Detergents, Cosmetics, Disinfectants, Pharma Chemicals

STABAXOL L

Stabaxol L is a high-performance stabilizer used in various polymer applications for its excellent hydrolysis resistance and versatility.
Stabaxol L is characterized by its stability and efficiency in enhancing the durability and longevity of polymer products.
The chemical formula for Stabaxol L is proprietary, and it is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its superior properties.

CAS Number: 24929-91-9
EC Number: 246-563-8

Synonyms: Hydrolysis stabilizer, Stabaxol L, Polymer stabilizer, Stabaxol Polymer Stabilizer, Hydrolysis Resistance Agent, Polymer Additive L, Stabilizer L, Stabaxol Hydrolysis Stabilizer, PU Stabilizer L, Additive L



APPLICATIONS


Stabaxol L is widely used in the stabilization of polyurethane products, providing excellent hydrolysis resistance and durability.
Stabaxol L is essential in the manufacture of high-performance polyurethane foams.
Stabaxol L is utilized in the production of elastomers, enhancing their hydrolytic stability and longevity.

Stabaxol L is a preferred stabilizer for flexible and rigid foams due to its reactivity and efficiency.
Stabaxol L is used in automotive applications for its excellent stability and performance under harsh conditions.
Stabaxol L is found in the production of coatings and sealants, contributing to their durability and hydrolytic resistance.

Stabaxol L is used in water-based polymer systems for its compatibility and stability.
Stabaxol L is a key component in solvent-based polyurethane coatings.
Stabaxol L is used in the textile industry to improve the durability and performance of coatings on fabrics.

Stabaxol L is employed in the production of rubber materials for its stabilizing properties.
Stabaxol L is used in the manufacturing of synthetic fibers, enhancing their strength and resilience.
Stabaxol L is used in the construction industry for high-performance coatings and sealants.

Stabaxol L is used in the creation of high-performance adhesives, providing strong and durable bonds.
Stabaxol L is a key component in the production of plastics, improving their mechanical properties.
Stabaxol L is utilized in the formulation of industrial coatings, ensuring durability and chemical resistance.

Stabaxol L is applied in the creation of specialty coatings for various industrial applications, ensuring durability and performance.
Stabaxol L is used in the production of coatings for metal surfaces, providing corrosion resistance.
Stabaxol L is essential in the creation of high-quality printing inks, enhancing adhesion and flexibility.

Stabaxol L is used in the production of rubber products, ensuring durable and consistent performance.
Stabaxol L is employed in the automotive industry, used in high-performance coatings and adhesives.
Stabaxol L is utilized in the production of wood coatings, enhancing their durability and appearance.

Stabaxol L is found in the manufacture of specialty coatings for industrial machinery.
Stabaxol L is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
Stabaxol L is a key ingredient in the production of polyurethane elastomers.

Stabaxol L is employed in the textile industry to improve the performance of coatings on fabrics.
Stabaxol L is used in the rubber industry for its stabilizing properties.
Stabaxol L is essential in the production of high-performance industrial coatings.

Stabaxol L is a vital component in water-based and solvent-based polymer systems.
Stabaxol L is applied in the creation of high-performance industrial products.
Stabaxol L is used in the formulation of household and industrial coatings.

Stabaxol L is utilized in the production of specialty coatings for electronic devices.
Stabaxol L is found in the creation of specialty inks for various applications.
Stabaxol L is used in the production of ceramic and glass coatings.

Stabaxol L is applied in the creation of coatings for plastic surfaces.
Stabaxol L is utilized in the formulation of coatings for wood surfaces.
Stabaxol L is essential in the production of high-performance adhesives.

Stabaxol L is used in the formulation of coatings for automotive applications.
Stabaxol L is utilized in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants.
Stabaxol L is found in the manufacture of coatings for industrial machinery.

Stabaxol L is employed in the creation of specialty coatings for various substrates.
Stabaxol L is used in the formulation of high-performance coatings for various applications.
Stabaxol L is a key component in the production of specialty inks for flexographic and gravure printing.

Stabaxol L is used in the creation of specialty inks for digital printing.
Stabaxol L is essential in the production of high-performance industrial products.
Stabaxol L is utilized in the manufacture of environmentally friendly industrial products.

Stabaxol L is used in the creation of water-based and solvent-based products.
Stabaxol L is a critical ingredient in the formulation of specialty coatings for metal and plastic surfaces.



DESCRIPTION


Stabaxol L is a high-performance stabilizer used in various polymer applications for its excellent hydrolysis resistance and versatility.
Stabaxol L is characterized by its stability and efficiency in enhancing the durability and longevity of polymer products.

Stabaxol L is a versatile chemical compound used in various polymer applications.
Stabaxol L is known for its strong stabilizing properties, which improve the durability and performance of polymer products.
Stabaxol L provides excellent chemical resistance, making it ideal for industrial coatings and adhesives.

Stabaxol L is compatible with a wide range of polymer systems, enhancing its versatility in different formulations.
Stabaxol L is widely used in the coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and sealants industries, among others.
Stabaxol L's non-toxic nature makes it safe for use in various industrial and consumer products.

Stabaxol L offers excellent weather resistance, making it suitable for outdoor applications.
Stabaxol L is known for its ease of dispersion, ensuring uniform stabilizing in various systems.
Stabaxol L is essential in the creation of durable and high-performance polymer products.

Stabaxol L's strong stabilizing properties make it a preferred choice in the creation of high-quality industrial coatings.
Stabaxol L is an important precursor in the production of high-performance adhesives and sealants.
Stabaxol L is widely used in the manufacture of durable and resilient polymer products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Proprietary
Common Name: Stabaxol L
Molecular Structure: Proprietary
Appearance: Clear liquid
Density: 1.0 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low
Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents
Reactivity: High
Chemical Stability: Excellent
Compatibility: Wide range of polymer systems
Weather Resistance: Excellent
Dispersion: Easy



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Stabaxol L is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:
Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Stabaxol L.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb spills with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.

Storage:
Store Stabaxol L in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating aerosols or mists.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Stabaxol L at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Stabaxol L away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Stabaxol L to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.
STABAXOL® P

Stabaxol® P is a high-performance hydrolysis stabilizer used in various polymer applications to enhance the durability and lifespan of polymer products.
Stabaxol® P is characterized by its ability to protect polymers from hydrolytic degradation, ensuring long-term stability.
The chemical formula for Stabaxol® P is proprietary, and it is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its superior properties.

CAS Number: 41556-26-7
EC Number: 255-437-1

Synonyms: Hydrolysis stabilizer, Stabaxol® P, Polymer stabilizer, Stabaxol Hydrolysis Stabilizer P, Anti-hydrolysis Agent P, Polymer Additive P, Stabilizer Additive P, PU Stabilizer P, Stabaxol Stabilizer P, Anti-degradation Additive P



APPLICATIONS


Stabaxol® P is widely used in the formulation of polyurethane products, providing excellent hydrolytic stability.
Stabaxol® P is essential in the manufacture of high-performance elastomers, enhancing their resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is utilized in the production of flexible and rigid foams, improving their durability and lifespan.

Stabaxol® P is a preferred stabilizer for automotive applications, ensuring long-term stability under varying environmental conditions.
Stabaxol® P is used in the production of sealants and adhesives, contributing to their hydrolytic resistance and performance.
Stabaxol® P is found in the manufacture of coatings and films, providing enhanced protection against hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P is used in water-based polymer systems for its compatibility and efficiency in preventing hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is a key component in solvent-based polymer formulations, providing long-lasting stability.
Stabaxol® P is employed in the textile industry to improve the durability of coatings on fabrics.

Stabaxol® P is utilized in the production of rubber materials for its anti-hydrolysis properties.
Stabaxol® P is used in the manufacturing of synthetic fibers, enhancing their resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P is used in the construction industry for high-performance coatings and sealants.

Stabaxol® P is used in the creation of high-performance adhesives, providing long-term stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is a key component in the production of plastics, improving their resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P is utilized in the formulation of industrial coatings, ensuring long-lasting protection and performance.

Stabaxol® P is applied in the creation of specialty coatings for various industrial applications, ensuring enhanced hydrolytic stability.
Stabaxol® P is used in the production of coatings for metal surfaces, providing improved protection against hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is essential in the creation of high-quality printing inks, enhancing durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P is used in the production of rubber products, ensuring consistent performance and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is employed in the automotive industry, used in high-performance coatings and adhesives for improved stability.
Stabaxol® P is utilized in the production of wood coatings, enhancing their durability and protection against hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P is found in the manufacture of specialty coatings for industrial machinery, providing improved stability and performance.
Stabaxol® P is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, ensuring enhanced resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is a key ingredient in the production of polyurethane elastomers, enhancing their durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P is employed in the textile industry to improve the performance and durability of coatings on fabrics.
Stabaxol® P is used in the rubber industry for its anti-hydrolysis properties, improving stability and performance.
Stabaxol® P is essential in the production of high-performance industrial coatings, providing improved durability and resistance to hydrolysis.

Stabaxol® P is a vital component in water-based and solvent-based polymer systems, ensuring enhanced hydrolytic stability and performance.
Stabaxol® P is applied in the creation of high-performance industrial products, providing improved stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is used in the formulation of household and industrial coatings, enhancing their durability and protection against hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P is utilized in the production of specialty coatings for electronic devices, providing improved stability and protection.
Stabaxol® P is found in the creation of specialty inks for various applications, enhancing durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P is used in the production of ceramic and glass coatings, improving their stability and application properties.

Stabaxol® P is applied in the creation of coatings for plastic surfaces, ensuring improved durability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is utilized in the formulation of coatings for wood surfaces, providing enhanced durability and protection against hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P is essential in the production of high-performance adhesives, ensuring improved stability and protection against hydrolysis.

Stabaxol® P is used in the formulation of coatings for automotive applications, providing improved stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is utilized in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants, ensuring enhanced durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P is found in the manufacture of coatings for industrial machinery, providing improved stability and performance.

Stabaxol® P is employed in the creation of specialty coatings for various substrates, ensuring improved stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is used in the formulation of high-performance coatings for various applications, providing enhanced durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P is a key component in the production of specialty inks for flexographic and gravure printing, ensuring improved durability and resistance to hydrolysis.

Stabaxol® P is used in the creation of specialty inks for digital printing, providing enhanced durability and application properties.
Stabaxol® P is essential in the production of high-performance industrial products, ensuring improved stability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P is utilized in the manufacture of environmentally friendly industrial products, providing enhanced stability and durability.

Stabaxol® P is used in the creation of water-based and solvent-based products, ensuring improved stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P is a critical ingredient in the formulation of specialty coatings for metal and plastic surfaces, providing enhanced stability and application properties.



DESCRIPTION


Stabaxol® P is a high-performance hydrolysis stabilizer used in various polymer applications to enhance the durability and lifespan of polymer products.
Stabaxol® P is characterized by its ability to protect polymers from hydrolytic degradation, ensuring long-term stability.

Stabaxol® P is a versatile chemical compound used in various polymer applications.
Stabaxol® P is known for its strong hydrolysis stabilizing properties, which improve the durability and performance of polymer products.
Stabaxol® P provides excellent compatibility with a wide range of polymers, making it ideal for industrial coatings and adhesives.

Stabaxol® P is compatible with a wide range of polymer systems, enhancing its versatility in different formulations.
Stabaxol® P is widely used in the coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and sealants industries, among others.
Stabaxol® P's non-toxic nature makes it safe for use in various industrial and consumer products.

Stabaxol® P offers excellent stability, making it suitable for applications requiring enhanced resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P is known for its ease of dispersion, ensuring uniform hydrolysis stabilization in various systems.
Stabaxol® P is essential in the creation of durable and high-performance polymer products.

Stabaxol® P's strong hydrolysis stabilizing properties make it a preferred choice in the creation of high-quality industrial coatings.
Stabaxol® P is an important precursor in the production of high-performance adhesives and sealants, providing improved stability.
Stabaxol® P is widely used in the manufacture of durable and resilient polymer products, ensuring enhanced stability and performance.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Proprietary
Common Name: Stabaxol® P
Molecular Structure: Proprietary
Appearance: Clear liquid
Density: 1.1 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low
Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents
Reactivity: Low
Chemical Stability: Excellent
Compatibility: Wide range of polymer systems
Hydrolysis Stability: Excellent
Dispersion: Easy



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Stabaxol® P is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Stabaxol® P.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb spills with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.

Storage:
Store Stabaxol® P in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating aerosols or mists.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Stabaxol® P at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Stabaxol® P away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Stabaxol® P to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.
STABAXOL® P 100

Stabaxol® P 100 is a high-performance hydrolysis stabilizer used in various polymer applications to enhance the durability and lifespan of polymer products.
Stabaxol® P 100 is characterized by its ability to protect polymers from hydrolytic degradation, ensuring long-term stability.
The chemical formula for Stabaxol® P 100 is proprietary, and it is commonly used in various industrial applications due to its superior properties.

CAS Number: 41556-26-7
EC Number: 255-437-1

Synonyms: Hydrolysis stabilizer, Stabaxol® P 100, Polymer stabilizer, Stabaxol Hydrolysis Stabilizer P 100, Anti-hydrolysis Agent P 100, Polymer Additive P 100, Stabilizer Additive P 100, PU Stabilizer P 100, Stabaxol Stabilizer P 100, Anti-degradation Additive P 100



APPLICATIONS


Stabaxol® P 100 is widely used in the formulation of polyurethane products, providing excellent hydrolytic stability.
Stabaxol® P 100 is essential in the manufacture of high-performance elastomers, enhancing their resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the production of flexible and rigid foams, improving their durability and lifespan.

Stabaxol® P 100 is a preferred stabilizer for automotive applications, ensuring long-term stability under varying environmental conditions.
Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the production of sealants and adhesives, contributing to their hydrolytic resistance and performance.
Stabaxol® P 100 is found in the manufacture of coatings and films, providing enhanced protection against hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P 100 is used in water-based polymer systems for its compatibility and efficiency in preventing hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is a key component in solvent-based polymer formulations, providing long-lasting stability.
Stabaxol® P 100 is employed in the textile industry to improve the durability of coatings on fabrics.

Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the production of rubber materials for its anti-hydrolysis properties.
Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the manufacturing of synthetic fibers, enhancing their resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the construction industry for high-performance coatings and sealants.

Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the creation of high-performance adhesives, providing long-term stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is a key component in the production of plastics, improving their resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the formulation of industrial coatings, ensuring long-lasting protection and performance.

Stabaxol® P 100 is applied in the creation of specialty coatings for various industrial applications, ensuring enhanced hydrolytic stability.
Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the production of coatings for metal surfaces, providing improved protection against hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is essential in the creation of high-quality printing inks, enhancing durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the production of rubber products, ensuring consistent performance and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is employed in the automotive industry, used in high-performance coatings and adhesives for improved stability.
Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the production of wood coatings, enhancing their durability and protection against hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P 100 is found in the manufacture of specialty coatings for industrial machinery, providing improved stability and performance.
Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, ensuring enhanced resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is a key ingredient in the production of polyurethane elastomers, enhancing their durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P 100 is employed in the textile industry to improve the performance and durability of coatings on fabrics.
Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the rubber industry for its anti-hydrolysis properties, improving stability and performance.
Stabaxol® P 100 is essential in the production of high-performance industrial coatings, providing improved durability and resistance to hydrolysis.

Stabaxol® P 100 is a vital component in water-based and solvent-based polymer systems, ensuring enhanced hydrolytic stability and performance.
Stabaxol® P 100 is applied in the creation of high-performance industrial products, providing improved stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the formulation of household and industrial coatings, enhancing their durability and protection against hydrolytic degradation.

Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the production of specialty coatings for electronic devices, providing improved stability and protection.
Stabaxol® P 100 is found in the creation of specialty inks for various applications, enhancing durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the production of ceramic and glass coatings, improving their stability and application properties.

Stabaxol® P 100 is applied in the creation of coatings for plastic surfaces, ensuring improved durability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the formulation of coatings for wood surfaces, providing enhanced durability and protection against hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P 100 is essential in the production of high-performance adhesives, ensuring improved stability and protection against hydrolysis.

Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the formulation of coatings for automotive applications, providing improved stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the production of specialty adhesives and sealants, ensuring enhanced durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P 100 is found in the manufacture of coatings for industrial machinery, providing improved stability and performance.

Stabaxol® P 100 is employed in the creation of specialty coatings for various substrates, ensuring improved stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the formulation of high-performance coatings for various applications, providing enhanced durability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P 100 is a key component in the production of specialty inks for flexographic and gravure printing, ensuring improved durability and resistance to hydrolysis.

Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the creation of specialty inks for digital printing, providing enhanced durability and application properties.
Stabaxol® P 100 is essential in the production of high-performance industrial products, ensuring improved stability and resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P 100 is utilized in the manufacture of environmentally friendly industrial products, providing enhanced stability and durability.

Stabaxol® P 100 is used in the creation of water-based and solvent-based products, ensuring improved stability and resistance to hydrolysis.
Stabaxol® P 100 is a critical ingredient in the formulation of specialty coatings for metal and plastic surfaces, providing enhanced stability and application properties.



DESCRIPTION


Stabaxol® P 100 is a high-performance hydrolysis stabilizer used in various polymer applications to enhance the durability and lifespan of polymer products.
Stabaxol® P 100 is characterized by its ability to protect polymers from hydrolytic degradation, ensuring long-term stability.

Stabaxol® P 100 is a versatile chemical compound used in various polymer applications.
Stabaxol® P 100 is known for its strong hydrolysis stabilizing properties, which improve the durability and performance of polymer products.
Stabaxol® P 100 provides excellent compatibility with a wide range of polymers, making it ideal for industrial coatings and adhesives.

Stabaxol® P 100 is compatible with a wide range of polymer systems, enhancing its versatility in different formulations.
Stabaxol® P 100 is widely used in the coatings, adhesives, elastomers, and sealants industries, among others.
Stabaxol® P 100's non-toxic nature makes it safe for use in various industrial and consumer products.

Stabaxol® P 100 offers excellent stability, making it suitable for applications requiring enhanced resistance to hydrolytic degradation.
Stabaxol® P 100 is known for its ease of dispersion, ensuring uniform hydrolysis stabilization in various systems.
Stabaxol® P 100 is essential in the creation of durable and high-performance polymer products.

Stabaxol® P 100's strong hydrolysis stabilizing properties make it a preferred choice in the creation of high-quality industrial coatings.
Stabaxol® P 100 is an important precursor in the production of high-performance adhesives and sealants, providing improved stability.
Stabaxol® P 100 is widely used in the manufacture of durable and resilient polymer products, ensuring enhanced stability and performance.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Proprietary
Common Name: Stabaxol® P 100
Molecular Structure: Proprietary
Appearance: Clear liquid
Density: 1.1 g/cm³
Viscosity: Low
Solubility: Miscible with most organic solvents
Reactivity: Low
Chemical Stability: Excellent
Compatibility: Wide range of polymer systems
Hydrolysis Stability: Excellent
Dispersion: Easy



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Stabaxol® P 100 is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.

Eye Contact:
Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Stabaxol® P 100.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb spills with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.

Storage:
Store Stabaxol® P 100 in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating aerosols or mists.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Stabaxol® P 100 at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store Stabaxol® P 100 away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling Stabaxol® P 100 to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.
Stannous Chloride Anhydrous
SynonymsStannous;TechneScan PYP;tin(ii) phosphate;Tin pyrophosphate;ditin pyrophosphate;TIN(II) DIPHOSPHATE;tin(2+)pyrophosphate;Stannous pyrophospha;phosphonato phosphate;TIN(II) PYROPHOSPHATE CAS No.15578-26-4
Stannous Chloride Dihydrate
SYNONYMS SPAN 80; Sorbitan Monooleate; Sorbitan oleate; Monodehydrosorbitol monooleate; Sorbitan monooleic acid ester; Sorbitan, mono-9-octadecenoate CAS NO. 1338-43-8
STANNOUS SULFATE
Stannous sulfate, also known as Tin(+2) Sulfate and Tin(II) Sulfate, has the chemical formula SnSO4.
Stannous sulfate is commonly used in acid tin plating baths, liquor finishing and drawing of steel wire.
Stannous sulfate appears as a white or yellowish-white hygroscopic crystalline powder with no odor.

CAS Number: 7488-55-3
EC Number: 231-302-2
Molecular Formula: O4SSn
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 214.77

Stannous sulfate is a chemical compound.
Stannous sulfate is a white solid that can absorb enough moisture from the air to become fully dissolved, forming an aqueous solution; this property is known as deliquescence.

Stannous sulfate can be prepared by a displacement reaction between metallic tin and copper(II) sulfate:
Sn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu (s) + SnSO4 (aq)

Stannous sulfate is a convenient source of tin(II) ions uncontaminated by tin(IV) species.

Stannous sulfate (SnSO4) is a chemical compound.
Stannous sulfate is a white solid that can absorb enough moisture from the air to become fully dissolved, forming an aqueous solution.

Stannous sulfate is a white to slightly yellow, heavy crystalline powder.
When dissolved in a 5% Sulfuric Acid Solution, a clear solution is obtained.

Gradual hydrolysis occurs over a period of time with the formation of insoluble tin compounds.
Stannous sulfate is commonly used in acid tin plating baths, liquor finishing and drawing of steel wire.

Stannous sulfate delivers a high current efficiency and smooth, fine grained deposits.
A bright finish can be obtained by flow melting of through the use of certain additives.

Stannous sulfate is used primarily in electroplating plating and as a dying agent.
Bright tin acid plating is more corrosion resistant than alkaline tin plating.

Acid tin plating is a process to create a mirror like finish on different metals like copper, brass, steel, etc.
This applies to several industries including: switch gears, electrical and electronics, bimetal bearing, etc.

Stannous sulfate, also known as Tin(+2) Sulfate and Tin(II) Sulfate, has the chemical formula SnSO4.
Stannous sulfate appears as a white or yellowish-white hygroscopic crystalline powder with no odor.

Stannous sulfate is soluble in Water at ambient conditions.
Chemically pure or Laboratory reagents are the two terms often used to describe Lab Grade chemicals.
Lab Grade chemicals do not meet any accepted quality or purity requirements such as the ACS Grade, the USP Grade, and the FCC Grade, despite their acceptable purity.

Stannous sulfate is a chemical compound.
Stannous sulfate is a white solid that can absorb enough moisture from the air to become fully dissolved, forming an aqueous solution; this property is known as deliquescence.

Stannous sulfate can be prepared by a displacement reaction between metallic tin and copper(II) sulfate:
Sn (s) + CuSO4 (aq) → Cu (s) + SnSO4 (aq)

Stannous sulfate is a convenient source of tin(II) ions uncontaminated by tin(IV) species.

Stannous sulfate is a sulfate of tin.
Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.
Stannous sulfate is a natural component of the earth's crust and is obtained chiefly from the mineral cassiterite, where Stannous sulfate occurs as tin dioxide.

Stannous sulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Stannous sulfate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Stannous sulfate is mainly used for coloring aluminum profiles by an anodizing process in the building industry.
Stannous sulfate is also used in electroplating, for electrolytic tin plating (tinning).
Stannous sulfate is used as a raw material for the production of tin chemicals.

Stannous sulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Tin source for uses compatible with sulfates.
Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.

Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble.
Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions.

Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells.
Stannous sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered.

Tin is a chemical element with the symbol Sn and atomic number 50.

Stannous sulfate, technical is also known as Tin(II) sulfate.
Stannous sulfate is often a source of tin(II) ions uncontaminated by tin(IV) species.

Stannous sulfate absorbs moisture from the air and is able to dissolve in Stannous sulfate which forms a solution.
This process is called deliquescence.
Technical grade products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use.

The synthesis of Stannous sulfate involves the reaction of potassium dichromate and sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid.
Stannous sulfate is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water.

Stannous sulfate has been used to prepare other types of sulfates, such as calcium stearate.
Stannous sulfate is a strong reducing agent and can be used to reduce metal ions, such as chromium (III) ions.

Stannous sulfate also has an acidic pH and can be used in the preparation of other compounds with acidic properties, such as sodium carbonate and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid.
Stannous sulfate has a redox potential of 0.85 volts and Stannous sulfate optimum concentration is at 1 Molar.

Stannous sulfate also has an anhydrous form that can be made by heating anhydrous sodium to 100 °C and then adding sulfuric acid while stirring until all the sodium dissolves into solution.
The optical sensor for Stannous sulfate is blue-green on.

Applications of Stannous sulfate:
Stannous sulfate can be used in the electrosynthesis of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin films for solar cell application.
Stannous sulfate can be used to synthesize ternary Cu-Sn-S chalcogenides such as Cu2SnS3, Cu5Sn2S7 and Cu3SnS4 by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method.
Stannous sulfate can also be used in the preparation of tin (IV) oxide (SnO2) nanoparticles which are widely used in battery electrodes, fabrication of supercapacitors and opto-electronic devices.

Uses of Stannous sulfate:
Stannous sulfate is the sulfate salt of stannous.
Study has shown that Stannous sulfate can be mixed with gypsum to make a retarder in grinding portal cement and blended hydraulic cement, which can improve the quality of the cement, mortar and concrete.

Stannous sulfate can also be used as the reducing agent during the determination of mercury, cobalt and nickel through atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
Stannous sulfate can also be used as an electrolyte additive to be supplemented to the battery.
This could have a positive effect on restraining larger particles of irreversible sulfation in charge-discharge cycles of battery testing.

Stannous sulfate is used in tin plating and to make stannous salts.
Stannous sulfate is mainly used for coloring aluminum profiles by an anodizing process in the building industry.

Stannous sulfate is also used in electroplating, for electrolytic tin plating (tinning).
Stannous sulfate is used as a raw material for the production of tin chemicals.

Widespread uses by professional workers
Stannous sulfate is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and metal surface treatment products.
Stannous sulfate is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Stannous sulfate is used for the manufacture of: mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and fabricated metal products.
Other release to the environment of Stannous sulfate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Uses at industrial sites:
Stannous sulfate is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, adhesives and sealants, polymers, non-metal-surface treatment products and semiconductors.
Stannous sulfate is used in the following areas: building & construction work.

Stannous sulfate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, fabricated metal products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Release to the environment of Stannous sulfate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Bleaching agent
Plating agents and surface treating agents

Consumer Uses:
Stannous sulfate is used in the following products: fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay.
Other release to the environment of Stannous sulfate is likely to occur from: outdoor use and indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).

Other Consumer Uses:
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Electroplating

Structure of Stannous sulfate:
In the solid state the sulfate ions are linked together by O-Sn-O bridges.
The tin atom has three oxygen atoms arranged pyramidally at 226 pm with the three O-Sn-O bond angles of 79°, 77.1° and 77.1°.
Other Sn-O distances are longer ranging from 295 - 334pm.

General Manufacturing Information of Stannous sulfate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Inorganic Chemical Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing

Handling and Storage of Stannous sulfate:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Moisture sensitive.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Stability and Reactivity of Stannous sulfate:

Reactivity:
No data available

Chemical stability:
Stannous sulfate is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with:
Strong oxidizing agents

Conditions to avoid
Avoid moisture.

First Aid Measures of Stannous sulfate:

General advice:
Show Stannous sulfate safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

Consult a physician.
In case of eye contact

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Firefighting Measures of Stannous sulfate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Stannous sulfate or mixture:
Sulfur oxides
Tin/tin oxides

Not combustible.
Ambient fire may liberate hazardous vapours.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Stannous sulfate:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts. Avoid substance contact.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Identifiers of Stannous sulfate:
CAS Number: 7488-55-3
ChemSpider: 21106484
ECHA InfoCard: 100.028.457
EC Number: 231-302-2
PubChem CID: 62643
UNII: 0MFE10J96E
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID20884389
InChI: InChI=1S/H2O4S.Sn.2H/c1-5(2,3)4;;;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);;;/q;+2;;/p-2
Key: RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
InChI=1/H2O4S.Sn.2H/c1-5(2,3)4;;;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);;;/q;+2;;/p-2/rH2O4S.H2Sn/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);1H2/q;+2/p-2
Key: RCIVOBGSMSSVTR-YHUAHBEBAB
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[SnH2+2]

EC / List no.: 231-302-2
CAS no.: 7488-55-3
Mol. formula: O4SSn

Linear Formula: SnSO4
MDL Number: MFCD00011246
EC No.: 231-302-2
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 62643
IUPAC Name: tin(+2); sulfate
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)(=O)[O-].[Sn+2]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/H2O4S.Sn/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2
InchI Key: OBBXFSIWZVFYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Synonym(s): Stannous sulfate
Linear Formula: SnSO4
CAS Number: 7488-55-3
Molecular Weight: 214.77
EC Number: 231-302-2
MDL number: MFCD00011246
PubChem Substance ID: 24854690
NACRES: NA.22

CAS: 7488-55-3
Molecular Formula: O4SSn
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 214.77
MDL Number: MFCD00011246
InChI Key: OBBXFSIWZVFYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID: 62643
IUPAC Name: λ²-tin(2+) sulfate
SMILES: [Sn++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O

Properties of Stannous sulfate:
Chemical formula: SnSO4
Molar mass: 214.773 g/mol
Appearance: white-yellowish crystalline solid deliquescent
Density: 4.15 g/cm3
Melting point: 378 °C (712 °F; 651 K)
Boiling point: decomposes to SnO2 and SO2
Solubility in water: 33 g/100 mL (25 °C)

Compound Formula: O4SSn
Molecular Weight: 214.75
Appearance: White-Yellowish Crystalline Solid
Melting Point: 378° C (712.4° F)
Boiling Point: decomposes to SnO2 and SO2
Density: 4.15 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 33 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Exact Mass: 215.854 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 215.854 g/mol

Quality Level: 100
Assay: ≥95%

Reaction suitability:
Core: tin
Reagent type: catalyst

SMILES string: [SnH2++].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O
InChI: 1S/H2O4S.Sn/c1-5(2,3)4;/h(H2,1,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2
InChI key: OBBXFSIWZVFYJR-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Molecular Weight: 214.78 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 215.853932 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 215.853932 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 62.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Stannous sulfate:
Melting Point: 360°C
Color: White
pH: 2.0
Physical Form: Solid
Quantity: 500 mL
Formula Weight: 214.77
Grade: Laboratory
Identification: Pass Test
Packaging: HDPE Bottle
Chemical Name or Material: Stannous Sulfate

Structure of Stannous sulfate:
Crystal structure: Primitive orthorhombic
Space group: Pnma, No. 62
Lattice constant: a = 8.80 Å, b = 5.32 Å, c = 7.12 Å

Related compounds of Stannous sulfate:

Other anions:
Tin(II) chloride, tin(II) bromide, tin(II) iodide

Other cations:
Lead(II) sulfate

Names of Stannous sulfate:

Regulatory process names:
Tin sulphate
Tin sulphate
tin sulphate

CAS names:
Sulfuric acid, tin(2+) salt (1:1)

IUPAC names:
lambda2-tin(2+) sulfate
stannane disulfate
stannane sulfate
Stannous sulfate
stannous sulphate
stannous sulphate, crystalline
Sulfuric acid, tin(2+) salt (1:1)
tin (2+) sulfate
Tin (ii) sulphate
tin (II) sulphate
Tin sulphate
tin sulphate
tin sulphate
TIN TETROXYSULPHATE
TIN(+2)SULFATE
tin(2+) sulfate
tin(2+);sulfate
tin(4+) disulfate
tin(II) sulphate
Tin(II) sulphate
Tin(II)sulphate

Trade names:
Tin(II) sulfate, Tin(II) sulphate, Stannous(II) sulfate, Stannous(II) sulphate

Other name:
Stannous sulfate

Other identifiers:
210894-86-3
210894-86-3
4327-98-4
4327-98-4
7488-55-3

Synonyms of Stannous sulfate:
STANNOUS SULFATE
Tin(II) sulfate
7488-55-3
Tin(2+) sulfate
Sulfuric acid, tin(2+) salt (1:1)
TIN(II)SULFATE
0MFE10J96E
MFCD00011246
tin(2+);sulfate
EINECS 231-302-2
UNII-0MFE10J96E
Tin (II) Sulfate
Stannous Sulfate, Crystal
EC 231-302-2
STANNOUS(II) SULFATE
TIN SULFATE (SNSO4)
STANNOUS SULFATE [MI]
DTXSID20884389
Tin(II)-sulphate min. 99%, p.a.
FT-0686844
Q204981
J-524303
19307-28-9 [RN]
Disulfate d'étain(4+) [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
tin bis(sulphate)
TIN SULFATE
Tin(4+) disulfate [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Zinn(4+)disulfat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
[19307-28-9] [RN]
10031-62-6 [RN]
242-952-1 [EINECS]
MFCD00135545
Stannic sulfate
Stannous sulfate
Sulfurous acid, tin salt
tin sulphate
TIN(4+) DISULFATE|TIN(4+) DISULFATE
TIN(4+) ION DISULFATE
STARCH
Amylum, Potato starch for determination of diastase; starch CAS NO:9005-84-9
STEARALKONIUM CHLORIDE
STEARAMIDE MEA N° CAS : 111-57-9 Nom INCI : STEARAMIDE MEA Nom chimique : N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)octadecanamide N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-883-2 Classification : MEA Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Sinergiste de mousse : Améliore la qualité de la mousse produite en augmentant une ou plusieurs des propriétés suivantes: volume, texture et / ou stabilité Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
STEARAMIDE MEA
synonyme : octyl stearate, Inci : ethylhexyl stearate, Cas : 91031-48-2 ; 22047-49-0, EC : 292-951-5 ; 244-754-0, STÉARATE D'ÉTHYLHEXYLE, Le stéarate d'éthylhexyle, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Liquide huileux incolore à légèrement jaune, Acide gras en C16-18, esters d’éthyl-2 hexyl; Butyl stearate; N-Butyl stearate
STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE
DESCRIPTION:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an ingredient in some types of hair conditioner.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine has antistatic, emulsifying, hair conditioning, and surfactant properties.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is water soluble, readily biodegradable, and mildly toxic to aquatic life.

CAS Number: 7651-02-7
EC Number: 231-609-1
Preferred IUPAC name: N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]octadecanamide


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Chemical formula: C23H48N2O
Molar mass: 368.650 g•mol−1
Boiling Point: 208-215°C
Melting Point: 49-50°C
Solubility: Soluble in water
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 %
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 496.00 to 497.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 490.00 °F. TCC ( 254.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 7.618 (est)
Storage: Store under room temperature. Avoid Heat & Light.
Shelf Life: 24Months from manufacturing or testing date (Current Lot will expire: 02/2024)
Dosage (Range): 0.1% - 5%
Recommended Dosage: 3%
Mix Method: Add into oil phase. Heat tolerant.
Heat Resistance: Avoid heat above 80C
Stable in pH range: 3.5 - 6.5
Solubility: Oil

Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine is a fatty mine salt, used as a hair care ingredient used as a conditioning and anti-static agent in shampoos and conditioners, and is also sometimes used for its luminescent, pearl-like properties.
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine serves in some cases as a mild detergent that can remove hair build-up (Happi.com).
When seen as a surfactant, it is at concentrations much lower than typical shampoo levels (1% vs 12%) and is considered a mild alternative to other harsher cleansers.

Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine is a kind of amine compound, applicable in hair & cream product as a cationic conditioner.
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine can reduce static upon hair under acid conditions, and can be used as antistatic agent in hair care products.

Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an emulsifier and a surfactant with cleansing properties which is commonly used in hair care products to condition and improve the appearance of hair.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine was introduced as a replacement to silicones since they are not easily broken down, and this compound is biodegradable.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine appears as a yellowish, waxy flake.

Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine is a conditioning agent and co-emulsifier.
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine is electrostatically substantive & improves wet and dry combing.
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine provides good static control and conditioning without build-up.
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine Functions as hair or skin conditioner and primary o/w emulsifier through partial neutralization.
As hair conditioner, Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine does not build-up and improves the substantivity of proteins and quaternary conditioners.

Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine can be used as a co-emulsifier in skin care product: for this use it should be incorporated in the oil phase; the pH of the water phase should be in the range of 6.5 to 5.5 when the phases are joined.
Additional acid can be added after the emulsion has been formed without affecting the stability of the system.

BENEFITS OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine gives the hair a soft silky feel and makes it easy to comb through.
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine is known to act as a potent surfactant.

Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine has been reported to be a far superior and cheaper alternative to other conditioners.
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine possesses a positive charge which can help offset the negative charge from shampooing the hair.
Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine is known to diminish static build up on the hair.

USES OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is mainly used as an emulsifier, and surfactant in cosmetics, particularly in hair care products.

Hair care:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used in shampoos or hair conditioners due to its antistatic effect.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine serves as a mild surfactant that removes dirt build-up from the hair.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine imparts a soft and silky feel to the hair, making it easier to comb through.

Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine possesses a positive charge which can help offset the negative charge from shampooing the hair and is a cheaper alternative to other conditioners.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine does not suppress foam and can be used with anionic surfactants and also helps to build the viscosity of the formulation.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is generally used at a maximum concentration of 0.01%-5%

Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an emulsifier, conditioning agent and surfactant with cleansing properties which is commonly used in hair care products to condition and improve the appearance of hair.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can be used in formulas as a replacement to silicones since they are not easily broken down, and is biodegradable.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine Functions as a skin conditioner.

Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is Suitable for making no-build up products.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine Improves the substantivity of proteins and quaternary conditioners.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used in shampoos or hair conditioners due to its antistatic effect.

Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine serves as a mild surfactant that removes dirt build-up from the hair.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine imparts a soft and silky feel to the hair, making it easier to comb through.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine possesses a positive charge which can help offset the negative charge from shampooing the hair.


ORIGIN OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is obtained by mixing together refined vegetable oils with 3,3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and heating the mixture.

FORMULATION OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE :
• Antistatic
• Emulsifying
• Hair conditioning
• Surfactant

SAFETY PROFILE OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine has been deemed safe for use in cosmetics by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) board, when they are formulated to be non-sensitizing.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine has antistatic, emulsifying, hair conditioning, and surfactant properties.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine appears as a yellowish, waxy flake.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an amine compound, derived from vegetable sourced C-18 fatty acid.


CAS Number: 7651-02-7
EC Number: 231-609-1
Chem/IUPAC Name: N-[3-(Dimethylamino)Propyl]Stearamide
Chemical formula: C23H48N2O



N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]octadecanamide, N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)octadecanamide, 7651-02-7, N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]stearamide, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine, N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]octadecanamide, Octadecanamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-, Lexamine S 13, N-(3(Dimethylamino)propyl)stearamide,
Tegamine S 13, K7VEI00UFR, Stearamidopropyldimethylamine, Dimethylaminopropyl stearamide, Stearic 3-dimethylaminopropylamide, TEGO AMID S- 18, Octadecanoylamidopropyldimethylamine, N-(3-Dimethylamidopropyl)stearamide, N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)octadecamide, NSC-86167, Stearic acid, 3-dimethylaminopropylamide, N,N-Dimethyl-N-(3-stearamidopropyl)amine, N,N-Dimethyl-3-octadecanoylaminopropylamine, Octadecanamide, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-, N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)octadecanamide, incromine sd, Mackine 301, UNII-K7VEI00UFR, JEECHEM S-13, TEGO AMID S 18, SCHEMBL23353, N-Dimethylaminopropylstearamide, DTXSID9064762, WWVIUVHFPSALDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N, NSC86167, EINECS 231-609-1, NSC 86167, AKOS024429065, N-stearoylaminopropyl-N,N-dimethylamine, NS00003937, STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE [INCI], EC 231-609-1, N-octadecanoyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, Q7605502, W-110230, 2-HYDROXY- COMPD. WITH N-[3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL]OCTADECANAMIDE PROPANOIC ACID, COMPD. WITH N-[3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL]OCTADECANAMIDE PROPANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, DIMETHYL[(3-STEAROYLAMINO)PROPYL]AMMONIUM LACTATE, N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(3-STEARAMIDOPROPYL)AMINE, LACTATE, N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(3-STEARAMIDOPROPYL)AMINE, LACTATE, N,N-DIMETHYL-N-(3-STEARAMIDOPROPYL)AMINE, (.+-.)-LACTIC ACID SALT; (3-STEARAMIDOPROPYL)DIMETHYLAMI, PROPANOIC ACID, 2-HYDROXY-, COMPD. WITH N-[3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL]OCTADECANAMIDE, PROPANOIC ACID, 2HYDROXY, COMPD. WITH N[3(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL]OCTADECANAMIDE (1:1), STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE LACTATE, STAEARAMIDE PROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE, Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine(PKO-S), N-(2-(Dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl)octadecanamide, Octadecanamide, N-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl]-, Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine, T/N: Unamide D150, Scercodine S Flaked, Jeechem S-13, Octadecanamide,N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-, Dimethylaminopropyl stearamide, N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)octadecanamide, Octadecanamide, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-, Octadecanoylamidopropyldimethylamine, Stearamidopropyldimethylamine, Stearic 3-dimethylaminopropylamide, Stearic acid, 3-dimethylaminopropylamide



Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an emulsifier and a surfactant with cleansing properties which is commonly used in hair care products to condition and improve the appearance of hair.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine was introduced as a replacement to silicones since they are not easily broken down, and this compound is biodegradable.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine appears as a yellowish, waxy flake.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a kind of amine compound, applicable in hair & cream product as a cationic conditioner.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is often touted as an alternative to silicones.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is water soluble, mixes well with others, and appears as a yellowish, waxy flake in its raw material form.
Typical usage levels of Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine range from 0.01-5%, which is within the parameters deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an ingredient in some types of hair conditioner.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine has antistatic, emulsifying, hair conditioning, and surfactant properties.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is water soluble, readily biodegradable.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an ingredient in some types of hair conditioner.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine has antistatic, emulsifying, hair conditioning, and surfactant properties.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a white to light yellow waxy flakes.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a fatty amine derived from vegetable oils, used as a conditioning, detangling, and smoothing agent.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a cationic surfactant used as a substitute for silicones in hair care products.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine combines quite easily with the hair (negatively charged) to form a smooth film, but while not occlusive as a silicone.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine adheres to the fabric surface to reduce static electricity present.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a hair conditioner that becomes quaternary ammonium in acidic medium.
Given its unecological manufacturing process, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is not authorized in France but in Germany Yes (BDIH).


The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) concluded in 2014 the safety of Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is often touted as an alternative to silicones.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is water soluble, mixes well with others, and appears as a yellowish, waxy flake in its raw material form.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a light yellow flake surfactant utilized in the production of hair care products, notably conditioners.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine's cationic character improves hair's wet and dry comability at an acidic pH.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine works efficiently as a secondary emulsifier in creams and lotions for the skin.


Some varieties of hair conditioner contain the chemical Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine possesses surfactant, emulsifying, antistatic, and hair-conditioning qualities.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is water soluble, quickly biodegradable, and barely hazardous to aquatic life.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine slows Moisture loss.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine reduces fly-aways.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine reduces tangles in your hair.


Improving the sensory profile of hair conditioning products, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine delivers better smoothness and combing performance in the case of dry hair.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a safe, effective, and readily biodegradable ingredient.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is one of the leading 'replacements' for silicones in conditioners (For Tresemme Naturals fans - this is the lead surfactant in your conditioner).
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is quite a mouthful, but don't worry, it's derived from vegetable oil.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine helps keep this conditioner blended properly and also helps prevent frizzy hair and flyaways.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a white to off-white flakes.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an amine compound, derived from vegetable sourced C-18 fatty acid.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a cationic-charged conditioner used in both leave-on and rinse-off applications.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine provides outstanding sensorial properties with exceptional detangling and conditioning in all hair types.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine appears as a yellowish, waxy flake.



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is mainly used as an emulsifier, and surfactant in cosmetics, particularly in hair care products.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylaminecan reduce static upon hair under acid conditions, and can be used as antistatic agent in hair care products.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can be used as an emulsifier and surfactant (cleansing agent) in cosmetic formulations.


The majority of research on Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine pertains to its use in hair care, where it is praised for delivering antistatic/conditioning properties.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine may also be used as a texture-enhancing ingredient to build viscosity within a formulation.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used as a co-emulsifier in skin cream formulations or skin care formula.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is characterized by a positive charge that can be attached to the hair or skin.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can be used as an emulsifier and surfactant (cleansing agent) in cosmetic formulations.


The majority of research on Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine pertains to its use in hair care, where it is praised for delivering antistatic/conditioning properties.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine may also be used as a texture-enhancing ingredient to build viscosity within a formulation.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is often touted as an alternative to silicones.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is water soluble, mixes well with others, and appears as a yellowish, waxy flake in its raw material form.
Typical usage levels of Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine range from 0.01-5%


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine functions as an antistatic ingredient as it alters the electrical properties of cosmetic raw materials or of human body surfaces (skin, hair, etc.) by reducing their tendency to acquire an electrical charge.
Antistatics are used as processing aids in the manufacture of cosmetic products and play a role in the formulation of hair products that prevent the condition commonly known as fly-away hair.


In addition Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine has emulsifying properties and acts as hair conditioner where it enhances the appearance and feel of hair, increases hair body or suppleness, facilitates combability and styling, improves gloss or sheen and improves the texture of hair, including hair that has been damaged by chemical or physical treatment.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can be used as an auxiliary emulsifier in the process of producing creams in acidic conditions.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine makes the skin feel soft and silky.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used hair conditioners for both leave-on and rinse-off applications.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a cosmetic raw material and is meant for external use only in cosmetic formulations.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a multifunctional ingredient, a hair-conditioning agent, thickener, and emollient that appears as white to yellowish flakes.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can be used İncorporated in hair care applications.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine improves wet and dry combing, polishes hair shine, reduces hair frizzy, and provides volume.
Ideal ingredient for stable and prosperous creamy formulations, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is compatible with anionic surfactants, provides a superior antistatic effect, and is effective with other quaternary salts.


After neutralization with an acid, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an effective conditioning agent and can deliver a highly viscous conditioning system with good stability under high and freeze temperatures.
In hair cleansing applications, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is compatible with some anionic surfactants and increases viscosity.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine improves the wet feeling and conditioning effects of shampoo, as well.
In coloration products, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine contributes as an emulsifier or thicker.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can be used as an emulsifier and surfactant (cleansing agent) in cosmetic formulations.


The majority of research on Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine pertains to its use in hair care, where it is praised for delivering antistatic/conditioning properties.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine may also be used as a texture-enhancing ingredient to build viscosity within a formulation.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a conditioning agent and co-emulsifier.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is electrostatically substantive & improves wet and dry combing.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine provides good static control and conditioning without build-up.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine functions as hair or skin conditioner and primary o/w emulsifier through partial neutralization.
As hair conditioner, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine does not build-up and improves the substantivity of proteins and quaternary conditioners.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can be used as a co-emulsifier in skin care product: for this use it should be incorporated in the oil phase; the pH of the water phase should be in the range of 6.5 to 5.5 when the phases are joined.


Additional acid can be added after the emulsion has been formed without affecting the stability of the system.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is a conditioning agent and emulsifier for conditioning hair conditioners and cures.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine improves the wet and dry combability as well as the "grip" of the hair and reduces static charge.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine also acts effectively as a co-emulsifier in creams and gives a pleasant skin feel.
The concentration for use in hair conditioners and cures is 1-3% and in shampoos 0.5-2%.
In cosmetic products it is necessary to neutralise Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine by adding acids.


Necessary amount of acid for 1g Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine (ph 3.5-4.5)
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an emulsifier based on palm oil which is mainly used in hair care products but can also be used in skin care.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine has a conditioning effect and leaves the hair anti-static, even after combing.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is lightly moisturizing and gives hair care products a pleasant viscosity.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an emulsifier, conditioning agent and surfactant with cleansing properties which is commonly used in hair care products to condition and improve the appearance of hair.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can be used in formulas as a replacement to silicones since they are not easily broken down, and is biodegradable.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used functions as a skin conditioner.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is suitable for making no-build up products.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine improves the substantivity of proteins and quaternary conditioners,
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used in shampoos or hair conditioners due to its antistatic effect.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine serves as a mild surfactant that removes dirt build-up from the hair.


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine imparts a soft and silky feel to the hair, making it easier to comb through.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine possesses a positive charge which can help offset the negative charge from shampooing the hair.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used hair care.


-Hair care:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used in shampoos or hair conditioners due to its antistatic effect.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine serves as a mild surfactant that removes dirt build-up from the hair.

Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine imparts a soft and silky feel to the hair, making it easier to comb through.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine possesses a positive charge which can help offset the negative charge from shampooing the hair and is a cheaper alternative to other conditioners.

Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine does not suppress foam and can be used with anionic surfactants and also helps to build the viscosity of the formulation.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is generally used at a maximum concentration of 0.01%-5%



FUNCTIONS OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*ANTISTATIC
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine reduces electrostatic charges (eg of the hair)

*HAIR CONDITIONING
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine leaves the hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and / or imparts volume

*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and/or teeth

*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)



ORIGIN OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
animal/synthetic



STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE AT A GLANCE:
*Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is used as an emulsifier and surfactant (cleansing agent) in cosmetic formulations
*Popular in hair care, where it is praised for delivering antistatic/conditioning properties
*Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can help build viscosity within a formulation
*Typical usage levels range from of 0.01-5% (deemed safe by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review)



FUNCTIONS OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
*Antistatic :
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine reduces static electricity by neutralizing electrical charge on a surface
*Emulsifying :
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Hair conditioning :
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine leaves hair easy to comb, soft, soft and shiny and / or confers volume, lightness and shine
*Surfactant :
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used.



ORIGIN OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is obtained by mixing together refined vegetable oils with 3,3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) and heating the mixture.



WHAT DOES STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antistatic
*Emulsifying
*Hair conditioning
*Surfactant



SAFETY PROFILE OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine has been deemed safe for use in cosmetics by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) board, when they are formulated to be non-sensitizing.



ALTERNATIVES OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
*OLEAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE,
*PALMITAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE,
*LAURAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE



FEATURES OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
*Exceptional conditioning
*Instantaneous detangling
*High substantivity
*Good wet and dry after feel
*Anti-static agent
*Improved wet and dry detangling
*Co-emulsifier



FUNCTION OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is an ingredient in some types of hair conditioner.


WHAT DOES STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE DO IN SHAMPOO AND CONDITIONER?
As it is a surfactant Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine can to some extent help blend the oil and water components of conditioner.


HOW MUCH IS STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE ADDED TO CONDITIONER?
Typically conditioner contains less than 5% Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine.


IS STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE A MAJOR COMPONENT OF HAIR CONDITIONER?
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is usually within the top 5 ingredients if present in a conditioner



STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE, ACTION ON HAIR:
Does Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine do anything to hair itself:
1. Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine binds (adsorbs) to the surface of hair
2. Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine's positive charge helps correct the negative charge from shampooing.
3. Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine gives slip to hair without causing excessive build up because it is water soluble unlike oils or silicone
4. Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine helps to smooth the cuticle and prevent static build up (flyaways!).



DO STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE PENETRATE HAIR?
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is not known to.



IS STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE BETTER THAN SILICONE FOR DETANGLING AND SLIP?
Not necessarily.
Some people may find a silicone free conditioner with Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine good enough but others will not.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine is up to the consumer (i.e you) to test it.



FUNCTIONS OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
*Anti-static,
*emulsification,
*hair conditioning,
*skin conditioning
*Hair conditioning
*Thickener
*Emollient
*Viscosity controlling agent
*Stabiliser



HOW TO USE STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE?
Add to the oil or emulsifier phase of the formula.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine may increase pH to 10 or above.
Adjust the pH of the water phase to 3-4 before adding the oil or emulsifier phase.
The final pH should be between 3.5-6.5.
It is recommended to use an organic acid as a buffer solution, preferably lactic acid.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
Boiling Point: 208-215°C
Melting Point: 49-50°C
Solubility: Soluble in water
Molecular Weight: 368.6 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 8.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 20
Exact Mass: 368.376664159 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 368.376664159 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 32.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 26
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 292
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
INCI Name: Stearamidopropyl Dimethylamine
Chemical Class: Amidoamines, etc.
CAS Number: 7651-02-7
EINECS: 231-609-1
Appearance: Slightly yellow to pale yellow powder
Boiling point: 490.6±28.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 0.874±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
pka: 15.89±0.46(Predicted)
FDA UNII: ZJ804046KO



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is a chemical compound and has a chemical formula of C₄₁H₈₄N₂O₃.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate's Characteristics are excellent emulsifying, dispersing, antirust, antistatic, anticorrosive, and lubricating abilities.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is an ingredient in some types of hair conditioner.


CAS Number: 127358-77-4
EC Number: 231-609-1
Molecular Formula: C41H84N2O3


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate has antistatic, emulsifying, hair conditioning, and surfactant properties.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is water soluble, readily biodegradable.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is a stearamidopropyl dimethyl amine complexed with stearic acid;
it is derived from a natural source (rape seed oil).


Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is a stearamidopropyl dimethylamine complexed with stearic acid.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is derived from a natural source (rapeseed oil).
Stearic Acid can have animal or plant sources.



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is used hair conditioning agent , antistatic agent , emulsifier.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate may or may not be vegan.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is an Ammonia compound of Stearic Acid, used in cosmetics as an emulsifier and hair conditioner.


Because this product is cationic, Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is very substantive and forms a monomolecular layer on the substrate.
Some of the commonly recommended applications of Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate include skin creams and lotions, hair care products such as shampoos and hair conditioners, shaving creams, liquid soaps and soap bars.


The combination of the moieties has a carbon chain length of 36, which makes Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate an excellent conditioner.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is also used as a cationic emulsifier.
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate is used as antistatic agent; Hair Conditioning Agent.


-Cosmetic Uses of Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate:
*antistatic agents
*hair conditioning
*surfactant - emulsifying


-Typical applications of Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate:
*Use as antistatic agent.
*Use as dispersing agent, emulsifying agent.
*Use as lubricant, corrosion inhibitor.


-Personal care products:
Antistatic agent, conditioning agent, emulsifying agent in personal care products.
-Anti-rust oil (grease):
Corrosion inhibitor, antirust agent in anti-rust oil (grease).



WHAT DOES STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antistatic
*Emulsifying
*Hair conditioning



FUNCTIONS OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*ANTISTATIC:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate reduces electrostatic charges (e.g. on the hair)

*HAIR CONDITIONING:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate makes hair easier to comb, supple, soft and shiny and gives it volume

*TENSID (EMULSIFYING) - EMULGATOR:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate allows the formation of finely divided mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)



FUNCTIONS OF STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
*Antistatic:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate reduces static electricity by neutralizing the electrical charge on a surface
*Emulsifying agent:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Hair conditioner:
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine



BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON USE IN COSMETICS:
Emulsifiers are often used as auxiliary substances in cosmetics.
They make it possible to bring components that are actually not miscible with each other, such as oil and water, into a permanently stable emulsion.
In cosmetic products, both aqueous and oily care and active ingredients can be used in a single product.
Emulsifiers are able to do this because their molecules consist of a fat-loving (lipophilic) and a water-loving (hydrophilic) part.
This allows them to reduce the interfacial tension that actually exists between two incompatible substances such as fat and water.
Emulsifiers are used in particular for creams, lotions and cleaning agents.
In the meantime, however, emulsifiers are much more than just auxiliary substances that keep an emulsion stable fatty acid esters based on sugar.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
Molecular Weight: 653.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 36
Exact Mass: 652.64819455
Monoisotopic Mass: 652.64819455
Topological Polar Surface Area: 69.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 46
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 494
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the
surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no information available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Octadecanamide, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-, octadecanoate
Catemol S180-S
127358-77-4
STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE
MP84D73N0X
Stearamidopropyl dimethylamine stearate
Octadecanamide, N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-, monooctadecanoate
Octadecanoic acid, compd. with N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)octadecanamide (1:1)
Octadecanoic acid, compd. with N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]octadecanamide (1:1)
UNII-MP84D73N0X
SCHEMBL428972
DTXSID60155500
Q27284160
N-[3-(Dimethylamino)propyl]octadecanamide
N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)octadecanamide
127358-77-4
CATEMOL S180-S
OCTADECANAMIDE, N-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)-, MONOOCTADECANOATE
OCTADECANOIC ACID, COMPD. WITH N-(3-(DIMETHYLAMINO)PROPYL)OCTADECANAMIDE (1:1)
STEARAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE STEARATE
Octadecanamide, N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-, octadecanoate
stearamidopropyl dimethylamine
octadecanamide, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-; stearamidopropyl dimethyl amine; stearic 3-dimethylaminopropylamide; diethyl aminopropyl stearamide CAS NO:7651-02-7
Stéarate d’octyle
AMMONIUM STEARATE, N° CAS : 1002-89-7, Stéarate d'ammonium, Nom INCI : AMMONIUM STEARATE. Nom chimique : Ammonium stearate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 213-695-2. Ammonium stéarate d'; Octadecanoic acid ammonium salt; Octadecanoic acid, ammonium salt; Sel d'ammonimum de l'acide octadécanoïque; Stearic acid ammoniumsalt; Stéarate d'ammonium, Noms anglais : Ammonium stearate; Stearic acid, ammonium salt. Utilisation : Fabrication de cosmétiques et de matériaux de construction. Additif alimentaire : E571. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. 1002-89-7; ammonium octadecanoate; azanium;octadecanoate 213-695-2 [EINECS] Acide octadécanoïque, ammoniate Ammonium Stearate Octadecanoic acid ammoniate Octadecanoic acid, ammonium salt Octadecansäureammoniat [German] [1002-89-7] ammonium octadecanoate ammonium stearate AMMONIUM STEARATE|AMMONIUM OCTADECANOATE Ammoniumstearate azanium and octadecanoate azanium octadecanoate Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride STEARIC ACID AMINE Stearic acid, ammonium salt
Stéarate d'ammonium
Inci : butyl stearate, Cas : 85408-76-0 / 123-95-5 , EC : 287-039-9 / 204-666-5 & 203-829-8, Butyl stéarate, Octadecanoate de butyle, Formule brute C22H44O2,Masse moléculaire (M) 340,60 g/mol, Densité (D) 0,86 g/cm³, BUTYL STEARATE, N° CAS : 123-95-5, Nom chimique : Butyl stearate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-666-5, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. butyl hexadecanoate butyl octadecanoate; Butyl stearate ; Fatty acids C16-18 (even numbered) ester with alcohol C4 (1-Butanol) ;Fatty Acids, C16-18 (even numbered) butyl ester; n-butyl stearate
Stéarate de butyle
BUTYL STEARATE, N° CAS : 123-95-5, Nom INCI : BUTYL STEARATE, Nom chimique : Butyl stearate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-666-5, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Noms français : BUTYL OCTADECANOATE;BUTYL OCTADECYLATE;BUTYL STEARATE; N-BUTYL OCTADECANOATE; N-BUTYL STEARATE; OCTADECANOATE DE BUTYLE NORMAL; OCTADECANOIC ACID BUTYL ESTER;OCTADECANOIC ACID, BUTYL ESTER OCTADECYLATE DE BUTYLE; STEARATE DE BUTYLE; STEARATE DE BUTYLE NORMAL; STEARIC ACID, BUTYL ESTER. Utilisation : Agent plastifiant, additif alimentaire. Butyl stearate ;N-Butyl stearate; stearic acid, butyl ester; (4-anilino-1-naphthyl){bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]}methanol; butyl octadecanoate
STEARATE DE BUTYLE (Butyl stearate)
CALCIUM STEARATE, N° CAS : 1592-23-0, Nom INCI : CALCIUM STEARATE, Nom chimique : Calcium distearate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 216-472-8, Classification : Règlementé. Noms français :Calcium octadecanoate; Octadecanoic acid, calcium salt; Octadécanoate de calcium; Sel calcique de l'acide octadécanoïque; Sel calcique de l'acide stéarique; Sel dicalcique de l'acide; octadécanoïque; Sel dicalcique de l'acide stéarique; Stéarate de calcium. Noms anglais : Calcium stearate; Stearic acid, calcium salt. Commentaires: La préparation commerciale peut contenir du palmiate de calcium. Utilisation et sources d'émission Stabilisant, fabrication de cosmétiques; Calcium distearate; Octadecanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1); calcium dioctadecanoate; calcium :octadecanoate; Calcium bis(stearate) Calcium dioctadecanoate Calcium distearate Calcium octadecanoate Calcium stearate [JAN] [JP15] [NF] [Wiki] Calciumdioctadecanoat [German] Calstar [] Dioctadécanoate de calcium [French] MFCD00036390 [MDL number] MFCD03940293 Octadecanoic acid calcium salt OCTADECANOIC ACID, CALCIUM SALT Octadecanoic acid, calcium salt (2:1) [ACD/Index Name] stearic acid calcium salt Stearic acid, calcium salt (OCTADECANOYLOXY)CALCIO OCTADECANOATE Aquacal CALCIUM BIS(N-OCTADECANOATE) calcium bis(octadecanoate) Calcium Stearate (technical grade) Calcium stearate [JAN] Calcium Stearate FCC Kosher Calcium Stearate NF/FCC Calcium stearate, non-animal origin CALCIUM STEARATE|CALCIUM DIOCTADECANOATE calciumstearate
Stéarate de calcium ( CALCIUM STEARATE)
GLYCERYL STEARATE, N° CAS : 31566-31-1 - Stéarate de glycérole, Autres langues : Estearato de glicerilo, Gliceril stearato, Glycerylstearat. Nom INCI : GLYCERYL STEARATE. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 250-705-4/286-490-9. Classification : Tensioactif non ionique. Le stearate de glycérol est utilisé en tant qu'émulsifiant non ionique ou émollient dans les produits cosmétiques. Il est très employé dans les soins hydratants et on le retrouve aussi dans les soins capillaires pour ses propriétés antistatiques. C'est un dérivé d'huile de palme. Il est autorisé en bio.Ses fonctions (INCI). Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Noms français : GLYCEROL MONOOCTADECANOATE; GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE; GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE; Monostéarate de glycéryle; OCTADECANOIC ACID, MONOESTER WITH 1,2,3-PROPANETRIOL; STEARATE DE DIHYDROXY-2,3 PROPYLE; STEARIC ACID, MONOESTER WITH GLYCEROL; STEARIC MONOGLYCERIDE. Utilisation: Agent épaississant, fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propanyl stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name] 1,3-Dihydroxy-2-propanylstearat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl octadecanoate 1,3-Dihydroxypropan-2-yl stearate 1799576 1-Glyceryl stearate 250-705-4 [EINECS] 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl octadecanoate 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl stearate 2-Monostearin 2-Monostearoylglycerol 2-octadecanoylglycerol 2-stearoylglycerol 621-61-4 [RN] Glycerin monostearate Glycerol monostearate GLYCEROL STEARATE Glycerol β-monostearate GLYCERYL 2-STEARATE MFCD25974054 Octadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester [ACD/Index Name] Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol Stéarate de 1,3-dihydroxy-2-propanyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] β-Monostearin [2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl] octadecanoate 1,2,3-Propanetriol 2-octadecanoyl ester 119912-07-1 [RN] 1-Monoacylglyceride 1-Monoacylglycerol 2JT 2-octadecanoyloxy-propane-1,3-diol 2-Octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol 2-octadecanoyl-sn-glycerol 2-Stearoyl-glycerol 2-stearoyloxy-propane-1,3-diol 2-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol 31566-31-1 [RN] 593-29-3 [RN] b-Monoacylglycerol EINECS 209-786-1 glycerine monostearate Glycerol β-sterate Glycerol-β-monostearate glyceryl monostearate GLYCERYL STEARATE SE Monostearin namatsit octadecanoic acid [2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl] ester Octadecanoic acid, potassium salt Potassium n-octadecanoate potassium octadecanoate Potassium stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name] Potassium stearate, pure Steadan 300 stearic acid (2-hydroxy-1-methylol-ethyl) ester Stearic acid β-monoglyceride Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol Stearic Acid, Potassium Salt Stearin, 2-mono- UNII-230OU9XXE4 β-Glyceryl monostearate β-Monoacylglycerol β-Monostearin. Octadecanoic acid, monoester with 1,2,3-propanetriol Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol EC Inventory, 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl octadecanoate 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl stearate Glycerol monostearate; GMS Glyceryl Monostearate Glyceryl stearate GMS Stearic Acid, monoester with glycerol (glycerol monostearate) Trade names Dimodan Ekömul Flex Series GLYCERIN STEARATE Grindsted Kemester 150V Kemester 84 Vegetable Kemester 84V Kemester MST MASESTER GMS 40-NSE MASESTER GMS 50 MASESTER GMS 60
Stéarate de glycérol ( GLYCERYL MONOSTEARATE) Glycerol monostearate
Le Stéarate de Glycérol AE aide à former des émulsions en réduisant la tension superficielle des substances à émulsionner.Comparativement au Stéarate de Glycérol, le Stéarate de Glycérol AE ne nécessite pas de co-émulsifiant pour obtenir une formule stable. Toutefois, vous pouvez employer un co-émulsifiant ou un épaississant tel un alcool gras ou une gomme pour renforcer la stabilité de votre formule, notez cependant que l'émulsion continue d'épaissir quelques heures après formulation.Le Stéarate de Glycérol AE convient aux peaux mixtes, grasses et déshydratées. Applications:Crèmes, lotions, Beurres et crèmes corporels shampoing, après-shampoing, "leave in" gels, soins nettoyants pour la peau, produits capillaires. maquillage, fond de teint, mascara, eye line, ombre à paupières...Produits solaires. Aspect: poudre blanche avec une odeur légère. Synonyme : Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol; 1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl octadecanoate 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate; 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl stearate; Glycerol monostearate; GMS; Glyceryl Monostearate; Glyceryl stearate; GMS; Stearic Acid, monoester with glycerol (glycerol monostearate); GLYCERIN STEARATE; Kemester Dosage : 6 à 8%, en phase huileuse. HLB: 5.8 Classé comme anionique. Fourchette de pH à respecter: 4.5 à 9.0, évitez les agents chélateurs, acides et cationiques. Point de Fusion: 56 à 60°C Solubilité dans l'eau : Insoluble. Soluble dan l'eau chaude, huiles, solvants organiques. Autres données : Forme une émulsion en présence de l'eau. Dispersants de pigments. INCI: glyceryl stearate SE (ou AE = auto-émulsionnant)
Stéarate de Glycérol AE ( AE = auto-émulsionnant)
MAGNESIUM STEARATE. N° CAS : 557-04-0 - Stéarate de magnésium. Autres langues : Estearato de magnesio, Magnesiumstearat, Stearato di magnesio. Nom INCI : MAGNESIUM STEARATE, Nom chimique : Magnesium distearate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 209-150-3. Additif alimentaire : E572. Ses fonctions (INCI). Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure. Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques. Colorant cosmétique : Colore les cosmétiques et/ou confère une couleur à la peau. Hydratant : Augmente la teneur en eau de la peau et aide à la maintenir douce et lisse. Dibasic magnesium stearate; Magnesium distearate; Magnesium distearate, pure; Magnesium octadecanoate; Magnesium stearate; NS-M (salt); Octadecanoic acid, magnesium salt; Octadecanoic acid, magnesium salt (2:1); Petrac MG 20NF; SM 1000; SM-P; Stearic acid, magnesium salt; Synpro 90; Synpro Magnesium Stearate 90; magnesium dioctadecanoate; magnesium(2+) dioctadecanoate; magnesium(2+) ion bis(octadecanoate) ; Magnesium(II) Stearate; magnesium;octadecanoate; Magnézium-sztearát; 209-150-3 [EINECS]; 3919702 [Beilstein]; 557-04-0 [RN]; 70097M6I30; Dibasic magnesium stearate; Dioctadécanoate de magnésium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name];Magnesium dioctadecanoate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; MAGNESIUM OCTADECANOATE; Magnesium stearate; Magnesiumdioctadecanoat ; MFCD00036391 [MDL number]; OCTADECANOIC ACID MAGNESIUM SALT; Octadecanoic acid, magnesium salt; Octadecanoic acid, magnesium salt ; stearic acid magnesium salt; Stearic acid, magnesium salt; synpro 90; Synpro Magnesium Stearate 90; WI4390000; (OCTADECANOYLOXY)MAGNESIO OCTADECANOATE; [557-04-0]; 212132-26-8 [RN]; EINECS 209-150-3; magnesium distearate; Magnesium Stearate NF; Magnesium Stearate NF EP FCC ; Magnesium stearate, EP, USP grade; MAGNESIUM(2+) DIOCTADECANOATE; MAGNESIUM(2+) ION BIS(N-OCTADECANOATE); magnesium(2+) ion bis(octadecanoate); Magnesium(II) Stearate; magnesiumstearate; Petrac MG 20NF; SM-P; 硬脂酸镁 [Chinese]
Stéarate de magnésium ( MAGNESIUM STEARATE)
Octadecanoic acid, potassium salt; potassium octadecanoate ; potassium;octadecanoate; POTASSIUM STEARATE, N° CAS : 593-29-3 - Stéarate de potassium, Origine(s) : Végétale, Synthétique. Nom INCI : POTASSIUM STEARATE. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 209-786-1. Classification : Tensioactif anionique. Le stéarate de potassium est un sel de potassium de l'acide stéarique. C'est en fait un savon obtenu par saponification (avec de la potasse) d'huiles végétales. On le trouve dans certains produits de bains, mousses à raser ou soin capillaire, mais finalement assez peu dans les cosmétiques. Il est autorisé en bio.Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. 209-786-1 [EINECS] 593-29-3 [RN] Kaliumstearat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] Octadecanoic acid potassium salt Octadecanoic acid, potassium salt Octadecanoic acid, potassium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name] Potassium n-octadecanoate potassium octadecanoate Potassium stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name] Stéarate de potassium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] STEARIC ACID POTASSIUM SALT Stearic Acid, Potassium Salt [593-29-3] 352438-86-9 [RN] 352438-89-2 [RN] EINECS 209-786-1 MFCD00072385 OCTADECANOIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT-2,2-D2 OCTADECANOIC ACID, POTASSIUM SALT-D35 Potassium stearate (a mixture of stearate and palmitate) Potassium stearate (a mixture of stearate and palmitate), Technical grade Potassium stearate (mixture of stearate and palmitate) POTASSIUM STEARATE|POTASSIUM OCTADECANOATE Steadan 300 Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride
Stéarate de potassium ( POTASSIUM STEARATE)
synonyme : Stearate de MPG, Inci : propylene glycol stearate, Cas : 1323-39-3 ou 91031-35-5, EC : 215-354-3 ou 292-936-3, N° CAS : 1323-39-3 / 142-75-6, Mélange de mono et de diesters de l’acide stéarique et du propylène glycol, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale. Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques, EINECS/ELINCS : 215-354-3 / 205-557-5, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
Stéarate de propylène glycol
Stéarate de zinc, Cas : 91051-01-3, EC : 293-019-4, Le stéarate de zinc est surtout un très bon lubrifiant et anti-collant. Il est aussi hydrofugeant et gélifiant des huiles minérales /Propriétés : le Stéarate de Zinc se présente sous la forme de pastilles blanches aux multiples propriétés : Anti-adhérent : il est utilisé en industrie comme agent de démoulage pour la production de nombreux types d'objets en caoutchouc, en polyuréthane...Épaississant pour améliorer la texture : en cosmétique, il est utilisé comme agent de contrôle de la viscosité. Anti-agglomérant. Colorant blanc. Catalyseur de transfert de phase pour la saponification des graisses. Hydrophobe : ce solide blanc repousse l'eau. Le Stéarate de Zinc s'utilise dans divers domaines pour la fabrication de : produits en plastique, produits en caoutchouc, savons, détergents et produits d'entretien, papier et de carton, colles, polymères (comme additif). Zinc distearate, zinc octadecanoate, sel de zinc d'acides gras C16 - C18 : Numéro Cas : 557-05-1, Numéro CE : 209-151-9. Fatty acids, C16-18, zinc salts; Zinc pamitostearate; Fatty acids, C16-18 (even numbered), zinc salts; Fatty acids, C16-18, zinc saltsZinc distearateZinc Stearate; Fatty acids, C16-C18; Fatty Acids, C16-C18, zinc salts; zinc dioctadecanoate; Zinc dioctadecanoate and Zinc dihexadecanoate; Zinc distearate;Zinc Stearate; zinc;hexadecanoate;octadecanoate; Zinkdioctadecanoat; Zinkstearat; Zinc salts of fatty acids
Stéarate de zinc
STEARETH-1 Nom INCI : STEARETH-1 Classification : Composé éthoxylé Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
STEARETH 21

Steareth-21 is a compound belonging to the class of chemicals known as polyethylene glycols (PEG) that are derived from stearic acid.
Specifically, Steareth-21 is a polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol.
Steareth 21 is a surfactant and emulsifying agent commonly used in the formulation of cosmetic and personal care products.



APPLICATIONS


Steareth-21 finds extensive applications in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
Steareth 21 serves as a versatile ingredient in various formulations, contributing to the effectiveness and sensory characteristics of the end products.
Steareth 21 is often used as an emulsifying agent, enhancing the stability of creams, lotions, and emulsions.
Its nonionic nature makes it compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients, facilitating easy formulation.

The surfactant properties of Steareth-21 make it valuable in skincare products, where it aids in the dispersion of oils and contributes to a smooth texture upon application.
Its emulsifying capabilities extend to hair care products, such as shampoos and conditioners, improving the overall texture and manageability of hair.
Steareth-21 is appreciated for its mildness, making it suitable for formulations designed for sensitive skin.
Steareth 21 is often included in non-comedogenic formulations, catering to individuals with acne-prone skin.

Its incorporation in cleansing products enhances the emulsification and removal of dirt and oils during the cleansing process.
Due to its cost-effectiveness and efficacy, Steareth-21 is favored in the development of various cosmetic and personal care items.
Steareth 21 contributes to the moisturizing properties of skincare formulations, leaving the skin hydrated and supple.

In bath and body products, Steareth-21 enhances the spreadability and overall sensory experience.
Its use in hair care extends to styling products, where it aids in the uniform distribution of active ingredients.
Steareth-21's film-forming properties contribute to the retention of moisture on the skin's surface.

When used in combination with other surfactants, Steareth 21 can provide synergistic effects, optimizing the performance of formulations.
Steareth 21's stability over a range of pH levels expands its application possibilities in diverse formulations.
Its easy incorporation into formulations simplifies the manufacturing process for cosmetic products.

Steareth-21 is known to improve the rheological properties of formulations, influencing their thickness and consistency.
Its presence in sunscreen formulations aids in the even distribution of UV filters.
In antiperspirant and deodorant formulations, it assists in the dispersion of active ingredients.

Steareth 21's environmental considerations make it a suitable choice for formulations aiming for eco-friendly attributes.
Steareth-21's regulatory approval ensures its safe use in accordance with industry standards.
Its nonionic nature contributes to formulations that are more environmentally friendly.

Steareth 21's versatile applications span across skincare, hair care, bath and body products, and various cosmetic formulations.
Its incorporation in facial cleansers enhances the removal of makeup and impurities.
Steareth 21's synergy with other ingredients allows formulators to achieve specific performance characteristics in their products.
Steareth-21 plays a crucial role in the development of cosmetic and personal care items, contributing to their efficacy, stability, and sensory attributes.

Steareth-21 is frequently utilized in the production of facial cleansers, where its emulsifying properties enhance the removal of makeup and impurities from the skin.
Its incorporation in moisturizing creams contributes to the cream's stability and provides a silky texture upon application.

In anti-aging formulations, Steareth-21 aids in the dispersion of active ingredients, promoting even distribution for enhanced efficacy.
Shampoos containing Steareth-21 benefit from its emulsifying capabilities, ensuring uniform distribution of cleansing and conditioning agents.

Hair conditioners leverage Steareth-21 to improve the spreadability of conditioning agents, enhancing the overall softness and manageability of hair.
Steareth 21 is favored in the formulation of body lotions, where it contributes to the lotion's texture and assists in the absorption of moisturizing agents.
Steareth-21 is a valuable component in sunscreens, where it aids in the dispersion of UV filters for uniform protection against sun exposure.

In the creation of perfumed body mists, Steareth-21 assists in the even distribution of fragrance components, providing a consistent and pleasant scent.
Its use in baby care products, such as diaper creams, enhances the spreadability of protective formulations for gentle application on sensitive skin.

Steareth-21 is employed in the formulation of acne treatments, where its non-comedogenic properties make it suitable for products targeting blemish-prone skin.
Steareth 21's stability over various temperatures and environmental conditions makes it suitable for use in diverse geographical regions.

Steareth-21 contributes to the luxurious feel of high-end skincare products, providing a smooth and velvety texture to creams and serums.
Its application in hand creams enhances the product's moisturizing effects and ensures quick absorption without leaving a greasy residue.

Steareth-21 plays a role in the formulation of self-tanning products, aiding in the even distribution of tanning agents for a natural and streak-free tan.
In the development of color cosmetics, such as foundations and BB creams, Steareth-21 contributes to the products' texture and facilitates the blending of pigments.
Steareth-21 is found in aftershave lotions, where it helps in the even dispersion of soothing and moisturizing agents for post-shaving comfort.

Steareth 21 is utilized in the formulation of depilatory creams, ensuring the uniform spread of hair removal agents for effective results.
Steareth-21's nonionic nature makes it compatible with a variety of botanical extracts, enhancing the formulation of natural and organic skincare products.

In the creation of bubble baths and shower gels, Steareth-21 contributes to the formation of stable emulsions for a luxurious bathing experience.
Steareth-21's role in the formulation of exfoliating scrubs ensures the uniform distribution of exfoliating particles for effective skin renewal.
Steareth 21 is employed in the development of pre-shave oils, enhancing the glide of the razor for a smoother shaving experience.

Steareth-21's versatility allows its use in the formulation of both oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions, expanding its application possibilities.
Steareth 21's incorporation in night creams supports the skin's overnight regeneration process, providing hydration and nourishment.

Steareth-21's presence in lip balms assists in the even distribution of moisturizing agents, preventing chapping and dryness.
In the formulation of mattifying primers, Steareth-21 contributes to the product's texture, creating a smooth base for makeup application while controlling shine.

Steareth-21 is a key component in the formulation of tinted moisturizers, providing a lightweight and evenly distributed coverage for a natural look.
Its use in eye creams contributes to the smooth application of the product, aiding in the reduction of puffiness and dark circles.
Steareth 21 is employed in the creation of facial masks, enhancing the spreadability of active ingredients for a revitalizing skincare experience.

Steareth-21 is found in hair styling creams, where it helps distribute styling agents evenly for enhanced hold and manageability.
Its incorporation in body scrubs ensures uniform exfoliation, promoting smoother and softer skin texture.
Steareth-21 is utilized in the formulation of skin serums, enhancing the absorption of potent antioxidants and anti-aging ingredients.
In the creation of natural deodorants, Steareth-21 contributes to the formulation's texture and aids in the dispersion of odor-neutralizing agents.
Steareth 21 is present in foot creams, where it facilitates the even distribution of moisturizing ingredients for soft and refreshed feet.

Steareth-21 is utilized in the production of soothing balms, providing a smooth application for targeted relief of dry or irritated skin.
Its use in hand sanitizers contributes to the even spread of disinfecting agents for effective hand hygiene.

Steareth-21 is found in the formulation of skin primers, creating a smooth canvas for makeup application and extending the wear of cosmetics.
Its incorporation in gel-based skincare products ensures a lightweight and non-greasy feel upon application.
Steareth-21 plays a role in the formulation of skin cleansers, aiding in the emulsification and removal of impurities for a refreshed complexion.
Steareth 21 is used in the development of anti-cellulite creams, contributing to the even distribution of active ingredients for targeted results.

Steareth-21 is employed in the creation of skincare toners, enhancing the even absorption of toning agents for balanced and refreshed skin.
Its use in leave-in hair conditioners assists in the uniform distribution of conditioning agents, promoting detangling and manageability.

Steareth-21 is present in skincare ampoules, ensuring the effective delivery of concentrated serums for targeted skincare benefits.
Steareth 21 is utilized in the formulation of hand washes, contributing to the emulsification of cleansing agents for thorough hand hygiene.

Steareth-21 is found in the creation of sunless tanning lotions, aiding in the even distribution of tanning agents for a natural-looking tan.
Its use in shaving creams enhances the glide of the razor, reducing friction and irritation for a smoother shave.

Steareth-21 is employed in the formulation of skin-repair creams, aiding in the absorption of healing and regenerative ingredients.
Steareth 21 is utilized in the creation of lightweight body oils, providing a non-greasy and easily absorbed moisturizing experience.
Steareth-21 is found in the formulation of skin-firming creams, contributing to the smooth application of ingredients for improved skin elasticity.

Its use in scalp treatments assists in the even distribution of nourishing agents for a healthy and revitalized scalp.
Steareth-21 is present in the creation of makeup removers, facilitating the emulsification and removal of makeup for effective cleansing.



DESCRIPTION


Steareth-21 is a compound belonging to the class of chemicals known as polyethylene glycols (PEG) that are derived from stearic acid.
Specifically, Steareth-21 is a polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol.
Steareth 21 is a surfactant and emulsifying agent commonly used in the formulation of cosmetic and personal care products.

Steareth-21 is a polyethylene glycol ether derived from stearic acid and stearyl alcohol.
Steareth 21 functions as a surfactant, aiding in the dispersion of oils in water-based formulations.

Known for its excellent emulsifying properties, Steareth-21 helps blend oil and water components in cosmetic products.
Widely used in cosmetic formulations, it contributes to the texture and stability of creams, lotions, and emulsions.
Steareth-21 has a specific HLB value, making it suitable for creating stable emulsions with a specific oil-water ratio.

As a nonionic surfactant, it is less likely to interact with other ingredients in formulations.
Steareth 21 adds a smooth and silky texture to skincare products, enhancing their spreadability on the skin.
Steareth 21 exhibits good compatibility with various cosmetic ingredients, making it versatile in formulations.
Steareth 21 is generally considered mild and well-tolerated, making it suitable for sensitive skin formulations.

Being nonionic, it does not carry an electrical charge, contributing to its stability in formulations.
Steareth 21 contributes to the moisturizing effect of skincare products, leaving the skin feeling hydrated.
Steareth 21 is often used in non-comedogenic formulations, making it suitable for products designed for acne-prone skin.
Steareth 21 enhances the stability of emulsions, preventing them from separating over time.

Its versatility allows for easy formulation of various cosmetic and personal care products.
Steareth 21 improves the spreadability of creams and lotions on the skin, providing a pleasant application experience.
Steareth 21 is used in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners to improve texture and manageability.
Steareth 21 can contribute to the formation of a protective film on the skin, aiding in moisture retention.

Steareth 21 is often used in combination with other surfactants to achieve specific performance characteristics in formulations.
Steareth 21 maintains stability over a range of pH levels, contributing to the versatility of cosmetic formulations.
Steareth 21 contributes to the rheological properties of formulations, influencing their thickness and consistency.
Steareth 21 is included in cleansing products to improve the emulsification and removal of dirt and oils from the skin.

Steareth 21 is considered as a cost-effective ingredient in cosmetic formulations due to its efficacy and versatility.
Its nonionic nature may contribute to formulations that are more environmentally friendly.
Steareth 21 is generally recognized as safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products, meeting regulatory standards.
Versatile Applications: Its versatility allows for applications in various products, ranging from skincare and hair care to bath and body formulations.



FIRST AID


Skin Contact:

In case of skin irritation or redness, wash the affected area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, immediately flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Inhalation:

If there is accidental inhalation of dust or vapors, move the person to fresh air.
If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Ingestion:

Steareth-21 is not intended for ingestion, and accidental ingestion is unlikely due to its use in topical products.
In the rare event of ingestion, do not induce vomiting. Rinse the mouth with water and seek medical attention.


General Advice:

If irritation, redness, or any adverse reaction occurs, discontinue use of the product containing Steareth-21.
Consult a healthcare professional if there are concerns about specific allergies or sensitivities.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, when handling Steareth-21 in its pure form.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to minimize exposure to vapors or dust.

Avoid Skin Contact:
While Steareth-21 is generally considered safe for topical use, minimize direct skin contact to prevent potential irritation.
If contact occurs, wash the affected area with soap and water.

Prevent Inhalation:
Avoid inhaling vapors or dust. If working with powdered forms, use a dust mask to reduce the risk of inhalation.

Avoid Eye Contact:
Wear protective eyewear to prevent accidental splashes into the eyes.
In case of eye contact, flush eyes with plenty of water.

Proper Mixing:
When formulating products, follow recommended guidelines for mixing Steareth-21 with other ingredients.
Ensure compatibility with other components to maintain stability.

Temperature Control:
If working with heated formulations, control temperatures to avoid excessive heat, which may affect the stability of Steareth-21.

Equipment Cleaning:
Clean equipment thoroughly after use to prevent cross-contamination and ensure the purity of subsequent formulations.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Steareth-21 in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Recommended storage temperatures are often between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).

Airtight Containers:
Store Steareth-21 in airtight containers to prevent moisture absorption, which can affect its stability.

Keep Away from Incompatible Substances:
Avoid storing Steareth-21 near incompatible substances, such as strong acids or bases, to prevent chemical reactions that could compromise its properties.

Original Containers:
Ideally, store Steareth-21 in its original packaging to retain important labeling and safety information.
Ensure that containers are tightly sealed when not in use.

Separation Concerns:
If the product has separated due to storage conditions, gently mix or stir it to restore its homogeneity before use.

Check for Contamination:
Regularly inspect stored Steareth-21 for any signs of contamination, discoloration, or unusual odors.
If abnormalities are detected, consult the manufacturer.

Avoid Freezing:
While Steareth-21 is generally stable, freezing temperatures may alter its consistency.
Protect it from extreme cold conditions.

Keep Out of Reach of Children:
Store Steareth-21 in a secure location, out of reach of children, to prevent accidental ingestion or misuse.



SYNONYMS


Steareth-21
PEG-100 Stearate
Polyethylene Glycol (100) Stearate
Ethoxylated Stearyl Alcohol
Stearyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Ceteareth-21 (a related term, depending on the specific ethoxylation process)
Stearyl Alcohol PEG-100 Ether
Ceteareth-21
Ethoxylated Cetyl Alcohol
PEG Stearyl Ether
Cetyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
PEG-100 Stearyl Ether
Polyethylene Glycol Stearyl Ether
Cetearyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Stearyl Ether PEG-100
Stearyl PEG Ether
PEG-100 Cetyl Ether
Ethoxylated Fatty Alcohol
PEG Stearyl Alcohol
Cetyl Ether PEG-100
Stearyl Alcohol Polyethylene Glycol Ether
Cetyl Alcohol PEG Ether
Stearyl PEG-100 Ether
Ethoxylated Octadecanol
PEG-100 Octadecyl Ether
Polyethylene Glycol Cetyl Ether
Ethoxylated Octadecyl Alcohol
PEG-100 Octadecanol Ether
Octadecyl Ether PEG-100
PEG Octadecyl Ether
Cetyl Octadecyl Ether
Octadecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Ceteareth-21
PEG-21 Stearate
Polyethylene Glycol Stearyl Ether
Ethoxylated Octadecanol
Stearyl Alcohol PEG Ether
PEG-21 Stearyl Ether
Cetyl Stearyl Ether
Stearyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (21 EO)
PEG-21 Cetyl Ether
Ethoxylated Cetearyl Alcohol
Stearyl PEG Ether
Cetearyl Stearyl Ether
PEG-21 Cetearyl Ether
Stearyl Alcohol Polyethylene Glycol Ether
Cetyl Ether PEG-21
Cetearyl PEG-21 Ether
Polyethylene Glycol Cetearyl Ether
PEG-21 Octadecyl Ether
Octadecyl Alcohol PEG Ether
PEG-21 Octadecanol Ether
Octadecyl Ether PEG-21
Ethoxylated Octadecyl Alcohol
PEG-21 Octadecyl Stearate
Octadecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (21 EO)
Cetyl Octadecyl Ether 
 
 
STEARETH-1
STEARETH-10, N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic) / 13149-86-5, Nom INCI : STEARETH-10, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Agent de restauration lipidique : Restaure les lipides des cheveux ou des couches supérieures de la peau, Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Principaux synonymes Noms français :ether de polyéthylène glycol stéarylique. Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-10
SYNONYMS Steareth-10 Allyl Ether/Acrylates Copolymer is a copolymer of the allyl ether of Steareth-10 (q.v.) and one or more monomers consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid or one of their simple esters CAS NO:109292-17-3
STEARETH-10 ALLYL ETHER/ACRYLATES COPOLYMER
STEARETH-100; N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic); Nom INCI : STEARETH-100; Classification : Composé éthoxylé; Ses fonctions (INCI); Gélifiant : Donne la consistance d'un gel à une préparation liquide. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation; Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-100
STEARETH-11, N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic), Nom INCI : STEARETH-11, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI), Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-11
STEARETH-12, Nom INCI : STEARETH-12, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-12
STEARETH-2, N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic) / 16057-43-5, Nom INCI : STEARETH-2, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 500-017-8 / -, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile), Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-2
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- (2 mol EO average molar ratio); polyethylene glycol (2) stearyl ether; polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl alcohol ether; polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether cas no:9005-00-9
STEARETH-2
DESCRIPTION:
Steareth-2 is a surfactant.
Steareth-2 is a waxy compound mainly used as an emulsifier & surfactant in various cosmetic products.
Its Molecular Formula is C22H46O3 and Molecular Weight is 358.6.

CAS number.: 9005-00-9
EINECS/ELINCS No.: 500-017-8
Name / Description
α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)

SYNONYMS OF STEARETH-2:
Steareth-2,16057-43-5,2-(2-octadecoxyethoxy)ethanol,Lipocol S-2,Procol SA-2,Genapol HS 020,PEG-2 Stearyl ether,BRIJ s2,Ethanol, 2-[2-(octadecyloxy)ethoxy]-,V56DFE46J5,UNII-V56DFE46J5,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOOCTADECYL ETHER*,2-(2-(Octadecyloxy)ethoxy)ethan-1-ol,2-[2-(Octadecyloxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol,STEARETH-2 [II],STEARETH-2 [VANDF],SCHEMBL145703,n-octadecyloxyethoxyethyl alcohol,DTXSID90936344,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER,NS00095668,Q27291552




Steareth-2 is a white soft solid (2-mole ethoxylate of stearyl alcohol) auxiliary oil-in-water emulsifier with an HLB value of 4.9.
It is a multifunctional ingredient used in personal care applications as a nonionic surfactant, wetting agent, solubilizer, conditioner, and coupling agent.

Steareth-2 is soluble in alcohol and cottonseed oil and insoluble in water and propylene glycol.
It is helpful in emulsifying ceto-stearyl alcohols and all oil-in-water emulsions, including those containing up to 25% ethanol or high electrolyte concentrations.

Enabling cream and milk formulations, Steareth-2 exhibits low and high pH resistance and is compatible with oleosome- and phosphosome-containing formulations.
Combined with Steareth-21, it has better emulsifying performance and is used in many personal care applications, including sprayable products.

Steareth-2 is incorporated in various cosmetics and toiletries, such as cream rinses, conditioners, bath oils, creams, lotions, deodorants, antiperspirants, and shaving products.
Steareth-2 is a mild, virtually odorless, nonionic surfactant.
Steareth-2 is typically used at 0.5-5%.



FUNCTION(S) OF STEARETH-2 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS
SURFACTANT - EMULSIFIER
Mixes the aqueous and oily phases of a formula to create an emulsion
SURFACTANT - CLEANER
Moistens the skin surface, emulsifies or makes oils soluble and suspends impurities (generally, these ingredients contribute to the foaming properties of cleansers).


Emulsifying agent:
Steareth-2 Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
Surfactant:
Steareth-2 Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the uniform distribution of the product during use.

ORIGIN OF STEARETH-2:
Steareth-2 is polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid.
Its ingredients are prepared by interacting with the chemical intermediate gas ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol, a process which forms an entirely new stable compound.
The number that comes after (for instance, 2) indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units used in the preparation.






Steareth-2 is a surfactant.
Steareth-2 is a waxy compound mainly used as an emulsifier & surfactant in various cosmetic products.
Its Molecular Formula is C22H46O3 and Molecular Weight is 358.6.

USES OF STEARETH-2
In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth-2 primarily functions as an emulsifier to help water and oil-based ingredients stay together so that an emulsion is formed.
Steareth-2 is used in the formulation of personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair products.

Skin care:
Steareth-2 is used as an emulsifier & surfactant in products such as moisturizer, daily cream with SPF, mascara, foundation, facial moisturizer/treatment, hand cream, sunless tanning, mask, brow liner, antiperspirant/deodorant, recreational sunscreen, facial cleanser, around-eye cream, body firming lotion, serums & essences, foot moisturizer, makeup primer, eye liner, anti-aging, after shave, antiperspirant/deodorant (men's), foot odour control, exfoliant/scrub, BB cream, bronzer/highlighter, baby oil, styling mousse/foam, detangler, skin fading/lightener, eye makeup remover, concealer, foot cleansing, lip balm, damaged skin treatment.

Hair care:
Steareth-2 is used as an emulsifier & surfactant in products such as hair styling aide, hair treatment/serum, Conditioner, styling gel/lotion, shampoo.






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STEARETH-2:
CAS Number 9005-00-9 (Generic) / 16057-43-5
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-(2-octadecoxyethoxy)ethanol
EINECS/ELINCS No: 605-213-8
COSING REF No: 78990
Boiling Point 455.7±20.0°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point 229.4±21.8°C
Index of Refraction 1.455
Vapor Pressure 0.0±2.5 mmHg at 25°C
Density 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Inci name
Steareth-2
French name
Steareth-2
CAS number.
9005-00-9 (Generic) / 16057-43-5
EC number.
500-017-8 / -
Other appellations
Steareth-2
Origins
Synthetic
Animal
CosIng functions
Emulsifying Agent
Surfactant
Molecular Weight
358.6 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3
8.2
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
22
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
358.34469533 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
358.34469533 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
38.7Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
25
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
221
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT STEARETH-2:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.
STEARETH-2
Steareth-2's molecular formula is C22H46O3 and its molecular weight is 358.6 g/mol.
Steareth-2 is a white waxy solid.
Steareth-2 is a surfactant composed of polyethylene glycol polymer and stearyl alcohol.


CAS Number: 9005-00-9 (Generic) / 16057-43-5
EC Number: 605-213-8 / 500-017-8
Molecular Formula: C22H46O3
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-(2-octadecoxyethoxy)ethanol


Steareth-2 is a surfactant.
Steareth-2 is a waxy compound mainly used as an emulsifier & surfactant in various cosmetic products.
Steareth-2's Molecular Formula is C22H46O3 and Molecular Weight is 358.6.


Steareth-2 is a waxy compound that primarily functions as an emulsifier to help water and oil-based ingredients stay together so that an emulsion is formed.
Steareth-2 is polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid.
Steareth-2 is a waxy compound and when added to cosmetics and personal care products, the Steareth ingredients reduce the interactive forces between solids and liquids so that an emulsion is formed.


If an ingredient such as a Steareth is not added to some personal care products, the ingredients in the product would separate like some salad dressings.
The number after the word Steareth indicates the degree of liquidity from 4 (thin) to 100 (solid).
Steareth-2 is a surfactant.


Steareth-2 is polyethylene glycol ethers of stearci acid.
Steareth-2 is a waxy compound.
Steareth-2 acts as solid non-ionic O/W emulsifier.


Steareth-2 is a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with non-ionic character.
Steareth-2's saponification value 2.0 maximum.
Steareth-2's recommended use level 1-5%.


Steareth-2 is a surfactant that is made from stearyl alcohol and ethylene oxide.
Steareth-2 is a substance that is not allowed in natural or BIO certified cosmetics.
Steareth-2 is a synthetic irritant, more precisely an ethoxylated compound composed of polyethylene glycol polymer and stearyl alcohol.


Steareth-2 occurs in the form of a light waxy substance, soluble in alcohol, but not in water.
In the cosmetics industry, Steareth-2 functions as an emulsifier, surfactant and surface-active agent, in addition to reducing surface tension and improving the mutual bonds of ingredients in the product.


Steareth-2 is a surfactant that is made from stearyl alcohol and ethylene oxide.
Steareth-2 belongs to the so-called ethoxylated compounds, which are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are available in a wide range of molecular weights.
During the reaction, the by-product 1,4-dioxane is formed.


These two substances (ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane), which are known to have carcinogenic effects, are common contaminants of ethoxylated compounds.
If ethoxylated compounds are used as a cosmetic raw material, the concentration of these contaminants must be reduced to the "permissible level".
Ethoxylated compounds are not accepted in certified natural and BIO cosmetics.


If an ingredient such as this is absent from certain skin care formulations, the solution would separate (sort of like what you see with certain oil-based salad dressings).
Steareth-2 is often combined with other steareth ingredients, such as steareth-21, since this combination provides an elevated sensory experience.


In 2012, the independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel ruled that steareth-2 is safe as used in cosmetics in amounts up to 10%.
There have been concerns about the safety of steareth ingredients because toxic 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of ethoxylation, can be produced; however, this is eliminated through purification processes.


Steareth-2 is polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid.
Steareth-2's ingredients are prepared by interacting with the chemical intermediate gas ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol, a process which forms an entirely new stable compound.


The number that comes after (for instance, 2) indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units used in the preparation.
Steareth-2 is a waxy compound that primarily functions as an emulsifier to help water and oil-based ingredients stay together so that an emulsion is formed.
If an ingredient such as this is absent from certain skin care formulations, the solution would separate (sort of like what you see with certain oil-based salad dressings).


Steareth-2 is often combined with other steareth ingredients, such as steareth-21, since this combination provides an elevated sensory experience.
Steareth-2 is a surfactant composed of polyethylene glycol polymer and stearyl alcohol.
Steareth-2 is a non-ionic emulsifier for various O/ W skin care emulsions, especially suitable for O/ W anti-perspirant roll-ons


Steareth-2 is a useful research compound.
The purity of Steareth-2 is usually 95%.
The exact mass of the compound Steareth-2 is unknown and the complexity rating of the compound is unknown.


Steareth-2 is a non-ionic emulsifier for various O/ W skin care emulsions, especially suitable for O/ W anti-perspirant roll-ons.
Steareth-2's molecular formula is C22H46O3 and its molecular weight is 358.6 g/mol.
Steareth-2 is polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid.


A waxy compound and when added to cosmetics and personal care products, the Steareth ingredients reduce the interactive forces between solids and liquids so that an emulsion is formed.
If an ingredient such as a Steareth is not added to some personal care products, the ingredients in the product would separate like some salad dressings.


The number after the word Steareth indicates the degree of liquidity from 4 (thin) to 100 (solid).
This Steareth-2 MarketResearch Report offers a thorough examination and insights into the market's size, shares, revenues, various segments, drivers, trends, growth, and development, as well as its limiting factors and local industrial presence.


A thorough understanding of the Chemical and Material sector and its commercial potential is the aim of the market study.
Steareth ingredients are prepared by interacting with the chemical intermediate gas ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol, a process which forms an entirely new stable compound.


The number that comes after indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units used in the preparation.
The Steareth ingredients (Steareth-2, Steareth-4, Steareth-6, Steareth-7, Steareth-10, Steareth-11, Steareth-13, Steareth-15, Steareth-20) are polyethylene glycol ethers of stearci acid.


They are waxy compounds. In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth ingredients are used in the formulation of personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair products.
The Steareths are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol where the numerical value in the name corresponds to the average number of units of ethylene oxide.
For example, Steareth-2 is prepared using an average of 2 units of ethylene oxide reacted with stearyl alcohol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARETH-2:
Steareth-2 is a waxy compound that primarily functions as an emulsifier to help water and oil-based ingredients stay together so that an emulsion is formed.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth-2 primarily functions as an emulsifier to help water and oil-based ingredients stay together so that an emulsion is formed.


Steareth-2 is used in the formulation of personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair products.
Steareth-2 is a waxy solid material that helps oil and water to mix together, aka emulsifier.
Steareth-2 is derived from the fatty alcohol, stearyl alcohol by ethoxylating it and thus making the molecule a little water-soluble.


Steareth-2 has only a small amount of ethoxylation and thus the molecule is still largely oil soluble.
Steareth-2 is often mixed with more water-soluble emulsifiers (such as Steareth-20) to create stable emulsion systems.


Steareth-2 is a PEG ether of stearyl alcohol Steareth-2 uses and applications include: Intermediate in the manufacturing of high-foaming surfactants; emulsifier, detergent, dispersant, wetting agent for pulppaper, textiles, paints, adhesives, corrosion inhibitors, petrol. oils; surfactant, emulsifier in topical pharmaceuticals, cosmetics; thickener; emollient; solubilizer, coupling agent; stabilizer


In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth ingredients are used in the formulation of personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair products.
Due to Steareth-2's special characteristics, good electrolyte resistance and good texture, not sticky.
Steareth-2 Emulsifier is commonly used in underarm products.


Usage of Steareth-2: As a binder, cream (emulsifier) or thickener in creams, lotions, serums or gels.
Steareth-2 is used for external use only.
Steareth-2 is used emulsions for skin and hair care products.
Steareth-2 is used in skin care.


-Skin care:
Steareth-2 is used as an emulsifier & surfactant in products such as moisturizer, daily cream with SPF, mascara, foundation, facial moisturizer/treatment, hand cream, sunless tanning, mask, brow liner, antiperspirant/deodorant, recreational sunscreen, facial cleanser, around-eye cream, body firming lotion, serums & essences, foot moisturizer, makeup primer, eye liner, anti-aging, after shave, antiperspirant/deodorant (men's), foot odour control, exfoliant/scrub, BB cream, bronzer/highlighter, baby oil, styling mousse/foam, detangler, skin fading/lightener, eye makeup remover, concealer, foot cleansing, lip balm, damaged skin treatment.
Steareth-2 occurs in the form of a waxy, white to slightly yellow substance.
Steareth-2 works as a non-ionic surfactant.
You can find Steareth-2 in hair dyes, deodorants, creams, mascaras, sunscreens, bath foams, shower gels and shampoos.


-Hair care:
Steareth-2 is used as an emulsifier & surfactant in products such as hair styling aide, hair treatment/serum, Conditioner, styling gel/lotion, shampoo.


-Commercial use of Steareth-2:
*Hair dyes
*Shampoos
*Deodorants
*Mascara
*Tanning products
*Shower gels



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-2 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFIER:
Allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)
*SURFACTANT - CLEANER:
Surfactant for cleaning the skin, hair and/or teeth.



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-2:
Steareth-2 is an emulsifier for cosmetic W/O and co-emulsifier for O/W emulsions.
Steareth-2 is suitable for skin creams and lotions, deodorant/antiperspirant sprays and roll-ons in combination with Steareth-2 or Steareth-21.
Steareth-2 has stable emulsions over a wide pH range.



CLASS OF STEARETH-2:
*Corrosion Inhibitors
*Surfactants



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-2:
*Surfactant
*Emulsifier
*Dispersant
*Stabilizer



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-2:
*Emulsifying agent:
Steareth-2 promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Surfactant:
Steareth-2 reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use



STEARETH-2 AT A GLANCE:
*Waxy compound that is a derivative of stearyl alcohol (which is a non-irritating fatty alcohol)
*Primarily functions as an emulsifier to help water and oil-based ingredients stay blended
*Often combined with steareth-21 to improve a product’s sensory attributes
*Deemed safe by the independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel
Steareth-2 description



INDUSTRY OF STEARETH-2:
*Cosmetic
*Pharmaceutical
*Textiles
*Adhesives
*Detergent



WHAT DOES STEARETH-2 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



WHY IS STEARETH-2 USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
When added to cosmetics and personal care products, the Steareth ingredients reduce the interactive forces between molecules of other liquids so that an emulsion is formed.
If an ingredient such as a Steareth is not added to some personal care products, the ingredients in the product would separate like some salad dressings.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARETH-2:
Molecular Weight: 358.6
XLogP3: 8.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 22
Exact Mass: 358.34469533
Monoisotopic Mass: 358.34469533
Topological Polar Surface Area: 38.7 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 25
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 221
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS RN: 16057-43-5
Product Name: Steareth-2
Molecular Formula: C22H46O3
Molecular Weight: 358.6 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 2-(2-octadecoxyethoxy)ethanol
InChI: InChI=1S/C22H46O3/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-19-24-21-22-25-20-18-23/h23H,2-22H2,1H3
InChI Key: ILCOCZBHMDEIAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Other CAS RN: 16057-43-5



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARETH-2:
-Description of first aid measures:
*Contact with eyes:
Remove contact lenses, if present.
Wash immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, opening the eyelids fully.
*Contact with skin:
Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash immediately with plenty of water.
*Ingestion:
Get medical advice/attention.
*Inhalation:
Remove to open air.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No information available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARETH-2:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not allow to escape into ground, drains, sewage system, surface or ground waters.
-Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:
Make sure the leakage site is well aired.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARETH-2:
-Extinguishing media
*Suitable extinguishing media:
The extinguishing equipment should be of the conventional kind:
carbon dioxide,
foam,
powder and water spray.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media: None in particular.
-Advice for firefighters
*General information:
Use jets of water to cool the containers to prevent product decomposition and the development of substances potentially hazardous for health.
Always wear full fire prevention gear.
Collect extinguishing water to prevent it from draining into the sewer system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARETH-2:
-Control parameters:
No information available
-Exposure controls:
Provide an emergency shower with face and eye wash station.
*Hand protection:
Work glove material must be chosen according to the use process and the products that may form.
*Skin protection:
Wear category I professional long-sleeved overalls and safety footwear.
Wash body with soap and water after removing protective clothing.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARETH-2:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Before handling the product, consult all the other sections of this material safety data sheet.
Do not eat, drink or smoke during use.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store only in the original container



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARETH-2:
-Reactivity:
Stable under normal conditions.
-Chemical stability:
Stable under normal temperature conditions and recommended use.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated.
-Conditions to avoid:
None in particular.
-Incompatible materials:
No information available
-Hazardous decomposition products:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Steareth-2
2-(2-octadecoxyethoxy)ethanol
16057-43-5
Lipocol S-2
Procol SA-2
Genapol HS 020
PEG-2 Stearyl ether
BRIJ s2
V56DFE46J5
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOOCTADECYL ETHER*
Brij-72
STEARETH-2 [II]
STEARETH-2 [INCI]
UNII-V56DFE46J5
STEARETH-2 [VANDF]
SCHEMBL145703
n-octadecyloxyethoxyethyl alcohol
DTXSID90936344
DIETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER
2-[2-(Octadecyloxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol
Ethanol, 2-[2-(octadecyloxy)ethoxy]-
Q27291552
Brij S2-SO
Brij 72
Unijet 72
Polyoxyethylene ( 2 ) Stearyl Ether
Ethoxylated Dodecyl Alcohol
Ethoxylated Stearyl Alcohol
Steareth-2
PEG-2 stearyl ether
PEG 100 stearyl ether
POE (2) stearyl ether
Ethanol, 2-(2-(octadecyloxy)ethoxy)-
2-(2-(Octadecyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol
3,6,9,12,15,18,21-Heptaoxanonatriacontan-1-ol
Octadecyl polyoxyethylene ether
PEG-100 Stearyl ether
PEG-11 Stearyl ether
PEG-13 Stearyl ether
PEG-14 Stearyl ether
PEG-15 Stearyl ether
PEG-16 Stearyl ether
PEG-2 Stearyl ether
PEG-20 Stearyl ether
PEG-21 Stearyl ether
PEG-25 Stearyl ether
PEG-27 Stearyl ether
PEG-30 Stearyl ether
PEG-40 Stearyl ether
PEG-50 Stearyl ether
PEG-7 Stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (100) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (11) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (13) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (14) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (15) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (16) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (21) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (25) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (27) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (30) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (50) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (7) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol 1000 stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol 2000 stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (11) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (13) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (14) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (15) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (16) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (20) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (21) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (25) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (27) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (30) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (50) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (7) stearyl ether
Steareth-100
Steareth-11
Steareth-13
Steareth-14
Steareth-15
Steareth-16
Steareth-2
Steareth-20
Steareth-21
Steareth-25
Steareth-27
Steareth-30
Steareth-40
Steareth-50
Steareth-7
Polyethylene glycol monostearyl ether
Polyoxyethylated stearyl alcohol
Stearyl alcohol EO (10)
Stearyl alcohol EO (20)
Stearyl alcohol ethylene oxide (2)
Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated
Stereal alcohol EO (2)
UNII-36ALR4705B
UNII-L0Q8IK9E08
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-
Stearyl alcohol condensed with 20 moles ethylene oxide
Stearyl alcohol condensed with l0 moles ethylene oxide
Stearyl alcohol, condensed with 2 moles ethylene oxide
Polyoxyethylene monooctadecyl ether
2-(octadecyloxy)ethanol
[2-(octadecyloxy)ethyl]oxidanyl
Brij(R) 76



STEARETH-20
Steareth-20 is a synthetic polymer derived from ethoxylation.
Steareth-20 is obtained from stearic acid and the number 20 denotes the average number of repeating ethylene glycol units.
Steareth-20 is one of the most researched and reviewed ingredients.


CAS Number: 9005-00-9 / 2136-72-3 / 69980-69-4
EINECS/ELINCS No: 500-017-8 / 218-374-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-octadecoxyethanol
Categories: Cleansing Agent, pH Adjuster/Stabilizer
Chemical Formula: C20H42O2


Steareth-20 is a synthetic ingredient that functions as a cleansing agent, a surfactant, and an emulsifier in a variety of cosmetics and skincare products.
Steareth-20 is one of the most researched and reviewed ingredients.
Steareth-20 is used synthetic polymer.


Steareth-20 is produced from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and stearyl alcohol.
Steareth-20 is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearyl alcohol.
Due to the presence of PEG, Steareth-20 may contain potentially toxic manufacturing impurities such as 1,4-dioxane.


Steareth-20 is a derivative of the benign fatty ingredient stearyl alcohol.
Steareth-20 is the INCI name for a cosmetic ingredient that is a nonionic surfactant.
Steareth-20's chemical structure is derived from the family of ethoxylated fatty alcohols.


Chemically, Steareth-20 is a mixture of ethoxylated cetyl and stearic alcohols with 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
Stearic alcohol is most commonly derived from plant sources, and Steareth-20 is a completely vegan ingredient that does not contain any ingredients of animal origin.


Since Steareth-20 complies with the quality requirements of the pharmacy code published in the European Pharmacopoeia, the product is classified in the Macrogol Cetostearyl Ether group.
Steareth-20 is a valuable ingredient, a washing agent that removes impurities from both hair and skin.



Steareth-20 is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearyl alcohol.
Or Steareth-20 can be combined with more oil-loving emulsifiers (such as Steareth-20's sister, Steareth-2) to create stable emulsions.
Steareth-20 is a synthetic ingredient that functions as a cleansing agent, a surfactant, and an emulsifier in a variety of cosmetics and skincare products.


Steareth-20 is a synthetic polymer.
Steareth-20 is produced from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and stearyl alcohol
Steareth-20 helps keep ingredients together in an emulsion.


Steareth-20 is deemed safe as used in cosmetics.
The independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel has ruled that steareth-20 is safe as used in cosmetics in amounts up to 25%.
The Steareth ingredients (Steareth-2, Steareth-4, Steareth-6, Steareth-7, Steareth-10, Steareth-11, Steareth-13, Steareth-15, Steareth-20) are polyethylene glycol ethers of stearci acid.


Steareth-20 functions as both an emollient and an emulsifier, which essentially means Steareth-20 is able to thicken personal care products and help the different ingredients stay together.
Steareth-20 is a surfactant that is made from stearyl alcohol and ethylene oxide.


Steareth-20 belongs to the so-called ethoxylated compounds, which are prepared by polymerization of ethylene oxide and are available in a wide range of molecular weights. During the reaction, the by-product 1,4-dioxane is formed.
Polyethylene glycols (INCI: PEG-...) are polycondensation products of ethylene glycol or polymerisation products of ethylene oxide.


A waxy solid material, Steareth-20, that helps oil and water to mix together, aka emulsifier.
Steareth-20 is derived from the fatty alcohol called stearyl alcohol by ethoxylating it and thus making the molecule more water-soluble.
Steareth-20 occurs in the form of a waxy, white to slightly yellow substance.


Steareth-20 works as a non-ionic surfactant.
Steareth-20, This is a Polyethoxylated Alcohol, which is a fatty alcohol derived from natural oils and fats and is known by it's INCI name, Steareth-20.
Steareth-20 is a white-ish waxy solid that's water dispersible.


Steareth-20 is an oil-in-water emulsifier.
Steareth-20 is a synthetic polymer derived from ethoxylation.
Steareth-20 is obtained from stearic acid and the number 20 denotes the average number of repeating ethylene glycol units.


Steareth-20 is derived from the benign fatty ingredient stearyl alcohol.
Steareth-20 is a derivative of the benign fatty ingredient stearyl alcohol.
Steareth ingredients may be animal-derived or synthetic.


They are prepared by interacting with the chemical intermediate gas ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol, a process which forms an entirely new stable compound.
The steareth ingredients are waxy solids that can be used in cosmetics at concentrations of up to 25 percent.
Steareth-20 is a synthetic ingredient that functions as a cleansing agent, a surfactant, and an emulsifier to improve the texture and feel of formulations.


Steareth-20 works well with most ingredients.
A synthetic polymer *Produced from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and stearyl alcohol.
Derivative of fatty alcohol stearyl alcohol.


Steareth-20 is used functions as a surfactant and stabilizer.
A type of Polyethylene glycol (ether) made from Stearyl alcohol used for cleansing, slight conditioning, as well as keeping a product from separating into its oil and water components.


The number that comes after (for instance, 20) indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units used in the preparation.
There have been concerns about the safety of steareth ingredients because toxic 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of ethoxylation, can be produced; however, this is eliminated through purification processes.
The end result is a mostly water-loving emulsifier, also called solubilizer that can help to dissolve small amounts of oil-loving ingredients into water-based products.


A simple and effective emulsifier for a light emulsion, the texture of which will depend on the thickness of the oils themselves.
Steareth-20 is a synthetic ingredient that acts as a detergent, a surfactant and as an emulsifier to improve the consistency of the formulas.
The group of steareth ingredients are synthetic compounds that are created through a process known as ethoxylation, a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide is added to a substrate.


With steareth-20, the substrate is stearyl alcohol, a fatty alcohol that is derived from stearic acid.
The number associated with the steareth-20 indicates the average number of repeating ethylene oxide units in the molecule.
The Steareths are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol where the numerical value in the name corresponds to the average number of units of ethylene oxide.


For example, Steareth-2 is prepared using an average of 2 units of ethylene oxide reacted with stearyl alcohol.
Steareth-20 is prepared from cetyl-stearyl alcohol and 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
Provides exceptionally stable emulsions when used in combination with another emulsifier such as glyceryl stearate.


Steareth-20 is soluble in water and isopropyl alcohol.
Steareth-20 has an HLB value of 15.3.


HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance) is an empirical expression for the relationship between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups of a surfactant.
HLB greater than 10 means that the substance is soluble in water.
Steareth-20 also acts as an emulsifier.
Steareth-20, An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil components, such as when oils are added to a water-based formula.


The group of steareth ingredients are synthetic compounds that are created through a process known as ethoxylation, a chemical reaction in which ethylene oxide is added to a substrate.
With steareth-20, the substrate is stearyl alcohol, a fatty alcohol that is derived from stearic acid.


The number associated with the steareth-20 indicates the average number of repeating ethylene oxide units in the molecule.
The steareth ingredients are waxy solids that can be used in cosmetics at concentrations of up to 25 percent.
The Steareths are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol where the numerical value in the name corresponds to the average number of units of ethylene oxide.


For example, Steareth-2 is prepared using an average of 2 units of ethylene oxide reacted with stearyl alcohol.
The Steareth ingredients (Steareth-2, Steareth-4, Steareth-6, Steareth-7, Steareth-10, Steareth-11, Steareth-13, Steareth-15, Steareth-20) are polyethylene glycol ethers of stearci acid.
They are waxy compounds.


Steareth ingredients may be animal-derived or synthetic.
They are prepared by interacting with the chemical intermediate gas ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol, a process which forms an entirely new stable compound.
The number that comes after (for instance, 20) indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units used in the preparation.


There have been concerns about the safety of steareth ingredients because toxic 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of ethoxylation, can be produced; however, this is eliminated through purification processes.
Polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid make up the Steareth ingredients (Steareth-2, Steareth-4, Steareth-6, Steareth-7, Steareth-10, Steareth-11, Steareth-13,


Steareth-15, and Steareth-20). Steareth-20 primarily functions as a surfactant and emulsifier in cosmetic products and is generally available as a waxy, solid material.
It can be used in the creation of personal hygiene products, deodorants, fragrances, skin, eye, and hair products.
Steareth ingredients may be animal-derived or synthetic.


They are prepared by interacting with the chemical intermediate gas ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol, a process which forms an entirely new stable compound.
The number that comes after (for instance, 20) indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units used in the preparation.
There have been concerns about the safety of steareth ingredients because toxic 1,4-dioxane, a by-product of ethoxylation, can be produced; however, this is eliminated through purification processes.


The independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel has ruled that steareth-20 is safe as used in cosmetics in amounts up to 25%.
The number attached to the name indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units in the substance.
The consistency of the PEG derivatives becomes increasingly firm as the degree of polymerization increases.


PEGs with an average molar mass of up to 600 g/mol are liquid, up to 1000 g/mol are waxy and from 4000 g/mol are solid, waxy substances.
By mixing solid and liquid components, products with a creamy consistency are obtained, which are used as water-free and water-washable bases.
With increasing molar mass, the water solubility and hygroscopicity (moisture absorption capacity) of the polyethylene glycols decrease.


Steareth-20, component enabling the formation of an emulsion.
Emulsion is a physicochemical form that is created by combining (mixing) the water phase with the oil phase.
Examples of cosmetic emulsions are creams, lotions, lotions.


Steareth-20 that stabilizes foam and improves the quality of foam in a mixture with anionic surfactants.
Steareth-20 acts as a rheology modifier (i.e. improves the consistency causing an increase in viscosity) in washing preparations containing anionic surfactants, thanks to the formation of the so-called mixed micelles.



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARETH-20:
Steareth-20 is used in the formulations of face washes and make-up removers, as it can deeply clean all kinds of dirt and make-up.
Steareth-20 is used in body lotions, hand and foot creams, hair masks and conditioners due to its emollient and emollient properties.
Since Steareth-20 is an excellent dispersant for active ingredients in spray formulations, we can find it in this type of dressings and antiseptic compositions.


Steareth-20 is used Bath & Shower, Baby Care, Skin Care, Hair Care, Hair Conditioner, Hair Styling, Cream, Lotion, Sun Protection, Antiperspirant & Deodorant, Emulsifier, Surfactant, Cleanser, Emollient, Thickener, Hair & Skin Conditioner, and Moisturizer.
Steareth-20 is suitable for skincare creams and lotions, deodorants, and antiperspirants, including in combination with other emulsifiers.


Based on vegetable raw materials, Steareth-20 provides stable emulsions over a wide pH range, emulsifying oils and fats in highly acidic or alkaline media.
Steareth-20 rids the skin of the oil, dirt and grime accumulated on the skin.
Steareth-20 is a polyoxyethylene fatty ether derived from stearyl alcohols designed to emulsify and produce stable dispersions of cosmetic materials.


Steareth-20, This fatty alcohol derivative enables the formation and stabilisation of the product’s texture.
You can find Steareth-20 in hair dyes, deodorants, creams, mascaras, sunscreens, bath foams, shower gels and shampoos.
In cosmetics, Steareth-20 functions primarily as a surfactant but is also used to make products more stable, especially if they contain active ingredients in an emulsion.


Since Steareth-20 is based on polyethylene glycol structure, it increases the permeability of active substances to the skin by increasing transepidermal permeability and is therefore a valuable component of face creams and oils.
Steareth-20 mainly works as a surfactant, emulsifier, and solubilizer in cosmetics and personal care products.
Steareth-20 is one of several ingredients within Emulsifying Wax NF, which is widely quoted as being the most popular emulsifying wax for crafters.


The Steareth ingredients reduce the interactions between the molecules of other liquids when they are added to cosmetics and personal care products, causing an emulsion to form.
Some personal care products' ingredients would separate out if an ingredient like Steareth was not added.
Cleaning agent: Helps keep a surface clean


Steareth-20 is used Cosmetics, Polyethers/Alkoxylates, Alkoxylated Alcohol, Personal Care, Emollient, Personal Care - Cosmetic Ingredients, Bath, shower & soaps, Antiperspirants & deodorants, Body care, and Eye colour
Steareth-20 is added to products to stabilize the formulations.


Steareth 20 is considered safe to be used in personal care products.
Steareth-20 is often used as a surfactant and an emulsifier.
Steareth-20 is added to products to stabilize the formulations.


Steareth 20 is considered safe to be used in personal care products.
Steareth-20 is recommended for antiperspirants and deodorants, shaving, baby care, body care, facial care, sun care, pre- and after-shave lotions, coloring, and make-up applications.


Emulsifying: Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures of immiscible liquids by changing their interfacial tension.
Cleaning: Helps keep body surface clean.
Steareth-20 is a well-known ingredient used as an emulsifier and a surfactant in personal care products.


Steareth-20 is used as cleansing agent, a surfactant and an emulsifier, like many other PEG and other oil derived substances.
According to the Cosmetics Database Steareth-20 is found most often in eye creams, anti-aging skin care products and moisturizers, but has been used to a lesser degree in many other forms of cosmetics.


Steareth-20 has exceptional stability and tolerance to extreme levels of pH.
Steareth 20 is used as cleansing agent, a surfactant and an emulsifier, like many other PEG and other oil derived substances.
Steareth-20 is a non-ionic emulsifier for cosmetic oil-in-water and partially also for water-in-oil emulsions.


Steareth- 20 as surfactant is used for skin and hair-cleaning purposes and as emulsifier and solubilizing agent in cosmetics and Hair Colorants.
Steareth-20 helps to keep the product stable over time and is also a "wash-out" component in Developers and Hair Colorants, means Steareth-20 helps to remove all residues after a Hair Color application.


In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth ingredients are used in the formulation of personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair products.
In cosmetics, Steareth-20 functions primarily as a surfactant but is also used to make products more stable, especially if they contain active ingredients in an emulsion.


Steareth-20 is used Face / neck skin care, Face colour, Hair colour, Lip colour, Shaving / hair removal, Sun protection, Cosmetics & Detergents, Flavours & Fragrances, Industrial Chemicals, Pharma & Nutrition, Sun Care, and Color Cosmetics.
In addition, it can be used in combination with consistency-providing substances to form viscosity-enhancing gel structures in the external water phase.


Steareth-20 is added to cosmetics and personal care products because it functions as a cleansing agent, a surfactant, and an emulsifier.
Steareth-20 is also an emulsifier & thickener.
Steareth-20 also moisturizes skin.


In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth-20 ingredients are used in personal care and deodorant formulations, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair care products.
Steareth-20 has exceptional stability and tolerance to extreme levels of pH.
According to the Cosmetics Database Steareth-20 is found most often in eye creams, anti-aging skin care products and moisturizers, but has been used to a lesser degree in many other forms of cosmetics.


In skin care products, Steareth-20, surfactants work to degrease and emulsify oils and fats and suspend soil, allowing them to be washed away.
Steareth-20 is used as rheology agents- allows desirable Flow or thickness or film formation in any cosmetic product.
Steareth-20 is also used as a gelling agent in lotions and gels.


Steareth-20 is often used as a surfactant and an emulsifier.
Steareth-20 is added to cosmetics and skincare products because it functions as a cleansing agent, a surfactant, and an emulsifier.
These abilities help to improve the texture and feel of skincare products.


Steareth-20 is used on Steareth-20's own Steareth-20 will effectively make light lotions and creams, the texture of which will rely on the saturation of the oil/s used.
Steareth 20 is a polyoxyethylene fatty ether derived from stearyl alcohols designed to emulsify and produce stable dispersions of cosmetic materials.
Steareth-20 is used in emulsion systems for skin care, hair care and color cosmetics.


Found in a ton of products, such as moisturizers, hair products, facial cleansers, makeup, and hair grooming products.
Steareth-20 is waxy compounds.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth-20 ingredients are used in the formulation of personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair products.


-Cosmetic action:
Washing substance removes impurities from the surface of the hair and skin.
Steareth-20 facilitates the contact of the cleaned surface with the washing solution, which facilitates the removal of impurities from the surface of the skin and hair.


-Surfactants, Steareth-20, are so-called washing-active substances and are of great importance in cosmetics for cleaning the skin and hair.
Surfactants (from the Latin "tensus" = tense) are substances that, thanks to their molecular structure, are able to reduce the surface tension of a liquid.
In this way, two liquids that are actually not miscible, such as oil and water, can be finely mixed.
Because of their properties, surfactants are used in many different ways in cosmetics:
They can clean, create foam, and also act as emulsifiers and mix substances with one another.
In shampoos, shower gels and soaps, for example, surfactants are used to wash away fat and dirt particles from the body with water.
Surfactants are also used in toothpaste.


-Acts as an emulsifier:
Steareth-20 keeps the oil-based components and water-based components together and prevents them from disintegrating into their individual constituents.
Steareth-20 makes the formulation stable.


-Cosmetic action:
Skin softening
-Purpose:
Purifying, softening
-Effective for skin or hair types:
Sensitive skin, eyelid skin, combination skin, dry skin, normal skin, all skin types


-Emulsifiers, Steareth-20, are often used as auxiliary substances in cosmetics.
They make it possible to bring components that are actually not miscible with each other, such as oil and water, into a permanently stable emulsion.
In cosmetic products, both aqueous and oily care and active ingredients can be used in a single product.
Emulsifiers are able to do this because their molecules consist of a fat-loving (lipophilic) and a water-loving (hydrophilic) part.
This allows them to reduce the interfacial tension that actually exists between two incompatible substances such as fat and water.
Emulsifiers are used in particular for creams, lotions and cleaning agents.
In the meantime, however, emulsifiers are much more than just auxiliary substances that keep an emulsion stable.


-Surfactant:
Reduces the interfacial tension of cosmetic products and contributes to an even distribution during application.
-Acts as a surfactant:
Steareth-20 is an effective surfactant as Steareth-20 reduces the surface tension between 2 liquids or a liquid and a solid.


-Surfactant (Cleaning):
Detergent substance for cleaning skin, hair and/or teeth
-Synthetic Steareth-20, can be used in natural cosmetics.
-Steareth-20 is added to cosmetics and personal care products as it acts as a cleanser, surfactant and emulsifier.


-Cleaning;
Cleans skin, hair or teeth
-Tensid (Emulsifying) - Emulgator:
Allows the formation of finely divided mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)


-The surfactants used in cosmetic products are mainly produced synthetically on the basis of plant-based raw materials.
Surfactants are often used in combination in order to meet all desired requirements - such as dirt removal and foam formation combined with good skin compatibility - in the best possible way.
A skilful combination of a tenside with unfavorable skin compatibility, but very good dirt-dissolving properties, and a very mild, skin-friendly tenside - viewed on its own - results in a product with good cleaning properties and equally good skin compatibility.


-Emulsifying agent:
Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
-Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use


-Cosmetic Uses of Steareth-20:
*cleansing agents
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying


-Emulsifier:
Steareth-20 also functions as an emulsifier. An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil-based ingredients.
When water and oil are mixed together the two ingredients often separate or split.
To address this problem, an emulsifier like steareth-20 can be added which helps to produce a stable product.


-Surfactants:
Surfactants are ingredients that lower the surface tension between two substances, such as two liquids or a liquid and a solid.
Steareth-20, In skincare products, surfactants work to degrease and emulsify oils and fats and suspend dirt, allowing them to be washed away.
This is possible because while one end of the surfactant molecule is attracted to water, the other end is attracted to oil.
Thus, surfactants attract the oil, dirt, and other impurities that have accumulated on your skin during the day and wash them away.
Due to these properties, steareth-20 can be found in many different cleansers and body washes.



WHY IS STEARETH-20 USED?
Steareth-20 is added to cosmetics and skincare products because it functions as a cleansing agent, a surfactant, and an emulsifier.
These abilities help to improve the texture and feel of skincare products.

-Surfactants:
Surfactants are ingredients that lower the surface tension between two substances, such as two liquids or a liquid and a solid.
In skincare products, surfactants work to degrease and emulsify oils and fats and suspend dirt, allowing them to be washed away.
This is possible because while one end of the surfactant molecule is attracted to water, the other end is attracted to oil.
Thus, surfactants attract the oil, dirt, and other impurities that have accumulated on your skin during the day and wash them away.
Due to these properties, steareth-20 can be found in many different cleansers and body washes.

-Emulsifier:
Steareth-20 also functions as an emulsifier.
An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil-based ingredients.
When water and oil are mixed together the two ingredients often separate or split.
To address this problem, an emulsifier like steareth-20 can be added which helps to produce a stable product.



STEARETH-20 AT A GLANCE:
*Derivative of fatty alcohol stearyl alcohol
*Functions as a surfactant and stabilizer
*Helps keep ingredients together in an emulsion
*Deemed safe as used in cosmetics



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STEARETH-20:
Normal room temperature (about 25 oC) and under atmospheric pressure conditions Steareth-20 is a white solid with a waxy consistency.
Steareth-20 has exceptionally good dispersion, dissolving (ie increasing resolution) and thickening properties.
Steareth-20 exhibits high stability in the presence of electrolytes and hard water, but is sensitive to certain changes in its environment.

If its solution is acidified, Steareth-20 undergoes hydrolysis and breaks down into smaller fragments.
The very high degree of ethoxylation of cetyl-stearyl alcohol demonstrates the strong hydrophilic properties of the substances.
Therefore Steareth-20 is an excellent stabilizing agent and O/W (oil in water) emulsifier.

This means that a formulation can combine two independent phases – water and oil – thus providing the appropriate form of the final product.
In compositions using a combination of anionic surfactants, Steareth-20 is a foaming agent that stabilizes the foam and improves its quality as mixed micelles are formed.
Steareth-20 can act as a solubilizer, ie a substance capable of introducing poorly soluble substances (eg plant extracts and oils or fragrance compositions) into aqueous solutions. Regarding the varying sensitivity of the active ingredients to high temperatures, Steareth-20 can be used as an ingredient in the emulsification process already at room temperature due to its high emulsifying properties.

In contrast, with its high dispersing and stabilizing properties, Steareth-20 increases the production of formulations that are available as solids, such as ointments.
Steareth-20 can improve consistency as it is a rheology modifier.
Steareth-20 also provides a very good and even distribution of the active ingredient in spray compositions.

According to Global Organizations conducting research on active ingredients, Steareth-20 is considered a safe agent with no restrictions on its use.
Steareth-20 is non-allergenic and non-comedogenic, so it is not excluded for people with acne or problem skin.
The adverse environmental effects of the content were not recorded.



BENEFITS OF STEARETH-20:
Steareth-20 has the following benefits:
-Acts as a surfactant:
Steareth-20 is an effective surfactant as it reduces the surface tension between 2 liquids or a liquid and a solid.
Steareth-20 rids the skin of the oil, dirt and grime accumulated on the skin.

-Acts as an emulsifier:
Steareth-20 keeps the oil-based components and water-based components together and prevents them from disintegrating into their individual constituents.
Steareth-20 makes the formulation stable.



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-20 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*FILM FORMING:
Produces a continuous film on skin, hair and / or nails



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-20:
-Cleaning agent:
Steareth-20 helps keep a surface clean
-Emulsifying agent:
Steareth-20 promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
-Surfactant:
Steareth-20 reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use
Steareth 20 is used as cleansing agent, a surfactant and an emulsifier, like many other PEG and other oil derived substances.
According to the Cosmetics Database this ingredient is found most often in eye creams, anti-aging skin care products and moisturizers, but has been used to a lesser degree in many other forms of cosmetics.
-Cleanser (Cosmetics):
Improves the cleansing properties of water
-Emulsifier:
Allows water and oils to remain mixed together to form an emulsion.
-Solubilizer:
Increases the solubility of poorly soluble ingredients
-Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension to allow mixtures to be formed evenly.
Emulsifier is a specific type of surfactant which allows two liquids to mix together evenly
-Dispersing agents
-Emulsifiers
-Surfactants / detergents



WHAT DOES STEARETH-20 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



STEARETH-20:
*THE GOOD:
Steareth-20 is a synthetic ingredient that functions as a cleansing agent, a surfactant, and an emulsifier to improve the texture and feel of formulations.
*SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:
Steareth-20 works well with most ingredients



KEY BENEFITS of STEARETH-20:
-Stabilizes Oil-in-Water Emulsions



WHY IS STEARETH-20 USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
When added to cosmetics and personal care products, the Steareth ingredients reduce the interactive forces between molecules of other liquids so that an emulsion is formed.
If an ingredient such as a Steareth is not added to some personal care products, the ingredients in the product would separate like some salad dressings.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARETH-20:
Appearance: White to pale yellow petrolatum-like or waxy substance
Color: White
Form: Powder
Chemistry: Alkoxylated alcohols
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 413.00 to 414.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 7.966 (est)
Molecular Weight: 313.5383
Appearance: Solid
Colour: White
Odour: Odourless
pH: 9 - 11
Melting point/Range: Not available
Boiling Point/Range: Not available
Solubility in water: No information available
Other information: No information available
Appearance Form: Wax like
Color: white

Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 7,5 at 30 g/l
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARETH-20:
-Description of first aid measures:
*Contact with eyes:
Remove contact lenses, if present.
Wash immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, opening the eyelids fully.
*Contact with skin:
Remove contaminated clothing.
Wash immediately with plenty of water.
*Ingestion:
Get medical advice/attention.
*Inhalation:
Remove to open air.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No information available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARETH-20:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not allow to escape into ground, drains, sewage system, surface or ground waters.
-Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:
Make sure the leakage site is well aired.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARETH-20:
-Extinguishing media
*Suitable extinguishing media:
The extinguishing equipment should be of the conventional kind: carbon dioxide,
foam,
powder and water spray.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media: None in particular.
-Advice for firefighters
*General information:
Use jets of water to cool the containers to prevent product decomposition and the development of substances potentially hazardous for health.
Always wear full fire prevention gear.
Collect extinguishing water to prevent it from draining into the sewer system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARETH-20:
-Control parameters:
No information available
-Exposure controls:
Provide an emergency shower with face and eye wash station.
*Hand protection:
Work glove material must be chosen according to the use process and the products that may form.
*Skin protection:
Wear category I professional long-sleeved overalls and safety footwear.
Wash body with soap and water after removing protective clothing.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARETH-20:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Before handling the product, consult all the other sections of this material safety data sheet.
Do not eat, drink or smoke during use.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store only in the original container



STABILITY and REACTIVITY ofSTEARETH-20:
-Reactivity:
Stable under normal conditions.
-Chemical stability:
Stable under normal temperature conditions and recommended use.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No hazardous reactions if stored and handled as prescribed/indicated.
-Conditions to avoid:
None in particular.
-Incompatible materials:
No information available
-Hazardous decomposition products:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy
2-octadecoxyethanol (peg-20)
BRIJ S20
LIPOCOL S-20
PEG-20 STEARYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (20) STEARYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 1000 STEARYL ETHER
POLYOXYETHYLENE (20) STEARYL ETHER
POLYOXYETHYLENE 20 STEARYL ETHER
POLYOXYL 20 STEARYL ETHER
POLYOXYL 20 STEARYL ETHER [USP-RS]
STEARETH-20 [II]
STEARETH-20 [INCI]
STEARETH-20 [VANDF]
Stearyl alcohol ethoxylate with 20 moles of ethylene oxide
Ethanol, 2-(2-(octadecyloxy)ethoxy)-
2-(2-(Octadecyloxy)ethoxy)ethanol
3,6,9,12,15,18,21-Heptaoxanonatriacontan-1-ol
Octadecyl polyoxyethylene ether
PEG-100 Stearyl ether
PEG-11 Stearyl ether
PEG-13 Stearyl ether
PEG-14 Stearyl ether
PEG-15 Stearyl ether
PEG-16 Stearyl ether
PEG-2 Stearyl ether
PEG-20 Stearyl ether
PEG-21 Stearyl ether
PEG-25 Stearyl ether
PEG-27 Stearyl ether
PEG-30 Stearyl ether
PEG-40 Stearyl ether
PEG-50 Stearyl ether
PEG-7 Stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (100) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (11) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (13) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (14) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (15) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (16) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (21) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (25) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (27) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (30) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (50) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol (7) stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol 1000 stearyl ether
Polyethylene glycol 2000 stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (100) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (11) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (13) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (14) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (15) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (16) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (2) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (20) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (21) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (25) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (27) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (30) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (50) stearyl ether
Polyoxyethylene (7) stearyl ether
Steareth-100
Steareth-11
Steareth-13
Steareth-14
Steareth-15
Steareth-16
Steareth-2
Steareth-20
Steareth-21
Steareth-25
Steareth-27
Steareth-30
Steareth-40
Steareth-50
Steareth-7
Polyethylene glycol monostearyl ether
Polyoxyethylated stearyl alcohol
Stearyl alcohol EO (10)
Stearyl alcohol EO (20)
Stearyl alcohol ethylene oxide (2)
Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated
Stereal alcohol EO (2)
UNII-36ALR4705B
UNII-L0Q8IK9E08
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-
Stearyl alcohol condensed with 20 moles ethylene oxide
Stearyl alcohol condensed with l0 moles ethylene oxide
Stearyl alcohol, condensed with 2 moles ethylene oxide
Polyoxyethylene monooctadecyl ether
2-(octadecyloxy)ethanol
[2-(octadecyloxy)ethyl]oxidanyl
Brij(R) 76
2-(Octadecyloxy)ethanol
2-Octadecoxyethanol
Ethanol, 2-(octadecyloxy)-
Ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether
POE (10) stearyl alcohol ether
2-(octadecyloxy)ethan-1-ol
Steareth-20
Steareth-21
Ethanol,2-(octadecyloxy)-
2-Octadecyloxyethanol
3-Oxahenicosane-1-ol
2-(octadecyloxy) ethanol
2-(octadecyloxy)-ethanol
6-Tetrachloro-2-picoline
DSSTox_CID_9299
C18-alcohol polyethoxylate
AMTGC009
DSSTox_RID_78754
DSSTox_GSID_29299
Polyoxyl stearyl ether (NF)
SCHEMBL490673
Ethoxylated Stearyl Alcohols 2
Polyoxyethylene(100) stearate
CHEMBL3181944
Ethoxylated Stearyl Alcohols 20
a,a,a,6-Tetrachloro-2-picoline
Polyethylene glycol stearyl ether
DTXSID60858842
DTXSID70891669
AMY36496
C20H42O2
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-
EINECS 218-374-0
Tox21_202772
MFCD00043351
ZINC56898840
AKOS015839820
AS-2008
HEXADECANOIC-7,7,8,8-D4ACID
NCGC00260319-01
DB-066492
BB 0256761
CS-0318307
FT-0682442
D08975
F20467
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate, sodium salt
STEARETH-20 (EMULSIFIER)
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is a derivative of the benign fatty ingredient stearyl alcohol.
In cosmetics, Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) functions primarily as a surfactant but is also used to make products more stable, especially if they contain active ingredients in an emulsion.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) may be animal-derived or synthetic.

CAS: 9005-00-9
MF: C20H42O2
MW: 314.54628
EINECS: 500-017-8

Synonyms
Blaunon SR 711;Blaunon SR 715;Blaunon SR 720;Blaunon SR 730;Brij 2;Brij 720;Brij 762;Brij 78P
2-(Octadecyloxy)ethanol;2136-72-3;2-Octadecoxyethanol;9005-00-9;Ethanol, 2-(octadecyloxy)-;Ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether;POE (10) stearyl alcohol ether;2-(octadecyloxy)ethan-1-ol;Steareth-21;Ethanol,2-(octadecyloxy)-;C20H42O2;2-Octadecyloxyethanol;Brij? S20;2-(octadecyloxy) ethanol;2-(octadecyloxy)-ethanol;DSSTox_CID_9299;DSSTox_RID_78754;DSSTox_GSID_29299;SCHEMBL490673;CHEMBL3181944;DTXSID60858842;AMY36496;EINECS 218-374-0;Tox21_202772;MFCD00043351;AKOS015839820;AS-2008;HEXADECANOIC-7,7,8,8-D4ACID;NCGC00260319-01;PD160410;CAS-9005-00-9;A4605;BB 0256761;CS-0318307;FT-0682442;NS00008395;NS00048617;D08975;F20467;F77844

They are prepared by interacting with the chemical intermediate gas ethylene oxide with Steareth-20 (Emulsifier), a process which forms an entirely new stable compound.
The number that comes after (for instance, 20) indicates the average number of ethylene oxide units used in the preparation.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is a surfactant that belongs to the class of polyoxyethylene ethers.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is majorly used in pharmaceutical applications to improve the solubility of the drugs.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) can also be grafted on a variety of surfaces to enhance the intracellular uptake of dyes.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearyl alcohol.
Due to the presence of PEG, Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) may contain potentially toxic manufacturing impurities such as 1,4-dioxane.

Polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid make up the Steareth ingredients (Steareth-2, Steareth-4, Steareth-6, Steareth-7, Steareth-10, Steareth-11, Steareth-13, Steareth-15, and Steareth-20).
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) primarily functions as a surfactant and emulsifier in cosmetic products and is generally available as a waxy, solid material.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) can be used in the creation of personal hygiene products, deodorants, fragrances, skin, eye, and hair products.
Steareth-20 is a non-ionic emulsifier for cosmetic oil-in-water and partially also for water-in-oil emulsions.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is suitable for skincare creams and lotions, deodorants, and antiperspirants, including in combination with other emulsifiers.

Based on vegetable raw materials, Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) provides stable emulsions over a wide pH range, emulsifying oils and fats in highly acidic or alkaline media.
In addition, Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) can be used in combination with consistency-providing substances to form viscosity-enhancing gel structures in the external water phase.
This naturally derived surfactant provides several functional benefits, including effective wetting and high foaming properties.

Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is suitable for various applications, such as fabric and laundry care, as well as industrial and institutional cleaning.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is the polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol with an average of 20 repeating units of ethylene glycol.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is an emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions and a solubilizer.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is useful in a wide range of personal care products and cosmetics and is compatible with all types of oils and actives.
Since Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is a completely saturated solid material, it is very stable and has an HLB of about 14-16.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) can be combined with other surfactants to achieve any required HLB.

Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 56-60 °C
Boiling point: 100 °C
Density: 0.964 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
Fp: >230 °F
Solubility: propylene glycol and xylene: insoluble
Form: pellets
Color: white
Specific Gravity: 0.893
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 50ng/L at 20℃
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H42O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-19-22-20-18-21/h21H,2-20H2,1H3
InChIKey: ICIDSZQHPUZUHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.07
EPA Substance Registry System: Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) (9005-00-9)

Uses
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) mainly works as a surfactant, emulsifier, and solubilizer in cosmetics and personal care products.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) reduce the interactions between the molecules of other liquids when they are added to cosmetics and personal care products, causing an emulsion to form.
Some personal care products' ingredients would separate out if an ingredient like Steareth was not added.
Skin care: Its benefits are not limited to only cleansing.
As an emulsifier, Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) facilitates the mixing of oil and water.
Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) is created by ethoxylating the fatty alcohol stearyl alcohol, which increases the molecule's water solubility.
The end result is an emulsifier-cum-solubilizer, that primarily prefers water and can help dissolve trace amounts of oil-loving ingredients into water-based products.
Or, to make stable emulsions, Steareth-20 (Emulsifier) can be mixed with emulsifiers that prefer oil, like its sister Steareth-2.
STEARETH-200
STEARETH-21, N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic), Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : STEARETH-21. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-21
brij 721 brij S721 cromul EM1207 hetoxol STA-21 lipocol S-21 2- octadecoxyethanol (peg-21) peg-21 stearyl ether poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- (21 mol EO average molar ratio) polyethylene glycol (21) stearyl ether polyoxyethylene (21) stearyl alcohol ether polyoxyethylene (21) stearyl ether CAS : 9005-00-9
STEARETH-25
STEARETH-3, N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic) / 4439-32-1, Nom INCI : STEARETH-3, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation.Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-3
STEARETH-30, N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic), Nom INCI : STEARETH-30. Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Tensioactif non ionique, Le steareth-30 est un éther de polyéthylène glycol et d'acide stéarique. C'est un tensioactif non ionique d'apparence cireuse. Il est principalement utilisé dans les dentifrices en cosmétique.Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Gélifiant : Donne la consistance d'un gel à une préparation liquide. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation.Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-30
STEARETH-4, N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic) / 59970-10-4, Nom INCI : STEARETH-4, Classification : Composé éthoxylé, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-4
STEARETH-6, N° CAS : 9005-00-9 (Generic) / 2420-29-3, Nom INCI : STEARETH-6. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation; Noms anglais : POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-OCTADECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY- POLY(OXYETHYLENE) MONOOCTADECYL ETHER POLY(OXYETHYLENE) STEARYL ETHER POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL STEARYL ETHER POLYOXYETHYLATED STEARYL ALCOHOL STEARYL ALCOHOL, ETHOXYLATED; Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Polyoxyl stearyl ether CAS names: Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- IUPAC names 1-(2-$l^{1}-oxidanylethoxy)octadecane 2-Octadecoxyethanol alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy-polyglycolether Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated Octadecan-1-ol, ethoxylated, Poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) - α - octadecyl -ω- hydroxyl Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) , .alpha.-octadecyl-.omega.-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-octadecyl-w-hydroxy- (2-5EO) Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-octadecyl-omega-hydroxy- Steareth-2 Trade names 1-Octadecanol, monoether with polyethylene glycol [1-14C]Octadecylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Aduxol ST 05 Alcool en C18 éthoxylé Alkasurf SA 2 Alkyl polyglycol ether C18 with EO Alkyl Polyglykolether C18 mit EO ARLYPON SA 10 FEST; 10-EO Arlypon SA 10; 10-EO Arlypon SA 20 D; 20-EO ARLYPON SA 20 FEST; 20-EO Arlypon SA 20; 20-EO Arlypon SA 4 D; 4-EO Arlypon SA 4; 4-EO Arlypon SA 6; 6-EO ARLYPON SA 7 FEST; 7-EO ARLYPON SA 7; 7-EO Avivan SO 6 Berol 043 Berol 08 C18-Fettalkohol + 12 EO; 12-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 14 EO; 14-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 20 EO; 20-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 28 EO; 28-EO C18-Fettalkohol + 52 EO; 52-EO Cemulsol DB 25/18 Cetalox AT Ekaline G 80 EM 1207 Empilan KM 50 EMTHOX 5888-A POE (20) STEARYL ALCOHOL; 20-EO Emulgen 306P Emulgen 310 Emulgen 320P Ethoxylated octadecyl alcohol Ethoxylated stearyl alcohol Eumulgin S 21; 21-EO Eumulgin S 2; 2-EO Eumulgin SA 2; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 10EO; 10-EO FAEO C18 + 11EO; 11-EO FAEO C18 + 12EO; 12-EO FAEO C18 + 13EO; 13-EO FAEO C18 + 14.6EO; 14,6-EO FAEO C18 + 14EO; 14-EO FAEO C18 + 15EO; 15-EO FAEO C18 + 20EO; 20-EO FAEO C18 + 21EO; 21-EO FAEO C18 + 28EO; 28-EO FAEO C18 + 2EO; 2-EO FAEO C18 + 30EO; 30-EO FAEO C18 + 4EO; 4-EO FAEO C18 + 52EO; 52-EO FAEO C18 + 5EO; 5-EO FAEO C18 + 6EO; 6-EO FAEO C18 + 7EO; 7-EO FAEO C18 + nEO; n-EO Fettalkoholpolyglykolether Genapol S Genapol S 020 Genapol S 100 Genapol S 150 Glycols, polyethylene, monooctadecyl ether Heptaethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether Hetoxol STA 30 LAMECREME SA 7 FEST; 7-EO Lamecreme SA 7; 7-EO Leunapon-F 18 Levenol PW Lipocol S 20 LOROL C 18 + 2EO; 2-EO Macol SA Macol SA 10 Macol SA 100 Macol SA 15 Macol SA 2 Macol SA 20 MACOL SA 20; 20-EO Macol SA 40 Macol SA 5 Marlipal 1850 Mergital S 2 Mergital S 21; 21-EO Newcol 1807 Noigen 140E Nonion S 207 Octadecanol + EO Octadecylalkohol + 7 [14C]EO; 7-EO Poly(oxy-1,2-ethandiyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-octadecyl-ω-hydroxy- POLYOXYAETHYLEN(10)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(2)STEARYLAETHER POLYOXYAETHYLEN(20)STEARYLAETHER Polyoxyethylen Polyoxyethylen-(2)-Stearylalkohol Polyoxyethylen-Stearylalkohol-ether Polyoxyethylen-stearylether Stearath 7 Stearath 7 (CTFA) STEARETH Steareth-10 Steareth-10 (INCI) Steareth-100 Steareth-100 (INCI) Steareth-10; 10-EO Steareth-11 Steareth-11 (INCI) Steareth-11; 11-EO Steareth-13 Steareth-13 (INCI) Steareth-13; 13-EO Steareth-14 Steareth-14 (INCI) Steareth-15 Steareth-15 (INCI) Steareth-15; 15-EO Steareth-16 Steareth-16 (INCI) Steareth-2 (CTFA) Steareth-2 (INCI) Steareth-20 Steareth-20 (INCI) Steareth-20; 20-EO Steareth-21 Steareth-21 (INCI) Steareth-25 Steareth-25 (INCI) Steareth-27 Steareth-27 (INCI) Steareth-2; 2-EO Steareth-3 Steareth-3 (INCI) Steareth-30 Steareth-30 (INCI) Steareth-4 Steareth-4 (INCI) Steareth-40 Steareth-40 (INCI) Steareth-4; 4-EO Steareth-5 Steareth-5 (INCI) Steareth-50 Steareth-50 (INCI) Steareth-6 Steareth-6 (INCI) Steareth-6; 6-EO Steareth-7 Steareth-7 (INCI) Steareth-7; 7-EO STEARYL ALCOHOL + 2EO; 2-EO Stearyl alcohol, ethoxylated Stearylalkohol + 2 EO; 2-EO Stearylalkohol + 7 EO; 7-EO Stearylalkohol + EO Stearylalkohol 21 EO; 21-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO GEREINIGT; 4-EO STEARYLALKOHOL 4 EO; 4-EO Stearylalkohol 6 EO/Stearylalkohol; 6-EO Stearylalkohol 7 EO/Stearylalkohol; 7-EO Stearylalkohol EO 20 Stearylalkohol-(10)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(20)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(4)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(5)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(6)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(7)polyglycolether Stearylalkohol-(XX)polyglycolether Stearylether Sympatens-AS/020 Tego Antifoam 204 Um A 549; 14,6-EO Volpo S 2; 2-EO Volpo S2 Volpo S2A Xiameter AFE 7610; α-Octadécyl-ω-hydroxypoly(oxyéthylène)
STEARETH-5
Steareth-5 are polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid.
Steareth-5 is waxy compounds.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth-5 is used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products including makeup, lotions, personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair care products.

CAS: 85066-57-5
MF: C38H76O3
MW: 581.00824

Synonyms
STEARETH-5 STEARATE;.alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.- (octadecyloxy)-Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl);Steareth-6 stearate

Steareth-5 is a chemical compound derived from the ethoxylation of stearic acid and an alcohol.
It is commonly used in cosmetic products as a surfactant.
Steareth-5 functions as an emulsifier and moisturizer in products, helping them spread more easily and penetrate the skin.
It also acts as a thickening agent, aiding in the desired texture of cosmetic products.
While generally considered to be non-irritating to the skin, it may cause adverse reactions in some individuals with sensitive skin, so it should be properly tested before use in products.

Steareth-5 is often found in a variety of personal care products, including creams, lotions, and cleansers, due to its ability to improve the texture and feel of these products on the skin.
It is known for its ability to enhance the stability of emulsions, allowing oil and water-based ingredients to mix more effectively.
Additionally, Steareth-5 can help increase the shelf life of cosmetic formulations by acting as a preservative. Overall, Steareth-5 is a versatile ingredient that plays a crucial role in the formulation of many cosmetic and personal care products, contributing to their effectiveness and user experience.

Synthesis
Steareth-5 is synthesized through the ethoxylation of stearic acid and an alcohol, typically hexadecanol (C16 alcohol).
This process involves replacing a hydrocarbon chain with an ethoxylate group.
Initially, stearic acid and the alcohol are mixed in a reaction vessel at a specific temperature and pressure.
Then, a catalyst such as sulfuric acid or boronic acid is added to initiate the reaction.
During this reaction, the hydrogen of the alcohol molecule is replaced with the carboxyl group of stearic acid, bonding the stearate chain to the alcohol molecule.
As a result, the ethoxylation process allows for the formation and acquisition of Steareth-5.
This process is commonly used to obtain a compound used in cosmetic and personal care products, which often require high purity and quality.

Molecular Weight: Approximately 378.54 g/mol
Appearance: It is a waxy solid at room temperature, often appearing as a white to light yellowish paste or flakes.
Solubility: It is soluble in water and various organic solvents.
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): The HLB value for Steareth-5 is approximately 11-13, indicating that it is more hydrophilic than lipophilic.
Functional Group: It contains an ethylene oxide chain, which gives it its surfactant properties.

Uses:

Steareth-5 is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifier, surfactant, and thickening agent.
It helps to stabilize emulsions, improve texture, and enhance the spreadability of products.
Steareth-5 is found in a variety of products including creams, lotions, shampoos, and conditioners.

Emulsifier: Steareth-5 is widely used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emulsifying agent.
It helps to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions, allowing for the blending of ingredients that are normally immiscible, such as water and oil.
This property is particularly useful in creams, lotions, and moisturizers, where it ensures that the product maintains a smooth and uniform texture.

Surfactant: As a surfactant, Steareth-5 reduces the surface tension between different substances, allowing them to mix more easily.
This property makes it effective in cleansing products like shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, where it helps to lift dirt and oils from the skin or hair, allowing them to be rinsed away.

Thickening Agent: Steareth-5 can also act as a thickening agent in cosmetic formulations.
By increasing the viscosity of a product, it can improve its texture and provide a more luxurious feel.
This is beneficial in products like creams and lotions, where a thicker consistency is desired.

Moisturizing Agent: Steareth-5 can help to hydrate and soften the skin.
It can act as an occlusive agent, forming a barrier on the skin's surface to lock in moisture and prevent it from evaporating.
This makes it beneficial in moisturizing creams and lotions, where it helps to keep the skin hydrated and supple.

Ingredient Solubilizer: Steareth-5 can also function as a solubilizer, helping to dissolve other ingredients in a formulation.
This property is useful in products where certain ingredients are not water-soluble and need to be incorporated into a water-based formula.
STEARETH-50
Steareth-50 is a fatty alcohol with high saturation.
Steareth-50 is in the form of white particles / powder, odorless, soluble in water and al'cohol to form a colloidal solution.
Steareth-50 is a polyethylene glycol ether of Cetearyl Alcohol (q.v.).
Steareth-50 is supplied as white to slightly yellowish wax-like flakes or pellets with a faint characteristic odor.


CAS number: 68439-49-6
Chem/IUPAC Name: C16-18 ALCOHOLS,ETHOXYLATED (50 MOL EO AVERAGE MOLAR RATIO)
Classification: Ethoxylated compound , Nonionic surfactant
Molecular Formula: C18H38O


Steareth-50 may or may not be vegan.
Steareth-50 is a PEG compound of Stearic Acid, used in cosmetics.
Stearic Acid can have animal or plant sources.


It also features key factors that are responsible for boosting or upsetting the market growth and for the assuring opportunities in the global Steareth-50 Industry.
Steareth-50 is an emulsifier of various origins.
Steareth-50 is a nonionic surfactant made from cetyl and stearyl alcohol and 50 moles of ethylene oxide.


Steareth-50 is an emulsifier of various origins.
Steareth-50 is a nonionic surfactant made from cetyl and stearyl alcohol and 50 moles of ethylene oxide.
Steareth-50 Market Research Report offers a thorough examination and insights into the market's size, shares, revenues, various segments, drivers, trends, growth, and development, as well as its limiting factors and local industrial presence.


Steareth-50 is a nonionic, self-emulsifying base and consistency giving factor for cosmetic O/W emulsions including hair coloring, and is suitable for low viscous systems.
Steareth-50 is a nonionic surfactant prepared from cetyl and stearyl alcohol and 50 moles of ethylene oxide.
Steareth-50 makes it possible to create oil-in-water type emulsions.

Steareth-50 is a non-ionic surfactant from the group of ethoxylated cetearyl alcohols.
Steareth-50 is a component of many cosmetic formulations, where it acts as an emulsifier, stabiliser and dispersant.
Steareth-50 is synthetic.
Steareth-50 is a polyethylene glycol ether of Stearyl Alcohol (q.v.).


Steareth-50 is the polyethylene glycol ether of Stearyl Alcohol that conforms to the formula: CH3(CH2)17(OCH2CH2)nOH, where n has an average value of 6.
Steareth-50 is included in formulations used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and in dermocosmetics.
Steareth-50 as a surfactant shows very good dispersing, solubilising and thickening properties.
These features result from the chemical structure of Steareth-50, typical for surfactants – they have a hydrophilic moiety (with a strong affinity for water) and a hydrophobic moiety (strongly interacting with the oil phase).


As a dispersant, Steareth-50 evenly disperses the particles of the individual ingredients in the emulsion, ensuring homogeneity of the formulation.
In addition, as a solubiliser, Steareth-50 facilitates the dissolution of the individual components in the solvent.
Solubilisers such as Steareth-50 are especially useful in cosmetics of water content up to 95%.


Thanks to the solubilisers, Steareth-50 is possible to introduce fatty substances, fragrances and other substances insoluble in water.
Steareth-50 is synthesized by natural saturated fatty alcohol and Ethylene Oxide.
Steareth-50 is an excellent popular Oil/Water emulsifier, suggested to combine with Cetheareth-25.


Steareth-50 can resist inorganic salt, high or low pH.
And Steareth-50 imparts cream of high stability and fine appearance.
Steareth-50 is recommended to be used in cream, lotion, even formula containing AHA, as well as strong alkali formula, like hair dye, depilatory cream dispersing agent.


"Steareth-" refers to a PEG-(polyethylene glycol-) ether of stearyl alcohol or isostearyl alcohol.
The number behind "steareth-" refers to the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.
The Steareths are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol where the numerical value in the name corresponds to the average number of units of ethylene oxide.
For example, Steareth-2 is prepared using an average of 2 units of ethylene oxide reacted with stearyl alcohol.


The Steareth ingredients are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol where the numerical value in the name corresponds to the average number of units of ethylene oxide.
For example, Steareth-5 is prepared using an average of 5 units of ethylene oxide reacted with stearyl alcohol.


The Steareth ingredients (Steareth-3, Steareth-5, Steareth-8, Steareth-14, Steareth-16, Steareth-21, Steareth-25, Steareth-27, Steareth-30, Steareth-40, Steareth-50, Steareth-80, Steareth-100, Steareth-200) are polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid.
They are waxy compounds. In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth ingredients are used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products including makeup, lotions, personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair care products.


The polyethylene glycol ethers of cetearyl alcohol are called Steareths.
The INCI names Steareth-n (where n is a number) refer to polyoxyethylene ethers of a mixture of high molecular mass saturated fatty alcohols, mainly cetyl alcohol (m = 15) and stearyl alcohol (m = 17).
The number n indicates the average number of ethylene oxide residues in the polyoxyethylene chain.


These compounds are non-ionic surfactants that work by attracting both water and oil at the same time, frequently used as emulsifiers in soaps and cosmetics.
Steareth compounds are fatty alcohols made from a mixture of cetearyl alcohol and ethylene oxide.
The number in the ingredient name refers to the number of ethylene oxide molecules.


The ingredient is mostly used as an emollient and emulsifier, as well as a mixing and thickening agent in cosmetics.
There is some controversy as to how safe the ingredient is.
"Steareth-" refers to a PEG (polyethylene glycol) ether of cetearyl alcohol. The number after "Steareth-" indicates the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.


Steareths (Steareth-2, Steareth-3, Steareth-4, Steareth-5, Steareth-50, Steareth-7, Steareth-8, Steareth-9, Steareth-10, Steareth-11, Steareth-12, Steareth-13, Steareth-14, Steareth-15, Steareth-16, Steareth-17, Steareth-18, Steareth-20, Steareth-22, Steareth-23, Steareth-24, Steareth-25, Steareth-27, Steareth-28, Steareth-29, Steareth-30, Steareth-33, Steareth-34, Steareth-40, Steareth-50, Steareth-55, Steareth-500, Steareth-80, Steareth-100) are liquids to waxy solids.


In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth ingredients are used in skin care products, moisturizers, hair conditioners, suntan and indoor tanning products and hair dyes, colors, and tints.
Steareths are made from cetearyl alcohol, which is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, and ethylene oxide.


The numerical value represents the average number of molecules of ethylene oxide added to generate the specific Steareth ingredient.
For example, Steareth-2 is made by reacting Cetearyl Alcohol with an average of 2 molecules of ethylene oxide.


List of Steareth compounds:
Steareth-2
Steareth-3
Steareth-4
Steareth-5
Steareth-50
Steareth-7
Steareth-8
Steareth-9
Steareth-10
Steareth-11
Steareth-12
Steareth-13
Steareth-15
Steareth-16
Steareth-17
Steareth-18
Steareth-20
Steareth-22
Steareth-23
Steareth-25
Steareth-27
Steareth-28
Steareth-29
Steareth-30
Steareth-33
Steareth-34
Steareth-40
Steareth-50
Steareth-55
Steareth-500
Steareth-80
Steareth-100



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARETH-50:
Steareth-50 is emulsion-based cosmetic products like creams, lotions (especially sprayable lotions), foundations, hair conditioners and sunscreen products.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth-50 ingredients are used in skin care products, moisturizers, hair conditioners, suntan and indoor tanning products and hair dyes, colours, and tints.


Further, Steareth-50 has great cleansing and foaming properties as well.
Steareth-50 is used in cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier.
Steareth-50 enables the production of oil-in-water emulsions.


Steareth-50 helps other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve and clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that these substances can be rinsed away.
Industry/Application Category of Steareth-50: Skincare (face care & cosmetics), Hair care and Body care, Textile, Home Care.


Steareth-50 is a emulsifier and is used to make Oil in Water emulsions.
Steareth-50 is a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 50 EO that is used as a surfactant in detergent, cosmetics and textile industry.
Steareth-50 is used in cosmetic products as emulsifier and surfactant.


Steareths-50 to -100, cleanses the skin and hair by helping water mix with oil and dirt so these substances dissolve they can rinse.
Steareth-50 is used emulsion-based cosmetic products like creams, lotions (especially sprayable lotions), foundations, hair conditioners and sunscreen products.
Steareth-50 is used HAIR CARE, Hair dyes, SKIN CARE, Body care, Skin moisturizer, Cleanser, Sun Care, Mother and baby, Hair care, Hair color, Bath and Body.
Steareth-50 helps to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.


Steareth-50 is a polymer used in cosmetics formulations.
An oil-In-water emulsifier Steareth-50 can function in ointment, cream, gel and other cosmetics formulations.
Steareth-50 is used as reagent in liquid crystal nanoparticle formulations as an oral drug delivery system for liver specific distributions.


Very good emulsifying properties of Steareth-50 determine its use to create and stabilise water-in-oil emulsions – water particles suspended in the oil phase).
Emulsifiers, such as Steareth-50, accumulate at the phase boundary, thereby lowering the surface tension and allowing the fusion of phases with different chemical characteristics (water phase and oil phase).


Applications of Steareth-50: Emulsifier for cosmetics and wax etc.
These types of emulsifiers (dedicated for water-in-oil emulsions) are used, for example, for the production of ointments or dermocosmetics, where the water-soluble active substance requires homogeneous dispersion in the hydrophobic phase, which is usually an oil base.


-Cosmetic Uses of Steareth-50:
*cleansing agents
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying
*Emulsifier, Surfactant


-Cosmetic Uses Steareth-50:
*cleansing agents
*gel forming agents
*surfactants


-Cosmetic Uses:
*surfactants
*surfactant – emulsifying


APPLICATION AND FUNCTIONALITY OF STEARETH-50:
*Surfactant
*Solubilizing agent
*Dispersing agent
*Thickener
*Binder for granulation
*Further, it has great cleansing and foaming properties as well.



FUNCTION IN COSMETICS OF STEARETH-50:
*CLEANING:
Steareth-50 cleans skin, hair or teeth
*TENSID (EMULSIFYING) - EMULGATOR:
Steareth-50 allows the formation of finely divided mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)
*TENSID (CLEANING):
Detergent substance for cleaning skin, hair and/or teeth



PROPERTIES OF STEARETH-50:
*Good emulsifier for cosmetics.
*Good emulsifier of mineral oils and waxes.



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-50:
*Emulsifiers - helps immiscible liquids form a solution
*Cleansing/Foaming ingredients - remove dirt and grease, can create foam



PRODUCTS CONTAINING STEARETH-50:
*ointments,
*antiseptic ointments,
*lotions,
*oils,
*creams,
*dermocosmetics.



WHY IS STEARETH-50 USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
The following functions have been reported for the Steareth ingredients.
Surfactant – cleansing agent – Steareth-16, Steareth-21, Steareth-25, Steareth-27, Steareth-30, Steareth-40, Steareth-50, Steareth-80, Steareth-100
Surfactant – emulsifying agent – Steareth-3, Steareth-5, Steareth-8, Steareth-14, Steareth-16, Steareth-21
Surfactant – solubilizing agent – Steareth-21, Steareth-25, Steareth-27, Steareth-30, Steareth-40, Steareth-50, Steareth-80, Steareth-100



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-50 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*CLEANSING:
Cleans skin, hair or teeth
*GEL FORMING:
Allows the production of a gel (gelatinous, semi-solid product)
*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING:
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-50:
*Cleaning agent:
Helps keep a surface clean
*Emulsifying agent:
Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use



WHY IS STEARETH-50 IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Steareth-2 to -18, and Steareth-22, help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.
Steareth-22 is also used to decrease the thickness of liquid cosmetics and personal care products.
Steareth-20 to -40 help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve, and along with Steareths-50 to -100, clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that these substances can be rinsed away.



WHAT DOES STEARETH-50 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



APPLICATION AND FUNCTIONALITY OF STEARETH-50 IS USED:
*Surfactant
*Solubilizing agent
*Dispersing agent
*Thickener
*Binder for granulation



FUNCTION OF STEARETH-50 IN COSMETICS:
*CLEANSING: Cleans skin, hair or teeth
*TENSID (EMULSIFYING) - EMULGATOR: Allows the formation of finely divided mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)
*TENSID (CLEANING): Detergent substance for cleaning skin, hair and/or teethsubstance for cleaning skin, hair and/or teeth.

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEARETH-50:
A chemical compound with the INCI (International Cosmetic Ingredient Nomenclature) name Steareth-50 is an ethoxylated cetearyl alcohol that belongs to a large group of non-ionic surfactants.
The chemical name of Steareth-50 is ethoxylated cetostearyl alcohol, and also macrogol cetostearyl ether.
The CAS number, the numerical designation assigned to Steareth-50, for Ceteareth-6 is 68439-49-6.



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-50:
*Emulsifying agent:
Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-50 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth
*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING
Allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)



WHAT DOES STEARETH-50 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF STEARETH-50 ON USE IN COSMETICS:
Surfactants are so-called detergent substances and have a major significance in cosmetics for the cleansing of the skin and hair.
Surfactants are substances which, based on their molecular structure, are able to reduce the surface tension of a liquid.
In this way it is possible that two actually not mixable substances, such as oil and water, can be finely mixed.

Because of their properties, surfactants have manifold uses in cosmetics: they can cleanse, produce foam and act as emulsifiers and mix substances with one another.
In shampoos, shower gels and soaps, surfactants are, for instance, used to wash fat and soil particles with water off from the body.
Surfactants are also used in toothpaste.
Here they promote during tooth cleaning the rapid and full dissolution and distribution of the paste in the mouth.

The surfactants used in cosmetic products are primarily produced synthetically on the basis of vegetable raw materials.
Surfactants are often used in combination to equally meet all desired requirements – like dissolution of soil and formation of foam in combination with a good skin tolerance – in the best possible manner.
Through a skilled combination of a surfactant – viewed on its own – with unfavourable skin tolerance but a very good soil removal property with a very mild, skin protecting surfactant altogether a product with good cleansing properties and the same good skin tolerances is obtained.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARETH-50:
Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: characteristic
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 5,0 - 7,0 at 100 g/l at 20 °C
Melting point/freezing point:
Drop point: ca.47 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: 243 °C
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability explosive limits or: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 1,0 g/cm3 at 60 °C - DIN 51757
Relative density: No data available

Water solubility: 100 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: > 200 °C
Decomposition temperature > 300 °C -
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: ca.70 mPa.s at 60 °C
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Appearance at 25ºC Solid/Waxy flakes
Acid value mg KOH/gm max: 1
Color apha: 100
Hydroxyl value mg KOH/gm: 20-26
% Moisture content by KF: 1
pH: 6-8



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARETH-50:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled.
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a
physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARETH-50:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARETH-50:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARETH-50:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARETH-50:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARETH-50:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
9005-00-9
PEG-50 STEARYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (50) STEARYL ETHER
POLYOXYETHYLENE (50) STEARYL ETHER
STEARETH-50 [INCI]
Alcohol C16 C18 ethoxylated, Fatty alcohol ethoxylate
CETEARETH-50
CETEARETH-50 [INCI]
EMPILAN KM50/FK
GENAPOL T 500 P
HETOXOL CS-50
PROCOL CS-50
ROLFOR HT 50
SABOWAX CS 50

STEARETH-6
Steareth-6 is a non-ionic surfactant from the group of ethoxylated cetearyl alcohols.
Steareth-6 is a component of many cosmetic formulations, where it acts as an emulsifier, stabiliser and dispersant.
Steareth-6 is synthetic.
Steareth-6 is a polyethylene glycol ether of Stearyl Alcohol (q.v.).


CAS Number: 68439-49-6
Chem/IUPAC Name: C16-18 alcohols, ethoxylated (6 mol EO average molar ratio)
Molecular Formula: C18H38O


Steareth-6 is the polyethylene glycol ether of Stearyl Alcohol that conforms to the formula: CH3(CH2)17(OCH2CH2)nOH, where n has an average value of 6.
Steareth-6 is included in formulations used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries and in dermocosmetics.
Steareth-6 as a surfactant shows very good dispersing, solubilising and thickening properties.
These features result from the chemical structure of Steareth-6, typical for surfactants – they have a hydrophilic moiety (with a strong affinity for water) and a hydrophobic moiety (strongly interacting with the oil phase).


As a dispersant, Steareth-6 evenly disperses the particles of the individual ingredients in the emulsion, ensuring homogeneity of the formulation.
In addition, as a solubiliser, Steareth-6 facilitates the dissolution of the individual components in the solvent.
Solubilisers such as Steareth-6 are especially useful in cosmetics of water content up to 95%.


Thanks to the solubilisers, Steareth-6 is possible to introduce fatty substances, fragrances and other substances insoluble in water.
Steareth-6 is synthesized by natural saturated fatty alcohol and Ethylene Oxide.
Steareth-6 is an excellent popular Oil/Water emulsifier, suggested to combine with Cetheareth-25.


Steareth-6 can resist inorganic salt, high or low pH.
And Steareth-6 imparts cream of high stability and fine appearance.
Steareth-6 is recommended to be used in cream, lotion, even formula containing AHA, as well as strong alkali formula, like hair dye, depilatory cream dispersing agent.


"Steareth-" refers to a PEG-(polyethylene glycol-) ether of stearyl alcohol or isostearyl alcohol.
The number behind "steareth-" refers to the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.
The Steareths are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol where the numerical value in the name corresponds to the average number of units of ethylene oxide.
For example, Steareth-2 is prepared using an average of 2 units of ethylene oxide reacted with stearyl alcohol.


Steareth-6 may or may not be vegan.
Steareth-6 is a PEG compound of Stearic Acid, used in cosmetics.
Stearic Acid can have animal or plant sources.


Steareth-6 is a fatty alcohol with high saturation.
Steareth-6 is in the form of white particles / powder, odorless, soluble in water and al'cohol to form a colloidal solution.
Steareth-6 is a polyethylene glycol ether of Cetearyl Alcohol (q.v.).
Steareth-6 is supplied as white to slightly yellowish wax-like flakes or pellets with a faint characteristic odor.


It also features key factors that are responsible for boosting or upsetting the market growth and for the assuring opportunities in the global Steareth-6 Industry.
Steareth-6 is an emulsifier of various origins.
Steareth-6 is a nonionic surfactant made from cetyl and stearyl alcohol and 50 moles of ethylene oxide.


Steareth-6 is an emulsifier of various origins.
Steareth-6 is a nonionic surfactant made from cetyl and stearyl alcohol and 50 moles of ethylene oxide.
Steareth-6 Market Research Report offers a thorough examination and insights into the market's size, shares, revenues, various segments, drivers, trends, growth, and development, as well as its limiting factors and local industrial presence.


Steareth-6 is a nonionic, self-emulsifying base and consistency giving factor for cosmetic O/W emulsions including hair coloring, and is suitable for low viscous systems.
Steareth-6 is a nonionic surfactant prepared from cetyl and stearyl alcohol and 50 moles of ethylene oxide.
Steareth-6 makes it possible to create oil-in-water type emulsions.


The Steareth ingredients are prepared by reacting ethylene oxide with stearyl alcohol where the numerical value in the name corresponds to the average number of units of ethylene oxide.
For example, Steareth-5 is prepared using an average of 5 units of ethylene oxide reacted with stearyl alcohol.


The Steareth ingredients (Steareth-3, Steareth-5, Steareth-8, Steareth-14, Steareth-16, Steareth-21, Steareth-25, Steareth-27, Steareth-30, Steareth-40, Steareth-6, Steareth-80, Steareth-100, Steareth-200) are polyethylene glycol ethers of stearic acid.
They are waxy compounds. In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth ingredients are used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetics and personal care products including makeup, lotions, personal cleanliness products and deodorants, as well as suntan, fragrance, skin, eye and hair care products.


The polyethylene glycol ethers of cetearyl alcohol are called Steareths.
The INCI names Steareth-n (where n is a number) refer to polyoxyethylene ethers of a mixture of high molecular mass saturated fatty alcohols, mainly cetyl alcohol (m = 15) and stearyl alcohol (m = 17).
The number n indicates the average number of ethylene oxide residues in the polyoxyethylene chain.


These compounds are non-ionic surfactants that work by attracting both water and oil at the same time, frequently used as emulsifiers in soaps and cosmetics.
Steareth compounds are fatty alcohols made from a mixture of cetearyl alcohol and ethylene oxide.
The number in the ingredient name refers to the number of ethylene oxide molecules.


The ingredient is mostly used as an emollient and emulsifier, as well as a mixing and thickening agent in cosmetics.
There is some controversy as to how safe the ingredient is.
"Steareth-" refers to a PEG (polyethylene glycol) ether of cetearyl alcohol. The number after "Steareth-" indicates the average number of molecular units -CH2-CH2-O-.


Steareths (Steareth-2, Steareth-3, Steareth-4, Steareth-5, Steareth-6, Steareth-7, Steareth-8, Steareth-9, Steareth-10, Steareth-11, Steareth-12, Steareth-13, Steareth-14, Steareth-15, Steareth-16, Steareth-17, Steareth-18, Steareth-20, Steareth-22, Steareth-23, Steareth-24, Steareth-25, Steareth-27, Steareth-28, Steareth-29, Steareth-30, Steareth-33, Steareth-34, Steareth-40, Steareth-6, Steareth-55, Steareth-60, Steareth-80, Steareth-100) are liquids to waxy solids.


In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth ingredients are used in skin care products, moisturizers, hair conditioners, suntan and indoor tanning products and hair dyes, colors, and tints.
Steareths are made from cetearyl alcohol, which is a mixture of cetyl and stearyl alcohol, and ethylene oxide.


The numerical value represents the average number of molecules of ethylene oxide added to generate the specific Steareth ingredient.
For example, Steareth-2 is made by reacting Cetearyl Alcohol with an average of 2 molecules of ethylene oxide.


List of Steareth compounds:
Steareth-2
Steareth-3
Steareth-4
Steareth-5
Steareth-6
Steareth-7
Steareth-8
Steareth-9
Steareth-10
Steareth-11
Steareth-12
Steareth-13
Steareth-15
Steareth-16
Steareth-17
Steareth-18
Steareth-20
Steareth-22
Steareth-23
Steareth-25
Steareth-27
Steareth-28
Steareth-29
Steareth-30
Steareth-33
Steareth-34
Steareth-40
Steareth-6
Steareth-55
Steareth-60
Steareth-80
Steareth-100



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARETH-6:
Steareth-6 is a polymer used in cosmetics formulations.
An oil-In-water emulsifier Steareth-6 can function in ointment, cream, gel and other cosmetics formulations.
Steareth-6 is used as reagent in liquid crystal nanoparticle formulations as an oral drug delivery system for liver specific distributions.


Very good emulsifying properties of Steareth-6 determine its use to create and stabilise water-in-oil emulsions – water particles suspended in the oil phase).
Emulsifiers, such as Steareth-6, accumulate at the phase boundary, thereby lowering the surface tension and allowing the fusion of phases with different chemical characteristics (water phase and oil phase).


Applications of Steareth-6: Emulsifier for cosmetics and wax etc.
These types of emulsifiers (dedicated for water-in-oil emulsions) are used, for example, for the production of ointments or dermocosmetics, where the water-soluble active substance requires homogeneous dispersion in the hydrophobic phase, which is usually an oil base.


Steareth-6 is emulsion-based cosmetic products like creams, lotions (especially sprayable lotions), foundations, hair conditioners and sunscreen products.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Steareth-6 ingredients are used in skin care products, moisturizers, hair conditioners, suntan and indoor tanning products and hair dyes, colours, and tints.


Further, Steareth-6 has great cleansing and foaming properties as well.
Steareth-6 is used in cosmetics as a surfactant and emulsifier.
Steareth-6 enables the production of oil-in-water emulsions.


Steareth-6 helps other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve and clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that these substances can be rinsed away.
Industry/Application Category of Steareth-6: Skincare (face care & cosmetics), Hair care and Body care, Textile, Home Care.


Steareth-6 is a emulsifier and is used to make Oil in Water emulsions.
Steareth-6 is a fatty alcohol polyglycol ether with 50 EO that is used as a surfactant in detergent, cosmetics and textile industry.
Steareth-6 is used in cosmetic products as emulsifier and surfactant.


Steareths-50 to -100, cleanses the skin and hair by helping water mix with oil and dirt so these substances dissolve they can rinse.
Steareth-6 is used emulsion-based cosmetic products like creams, lotions (especially sprayable lotions), foundations, hair conditioners and sunscreen products.
Steareth-6 is used HAIR CARE, Hair dyes, SKIN CARE, Body care, Skin moisturizer, Cleanser, Sun Care, Mother and baby, Hair care, Hair color, Bath and Body.
Steareth-6 helps to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.


-Cosmetic Uses:
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying


-Cosmetic Uses of Steareth-6:
*cleansing agents
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying
*Emulsifier, Surfactant


-Cosmetic Uses Steareth-6:
*cleansing agents
*gel forming agents
*surfactants



PROPERTIES OF STEARETH-6:
*Good emulsifier for cosmetics.
*Good emulsifier of mineral oils and waxes.



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-6:
*Emulsifiers - helps immiscible liquids form a solution
*Cleansing/Foaming ingredients - remove dirt and grease, can create foam



PRODUCTS CONTAINING STEARETH-6:
*ointments,
*antiseptic ointments,
*lotions,
*oils,
*creams,
*dermocosmetics.



APPLICATION AND FUNCTIONALITY OF STEARETH-6:
*Surfactant
*Solubilizing agent
*Dispersing agent
*Thickener
*Binder for granulation
*Further, it has great cleansing and foaming properties as well.



FUNCTION IN COSMETICS OF STEARETH-6:
*CLEANING:
Steareth-6 cleans skin, hair or teeth
*TENSID (EMULSIFYING) - EMULGATOR:
Steareth-6 allows the formation of finely divided mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)
*TENSID (CLEANING):
Detergent substance for cleaning skin, hair and/or teeth



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STEARETH-6:
A chemical compound with the INCI (International Cosmetic Ingredient Nomenclature) name Steareth-6 is an ethoxylated cetearyl alcohol that belongs to a large group of non-ionic surfactants.
The chemical name of Steareth-6 is ethoxylated cetostearyl alcohol, and also macrogol cetostearyl ether.
The CAS number, the numerical designation assigned to Steareth-6, for Ceteareth-6 is 68439-49-6.



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-6:
*Emulsifying agent:
Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-6 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth
*SURFACTANT - EMULSIFYING
Allows the formation of finely dispersed mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)



WHAT DOES STEARETH-6 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



WHY IS STEARETH-6 USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
The following functions have been reported for the Steareth ingredients.
Surfactant – cleansing agent – Steareth-16, Steareth-21, Steareth-25, Steareth-27, Steareth-30, Steareth-40, Steareth-6, Steareth-80, Steareth-100
Surfactant – emulsifying agent – Steareth-3, Steareth-5, Steareth-8, Steareth-14, Steareth-16, Steareth-21
Surfactant – solubilizing agent – Steareth-21, Steareth-25, Steareth-27, Steareth-30, Steareth-40, Steareth-6, Steareth-80, Steareth-100



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-6 IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*CLEANSING:
Cleans skin, hair or teeth
*GEL FORMING:
Allows the production of a gel (gelatinous, semi-solid product)
*SURFACTANT - CLEANSING:
Surface-active agent to clean skin, hair and / or teeth



FUNCTIONS OF STEARETH-6:
*Cleaning agent:
Helps keep a surface clean
*Emulsifying agent:
Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use



WHY IS STEARETH-6 IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Steareth-2 to -18, and Steareth-22, help to form emulsions by reducing the surface tension of the substances to be emulsified.
Steareth-22 is also used to decrease the thickness of liquid cosmetics and personal care products.
Steareth-20 to -40 help other ingredients to dissolve in a solvent in which they would not normally dissolve, and along with Steareths-50 to -100, clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that these substances can be rinsed away.



WHAT DOES STEARETH-6 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Surfactant



APPLICATION AND FUNCTIONALITY OF STEARETH-6 IS USED:
*Surfactant
*Solubilizing agent
*Dispersing agent
*Thickener
*Binder for granulation



FUNCTION OF STEARETH-6 IN COSMETICS:
*CLEANSING: Cleans skin, hair or teeth
*TENSID (EMULSIFYING) - EMULGATOR: Allows the formation of finely divided mixtures of oil and water (emulsions)
*TENSID (CLEANING): Detergent substance for cleaning skin, hair and/or teeth



BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF STEARETH-6 ON USE IN COSMETICS:
Surfactants are so-called detergent substances and have a major significance in cosmetics for the cleansing of the skin and hair.
Surfactants are substances which, based on their molecular structure, are able to reduce the surface tension of a liquid.
In this way it is possible that two actually not mixable substances, such as oil and water, can be finely mixed.

Because of their properties, surfactants have manifold uses in cosmetics: they can cleanse, produce foam and act as emulsifiers and mix substances with one another.
In shampoos, shower gels and soaps, surfactants are, for instance, used to wash fat and soil particles with water off from the body.
Surfactants are also used in toothpaste.
Here they promote during tooth cleaning the rapid and full dissolution and distribution of the paste in the mouth.

The surfactants used in cosmetic products are primarily produced synthetically on the basis of vegetable raw materials.
Surfactants are often used in combination to equally meet all desired requirements – like dissolution of soil and formation of foam in combination with a good skin tolerance – in the best possible manner.
Through a skilled combination of a surfactant – viewed on its own – with unfavourable skin tolerance but a very good soil removal property with a very mild, skin protecting surfactant altogether a product with good cleansing properties and the same good skin tolerances is obtained.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARETH-6:
Physical state: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point
Drop point: ca.47 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 243 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature > 200 °C
Decomposition temperature: > 300 °C
pH: 5,0 - 7,0 at 100 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: ca.70 mPa.s at 60 °C
Water solubility 100 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,0 g/cm3 at 60 °C - DIN 51757
Relative density: No data available

Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: 223.6±35.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 89.0±25.9 °C
Molecular Formula: C6H12N2O2
Molecular Weight: 144.172
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
appearance: solid with the consistency of wax,
colour: white or yellow-white (at @ 20 to 25 ᵒC),
sparingly soluble in water,
soluble in methylene chloride and ethanol,
hydroxyl value: 100-134 mg KOH/g,
acid value: ≤1.0 mg KOH/g,
saponification value: ≤3.0 mg KOH/g.



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARETH-6:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARETH-6:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARETH-6:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARETH-6:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARETH-6:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARETH-6:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
EMALEX 606
PEG-6 STEARYL ETHER
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 300 STEARYL ETHER
POLYOXYETHYLENE (6) STEARYL ETHER
STEARETH-6
STEARETH-6 [INCI]
Macrogol 20 Cetostearyl Ether
Alcohols, C16-18, ethoxylated
Cetomacrogol 1000
A 6
AT 11
Alfonic 1618-46
Alfonic 1618-60
Alfonic 1618-62
Alfonic 1618-78
Alfonic 1618-80
B 2050-01A
Berol 07
Brij 6
Brij CS 20
C16-18 alcohols, ethoxylated
C16-18 ethoxylated alcohols
C16-18 ethoxylated alcs
C16-18 fatty alcs., ethoxylated
CE 50
Cemulsol DB
Cetomacrogol
Cetomacrogol 1000BP
Cetostearyl alcohol ethoxylated
Cremophor A 25
Cresmer 1000
Disponil O 5
Disponil OC 5
Disponil TA 11
Disponil TA 14
Empilan KLA 6
Emuldac AS 11
Emuldac AS 25
Emuldac AS 80
Ethal 368
Ethal CSA 10
Ethal CSA 17
Ethal CSA 40/70
Ethoxylated C16-18 alcohol
Ethoxylated C16-18 alcs.
Ethoxylated C16-18 fatty alcohols
Ethoxylated alcohols, C16-18
Ethoxylated cetostearyl alcohol
Ethoxylated cetos
Methyl 2-piperazinecarboxylate
2-Piperazinecarboxylic acid, methyl ester
2-Piperazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester
MFCD07772085
alcohols,c16-18,ethoxylated
Alcohols,C16-18-ethoxylated
AliphaticC16-18-alcohol,ethoxylated
C16-18-Alkylalcohol,ethoxylate
C16-18-Alkylalcoholethoxylate
cremophor¨a25
ethoxylatedfattyalcohols(c16-18)
CETEARETH-2
alcohols,c16-18,ethoxylated
Alcohols,C16-18-ethoxylated
AliphaticC16-18-alcohol,ethoxylated
C16-18-Alkylalcohol,ethoxylate
C16-18-Alkylalcoholethoxylate
cremophor¨a25
ethoxylatedfattyalcohols(c16-18)
CETEARETH-2
Ceteareth-6
C16~18 Fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether
Alcohols, C16-18, ethoxylated
Ceteareth-10
Ceteareth A series
Alcohols C16-18 ethoxylated
Cremophor (R) A25
Surf A6
Surf A25
Surf A20
Surf AD
Ceteareth-25
Ceteareth-20
Cetearyl alcohol
Ceteareth-6 (and)fatty alcohol
Cetearyl alcohol (and) Ceteareth-20

STEARETH-7
cas no 57-11-4 n-Octadecanoate; 1-Heptadecanecarboxylic acid; n-Octadecylic acid; Cetylacetic acid; Acide octadecylique; Acide stearique; Stearophanic acid; Octadecanoic acid;
STEARIC ACID
Stearic acid (stearik asit) Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a saturated long-chain fatty acid with an 18-carbon backbone. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is found in various animal and plant fats, and is a major component of cocoa butter and shea butter.Octadecanoic acid is a C18 straight-chain saturated fatty acid component of many animal and vegetable lipids. As well as in the diet, it is used in hardening soaps, softening plastics and in making cosmetics, candles and plastics. It has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a long-chain fatty acid, a straight-chain saturated fatty acid and a saturated fatty acid. It is a conjugate acid of an octadecanoate. It derives from a hydride of an octadecane.Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a white solid with a mild odor. Floats on water.Alternative Titles: n-octadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), also called Octadecanoic Acid, one of the most common long-chain fatty acids, found in combined form in natural animal and vegetable fats. Commercial "Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit)" is a mixture of approximately equal amounts of stearic and palmitic acids and small amounts of oleic acid. It is employed in the manufacture of candles, cosmetics, shaving soaps, lubricants, and pharmaceuticals. Structural formula of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Structural formula of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. In nature Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) occurs primarily as a mixed triglyceride, or fat, with other long-chain acids and as an ester of a fatty alcohol. It is much more abundant in animal fat than in vegetable fat; lard and tallow often contain up to 30 percent Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Alkaline hydrolysis, or saponification, of fats yields soaps, which are the sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids; pure Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is obtained with difficulty from such a mixture by crystallization, vacuum distillation, or chromatography of the acids or suitable derivatives. The pure acid undergoes chemical reactions typical of carboxylic acids. It is a colourless, waxy solid that is almost insoluble in water.Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a very common amino acid is used in the manufacturing of more than 3,200 skin and hair care products sold in the United States. On product labels, it is sometimes listed under other names, including Century 1240, cetylacetic acid, Emersol 120, Emersol 132, Emersol 150, Formula 300 and Glycon DP. For Black Friday, you can get 25% off many professional skincare brands when you enter the code CYBER at the checkout, handy if you are searching for products which contain Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Where is Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) found? In nature, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is found in the fats and oils of plants and animals. Animal fat samples typically consist of 30% Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Most plant oils receive 5% of their volume from the amino acid, with the exception of cocoa butter and shea butter, which contain as much as nine times more Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit).How is Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) produced? To isolate the substance, fat or oil that contains the amino acid is heated and pressurized. Then, the material is placed in boiling water inside a distillation machine. This device catches the steam given off by boiling the fat or oil samples and then carries it through a series of chilled coils. The sudden drop in temperature causes the Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) to condense and become a liquid. It can then be further cooled to produce a waxy solid substance.What is Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) used in? One of the largest uses of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is in the production of soaps. When added to these products, the amino acid helps to thicken and harden the other ingredients to form a solid bar. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) also has important cleansing properties that make it useful in soaps. The ingredient acts as a surfactant, a substance that lowers the surface tension of oils. Oils have a higher surface tension than ordinary water, which is why water droplets do not readily mix with oils. By lowering the surface tension of oil, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) allows water to combine with the oil molecules and wash them away. As a result, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) helps to remove dirt, sweat and excess sebum from the skin and hair. This makes it a useful ingredient in cleansers, body washes and shampoos as well as bar soaps.Why is Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) in so many products? Because Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) helps water and oil mix, the ingredient is also added to many liquid cosmetics and skin and hair care products in low concentrations to function as an additive rather than an active ingredient or cleansing agent. In these products, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) helps prevent the formulas from separating into liquid and oily layers. As a result, products that contain Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) require less shaking prior to use and remain more potent when stored for extended periods of time.Is it Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) natural? Because Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is derived from natural sources and not produced in industrial settings, it is sometimes used as an alternative to chemical ingredients in natural skin care. Often the ingredient is sourced from by-products obtained during the processing of meats, particularly pork. For this reason, it is not frequently used in vegan cosmetics and skin care however; Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) sourced from plants is suitable in formulas that are animal-free.Can I use Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit)? The US Food and Drug Administration has concluded that Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is safe for topical use in skin care products in limited quantities, indicating that some people with sensitive skin may be unable to tolerate the ingredient. Introduction to Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), another name for octadecanoic acid CH3(CH2)16COOH, is one of the most common fatty acids. It exists as a glycerol ester in most animal and plant fats (Beare-Rogers, Dieffenbacher, & Holm, 2001). Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is more abundant in animal fat (up to 30%) than vegetable fat (typically <5%). The important exceptions are cocoa butter and shea butter, in which the Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) content (as a triglyceride) is 28-45%. Unlike the other long-chain saturated fatty acids, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) has no effect on lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in men or women (Yu, Derr, Etherton, & Kris-Etherton, 1995). Results from the study by Kelly et al. (2001) indicate that Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) (19 g/day) in the diet has favorable effects on thrombogenic and atherogenic risk factors in males; the authors recommend that the food industry consider enriching foods with Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) instead of palmitic acid and trans fatty acids. Thus, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is nontoxic and biocompatible with the human body. With a polar head group that can bind with metal cations and a nonpolar chain that confers solubility in organic solvents, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is commonly used in the production of detergents, soaps, and cosmetics, such as shampoos and shaving cream products.Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) (CH3(CH2)16CO2H) Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a saturated fatty acid that can deposit on the surface in special conditions. This acid is insoluble in water and soluble in ethanol. The copper substrate should be cleaned, pickled, and soaked in 10% volume HNO3 for oxide elimination. The clean sample should be soaked in ethanolic Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) solution (0.01 M) and 30 V DC should be applied. The anode and cathode should be made of copper. Studying the X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) peaks proves the existence of copper stearate components resulting from the reaction of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) with copper. The resulting component was studied using SEM (Figure 20). These components provide the necessary roughness and low energy of hydrophobia so the contact angle arrives at 153° and so the hysteresis of the contact angle decreases. Other researchers created a self-assembled layer on porous alumina using Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit).28 This method was performed on anodized aluminum in 0.01 volume of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) solution in ethanol for 30 min without applying any potential and superhydrophobia was achieved.CURE SYSTEM: Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) The primary function of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), normally 1 to 2 phr, is its reaction with zinc oxide to supply a reactive form of zinc for accelerator complexing. Higher concentrations (8 phr) produce minor reductions in viscosity, hysteresis and scorch safety. Swelling in 70°C water is substantially reduced from 15% to 8% at the 8 phr level in SBRs 1502 and 1509 (but not 1500). In a magnesia-zinc activated system, increased Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) at 6 phr was, except for reduced tensile, without effect.Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) was dissolved in 100 ml of 1-propanol. After addition of 3.1 ml of water, the solution was stirred for 30 min. Finally, 13.7 g of aluminum sec-butoxide was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 20 min. The prepared gel was aged at 100 °C for 50 h under static conditions. After cooling, filtration and washing with ethanol, the solid product was dried overnight at 50 °C. Calcination was carried out in a stream of nitrogen at 410 °C and then in air at 420 °C Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a saturated monobasic acid with 18 carbon-chain lengths. It is synthesized by the hydrolysis of animal fat or from hydrogenation of cottonseed or vegetable oil. Commercial Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a mixture of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) with palmitic and myristic acid. Depending on the ratio of the stearic to palmitic acid, it can vary from macrocrystalline (45:55 w/w) to microcrystalline (between 50:50 and 90:10 w/w) structure (Li & Wu, 2014). Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) polymorphic forms A, B, and C (most stable) are made using different organic solvents and crystallization conditions (Garti, Wellner, & Sarig, 1980). Thermal studies indicated that Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) from different suppliers showed little batch-to-batch or manufacturer-to-manufacturer variability (Garti et al., 1980; Inaoka, Kobayashi, Okada, & Sato, 1988). Because of its lower surface area, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is used at 1%-3% w/w concentration. Because magnesium stearate at a concentration of 0.25% w/w is reported to soften the tablets made with pregelatinized starch and potentially affects tablet strength and dissolution, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is the preferred lubricant for pregelatinized starch. The starch undergoes plastic deformation during tableting and therefore has higher sensitivity to the concentration of magnesium stearate. Also, as reported by Fouda et al., although magnesium stearate accelerated the degradation of aspirin, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) can protect drugs (aspirin) against degradation (Fouda, Mady, & El-Azab, 1998). In addition, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) also can play a role in the polymorphic phase transformation of drugs, which subsequently resulted in a slowing down of the dissolution of tablets (Wang, Davidovich, et al., 2010). Tablet dissolution was slow because of the transformation of polymorphic forms (Form II to Form I) of the drug, facilitated by Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) (Wang, Davidovich, et al., 2010).Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a typical example of a fatty acid, which are essentially long hydrocarbon chains containing a carboxyl group at one end and a methyl group at the other. The chain lengths can vary from 3 (propionic acid) to 24 (lignoceric acid) but the majority of fatty acids found in hydrogenated vegetable or animal oils are around C16-C20 in length. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a saturated acid, since there are no double bonds between neighbouring carbon atoms. This means that the hydrocarbon chain is flexible and can roll up into a ball or stetch out into a long zig-zag. It is made by extraction from tallow, which is the mixture of fats that are obtained by steam treating cow fat. Tallow contains tristearin (which is just 3 Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) molecules joined to one glycerol molecule, shown in blue in the figure), which, after heating with sodium hydoxide yields sodium stearate. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) TCC's Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), also called Octadecanoic Acid, is one of the most common long-chain fatty acids. It is found in combined form in natural animal and vegetable fats. Commercial Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a mixture of approximately equal amounts of stearic and palmitic acids and small amounts of oleic acid. It is employed in the manufacture of candles, cosmetics, shaving soaps, lubricants, and pharmaceuticals. Applications TCC's Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is mainly used in the production of detergents, soaps, and cosmetics such as shampoos and shaving cream products. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is used along with castor oil for preparing softeners in textile sizing. Being inexpensively available and chemically benign, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) finds many niche applications It is used in the manufacture of candles, and as a hardener in candies when mixed with simple sugar and corn syrup. It is also used to produce dietary supplements. In fireworks, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is often used to coat metal powders such as aluminum and iron. This prevents oxidation, allowing compositions to be stored for a longer period of time. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a common lubricant during injection molding and pressing of ceramic powders. It is also used as a mold release for foam latex that is baked in stone molds. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) (IUPAC systematic name: octadecanoic acid) is one of the useful types of saturated fatty acids that comes from many animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is a waxy solid. WHAT IS Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) - with the molecular formula C18H36O2, C17H35CO2H, or CH3(CH2)16COOH, and the CAS Number 57-11-4 - is one of the most useful fatty acids with a long carbon chain. Also referred to as octadecanoic acid according to its preferred IUPAC classification, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) gets its name from the Greek word meaning tallow. The ingredient is made predominantly from triglycerides rendered from animal fat. It can be stored at room temperature and is often used in the creation of soaps and candles. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is most often produced through the process of saponification, which converts fats and oils into alcohol and soaps by means of adding heat along with a liquid alkali. Saponification is typically carried out on animal fats and vegetable oils.MANY COMMERCIAL USES FOR Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) With its many commercial uses, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is in constant demand across many industries. If you are a supplier of food grade additives and ingredients, you need a Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) distributor like Brenntag North America. With specialized global distribution experience and facilities that are in full compliance with ISO standards and HACCP food safety regulations.INDUSTRIES IN WHICH Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) IS COMMONLY USED Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is bifunctional in nature. Its nonpolar chain allows organic solvents to dissolve. Plus, its polar head group can be linked to positively charged metal ions. As a result, its commercial uses fall into several categories. In the food industry, it is used as a food additive, for example as a flavoring agent in certain dairy products to create an artificial flavoring that approximates that of butter. In addition, it is a highly useful binding agent used as a key ingredient in chewing gum, edible waxes, and other candied coatings. This ingredient's food grade uses also cross over into the pharmaceutical industry, where Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is used as an additive in tablets to bind solid ingredients together. That way, the tablets do not disintegrate while in storage in bottles. Furthermore, with the addition of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), tablets only release their active ingredients after they reach the acids found in the human stomach. Both the personal care and household products industries rely on Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) to produce a variety of detergents, soaps, and cosmetics. For example, shampoos, shaving creams, and soaps derive their pearly appearance from esters of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). In addition, the fatty acid is used as a lubricant - lithium stearate, for instance, is one of the main components of grease. Furthermore, it is used as a softening agent in various manufacturing processes ranging from softening PVC to the manufacture of automotive tires. As a cost-effective and benign additive, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) has several niche uses. It is used to coat iron and aluminum in the fabrication of fireworks. It is also used in the production of lead-acid batteries. Along with corn syrup or sugar, it is used as a hardening agent in the making of candles. Plus, it is used as a lubricating and release agent in several molding and casting processes, ranging from releasing foam latex from stone molds to lubricating ceramic powders employed in injection molds.CHEMICAL PROPERTY INFORMATION FOR Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) After palmitic acid, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is one of the most naturally occurring saturated fatty acids. It is a waxy, colorless solid that is practically insoluble in water. Its esters and salts are referred to as stearates, and the triglyceride stearin is produced from three of its molecules. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) (/ˈstɪərɪk/ STEER-ik, /stiˈærɪk/ stee-ARR-ik) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain. The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid. It is a waxy solid and its chemical formula is C17H35CO2H. Its name comes from the Greek word στέαρ "stéar", which means tallow. The salts and esters of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) are called stearates. As its ester, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid.[10] The triglyceride derived from three molecules of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is called stearin. Production of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is obtained from fats and oils by the saponification of the triglycerides using hot water (about 100 °C). The resulting mixture is then distilled.[11] Commercial Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is often a mixture of stearic and palmitic acids, although purified Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is available. Fats and oils rich in Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) are more abundant in animal fat (up to 30%) than in vegetable fat (typically <5%). The important exceptions are the foods cocoa butter (34%)[12] and shea butter, where the Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) content (as a triglyceride) is 28–45%.[13] In terms of its biosynthesis, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is produced from carbohydrates via the fatty acid synthesis machinery wherein acetyl-CoA contributes two-carbon building blocks. Uses of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) In general, the applications of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) exploit its bifunctional character, with a polar head group that can be attached to metal cations and a nonpolar chain that confers solubility in organic solvents. The combination leads to uses as a surfactant and softening agent. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) undergoes the typical reactions of saturated carboxylic acids, a notable one being reduction to stearyl alcohol, and esterification with a range of alcohols. This is used in a large range of manufactures, from simple to complex electronic devices. As food additive Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) (E number E570) is found in some foods.[14] Soaps, cosmetics, detergents Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is mainly used in the production of detergents, soaps, and cosmetics such as shampoos and shaving cream products. Soaps are not made directly from Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), but indirectly by saponification of triglycerides consisting of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) esters. Esters of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) with ethylene glycol, glycol stearate, and glycol distearate are used to produce a pearly effect in shampoos, soaps, and other cosmetic products. They are added to the product in molten form and allowed to crystallize under controlled conditions. Detergents are obtained from amides and quaternary alkylammonium derivatives of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Lubricants, softening and release agents In view of the soft texture of the sodium salt, which is the main component of soap, other salts are also useful for their lubricating properties. Lithium stearate is an important component of grease. The stearate salts of zinc, calcium, cadmium, and lead are used to soften PVC. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is used along with castor oil for preparing softeners in textile sizing. They are heated and mixed with caustic potash or caustic soda. Related salts are also commonly used as release agents, e.g. in the production of automobile tires. As an example, it can be used to make castings from a plaster piece mold or waste mold, and to make a mold from a shellacked clay original. In this use, powdered Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is mixed in water and the suspension is brushed onto the surface to be parted after casting. This reacts with the calcium in the plaster to form a thin layer of calcium stearate, which functions as a release agent.[15] When reacted with zinc it forms zinc stearate, which is used as a lubricant for playing cards (fanning powder) to ensure a smooth motion when fanning. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a common lubricant during injection molding and pressing of ceramic powders.[16] It is also used as a mold release for foam latex that is baked in stone molds. Niche uses Being inexpensive, nontoxic, and fairly inert, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) finds many niche applications.[11] Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is used as a negative plate additive in the manufacture of lead-acid batteries. It is added at the rate of 0.6 g per kg of the oxide while preparing the paste. It is believed to enhance the hydrophobicity of the negative plate, particularly during dry-charging process. It also reduces the extension of oxidation of the freshly formed lead (negative active material) when the plates are kept for drying in the open atmosphere after the process of tank formation. As a consequence, the charging time of a dry uncharged battery during initial filling and charging (IFC) is comparatively lower, as compared to a battery assembled with plates which do not contain Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) additive. Fatty acids are classic components of candle-making. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is used along with simple sugar or corn syrup as a hardener in candies. In fireworks, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is often used to coat metal powders such as aluminium and iron. This prevents oxidation, allowing compositions to be stored for a longer period of time. Metabolism An isotope labeling study in humans[17] concluded that the fraction of dietary Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) that oxidatively desaturates to oleic acid is 2.4 times higher than the fraction of palmitic acid analogously converted to palmitoleic acid. Also, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is less likely to be incorporated into cholesterol esters. In epidemiologic and clinical studies, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) was found to be associated with lowered LDL cholesterol in comparison with other saturated fatty acids.[18] Salts and esters Stearates are the salts or esters of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). The conjugate base of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), C17H35COO−, is also known as the stearate anion. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), also known as stearate or 18:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) exists as a solid and is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) has been found throughout most human tissues, and has also been detected in most biofluids, including blood, urine, sweat, and saliva. Within the cell, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is primarily located in the cytoplasm, membrane (predicted from logP), myelin sheath and adiposome. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Dhap(18:0E) and Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) can be biosynthesized from dhap(18:0) and octadecanol; which is catalyzed by the enzyme dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase and alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase. In addition, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) can be biosynthesized from stearoyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme acyl-CoA thioesterase. In humans, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is involved in plasmalogen synthesis pathway. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is also involved in the metabolic disorder called the mitochondrial Beta-oxidation OF long chain saturated fatty acids pathway. Outside of the human body, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) can be found in a number of food items such as common cabbage, tamarind, breadnut tree seed, and pili nut. This makes Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is a potentially toxic compound. Animal cells can de novo synthesize palmitic and stearic fatty acid and their n-9 derivatives. However, de novo synthesis requires the utilization of energy. Palmitic acid (C16) is the immediate precursor of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) (C18). In animal cells, oleic acid is created by the dehydrogenation (desaturation) of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Oleic acid is further elongated and desaturated into a family of n-9 fatty acids. The demand for energy used to synthesize n-9 fatty acids can be reduced in cell culture by providing palmitic and Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit)s. In addition, since palmitic and Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) are saturated, they are not peroxidized during delivery to the cells. A mild moisturizing body wash with Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), a key component of corneum lipids, and emollient soybean oil has been introduced in the market place. The objectives of this study are to determine the amount and the location of the Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) in the corneum after in vivo cleansing by the formulation. Clinical cleansing studies for one and five consecutive days were carried out with the formulation containing soybean oil or petroleum jelly (PJ). The free Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) in it was replaced by the fully deuterated variant. The amounts of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) in 10 consecutive corneum tape strips were measured by liquid chromatograph-mass spectroscopy. Separately, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements were taken with a porcine skin after a wash by the soybean oil formulation with its free fatty acid replaced by its spin probe analogue, 5-doxyl Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Deuterated Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) was detected in all 10 consecutive layers of stratum corneum and the total amount after five washes with the soybean oil formulation was 0.33 ug/sq cm. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) metabolism via beta-oxidation, omega-oxidation, and (omega-1)-oxidation has been demonstrated in rat liver. Removal of a single acetate moiety can occur to produce palmitic acid, and both this and Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) may be desaturated, producing oleic and palmitoleic acids, respectively. After (l4)C Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) was injected into rats, about 50 percent of the liver (14)C was recovered as oleic acid, indicating that extensive desaturation occurs. Desaturation occurs only to a small extent extrahepatically but has been detected in adipose tissue and in cells of mammary tissue. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is also incorporated into phospholipids, di- and triglycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and other sterol esters. Animal cells can de novo synthesize palmitic and stearic fatty acid and their n-9 derivatives. However, de novo synthesis requires the utilization of energy. Palmitic acid (C16) is the immediate precursor of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) (C18). In animal cells, oleic acid is created by the dehydrogenation (desaturation) of Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit). Oleic acid is further elongated and desaturated into a family of n-9 fatty acids. The demand for energy used to synthesize n-9 fatty acids can be reduced in cell culture by providing palmitic and Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit)s. In addition, since palmitic and Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) are saturated, they are not peroxidized during delivery to the cells. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit), also known as stearate or 18:0, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as long-chain fatty acids. These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 13 and 21 carbon atoms. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) exists as a solid and is considered to be practically insoluble (in water) and relatively neutral. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) has been found throughout most human tissues, and has also been detected in most biofluids, including blood, urine, sweat, and saliva. Within the cell, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is primarily located in the cytoplasm, membrane (predicted from logP), myelin sheath and adiposome. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Dhap(18:0E) and Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) can be biosynthesized from dhap(18:0) and octadecanol; which is catalyzed by the enzyme dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase and alkyldihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase. In addition, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) can be biosynthesized from stearoyl-CoA through its interaction with the enzyme acyl-CoA thioesterase. In humans, Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is involved in plasmalogen synthesis pathway. Stearic acid (STEARIC ACID, stearik asit) is also involved in the metabolic disorder
STEARIC ALCOHOL
Stearic alcohol is waxy solid alcohol formerly obtained from whale or dolphin oil and used as a lubricant and antifoam agent and to retard evaporation of water from reservoirs.
Stearic alcohol is used as an opacifying agent and foaming surfactant, as well as an aqueous and non-aqueous viscosity increasing agent.
Stearic alcohol is a vegetable-derived ingredient that's naturally found in plants, insects, and even humans.

CAS Number: 112-92-5
EC Number: 204-017-6
Chemical Formula: C18H38O
Molar Mass: 270.49 g/mol

Stearic alcohol is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearic alcohol consists predominantly of cetyl and Stearic alcohols and is classified as a fatty alcohol.

Stearic alcohol is used as an opacifying agent and foaming surfactant, as well as an aqueous and non-aqueous viscosity increasing agent.
Stearic alcohol provides an emollient feel to the skin and can be used in water-in-oil emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, and anhydrous formulations.

Stearic alcohol is widely used in conditioners and other cosmetic products due to Stearic alcohol emollient properties.
Use Stearic alcohol 1% to 25% by weight inclusion.

Stearic alcohol itself is not an emulsifier, but must be combined with another emulsifier.
The appearance of Stearic alcohol can be pastel or flake.

Stearic alcohol is waxy solid alcohol formerly obtained from whale or dolphin oil and used as a lubricant and antifoam agent and to retard evaporation of water from reservoirs.
Stearic alcohol is now manufactured by chemical reduction of stearic acid.

Stearic alcohol is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.

Stearic alcohol is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.
Stearic alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.

Stearic alcohol is a saturated fatty acid prevalent in animal fats, but rich plant sources of stearic acid include palm fruit, cocoa butter and shea butter.
The Stearic alcohol we use is derived from plant (non-animal) sources.

Stearic alcohol can be used in personal care products as an emollient, helping to nourish skin and hair, leaving them soft and smooth.
Stearic alcohol also has emulsion stabilizing properties, and can be used to help balance and add structure to oil-water formulations.

Stearic alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearic alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.

Stearic alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.
Stearic alcohol derives from a hydride of an octadecane.

Stearic alcohol is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Stoebe vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.

Stearic alcohol is a vegetable-derived ingredient that's naturally found in plants, insects, and even humans.
Per our point about not all alcohols being the same, those used in skincare typically fall into one of two categories.
Stearic alcohol is a long-chained fatty alcohol, which differs from volatile alcohols, such as denatured alcohol (also known as alcohol denat), isopropyl alcohol, and SD alcohol.

The latter are fast-drying and cooling and evaporate as soon as they're applied onto the skin.
Stearic alcohol is often used as astringents, preservatives, or solvents.

Stearic alcohol is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
A natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source, Stearic alcohol changes the viscosity and adds a to creams and lotions, whilst adding stability

Stearic alcohol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
Stearic alcohol is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Stearic alcohol is palm oil-derived Stearic alcohol.
Stearic alcohol is a fatty alcohol sold in flakes, pastilles and beads available in grade and kosher preparations.

Stearic alcohol can be natural, derived from plant-based oils like palm or coconut, or they can be synthetic.
Stearic alcohol is act as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity controllers and dispersants.
Stearic alcohol is used as chemical intermediates, most often used in surfactants to enhance foaming and cleaning properties in detergents and cleaners.

Stearic alcohol is used as a nonionic surfactant and intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, textiles and waxes.
Stearic alcohol is also used as an ingredient in various lubricants, perfumes, personal care products and more.
Stearic alcohol is manufactured from renewable palm oil sources, without the use of GMOs.

Stearic alcohol is made from a minimum 98 percent C18 and no more than 2 percent C16.
Stearic alcohol has a maximum acid value of 0.5, a maximum saponification value of 1.0 and a maximum iodine value of 2.0.

Testing is performed to AOCS standards ensuring accuracy and exceptional quality control.
Great care has been taken to ensure our product is safe to use in cosmetics and other applications.

Stearic alcohol is free from peanuts, tree nuts, dairy, gluten and other common allergens.
Stearic alcohol contains no residual solvents and is bovine spongiform encephalopathy/transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (BSE/TSE) free.
Also, Stearic alcohol is not tested on animals and is REACH registered.

Stearic alcohol is a fatty alcohol used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.
Stearic alcohol is not to be confused with the drying, irritating types of alcohol such as SD alcohol or denatured alcohol.
Stearic alcohol also has cleansing and foam-boosting properties and isn’t considered drying on skin.

Stearic alcohol in its raw form is a white, waxy substance.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has ruled Stearic alcohol safe as a food additive, and the independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel deems Stearic alcohol safe as used in cosmetics.

Stearic alcohol is a vegetable-based, highly refined fatty alcohol.

Stearic alcohol is a vegetable-based, refined fatty alcohol.
Stearic alcohol is an all-purpose, vegetable sourced, all natural and from from sustainable coconut oils.

Stearic alcohol is a very effective stabilizer, thickening agent, emulsifier, for making all kinds of lotions and creams, body butters and more.
Like other fatty alcohols stearyl is an excellent natural thickener and emulsifier or co emulsifier, and imparts a nice smooth feel.
Stearic alcohol is a very useful additive in creams, lotions and more, as a secondary emulsifier, thickener, emollient, and is compatible with nearly all cosmetic ingredients.

Compared to other fatty alcohols, like cetyl alcohol, in many formulations, the Stearic alcohol will result in a slightly more softer, conditioned feel, and after-feel sensory wise, and a whiter appearance.

Stearic alcohol is a 100% natural, vegetable derived fatty alcohol, used widely in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
Stearic alcohol is commonly used to form emulsions and is used as a conditioner, emollient, emulsifier and thickener in many cosmetic and personal care products.

As an emulsifier, Stearic alcohol helps to bind and keep product ingredients from separating (oil and water), as well as giving products better spreadability.
As a thickening agent and surfactant, Stearic alcohol helps to increase the viscosity (thickness) of Stearic alcohol and can also increase the foaming capacity.

Stearic alcohol has emollient properties and also can function as an emulsifier and thickener in products.
In stick products, such as deodorants and antiperspirants, Stearic alcohol helps to emulsify the active ingredient and fragrance into the wax base.
Stearic alcohol also helps modify the physical texture of the stick’s waxy base.

Stearic alcohol is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearic alcohol is found naturally in various mammalian tissues.

Stearic alcohol is used in the biosynthesis of lipids and other naturally occurring cellular constituents and enters metabolic pathways for energy production.
In the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries Stearic alcohol can be used as an emulsion stabilizer, fragrance ingredient, surfactant/emulsifying agent, foam booster, and as a viscosity increasing agent.

Stearic alcohol is found as an ingredient of hydrophilic ointments and petrolatums, and is also used in the preparation of creams.
Stearic alcohol appears to be poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.

Stearic alcohol is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearic alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.

Stearic alcohol has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Stearic alcohol is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.

Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of Stearic alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.
Stearic alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.

Stearic alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearic alcohol has low toxicity.

Stearic alcohol is one of the most promising fatty alcohols to be used for food applications as an oil-structuring agent.
Shows peanut oil containing 2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0% of Stearic alcohol (C18OH).

The minimum gelling concentration (MGC), that is the lowest concentration that is permitted to obtain a self-standing material, is 2.5% (w/w). As described by Valoppi et al. (2017), the MGC depends on the chain length of the fatty alcohol and decreases as the chain length of fatty alcohols increases.
The MGC is also affected by the cooling rate applied: upon fast cooling, the ability of molecules to gel is reduced with a concomitant increase of the MGC.

For instance, the MGC of Stearic alcohol in peanut oil increases from 2.5% to 7.0% (w/w) upon cooling at 5 and 40°C/min, respectively.
This is due to the changes in crystal size and morphology as a consequence of the cooling rate used during oleogel preparation.

Stearic alcohol is evident that a slow cooling rate (5°C/min) of oil with 5% of C18OH leads to the formation of crystal structures 10 times larger than at a fast cooling rate (40°C/min).
Similar results were obtained for C16OH-, C20OH-, and C22OH-containing oleogels.

Uses of Stearic alcohol:
Stearic alcohol is used as a substitute for cetyl alcohol in pharmaceutical dispensing.
Stearic alcohol is used in cosmetic creams and perfumery.

Stearic alcohol is used in textile oils and finishes.
Stearic alcohol is used as an antifoam agent; and in lubricants, resins, and surface active agents.

Synthetic Stearic alcohol has been approved as a direct and indirect food additive ingredient and as an ingredient in over-the-counter drugs.
Substitute for cetyl alcohol in pharmaceutical dispensing, in cosmetic creams, for emulsions, textile oils and finishes.

Stearic alcohol is used as antifoam agent, lubricant, and chemical raw material.
Stearic alcohol is used in perfumery, cosmetics, intermediate, surface active agents, lubricants, resins, antifoam agent.
Stearic alcohol is used in antifoam agent.

Stearic alcohol is used in resins, and USP ointments.
Synthetic Stearic alcohol has been approved as a direct and indirect food additive ingredient and as an ingredient in over-the-counter drugs.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Stearic alcohol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, coating products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, adhesives and sealants, non-metal-surface treatment products, washing & cleaning products, air care products, anti-freeze products and welding & soldering products.
Stearic alcohol is used in the following areas: building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Stearic alcohol is used for the manufacture of: , mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), machinery and vehicles, rubber products and plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Stearic alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Uses at industrial sites:
Stearic alcohol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, coating products, adhesives and sealants, non-metal-surface treatment products and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Stearic alcohol is used in the following areas: building & construction work and mining.

Stearic alcohol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, , mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement) and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Stearic alcohol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Antioxidant
Cleaning agent
Defoamer
Emulsifier
Fuel
Intermediate
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Monomers
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Processing aids not otherwise specified
Solubility enhancer
Solvent
Surfactant (surface active agent)
Viscosity modifiers

Consumer Uses:
Stearic alcohol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, anti-freeze products, finger paints, lubricants and greases and polishes and waxes.
Other release to the environment of Stearic alcohol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Other Consumer Uses:
Cleaning agent
Emulsifier
Fuel
Lubricating agent
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Pigment
Solvent
Surfactant (surface active agent)

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Applications of Stearic alcohol:
Stearic alcohol is most commonly used in all kinds of cosmetic products.
Stearic alcohol can also be successfully used in other industrial sectors.

Stearic alcohol is found in a number of detergents – Stearic alcohol is responsible for foam stabilisation in products intended for cleaning hard surfaces.
In the pulp and paper industry, Stearic alcohol is a component of emulsion skimmers.
Stearic alcohol is a component of processing fluids, and in the paint and varnish industry serves as a component of open-time regulators.

Benefits of Stearic alcohol:

Benefits for Skin:
On the flip side, because Stearic alcohol is a fatty alcohol, Stearic alcohol is not drying, non-irritating, and usually beneficial when used consistently.
Stearic alcohol acts as an emollient, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft by forming a protective layer on the surface and helping to prevent moisture loss.
Stearic alcohol is often combined with cetyl alcohol (another fatty alcohol) to create Stearic alcohol, which also has emollient properties.

The primary reason Stearic alcohol shows up in skincare products has more to do with formulation reasons and Stearic alcohol ability to act as an emulsifier, ensuring that oil and water can be blended so that products ultimately feel thicker and more cosmetically pleasing.

Functions of Stearic alcohol:
Stearic alcohol is a popular alcohol added to many cosmetic formulations.
Stearic alcohol action is based on the function of the solvent of active substances, the function of a preservative or emulsifier.

Moreover, Stearic alcohol has other important functions in cosmetic products:

Bodying agent:
As a substance with emulsion stabilising properties, Stearic alcohol gives the desired form of a cosmetic product.
Stearic alcohol is responsible for the stabilisation of oil-in-water emulsions, water-in-oil emulsions and water-free formulations.

Stearic alcohol directly affects the viscosity of a product, giving Stearic alcohol appropriate performance and application properties.
Fatty alcohols, which include cetyl alcohol and Stearic alcohol, are designed to stabilise the emulsion, i.e., prevent Stearic alcohol from delaminating into water and oily components.
Stearic alcohol also provides and improves spreadability and can support foaming.

Emollient:
Stearic alcohol is included in a range of cosmetics designed for skin and hair care.
Stearic alcohol creates a so-called occlusive layer on the surface.

Stearic alcohol prevents excessive evaporation of water, thus keeping skin and hair soft and smooth.
For this reason, Stearic alcohol is dedicated primarily for use on dry skin.

As an emollient, Stearic alcohol is indirectly also a cosmetic ingredient with a moisturising effect.
Stearic alcohol reduces the drying effect of anionic surfactants – leaves the skin moisturised and covered with a protective layer.

Regreasing substance:
Cleansing cosmetic products remove sebum and epidermal fatty substances from the skin surface.
While Stearic alcohol is desirable to thoroughly clean the skin, Stearic alcohol also allows unwanted substances from the environment to penetrate into the deeper layers of the skin.
For this reason, regreasing substances, such as Stearic alcohol, are commonly added to cosmetics, creating a specific protective layer.

Emulsifying:
Promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil).

Emulsion stabilising:
Promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion.

Foam boosting:
Improves the quality of the foam produced by increasing one or more of the following properties: volume, texture and/or stability.

Masking:
Reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product.

Opacifying:
Reduces transparency or translucency of cosmetics.

Refatting:
Restores lipids in hair or in upper layers of the skin.

Surfactant:
Reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of Stearic alcohol when it is used.

Viscosity controlling:
Increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics.

Cosmetic products containing Stearic alcohol:
Hair shampoos,
Hair conditioners,
Cleansing milks and oils,
Shower gels,
Body lotions,
Hand and foot creams,
Aftershave creams,
Body scrubs,
Self-tanners,
Anti-wrinkle creams,
Hair removal preparations,
Mascaras,
Lip balms,
Anti-acne preparations.

Characteristics of Stearic alcohol:
Stearic alcohol is the name given by the INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) to a compound non-ionic surfactant that is a mixture of cetyl alcohol and Stearic alcohol.
Both of these alcohols are fatty alcohols.

Manufacturing Methods of Stearic alcohol:
Stearic alcohol is prepared commercially via Ziegler aluminum alkyl hydrolysis or the catalytic, high-pressure hydrogenation of stearyl acid, followed by filtration and distillation.
Stearic alcohol may also be derived from natural fats and oils.

General Manufacturing Information of Stearic alcohol:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Machinery Manufacturing
Mining (except Oil and Gas) and support activities
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Other (requires additional information)
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of Stearic alcohol:

Bionecessity:
Stearic alcohol is found naturally in various mammalian tissues.
Stearic alcohol is used in the biosynthesis of lipids and other naturally occurring cellular constituents and enters metabolic pathways for energy production.

Action Mechanism of Stearic alcohol:
Ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-octanol had essentially the same effects on the mitochondrial ultrastructure: a mixed population of small and enlarged mitochondria with poorly developed cristae.
1-dodecanol induced ultrastructural changes of mitochondria of two distinct types: a mixed population of small and enlarged mitochondria with poorly developed cristae in some hepatocytes and remarkably enlarged mitochondria with well-developed cristate in others; and Stearic alcohol induced remarkably enlarged mitochondria in all hepatocytes.

The reactivity of the fatty alcohols with cetrimide decreased with increasing chain length although branching on the tetradecanol and hexadecanol resulted in a higher reactivity.
Adding Stearic alcohol to 1-hexadecanol resulted in an increased reactivity rising to a maximum for mixtures containing 20-40% w/w Stearic alcohol.

Peak inhibition was recorded with saturated primary alcohols (64 microM) varying in chain length from 16 to 19 carbon atoms.
The unsaturated alcohols (oleyl, linoleyl, and linolenyl) and the secondary alcohol (pentadecan-2-ol) were considerably less effective growth inhibitors.
Stearic and palmitic acids were also ineffective.

After incubation of stationary phase Leishmania donovani with [1-14C]octadecanol, about 70% of the precursor was taken up within 3 hr.
Wax esters and acyl moieties of glycerolipids contained most of the 14C-activity from 3 to 6 hr, because octadecanol was partly oxidized to stearate.

Ether moieties were only weakly labeled.
After 40 hr, 1-0-alkyl and 1-0-alk-1'-enyl diacylglycerols as well as 1-0-alkyl and 1-0-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines contained nearly all of the radioactivity.
Most of the label in the neutral ether lipids was located in the alkyl ether side chain, whereas, in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction, most of the label was found in the alkenyl ether side chain.

Human Metabolite Information of Stearic alcohol:

Tissue Locations:
Adipose Tissue
Bladder
Brain
Epidermis
Eye Lens
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Kidney
Liver
Neuron
Ovary
Pancreas
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen
Testis
Thyroid Gland

Cellular Locations:
Extracellular
Membrane

Handling and Storage of Stearic alcohol:

Safe Storage:
Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.

First Aid Measures of Stearic alcohol:

Eye First Aid:
First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Ingestion First Aid:
Rinse mouth.

Fire Fighting:
In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
To fight fire use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Accidental Release Measures of Stearic alcohol:

Spillage Disposal:
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
Carefully collect remainder.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cleanup Methods:
Sweep spilled substance into containers.
Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.

Disposal Methods of Stearic alcohol:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Stearic alcohol approved use or return Stearic alcohol to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
Stearic alcohol's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Identifiers of Stearic alcohol:
CAS Number: 112-92-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:32154
ChEMBL: ChEMBL24640
ChemSpider: 7928
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.652
PubChem CID: 8221
UNII: 2KR89I4H1Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID8026935
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H3
Key: GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H3
Key: GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES: OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC

CAS number: 112-92-5
EC number: 204-017-6
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₃₈O
Molar Mass: 270.49 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 17 00

Properties of Stearic alcohol:
Chemical formula: C18H38O
Molar mass: 270.49 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Density: 0.812 g/cm3
Melting point: 59.4 to 59.8 °C (138.9 to 139.6 °F; 332.5 to 332.9 K)
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) at 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa)
Solubility in water: 1.1×10−3 mg/L

Boiling point: 330 - 360 °C
Density: 0.805 - 0.815 g/cm3 (60 °C)
Flash point: 195 °C
Ignition temperature: 230 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point: 55 - 60 °C
Vapor pressure: <1 hPa (20 °C)
Bulk density: 300 kg/m3

Molecular Weight: 270.5 g/mol
XLogP3: 8.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Complexity: 145
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Stearic alcohol:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 96.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 56 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 59 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Acid Value (mg KOH/g): 0.1 Max
Saponification Value (mg KOH/g): 0.5 Max
Iodine Value (% I2absorbed): 0.3 Max
Hydroxyl Value (mgKOH/g): 200-210
Hydrocarbon (%): 0.50 max
Color (APHA): 10 Max
Moisture Content (%): 0.2 Max
Fatty Alcohol Content (%): 99 min

Composition (%):
≤ C16: 2 Max
C18: 98 min
≥ C20: 2 Max

Product Form: Liquid
Packaging: Drum; ISO; Bulk

Names of Stearic alcohol:

Regulatory process names:
1-Octadecanol
Octadecan-1-ol
octadecan-1-ol
Stearyl alcohol

IUPAC names:
1-Octadecanol
1-Octadecanol
Alcohol C18
OCTADECAN-1-OL
Octadecan-1-ol
octadecan-1-ol
Octadecan-1-ol
octadecan-1-ol
Octadecanol
Octadecanol
STEARYL ALCOHOL
Stearyl alcohol
stearyl alcohol
Stearyl Alcohol
Stearyl alcohol

Preferred IUPAC name:
Octadecan-1-ol

Trade names:
1-Octadecanol
Stearyl alcohol
Octadecanol
Octadecyl alcohol
N-Octadecanol
Alfol 18
CO-1897
ECOROL 18/98
ECOROL 18/98 F
ECOROL 18/98 P
ECOROL 18/99 P
ECOROL 28
Fatty alcohol 1218
Ginol 1618
Ginol 18
Kalcol
Leunapol-FA 18
MASCOL 1898
MASCOL 1898P
MASCOL 68/30 (70% C18)
MASCOL 68/50 (50% C18)
Nacol 18
Nafol 1218
Nafol 1618
Rofanol 50/55 V
Rofanol 60/65 V
Rofanol 70/75 V
Rofanol 80/85 V
Stearyl Alcohol
TA-1618
MASCOL 1898

Other names:
1-Octadecanol
Octadecan-1-ol

Other identifiers:
112-92-5
193766-48-2
8014-37-7
8032-19-7
8032-21-1
8034-90-0

Synonyms of Stearic alcohol:
Stearyl alcohol
Octadecan-1-ol
1-OCTADECANOL
Octadecanol
112-92-5
1-Hydroxyoctadecane
Octadecyl alcohol
n-Octadecanol
n-1-Octadecanol
Stearol
n-Octadecyl alcohol
Stearic alcohol
Atalco S
Alfol 18
Steraffine
Alcohol stearylicus
Polaax
Stenol
Crodacol-S
Siponol S
Siponol SC
Aldol 62
Lanol S
Sipol S
Adol 68
Decyl octyl alcohol
Cachalot S-43
Lorol 28
1-0ctadecanol
Dytol E-46
Stearylalkohol
Usp xiii stearyl alcohol
Octadecylalkohol
C18 alcohol
Rita SA
Lanette 18
Hainol 18SS
Alcohol(C18)
Custom stearyl
CO-1895
Ultrapure s
Oristar sa
Lipocol s-deo
Lipocol S
Stearyl alcohol s
Crodacol s95
Octadecanol, 1-
Stearyl alcohol pc
Alfol 18 alcohol
Aec stearyl alcohol
Crodacol s-95
Kalcohl 80
Nacol 18do alcohol
Conol 30F
Nikkol stearyl alcohol
CCRIS 3960
Rofamol
Sabonal c 18 95
CO-1897
Nacol 18-94 alcohol
Nacol 18-98 alcohol
Nacol 18-99 alcohol
Conol 1675
HSDB 1082
Octadecanol NF
Crodacol S
NSC 5379
NSC-5379
1-stearyl alcohol
EINECS 204-017-6
UNII-2KR89I4H1Y
BRN 1362907
2KR89I4H1Y
DTXSID8026935
CHEBI:32154
Kalcohl 8098
OCTADECENOL-
AI3-01330
Adol 62
C18H38O
NSC5379
CO 1895F
MFCD00002823
Stearyl alcohol [JAN:NF]
Stearyl alcohol [USAN:JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/F
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/P
DTXCID306935
N-OCTADECYL-D37 ALCOHOL
EC 204-017-6
4-01-00-01888 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
EINECS 272-778-1
CACHALOT S-56 STEARYL ALCOHOL
68911-61-5
NCGC00159369-02
NCGC00159369-04
STEARYL ALCOHOL (II)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [II]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (MART.)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
CAS-112-92-5
stearylalcohol
Octanodecanol
Stearal
-n octadecanol
Alcool starylique
n-octadecylalcohol
Varonic BG
1-hidroxioctadecane
Crodacol S70
Crodacol S95NF
Stearyl alcohol NF
alcohol n-Octadecil
Lanette 18DEO
stearyl alcohol pure
Aec cetearyl alcohol
Cachalot S 43
Cachalot S-56
Crodacol S 70
Crodacol S 95
Laurex 18
Octadecan- 1- ol
Philcohol 1800
Stearyl alcohol USP
Lanette 18 DEO
Alfol 18NF
Conol 30SS
Crodacol 1618
Conol 30S
Lorol C18
86369-69-9
Crodacol S 95 NF
Kalchol 8098
Kalcohl 8099
Alfol 1618 alcohol
Adol 64
Alcohol cetylstearylicus
Alfol 1618e alcohol
Hyfatol 18-95
Hyfatol 18-98
Kalcol 8098
Lorol C 18
Speziol C 18 Pharma
Alfol 1618cg alcohol
1-Octadecanol, 95%
SSD AF (Salt/Mix)
Nacol 18-98
VLTN 6
Ceteareth-20 (Salt/Mix)
SCHEMBL23810
OCTADECANOL [WHO-DD]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MI]
CHEMBL24640
Stearyl alcohol (JP17/NF)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
WLN: Q18
STEARYL ALCOHOL [VANDF]
SCHEMBL10409854
Stearyl alcohol; octadecan-1-ol
STEARYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD]
CS-D1671
HY-Y1809
Tox21_111610
LMFA05000085
STL453659
1-Octadecanol, technical grade, 80%
AKOS009031494
Tox21_111610_1
1-Octadecanol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
CO 1895
CO 1897
CO 1898
Octadecan-1-ol (Langkettige Alkohole)
NCGC00159369-03
LS-97715
SY011369
1-Octadecanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
FT-0761208
O0006
1-Octadecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
EN300-19954
1-Octadecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 94%
D01924
A802702
L000755
Q632384
SR-01000944718
J-002873
SR-01000944718-1
Z104476204
Stearyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
2DEF44B7-B367-4188-89E4-531379568C74
Stearyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Stearyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
InChI=1/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H
Octadecan-1-ol [Wiki]
112-92-5 [RN]
1362907 [Beilstein]
1-Octadecanol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Octadecanol [German] [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Octadécanol [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
204-017-6 [EINECS]
2KR89I4H1Y
MFCD00002823 [MDL number]
octadecyl alcohol
RG2010000
Stearyl alcohol [JAN] [JP15] [NF] [USAN]
stenol
steryl alcohol
Octadecanol NF [NF]
Stearal
1-hydroxyoctadecane
1-Octacosanol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
1-Octadecan-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,12,12,13,13,14,14,15,15,16,16,17,17,18,18,18-d37-ol(9CI)
1-OCTADECANOL-1,1-D2
1-Stearyl alcohol
2-(1-adamantyl)-2-amino-acetic acid
2-(adamantan-1-yl)-2-aminoacetic acid
204259-62-1 [RN]
267-008-6 [EINECS]
272-778-1 [EINECS]
557-61-9 [RN]
86369-69-9 [RN]
Adol 62
Atalco S
Cachalot S-56
Cetostearyl alcohol
Conol 1675
Conol 30F
Crodacol S
Crodacol S70
Crodacol S95NF
Crodacol-S
Decyl octyl alcohol
Kalcohl 80
Kalcohl 8098
Lanette 18 DEO
Lanol S
Lorol C18
n-1-octadecanol
n-octadecanol
N-OCTADECYL ALCOHOL
Octadecanol
Octadecanol, 1-
Octadecylalkohol
Octanodecanol
Octodecyl alcohol
Philcohol 1800
Polaax
Q13 [WLN]
Rita SA
Rofamol
Sipol S
Siponol S
Siponol SC
SSD AF
Stearic alcohol
Stearol
Stearyl alcohol NF
Stearyl alcohol USP
Stearylalkohol
Steraffine
UNII:2KR89I4H1Y
UNII-2DMT128M1S
UNII-2KR89I4H1Y
UNII-B1K89384RJ
Varonic BG
STEARIC/PALMITIC ACID (C18/C16)
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a saturated fatty acid with 18 carbon atoms, while palmitic acid is also a saturated fatty acid but has 16 carbon atoms.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are commonly found in various sources, including animal fats, vegetable oils, and dairy products.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are two of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature.

CAS: 67701-03-5
MF: C34H68O4
MW: 540.90132
EINECS: 266-928-5

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are important components of biological membranes and are essential for many metabolic processes.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is the most abundant saturated fatty acid in the human body, while stearic acid is the second most abundant.
Both of these fatty acids play a role in the synthesis of hormones, cholesterol, and other lipids.
In addition, they are important for energy storage and for maintaining cell membrane integrity.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is one of the historical actors and specialists in the production and sales of stearic acid in Europe.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16), or stearin, is also called octadecanoic acid.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a medium chain fatty acid, which is symbolized by the numbers 18: 0 or C18, to indicate that it has 18 carbon atoms and no double covalent bond: Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a saturated fatty acid.
The different qualities of stearic acid are characterized by their composition (proportion of C18 (stearic acid) and C-16 (palmitic acid) which are its two main components): the higher the ratio of C18, the higher is the purity of the Stearic acid.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a C17 saturated fatty acid and trace component of fats in ruminants.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) has a role as a mammalian metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a long-chain fatty acid and a straight-chain saturated fatty acid.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a conjugate acid of a margarate.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is fatty acid, mainly chain length C16 (hexadecanoic acid) and C18 (acid octadecanoic) used in personal care applications.
Solid white, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) brings to cosmetics a strong consistency.
In addition, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) brings a soft and unctuous feeling to emulsions.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is also used for butters, soaps, and candles. Melting point = 55°C.

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a saturated fatty acid with an 18-carbon chain.
The IUPAC name is octadecanoic acid.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a waxy solid and its chemical formula is C17H35CO2H.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16)'s name comes from the Greek word στέαρ “stéar”, which means tallow.
The salts and esters of stearic acid are called stearates.
As its ester, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in nature following palmitic acid.
The triglyceride derived from three molecules of stearic acid is called stearin.

In general, the applications of stearic acid exploit its bifunctional character, with a polar head group that can be attached to metal cations and a nonpolar chain that confers solubility in organic solvents.
The combination leads to uses as a surfactant and softening agent.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) undergoes the typical reactions of saturated carboxylic acids, a notable one being reduction to stearyl alcohol, and esterification with a range of alcohols.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is used in a large range of manufactures, from simple to complex electronic devices.

FStearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 54-59 °C
Fp: 113 °C
Form: powder
BRN: 608585
EPA Substance Registry System: Fatty acids, C16-18 (67701-03-5)

Uses
100% from natural origin, the stearic acid is an ultra-versatile material found in many industrial uses.
For example, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is very useful as a thickener or to give consistency to cosmetic preparations.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) helps stabilize emulsions or act as a hardener for balms and soaps.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is also used as a wax of 100% natural origin, especially for the production of candles, a bio-sourced alternative to paraffin (which is of petroleum origin).
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16)'s white color is also very popular.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) sells it in solid form (beads or flakes).

Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) and stearic acid have been extensively studied in the scientific research field.
These fatty acids have been used in a variety of studies, such as studies of cell membrane structure and function, studies of the effects of fatty acids on lipid metabolism, and studies of the effects of fatty acids on inflammation and other diseases.
In addition, these fatty acids have been used in studies of the effects of dietary fat on health outcomes, as well as studies of the effects of dietary fat on obesity and other chronic diseases.

Synthesis Method Details
Design of the Synthesis Pathway
The synthesis pathway for Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) involves the hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids.
This process involves the addition of hydrogen gas to the double bonds of the unsaturated fatty acids, resulting in the formation of saturated fatty acids such as Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16).

Reaction
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are mixed with the catalyst and placed in a reactor vessel., Hydrogen gas is then introduced into the reactor vessel under high pressure and temperature.
The hydrogen gas reacts with the double bonds of the unsaturated fatty acids, resulting in the formation of saturated fatty acids.
The reaction mixture is then filtered to remove the catalyst and any impurities.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) is a mixture of saturated fatty acids, including palmitic acid and stearic acid.

Biochemical and Physiological Effects
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) have a variety of biochemical and physiological effects.
Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are involved in the synthesis of hormones, such as testosterone and estrogen, as well as the synthesis of cholesterol.
In addition, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are involved in the regulation of inflammation, as well as the regulation of blood sugar levels.
Finally, Stearic/Palmitic Acid (C18/C16) are involved in the formation of lipid rafts, which are important for the structure and function of cell membranes.

Synonyms
HEPTADECANOIC ACID
Margaric acid
506-12-7
n-Heptadecanoic acid
Margarinic acid
n-Heptadecylic acid
n-Heptadecoic acid
Heptadecylic acid
C17:0
Normal-heptadecanoic acid
MFCD00002751
V987Y9OZ8L
CHEBI:32365
HEPTADECANOIC-D33 ACID
margarinate
margaroate
NSC-3743
n-heptadecoate
n-heptadecylate
68424-37-3
NSC 3743
352431-41-5
EINECS 208-027-1
BRN 1781004
UNII-V987Y9OZ8L
Margarinsaeure
margaric'acid
margaroic acid
Daturinic acid
Daturic acid
heptadecoic acid
AI3-36481
Heptadecanoic acic
X90
EINECS 270-298-7
Normal-heptadecanoate
heptadecansäure
63399-94-0
Lead(2+) heptadecanoate
Heptadecanoic acid, 98%
DSSTox_CID_1596
EC 270-298-7
MARGARIC ACID [MI]
SCHEMBL5941
DSSTox_RID_78651
DSSTox_GSID_28306
Heptadecanoic acid, >=98%
4-02-00-01193 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
WLN: QV16
CH3-[CH2]15-COOH
CHEMBL1172910
DTXSID5021596
FA 17:0a
AMY5932
NSC3743
EINECS 264-123-3
EINECS 266-928-5
Tox21_202550
LMFA01010017
s3336
AKOS005716689
CS-W004284
FA 17:0
HY-W004284
NSC 122836
NCGC00260099-01
AS-57021
BP-27918
BP-30092
SY010570
SDA 19-005-00
CAS-67701-03-5
FT-0628169
H0019
EN300-19173
EC 266-928-5
H10748
A871505
Q902204
8EBAABCC-09B2-43FB-945D-A70E5905BFBE
STEARIL ALKOL
SYNONYMS 1-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol; Stearyl alcohol; Octadecyl alcohol; 1-Hydroxyoctadecane;1-Octadecanol;Octadecyl alcohol; Octadecanol; 1-Hydroxyoctadecane; n-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol; Stearol; Stearic alcohol; Octadécane-1-ol (French); CAS NO:112-92-5
Stearic acid ( C 18 Acide Stéarique)
STEARTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 112-03-8. Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : STEARTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Trimethyloctadecylammonium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-929-1, Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Règlementé, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.
STEARİK ASİT (18/38 - 18/43 - 18/65 - RUBBER GRADE)
SYNONYMS 1-Heptadecanecarboxylic acid, C18:0, Cetylacetic acid, NSC 25956, NSC 261168, Octadecanoic acid, Stearophanic acid CAS NO:57-11-4
STEARİL ALKOL (18 / 98)
SYNONYMS 1-Octadecanol;Octadecyl alcohol; Octadecanol; 1-Hydroxyoctadecane; n-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol; Stearol; Stearic alcohol; Octadécane-1-ol (French); CAS NO:112-92-5
stearoyl glutamic acid
glutamic acid, N-stearoyl-, L-; stearyl glutamic acid; N-stearoyl-L-glutamic acid CAS NO:3397-16-8
Stearoyl Inulin
stearoyl inulin; inulin octadecanoyl derivatives; STEAROYL INULIN CAS NO:190524-47-1
STEARTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE
STEARYL ACETATE, N° CAS : 822-23-1, Nom INCI : STEARYL ACETATE, Nom chimique : Octadecyl acetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-493-1, Ses fonctions (INCI). Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
STEARYL ACETATE
cas no 112-92-5 1-Octadecanol; Octadecyl alcohol; Octadecanol; 1-Hydroxyoctadecane; n-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol; Stearol; Stearic alcohol; Octadécane-1-ol (French);
STEARYL ALCOHOL
1-Octadecanol; Octadecyl alcohol; Octadecanol; 1-Hydroxyoctadecane; n-Octadecanol; Octadecan-1-ol; Stearol; Stearic alcohol; Octadécane-1-ol (French); cas no: 112-92-5
STEARYL ALCOHOL
Stearyl alcohol is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.


CAS Number: 112-92-5
Molecular Formula: C18H38O / CH3(CH2)17OH


Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol has low toxicity.
Stearyl alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.


Stearyl alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol derives from a hydride of an octadecane.


Stearyl alcohol is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Stoebe vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.
Stearyl alcohol also known as 1-octadecanol is a fatty alcohol classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂OH used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.


Stearyl alcohol is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
Stearyl alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearyl alcohol is a natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source (found in Mikania cordifolia, Leiocarpa semicalva, and other organisms).


Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl alcohol is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.


Stearyl alcohol is made from a minimum 98 percent C18 and no more than 2 percent C16.
Stearyl alcohol is a vegetable-derived ingredient that's naturally found in plants, insects, and even humans, says Lain.
Per our point about not all alcohols being the same, those used in skincare typically fall into one of two categories.


Stearyl alcohol is a long-chained fatty alcohol, which differs from volatile alcohols, such as denatured alcohol (also known as alcohol denat), isopropyl alcohol, and SD alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.


Stearyl alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid prevalent in animal fats, but rich plant sources of stearic acid include palm fruit, cocoa butter and shea butter.
The stearyl alcohol we use is derived from plant (non-animal) sources.


Stearyl alcohol (also known as octadecyl alcohol or 1-octadecanol) is an organic compound classified as a fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl alcohol has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.


Stearyl Alcohol is a white, waxy solid with a faint odor, while Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are clear, colorless liquids.
These three ingredients are found in a wide variety of products such as hair conditioners, foundations, eye makeup, skin moisturizers, skin cleansers and other skin care products.


Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are long chain fatty alcohols.
Stearyl alcohol is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.


Stearyl alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.
Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol is a thicker of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.


A natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source, Stearyl alcohol changes the viscosity and adds a to creams and lotions, whilst adding stability.
Normally Stearyl alcohol is used 1 -3%, usage above 3%.
Stearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.


Stearyl alcohol is not to be confused with the drying, irritating types of alcohol such as SD alcohol or denatured alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol also has cleansing and foam-boosting properties and isn’t considered drying on skin.
Stearyl alcohol is also known as 1-octadecanol, and in its raw form is a white, waxy substance.


The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has ruled stearyl alcohol safe as a food additive, and the independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel deems it safe as used in cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol is a vegetable-based, refined fatty alcohol.


Stearyl alcohol is also known as 1-octadecanol, octadecan -1-ol, Vegarol 1898 NF, an all-purpose, vegetable sourced, all natural and from from sustainable coconut oils.
Stearyl alcohol is a very effective stabilizer, thickening agent, emulsifier, for making all kinds of lotions and creams, body butters and more.


Like other fatty alcohols stearyl is an excellent natural thickener and emulsifier or co emulsifier, and imparts a nice smooth feel.
Stearyl alcohol's a very useful additive in creams, lotions and more, as a secondary emulsifier, thickener, emollient, and is compatible with nearly all cosmetic ingredients.


Compared to other fatty alcohols, like cetyl alcohol, in many formulations, the stearyl alcohol will result in a slightly more softer, conditioned feel, and after-feel sensory wise, and a whiter appearance.
Stearyl Alcohol is an organic compound classified as a fatty alcohol with 18 carbon atoms.


Stearyl alcohol is a solid and is in the form of white flakes or pastilles.
Stearyl alcohol, C18H38O, is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearyl alcohol is found naturally in various mammalian tissues.


Stearyl alcohol or Octadenol is a fatty alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol forms cetyl alcohol (CETYL ALCOHOL) with Cetearyl alcohol (CETEARYL ALCOHOL).
Stearyl alcohol is allowed in organic.


The CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) in an annual report published in 2006, concluded the safety of stearyl alcohol.
Stearyl Alcohol is a 100% natural, vegetable derived fatty alcohol, used widely in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
Stearyl alcohol is a vegetable derived long chain fatty alcohol.


Stearyl alcohol is commonly found in a wide variety of skin care and cosmetic products.
Stearyl alcohol is a natural fatty alcohol that is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in a variety of cosmetics and personal care products.
Stearyl alcohol also referred to as octadecyl alcohol or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound that is classified as a fatty alcohol.


Fatty alcohols are a hybrid between alcohols and fatty acids or oils.
This makes them highly versatile skincare ingredients.
Stearyl alcohol is derived from stearic acid, a natural saturated fatty acid, by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.


Catalytic hydrogenation is a process of adding hydrogen atoms to a molecule using a metal as a catalyst.
Stearyl alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl Alcohol is long chain fatty alcohol.


Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol also known as 1-octadecanol is a fatty alcohol classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂OH used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.


Stearyl alcohol is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
Stearyl alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearyl alcohol is a natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source (found in Mikania cordifolia, Leiocarpa semicalva, and other organisms).
Stearyl alcohol is a white, waxy solid that is derived from stearic acid, a saturated fatty acid that occurs naturally in animal and vegetable fats.



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl alcohol has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.


Stearyl alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.
Stearyl alcohol is used Stabilizer for cosmetic emulsions, Ointment base, Additive for hair cream conditioners.
Stearyl alcohol is used Thickening agent for cosmetics , pharmaceuticals.


Stearyl alcohol can be used in personal care products as an emollient, helping to nourish skin and hair, leaving them soft and smooth.
Stearyl alcohol also has emulsion stabilizing properties, and can be used to help balance and add structure to oil-water formulations.
Stearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol sold in flakes, pastilles and beads, and is available in both NF (National Formulary) grade and kosher preparations.


Fatty alcohols can be natural, derived from plant-based oils like palm or coconut, or they can be synthetic.
They act as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity controllers and dispersants.
They function as chemical intermediates, most often used in surfactants to enhance foaming and cleaning properties in detergents and cleaners.


Use our stearyl alcohol as a nonionic surfactant and intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, textiles and waxes.
Stearyl alcohol is also used as an ingredient in various lubricants, perfumes, personal care products and more.
Surfactants and Esters uses of Stearyl alcohol: Nonionic Surfactants


Waxes uses of Stearyl alcohol: Intermediate
Plastics uses of Stearyl alcohol: Intermediate
Soaps and Detergents uses of Stearyl alcohol: Nonionic Surfactants


Personal Care uses of Stearyl alcohol: Facial Creams, Lotions, Hair Conditioners
Textiles uses of Stearyl alcohol: Intermediate
Stearyl alcohol is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.


A natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source, Stearyl alcohol changes the viscosity and adds a to creams and lotions, whilst adding stability.
Stearyl alcohol is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier (which helps water and oil to mix).
Stearyl Alcohol is used in a variety of personal care applications since it imparts an emollient feel to the skin and is commonly found in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners.


Often times, Stearyl Alcohol will be used as a primary ingredient in cosmetics, perfumes, resins and lubricants.
Stearyl alcohol is used in the biosynthesis of lipids and other naturally occurring cellular constituents and enters metabolic pathways for energy production.


In the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries stearyl alcohol can be used as an emulsion stabilizer, fragrance ingredient, surfactant/emulsifying agent, foam booster, and as a viscosity increasing agent.
Stearyl alcohol is found as an ingredient of hydrophilic ointments and petrolatums, and is also used in the preparation of creams.


Stearyl alcohol appears to be poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Cosmetic Uses of Stearyl alcohol: emulsion stabilisers, fragrance, opacifying agents, refatting agents, skin conditioning - emollient, surfactants, surfactant - emulsifying, surfactant - foam boosting, and viscosity controlling agents.


Stearyl alcohol is most commonly used in beauty products such as moisturizers, ointments, shampoos, masks, exfoliators, some cosmetics, and hair conditioners.
Stearyl alcohol is commonly used to form emulsions and is used as a conditioner, emollient, emulsifier and thickener in many cosmetic and personal care products.


As an emulsifier, Stearyl alcohol helps to bind and keep product ingredients from separating (oil and water), as well as giving products better spreadability.
As a thickening agent and surfactant, Stearyl alcohol helps to increase the viscosity (thickness) of the product and can also increase the foaming capacity.


Often misinterpreted as an "alcohol" (usually referring to ethyl or rubbing alcohol, both of which are often very drying to the skin), it is in fact, quite the opposite!
Stearyl Alcohol is well known to condition and soften hair and skin, so is also often added to products to increase its moisturizing properties.


Most commonly used in shampoos & conditioners, Stearyl alcohol is also used widely in other products such as skin lotions, moisturizers & creams, sunscreens, hair removal creams, hair mousse, hair dyes, mascaras, lipsticks, cleansers, and many more!
Stearyl Alcohol is used in surface-active agents, lubricants, emulsions, resins, and USP ointments and as a substitute for cetyl alcohol and antifoaming agents.


Stearyl Alcohol (synthetic) has been approved as a direct food additive (DFA) ingredient, to be used under the same manufacturing practices as the natrual alcohol product.
Stearyl alcohol also has indirect food additive (IFA) status for use in food containers.


Stearyl Alcohol is also used as an ingredient in over-the-counter (OTC) drugs of the miscellaneous external drug product category.
Stearyl alcohol is considered to be safe at a concentration of 8 percent or less.
Stearyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics as an emollient, stabilizer, antifoaming agent, emulsifier, and carrier.


Stearyl alcohol is used as a water in oil (w/o) emulsifier to produce firm cosmetic products at ordinary temperatures.
Stearyl alcohol is used in Hair Conditioner - Nourishing, Skin care cream - Smooth & soft feeling.
In skin care products, stearyl alcohol is used to help improve the texture and stability of the formulation.


Stearyl alcohol acts as an emulsifier, helping to mix oil and water-based ingredients together and preventing them from separating.
Stearyl alcohol also helps to thicken and stabilize the product, giving it a more luxurious feel and helping to extend its shelf life.
In addition to its emulsifying and thickening properties, stearyl alcohol is also an effective moisturizer.


Stearyl alcohol helps to lock in moisture and improve the skin's barrier function, which can help to prevent dryness, itching, and flaking.
Stearyl alcohol is also non-irritating and non-toxic, making it a safe and gentle ingredient for all skin types.
Overall, stearyl alcohol is an important and versatile ingredient in skin care products.


Whether used as an emulsifier, thickener, or moisturizer, stearyl alcohol helps to improve the performance and stability of the product, while also providing benefits for the skin.
Typical use level of Stearyl alcohol is 0.5-10%.


Stearyl alcohol is used for external use only.
Stearyl alcohol is used Serums, creams & lotions, deodorants and other stick personal care products.
Stearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol commonly used as an emulsifying and thickening agent in personal care and cosmetic products.



STEARYL ALCOHOL AT A GLANCE:
*Fatty alcohol used as a moisturiser and cleansing agent
*Ruled safe as a food additive and as used in cosmetics
*Is a white, waxy substance in its raw form
*Also known as 1-octadecanol



PRODUCTS TO USE IN, STEARYL ALCOHOL:
*Cream
*Lotion
*Shaving Products
*Massage Creams



STEARYL ALCOHOL, THE GOOD:
Stearyl alcohol helps to improve the texture of products, reduce moisture loss from the skin and protect the skin from allergens and bacteria



STEARYL ALCOHOL, THE NOT SO GOOD:
Stearyl alcohol is often misunderstood because of its name.
Stearyl alcohol is a non-drying ingredient.
Due to its name, stearyl alcohol is often misunderstood to be harmful to the skin since it is an alcohol.
It is true that some alcohols, like ethyl or rubbing alcohol, can be extremely drying to the skin.
However, quite the opposite is true for stearyl alcohol, which is well known to effectively condition and soften the skin and hair.



WHO IS STEARYL ALCOHOL FOR?
All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to it.



SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl alcohol works well with most ingredients



BENEFITS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
*Stearyl alcohol acts as co-emulsifier, skin conditioner, and superfatting agent
*Stearyl alcohol has good thickening and stabilizing properties for all kinds of emulsions
*Stearyl alcohol can be used as pacifier



WHAT DOES STEARYL ALCOHOL DO?
Stearyl alcohol has emollient properties and also can function as an emulsifier and thickener in products.
In stick products, such as deodorants and antiperspirants, Stearyl alcohol helps to emulsify the active ingredient and fragrance into the wax base.
Stearyl alcohol also helps modify the physical texture of the stick’s waxy base.



HOW IS STEARYL ALCOHOL MADE?
Stearyl alcohol is derived from coconut and palm kernel oils.
The oils are converted to alcohol, distilled, and hydrogenated into stearyl alcohol.



WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES OF STEARYL ALCOHOL?
Other materials that can be used for this purpose in the product include synthetic waxes, petroleum waxes, silicones and other modified oils.



IS STEARYL ALCOHOL THE RIGHT OPTION FOR ME?
Stearyl alcohol has a long history of safe use in personal care products.



FUNCTIONS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
*Emollient :
Stearyl alcohol softens and smoothes the skin

*Emulsifying :
Stearyl alcohol promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)

*Emulsion stabilising :
Stearyl alcohol promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion

*Foam boosting :
Stearyl alcohol improves the quality of the foam produced by increasing one or more of the following properties: volume, texture and/or stability

*Masking :
Stearyl alcohol reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product

*Opacifying :
Stearyl alcohol reduces transparency or translucency of cosmetics

*Refatting :
Stearyl alcohol restores lipids in hair or in upper layers of the skin

*Surfactant :
Stearyl alcohol reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used

*Viscosity controlling :
Stearyl alcohol increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics



WHY IS STEARYL ALCOHOL USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol help to form emulsions and prevent an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components.
These ingredients also reduce the tendency of finished products to generate foam when shaken.
When used in the formulation of skin care products, Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol act as a lubricants on the skin surface, which gives the skin a soft, smooth appearance.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl Alcohol and Oleyl Alcohol are mixtures of long-chain fatty alcohols.
Stearyl Alcohol consists primarily of n-octadecanol, while Oleyl Alcohol is primarily unsaturated 9-n-octadecenol.
Octyldodecanol is a branched chain fatty alcohol.

Fatty alcohols are higher molecular weight nonvolatile alcohols.
They are produced from natural fats and oils by reduction of the fatty acid (-COOH) grouping to the hydroxyl function (-OH).
Alternately, several completely synthetic routes yield fatty alcohols which may be structurally identical or similar to the naturally-derived alcohols.



THREE REASONS STEARYL ALCOHOL IS IN YOUR SKINCARE PRODUCTS:
Stearyl alcohol has many functions in cosmetics and skincare products, including use as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener.

*Texture:
Stearyl alcohol is mainly used to improve the texture of formulations, to make them more appealing to the senses.
While this may not seem like an important element to a product, Stearyl alcohol is vital to ensure the product doesn’t separate or become clumpy so that the key ingredients can be distributed evenly to the skin.

The main way the stearyl alcohol does this is through acting as a thickener.
Thickeners and gelling agents are widely used throughout the cosmetic industry due to their ability to provide the products with the desired feel.

Thickeners improve the consistency, viscosity, or adhesion to the skin.
The term viscosity corresponds to the concept of “thickness”, for example, honey has a higher viscosity than water.
Thus, stearyl alcohol can be used to thicken formulas, adding body and viscosity.


*Emulsifier:
Another function of stearyl alcohol is as an emulsifier.
An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil-based ingredients.
When water and oil are mixed together and vigorously shaken, a dispersion of oil droplets in water – and vice versa – is formed.

When shaking stops, however, the two types of ingredients start to separate.
To address this problem, an emulsifier like stearyl alcohol can be added.
This helps the droplets remain dispersed and produces a stable smooth textured product.


*Skin barrier:
As an emollient, topically applied stearyl alcohol has the ability to soften and soothe the skin.
The fatty acids that make up this ingredient create a barrier on the skin that effectively seals moisture in while keeping the air and other environmental elements out.

Therefore, stearyl alcohol can be used in creams, lotions, and ointments that are designed to improve dry, flaky skin.
Emollients help to maintain the skin’s natural barrier which is vital to the health of the skin.
Disruption of the skin’s natural barrier has been linked to conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, and psoriasis.
The emollient properties of stearyl alcohol also help to smooth and detangle hair, which is why this ingredient is used in various hair care products.



IS STEARYL ALCOHOL SAFE?
The U.S Food and Drug Administration or FDA, a governing body responsible for regulating the safety of food, drugs and cosmetic ingredients, reviewed the safety of stearyl alcohol.
The FDA approved its use in cosmetic and skincare formulations as well as its use as a food additive.
The safety of stearyl alcohol has also been assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel.

The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel evaluates the safety of skincare and cosmetic ingredients.
They evaluated the available scientific data on stearyl alcohol and concluded that this ingredient is non-sensitizing, non-toxic, and safe to use in cosmetic products.
Stearyl alcohol is not suspected to have any significant detriments to the body.



BENEFITS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL FOR SKIN:
On the flip side, because stearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol, it's not drying, non-irritating, and usually beneficial when used consistently.
Stearyl alcohol acts as an emollient, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft by forming a protective layer on the surface and helping to prevent moisture loss.
Stearyl alcohol's often combined with cetyl alcohol (another fatty alcohol) to create cetearyl alcohol, which also has emollient properties.

The primary reason Stearyl alcohol shows up in skincare products has more to do with formulation reasons and its ability to act as an emulsifier, ensuring that oil and water can be blended so that products ultimately feel thicker and more cosmetically pleasing.
(The reason why if you check the ingredient panel on a cream or lotion, you're very likely to see it listed.)



MAIN BENEFITS OFSTEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl alcohol acts as an emollient to soften the skin, while also working as an emulsifier to help oil and water combine and give products a smooth consistency, says Hayag.


WHO SHOULD USE STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl alcohol has a long history of use, as well as numerous research studies proving its safety; all skin types can use it, says Lain.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Daily


STEARYL ALCOHOL WORKS WELL WITH:
Stearyl alcohol's most often found in products requiring the combination of oils and waters, such as lotions and creams.


DON'T USE WITH:
There are no known ingredients that will interact poorly with stearyl alcohol.



SIDE EFFECTS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
In short, there really aren't any.
The experts we spoke with all agree that this is one ingredient that's super well-tolerated and very unlikely to cause any issue.
Practically anyone can use products with stearyl alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol's regarded as safe to use and doesn't pose a substantial risk of skin irritation or side effects.
Stearyl alcohol's also been a cosmetic staple for a long-time, and as such, is well-studied and boasts a proven track record of safety and efficacy.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Chemical formula: C18H38O
Molar mass: 270.49 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Density: 0.812 g/cm3
Melting point: 59.4 to 59.8 °C (138.9 to 139.6 °F; 332.5 to 332.9 K)
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) at 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa)
Solubility in water: 1.1×10−3 mg/L
Chemical formula: C18H38O
Molar mass: 270.49 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Density: 0.812 g/cm3
Melting point: 59.4 to 59.8 °C (138.9 to 139.6 °F; 332.5 to 332.9 K)
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) at 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa)
Solubility in water: 1.1×10−3 mg/L
Flash point: 185 °C (365 °F; 458 K)
CAS number: 112-92-5
EC number: 204-017-6
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₃₈O
Molar Mass: 270.49 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 17 00
Boiling point: 330 - 360 °C

Density: 0.805 - 0.815 g/cm3 (60 °C)
Flash point: 195 °C
Ignition temperature: 230 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point: 55 - 60 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 300 kg/m3
Molecular Weight: 270.5 g/mol
XLogP3: 8.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 145
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: solid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: 57 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 335 °C
Flash point: 195 °C
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 38 °C
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 0,91 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,001 g/l at 23 °C - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 7,4
Autoignition temperature: ca.269 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Appearance: white solid powder (est)

Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 57.00 to 60.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 210.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 333.00 to 335.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.000009 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 9.3 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 282.00 °F. TCC ( 138.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 7.971 (est)
Soluble in:alcohol
water, 0.0151 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 0.0011 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in:water
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: 4,0 mm2/s - ASTM D 445
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: white solid powder (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 57.00 to 60.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 210.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 333.00 to 335.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.000009 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 9.3 ( Air = 1 )

Flash Point: 282.00 °F. TCC ( 138.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 7.971 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 0.0151 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 0.0011 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Molecular Weight: 270.5 g/mol
XLogP3: 8.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 145
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Octadecan-1-ol
1-octadecanol
Stearyl alcohol
Octadecan-1-ol
1-OCTADECANOL
Octadecanol
112-92-5
1-Hydroxyoctadecane
Octadecyl alcohol
n-Octadecanol
n-1-Octadecanol
Stearol
n-Octadecyl alcohol
Stearic alcohol
Atalco S
Alfol 18
Steraffine
Alcohol stearylicus
Polaax
Stenol
Crodacol-S
Siponol S
Siponol SC
Aldol 62
Lanol S
Sipol S
Adol 68
Decyl octyl alcohol
Cachalot S-43
Lorol 28
1-0ctadecanol
Dytol E-46
Stearylalkohol
Usp xiii stearyl alcohol
Octadecylalkohol
C18 alcohol
Rita SA
Lanette 18
Hainol 18SS
Alcohol(C18)
Custom stearyl
CO-1895
Ultrapure s
Oristar sa
Lipocol s-deo
Lipocol S
Stearyl alcohol s
Crodacol s95
Stearyl alcohol pc
Alfol 18 alcohol
Aec stearyl alcohol
Crodacol s-95
Kalcohl 80
Nacol 18do alcohol
Conol 30F
Nikkol stearyl alcohol
CCRIS 3960
Sabonal c 18 95
CO-1897
Nacol 18-94 alcohol
Nacol 18-98 alcohol
Nacol 18-99 alcohol
Conol 1675
HSDB 1082
Octadecanol NF
NSC 5379
NSC-5379
EINECS 204-017-6
UNII-2KR89I4H1Y
BRN 1362907
2KR89I4H1Y
DTXSID8026935
CHEBI:32154
OCTADECENOL-
AI3-01330
C18H38O
NSC5379
CO 1895F
MFCD00002823
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/F
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/P
DTXCID306935
N-OCTADECYL-D37 ALCOHOL
EC 204-017-6
4-01-00-01888 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CACHALOT S-56 STEARYL ALCOHOL
68911-61-5
NCGC00159369-02
NCGC00159369-04
Octadecanol, 1-
STEARYL ALCOHOL (II)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [II]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (MART.)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
Rofamol
Crodacol S
STEARYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
1-stearyl alcohol
CAS-112-92-5
Kalcohl 8098
Adol 62
Stearyl alcohol [JAN:NF]
stearylalcohol
Octanodecanol
Stearal
n-octadecylalcohol
Varonic BG
Crodacol S70
Crodacol S95NF
Stearyl alcohol NF
EINECS 272-778-1
stearyl alcohol pure
Aec cetearyl alcohol
Cachalot S-56
Philcohol 1800
Stearyl alcohol USP
Lanette 18 DEO
Crodacol 1618
Lorol C18
86369-69-9
Alfol 1618 alcohol
Alcohol cetylstearylicus
Alfol 1618e alcohol
Alfol 1618cg alcohol
1-Octadecanol, 95%
SSD AF (Salt/Mix)
Ceteareth-20 (Salt/Mix)
SCHEMBL23810
OCTADECANOL [WHO-DD]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MI]
CHEMBL24640
Stearyl alcohol (JP17/NF)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
WLN: Q18
STEARYL ALCOHOL [VANDF]
SCHEMBL10409854
Stearyl alcohol; octadecan-1-ol
STEARYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD]
CS-D1671
HY-Y1809
Tox21_111610
LMFA05000085
STL453659
1-Octadecanol, technical grade, 80%
AKOS009031494
Tox21_111610_1
1-Octadecanol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00159369-03
SY011369
1-Octadecanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
FT-0761208
O0006
1-Octadecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
EN300-19954
1-Octadecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 94%
D01924
A802702
L000755
Q632384
SR-01000944718
J-002873
SR-01000944718-1
Z104476204
Stearyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
2DEF44B7-B367-4188-89E4-531379568C74
Stearyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Stearyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
InChI=1/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H
C18H38O
Alcohol Stearylicus
1-Octadecanol
1-Hydroxyoctadecane
Octadecan-1-ol
1-octadecanol
Stearyl alcohol
Octadecan-1-ol
1-OCTADECANOL
Octadecanol
112-92-5
1-Hydroxyoctadecane
Octadecyl alcohol
n-Octadecanol
n-1-Octadecanol
Stearol
n-Octadecyl alcohol
Stearic alcohol
Atalco S
Alfol 18
Steraffine
Alcohol stearylicus
Polaax
Stenol
Crodacol-S
Siponol S
Siponol SC
Aldol 62
Lanol S
Sipol S
Adol 68
Decyl octyl alcohol
Cachalot S-43
Lorol 28
1-0ctadecanol
Dytol E-46
Stearylalkohol
Usp xiii stearyl alcohol
Octadecylalkohol
C18 alcohol
Rita SA
Lanette 18
Hainol 18SS
Alcohol(C18)
Custom stearyl
CO-1895
Ultrapure s
Oristar sa
Lipocol s-deo
Lipocol S
Stearyl alcohol s
Crodacol s95
Octadecanol, 1-
Stearyl alcohol pc
Alfol 18 alcohol
Aec stearyl alcohol
Crodacol s-95
Kalcohl 80
Nacol 18do alcohol
Conol 30F
Nikkol stearyl alcohol
CCRIS 3960
Rofamol
Sabonal c 18 95
CO-1897
Nacol 18-94 alcohol
Nacol 18-98 alcohol
Nacol 18-99 alcohol
Conol 1675
HSDB 1082
Octadecanol NF
Crodacol S
NSC 5379
NSC-5379
1-stearyl alcohol
EINECS 204-017-6
UNII-2KR89I4H1Y
BRN 1362907
2KR89I4H1Y
DTXSID8026935
CHEBI:32154
Kalcohl 8098
OCTADECENOL-
AI3-01330
Adol 62
C18H38O
NSC5379
CO 1895F
MFCD00002823
Stearyl alcohol [JAN:NF]
Stearyl alcohol [USAN:JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/F
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/P
DTXCID306935
N-OCTADECYL-D37 ALCOHOL
EC 204-017-6
4-01-00-01888 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
EINECS 272-778-1
CACHALOT S-56 STEARYL ALCOHOL
68911-61-5
NCGC00159369-02
NCGC00159369-04
STEARYL ALCOHOL (II)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [II]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (MART.)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
CAS-112-92-5
stearylalcohol
Octanodecanol
Stearal
-n octadecanol
Alcool starylique
n-octadecylalcohol
Varonic BG
1-hidroxioctadecane
Crodacol S70
Crodacol S95NF
Stearyl alcohol NF
alcohol n-Octadecil
Lanette 18DEO
stearyl alcohol pure
Aec cetearyl alcohol
Cachalot S 43
Cachalot S-56
Crodacol S 70
Crodacol S 95
Laurex 18
Octadecan- 1- ol
Philcohol 1800
Stearyl alcohol USP
Lanette 18 DEO
Alfol 18NF
Conol 30SS
Crodacol 1618
Conol 30S
Lorol C18
86369-69-9
Crodacol S 95 NF
Kalchol 8098
Kalcohl 8099
Alfol 1618 alcohol
Adol 64
Alcohol cetylstearylicus
Alfol 1618e alcohol
Hyfatol 18-95
Hyfatol 18-98
Kalcol 8098
Lorol C 18
Speziol C 18 Pharma
Alfol 1618cg alcohol
1-Octadecanol, 95%
SSD AF (Salt/Mix)
Nacol 18-98
VLTN 6
Ceteareth-20 (Salt/Mix)
SCHEMBL23810
OCTADECANOL [WHO-DD]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MI]
CHEMBL24640
Stearyl alcohol (JP17/NF)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
WLN: Q18
STEARYL ALCOHOL [VANDF]
SCHEMBL10409854
STEARYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD]
CS-D1671
HY-Y1809
Tox21_111610
LMFA05000085
STL453659
1-Octadecanol, technical grade, 80%
AKOS009031494
Tox21_111610_1
1-Octadecanol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
CO 1895
CO 1897
CO 1898
Octadecan-1-ol (Langkettige Alkohole)
NCGC00159369-03
LS-97715
SY011369
1-Octadecanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
FT-0761208
O0006
1-Octadecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
EN300-19954
1-Octadecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 94%
D01924
A802702
L000755
Q632384
SR-01000944718
J-002873
SR-01000944718-1
Z104476204
Stearyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
2DEF44B7-B367-4188-89E4-531379568C74
Stearyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Stearyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
InChI=1/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H
C18H38O, Alcohol Stearylicus, 1-Octadecanol, 1-Hydroxyoctadecane





STEARYL ALCOHOL
Stearyl Alcohol is a white, waxy solid with a faint odor, while Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are clear, colorless liquids.
Stearyl Alcohol is a vegetable-based, highly refined fatty alcohol.


CAS Number: 112-92-5
EC Number: 204-017-6
Chemical formula: C18H38O / CH3(CH2)17OH



C18H38O, Stearyl alcohol, Octadecan-1-ol, 1-OCTADECANOL, Octadecanol, 112-92-5, 1-Hydroxyoctadecane, Octadecyl alcohol, n-Octadecanol, n-1-Octadecanol, Stearol, n-Octadecyl alcohol, Stearic alcohol, Atalco S, Alfol 18, Steraffine, Alcohol stearylicus, Polaax, Stenol, Crodacol-S, Siponol S, Siponol SC, Aldol 62, Lanol S, Sipol S, Adol 68, Decyl octyl alcohol, Cachalot S-43, Lorol 28, 1-0ctadecanol, Dytol E-46, Stearylalkohol, Usp xiii stearyl alcohol, Octadecylalkohol, C18 alcohol, Rita SA, Lanette 18, Hainol 18SS, Alcohol(C18), Custom stearyl, CO-1895, Ultrapure s, Oristar sa, Lipocol s-deo, Lipocol S, Stearyl alcohol s, Crodacol s95, Stearyl alcohol pc, Alfol 18 alcohol, Aec stearyl alcohol, Crodacol s-95, Kalcohl 80, Nacol 18do alcohol, Conol 30F, Nikkol stearyl alcohol, CCRIS 3960, Sabonal c 18 95, CO-1897, Nacol 18-94 alcohol, Nacol 18-98 alcohol, Nacol 18-99 alcohol, Conol 1675, HSDB 1082, Octadecanol NF, NSC 5379, NSC-5379, EINECS 204-017-6, UNII-2KR89I4H1Y, BRN 1362907, 2KR89I4H1Y, DTXSID8026935, CHEBI:32154, OCTADECENOL-, AI3-01330, NSC5379, CO 1895F, MFCD00002823, STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/F, STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/P, DTXCID306935, 68911-61-5, EC 204-017-6, 4-01-00-01888 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), N-OCTADECYL-D37 ALCOHOL, CACHALOT S-56 STEARYL ALCOHOL, NCGC00159369-02, NCGC00159369-04, Octadecanol, 1-, STEARYL ALCOHOL (II), STEARYL ALCOHOL [II], STEARYL ALCOHOL (MART.), STEARYL ALCOHOL [MART.], STEARYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), STEARYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], Rofamol, Crodacol S, STEARYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH), STEARYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH], 1-stearyl alcohol, CAS-112-92-5, 86369-69-9, Kalcohl 8098, C18H38O, Adol 62, Stearyl alcohol [JAN:NF], stearylalcohol, Octanodecanol, Stearal, n-octadecylalcohol, Varonic BG, Crodacol S70, Crodacol S95NF, Stearyl alcohol NF, EINECS 272-778-1, stearyl alcohol pure, Aec cetearyl alcohol, Cachalot S-56, Philcohol 1800, Stearyl alcohol USP, Lanette 18 DEO, Crodacol 1618, Lorol C18, Alfol 1618 alcohol, Alcohol cetylstearylicus, Alfol 1618e alcohol, Alfol 1618cg alcohol, 1-Octadecanol, 95%, SSD AF (Salt/Mix), Ceteareth-20 (Salt/Mix), SCHEMBL23810, OCTADECANOL [WHO-DD] STEARYL ALCOHOL [MI], CHEMBL24640, Stearyl alcohol (JP17/NF), STEARYL ALCOHOL [JAN], STEARYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], STEARYL ALCOHOL [INCI], WLN: Q18, STEARYL ALCOHOL [VANDF], SCHEMBL10409854, Stearyl alcohol, octadecan-1-ol, STEARYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], CS-D1671, HY-Y1809, Tox21_111610, LMFA05000085, 1-Octadecanol, technical grade, 80%, AKOS009031494, Tox21_111610_1, 1-Octadecanol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, NCGC00159369-03, SY011369, 1-Octadecanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), FT-0761208, NS00001960, O0006, 1-Octadecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%, EN300-19954, 1-Octadecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 94%, D01924, A802702, L000755, Q632384, SR-01000944718, J-002873, SR-01000944718-1, Z104476204, Stearyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, 2DEF44B7-B367-4188-89E4-531379568C74, Stearyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Stearyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, InChI=1/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H, C18H38O, Alcohol Stearylicus, 1-Octadecanol, 1-Hydroxyoctadecane,



Stearyl alcohol also known as 1-octadecanol is a fatty alcohol classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂OH used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.
Stearyl alcohol, C18H38O, is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.


Stearyl alcohol is found naturally in various mammalian tissues.
Stearyl Alcohol is a vegetable-based, highly refined fatty alcohol.
Melting point of Stearyl alcohol is 56 - 60°C (133-140F).


HLB value of Stearyl alcohol is 15.5 (give oil-in-water emulsions but only to a limited degree).
Stearyl alcohol acts as co-emulsifier, skin conditioner, and superfatting agent.
Stearyl alcohol has good thickening and stabilizing properties for all kinds of emulsions.


Stearyl Alcohol is a 100% natural, vegetable derived fatty alcohol, used widely in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
Often misinterpreted as an "alcohol" (usually referring to ethyl or rubbing alcohol, both of which are often very drying to the skin), Stearyl alcohol is in fact, quite the opposite!


Stearyl alcohol, waxy solid alcohol formerly obtained from whale or dolphin oil and used as a lubricant and antifoam agent and to retard evaporation of water from reservoirs.
Stearyl alcohol is now manufactured by chemical reduction of stearic acid.


Stearyl Alcohol is an organic compound classified as a fatty alcohol with 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl alcohol is a solid and is in the form of white flakes or pastilles.
The CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) in an annual report published in 2006, concluded the safety of stearyl alcohol.


Stearyl alcohol is a vegetable-based, refined fatty alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol is also known as 1-octadecanol, octadecan -1-ol, Vegarol 1898 NF, an all-purpose, vegetable sourced, all natural and from from sustainable coconut oils.


Compared to other fatty alcohols, like cetyl alcohol, in many formulations, the stearyl alcohol will result in a slightly more softer, conditioned feel, and after-feel sensory wise, and a whiter appearance.
Stearyl alcohol is an organic compound that is classified as a fatty alcohol.


Stearyl alcohol is a white, waxy granule or flake, which doesn’t dissolve in water.
Stearyl alcohol is derived from stearic acid which is most commonly found in vegetable, palm and coconut oils.
Stearyl Alcohol is a handy multi-tasker, white to light yellowish oil-loving wax that works very well in oil-in-water emulsions.


Stearyl Alcohol's a so-called fatty alcohol - the good, emollient type of alcohol that is non-drying and non-irritating.
Stearyl Alcohol is often mixed with fellow fatty alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, and the mixture is called Cetearyl Alcohol in the ingredient list.
Stearyl alcohol is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.


Stearyl Alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearyl alcohol is a natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source (found in Mikania cordifolia, Leiocarpa semicalva, and other organisms).
Stearyl Alcohol is not to be confused with the drying, irritating types of alcohol such as SD alcohol or denatured alcohol.


This versatile ingredient, Stearyl Alcohol, also has cleansing and foam-boosting properties and isn’t considered drying on skin.
Stearyl alcohol is also known as 1-octadecanol, and in its raw form is a white, waxy substance.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has ruled stearyl alcohol safe as a food additive, and the independent Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel deems it safe as used in cosmetics.


Alcohols are a large class of important cosmetic ingredients but only ethanol needs to be denatured to prevent it from being redirected from cosmetic applications to alcoholic beverages.
Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are long chain fatty alcohols.


Stearyl Alcohol is a white, waxy solid with a faint odor, while Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are clear, colorless liquids.
These three ingredients are found in a wide variety of products such as hair conditioners, foundations, eye makeup, skin moisturizers, skin cleansers and other skin care products.


Stearyl alcohol is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.
Stearyl alcohol is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.
Stearyl alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.


Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid prevalent in animal fats, but rich plant sources of stearic acid include palm fruit, cocoa butter and shea butter.
The stearyl alcohol we use is derived from plant (non-animal) sources.
Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.


Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl Alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl Alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.


Stearyl Alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol and an octadecanol.
Stearyl alcohol is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Stoebe vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.
Stearyl alcohol is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.


Stearyl alcohol can be used in personal care products as an emollient, helping to nourish skin and hair, leaving them soft and smooth.
Stearyl Alcohol also has emulsion stabilizing properties, and can be used to help balance and add structure to oil-water formulations.
Stearyl alcohol is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl alcohol is used in the biosynthesis of lipids and other naturally occurring cellular constituents and enters metabolic pathways for energy production.
In the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries stearyl alcohol can be used as an emulsion stabilizer, fragrance ingredient, surfactant/emulsifying agent, foam booster, and as a viscosity increasing agent.


Stearyl alcohol can be used as opacifier.
Stearyl alcohol is commonly used to form emulsions and is used as a conditioner, emollient, emulsifier and thickener in many cosmetic and personal care products.


As an emulsifier, Stearyl alcohol helps to bind and keep product ingredients from separating (oil and water), as well as giving products better spreadability.
As a thickening agent and surfactant, Stearyl alcohol helps to increase the viscosity (thickness) of the product and can also increase the foaming capacity.


Stearyl Alcohol is well known to condition and soften hair and skin, so is also often added to products to increase its moisturizing properties.
Stearyl alcohol is most commonly used in shampoos & conditioners, it is also used widely in other products such as skin lotions, moisturizers & creams, sunscreens, hair removal creams, hair mousse, hair dyes, mascaras, lipsticks, cleansers, and many more!


Stearyl alcohol is used Stabilizer for cosmetic emulsions, Ointment base, Additive for hair cream conditioners.
Stearyl alcohol is found as an ingredient of hydrophilic ointments and petrolatums, and is also used in the preparation of creams.
Stearyl alcohol appears to be poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.


Stearyl alcohol is used thickening agent for cosmetics , pharmaceuticals.
Stearyl Alcohol is used in a variety of personal care applications since it imparts an emollient feel to the skin and is commonly found in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners.


Often times, Stearyl Alcohol will be used as a primary ingredient in cosmetics, perfumes, resins and lubricants.
Stearyl alcohol or Octadenol is a fatty alcohol. It is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier (which helps water and oil to mix).
Stearyl alcohol forms cetyl alcohol (CETYL ALCOHOL) with cetearyl alcohol (CETEARYL ALCOHOL).


Stearyl alcohol is allowed in organic.
Stearyl alcohol is a very effective stabilizer, thickening agent, emulsifier, for making all kinds of lotions and creams, body butters and more.
Like other fatty alcohols stearyl is an excellent natural thickener and emulsifier or co emulsifier, and imparts a nice smooth feel.


Stearyl alcohol's a very useful additive in creams, lotions and more, as a secondary emulsifier, thickener, emollient, and is compatible with nearly all cosmetic ingredients.
This organic compound, Stearyl alcohol, is derived from the fatty acids of the sweet-smelling coconut and is mostly used as a moisturizer and thickener in skincare, haircare, and cosmetic items.


Stearyl alcohol is often used in hair shampoos and conditioners, moisturisers, make up, cleansers, perfumes and foundation.
Stearyl alcohol is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
A natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source, Stearyl alcohol changes the viscosity and adds a to creams and lotions, whilst adding stability.


Stearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.
Stearyl Alcohol makes your skin feel nice and smooth (emollient), stabilizes oil-water mixes and gives body to them.
Stearyl Alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.


Stearyl Alcohol has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Stearyl Alcohol is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.
Stearyl alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Alcohol


MAIN BENEFITS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl Alcohol acts as an emollient to soften the skin, while also working as an emulsifier to help oil and water combine and give products a smooth consistency, says Hayag.


WHO SHOULD USE STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl alcohol has a long history of use, as well as numerous research studies proving its safety; all skin types can use it, says Lain.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Daily


STEARYL ALCOHOL WORKS WELL WITH:
Stearyl Alcohol's most often found in products requiring the combination of oils and waters, such as lotions and creams.


STEARYL ALCOHOL DOESN'T USE WITH:
There are no known ingredients that will interact poorly with stearyl alcohol.



WHAT IS STEARYL ALCOHOL?
Stearyl alcohol is a vegetable-derived ingredient that's naturally found in plants, insects, and even humans.
Per our point about not all alcohols being the same, those used in skincare typically fall into one of two categories.
Stearyl alcohol is a long-chained fatty alcohol, which differs from volatile alcohols, such as denatured alcohol (also known as alcohol denat), isopropyl alcohol, and SD alcohol.
The latter are fast-drying and cooling and evaporate as soon as they're applied onto the skin.



BENEFITS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL FOR SKIN:
On the flip side, because stearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol, "it's not drying, non-irritating, and usually beneficial when used consistently.
Stearyl alcohol acts as an emollient, leaving the skin feeling smooth and soft by forming a protective layer on the surface and helping to prevent moisture loss.

Stearyl alcohol's often combined with cetyl alcohol (another fatty alcohol) to create cetearyl alcohol, which also has emollient properties.
The primary reason Stearyl alcohol shows up in skincare products has more to do with formulation reasons and its ability to act as an emulsifier, ensuring that oil and water can be blended so that products ultimately feel thicker and more cosmetically pleasing.



WHAT DOES STEARYL ALCOHOL DO?
Stearyl alcohol has emollient properties and also can function as an emulsifier and thickener in products.
In stick products, such as deodorants and antiperspirants, Stearyl alcohol helps to emulsify the active ingredient and fragrance into the wax base.
Stearyl alcohol also helps modify the physical texture of the stick’s waxy base.



HOW IS STEARYL ALCOHOL MADE?
Stearyl alcohol is derived from coconut and palm kernel oils.
The oils are converted to alcohol, distilled and hydrogenated into stearyl alcohol.



WHAT ARE THE ALTERNATIVES OF STEARYL ALCOHOL?
Other materials that can be used for this purpose in the product include synthetic waxes, petroleum waxes, silicones and other modified oils.
These types of materials would not meet our Stewardship Model.



IS STEARYL ALCOHOL THE RIGHT OPTION FOR ME?
Stearyl alcohol has a long history of safe use in personal care products.



STEARYL ALCOHOL AT A GLANCE OF
*Fatty alcohol used as a moisturizer and cleansing agent
*Ruled safe as a food additive and as used in cosmetics
*Is a white, waxy substance in its raw form
*Also known as 1-octadecanol



FUNCTIONS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
*Emollient :
Stearyl alcohol softens and smoothes the skin

*Emulsifying :
Stearyl alcohol promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)

*Emulsion stabilising :
Stearyl alcohol promotes the emulsification process and improves the stability and shelf life of the emulsion

*Foam boosting :
Stearyl alcohol improves the quality of the foam produced by increasing one or more of the following properties: volume, texture and/or stability

*Masking :
Stearyl alcohol reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product

*Opacifying :
Stearyl alcohol reduces transparency or translucency of cosmetics

*Refatting :
Stearyl alcohol restores lipids in hair or in upper layers of the skin

*Surfactant :
Stearyl alcohol reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used

*Viscosity controlling :
Stearyl alcohol rncreases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics



BENEFITS AND USES OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
*This is one of the most commonly found lubricating ingredients in shampoos, silicone-free conditioners, creams, shower gels, body butter, hair masks, crack creams, etc.
*You can add Stearyl alcohol to your moisturizers or base makeup products to achieve the glass-skin effect.
*Stearyl alcohol binds water to your skin making it look extremely hydrated and plump.
*Stearyl alcohol helps in deeper penetration of the active ingredients into the skin and enhances their efficacy.
*You can add Stearyl alcohol to your lotions and body butter to thicken them.
*Add Stearyl alcohol to your conditioners to achieve the smoothest hair possible while taming all the flyways.
*You can use Stearyl alcohol to thicken your formulations while ensuring they remain stable for long periods.



HOW STEARYL ALCOHOL WORKS:
Stearyl alcohol works by forming a layer over the skin and preventing water loss from the surface of the skin.
Stearyl alcohol works as a stabilizer and emulsifier and prevents the separation of oil from water in various formulations.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl alcohol can be used at a concentration of 0.1%-50% depending on the formulation.
Stearyl alcohol is soluble in water, alcohol, ether, and benzene.



HOW TO USE STEARYL ALCOHOL?
Heat the water phase and the oil phase separately.
Blend vigorously and add out pure stearyl alcohol to the mix.
Continue blending until a homogenous mixture is formed.
Adjust the pH of the formulation after adding other ingredients.



WHAT DOES STEARYL ALCOHOL DO?
Stearyl alcohol is used as an ingredient in a wide variety of skin care and cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol has a number of uses including acting as an emollient, an emulsifier, and a thickener in ointments.
As an emulsifier Stearyl alcohol helps stop products from separating into their oil and water components.

Despite alcohols being associated with drying the skin, as an emollient Stearyl alcohol acts as a lubricant in moisturisers.
Stearyl alcohol helps give the skin a smoother and soft appearance.
Stearyl alcohol is also added to products as it helps stop them from being overly foamy or bubbly, especially if they are dropped or shaken.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl Alcohol and Oleyl Alcohol are mixtures of long-chain fatty alcohols.
Stearyl Alcohol consists primarily of n-octadecanol, while Oleyl Alcohol is primarily unsaturated 9-n-octadecenol.
Octyldodecanol is a branched chain fatty alcohol.

Fatty alcohols are higher molecular weight nonvolatile alcohols.
They are produced from natural fats and oils by reduction of the fatty acid
A natural organic compound that consists of a carboxyl group (oxygen, carbon and hydrogen) attached to a chain of carbon atoms with their associated hydrogen atoms.

The chain of carbon atoms may be connected with single bonds, making a ‘saturated’ fat; or it may contain some double bonds, making an ‘unsaturated’ fat.
The number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in the chain is what determines the qualities of that particular fatty acid.

Animal and vegetable fats are made up of various combinations of fatty acids (in sets of three) connected to a glycerol molecule, making them triglycerides.
(-COOH) grouping to the hydroxyl function (-OH).
Alternately, several completely synthetic routes yield fatty alcohols which may be structurally identical or similar to the naturally-derived alcohols.



WHY IS STEARYL ALCOHOL USED?
Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol help to form emulsions and prevent an emulsion
A mixture of two liquids that normally cannot be mixed, in which one liquid is dispersed in the other liquid as very fine droplets.
Emulsifying agents are often used to help form the emulsion and stabilizing agents are used to keep the resulting emulsion from separating.

The most common emulsions are oil-in-water emulsions (where oil droplets are dispersed in water) and water-in-oil emulsions (where water droplets are dispersed in oil).
These ingredients also reduce the tendency of finished products to generate foam when shaken.

When used in the formulation of skin care products, Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol act as a lubricants on the skin surface, which gives the skin a soft, smooth appearance.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Chemical formula: C18H38O
Molar mass: 270.49 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Density: 0.812 g/cm3
Melting point: 59.4 to 59.8 °C (138.9 to 139.6 °F; 332.5 to 332.9 K)
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) at 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa)
Solubility in water: 1.1×10−3 mg/L
Flash point: 185 °C (365 °F; 458 K)
CAS number: 112-92-5
EC number: 204-017-6
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₃₈O
Molar Mass: 270.49 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 17 00

Boiling point: 330 - 360 °C
Density: 0.805 - 0.815 g/cm3 (60 °C)
Flash point: 195 °C
Ignition temperature: 230 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point: 55 - 60 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 300 kg/m3
Molecular Weight: 270.5 g/mol
XLogP3: 8.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 145
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: solid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: 57 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 335 °C
Flash point: 195 °C

Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 38 °C
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 0,91 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,001 g/l at 23 °C - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 7,4
Autoignition temperature: ca.269 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: 4,0 mm2/s - ASTM D 445
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Appearance: white solid powder (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 57.00 to 60.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 210.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 333.00 to 335.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.000009 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 9.3 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 282.00 °F. TCC ( 138.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 7.971 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 0.0151 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 0.0011 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Chemical formula: C18H38O
Molar mass: 270.49 g/mol
Appearance: White solid

Density: 0.812 g/cm3
Melting point: 59.4 to 59.8 °C (138.9 to 139.6 °F; 332.5 to 332.9 K)
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) at 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa)
Solubility in water: 1.1×10−3 mg/L
CAS number: 112-92-5
EC number: 204-017-6
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₃₈O
Molar Mass: 270.49 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 17 30
Boiling point: 330 - 360 °C
Density 0.805 - 0.815 g/cm3 (60 °C)
Flash point: 195 °C
Ignition temperature: 230 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point: 55 - 60 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 300 kg/m3

Water Solubility: 5.22e-05 mg/mL
logP: 8.27
logP: 7.03
logS: -6.7
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 16.84
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 20.23 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Refractivity: 86.55 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 38.65 Å3
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 0
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


STEARYL ALCOHOL
Stearyl alcohol is one of the most promising fatty alcohols to be used for food applications as an oil-structuring agent.
Stearyl alcohol is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.
Stearyl alcohol is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.


CAS Number: 112-92-5
Chemical formula: C18H38O


Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol also known as 1-octadecanol is a fatty alcohol classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂OH used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.


Stearyl alcohol is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
Stearyl Alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearyl alcohol is a natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source (found in Mikania cordifolia, Leiocarpa semicalva, and other organisms).


Stearyl Alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl Alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl Alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.


Stearyl Alcohol derives from a hydride of an octadecane.
Stearyl alcohol is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Stoebe vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.
Stearyl Alcohol is a handy multi-tasker, white to light yellowish oil-loving wax that works very well in oil-in-water emulsions.


Stearyl Alcohol makes your skin feel nice and smooth (emollient), stabilizes oil-water mixes and gives body to them.
A natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source, Stearyl alcohol changes the viscosity and adds a to creams and lotions, whilst adding stability
Stearyl Alcohol is white to off white pellets that have a melting point of around 138F


Stearyl Alcohol's a so-called fatty alcohol - the good, emollient type of alcohol that is non-drying and non-irritating.
Stearyl Alcohol is often mixed with fellow fatty alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, and the mixture is called Cetearyl Alcohol in the ingredient list.
Stearyl alcohol is one of the most promising fatty alcohols to be used for food applications as an oil-structuring agent.


Stearyl alcohol is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.
Stearyl alcohol is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.
Stearyl alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.


Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid prevalent in animal fats, but rich plant sources of stearic acid include palm fruit, cocoa butter and shea butter.
Stearyl Alcohol we use is derived from plant (non-animal) sources.
Stearyl Alcohol is obtained from palm oil fatty acids by esterification and catalytic hydrogenation.


Classified as a long-chain alcohol, Stearyl Alcohol is a white solid below 56-58 ºC.
Stearyl Alcohol is the trade name for Acme-Hardesty’s palm oil-derived stearyl alcohol (also known as stearic alcohol and octadecanol-1).
Stearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol sold in flakes, pastilles and beads, and is available in both NF (National Formulary) grade and kosher preparations.


Fatty alcohols can be natural, derived from plant-based oils like palm or coconut, or they can be synthetic.
Stearyl alcohol is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearyl alcohol is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.


Stearyl alcohol is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.
Stearyl alcohol is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid prevalent in animal fats, but rich plant sources of stearic acid include palm fruit, cocoa butter and shea butter.


Stearyl Alcohol we use is derived from plant (non-animal) sources.
Stearyl alcohol or Octadenol is a fatty alcohol.
Stearyl Alcohol forms with cetyl alcohol (CETYL ALCOHOL), cetearyl alcohol (CETEARYL ALCOHOL).


Stearyl alcohol is allowed in organic.
The CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) in an annual report published in 2006, concluded that stearyl alcohol is safe.
Stearyl Alcohol is a vegetable-based, highly refined fatty alcohol. Stearyl Alcohol's melting point is 56 – 60°C (133-140F).


HLB of Stearyl Alcohol is 15.5 (give oil-in-water emulsions but only to a limited degree).
Stearyl Alcohol acts as co-emulsifier, skin conditioner, and superfatting agent.
Stearyl Alcohol has good thickening and stabilizing properties for all kinds of emulsions.


Stearyl alcohol, C18H38O, is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearyl alcohol is found naturally in various mammalian tissues.
Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl Alcohol is used in Cream, Lotion, Shaving Products, and Massage Creams
Stearyl Alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl Alcohol has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.


Stearyl Alcohol is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.
Stearyl alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.


Stearyl Alcohol is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
Industrial uses of Stearyl Alcohol: biocides (manufacturer of disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, anti-freeze products, lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes.


Cosmetic uses of Stearyl Alcohol: Emulsion stabilizing, fragrance, opacifying, refatting, skin conditioning-emollient, surfactant-cleansing, surfactant-emulsifying, surfactant-foam boosting, viscosity controlling.
Stearyl alcohol can be used in personal care products as an emollient, helping to nourish skin and hair, leaving them soft and smooth.


Stearyl Alcohol also has emulsion stabilizing properties, and can be used to help balance and add structure to oil-water formulations.
Stearyl alcohol acts as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity controllers, and dispersants.
Stearyl alcohol functions as a chemical intermediate, most often used in surfactants to enhance foaming and cleaning properties in detergents and cleaners.


Stearyl Alcohol is used Stabilizer for cosmetic emulsions, Ointment base, Additive for hair cream conditioners.
Stearyl Alcohol s usedt hickening agent for cosmetics , pharmaceuticals.
Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are long chain fatty alcohols.


Stearyl Alcohol is a white, waxy solid with a faint odor, while Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are clear, colorless liquids.
These three ingredients are found in a wide variety of products such as hair conditioners, foundations, eye makeup, skin moisturizers, skin cleansers and other skin care products.


Stearyl alcohol can be used in personal care products as an emollient, helping to nourish skin and hair, leaving them soft and smooth.
Stearyl Alcohol also has emulsion stabilizing properties, and can be used to help balance and add structure to oil-water formulations.
Stearyl Alcohol is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier (which helps water and oil to mix).


Stearyl Alcohol can be used as pacifier.
Stearyl Alcohol is used in the biosynthesis of lipids and other naturally occurring cellular constituents and enters metabolic pathways for energy production.


In the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries stearyl alcohol can be used as an emulsion stabilizer, fragrance ingredient, surfactant/emulsifying agent, foam booster, and as a viscosity increasing agent.
Stearyl Alcohol is found as an ingredient of hydrophilic ointments and petrolatums, and is also used in the preparation of creams.


Stearyl alcohol appears to be poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
Stearyl alcohol is used in Hair Conditioner - Nourishing, Skin care cream - Smooth & soft feeling.
Stearyl Alcohol is a 100% natural, vegetable derived fatty alcohol, used widely in the cosmetic and personal care industry.


Stearyl Alcohol is commonly used to form emulsions and is used as a conditioner, emollient, emulsifier and thickener in many cosmetic and personal care products.
As an emulsifier, Stearyl Alcohol helps to bind and keep product ingredients from separating (oil and water), as well as giving products better spreadability.


As a thickening agent and surfactant, Stearyl Alcohol helps to increase the viscosity (thickness) of the product and can also increase the foaming capacity.
Often misinterpreted as an "alcohol" (usually referring to ethyl or rubbing alcohol, both of which are often very drying to the skin), it is in fact, quite the opposite!


Stearyl Alcohol is well known to condition and soften hair and skin, so is also often added to products to increase its moisturizing properties.
Most commonly used in shampoos & conditioners, Stearyl Alcohol is also used widely in other products such as skin lotions, moisturizers & creams, sunscreens, hair removal creams, hair mousse, hair dyes, mascaras, lipsticks, cleansers, and many more!


-Uses & Applications of Stearyl Alcohol:
*Surfactants and Esters: Nonionic Surfactants
*Waxes: Intermediate
*Plastics: Intermediate
*Soaps and Detergents: Nonionic Surfactants
*Personal Care: Facial Creams, Lotions, Hair Conditioners
*Textiles: Intermediate



FUNCTIONS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
*Emollient:
Stearyl Alcohol softens and softens the skin

*Emulsifying agent:
Stearyl Alcohol promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)

*Emulsion Stabilizer:
Stearyl Alcohol aids the emulsification process and improves emulsion stability and shelf life

*Foam Sinergist:
Stearyl Alcohol improves the quality of foam produced by increasing one or more of the following properties: volume, texture and/or stability

*Masking Agent:
Stearyl Alcohol reduces or inhibits base product odor or taste

*Opacifier:
Stearyl Alcohol reduces the transparency or translucency of cosmetics

*Lipid Restoration Agent:
Stearyl Alcohol restores lipids to hair or top layers of skin

*Surfactant:
Stearyl Alcohol reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use

*Viscosity control agent:
Stearyl Alcohol increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics



WHY IS STEARYL ALCOHOL USED IN COSMETIC AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol help to form emulsions and prevent an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components.
These ingredients also reduce the tendency of finished products to generate foam when shaken.
When used in the formulation of skin care products, Stearyl Alcohol, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol act as a lubricants on the skin surface, which gives the skin a soft, smooth appearance.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Stearyl Alcohol and Oleyl Alcohol are mixtures of long-chain fatty alcohols.
Stearyl Alcohol consists primarily of n-octadecanol, while Oleyl Alcohol is primarily unsaturated 9-n-octadecenol.
Octyldodecanol is a branched chain fatty alcohol.

Fatty alcohols are higher molecular weight nonvolatile alcohols.
They are produced from natural fats and oils by reduction of the fatty acid (-COOH) grouping to the hydroxyl function (-OH).
Alternately, several completely synthetic routes yield fatty alcohols which may be structurally identical or similar to the naturally-derived alcohols.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
Chemical formula: C18H38O
Molar mass: 270.49 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Density: 0.812 g/cm3
Melting point: 59.4 to 59.8 °C (138.9 to 139.6 °F; 332.5 to 332.9 K)
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) at 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa)
Solubility in water: 1.1×10−3 mg/L
Flash point: 185 °C (365 °F; 458 K)
CAS number: 112-92-5
EC number: 204-017-6
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₃₈O
Molar Mass: 270.49 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 17 00
Boiling point: 330 - 360 °C
Density: 0.805 - 0.815 g/cm3 (60 °C)
Flash point: 195 °C
Ignition temperature: 230 °C DIN 51794

Melting Point: 55 - 60 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 300 kg/m3
Molecular Weight: 270.5 g/mol
XLogP3: 8.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 145
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: solid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: 57 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 335 °C
Flash point: 195 °C
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 38 °C
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 0,91 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,001 g/l at 23 °C - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 7,4
Autoignition temperature: ca.269 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: 4,0 mm2/s - ASTM D 445
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: white solid powder (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 57.00 to 60.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 210.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 333.00 to 335.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.000009 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 9.3 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 282.00 °F. TCC ( 138.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 7.971 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 0.0151 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 0.0011 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARYL ALCOHOL:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
C18H38O
Alcohol Stearylicus
1-Octadecanol
1-Hydroxyoctadecane
Octadecan-1-ol
1-octadecanol
Stearyl alcohol
Octadecan-1-ol
1-OCTADECANOL
Octadecanol
112-92-5
1-Hydroxyoctadecane
Octadecyl alcohol
n-Octadecanol
n-1-Octadecanol
Stearol
n-Octadecyl alcohol
Stearic alcohol
Atalco S
Alfol 18
Steraffine
Alcohol stearylicus
Polaax
Stenol
Crodacol-S
Siponol S
Siponol SC
Aldol 62
Lanol S
Sipol S
Adol 68
Decyl octyl alcohol
Cachalot S-43
Lorol 28
1-0ctadecanol
Dytol E-46
Stearylalkohol
Usp xiii stearyl alcohol
Octadecylalkohol
C18 alcohol
Rita SA
Lanette 18
Hainol 18SS
Alcohol(C18)
Custom stearyl
CO-1895
Ultrapure s
Oristar sa
Lipocol s-deo
Lipocol S
Stearyl alcohol s
Crodacol s95
Octadecanol, 1-
Stearyl alcohol pc
Alfol 18 alcohol
Aec stearyl alcohol
Crodacol s-95
Kalcohl 80
Nacol 18do alcohol
Conol 30F
Nikkol stearyl alcohol
CCRIS 3960
Rofamol
Sabonal c 18 95
CO-1897
Nacol 18-94 alcohol
Nacol 18-98 alcohol
Nacol 18-99 alcohol
Conol 1675
HSDB 1082
Octadecanol NF
Crodacol S
NSC 5379
NSC-5379
1-stearyl alcohol
EINECS 204-017-6
UNII-2KR89I4H1Y
BRN 1362907
2KR89I4H1Y
DTXSID8026935
CHEBI:32154
Kalcohl 8098
OCTADECENOL-
AI3-01330
Adol 62
C18H38O
NSC5379
CO 1895F
MFCD00002823
Stearyl alcohol [JAN:NF]
Stearyl alcohol [USAN:JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/F
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/P
DTXCID306935
N-OCTADECYL-D37 ALCOHOL
EC 204-017-6
4-01-00-01888 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
EINECS 272-778-1
CACHALOT S-56 STEARYL ALCOHOL
68911-61-5
NCGC00159369-02
NCGC00159369-04
STEARYL ALCOHOL (II)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [II]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (MART.)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
CAS-112-92-5
stearylalcohol
Octanodecanol
Stearal
-n octadecanol
Alcool starylique
n-octadecylalcohol
Varonic BG
1-hidroxioctadecane
Crodacol S70
Crodacol S95NF
Stearyl alcohol NF
alcohol n-Octadecil
Lanette 18DEO
stearyl alcohol pure
Aec cetearyl alcohol
Cachalot S 43
Cachalot S-56
Crodacol S 70
Crodacol S 95
Laurex 18
Octadecan- 1- ol
Philcohol 1800
Stearyl alcohol USP
Lanette 18 DEO
Alfol 18NF
Conol 30SS
Crodacol 1618
Conol 30S
Lorol C18
86369-69-9
Crodacol S 95 NF
Kalchol 8098
Kalcohl 8099
Alfol 1618 alcohol
Adol 64
Alcohol cetylstearylicus
Alfol 1618e alcohol
Hyfatol 18-95
Hyfatol 18-98
Kalcol 8098
Lorol C 18
Speziol C 18 Pharma
Alfol 1618cg alcohol
1-Octadecanol, 95%
SSD AF (Salt/Mix)
Nacol 18-98
VLTN 6
Ceteareth-20 (Salt/Mix)
SCHEMBL23810
OCTADECANOL [WHO-DD]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MI]
CHEMBL24640
Stearyl alcohol (JP17/NF)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
WLN: Q18
STEARYL ALCOHOL [VANDF]
SCHEMBL10409854
STEARYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD]
CS-D1671
HY-Y1809
Tox21_111610
LMFA05000085
STL453659
1-Octadecanol, technical grade, 80%
AKOS009031494
Tox21_111610_1
1-Octadecanol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
CO 1895
CO 1897
CO 1898
Octadecan-1-ol (Langkettige Alkohole)
NCGC00159369-03
LS-97715
SY011369
1-Octadecanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
FT-0761208
O0006
1-Octadecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
EN300-19954
1-Octadecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 94%
D01924
A802702
L000755
Q632384
SR-01000944718
J-002873
SR-01000944718-1
Z104476204
Stearyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
2DEF44B7-B367-4188-89E4-531379568C74
Stearyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Stearyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
InChI=1/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H



STEARYL ALCOHOL
Stearyl alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.

CAS: 112-92-5
MF: C18H38O
MW: 270.49
EINECS: 204-017-6

Stearyl alcohol derives from a hydride of an octadecane.
Mixed monolayers of Stearyl alcohol and ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether were studied to investigate their evaporation suppressing performance.
The rate dependence of the collapse pressure for an octadecanolmonolayer using axisymmetric drop shape analysis has been investigated.
Stearyl alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl alcohol has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl alcohol is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.

Stearyl alcohol derives from a hydride of an octadecane.
Stearyl alcohol (also known as octadecyl alcohol or 1-octadecanol) is an organic compound classified as a fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl alcohol has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments.

Stearyl alcohol, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl alcohol takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl alcohol has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.
Stearyl alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.
Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol has low toxicity.

Stearyl alcohol is a fatty alcohol used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.
Stearyl alcohol is not to be confused with the drying, irritating types of alcohol such as SD alcohol or denatured alcohol.
This versatile ingredient also has cleansing and foam-boosting properties and isn’t considered drying on skin.

Stearyl alcohol is an organic compound that is classified as a fatty alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol is a white, waxy granule or flake, which doesn’t dissolve in water.
Stearyl alcohol is derived from stearic acid which is most commonly found in vegetable, palm and coconut oils.
Stearyl alcohol is often used in hair shampoos and conditioners, moisturisers, make up, cleansers, perfumes and foundation.
Stearyl alcohol is used as an ingredient in a wide variety of skin care and cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol has a number of uses including acting as an emollient, an emulsifier, and a thickener in ointments.
As an emulsifier Stearyl alcohol helps stop products from separating into their oil and water components.
Despite alcohols being associated with drying the skin, as an emollient Stearyl alcohol acts as a lubricant in moisturisers.
Stearyl alcohol helps give the skin a smoother and soft appearance.
Stearyl alcohol is also added to products as it helps stop them from being overly foamy or bubbly, especially if they are dropped or shaken.

Stearyl alcohol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 56-59 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 210 °C15 mm Hg
Density: 0.812 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 9.3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: 1.4356 (estimate)
Fp: 185°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: methanol: soluble10mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Flakes
pka: 15.20±0.10(Predicted)
Specific Gravity: 0.812
Color: White
Odor: wh. unctuous flakes or gran., faint odor, bland taste
Explosive limit: ~8%
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,8805
BRN: 1362907
LogP: 7.4
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-92-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Stearyl alcohol (112-92-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Stearyl alcohol (112-92-5)

Stearyl alcohol occurs as hard, white, waxy pieces, flakes, or granules with a slight characteristic odor and bland taste.
Soluble in alcohol, acetone, and ether; insoluble in water.

Uses
Stearyl alcohol is used to surfactant in cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol provides effective hydration to hands and face with pheohydrane which is a complex of the mico algae Chlorella Vulgaris and hydrolysed algin in a sea water base.
Stearyl alcohol is a saturated alcohol of high purity and can substitute for cetyl alcohol in pharmaceutical dispensing, in cosmetic creams, for emulsions, textile oils and finishes, as antifoam agent, lubricant, viscosity agent, builder, and chemical raw material.

Stearyl alcohol is a long chain primary alcohol that is used in the production of emulsions, textile oils, antifoam agents, and lubricants.
Other large scale applications include the manufacture of alkyl amines, tertiary amines, ethoxylates, halides/mercaptans, and polymerization stabilizers.
Stearyl alcohol generally occurs as a mixture of solid alcohols whose primary constituent is 1-octadecanol.
Stearyl alcohol occurs naturally in sperm whale oil and has been isolated from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Pyrococcus furiosus.
Stearyl alcohol has been used to model the plant epicuticular wax layer for an investigation by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The use of Stearyl alcohol to prepare microsphere formulations for such compounds as paclitaxel and indomethacin has been described.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Stearyl alcohol is used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical creams and ointments as a stiffening agent.
By increasing the viscosity of an emulsion, stearyl alcohol increases its stability.
Stearyl alcohol also has some emollient and weak emulsifying properties, and is used to increase the water-holding capacity of ointments, e.g. petrolatum.
In addition, Stearyl alcohol has been used in controlled-release tablets, suppositories, and microspheres.
Stearyl alcohol has also been investigated for use as a transdermal penetration enhancer.

Hazard
Mildly toxic by ingestion.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplastigenic data.
A skin and eye irritant.
Flammable when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing materials.
To fight fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical.
When heated to decomposition Stearyl alcohol emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Preparation Method
Stearyl alcohol can be prepared by hydrolysis of cetyl oil, by hydrogenation of stearic acid under catalysis of copper chromate, or by reduction of ethyl stearate with saturated ethanol.
Heptadecene fraction can also be obtained by controlling the polymerization reaction of ethylene under the action of alkyl aluminum, and then the eighteen alcohol can be obtained by carbonyl synthesis.

Synonyms
Stearyl alcohol
Octadecan-1-ol
1-OCTADECANOL
Octadecanol
112-92-5
1-Hydroxyoctadecane
Octadecyl alcohol
n-Octadecanol
n-1-Octadecanol
Stearol
n-Octadecyl alcohol
Stearic alcohol
Atalco S
Alfol 18
Alcohol stearylicus
Steraffine
Polaax
Stenol
Crodacol-S
Aldol 62
Siponol S
Siponol SC
Lanol S
Sipol S
Adol 68
Decyl octyl alcohol
Cachalot S-43
Lorol 28
1-0ctadecanol
Dytol E-46
Usp xiii stearyl alcohol
Stearylalkohol
Rita SA
CO-1895
Lanette 18
Hainol 18SS
Custom stearyl
Ultrapure s
Oristar sa
Octadecanol NF
Lipocol s-deo
Lipocol S
Stearyl alcohol s
Crodacol s95
Stearyl alcohol pc
Aec stearyl alcohol
Alfol 18 alcohol
Crodacol s-95
CO-1897
Nacol 18do alcohol
Nikkol stearyl alcohol
Sabonal c 18 95
Nacol 18-94 alcohol
Nacol 18-98 alcohol
Nacol 18-99 alcohol
NSC-5379
MFCD00002823
2KR89I4H1Y
DTXSID8026935
N-OCTADECYL-D37 ALCOHOL
CHEBI:32154
NSC5379
68911-61-5
NCGC00159369-02
NCGC00159369-04
Octadecylalkohol
Octadecanol, 1-
C18 alcohol
DTXCID306935
Alcohol(C18)
Rofamol
Crodacol S
1-stearyl alcohol
CAS-112-92-5
Kalcohl 80
CCRIS 3960
Conol 30F
Kalcohl 8098
HSDB 1082
C18H38O
Adol 62
Conol 1675
NSC 5379
EINECS 204-017-6
Stearyl alcohol [JAN:NF]
BRN 1362907
stearylalcohol
UNII-2KR89I4H1Y
Octanodecanol
Stearal
AI3-01330
n-octadecylalcohol
Varonic BG
Crodacol S70
Crodacol S95NF
Stearyl alcohol NF
CO 1895F
EINECS 272-778-1
stearyl alcohol pure
Aec cetearyl alcohol
Cachalot S-56
Philcohol 1800
Stearyl alcohol USP
Lanette 18 DEO
Crodacol 1618
Lorol C18
86369-69-9
OCTADECENOL-
Alfol 1618 alcohol
Alcohol cetylstearylicus
Alfol 1618e alcohol
Alfol 1618cg alcohol
1-Octadecanol, 95%
SSD AF (Salt/Mix)
EC 204-017-6
Ceteareth-20 (Salt/Mix)
SCHEMBL23810
OCTADECANOL [WHO-DD]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [II]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MI]
4-01-00-01888 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CHEMBL24640
Stearyl alcohol (JP17/NF)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/F
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/P
STEARYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
WLN: Q18
STEARYL ALCOHOL [VANDF]
SCHEMBL10409854
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD]
CS-D1671
HY-Y1809
Tox21_111610
LMFA05000085
STL453659
1-Octadecanol, technical grade, 80%
AKOS009031494
CACHALOT S-56 STEARYL ALCOHOL
STEARYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
Tox21_111610_1
1-Octadecanol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00159369-03
SY011369
1-Octadecanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
FT-0761208
O0006
1-Octadecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
EN300-19954
1-Octadecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 94%
D01924
A802702
L000755
Q632384
SR-01000944718
J-002873
SR-01000944718-1
Z104476204
Stearyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
2DEF44B7-B367-4188-89E4-531379568C74
Stearyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Stearyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
STEARYL ALCOHOL (C18)
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.

CAS: 112-92-5
MF: C18H38O
MW: 270.49
EINECS: 204-017-6

Stearyl Alcohol (C18) derives from a hydride of an octadecane.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18), or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18), the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.

Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) has low toxicity.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) derives from a hydride of an octadecane.
Mixed monolayers of Stearyl Alcohol (C18) and ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether were studied to investigate their evaporation suppressing performance.
The rate dependence of the collapse pressure for an octadecanolmonolayer using axisymmetric drop shape analysis has been investigated.

Stearyl Alcohol C18-99 is a 99% fatty alcohol with a carbon fatty tail length of 18.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is a great non-comedogenic moisturizing agent.
Non-comedogenic ingredients are highly desired in various skin care products, because these do not clog the pores in the skin.
This makes Stearyl Alcohol C18-99 an excellent choice for a wide range of products like body lotions, shampoos, make-up products, soaps, and skin creams.
Stearyl Alcohol C18-99 is also a thickener, emulsifier, and stabilizer, making it a useful additive in many products.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is an NF grade, biodegradable, high C18 content Stearyl Alcohol derived entirely from vegetable feedstock.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is a waxy white solid with a mild soapy odor at room temperature, and finds widespread application as an opacifier, emulsion thickener/bodifier and stabilizer, viscosity stabilizer, and rinse-out hair conditioning component.

Stearyl Alcohol (C18) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 56-59 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 210 °C15 mm Hg
Density: 0.812 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 9.3 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: 1.4356 (estimate)
Fp: 185°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility methanol: soluble10mg/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Flakes
pka: 15.20±0.10(Predicted)
Specific Gravity: 0.812
Color: White
Odor: wh. unctuous flakes or gran., faint odor, bland taste
Explosive limit: ~8%
Water Solubility: insoluble
Merck: 14,8805
BRN: 1362907
Dielectric constant: 3.4(58℃)
LogP: 7.4
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-92-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Stearyl Alcohol (C18) (112-92-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Stearyl Alcohol (C18) (112-92-5)

Stearyl Alcohol (C18), or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) occurs as hard, white, waxy pieces, flakes, or granules, which have a slight characteristic odor and a bland taste.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is soluble in alcohol, acetone, and ether, but insoluble in water.
Furthermore, Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is combustible.

Uses
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is used as a surfactant in cosmetics.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) effectively moisturizes hands and face with pheohydrane, which is a complex derived from the microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and hydrolyzed algin found in sea water.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is a saturated alcohol of high purity and can substitute for cetyl alcohol in pharmaceutical dispensing, in cosmetic creams, for emulsions, textile oils and finishes, as antifoam agent, lubricant, viscosity agent, builder, and chemical raw material.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is a long chain primary alcohol that is used in the production of emulsions, textile oils, antifoam agents, and lubricants.

Other large scale applications include the manufacture of alkyl amines, tertiary amines, ethoxylates, halides/mercaptans, and polymerization stabilizers.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) generally occurs as a mixture of solid alcohols whose primary constituent is 1-octadecanol.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) occurs naturally in sperm whale oil and has been isolated from the hyperthermophilic bacterium Pyrococcus furiosus.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) has been used to model the plant epicuticular wax layer for an investigation by differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
The use of Stearyl Alcohol (C18) to prepare microsphere formulations for such compounds as paclitaxel and indomethacin has been described.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical creams and ointments as a stiffening agent.
By increasing the viscosity of an emulsion, stearyl alcohol increases its stability.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) also has some emollient and weak emulsifying properties, and is used to increase the water-holding capacity of ointments, e.g. petrolatum.
In addition, Stearyl Alcohol (C18) has been used in controlled-release tablets, suppositories, and microspheres.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) has also been investigated for use as a transdermal penetration enhancer.

Preparation
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) is prepared commercially via Ziegler aluminum alkyl hydrolysis or the catalytic, high-pressure hydrogenation of stearyl acid, followed by filtration and distillation.
Stearyl Alcohol (C18) may also be derived from natural fats and oils.
Historically, Stearyl Alcohol (C18) was prepared from sperm whale oil but is now largely prepared synthetically by reduction of ethyl stearate with lithium aluminum hydride.

Synonyms
Stearyl alcohol
Octadecan-1-ol
1-OCTADECANOL
Octadecanol
112-92-5
1-Hydroxyoctadecane
Octadecyl alcohol
n-Octadecanol
n-1-Octadecanol
Stearol
n-Octadecyl alcohol
Stearic alcohol
Atalco S
Alfol 18
Steraffine
Alcohol stearylicus
Polaax
Stenol
Crodacol-S
Siponol S
Siponol SC
Aldol 62
Lanol S
Sipol S
Adol 68
Decyl octyl alcohol
Cachalot S-43
Lorol 28
1-0ctadecanol
Dytol E-46
Stearylalkohol
Usp xiii stearyl alcohol
Octadecylalkohol
C18 alcohol
Rita SA
Lanette 18
Hainol 18SS
Alcohol(C18)
Custom stearyl
CO-1895
Ultrapure s
Oristar sa
Lipocol s-deo
Lipocol S
Stearyl alcohol s
Crodacol s95
Stearyl alcohol pc
Alfol 18 alcohol
Aec stearyl alcohol
Crodacol s-95
Kalcohl 80
Nacol 18do alcohol
Conol 30F
Nikkol stearyl alcohol
CCRIS 3960
Sabonal c 18 95
CO-1897
Nacol 18-94 alcohol
Nacol 18-98 alcohol
Nacol 18-99 alcohol
Conol 1675
HSDB 1082
Octadecanol NF
NSC 5379
NSC-5379
EINECS 204-017-6
UNII-2KR89I4H1Y
BRN 1362907
2KR89I4H1Y
DTXSID8026935
CHEBI:32154
OCTADECENOL-
AI3-01330
NSC5379
CO 1895F
MFCD00002823
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/F
STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/P
DTXCID306935
N-OCTADECYL-D37 ALCOHOL
EC 204-017-6
4-01-00-01888 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CACHALOT S-56 STEARYL ALCOHOL
68911-61-5
NCGC00159369-02
NCGC00159369-04
Octadecanol, 1-
STEARYL ALCOHOL (II)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [II]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (MART.)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MART.]
STEARYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS]
Rofamol
Crodacol S
STEARYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
1-stearyl alcohol
CAS-112-92-5
Kalcohl 8098
C18H38O
Adol 62
Stearyl alcohol [JAN:NF]
stearylalcohol
Octanodecanol
Stearal
n-octadecylalcohol
Varonic BG
Crodacol S70
Crodacol S95NF
Stearyl alcohol NF
EINECS 272-778-1
stearyl alcohol pure
Aec cetearyl alcohol
Cachalot S-56
Philcohol 1800
Stearyl alcohol USP
Lanette 18 DEO
Crodacol 1618
Lorol C18
86369-69-9
Alfol 1618 alcohol
Alcohol cetylstearylicus
Alfol 1618e alcohol
Alfol 1618cg alcohol
1-Octadecanol, 95%
SSD AF (Salt/Mix)
Ceteareth-20 (Salt/Mix)
SCHEMBL23810
OCTADECANOL [WHO-DD]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [MI]
CHEMBL24640
Stearyl alcohol (JP17/NF)
STEARYL ALCOHOL [JAN]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [HSDB]
STEARYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
WLN: Q18
STEARYL ALCOHOL [VANDF]
SCHEMBL10409854
Stearyl alcohol; octadecan-1-ol
STEARYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD]
CS-D1671
HY-Y1809
Tox21_111610
LMFA05000085
1-Octadecanol, technical grade, 80%
AKOS009031494
Tox21_111610_1
1-Octadecanol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
NCGC00159369-03
SY011369
1-Octadecanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
FT-0761208
O0006
1-Octadecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%
EN300-19954
1-Octadecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 94%
D01924
A802702
L000755
Q632384
SR-01000944718
J-002873
SR-01000944718-1
Z104476204
Stearyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
2DEF44B7-B367-4188-89E4-531379568C74
Stearyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Stearyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
InChI=1/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H
Stearyl Alcohol 98 %
Octadecan-1-ol , Octadecan-1-ol Stearyl alcohol 1-OCTADECANOL Octadecanol 1-Hydroxyoctadecane Octadecyl alcohol n-Octadecanol Stearol n-Octadecyl alcohol n-1-Octadecanol Stearic alcohol CAS Number: 112-92-5
STEARYL ALCOHOL C18
Stearyl alcohol c18, C18H38O, is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is found naturally in various mammalian tissues.
Stearyl alcohol c18 acts as co-emulsifier, skin conditioner, and superfatting agent.


CAS Number: 112-92-5
Molecular Formula: C18H38O / CH3(CH2)17OH



Stearyl alcohol, Octadecan-1-ol, 1-OCTADECANOL, Octadecanol, 112-92-5, 1-Hydroxyoctadecane, Octadecyl alcohol, n-Octadecanol, n-1-Octadecanol, Stearol,
n-Octadecyl alcohol, Stearic alcohol, Atalco S, Alfol 18, Steraffine, Alcohol stearylicus, Polaax, Stenol, Crodacol-S, Siponol S, Siponol SC, Aldol 62, Lanol S, Sipol S, Adol 68, Decyl octyl alcohol, Cachalot S-43, Lorol 28, 1-0ctadecanol, Dytol E-46, Stearylalkohol, Usp xiii stearyl alcohol, Octadecylalkohol, C18 alcohol, Rita SA, Lanette 18, Hainol 18SS, Alcohol(C18), Custom stearyl, CO-1895, Ultrapure s, Oristar sa, Lipocol s-deo, Lipocol S, Stearyl alcohol s, Crodacol s95, Stearyl alcohol pc, Alfol 18 alcohol, Aec stearyl alcohol, Crodacol s-95, Kalcohl 80, Nacol 18do alcohol, Conol 30F, Nikkol stearyl alcohol, CCRIS 3960, Sabonal c 18 95, CO-1897, Nacol 18-94 alcohol, Nacol 18-98 alcohol, Nacol 18-99 alcohol, Conol 1675, HSDB 1082, Octadecanol NF,
NSC 5379, NSC-5379, EINECS 204-017-6, UNII-2KR89I4H1Y, BRN 1362907, 2KR89I4H1Y, DTXSID8026935, CHEBI:32154, OCTADECENOL-, AI3-01330, NSC5379, CO 1895F, MFCD00002823, STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/F, STEARYL ALCOHOL 98/P, DTXCID306935, 68911-61-5, EC 204-017-6, 4-01-00-01888 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),
N-OCTADECYL-D37 ALCOHOL, CACHALOT S-56 STEARYL ALCOHOL, NCGC00159369-02, NCGC00159369-04, Octadecanol, 1-, STEARYL ALCOHOL (II), STEARYL ALCOHOL [II], STEARYL ALCOHOL (MART.), STEARYL ALCOHOL [MART.], STEARYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), STEARYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], Rofamol, Crodacol S, STEARYL ALCOHOL (EP MONOGRAPH), STEARYL ALCOHOL [EP MONOGRAPH], 1-stearyl alcohol, CAS-112-92-5, 86369-69-9, Kalcohl 8098, C18H38O, Adol 62, Stearyl alcohol [JAN:NF], stearylalcohol, Octanodecanol, Stearal, n-octadecylalcohol, Varonic BG, Crodacol S70, Crodacol S95NF, Stearyl alcohol NF, EINECS 272-778-1, stearyl alcohol pure, Aec cetearyl alcohol, Cachalot S-56, Philcohol 1800, Stearyl alcohol USP, Lanette 18 DEO, Crodacol 1618, Lorol C18, Alfol 1618 alcohol, Alcohol cetylstearylicus, Alfol 1618e alcohol, Alfol 1618cg alcohol, 1-Octadecanol, 95%, SSD AF (Salt/Mix), Ceteareth-20 (Salt/Mix), SCHEMBL23810, OCTADECANOL [WHO-DD], STEARYL ALCOHOL [MI], CHEMBL24640, Stearyl alcohol (JP17/NF), STEARYL ALCOHOL [JAN], STEARYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], STEARYL ALCOHOL [INCI], WLN: Q18, STEARYL ALCOHOL [VANDF], SCHEMBL10409854, Stearyl alcohol, octadecan-1-ol, STEARYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], CS-D1671, HY-Y1809, Tox21_111610, LMFA05000085,
1-Octadecanol, technical grade, 80%, AKOS009031494, Tox21_111610_1, 1-Octadecanol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, NCGC00159369-03,SY011369, 1-Octadecanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), FT-0761208, NS00001960, O0006, 1-Octadecanol, Selectophore(TM), >=99.5%, EN300-19954, 1-Octadecanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 94%, D01924,
A802702, L000755, Q632384, SR-01000944718, J-002873, SR-01000944718-1, Z104476204, Stearyl alcohol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard,
2DEF44B7-B367-4188-89E4-531379568C74, Stearyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Stearyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, InChI=1/C18H38O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19/h19H,2-18H2,1H, Octadecan-1-ol, 1-octadecanol,
1-Octadecanol, Atalco S, Crodacol S, Lorol 28, n-Octadecanol, Octadecyl alcohol, n-Octadecyl alcohol, Sipol S, Siponol S, Stearol, Stearyl alcohol, Steraffine, Adol 62, Siponol SC, Lanol S, Alfol 18, Cachalot S 43, Kalcohl 80, Conol 1675, Octadecanol, 1-Hydroxyoctadecane, CO 1895F, Stearic alcohol, Rofamol, 1-Stearyl alcohol, Lorol C 18, Adol 64, Adol 68, Alfol 18NF, Lanette 18DEO, Lanette 18, Kalcohl 8098, Laurex 18, CO 1895, Conol 30S, VLTN 6, Hyfatol 18-98, Hyfatol 18-95, CO 1897, NSC 5379, Conol 30SS, Crodacol S 95, Crodacol S 70, Crodacol S 95 NF, Kalchol 8098, Kalcohl 8099, Kalcol 8098, Conol 30F, Hainol 18SS, CO 1898, Nacol 18-98, Speziol C 18 Pharma, Kolliwax SA, Lanette-S 3, Tego Alkanol 18, Elocol C 1899, Nacol C 18, Crodacol S 95EP, Stearafine Pure, Stearyl alcohol NX, Ginol 18, Nacol 1898, 8014-37-7, 8032-19-7, 8032-21-1, 8034-90-0, 193766-48-2,



Stearyl alcohol c18 is a kind of chemical material used in cosmetic field.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a white crystalline solid almost insoluble in water.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a fatty alcohol classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂OH used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid prevalent in animal fats, but rich plant sources of stearic acid include palm fruit, cocoa butter and shea butter.


Stearyl alcohol c18 we use is derived from plant (non-animal) sources.
Stearyl alcohol c18 or Octadenol is a fatty alcohol.
Stearyl alcohol c18 forms with cetyl alcohol (CETYL ALCOHOL), cetearyl alcohol (CETEARYL ALCOHOL).


Stearyl alcohol c18 is allowed in organic.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source (found in Mikania cordifolia, Leiocarpa semicalva, and other organisms).


Stearyl alcohol c18 is prepared from Stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol c18 could be produced in a synthetic way also (Ziegler process)
Stearyl alcohol c18is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.


Stearyl alcohol c18 has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid prevalent in animal fats, but rich plant sources of stearic acid include palm fruit, cocoa butter and Shea butter.


Stearyl alcohol c18 we use is derived from plant (non-animal) sources.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is obtained from palm oil fatty acids by esterification and catalytic hydrogenation.
Classified as a long-chain alcohol, Stearyl alcohol c18 is a white solid below 56-58 ºC.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is the trade name for Acme-Hardesty’s palm oil-derived Stearyl alcohol c18 (also known as stearic alcohol and octadecanol-1).
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a fatty alcohol sold in flakes, pastilles and beads, and is available in both NF (National Formulary) grade and kosher preparations.
Fatty alcohols can be natural, derived from plant-based oils like palm or coconut, or they can be synthetic.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol and an octadecanol.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Stoebe vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.


Stearyl alcohol c18's a so-called fatty alcohol - the good, emollient type of alcohol that is non-drying and non-irritating.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is often mixed with fellow fatty alcohol, Cetyl Alcohol, and the mixture is called Cetearyl Alcohol in the ingredient list.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is one of the most promising fatty alcohols to be used for food applications as an oil-structuring agent.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.
Stearyl alcohol c18 takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.


Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of stearyl alcohol and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.
The CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) in an annual report published in 2006, concluded that Stearyl alcohol c18 is safe.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a vegetable-based, highly refined fatty alcohol.


Stearyl alcohol c18's melting point is 56 - 60°C (133-140F).
HLB of Stearyl alcohol c18 is 15.5 (give oil-in-water emulsions but only to a limited degree).
Stearyl alcohol c18 acts as co-emulsifier, skin conditioner, and superfatting agent.


Stearyl alcohol c18 has good thickening and stabilizing properties for all kinds of emulsions.
Stearyl alcohol c18, C18H38O, is a compound produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is found naturally in various mammalian tissues.


Stearyl alcohol c18, or 1-octadecanol, is an organic compound classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH3(CH2)16CH2OH.
Stearyl alcohol has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.
Stearyl alcohol is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is obtained from palm oil fatty acids by esterification and catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol c18 also known as 1-octadecanol is a fatty alcohol classified as a saturated fatty alcohol with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₆CH₂OH used as an emollient and to help keep other ingredients intact in a formulation.



Stearyl alcohol c18 is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is typically produced through hydrogenation (process change from a liquid into a solid or semi-solid state) of stearic acid.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source (found in Mikania cordifolia, Leiocarpa semicalva, and other organisms).


Stearyl alcohol c18 is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol consisting of a hydroxy function at C-1 of an unbranched saturated chain of 18 carbon atoms.
Stearyl alcohol c18 has a role as a plant metabolite, a human metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a long-chain primary fatty alcohol, a fatty alcohol 18:0 and a primary alcohol.


Stearyl alcohol c18 derives from a hydride of an octadecane.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a natural product found in Mikania cordifolia, Stoebe vulgaris, and other organisms with data available.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a handy multi-tasker, white to light yellowish oil-loving wax that works very well in oil-in-water emulsions.


Stearyl alcohol c18 makes your skin feel nice and smooth (emollient), stabilizes oil-water mixes and gives body to them.
A natural alcohol which is derived from Vegetable source, Stearyl alcohol c18 changes the viscosity and adds a to creams and lotions, whilst adding stability


Stearyl alcohol c18 is white to off white pellets that have a melting point of around 138F.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is classified as a long chain alcohol is a white solid below 56-58 ºC.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is the trade name for Acme-Hardesty’s palm oil-derived stearyl alcohol (also known as stearic alcohol and octadecanol-1).


Stearyl alcohol c18 is one of the most promising fatty alcohols to be used for food applications as an oil-structuring agent.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is an organic compound, usually appearing in the form of white crystalline granules, derived from fats and oils.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is in a class known as fatty alcohols, which, unlike irritating types of alcohols, do not dry out skin.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is prepared from stearic acid or some fats by the process of catalytic hydrogenation.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is manufactured from renewable palm oil sources, without the use of GMOs.



USES and APPLICATIONS of STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
Stearyl alcohol c18 is used in the cosmetic industry as an opacifier in shampoos or as an emollient, emulsifier, or thickening agent in the manufacture of skin creams and lotions.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is also employed as a lubricant for nuts and bolts.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is used Fatty Alcohols, Flavor & Fragrance, Food Additives, Fuel Additives, Thickening Agents, Emulsifiers, Plasticizers, Resins
Stearyl alcohol c18 is an important chemical material used in the cosmetic production such as cream or emulsion.
Stearyl alcohol c18 can typically be used to produce some cosmetic cream and medical tablet formulation in lieu of cetyl alcohol(c16 alcohol).


For the detergent industry or lubricant, Stearyl alcohol c18 is also an essential chemical material.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is used for heavy industry,
Stearyl alcohol c18 can be used as lubricant for cold rolling aluminum.


This is mainly to improve the surface of metals and Stearyl alcohol c18 feels more smooth.
For Cosmetics use, Stearyl alcohol c18 is an important raw material used for the synthesis of cosmetics products raw materials.
For other industry, Stearyl alcohol c18 can be also used to produce plasticizers and some other related chemical raw materials such as polymer stabilizer and ethers, etc.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is used in Cream, Lotion, Shaving Products, and Massage Creams
Stearyl alcohol c18 takes the form of white granules or flakes, which are insoluble in water.
Stearyl alcohol c18 has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.


Cosmetic Uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: emulsion stabilizers fragrance, opacifying agents, refatting agents, skin conditioning - emollient, surfactants, surfactant - emulsifying, surfactant - foam boosting, and viscosity controlling agents.
Stearyl alcohol c18 has also found application as an evaporation suppressing monolayer when applied to the surface of water.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is a thickener of cosmetic products, mainly creams and lotions.
Industrial uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: biocides (manufacturer of disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, anti-freeze products, lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes.


Cosmetic uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: Emulsion stabilizing, fragrance, opacifying, refatting, skin conditioning-emollient, surfactant-cleansing, surfactant-emulsifying, surfactant-foam boosting, viscosity controlling.
Surfactants and Esters uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: Nonionic Surfactants


Stearyl alcohol c18 is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.
Stearyl heptanoate, the ester of Stearyl alcohol c18 and heptanoic acid (enanthic acid), is found in most cosmetic eyeliners.
Waxes uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: Intermediate


Plastics uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: Intermediate
Soaps and Detergents uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: Nonionic Surfactants
Stearyl alcohol c18 can be used in personal care products as an emollient, helping to nourish skin and hair, leaving them soft and smooth.


Stearyl alcohol c18 also has emulsion stabilizing properties, and can be used to help balance and add structure to oil-water formulations.
Stearyl alcohol c18 acts as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity controllers, and dispersants.
Stearyl alcohol c18 functions as a chemical intermediate, most often used in surfactants to enhance foaming and cleaning properties in detergents and cleaners.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is used Stabilizer for cosmetic emulsions, Ointment base, Additive for hair cream conditioners.
Personal Care uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: Facial Creams, Lotions, Hair Conditioners
Textiles uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: Intermediate


Stearyl alcohol c18 is used Chemical Industry Cosmetic and personal care, Cleaning Products, and Adhesives and Sealants.
Stearyl alcohol c18 s usedt hickening agent for cosmetics , pharmaceuticals.
Stearyl alcohol c18, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are long chain fatty alcohols.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is a white, waxy solid with a faint odor, while Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol are clear, colorless liquids.
These three ingredients are found in a wide variety of products such as hair conditioners, foundations, eye makeup, skin moisturizers, skin cleansers and other skin care products.


Stearyl alcohol c18 can be used in personal care products as an emollient, helping to nourish skin and hair, leaving them soft and smooth.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a fatty alcohol sold in flakes, pastilles and beads, and is available in both NF (National Formulary) grade and kosher preparations.
Fatty alcohols can be natural, derived from plant-based oils like palm or coconut, or they can be synthetic.


They act as emulsifiers, emollients, viscosity controllers and dispersants.
They function as chemical intermediates, most often used in surfactants to enhance foaming and cleaning properties in detergents and cleaners.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is used in cosmetics as an emulsifier (which helps water and oil to mix).


Stearyl alcohol c18 can be used as pacifier.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is used in the biosynthesis of lipids and other naturally occurring cellular constituents and enters metabolic pathways for energy production.


In the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries Stearyl alcohol c18 can be used as an emulsion stabilizer, fragrance ingredient, surfactant/emulsifying agent, foam booster, and as a viscosity increasing agent.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is found as an ingredient of hydrophilic ointments and petrolatums, and is also used in the preparation of creams.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is used as a nonionic surfactant and intermediate in the manufacture of plastics, textiles and waxes.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is also used as an ingredient in various lubricants, perfumes, personal care products and more.
Industrial uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: biocides (manufacturer of disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, anti-freeze products, lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes.


Cosmetic uses of Stearyl alcohol c18: Emulsion stabilizing, fragrance, opacifying, refatting, skin conditioning-emollient, surfactant-cleansing, surfactant-emulsifying, surfactant-foam boosting, viscosity controlling.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is used in Consumer Products Blends, Detergents, Ethoxylation, Household Cleaners, Sulfonation, Surfactants, Lubricants, Fluids & Oilfield, Esters, Personal Care, Blends, Cosmetics, Deodorant, Esters, Haircare, Skincare, Suncare, and Surfactants.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is commonly used to form emulsions and is used as a conditioner, emollient, emulsifier and thickener in many cosmetic and personal care products.
As an emulsifier, Stearyl alcohol c18 helps to bind and keep product ingredients from separating (oil and water), as well as giving products better spreadability.


As a thickening agent and surfactant, Stearyl alcohol c18 helps to increase the viscosity (thickness) of the product and can also increase the foaming capacity.
Often misinterpreted as an "alcohol" (usually referring to ethyl or rubbing alcohol, both of which are often very drying to the skin), it is in fact, quite the opposite!


Stearyl alcohol c18 has a wide range of uses as an ingredient in lubricants, resins, perfumes, and cosmetics.
Stearyl alcohol c18 also has emulsion stabilizing properties, and can be used to help balance and add structure to oil-water formulations.
Stearyl alcohol c18 appears to be poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.


Stearyl alcohol c18 is used in Hair Conditioner - Nourishing, Skin care cream - Smooth & soft feeling.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is a 100% natural, vegetable derived fatty alcohol, used widely in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
Stearyl alcohol c18 is well known to condition and soften hair and skin, so is also often added to products to increase its moisturizing properties.


Most commonly used in shampoos & conditioners, Stearyl alcohol c18 is also used widely in other products such as skin lotions, moisturizers & creams, sunscreens, hair removal creams, hair mousse, hair dyes, mascaras, lipsticks, cleansers, and many more!
Stearyl alcohol c18 is used as an emollient, emulsifier, and thickener in ointments, and is widely used as a hair coating in shampoos and hair conditioners.


-Uses & Applications of Stearyl alcohol c18:
*Surfactants and Esters: Nonionic Surfactants
*Waxes: Intermediate
*Plastics: Intermediate
*Soaps and Detergents: Nonionic Surfactants
*Personal Care: Facial Creams, Lotions, Hair Conditioners
*Textiles: Intermediate



FUNCTIONS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
*Emollient:
Stearyl alcohol c18 softens and softens the skin

*Emulsifying agent:
Stearyl alcohol c18 promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)

*Emulsion Stabilizer:
Stearyl alcohol c18 aids the emulsification process and improves emulsion stability and shelf life

*Foam Sinergist:
Stearyl alcohol c18 improves the quality of foam produced by increasing one or more of the following properties: volume, texture and/or stability

*Masking Agent:
Stearyl alcohol c18 reduces or inhibits base product odor or taste

*Opacifier:
Stearyl alcohol c18 reduces the transparency or translucency of cosmetics

*Lipid Restoration Agent:
Stearyl alcohol c18 restores lipids to hair or top layers of skin

*Surfactant:
Stearyl alcohol c18 reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product during use

*Viscosity control agent:
Stearyl alcohol c18 increases or decreases the viscosity of cosmetics



WHERE IS STEARYL ALCOHOL C18 FOUND?
Stearyl alcohol c18 is found in lubricants, resins, perfumes, cosmetics, shampoos, and conditioners.



WHAT DOES STEARYL ALCOHOL C18 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Emulsifying
*Emulsion stabilising
*Foam boosting
*Masking
*Opacifying
*Refatting
*Surfactant
*Viscosity controlling



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
Stearyl alcohol c18 and Oleyl Alcohol are mixtures of long-chain fatty alcohols.
Stearyl alcohol c18 consists primarily of n-octadecanol, while Oleyl Alcohol is primarily unsaturated 9-n-octadecenol.
Octyldodecanol is a branched chain fatty alcohol.

Fatty alcohols are higher molecular weight nonvolatile alcohols.
They are produced from natural fats and oils by reduction of the fatty acid (-COOH) grouping to the hydroxyl function (-OH).
Alternately, several completely synthetic routes yield fatty alcohols which may be structurally identical or similar to the naturally-derived alcohols.



WHY STEARYL ALCOHOL C18 IS USED IN COSMETIC AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS:
Stearyl alcohol c18, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol help to form emulsions and prevent an emulsion from separating into its oil and liquid components.
These ingredients also reduce the tendency of finished products to generate foam when shaken.
When used in the formulation of skin care products, Stearyl alcohol c18, Oleyl Alcohol and Octyldodecanol act as a lubricants on the skin surface, which gives the skin a soft, smooth appearance.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
Chemical formula: C18H38O
Molar mass: 270.49 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Density: 0.812 g/cm3
Melting point: 59.4 to 59.8 °C (138.9 to 139.6 °F; 332.5 to 332.9 K)
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) at 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa)
Solubility in water: 1.1×10−3 mg/L
Flash point: 185 °C (365 °F; 458 K)
CAS number: 112-92-5
EC number: 204-017-6
Hill Formula: C₁₈H₃₈O
Molar Mass: 270.49 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 17 00
Boiling point: 330 - 360 °C
Density: 0.805 - 0.815 g/cm3 (60 °C)
Flash point: 195 °C
Ignition temperature: 230 °C DIN 51794

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: 4,0 mm2/s - ASTM D 445
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: white solid powder (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 57.00 to 60.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 210.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 333.00 to 335.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.000009 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 9.3 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 282.00 °F. TCC ( 138.89 °C. )

logP (o/w): 7.971 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 0.0151 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 0.0011 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Melting Point: 55 - 60 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 300 kg/m3
Molecular Weight: 270.5 g/mol
XLogP3: 8.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 145
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Molecular Weight: 270.5 g/mol
XLogP3: 8.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 16
Exact Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 270.292265831 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 145
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C18H38O
Molar mass: 270.49 g/mol
Appearance: White solid
Density: 0.812 g/cm3
Melting point: 59.4 to 59.8 °C (138.9 to 139.6 °F; 332.5 to 332.9 K)
Boiling point: 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K) at 15 mmHg (2.0 kPa)
Solubility in water: 1.1×10−3 mg/L
CAS no.: 112-92-5
EC no: 204-017-6
Molecul formula: C18H38O

Synonyms: Octadecan-1-ol
E-number / INCI name: N.A. / STEARYL ALCOHOL
Appearance: Solid
Density (60°C): 0,815
Refractive index (20°C): N.A.
Melting point Value: 56-60
Product Name: Stearyl alcohol
CAS No.: 112-92-5
Molecular Formula: C18H38O
InChIKeys: InChIKey=GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 270.49
Exact Mass: 270.49
BRN: 1362907
EC Number: 204-017-6
UNII: 2KR89I4H1Y
ICSC Number: 1610
NSC Number: 5379

DSSTox ID: DTXSID8026935
Color/Form: Leaflets from ethanol|Unctuous white flakes or granules
HScode: 29051700
PSA: 20.2
XLogP3: 8.22
Appearance: White Flakes
Density: 0.8124 g/cm3 @ Temp: 59 °C
Melting Point: 59.5 °C
Boiling Point: 210.5 °C @ Press: 15 Torr
Flash Point: 185°C
Refractive Index: 1.4356 (estimate)
Water Solubility: H2O: insoluble ;methanol: soluble 10mg/mL, clear, colorless
Storage Conditions: 2-8°C
Vapor Pressure: Vapor Density: 9.3 (vs air)

Explosive limit: ~8%
Odor: Faint
Taste: Bland
Henrys Law Constant: Henry's Law constant = 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Appearance: White crystalline
Color and lustre(Hazen): ≤10
Acid value(mg KOH/g): ≤0.1
Saponification Value (mg KOH/g) ≤0.5
Iodine Value (gI2/100g): ≤0.5
Hydroxyl Value (mg KOH/g): 200~220
Main Distillate Fraction (%): ≥98
Water Content (%): ≤0.5
Melting Point (℃): 55~61
Appearance: white solid powder (est)

Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 57.00 to 60.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 210.00 °C. @ 15.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 333.00 to 335.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.000009 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 9.3 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 282.00 °F. TCC ( 138.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 7.971 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 0.0151 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 0.0011 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: solid
Color: colorless

Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: 57 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 335 °C
Flash point: 195 °C
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,01 hPa at 38 °C
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 0,91 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,001 g/l at 23 °C - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 7,4
Autoignition temperature: ca.269 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STEARYL ALCOHOL C18:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


STEARYL AMINE (OCTADECYLAMINE)

Stearyl amine, also known as octadecylamine, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C18H37NH2.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is a long-chain primary amine, featuring an 18-carbon alkyl chain bonded to an amino group.
Stearyl amine is part of the amine family and is classified as a fatty amine due to its long hydrophobic tail.

CAS Number: 124-30-1
EC Number: 204-695-9



APPLICATIONS


Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is widely used as an emulsifying agent in the production of emulsions and suspensions, allowing the mixing of immiscible substances.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is a key ingredient in the formulation of detergents, contributing to their cleaning efficiency.
In the personal care industry, octadecylamine is utilized in the creation of lotions and creams, providing a smooth texture and emollient properties.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) serves as a corrosion inhibitor in industrial processes, protecting metals from rust and degradation.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is employed as a surfactant, reducing the surface tension of liquids, which is valuable for wetting and spreading solutions.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including quaternary ammonium compounds and pharmaceuticals.

In pharmaceutical manufacturing, octadecylamine is essential for the production of drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
As an antistatic agent, it is added to plastics and textiles to prevent the buildup of static electricity.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can act as a dispersing agent for pigments and dyes, ensuring their even distribution in various products.
In the textile industry, it enhances dyeing and finishing processes, improving the fabric's properties.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) finds use in the production of fabric softeners, contributing to the softness and feel of textiles.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is known for its low toxicity, making it a safe choice for a variety of applications.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is utilized in the creation of adhesives and sealants, enhancing bonding strength and durability.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) serves as a processing aid in the production of rubber and plastic products, improving their flow and processing characteristics.
In the mining industry, octadecylamine is used as a flotation agent to separate valuable minerals from ore.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can be found in the production of asphalt additives, improving pavement performance.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is added to wood preservatives to protect against decay and insect damage.
In the paper and pulp industry, octadecylamine is used as a sizing agent for paper, enhancing printability and resistance to moisture.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) plays a role in the formulation of release agents for mold release in manufacturing processes.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the preparation of specialty coatings, including anti-fog coatings for eyewear and camera lenses.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can be found in the production of biotechnology products, including lipid-based nanoparticles for drug delivery.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the formulation of water treatment chemicals for industrial processes.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is added to lubricants to enhance their lubricating and anti-wear properties.
In the food and beverage industry, octadecylamine serves as an antifoaming agent in various products.

Its versatility and wide range of applications make octadecylamine a valuable chemical in multiple industries, from pharmaceuticals to mining and beyond.
In the oil and gas industry, octadecylamine is used as a corrosion inhibitor to protect pipelines and equipment from rust and deterioration.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is added to drilling fluids to improve their lubricating properties and reduce friction during drilling operations.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the production of flotation agents for the separation of minerals in the mining industry.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is found in the formulation of inkjet printer inks to improve ink stability and adhesion to paper.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) serves as a processing aid in the manufacturing of rubber and plastic products, helping to improve their flow and processing.
In the agrochemical industry, it can be used in pesticide formulations to improve their spreading and adhesion on plant surfaces.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is employed in the preparation of specialty coatings for the automotive and aerospace industries to enhance the durability and appearance of painted surfaces.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can be found in the formulation of wood finishes and varnishes to provide protection and a smooth finish.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the development of surfactants for use in the petroleum industry to enhance oil recovery from reservoirs.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) plays a role in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers for use in the food and cosmetic industries.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the creation of concrete sealers for surface protection and moisture resistance.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can be added to car care products like wax and polish for paint protection and shine.
In the textile industry, octadecylamine is used in the formulation of fabric softeners to enhance the feel and performance of fabrics.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is employed in the production of drilling fluids for the oil and gas industry.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used as a dispersant for pigments and fillers in the paint and coatings industry.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is found in the formulation of release agents for the manufacturing of molded rubber and plastic products.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is utilized in the preparation of lubricant additives for enhancing the performance of automotive and industrial lubricants.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can be added to the formulation of concrete admixtures to improve the workability and durability of concrete.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals for the production of high-performance plastics and polymers.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is added to water-based paints and coatings to improve the dispersion of pigments and extenders.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) plays a role in the formulation of epoxy and polyurethane coatings to enhance surface smoothness.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is employed in the development of adhesives and sealants to improve bonding strength and durability.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can be found in the formulation of inks for flexographic and gravure printing, improving print quality and adhesion to various substrates.
In the cosmetics industry, octadecylamine is used in the production of emollients and skin care products.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) finds applications in the preparation of drilling muds and drilling fluids for the oil and gas drilling operations.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is utilized as an emulsifier in the food industry to stabilize and create uniform mixtures in products like salad dressings and mayonnaise.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is added to cleaning products and detergents to enhance their emulsifying properties, allowing for effective removal of grease and oils.

In the construction industry, it is used as an anti-foaming agent in cement admixtures and concrete production to reduce air entrainment.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) plays a role in the formulation of antistatic agents for plastics, preventing the buildup of static electricity in materials like polyethylene and polypropylene.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the synthesis of quaternary ammonium compounds, which are widely employed as disinfectants and fabric softeners.
Octadecylamine is found in the manufacturing of adhesion promoters used in printing inks and coatings to enhance adhesion to various substrates.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can be used as a surfactant in the formulation of ink-receptive coatings for specialized printing media in the graphic arts industry.
In the oil and gas sector, octadecylamine is employed as a corrosion inhibitor in gas pipelines and storage tanks.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the creation of concrete curing compounds for the construction industry to prevent premature water loss and cracking.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) serves as a leveling agent in the production of epoxy and polyurethane floor coatings to improve surface smoothness and appearance.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is found in the formulation of mold release agents for the fiberglass and composite manufacturing industry.
In the automotive industry, octadecylamine is used in the production of rubber compounds for tires and sealing materials.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is utilized in the development of wax emulsions for the protection and appearance enhancement of various surfaces, including cars and furniture.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is added to lubricating oils for machinery to enhance their anti-wear properties and extend the life of mechanical components.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is employed in the manufacturing of concrete admixtures for high-strength and self-leveling concrete mixtures.
In the petroleum industry, it is used in the formulation of surfactants for enhanced oil recovery from reservoirs.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can be found in the production of drilling muds and drilling fluids for oil and gas exploration.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used as an ingredient in the creation of specialty coatings for the aerospace industry, providing protection and aesthetic appeal.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) plays a role in the formulation of adhesives for laminating and bonding various materials, including paper, plastic, and wood.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is utilized in the development of rust and corrosion inhibitors for automotive and industrial applications.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is added to automotive polish and wax products to enhance the shine and longevity of paint and clear coat finishes.
In the agricultural sector, it can be used as a component in pesticide formulations to improve their spreading and wetting properties on plant surfaces.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is employed in the synthesis of surfactants for textile processing, aiding in dye penetration and finishing processes.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) finds applications in the production of industrial greases and lubricants, offering protection and performance enhancement for machinery.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is utilized in the creation of surfactants and emulsifiers for various consumer products, including shampoos, conditioners, and liquid soaps.



DESCRIPTION


Stearyl amine, also known as octadecylamine, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C18H37NH2.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is a long-chain primary amine, featuring an 18-carbon alkyl chain bonded to an amino group.
Stearyl amine is part of the amine family and is classified as a fatty amine due to its long hydrophobic tail.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in various industrial applications, including as an emulsifying agent, corrosion inhibitor, and surfactant.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) has a wide range of uses, including in the production of detergents, fabric softeners, pharmaceuticals, and various chemical processes.
Its properties make it valuable in many industries where surface activity and emulsifying capabilities are needed.

Stearyl amine, commonly known as octadecylamine, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C18H37NH2.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is classified as a fatty amine due to its long, 18-carbon hydrophobic tail.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) belongs to the amine family, featuring an amino group (NH2) as part of its structure.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is a primary amine, meaning that the amino group is attached to a single carbon atom.
The chemical's name, "stearyl amine," is derived from the term "stearyl," which denotes the 18-carbon alkyl chain.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is a colorless to pale yellowish liquid at room temperature, depending on its purity and storage conditions.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is slightly soluble in water, but it is highly soluble in various organic solvents, including alcohols and hydrocarbons.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is valued for its amphiphilic properties, with a polar amine group and a nonpolar hydrocarbon tail.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is commonly used as an emulsifying agent in the production of emulsions and suspensions, facilitating the mixing of typically immiscible substances.
In industrial applications, Stearyl amine is employed as a corrosion inhibitor, protecting metals from rust and deterioration.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) serves as a surfactant, meaning it reduces the surface tension of liquids, which can improve the wetting and spreading properties of solutions.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is used in the synthesis of various chemicals and is a key component in the manufacturing of detergents and fabric softeners.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is found in the formulation of personal care products such as lotions and creams, contributing to their texture and emollient properties.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Stearyl amine is essential for the synthesis of various drugs and pharmaceutical compounds.

Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is known for its low toxicity, making it safe for use in various applications.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is employed as an antistatic agent, reducing the buildup of static electricity in plastics and textiles.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) can act as a dispersing agent for pigments and dyes, aiding in the even distribution of color.

Its long hydrocarbon chain imparts lubricating properties, making it valuable in applications requiring reduced friction.
In the textile industry, it is used for dyeing and finishing processes to enhance the fabric's properties.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is also found in cleaning products, where it contributes to their emulsifying and cleaning abilities.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) improves the stability of emulsions and suspensions, making it useful in the food and beverage industry for various formulations.

The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number for Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is 124-30-1.
Its European Community (EC) number is 204-695-9.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is commonly referred to as octadecylamine due to its 18-carbon structure.
Stearyl amine (octadecylamine) is a versatile and widely used chemical with applications in numerous industries, thanks to its unique properties and versatility.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C18H37NH2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 283.5 g/mol
Chemical Structure: It is a primary aliphatic amine with a long hydrophobic tail.
Solubility: It is sparingly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents like alcohols and hydrocarbons.
State: At room temperature, it is typically a colorless to pale yellowish liquid, but it can vary in color depending on purity.
Odor: It may have a faint amine-like odor.
Melting Point: The melting point of pure Stearyl amine is around 35-38°C (95-100°F).
Boiling Point: It has a relatively high boiling point, typically in the range of 300-315°C (572-599°F).
Density: It is generally less dense than water and will float on water.
Flash Point: Stearyl amine may have a flash point when exposed to open flame or sparks.
Viscosity: It exhibits relatively low viscosity.
Surface Tension: It can lower the surface tension of liquids.
pH: The pH of a pure Stearyl amine solution is typically alkaline.
Hygroscopicity: It may absorb moisture from the atmosphere, so it is important to store it in airtight containers.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Stearyl amine is inhaled and respiratory distress occurs, promptly move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, assist the person in finding a comfortable position, and provide artificial respiration if necessary.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide information about the chemical exposure to healthcare professionals.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Stearyl amine, immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin area gently with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Using soap or a mild detergent can help in removing the substance.
Seek medical attention if skin irritation, redness, rash, or chemical burns occur.


Eye Contact:

If Stearyl amine comes into contact with the eyes, flush the eyes gently but thoroughly with flowing water for at least 15 minutes.
Lift the upper and lower eyelids occasionally to ensure adequate rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention and continue rinsing the eyes while awaiting medical help.
If the affected person is wearing contact lenses, remove them if it can be done easily.


Ingestion:

If Stearyl amine is ingested, do NOT induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide information about the ingested substance to healthcare professionals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE when handling Stearyl amine, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and a lab coat or protective clothing.
Use chemical-resistant apron or clothing to minimize skin contact.
Wear respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhaling vapors or aerosols.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations, especially in enclosed spaces.
Ensure adequate general ventilation in the work area to disperse any fumes or vapors.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize skin and eye contact.
Avoid all unnecessary exposure.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.

Handling Precautions:
Use non-sparking tools and equipment to reduce the risk of ignition.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where there is a potential for flammable vapors or dust.
Handle Stearyl amine in a well-ventilated chemical fume hood if possible.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials and substances.
Consult safety data sheets for guidance.

Spills and Leaks:
In the event of a spill, contain the material and prevent it from spreading.
Absorb spills with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect in a suitable container for disposal.
Clean up spills following established procedures and wearing appropriate protective equipment.
Dispose of contaminated materials in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.

Storage Containers:
Store Stearyl amine in containers made of materials compatible with the chemical (e.g., glass, stainless steel).
Ensure that storage containers are tightly sealed to prevent evaporation and contamination.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Stearyl amine in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed to prevent exposure to air and moisture.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.
Do not store near incompatible materials, such as strong acids or strong oxidizing agents.

Storage Temperature:
Maintain storage temperatures in the recommended range specified in the safety data sheet or manufacturer's guidelines.

Segregation:
Store Stearyl amine away from food, beverages, and animal feed.
Separate from incompatible chemicals, and use appropriate labeling and segregation to avoid cross-contamination.

Secondary Containment:
Use secondary containment measures, such as spill containment pallets, for larger quantities to prevent leaks or spills from spreading.

Safety Data Sheets (SDS):
Keep safety data sheets (SDS) readily accessible for reference by personnel in case of emergency or accidental exposure.



SYNONYMS


Octadecylamine
N-Octadecylamine
1-Octadecanamine
Arachidic amine
Octadecyl amine
Stearamine
Octadecylamine, n-
Amine C18
Armeen 18D
Armeen 18D-O
Armeen 18-D
Alamine 336
Alamine 336K
Adogen 282
Adogen 381
Alkamine 336
Stearyl amine
Stearylamine
Stearamin
Arachidylamine
Armac C
1-Stearoylamine
N-Heptadecylamine
Octadecylamine, N- (French)
Octadecylamine, n-octadecylamine
Heptadecylamine
n-Octadecylamine
1-Heptadecanamine
Heptadecyl amine
n-Heptadecylamine
N-Stearoylamine
Octadecylamine, arachidic amine
Arachidyl amine
1-N-Octadecylamine
1-Stearamine
Armeen 18D-O
Armeen 18-D-O
Armac 18
Armac C-18
Emersol 150
Emery 6715
Hydrofol 1056
Hyamine 3500
Kortamin C-18
Monomine AS
Nitrocat 38A
Octadecyl amine hydrochloride
Octadecylamine acetate
Sabunol STA
Stearamine EM
Aminex A 100
Atmer 163
Arosurf PA
Armeen 18/80
Alamine 336/25
Alamine 336/75
Armeen 18D-N
Alamine 308
Atmer 190
AL 1830
Nikkol SZ-16
Tetrastearylamine
1-Stearylamine
ADK CIZER S-17
Alamin 2
Amine Stearate
BASF Amine S
Conex
Sizain
HFOE
Emersol 7031
Amisol
HS Amine 500
Primene JMT
Tegomer S
STEARYL AMINE ETHOXYLATED 
1-Aminooctadecane; Octadecylamine; n-Stearylamine; 1-Octadecanamine; 1-Octadecylamine; Monooctadecylamine; n-Octadecylamine; cas no:124-30-1
STEARYL AMINE   
STEARYL BENZOATE, N° CAS : 10578-34-4, Nom INCI : STEARYL BENZOATE; Nom chimique : Octadecyl benzoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 234-169-9. Ses fonctions (INCI). Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
STEARYL BENZOATE
STEARYL PALMITATE, N° CAS : 2598-99-4, Nom INCI : STEARYL PALMITATE, Nom chimique : Hexadecanoic acid, octadecyl ester, Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation
STEARYL PALMITATE
STEARYL STEARATE, N° CAS : 2778-96-3, Nom INCI : STEARYL STEARATE, Nom chimique : Octadecyl stearate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 220-476-5. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI). Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
STEARYL STEARATE
Sodium triphosphate; SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE; Triphosphoric acid pentasodium salt; Sodium Phosphate Tripoly; STPP; Tripolyphosphate de sodium; Pentasodium triphosphate; Pentasodium Tripolyphosphate; Natriumtripolyphosphat; Pentanatriumtriphosphat; Trifosfato de pentasodio; Triphosphate de pentasodium; CAS NO: 7758-29-4
STEVIA
Stevia, also called Stevia rebaudiana, is a plant that is a member of the chrysanthemum family, a subgroup of the Asteraceae family (ragweed family).
There’s a big difference between the stevia you buy at the grocery store and the stevia you may grow at home.
Stevia products found on grocery store shelves, such as Truvia and Stevia in the Raw, don’t contain whole stevia leaf.
Stevia is made from a highly refined stevia leaf extract called rebaudioside A (Reb-A).

The active compounds are steviol glycosides (mainly stevioside and rebaudioside), which have 30 to 150 times the sweetness of sugar, are heat-stable, pH-stable, and not fermentable.
The human body does not metabolize the glycosides in stevia, so Stevia contains zero calories, like artificial sweeteners.
Stevia's taste has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, and at high concentrations some of Stevias extracts may have an aftertaste described as licorice-like or bitter.

Stevia is a plant-based sweetener and alternative to sugar.
Stevia’s derived from the Stevia rebaudiana plant, which comes from the chrysanthemum family and is native to Brazil and Paraguay.
The stevia products we buy on the shelves are made from a heavily refined version of the plant’s leaf.
Stevia is between 150 and 200 times sweeter than sugar!
You’ll usually find Stevia in a blend with other sweeteners in commercial products.

What are the benefits?
Stevia is a non-nutritive sweetener, which means Stevia contains next to no calories.
Stevia’s a good option for those who are looking to lose weight, especially compared to sugar, which has around 20 calories per teaspoon.
Unlike sugar, stevia won’t spike insulin levels either.

Commercial use
In the early 1970s, sweeteners such as cyclamate and saccharin were gradually decreased or removed from a variant formulation of Coca-Cola.
Consequently, use of stevia as an alternative began in Japan, with the aqueous extract of the leaves yielding purified steviosides developed as sweeteners.
The first commercial Stevia sweetener in Japan was produced by the Japanese firm Morita Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. in 1971.
The Japanese have been using stevia in food products and soft drinks, (including Coca-Cola), and for table use.
In 2006, Japan consumed more stevia than any other country, with stevia accounting for 40% of the sweetener market.

In the mid-1980s, stevia became popular in U.S. natural foods and health food industries, as a noncaloric natural sweetener for teas and weight-loss blends.
The makers of the synthetic sweetener NutraSweet (at the time Monsanto) asked the FDA to require testing of the herb.
As of 2006, China was the world's largest exporter of stevioside products.
In 2007, the Coca-Cola Company announced plans to obtain approval for its Stevia-derived sweetener, Rebiana, for use as a food additive within the United States by 2009, as well as plans to market Rebiana-sweetened products in 12 countries that allow stevia's use as a food additive.

In May 2008, Coca-Cola and Cargill announced the availability of Truvia, a consumer-brand Stevia sweetener containing erythritol and Rebiana, which the FDA permitted as a food additive in December 2008.
Coca-Cola announced intentions to release stevia-sweetened beverages in late December 2008.
From 2013 onwards, Coca-Cola Life, containing stevia as a sweetener, was launched in various countries around the world.

Shortly afterward, PepsiCo and Pure Circle announced PureVia, their brand of Stevia-based sweetener, but withheld release of beverages sweetened with rebaudioside A until receipt of FDA confirmation.
Since the FDA permitted Truvia and PureVia, both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo have introduced products that contain their new sweeteners.

Industrial extracts
Rebaudioside A has the least bitterness of all the steviol glycosides in the Stevia rebaudiana plant.
To produce rebaudioside A commercially, Stevia plants are dried and subjected to a water extraction process.
This crude extract contains about 50% rebaudioside A.
The various glycosides are separated and purified via crystallization techniques, typically using ethanol or methanol as solvent.
Stevia extracts and derivatives are produced industrially and marketed under different trade names.

In fact, many stevia products have very little stevia in them at all.
Reb-A is about 200 times sweeter than table sugar.
Sweeteners made with Reb-A are considered “novel sweeteners” because they’re blended with different sweeteners, such as erythritol (a sugar alcohol) and dextrose (glucose).
For example, Truvia is a blend of Reb-A and erythritol, and Stevia in The Raw is a blend of Reb-A and dextrose (packets) or maltodextrin (Bakers Bag).
Some stevia brands also contain natural flavors.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) doesn’t object to the term “natural flavors” if the related ingredients have no added colors, artificial flavors, or synthetics.

Still, ingredients that fall under the “natural flavor” umbrella may be highly processed.
Many argue that this means there’s nothing natural about them.

You can grow stevia plants at home and use the leaves to sweeten foods and beverages.
Reb-A sweeteners are available in liquid, powder, and granulated forms.
For purposes of this article, “stevia” refers to Reb-A products.

Are there benefits to using stevia?
Stevia is a nonnutritive sweetener.
This means it has almost no calories.
If you’re trying to lose weight, this aspect may be appealing.

However, to date, research is inconclusive.
The impact of nonnutritive sweetener on an individual’s health may depend on the amount that is consumed, as well as the time of day it’s consumed.
If you have diabetes, stevia may help keep your blood sugar levels in check.

One 2010 study of 19 healthy, lean participants and 12 obese participants found that stevia significantly lowered insulin and glucose levels.
Stevia also left study participants satisfied and full after eating, despite the lower calorie intake.
However, one noted limitation in this study is that Stevia took place in a laboratory setting, rather than in a real-life situation in a person’s natural environment.

And according to a 2009 study, stevia leaf powder may help manage cholesterol.
Study participants consumed 20 milliliters of stevia extract daily for one month.
The study found stevia lowered total cholesterol, LDL (“bad”) cholesterol, and triglycerides with no negative side effects.
Stevia also increased HDL (“good”) cholesterol.
Stevia’s unclear if occasional stevia use in lower amounts would have the same impact.

How to use stevia as a sugar substitute
Stevia may be used in place of table sugar in your favorite foods and beverages.
A pinch of stevia powder is equal to about one teaspoon of table sugar.

Tasty ways to use stevia include:
in coffee or tea
in homemade lemonade
sprinkled on hot or cold cereal
in a smoothie
sprinkled on unsweetened yogurt
Some stevia brands, such as Stevia in the Raw, can replace table sugar teaspoon for teaspoon (as in sweetened beverages and sauces), unless you’re using it in baked goods.

You can bake with stevia, although it may give cakes and cookies a licorice aftertaste.
Stevia in the Raw recommends replacing half the total amount of sugar in your recipe with their product.

Other brands aren’t made specifically for baking, so you’ll need to use less.
You should add extra liquid or a bulking ingredient such as applesauce or mashed bananas to your recipe to make up for the lost sugar.
Stevia may take some trial and error to get the texture and level of sweetness you like.

What Is Stevia?
Stevia is a sugar substitute made from the leaves of the stevia plant.
Stevia’s about 100 to 300 times sweeter than table sugar, but Stevia has no carbohydrates, calories, or artificial ingredients.

Not everyone likes the way Stevia tastes.
Some people find it bitter, but others think stevia tastes like menthol.
Try it in your morning coffee or sprinkled over your oatmeal to see if you like the taste.

Stevia Health Benefits
Stevia is natural, unlike other sugar substitutes.
Stevia’s made from a leaf related to popular garden flowers like asters and chrysanthemums.
In South America and Asia, people have been using stevia leaves to sweeten drinks like tea for many years.

Look for stevia in powder or liquid form in supermarkets and health-food stores.
You’re likely to find it on the baking goods aisle or in the health food aisle.

You may even get your sweet caffeine fix without calories or artificial sweeteners.
Major U.S. soda companies now sell diet cola soft drinks sweetened with stevia.
Some flavored waters also have stevia.
If you have diabetes, stevia could be a way to sweeten your yogurt or hot tea without adding carbohydrates.

Cooking With Stevia
You can use stevia like you would table sugar.

Sweeten a drink with Stevia or sprinkle Stevia on your cereal.
You can also cook with Stevia.
Each brand has Stevias own sugar-to-stevia ratio, so check the package before you measure out sweetener.
Stevia can cause a bitter aftertaste if you use too much.

Baking with stevia can be tricky.
Because it doesn’t have the same chemical properties as sugar, Stevia won’t give cakes, cookies, and breads the right texture.
Try experimenting with proportions or extra ingredients.
For example, adding whipped egg whites to a cake batter or extra baking powder and baking soda to a quick bread dough will help them rise.

Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) is a bushy shrub that is native to northeast Paraguay, Brazil and Argentina.
Stevia is now grown in other parts of the world, including Canada and part of Asia and Europe.
Stevia is probably best known as a source of natural sweeteners.
Some people take stevia by mouth for conditions such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heartburn, and many others, but there is no good scientific evidence to support these uses.

Extracts from the stevia leaves are available as sweeteners in many countries.
In the US, stevia leaves and extracts are not approved for use as sweeteners, but they can be used as a "dietary supplement" or in skin care products.
In December 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status to rebaudioside A, one of the chemicals in stevia, to be used as a food additive sweetener.

How does Stevia work ?
Stevia is a plant that contains natural sweeteners that are used in foods.
Researchers have also evaluated the effect of chemicals in stevia on blood pressure and blood sugar levels.
However, research results have been mixed.

Uses & Effectiveness ?
Insufficient Evidence for Diabetes.
Some early research suggests that taking 1000 mg daily of stevia leaf extract might reduce blood sugar levels after eating by a small amount in people with type 2 diabetes.
But other research shows that taking 250 mg of stevioside, a chemical found in stevia, three times daily does not decrease blood sugar after three months of treatment.
High blood pressure. How stevia might affect blood pressure is unclear.
Some research suggests that taking 750-1500 mg of stevioside, a chemical compound in stevia, daily reduces systolic blood pressure (the upper number in a blood pressure reading) by 10-14 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (the lower number) by 6-14 mmHg.
However, other research suggests that taking stevioside does not reduce blood pressure.
Heart problems.
Heartburn.
Weight loss.
Water retention.
Other conditions.

Fast facts on stevia
Stevia is primarily grown in Brazil, Paraguay, Japan, and China.
The natural sweetener tastes 200 to 300 times sweeter than table sugar.
Stevia can be classified as “zero-calorie,” because the calories per serving are so low.
Stevia has shown potential health benefits as a healthful sugar alternative for people with diabetes.
Stevia and erythritol that have been approved for use in the United States (U.S.) and do not appear to pose any health risks when used in moderation.
Stevia, also known as Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, is a bushy shrub that is part of the sunflower family. There are 150 species of stevia, all native to North and South America.

China is the current leading exporter of stevia products.
However, stevia is now produced in many countries.
The plant can often be purchased at garden centers for home growing.
As stevia is 200 to 300 times sweeter than table sugar.
Stevia typically requires about 20 percent of the land and far less water to provide the same amount of sweetness as other mainstream sweeteners.

Stevia contains eight glycosides.
These are the sweet components isolated and purified from the leaves of stevia. These glycosides include:

stevioside
rebaudiosides A, C, D, E, and F
steviolbioside
dulcoside A
Stevioside and rebaudioside A (reb A) are the most plentiful of these components.

The term “stevia” will be used to refer to steviol glycosides and reb A throughout this article.
These are extracted through a process of harvesting the leaves, then drying, water extraction, and purification.
Crude stevia, the processed product before Stevia is purified, often carries a bitter taste and foul smell until it is bleached or decolored.
Stevia takes roughly 40 steps to process the final stevia extract.

Stevia leaves contain stevioside in a range of concentrations up to around 18 percent.
Some of the common trade names for stevia sweeteners are:

Enliten
PureVia
Rebiana
Stevia
Steviacane
Stevia Extract In The Raw
SweetLeaf

Possible health benefits
As an alternative to sucrose, or table sugar, using stevia as a sweetener carries the potential for considerable health benefits.
Stevia is considered “no-calorie” on the FoodData Central (FDC).
Stevia does not strictly contain zero calories, but it is significantly less calorific than sucrose and low enough to be classified as such.

The sweet-tasting components in stevia sweeteners occur naturally.
This characteristic may benefit people who prefer naturally-sourced foods and beverages.
The low calorie count qualifies Stevia to be a healthful alternative for diabetes control or weight loss.
Here are some of the possible health benefits of stevia.

1) Diabetes
Research has shown that stevia sweeteners do not contribute calories or carbohydrates to the diet. They have also demonstrated no effect on blood glucose or insulin response.
This allows people with diabetes to eat a wider variety of foods and comply with a healthful meal plan.
Another review of five randomized controlled trials compared the effects of stevia on metabolic outcomes with the effects of placebos.
The study concluded that stevia showed minimal to no effects on blood glucose, insulin levels, blood pressure, and body weight.
In one of these studies, subjects with type 2 diabetes reported that stevia triggered significant reductions in blood glucose and glucagon response after a meal.
Glucagon is a hormone that regulates glucose levels in the blood, and the mechanism that secretes glucagon is often faulty in people with diabetes.
Glucagon drops when blood glucose climbs.
This regulates the glucose level.

2) Weight control
There are many causes of overweight and obesity, such as physical inactivity and increased intake of energy-dense foods that are high in fat and added sugars.
The intake of added sugars has been shown to contribute an average of 16 percent of the total calories in the American diet.
This has been linked to weight gain and reduced control of blood glucose levels.
Stevia contains no sugar and very few, if any, calories.
Stevia can be part of a well-balanced diet to help reduce energy intake without sacrificing taste.

3) Pancreatic cancer
Stevia contains many sterols and antioxidant compounds, including kaempferol.
Studies have found that kaempferol can reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer by 23 percent.

4) Blood pressure
Certain glycosides in stevia extract have been found to dilate blood vessels.
They can also increase sodium excretion and urine output.
A 2003 study showed that stevia could potentially help lower blood pressure.
The study suggested that the stevia plant might have cardiotonic actions.
Cardiotonic actions normalize blood pressure and regulate the heartbeat.
However, more recent studies have shown that stevia does not seem to impact blood pressure.
Further research is required to confirm this benefit of stevia.

5) Children’s diets
Foods and beverages containing stevia can play an important role in decreasing calories from unwanted sweeteners in the diets of children.
There are now thousands of products on the market containing naturally-sourced stevia, ranging from salad dressings to snack bars.
This availability allows children to consume sweet foods and drinks without the added calories while transitioning to a lower sugar diet.
Excessive sugars and calories are linked to obesity and cardiovascular disease.

6) Allergies
In 2010, the European Food Safety Committee (EFSA) reviewed existing literature to determine if there was any cause for concern regarding the potential for allergic reactions to stevia.
The reviewers concluded that “steviol glycosides are not reactive and are not metabolized to reactive compounds, therefore, it is unlikely that the steviol glycosides under evaluation should cause by themselves allergic reactions when consumed in foods.”
Even the highly purified forms of stevia extract are highly unlikely to cause an allergic reaction.
No cases of allergic reaction to stevia have been recorded since 2008.

How is stevia used?
In the U.S., stevia sweeteners are primarily foundTrusted Source in table sugar products and reduced calorie beverages as sugar substitutes.
Extracts from the stevia leaf have been available as dietary supplements in the U.S. since the mid-1990s, and many contain a mixture of both sweet and non-sweet components of the stevia leaf.
The sweet components in stevia sweeteners are naturally occurring.
This may further benefit consumers who prefer foods and beverages they perceive as natural.

Worldwide, more than 5,000 food and beverage products currently use stevia as an ingredient.
Stevia sweeteners are used as an ingredient in products throughout Asia and South America such as:
-ice cream
-desserts
-sauces
-yogurts
-pickled foods
-bread
-soft drinks
-chewing gum
-candy
-seafood
-prepared vegetables

Uses of stevia
Stevia is a useful sweetener for hot and cold drinks and can be sprinkled over foods for instant sweetness.
Stevia can be used in cooking, particularly where the primary role of stevia is to add sweetness.
Stevia does not caramelise and may not function so well as a direct substitute for sugar in recipes in which sugar is an integral part of the structure or texture.

The suitability of stevia in baking may vary depending on the ingredients of the stevia product itself.
Some stevia products have been formulated specifically for baking, however, it is advisable to check whether these will be suitable for your sugar levels as they may contain sugar.

Health benefits of stevia
Stevia is recognised as having properties which may result in the following health benefits:

Blood glucose lowering
Blood pressure lowering
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-tumour
Anti-diarrheal

Stevia, (Stevia rebaudiana), also called sweet leaf, flowering plant in the aster family (Asteraceae), grown for its sweet-tasting leaves.
The plant is native to Paraguay, where it has a long history of use by the Guaraní people.
The leaves contain a number of sweet-tasting chemicals known as steviol glycosides, which can be used fresh or dried to sweeten beverages or desserts or can be commercially processed into powdered noncaloric sweeteners.
Steviol glycosides, particularly the chemicals stevioside and rebaudioside A, can be more than 300 times sweeter than table sugar and are nonglycemic (i.e., they do not affect blood glucose levels).
Touted as a healthier alternative to sugar, stevia sweeteners grew in popularity worldwide in the early 21st century.

Stevia is a tender perennial herb that reaches 30.5–80 cm (1–2.5 feet) in height.
The oblong aromatic leaves are 2.5 cm (1 inch) long with a prominent midrib and are arranged oppositely along the stems.
The small tubular flowers have five white petals and are borne in terminal clusters; the flowers are usually removed to improve the flavour of the leaves.
Germination from seed is difficult, and most plants are grown from cuttings.
The plant requires rich well-drained soil and thrives in warm humid climates.

Stevia leaves have been used for more than 1,500 years by the Guaraní people.
Traditionally, the plant was used to sweeten yerba maté and other teas, and it had a number of applications in folk medicine.
The first scientific record of the plant dates to 1899, when Swiss botanist Mosè Giacomo Bertoni (known in Spanish as Moisés Santiago Bertoni) announced his discovery of the sweet-tasting plant and named it Eupatorium rebaudianum.
In the early 1970s Japanese scientists developed the first commercial stevia-derived sweetener, which quickly gained popularity in that country.
After an initial ban because of carcinogen concerns, specific glycoside extracts were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2008.
The European Union approved stevia sweeteners in 2011.

Stevia is perhaps unique among food ingredients because it's most valued for what it doesn't do.
Stevia doesn't add calories.
Unlike other sugar substitutes, stevia is derived from a plant.
There is some question as to its effectiveness as a weight loss aid or as a helpful diet measure for diabetics.

The stevia plant is part of the Asteraceae family, related to the daisy and ragweed.
Several stevia species called candyleaf are native to New Mexico, Arizona and Texas.
But the prized species, Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni), grows in Paraguay and Brazil, where people have used leaves from the stevia bush to sweeten food for hundreds of years.

Moises Santiago Bertoni, an Italian botanist, is often credited with the discovery of stevia in the late 1800s, even though the native Guarani people had used it for centuries.
Known as kaa-he (or sweet herb) by the native population, the leaves of the plant had many uses.
In traditional medicine in these regions, stevia served as a treatment for burns, colic, stomach problems and sometimes as a contraceptive.
The leaves were also chewed on their own as a sweet treat.

Stevia took Bertoni over a decade to find the actual plant, leading him to initially describe the plant as very rare.
About the same time, more farms started growing and harvesting the stevia plant.
Stevia quickly went from growing in the wild in certain areas to being a widely available herb.

The legal status of stevia as a food additive or dietary supplement varies from country to country.
In the United States, high-purity stevia glycoside extracts have been generally recognized as safe (GRAS) since 2008, and are allowed in food products, but stevia leaf and crude extracts do not have GRAS or Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for use in food.
The European Union approved Stevia additives in 2011, while in Japan, stevia has been widely used as a sweetener for decades.

The plant Stevia rebaudiana has been used for more than 1,500 years by the Guaraní peoples of South America, who called it ka'a he'ê ("sweet herb").
The leaves have been used traditionally for hundreds of years in both Brazil and Paraguay to sweeten local teas and medicines, and as a "sweet treat".
The genus was named for the Spanish botanist and physician Petrus Jacobus Stevus.

In 1899, Swiss botanist Moisés Santiago Bertoni, while conducting research in eastern Paraguay, first described the plant and the sweet taste in detail.
Only limited research was conducted on the topic until, in 1931, two French chemists isolated the glycosides that give stevia its sweet taste.

The stevia plant has been used for more than 1,500 years by people living in South America, including the Guaraní people of Brazil and Paraguay, who refer to it as ka’a he’ê, meaning “sweet herb.”
These native South Americans love using this non-caloric sugar substitute in their yerba mate tea, as medicine and as a sweet treat. In these countries, it also has been used specifically as a traditional medicine for burns, stomach problems, colic and even as a form of contraception.
Stevia can help you cut down on your sugar consumption, but are there are stevia side effects that may make it bad for you?
Several articles and other sources online claim that there may be some negative stevia side effects. This can be confusing, especially because it’s often touted as one of the healthiest natural sweeteners around.
So is stevia bad for you? Fortunately, side effects are not typically common, especially if you choose the right product.
In this article, we’ll lay out for you both the good and the bad about how stevia side effects may affect your health, as well as the distinctions between the many types of this natural sweetener.

What Is Stevia?
Stevia is an herbal plant that belongs to the Asteraceae family, which means Stevia’s closely related to ragweed, chrysanthemums and marigolds.
Although there are over 200 species, Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is the most prized variety and the cultivar used for production of most edible products.

Stevia can naturally add sweetness to recipes even without contributing calories.
Stevia leaf extract is about 200 times sweeter than sugar, depending on the specific compound discussed, which means that you only need a tiny bit at a time to sweeten your morning tea or next batch of healthy baked goods.

In 1931, chemists M. Bridel and R. Lavielle isolated the two steviol glycosides that make the leaves of the plant sweet: stevioside and rebaudioside (with five variations: A, C, D, E and F).
Stevioside is sweet but also has a bitter aftertaste that many complain about when using it, while isolated rebaudioside is sweet without the bitterness.

Many raw/crude stevia or minimally processed stevia products contain both types of compounds, whereas more highly processed forms only contain the rebaudiosides, which is the sweetest part of the leaf.
Rebiana, or high-purity rebaudioside A, is “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and may be used as an artificial sweetener in foods and beverages.
Research shows that using the whole leaf or purified rebaudioside A boasts some great health perks, but the same may not hold true for altered blends that actually contain very little of the plant itself.

Types
When Stevia comes to the options available today, Stevia’s important to know that not all stevia sweeteners are created equal.
In fact, there has been concern in recent years about counterfeit stevia or products laced with unwanted ingredients, which is one likely reason the FDA has been slow to approve all stevia leaf extracts and other products as GRAS.

Here is how some of these forms compare:
Crude stevia/green leaf stevia is the least processed of the types.
The leaves are dried and ground into powder form, producing a final product that is only about 10–15 times sweeter than sugar.
This unprocessed version more than likely contains a combination of steviosides and rebaudiosides.
Purified stevia extracts are also available.
In the U.S., this type of sweetener is composed of rebaudioside A in either a pure extract or our third type (altered blends).
Per FDA standards set forth in 2008, these extracts must contain over 95% or more pure rebaudioside A glycosides and may not contain other forms of rebaudiosides or steviosides in order to be legally marketed as food.
While purified stevia extracts are more processed than green leaf varieties, their health perks seem to be on par with the unprocessed counterpart.
Finally, the least healthy option is altered stevia blends.
By the time a product like this is placed on a shelf, very little of the stevia plant still remains, and many purified stevia extracts and altered blends are reported to be 200–400 times sweeter than sucrose.
Some companies use processes to create these blends that include chemical solvents, including acetonitrile, which is toxic to the central nervous system, and a corn-based derivative called erythritol.
The small amount remaining contains rebaudioside A only in the U.S.

Organic vs. Non-Organic
Organic Stevia

Made from organically grown stevia
Non-GMO
No glycemic impact
Naturally gluten-free
Unfortunately, even some organic versions contain fillers.
Some aren’t truly pure stevia, so you should always read labels if you’re looking for a 100 percent stevia product.

Non-Organic Stevia
Does not have to be made from organically grown stevia, meaning Stevia may be produced with pesticides or other chemicals
Non-GMO (there are currently no genetically modified cultivars of stevia in the world)
No glycemic impact
Naturally gluten-free
With non-organic brands, it’s very important to look for additional ingredients, like erythritol or inulin.
Although stevia itself is always non-GMO, many non-organic products are combined with erythritol or other non-nutritive sweeteners, many of which are made from GMO ingredients like corn.

Benefits
Is stevia really healthy? According to a 2020 review, “In addition to its hypoglycemic property, the stevia plant also exhibits antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, hypotensive, antiseptic, diuretic, anti-fertility and cardiotonic properties.”
Below are some of the main advantages associated with stevia use:

1. May Have Anticancer Abilities
In 2012, Nutrition and Cancer highlighted a groundbreaking laboratory study that, for the first time ever, showed that stevia extract could help kill off breast cancer cells.
Stevia was observed that stevioside enhances cancer apoptosis (cell death) and decreases certain stress pathways in the body that contribute to cancer growth.
Another in vitro study out of China also found that steviol, which is a component found naturally in the leaves of the plant, was effective at blocking the growth and spread of gastrointestinal cancer cells, suggesting that it could possess powerful cancer-fighting properties.

2. Sweet News for Diabetics
Due to the fact that they can be supportive of metabolic health, many experts now recommend zero-calorie sweeteners such as stevia for those with obesity, prediabetes and diabetes.
A 2018 review published in the Journal of Nutrition concluded that using stevia instead of white sugar can be very beneficial to those with diabetes who need to follow a low-glycemic, diabetic diet plan.
A separate article published in Journal of Dietary Supplements evaluated how stevia may impact rats with diabetes.
In the study, administering the sweetener to rats was found to significantly reduce blood glucose levels and increase insulin sensitivity, both of which can help defend against diabetes progression.
Another 2019 study in humans found that consuming stevia before a meal improved diabetic markers, such as by reducing blood glucose and insulin levels after eating.
Additionally, although participants consumed fewer calories, they reported similar levels of satiety, and they didn’t compensate by consuming more calories later in the day.

3. Supports Weight Loss
Added sugar consumption contributes a large percentage of the total calories each day in the average American diet — and high intake has been linked to weight gain, obesity and other adverse effects on metabolic health.
For this reason, stevia is one of the most popular keto sweeteners and is also often used by those following other low-carb diets like the Paleo diet to add sweetness to recipes without contributing too many carbs.
A 2019 randomized control trial also found that “stevia lowers appetite sensation and does not further increase food intake and postprandial glucose levels.
Stevia could be a useful strategy in obesity and diabetes prevention and management.”

4. Helps Improve Cholesterol Levels
Some studies have found that stevia leaf extract could improve cholesterol levels and help keep your heart healthy and strong.
For example, a 2018 animal model found that administering stevia leaf extract to rats for eight weeks helped reduce levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and bad LDL cholesterol, while also enhancing levels of “good” HDL cholesterol.
Similarly, a 2009 study showed that the extract had “positive and encouraging effects” on overall cholesterol profiles and effectively improved HDL cholesterol, decreased triglycerides and lowered levels of LDL cholesterol.

5. Can Lower High Blood Pressure
Certain glycosides in stevia extract have been found to dilate blood vessels and increase sodium excretion, both of which can help support healthy blood pressure levels.
One study in Clinical Therapeutics showed that consuming capsules with 500 milligrams of stevioside three times daily for two years led to significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels.
Keep in mind, however, that research on the potential effects of on hypertension has turned up mixed results, and some short-term studies have found no impact.

6. Unlikely to Cause Side Effects
While other natural sweeteners and substitutes often can cause digestive issues, a 2019 article published in Nutrients found that stevia is generally tolerated well and may even have beneficial effects on microbiota in the gut, elimination and glucose metabolism.

7. May Kill Lyme Disease
A 2015 study published in the European Journal of Microbiology & Immunology examined the effects of four forms of stevia: three liquid forms extracted from alcohol and a powdered form.
Researchers found that while the powdered form didn’t show much, the liquid forms worked better than Lyme disease drugs and appeared to kill off the bacteria that causes lyme after seven days.

Stevia is an intensely sweet-tasting, zero-calorie plant extract that’s gained interest as a replacement for sugar.
Stevia’s spiked in popularity in recent years, thanks to its reputation as being a more “natural” sweetener compared with common lab-made artificial sweeteners (it comes from a leaf extract).
Stevia is now an ingredient in 14,500 foods and beverages worldwide, according to the PureCircle Stevia Institute.
You’ll find the sweetener widely available under many brand names in the store for use at home, including Stevia in the Raw, PureVia, SweetLeaf, Pyure, Wholesome!, and Splenda Naturals, which now makes its own version of Stevia.

What Is Stevia Exactly, and How Is the Sweetener Made?
Stevia, or Stevia rebaudiana, is a plant native to South America.
People there have been consuming the leaves as a source of sweetness for hundreds of years, according to an article published in May 2015 in the journal Nutrition Today.
Stevia became popular as a sweetener in Japan in the 1970s, but Stevia hadn’t been a leading sweetener in the United States until a decade ago.
Today, the extract is widely popular as a zero-calorie sugar alternative.
Most notably, stevia is very potent; Stevia’s 200 to 350 times sweeter than sugar.

Because stevia is added to thousands of products, reading the ingredient label will tell you if stevia is included.
Still, Stevia does go by many names, which can sometimes make pinpointing its presence tricky.
Here are the ones to look for, according to PureCircle:

As the world wakes up to healthier options and new alternatives to traditional ingredients, more of us than ever are reaching for sweeteners over sugar as a dietary addition.
Sweeteners have fallen in and out of favour with the public over the years, as attitudes and appetites have moved toward natural ingredients over artificial ones.
This has seen the rise in the popularity of Stevia and other natural sweeteners to give a dose of sweetness which isn’t full of the calories that sugar is.
Stevia may be several times sweeter than sugar, but there’s more goodness to Stevia than you’d guess.

Stevia may be natural, but is Stevia safe?
And why would you bother changing up sugar for sweetener when you (hopefully) aren’t consuming too much of it anyway?
So, let’s investigate this sweet stuff and find out the ins and outs of Stevia once and for all!
Stevia, or Stevia Rebaudiana, as Stevia’s technically known, is a plant not dissimilar to a chrysanthemum.
The plant contains steviol glycosides, which are compounds with a taste 30-100x sweeter than sugar (impressive, right?!).
Steviol glycosides don’t metabolise in the body, so unlike sugar, contain no calories.
Stevia, as a plant, has been grown for over 1,500 years in South America.
The leaves have been used as sweeteners for hundreds of years in both Brazil and Uruguay.

Early regulation
During the 1990s, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received two petitions requesting that stevia be classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS), but the FDA "disagreed with [the] conclusions [detailed in the petitions]".
Stevia remained banned for all uses until the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, after which the FDA revised its stance and permitted stevia to be used as a dietary supplement, although still not as a food additive.
In 1999, prompted by early studies, the European Commission banned stevia's use in food products within the European Union pending further research.
In 2006, research data compiled in the safety evaluation released by the World Health Organization found no adverse effects.

In December 2008, the FDA gave a "no objection" approval for GRAS status to Truvia[b] and PureVia,[c] both of which use rebaudioside A derived from the Stevia plant.
However, the FDA said that these products are not stevia, but a highly purified Stevia-extract product.
In 2015, the FDA still regarded stevia as "not an approved food additive", and stated that it "has not been affirmed as GRAS in the United States due to inadequate toxicological information".
In June 2016, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection issued an order of detention for stevia products made in China based on information that the products were made using prison labor.
As of 2017, high-purity Stevia glycosides are considered safe and allowable as ingredients in food products sold in the United States.

Stevia
High-purity stevia
Stevia extract
Stevia leaf extract
Steviol glycosides
Steviol glycosides (E960)
Rebiana
Rebaudioside A (Reb A)
Stevioside
STİREN/AKRİLAT KOPOLIMER
Süt veya losyon gürünümü veren opaklaştırıcı. Şampuan, sıvı sabun, duş jeli (%0.1-1)
STPP
Sodium triphosphate; Triphosphoric acid pentasodium salt; Sodium Phosphate Tripoly; STPP; Tripolyphosphate de sodium; Pentasodium triphosphate; Pentasodium Tripolyphosphate; Natriumtripolyphosphat; Pentanatriumtriphosphat (German); Trifosfato de pentasodio (Spanish); Triphosphate de pentasodium (French) cas no:7758-29-4
STPP (SODIUM TRI POLY PHOSPHATE)
STRONTIUM CHLORIDE, N° CAS : 10476-85-4 - Chlorure de strontium (hexahydraté), Nom INCI : STRONTIUM CHLORIDE, Nom chimique : Strontium chloride, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-971-6 Classification : Règlementé. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection), Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état. Agent apaisant : Aide à alléger l'inconfort de la peau ou du cuir chevelu
STRONTIUM CARBONATE
Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder.
Strontium Carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral strontianite.
Strontium carbonate, whose chemical formula is SrCO3, is a white or grayish chemical.


CAS Number: 1633-05-2
EC Number: 216-643-7
MDL Number: MFCD00011250
Chemical formula: SrCO3 or CO3Sr


Strontium carbonate is not self-inflammable as nanometer-sized powder.
Also as a mixture with air (dust) under the influence of an ignition source, it is not inflammable, so there is no possibility of a dust explosion.
Strontium Carbonate is a water insoluble.


Strontium source that can easily be converted to other Strontium Carbonate is white and tasteless powder, insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ammonia water, ammonium carbonate and CO2 saturated aqueous solution, and insoluble in alcohol.
Strontium compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination).


Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids.
Strontium Carbonate, SrCO3 is a white/grey carbonate salt powder that is, like most carbonates, fairly nonreactive and soluble in acid but not in water.
Strontium Carbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes.


Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.
Strontium Carbonate is naturally found as the mineral strontianite.


Strontium Carbonate is white powder or particle, odorless and tasteless.
Strontium Carbonate emits a red flame when burned.
Strontium Carbonate only has one stable form therefore the temperature of precipitation does not effect the crystal form.


Strontium Carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral strontianite.
Strontium Carbonate is a white, odorless, tasteless powder.
Strontium Carbonate CAS 1633-05-2 has a chemical formula of SrCO3 and a molar mass of 147.63.


Strontium Carbonate is a very slightly soluble source of SrO used in ceramic glazes.
Strontium Carbonate is a water insoluble Strontium source that can easily be converted to other Strontium compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination).


American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.


The solubility is increased significantly if the water is saturated with carbon dioxide, to 0.1 g per 100 ml.
Strontium Carbonate is a weak base, an odorless and tasteless white powder.
Strontium Carbonate is white, odorless, tasteless powder.


Being a carbonate, it is a weak base and therefore is reactive with acids.
It is otherwise Strontium Carbonate is stable and safe to work with. Strontium Carbonate is practically insoluble in water (1 part in 100,000).
The solubility of Strontium Carbonate is increased significantly if the water is saturated with CO2, to 1 part in 1,000.


Strontium Carbonate (SrCO3) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder.
Strontium Carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral strontianite.
Strontium Carbonate can be found as the mineral stontainite.


Strontium Carbonate is colorless orthorhombic crystal, or white fine powder.
Strontium Carbonate is insoluble in water, slightly soluble in ammonia, ammonium carbonate, insoluble in alcohol, soluble in ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate.


Strontium Carbonate is a slightly soluble source of SrO used in glazes.
Viscous zirconium silicate glazes can be smoothed with the addition of Strontium Carbonate.
Strontium is considered a safe material.


Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder.
Strontium Carbonate is a water insoluble Strontium source that can easily be converted to other Strontium compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination).


Strontium Carbonate is a white, odorless, tasteless powder.
Being a carbonate, Strontium Carbonate is a weak base and therefore is reactive with acids.
Strontium Carbonate is the strontium salt with a chemical formula SrCO3.


Some people confuse SrO with Strontium 90, an isotope released from atomic reactions; they are not the same thing.
Strontium Carbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Strontium Carbonate (SrCO3) is the carbonate salt of strontium that has the appearance of a white or grey powder.


Strontium Carbonate's chemical makeup is: C 8.14% O 32.51% Sr 59.35%.
Strontium Carbonate is soluble in dilute acids.
Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids.


Strontium Carbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Strontium Carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral strontianite.
Strontium Carbonate appears as whitish powder.


Strontium Carbonate exists in the form of naturally occurring strontianite mineral deposits; but only a few discovered deposits are suitable for growth.
Strontium Carbonate is otherwise stable and safe to work with.
Strontium Carbonate is practically insoluble in water (0.0001 g per 100 ml).


Strontium is considered a safe material.
Some people confuse SrO with Strontium 90, an isotope released from atomic reactions; they are not the same thing.
The raw powder is low-dusting and pleasant to work with.


Strontium Carbonate produces gases as it decomposes and these can cause pinholes or blisters in glazes.
Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids.
There is disagreement about when it decomposes (data sheets vary from 1075-1100C, one even indicates 1340C) as follows:
SrCO3 -> SrO + CO2



USES and APPLICATIONS of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
The most common use of Strontium Carbonate is as an inexpensive colorant in fireworks.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.
The most common use is as an inexpensive colorant in fireworks.


Strontium and its salts emit a brilliant red color in flame.
Strontium Carbonate is used in the manufacture of strontium compounds, pyrotechnics, red glass, medicine, magnetic materials and other industries.
Strontium and its salts emit a brilliant red color in flame.


Strontium Carbonate's ability to neutralize acid is also very helpful in pyrotechnics.
Another similar application of Strontium Carbonate is in road flares.
Strontium Carbonate is used as a carrier for palladium, it can be used for hydrogenation.


In addition, Strontium Carbonate is also used in the production of fireworks, fluorescent glass, signal flares, papermaking, medicine, analytical reagents, as well as sugar refining, metal zinc electrolyte refining, strontium salt pigment manufacturing, etc.
Strontium Carbonate is the basic raw material for the production of strontium salt.


Glass made from Strontium Carbonate has a strong ability to absorb x-rays, and is mostly used in the production of cathode ray tubes for color TVs.
Unlike other strontium salts, the carbonate salt is generally preferred because of its cost and the fact that it is not hygroscopic.
Strontium Carbonate's ability to neutralize acid is also very helpful in pyrotechnics.


Another similar application is in road flares.
Strontium Carbonate is used in the manufacture of color TV cathode ray tubes, electromagnets, strontium ferrite, pyrotechnics, fluorescent glass, signal bombs, etc.


Strontium Carbonate is also mthe raw material for the production of other strontium salts
Strontium Carbonate is used in the preparation of iridescent glass, luminous paints, strontium oxide or strontium salts and in refining sugar.
Strontium Carbonate is also used in the manufacturing of strontium ferrites for permanent magnets which are used in loud speakers and door magnets.


Strontium carbonate is used for electronic applications.
Strontium Carbonate has some properties similar to barium carbonate.
Strontium Carbonate is also used in the manufacturing of strontium ferrites for permanent magnets which are used in loudspeakers and door magnets.


Strontium Carbonate is used for manufacturing color television receivers to absorb electrons resulting from the cathode.
Strontium Carbonate (SrCO3) was formerly used in large quantities in the manufacturing of CRT TVs (CRT = cathode-ray tubes) as Strontium Carbonate together with other compounds absorbs and reduces significantly (to almost zero) the X-rays generated from the television tubes.


Strontium Carbonate is used in the preparation of iridescent glass, luminous paint, strontium oxide, and strontium salts and in refining sugar and certain drugs.
Strontium Carbonate is widely used in the ceramics industry as an ingredient in glazes.


Other dopants can also be used such as gallium, or yttrium to get a yellow/orange glow instead.
Because of its status as a weak Lewis base, Strontium Carbonate can be used to produce many different strontium compounds by simple use of the corresponding acid.


Strontium Carbonate is also used for electromagnet, strontium ferrite, can be made into small motor, magnetic separator and speaker.
Strontium Carbonate acts as a flux and also modifies the color of certain metallic oxides.
Strontium Carbonate has some properties similar to barium carbonate.


Strontium Carbonate is often recommended as a substitute for barium to produce matte glazes.
Strontium Carbonate is used about 75% as much and test first to make sure color response is the same.
Strontium Carbonate is used for electronic applications.


Strontium Carbonate is used for manufacturing CTV to absorb electrons resulting from the cathode.
Strontium Carbonate is also used in the manufacturing of strontium ferrites for permanent magnets which are used in loudspeakers and door magnets.
Strontium carbonate is also used for making some superconductors such as BSCCO and also for electroluminescent materials where it is first calcined into SrO and then mixed with sulfur to make SrS:x where x is typically europium.


This is the "blue/green" phosphor which is sensitive to frequency and changes from lime green to blue.
Strontium Carbonate is used in pyrotechnics, manufacturing of iridescent glass and refining sugar.
Strontium Carbonate is used in pyrotechnics, signals, ceramic ferrites, phosphors, iridescent glass, glass for color television tubes, oxide coatings, and fluxes for producing high-grade steels.


Manufacture of fluorescent glass, strontium salt removal of lead, dehydrogenation agent, purification of sugar. High-purity Strontium Carbonate is used as a thick-film circuit material, and a piezoelectric crystal transduction formula is used to make rainbow glass.
Strontium Carbonate is mainly used in the manufacture of color TV cathode ray tubes, electromagnets, strontium ferrites, fireworks, fluorescent glass, signal flares, etc.


In addition, Strontium Carbonate is also used in papermaking and pharmaceutical industries.
Other dopants can also be used such as gallium, or yttrium to get a yellow/orange glow instead.
Because of its status as a weak Lewis base, strontium carbonate can be used to produce many different strontium compounds by simple use of the corresponding acid.


Strontium Carbonate is also used in refining sugar and as a lead scavenger in zinc production.
Strontium Carbonate is used in the electrical/electronic engineering industry.
Nowadays, modern flat-panel devices have almost completely replaced these tubes.


Currently, Strontium Carbonates are being used in pyrotechnics as colour-producing components – strontium produces a crimson red flame.
Strontium Carbonate is mainly used in the manufacture of color TV cathode ray tubes, electromagnets, strontium ferrites, fireworks, fluorescent glass, signal flares, etc.


Strontium Carbonate is used in the preparation of electronic components, fireworks materials, rainbow glass, other strontium salts, etc.
In addition, Strontium Carbonate is also used in papermaking and pharmaceutical industries
Strontium carbonate is the most commonly used red flame colourant as it is insoluble and relatively unreactive.


The strontium ion is not the radioactive isotope and so the material is perfectly safe from a radioactive perspective.
Strontium Carbonate can be prepared either by means of using celestite (celestine), or by chemical means using strontium salts.
Strontium Carbonate is also used for making some superconductors such as BSCCO and also for electroluminescent materials where it is first calcined into SrO and then mixed with sulfur to make SrS:x where x is typically europium.


Strontium Carbonate is used as a catalyst, in radiation-resistant glass, in ceramic ferrites, and in pyrotechnics.
Strontium Carbonate is used as a colorant in fireworks.
Strontium Carbonate is also used in ceramics industry.


Strontium Carbonate is used for electronic applications.
Strontium Carbonate is supplied as a high purity material whose uses include the manufacture of LED phosphors.
Strontium Carbonate is used for manufacturing CTV to absorb electrons resulting from the cathode


Unlike other strontium salts, the carbonate salt is generally preferred because of Strontium Carbonate's cost and the fact that it is not hygroscopic.
Strontium Carbonate is used in the production of piezoelectric ceramics and superconductor materials
Strontium carbonate, among other things, is used for manufacturing ferrite magnets that serve to extract strontium ferrite.


Strontium Carbonate is used as the base powder for the production of special PTC thermistor components (switch start, degaussing, current limiting protection, constant temperature heating, etc.)
Its main application is the production of glass for cathode ray tubes, better known as (color) television tubes.

Since strontium carbonate has a relatively large atomic radius, it absorbs the X-radiation that occurs in the tubes.
Through addition of SrCO3 and other compounds, the X-radiation disappears almost completely.
It is due to today’s LCD and plasma screens, however, that the production of cathode ray tubes is more and more decreasing.


Strontium Carbonate is used for several purposes in ceramics, glass, electronics, and fireworks (pyrotechnics).
Strontium Carbonate is useful in the creation of other strontium compounds, which can be easily made by dissolving the Strontium Carbonate in the corresponding acid.


Strontium Carbonate is used in the preparation of iridescent glass, luminous paint, strontium oxide, and strontium salts and in refining sugar and certain drugs.
Strontium Carbonate is mainly used for smelting non-ferrous metals, and producing magnetic materials, ceramics, glass fiber, electronic ceramics, phosphor, strontium, etc.


Strontium carbonate is also used in glazing.
Pyrotechnics rely on the chromophoric salts of strontium to give flames their crimson color
In medicine, strontium was formerly used sometimes to treat schizophrenia.


Today, the substance is used as homeopathic “strontium carbonicum” to treat e.g., arthrosis and cerebral sclerosis.
Strontium Carbonate is used as a colorant in fireworks.
Strontium Carbonate is also used in ceramics industry.


Strontium Carbonate is also called Carbonic Acid, used in pyrotechnics, glass manufacture, sugar refining, as a catalyst and in ceramic ferrites.
Strontium Carbonate is used for electronic applications.
Strontium Carbonate is used for manufacturing color television receivers to absorb electrons resulting from the cathode.


In addition, Strontium Carbonate is also used in the production of fireworks, fluorescent glass, signal flare, papermaking, medicine, analytical reagent, as well as the refining of sugar, zinc metal electrolyte refining, strontium salt pigment manufacturing.
Strontium carbonate is used for electronic applications.


Strontium Carbonate is used for manufacturing CTV to absorb electrons resulting from the cathode.
Strontium Carbonate is widely used in the ceramics industry as an ingredient in glazes.
Strontium Carbonate acts as a flux and also modifies the color of certain metallic oxides.


Strontium Carbonate is used in the preparation of iridescent glass, luminous paints, strontium oxide or strontium salts and in refining sugar.
Strontium Carbonate is used as a carrier of palladium, it can be used for hydrogenation.
Strontium Carbonate is also used in the manufacturing of strontium ferrites for permanent magnets which are used in loud speakers and door magnets.


Because of its status as a weak Lewis base, strontium carbonate can be used to produce many different strontium compounds by simple use of the corresponding acid.
However strontium is not a substitute for barium as a precipitator of soluble salts in clay bodies because it combines with SO4-- ions in the water to form a compound that is not nearly as insoluble as BaSO4.


In general, Strontium Carbonate is found in our country with its reserves, especially in tv tubes.
Strontium Carbonate is used as a benefit.
Basic powder for the production of nanomaterials, electronic components, pyrotechnic materials, rainbow glass, preparation of other strontium salts, and PTC thermistor components (switch activation, degaussing, current limiting protection, constant temperature heating, etc.)


Strontium Carbonate is mainly used for smelting non-ferrous metals, and producing magnetic materials, ceramics, glass fiber, electronic ceramics, phosphor, fireworks, strontium, etc.
Strontium carbonate (SrCO3) was formerly used in large quantities in the manufacturing of CRT TVs (CRT = cathode-ray tubes) as strontium carbonate together with other compounds absorbs and reduces significantly (to almost zero) the X-rays generated from the television tubes.


Strontium Carbonate is also used in electromagnets, strontium ferrite, can be made into small motors, magnetic separators and speakers.
Nowadays, modern flat-panel devices have almost completely replaced these tubes.
Currently, strontium carbonates are being used in pyrotechnics as colour-producing components – strontium produces a crimson red flame.


The Latin term “Strontium carbonicum” refers to the homeopathic application of this material which is used to treat osteoarthritis and cerebral sclerosis.
Strontium Carbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.


Strontium Carbonate is often recommended as a substitute for barium to produce matte glazes.
Strontium carbonate is often recommended as a substitute for barium to produce matte glazes.
Use about 75% as much and test first to make sure color response is the same.


The Latin term “Strontium carbonicum” refers to the homeopathic application of this material which is used to treat osteoarthritis and cerebral sclerosis.
However, strontium is not a substitute for barium as a precipitator of soluble salts in clay bodies because it combines with SO4-- ions in the water to form a compound that is not nearly as insoluble as BaSO4.


Because of its status as a weak Lewis base, Strontium Carbonate can be used to produce many different strontium compounds by simple use of the corresponding acid.
Viscous zirconium silicate glazes can be smoothed with the addition of strontium carbonate.


Strontium Carbonate is the basic raw material for producing strontium salt.
The glass made of Strontium Carbonate has strong x – ray absorption ability.
Use about 75% as much and test first to make sure color response is the same.


As noted, strontium carbonate produces gases as it decomposes and these can cause pinholes or blisters in glazes (if they are being generated into a glaze melt having a viscosity and surface tension that is unable to pass them or heal over properly as they escape or one that simply does not have time because of quick cooling).


-Iron:
Ferrite is used as a seperator in iron ores.
-Television:
Strontium Carbonate is widely used in the production of glass of tv tubes.


-Firework:
Strontium Carbonate can be used in this sector since it can create a red color with flame.
-Machine:
Strontium Carbonate is used as lubricant in the shaft bearings of machines used in many sectors.


-Ceramics:
Strontium Carbonate can be used to create matte glazes and acts as a flux.
Strontium Carbonate reacts and alters the colors of other metal oxides in glazes.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
» Strontium Carbonate appears as a white crystalline solid.
» Strontium Carbonate is odorless and tasteless.



PREPARATION of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
Other than the natural occurrence as a mineral, Strontium Carbonate is prepared synthetically in one of two manners.
First of which is from naturally occurring celestine also known as strontium sulfate (SrSO4) or by using soluble strontium salts by the reaction in solution with a soluble carbonate salt (usually sodium or ammonium carbonates).

For example if sodium carbonate was used in solution with Strontium nitrate.
Sr(NO3)2 (aq) + Na2CO3 (aq) → SrCO3 (s) + 2 NaNO3 (aq)
The most common use is as an inexpensive colorant in fireworks.

Strontium and its salts emit a brilliant red color in flame.
Unlike other strontium salts, the carbonate salt is generally preferred because of its cost and the fact that it is not hygroscopic.
Strontium Carbonate's ability to neutralize acid is also very helpful in pyrotechnics.
Another similar application is in road flares.

Other than the natural occurrence as a mineral, Strontium Carbonate is prepared synthetically in one of two processes, both of which start with naturally occurring celestine, a mineral form of strontium sulfate (SrSO4).
In the "black ash" process, celesite is roasted with coke at 1100–1300 °C to form strontium sulfide.

The sulfate is reduced, leaving the sulfide:
SrSO4 + 2 C → SrS + 2 CO2
A mixture of strontium sulfide with either carbon dioxide gas or sodium carbonate then leads to formation of a precipitate of Strontium Carbonate.
SrS + H2O + CO2 → SrCO3 + H2S
SrS + Na2CO3 → SrCO3 + Na2S

In the "direct conversion" or double-decomposition method, a mixture of celesite and sodium carbonate is treated with steam to form Strontium Carbonate with substantial amounts of undissolved other solids.
This material is mixed with hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the Strontium Carbonate to form a solution of strontium chloride.
Carbon dioxide or sodium carbonate is then used to re-precipitate Strontium Carbonate, as in the black-ash process.



PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
Strontium carbonate, whose chemical formula is SrCO3, is a fine, white powder whose properties are similar to those of calcium carbonate (lime).
SrCO3 is very little soluble in water; Strontium Carbonate dissolves in acids, for example in hydrochloric acid, developing carbon dioxide as follows: SrCO3 + 2 HCl -> SrCl2 + H2O + CO2.
Strontium is in the group of the alkaline earth metals (2. main group).
Strontium Carbonate is non-toxic just like calcium, which is in the same group.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
Strontium carbonate is a white, odorless, tasteless powder.
Being a carbonate, Strontium Carbonate is a weak base and therefore is reactive with acids.
Strontium Carbonate is otherwise stable and safe to work with.
Strontium Carbonate is practically insoluble in water (0.0001 g per 100 ml).
The solubility of Strontium Carbonate is increased significantly if the water is saturated with carbon dioxide, to 0.1 g per 100 ml.



PREPARATION OF STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
Other than the natural occurrence as a mineral, strontium carbonate is prepared synthetically in one of two processes, both of which start with naturally occurring celestine, a mineral form of strontium sulfate (SrSO4).
In the "black ash" process, celesite is roasted with coke at 1100–1300 °C to form strontium sulfide.

The sulfate is reduced, leaving the sulfide:
SrSO4 + 2 C → SrS + 2 CO2
A mixture of strontium sulfide with either carbon dioxide gas or sodium carbonate then leads to formation of a precipitate of strontium carbonate.

SrS + H2O + CO2 → SrCO3 + H2S
SrS + Na2CO3 → SrCO3 + Na2S

In the "direct conversion" or double-decomposition method, a mixture of celesite and sodium carbonate is treated with steam to form strontium carbonate with substantial amounts of undissolved other solids.
This material is mixed with hydrochloric acid, which dissolves the strontium carbonate to form a solution of strontium chloride. Carbon dioxide or sodium carbonate is then used to re-precipitate strontium carbonate, as in the black-ash process.



MICROBIAL PRECIPITATION of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
The cyanobacteria Calothrix, Synechococcus and Gloeocapsa can precipitate strontian calcite in groundwater.
The strontium exists as strontianite in solid solution within the host calcite with the strontium content of up to one percent.
-Related compounds
*Other cations
Beryllium carbonate
Magnesium carbonate
Calcium carbonate
Barium carbonate
Radium carbonate



OCCURRENCE OF STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
Strontium carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral strontianite which is one of the main sources for the exploitation of strontium.
Strontianite is extracted both in open cast and underground mining.
Strontium is named after the mineral strontianite which, in turn, is named after the location of Strontian, Scotland, where the first strontium mineral was discovered.
Strontium Carbonate – (SrC03) a flux in high-temperature glazes, and is a source of strontium oxide.



PRODUCTION AND REACTIONS OF STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
Strontium metal is produced under vacuum in electric arc furnaces as a result of metalothermic reduction of strontium oxide with metallic aluminum.
In the reduction process, finely ground celestite and carbon are reduced to water-soluble sulfur in rotary kilns (1100-1200 ° C).

Strontium Carbonate is dissolved in hot water and insoluble substances are filtered off.
Strontium Carbonate is converted to strontium carbonate with sodium carbonate or carbon dioxide.
The strontium carbonate separated from the main water is washed and dried.

SrSO4 + 2C ---> SrS + 2CO2
SrS + CO2 + H2O ---> SrCO3 + H2S

SrS + Na2CO3 ---> SrCO3 + Na2S
Strontium Carbonate can be obtained according to double decay method.

SrSO4 + Na2CO3 ---> SrCO3 + Na2SO4

SrSO4 + (NH4) 2CO3 ---> SrCO3 + (NH4) 2SO4
Because of the recovery of NH3 and CO2, this method is preferred because of the different products.



MICROBIAL PRECIPITATION OF STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
The cyanobacteria Calothrix, Synechococcus and Gloeocapsa can precipitate strontian calcite in groundwater.
The strontium exists as strontianite in solid solution within the host calcite with the strontium content of up to one percent.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
Chemical formula: SrCO3
Molar mass: 147.63 g/mol
Appearance: White powder
Odor: Odorless
Density: 3.5 g/cm3
Melting point: 1,494 °C (2,721 °F; 1,767 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 0.0011 g/100 mL (18 °C) 0.065 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp): 5.6×10−10
Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in ammonium chloride
Slightly soluble in ammonia
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −47.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.518
Compound Formula: CO3Sr
Molecular Weight: 147.63
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 1100-1494 °C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 3.70-3.74 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 0.0011 g/100 mL (18 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.518
Crystal Phase / Structure: Rhombic
Exact Mass: 147.890358
Monoisotopic Mass: 147.890366 Da

CAS number: 1633-05-2
EC number: 216-643-7
Hill Formula: CO₃Sr
Chemical formula: SrCO₃
Molar Mass: 147.63 g/mol
HS Code: 2836 92 00
Density: 3.74 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 1497 °C
pH value: 7 - 8 (0.01 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 750 kg/m3
Solubility: 0.01 g/l
Colour: White
Odour: Odourless
Humidity: max. 0.10%
Tap density: 0.90 – 1.30 kg/l
Formula: SrCO3

Chemical formula: SrCO3
Molar mass: 147.63 g/mol
Appearance: White powder
Odor: Odorless
Density: 3.5 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: 1,494 °C (2,721 °F; 1,767 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 0.0011 g/100 mL (18 °C)
Solubility product (Ksp): 5.6×10−10[2]
Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in ammonium chloride
Slightly soluble in ammonia
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −47.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.518
Density: 3.74 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 1497 °C
pH value: 7 - 8 (0.01 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 750 kg/m3
Solubility: 0.01 g/l

Molecular Weight: 147.63
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 147.89035611
Monoisotopic Mass: 147.89035611
Topological Polar Surface Area: 63.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Molecular Weight: 147.63
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: 1100-1494 °C (decomposes)
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 3.70-3.74 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 0.0011 g/100 mL (18 °C)
Refractive Index: 1.518
Crystal Phase / Structure: Rhombic
Exact Mass: 147.890358
Monoisotopic Mass: 147.890366 Da
Physical state: powder
Color: light gray
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point: 102 Decomposes before melting.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,0034 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 3,7 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: white powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 333.60 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000026 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 338.00 °F. TCC ( 169.80 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -0.809 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.



HANDLING and STORAGE of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of STRONTIUM CARBONATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
STRONTIUM CARBONATE
1633-05-2
Strontianite
Carbonic acid, strontium salt (1:1)
strontium;carbonate
Strontium carbonate (SrCO3)
CCRIS 3203
CI 77837
HSDB 5845
EINECS 216-643-7
UNII-41YPU4MMCA
Carbonic acid strontium salt (1:1)
41YPU4MMCA
NSC 112224
C.I. 77837
DTXSID3029651
MFCD00011250
EC 216-643-7
CO3Sr
NSC-112224
SrCO3
STRONTIUM CARBONAS
CH2O3.Sr
Strontium Carbonate Powder
STRONTIUM CARBONICUM
SCHEMBL48480
Strontium Carbonate Submicron
C-H2-O3.Sr
Strontium carbonate, >=98%
DTXCID009651
CHEMBL3188467
STRONTIUM CARBONATE [MI]
STRONTIUM CARBONATE [HSDB]
STRONTIUM CARBONICUM [HPUS]
STRONTIUM CARBONAS [WHO-DD]
Strontium carbonate, technical grade
Tox21_202776
Strontium carbonate, p.a., 97.0%
AKOS015836320
NCGC00260323-01
Formic-14C acid(6CI,7CI,8CI,9CI)
Strontium carbonate, puriss., >=97.0%
CAS-1633-05-2
LS-147085
FT-0688133
Q413629
Strontium carbonate (low alkali and heavy metals)
Strontium carbonate, >=99.9% trace metals basis
Strontium carbonate, 99.995% trace metals basis
J-010031
Strontium carbonate
NIST(R) SRM(R) 987
isotopic standard
carbonic acid
strontium salt (1:1), strontium
STRONTIUM CARBONATE
1633-05-2
Strontianite
Carbonic acid, strontium salt (1:1)
strontium;carbonate
Strontium carbonate (SrCO3)
CI 77837
41YPU4MMCA
Carbonic acid strontium salt (1:1)
MFCD00011250
C.I. 77837
Strontium Carbonate Nanoparticles
Strontium, Reference Standard Solution
CCRIS 3203
HSDB 5845
NSC-112224
EINECS 216-643-7
UNII-41YPU4MMCA
NSC 112224
SrCO3
STRONTIUM CARBONAS
DSSTox_CID_9651
Strontium Carbonate Powder
STRONTIUM CARBONICUM
EC 216-643-7
DSSTox_RID_78795
DSSTox_GSID_29651
SCHEMBL48480
Strontium Carbonate Submicron
Strontium carbonate, >=98%
CHEMBL3188467
DTXSID3029651
Strontium carbonate, technical grade
Tox21_202776
Strontium carbonate, p.a., 97.0%
AKOS015836320
NCGC00260323-01
Formic-14C acid(6CI,7CI,8CI,9CI)
Strontium carbonate, puriss., >=97.0%
CAS-1633-05-2
FT-0688133
Q413629
Strontium carbonate (low alkali and heavy metals)
Strontium carbonate, >=99.9% trace metals basis
Strontium carbonate, 99.995% trace metals basis
J-010031
Strontium carbonate, NIST(R) SRM(R) 987, isotopic standard
Strontium carbonate (SrCO)
Strontium monocarbonate 3
Strontium(II) carbonate
strontianite
strontiumcarbonate(srco3)
strontiumcarbonate,granular
Strontium carbonate,electronic grade
Strontium carbonate,high purity
Strontium carbonate,nanometre
Strontium carbonate/ 96+%
Strontium carbonate/ 99+%


STRONTIUM CHLORIDE
Strontium chloride is a salt of strontium and chloride.
Strontium chloride is a 'typical' salt, forming neutral aqueous solutions.
As with all compounds of Strontium chloride, this salt emits a bright red colour in flame, and is commonly used in fireworks to that effect.

CAS: 10476-85-4
MF: Cl2Sr
MW: 158.53
EINECS: 233-971-6

Strontium chloride's properties are intermediate between those for barium chloride, which is more toxic, and calcium chloride.
Strontium chloride is the inorganic salt consisting of strontium and chloride.
In organic synthesis, Strontium chloride can be used as the resource for the manufacturing of other kinds of strontium compound.
Compared with the sulfide, it has the advantage of not reacting with oxygen and carbon dioxide, which facilitates industrial handling.
Strontium chloride hexahydrate is used in toothpastes for sensitive teeth.
Strontium chloride can also be used to reduce the tooth sensitivity through covering the microscopic tubules in the dentin with nerve endings which has been exposed to gum recession.
Strontium chloride can be further used as a red coloring agent in pyrotechnics.

Recent study has also shown that a novel topical formulation containing strontium chloride can effectively reduce the intensity and duration of cowhage-induced itch.
In biological research, Strontium chloride has been successfully used to induce activation of mouse oocytes in nuclear transfer and other experiments, which is important in understanding the mechanisms of fertilization and early embryonic development.
Strontium chloride is not classified as a dangerous material in transport regulations.
strontium chloride: A white compound, SrCl2.
The anhydrous salt (cubic; r.d. 3.05; m.p. 872°C; b.p. 1250°C) can be prepared by passing chlorine over heated strontium.

Strontium chloride is deliquescent and readily forms the hexahydrate, SrCl2·6H2O (r.d. 2.67).
This can be made by neutralizing hydrochloric acid with strontium carbonate, oxide, or hydroxide.
Strontium chloride is used for military flares.
Strontium chloride hexahydrate (SrCl2·6H2O) is a hydrated alkaline earth metal chloride.
On γ-irradiation at 77°K, it affords a radical having e.s.r. parameters resembling with HO2.
Strontium chloride's chlorine electric field gradient (EFG) and chemical shift (CS) tensors have been evaluated by employing solid-state 35/37Cl NMR spectroscopy.

Strontium chloride Chemical Properties
Melting point: 874 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1250 °C/1 atm (lit.)
Density: 3 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: 1.650
Fp: 1250°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: soluble
Form: powder
Color: White
Specific Gravity: 3.052
Water Solubility: It is soluble in water, slightly soluble in ethanol, acetone.
Insoluble in ammonia.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8840
Stability: hygroscopic
CAS DataBase Reference: 10476-85-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Strontium dichloride(10476-85-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Strontium chloride (SrCl2) (10476-85-4)

Strontium chloride, SrCl2 is a salt of strontium and chlorine.
Strontium chloride is ionic and water-soluble.
Strontium chloride is less toxic than barium chloride BaCl2, though more toxic than calcium chloride CaCl2.
Strontium chloride emits a bright red color when heated in a flame.
Strontium chloride can be prepared from strontium hydroxide or strontium carbonate reacting with hydrochloric acid.
Strontium chloride can also be prepared by the union of the elements, strontium and chlorine.

Physical properties
Strontium chloride has the formula SrCl2 and the molecular weight of 247.43 g/cm3.
Strontium chloride is a typical salt, forming neutral aqueous solutions.
Strontium chloride can be prepared by treating strontium hydroxide or strontium carbonate with hydrochloric acid:

Sr(OH)2+ 2HCl→SrCl2+ 2H2O
SrCO3+ 2HCl→SrCl2+ CO2+H2O

Crystallization from a cold aqueous solution gives the hexahydrate, SrCl2·6H2O.
Dehydration of this salt occurs in stages, commencing above 61°C and ending at 320°C, where full dehydration occurs.
The dihydrate, SrCl2·2H2O, is a metastable form before the anhydrate begins to form at 200°C.
The hydrates formed in solution have one, two or six waters of crystallization.
SrCl2·6H2O is a hexagonal system consisting of colorless long-needle crystals.
Strontium chloride loses four crystal waters of hydration at 61.4°C to form plate crystals of SrCl2·2H2O which become the monohydrate at 100°C and anhydrate at 200°C.
Another common hydrate, SrCl2·2H2O, is composed of white, crystalline needles which have a sharp, bitter taste.

Strontium chloride can be prepared by fusing SrCO3 with CaCl2 at high temperature and then extracting the melt with water.
The solution is then concentrated and then crystallized to form SrCl2·6H2O, which is then dehydrated at 68°C to form the dihydrate.
Anhydrous strontium chloride is a colorless crystal or a white powder with a molecular weight of 158.53 g/mol and a density of 3.05 g/cm3.
Strontium chloride's melting point is 875°C and its boiling point is 1250°C.
Strontium chloride is easily soluble in water but slightly soluble in anhydrous alcohol and acetone.
Strontium chloride is not soluble in liquid ammonia.

Structure
In the solid state, Strontium chloride adopts a fluorite structure.
In the vapour phase the SrCl2 molecule is non-linear with a Cl-Sr-Cl angle of approximately 130°.
This is an exception to VSEPR theory which would predict a linear structure.
Ab initio calculations have been cited to propose that contributions from d orbitals in the shell below the valence shell are responsible.
Another proposal is that polarisation of the electron core of the strontium atom causes a distortion of the core electron density that interacts with the Sr-Cl bonds.

Uses
Strontium chloride is a precursor to other compounds of strontium, such as yellow strontium chromate, strontium carbonate, and strontium sulfate.
Exposure of aqueous solutions of strontium chloride to the sodium salt of the desired anion often leads to formation of the solid precipitate:

SrCl2 + Na2CrO4 → SrCrO4 + 2 NaCl
SrCl2 + Na2CO3 → SrCO3 + 2 NaCl
SrCl2 + Na2SO4 → SrSO4 + 2 NaCl
Strontium chloride is often used as a red colouring agent in pyrotechnics.
Strontium chloride imparts a much more intense red colour to the flames than most alternatives.
Strontium chloride is employed in small quantities in glass-making and metallurgy.
The radioactive isotope strontium-89, used for the treatment of bone cancer, is usually administered in the form of strontium chloride.
Seawater aquaria require small amounts of strontium chloride, which is consumed during the growth of certain plankton.

Strontium chloride is the precursor to other compounds of strontium, such as yellow SrCrO4, which is used as a corrosion inhibitor for aluminum.
Strontium chloride is the compound usually used as a red coloring agent in fireworks.
Strontium chloride imparts a much more intense red color to the flames than other alternatives.
Strontium chloride is employed in small quantities in glass making and metallurgy.
The radioactive isotope, strontium-89, used for the treatment of bone cancer.
Strontium chloride is usually administered in the form of strontium chloride.

Seawater aquaria require small amounts of strontium chloride, which is consumed in the production of the exoskeletons of certain planktons.
Strontium chloride is useful in reducing tooth sensitivity by forming a barrier over microscopic tubules in the dentin-containing nerve endings that have become exposed by gum recession.
Strontium chloride are white needles made by fusing calcium chloride with sodium carbonate.
Strontium chloride is soluble in water and alcohol. Strontium chloride was a popular halide for making collodion-chloride printing-out emulsions.

Dental care
Strontium chloride is useful in reducing tooth sensitivity by forming a barrier over microscopic tubules in the dentin containing nerve endings that have become exposed by gum recession.
Known in the U.S. as Elecol and Sensodyne, these products are called "strontium chloride toothpastes", although most now use saltpeter (KNO3) instead which works as an analgesic rather than a barrier.

Biological research
Brief strontium chloride exposure induces parthenogenetic activation of oocytes which is used in developmental biological research.

Ammonium storage
A commercial company is using a strontium chloride-based artificial solid called AdAmmine as a means to store ammonium at low pressure, mainly for use in NOx emission reduction on Diesel vehicles.
They claim that their patented material can also be made from some other salts, but they have chosen strontium chloride for mass production.
Earlier company research also considered using the stored ammonium as a means to store synthetic Ammonium fuel under the trademark HydrAmmine and the press name "hydrogen tablet", however, this aspect has not been commercialized.
Their processes and materials are patented.
Their early experiments used magnesium chloride, and is also mentioned in that article.

Soil testing
Strontium chloride is used with citric acid in soil testing as an universal extractant of plant nutrients.

Preparation
Strontium chloride can be prepared by treating aqueous strontium hydroxide or strontium carbonate with hydrochloric acid:

Sr(OH)2 + 2 HCl → SrCl2 + 2 H2O
Crystallization from cold aqueous solution gives the hexahydrate, SrCl2·6H2O.
Dehydration of this salt occurs in stages, commencing above 61 °C (142 °F).
Full dehydration occurs at 320 °C (608 °F).

Preparation
Strontium chloride is obtained by dissolving strontium carbonate in concentrated hydrochloric acid.
The hexahydrate, SrCl2 · 6H2O, is formed on crystallizing below 61℃.
On dehydration, the hexahydrate dissolves in its water of crystallization at 61℃.
After passing through the di- and monohydrate stages, strontium chloride becomes fully dehydrated at 320℃.

Synonyms
STRONTIUM ATOMIC SPECTROSCOPY STD. CONC. 1.00 G SR, AMPOULE
Strontium chloride 0.1 M Solution
Strontiumchloride,anhydrous,min.95%
strontium atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g sr
strontium chloride solution
strontium chloride, ultra dry
STRONTIUMDICHLORIDE
STRONTIUM CHLORIDE, ANHYDROUS: 99.995%
Strontium chloride
STRONTIUMDICHLORIDE
Strontium solution 1000 ppm
Strontium solution 10 000 ppm
STRONTIUM CHLORIDE
Strontium Chloride Anhydrous; Strontium Dichloride CAS NO: 10476-85-4
Strontium Chloride Anhydrous
Strontium dihydroxide; Strontium Hydroxide-8-Hydrate Pure; CAS NO:18480-07-4
Strontium Hydroxide
cas no 100-42-5 Vinyl benzene; Stryrene; Cinnamenol; Cinnamol; Cinnamene; Cinnamenol; Ethenylbenzene; Phenethylene; Vinylbenzene; Vinylbenzol; Phenylethene; Stirolo (Italian); Styreen (Dutch); Styren (Czech); Styrol (German); Styrolene; Styron; Styropol; Styropor; Vinylbenzen (Dutch);
STYRENE
Benzene,diethenyl-,Copolymerwithethenylbenzene;POLYSTYRENE 33'000;POLYSTYRENE RESIN;POLYSTYRENE: DIVINYLBENZENE COPOLYMER BEADS;POLYSTYRENE CROSSLINKED WITH DIVINYLBENZENE;POLY(STYRENE-DIVINYLBENZENE);POLY(STYRENE-CO-DIVINYLBENZENE) CAS NO: 9003-70-7
Styrene Acrylates Copolymer
2- propenoic acid, butyl ester, polymer with ethenylbenzene styrene-methacrylic acid copolymer CAS Number 9010-92-8
Styrene/Acrylamide copolymers
2-propenoic acid, butyl ester, polymer with ethenylbenzene CAS NO: 9010-92-8
Styrene/Acrylate copolymers
cas no 110-15-6 Butanedionic acid; Amber acid; Butanedioic acid; Dihydrofumaric acid; asuccin; 1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid; wormwood; wormwood acid; katasuccin; Asuccin; Bernsteinsaure (German); Kyselina Jantarova (Czech);
SUCCINIC ACID
SUCCINIC ACID (succinic acid) Therapeutic Uses of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) (100 mM) significantly inhibited systemic anaphylaxis induced by compound 48/80 /a potent mast cell degranulator/ in mice and dose-dependently inhibited local anaphylaxis activated by anti-dinitrophenyl IgE. Further 10 and 100 mM significantly inhibited histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80 or anti-dinitrophenyl IgE. In addition Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) (0.1 and 1 mM) had a significant inhibitory effect on anti-dinitrophenyl IgE-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion from rat peritoneal mast cells. The level of cyclic AMP in rat peritoneal mast cells, when Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) (100 mM) was added, transiently and significantly increased about 4 times compared with that of basal cells. These results suggest a possible use of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in managing mast cell-dependent anaphylaxis. Mechanism of Action of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) Succinate is an essential component of the Krebs or citric acid cycle and serves an electron donor in the production of fumaric acid and FADH2. It also has been shown to be a good "natural" antibiotic because of its relative acidic or caustic nature (high concentrations can even cause burns). Succinate supplements have been shown to help reduce the effects of hangovers by activating the degradation of acetaldehyde - a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism - into CO2 and H2O through aerobic metabolism. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has been shown to stimulate neural system recovery and bolster the immune system. Claims have also been made that it boosts awareness, concentration and reflexes. Metabolite Description Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), also known as butanedionic acid or succinate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a drug which is used for nutritional supplementation, also for treating dietary shortage or imbalance. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has been found throughout most human tissues, and has also been detected in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, breast milk, sweat, and blood. Within the cell, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is primarily located in the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome and cytoplasm. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) participates in a number of enzymatic reactions. In particular, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) can be biosynthesized from Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) semialdehyde; which is mediated by the enzyme succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial. Furthermore, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) can be converted into fumaric acid; which is catalyzed by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase. Finally, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) can be biosynthesized from acetoacetic acid and succinyl-CoA through the action of the enzyme succinyl-coa:3-ketoacid coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial. In humans, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is involved in the oncogenic action OF 2-hydroxyglutarate pathway, the citric Acid cycle pathway, the phytanic Acid peroxisomal oxidation pathway, and the ketone body metabolism pathway. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is also involved in several metabolic disorders, some of which include the hyperornithinemia with gyrate atrophy (hoga) pathway, the isovaleric aciduria pathway, the 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type III pathway, and the hyperprolinemia type II pathway. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is an odorless and sour tasting compound that can be found in a number of food items such as onion-family vegetables, dock, common walnut, and tarragon. This makes Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a potentially toxic compound. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has been found to be associated with several diseases known as lung cancer, lipoyltransferase 1 deficiency, canavan disease, and alzheimer's disease; Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorders including d-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria. Uses of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) range from scientific applications such as radiation dosimetry and standard buffer solutions to applications in agriculture, food, medicine, plastics, cosmetics, textiles, plating, and waste-gas scrubbing. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is used as starting material in the manufacture of alkyd resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Reaction with glycols gives polyesters; esters formed by reaction with monoalcohols are important plasticizers and lubricants. Hydrogenation of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, or fumaric acid produces good yields of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd). 1,4-Butanediol can be oxidized to Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in several ways: (1) with O2 in an aqueous solution of an alkaline-earth hydroxide at 90-110 °C in the presence of Pd-C; (2) by ozonolysis in aqueous acetic acid; or (3) by reaction with N2O4 at low temperature. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) can ... be obtained by phase-transfer-catalyzed reaction of 2-haloacetates, electrolytic dimerization of bromoacetic acid or ester, oxidation of 3-cyanopropanal, and fermentation of n-alkanes. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is derived from fermentation of ammonium tartrate. Analytic Laboratory Methods of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) Method: AOAC Method 970.31; Procedure: gas chromatographic method; Analyte: Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd); Matrix: eggs; Detection Level: not provided. Method: AOAC 948.14; Procedure: ether extraction method; Analyte: Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd); Matrix: eggs; Detection Level: not provided. Incineration: Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) should be combined with paper or other flammable material. An alternate procedure is to dissolve it in a flammable solvent and spray the solutions into the fire chamber. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) used as a general purpose food additive in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient. /LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is slight skin irritant and a strong eye irritant in rats. Application of 750 ug of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) as a 15% solution produced severe damage in rabbit eyes. The clinical signs of acute toxicity in rats are weakness and diarrhea. Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ Administration of 500 mg/100 g/day for 20 days to rats 60 days post-operative after induction of bladder stone formation. Stone formation in 36% of animals treated with Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), 60% in controls. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd)'s production and use in the manufacture of lacquers, dyes, esters for perfumes, in photography, and in foods as a sequestrant, buffer and neutralizing agent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a constituent of almost all plant and animal tissues as it is a normal intermediary metabolite, being a component of the Kreb's Cycle. If released into the atmosphere, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is expected to exist in both the particulate and vapor phases in the ambient atmosphere based on an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.91X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C. Vapor-phase Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 6 days. Particulate-phase Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) will be physically removed from the atmosphere by wet and dry deposition. If released to soil, an estimated Koc of 11 indicates that Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Volatilization from dry and wet soil surfaces is not expected to occur based on this compound's extrapolated vapor pressure and an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.6X10-13 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C, respectively. Biodegradation of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in both soil and water is expected to be an important fate process based on a theoretical BOD of 78% measured using the MITI test. If released into water, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediments in the water column based on its estimated Koc. The potential for bioconcentration of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in aquatic organisms is low based on an estimated BCF of 3. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be important based on pKas of 4.16 and 5.6 (anions do not volatilize) and the estimated Henry's Law constant of the free acid.Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd). (SRC) Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has been observed in distillate from amber and occurs in fossils, fungi, lichens etc(1). It is a constituent of almost all plant and animal tissues and has also been found in meteorites(2). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a normal intermediary metabolite and a constituent of the citric acid cycle /Kreb's Cycle/. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd)'s production and use in the manufacture of lacquers, dyes, esters for perfumes, in photography(1) and in foods as a sequestrant, buffer and neutralizing agent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Environmental Fate of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 11(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.59(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.6X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.91X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8.32X10+4 mg/L(5). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 1.91X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). The anion form, which is the dominant form in the environment (pKa 4.16 and 5.6), will also not volatilize(SRC). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has been observed to biodegrade in soil at rates ranging from 52 to 89% in 7 days to 71 to 95% in 84 days at an initial concn of 1000 ppm(6), suggesting biodegration may be an important environmental fate process in soil. AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 11(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -0.59(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 3.6X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 1.91X10-7 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 8.32X1+4 mg/L(5). One of the pKa values of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is 4.21(6), indicating that this compound will exist in the dissociated form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to suspended solids and sediment than their neutral counterparts(7), and will not volatilize. According to a classification scheme(8), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(9), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), present at 100 mg/L, reached 78% of its theoretical BOD in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(10), suggesting biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water. ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), which has a vapor pressure of 1.91X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 6 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Environmental Biodegradation of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) AEROBIC: Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has been observed to biodegrade in soil at rates ranging from 52 to 89% in 7 days to 71 to 95% in 84 days at an initial concn of 1000 ppm(1). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) reached 35% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days using a sewage inoculum(2). In a Warburg test using a sewage seed, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) reached 67.5% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days(3). In a Warburg test using an activated sludge inoculum, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) (concentration of 500 ppm) reached 11.2%, 27.2%, and 42.4% of its theoretical BOD in 6, 12, and 24 hours, respectively(4). In a Warburg test using an activated sludge inoculum acclimated to phenol, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), present at a concn of 500 ppm, reached 57% of its theoretical BOD after 12 hours(5). In screening tests, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), present at a concn of 5 ppm, reached 73.9% and 73.6% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days in water and seawater, respectively(6). In screening tests, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), present at a concn of 2 and 5 ppm, reached 72.8% and 73.2% of its theoretical BOD in 5 days, respectively in seawater and water, respectively(6). Succinate was observed to degrade in a soil study, based on carbon dioxide evolution, using Pahokee muck at rates ranging from 1.18 to 1.97 14CO2 evolution (14C%/cu cm soil min) in Oct for fallow soil and soil planted with grass, respectively; 0.56 to 0.82 14CO2 evolution (14C%/cu cm soil min) in Jan for fallow soil and soil planted with grass, respectively(7). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), present at 100 mg/L, reached 78% of its theoretical BOD in 14 days using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test(8). ANAEROBIC: Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was identified as being amenable to anaerobic biodegradation(1). After a lag period of 10 days, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was metabolized at a rate of 110 mg/l day by anaerobic bacteria acclimated to acetate culture(2). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(2). The rate constant for the reaction of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) with hydroxyl radicals in aqueous solution has been measured as 3.1X10+8 L/mol sec(3). An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) (SRC), using a log Kow of -0.59(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). The Koc of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is estimated as 11(SRC), using a log Kow of -0.59(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is expected to have very high mobility in soil. One of the pKa values of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is 4.21(4), indicating that this compound will exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). The Henry's Law constant for Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is estimated as 3.6X10-13 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 1.91X10-7 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 8.32X10+4 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces(3). The anion form, which is the dominant form in the environment (pKa 4.16 and 5.6(4)), will also not volatilize(SRC). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1). RAIN/SNOW: Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was identified in rainwater from Niwot Ridge, CO at an unspecified concn(1). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was detected in rain and snow samples collected from Southern California at concns ranging from 0.034 to 3.8 uM(2). Rain and snow samples collected from Ithaca, NY and Hubbard Brook, NH between June 1976 and May 1977 contained Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) at concns ranging from 0.1 umol/94 cm precipitation to 0.1 umol/75 cm precipitation(3). Wet precipitation samples (snow, sleet, rain) collected from Tokyo in 1992 contained Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) at concns ranging from 1.28 ug/l to 95.5 ug/l(4). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was identified in treated water at an unspecified concn from an unspecified location(5). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has been identified as a component of pulp mill effluent(1). URBAN/SUBURBAN: Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was detected in Los Angeles air samples, collected in June and Oct 1984, at concns ranging from 0.66 to 2.37 nmol/cu m in West Los Angeles and 1.84 to 2.13 nmol/cu m in downtown Los Angeles(1). Dust samples from downtown Los Angeles and a UCLA campus building contained Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) at concns of 268 and 406 nmol/cu m, respectively(1). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was detected in aerosol samples from urban Tokyo at an average concn of 37 ng/cu m between 1988-89(2). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was detected in airborne aerosols from Schenectady, NY collected during Oct 1991 at concns ranging from 55 to 167 ng/cu m(3). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was detected in atmospheric aerosols collected from Tsukuba, Japan(4). The average ambient annual concn of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in fine particles collected from West Los Angeles, downtown Los Angeles, Pasadena, Rubidoux, and San Nicolas Island, CA in 1982 was 55.0, 66.5, 51.2, 84.1, and <0.02 ng/cu m, respectively(5). The average concn of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in airborne aerosols collected from Takasaki and Karuizawa, Japan in July 1986 was 25.0 and 21.0 ng/cu m, respectively(6). The average daytime concn of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in air samples collected from Takasaki and Karuizawa, Japan in July 1986 was 47.1 and 36.4 ng/cu m, respectively(7). The ambient concn of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in West Los Angeles in Oct. 1982 was 14.1 ng/cu m(8). Aerosol samples collected from Tokyo in Feb and July 1992 contained Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) at concns ranging from 139 to 279 ng/cu m(9). Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was identified as a flavoring constituent of gari, 0.04% and farine, 0.002%(1). Aerosol emission rates of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) from frying hamburger meat was 2.3 mg/kg of meat cooked; emission rates from charbroiling hamburger was 7.6 mg/kg of meat cooked for extra-lean hamburger (approx. 10.0% fat) and 12.0 mg/kg of meat cooked for regular hamburger (approx. 21% fat)(2). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 31,198 workers (16,182 of these are female) are potentially exposed to Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is produced or used(SRC). Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) via inhalation of ambient air, ingestion of food and drinking water, and dermal contact with consumer products containing Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd)(SRC). FDA Food Additive Status of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) - GRAS/FS - Acidified Skim Milk - 131.144; MISC, GRAS, GMP - 184.1091; In animal feeds - 582.1091 Metabolism/Metabolites Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a normal intermediary metabolite and a constituent of the citric acid cycle. It is readily metabolized when administered to animals, but may be partly excreted unchanged in the urine if large doses are fed. Absorption, Distribution and Excretion Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) occurs normally in human urine (1.9-8.8 mg/L). Butanedioic acid (Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd)) is a known environmental transformation product of Sulcotrione. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a known environmental transformation product of Linuron. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) (/səkˈsɪnɪk/) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.[5] The name Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) derives from Latin succinum, meaning amber. In living organisms, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state.[6] Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is marketed as food additive E363. Succinate is generated in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA). Succinate can exit the mitochondrial matrix and function in the cytoplasm as well as the extracellular space, changing gene expression patterns, modulating epigenetic landscape or demonstrating hormone-like signaling.[6] As such, succinate links cellular metabolism, especially ATP formation, to the regulation of cellular function. Dysregulation of succinate synthesis, and therefore ATP synthesis, happens in some genetic mitochondrial diseases, such as Leigh syndrome, and Melas syndrome, and degradation can lead to pathological conditions, such as malignant transformation, inflammation and tissue injury. Other names of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) 1,4-Butanedioic acid Physical properties of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a white, odorless solid with a highly acidic taste.[5] In an aqueous solution, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) readily ionizes to form its conjugate base, succinate (/ˈsʌksɪneɪt/). As a diprotic acid, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) undergoes two successive deprotonation reactions: (CH2)2(CO2H)2 → (CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− + H+ (CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− → (CH2)2(CO2)22− + H+ The pKa of these processes are 4.3 and 5.6, respectively. Both anions are colorless and can be isolated as the salts, e.g., Na(CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2) and Na2(CH2)2(CO2)2. In living organisms, primarily succinate, not Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), is found. Commercial production of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) Historically, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was obtained from amber by distillation and has thus been known as spirit of amber. Common industrial routes include hydrogenation of maleic acid, oxidation of 1,4-butanediol, and carbonylation of ethylene glycol. Succinate is also produced from butane via maleic anhydride.[10] Global production is estimated at 16,000 to 30,000 tons a year, with an annual growth rate of 10%.[11] Genetically engineered Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are proposed for the commercial production via fermentation of glucose. Chemical reactions of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) can be dehydrogenated to fumaric acid or be converted to diesters, such as diethylsuccinate (CH2CO2CH2CH3)2. This diethyl ester is a substrate in the Stobbe condensation. Dehydration of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) gives succinic anhydride.[14] Succinate can be used to derive 1,4-butanediol, maleic anhydride, succinimide, 2-pyrrolidinone and tetrahydrofuran. Normalization of metabolism, the drug increases the rate of decomposition of many toxic substances, has antioxidant and antihypoxic effect, protects cells from harmful degradation products. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in humans is one of the tools to improve metabolism that leads to the following beneficial effects: Stimulation of liver and kidneys, effective resistance to toxins; Improve the heart's energy supply and, as a result, provide the best blood to the tissues; increase immunity; additional oxygen and nutrients to the brain. Modern researchers conclude that Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a good tool for cancer prevention. Due to its effect on intracellular energy structures, mitochondria, the drug reduces the growth of the formation of cancer cells. In addition, many scientists think that this substance has repaired damaged cells and thus becomes younger. Older people take medication for 20 days, improves health, normalizes blood pressure and heart, relieves insomnia. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd), in pure form, is a white powder with a lemon flavor and well soluble in water. It is produced in tablet form and is part of many drugs in combination with other organic acids or enzymes. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) salts are referred to as succinate. The use of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in medicine is quite wide. Here are the indications for taking the pure substance in pill. Combination therapy for external and internal poisoning of various causes. Comprehensive treatment of infectious diseases. Reduce the negative impact of drugs on the liver and kidneys with long-term drug use (antibiotics and others). With these goals, 1 tablet 3 times a day is prescribed to receive after a meal. The drug is used in other cases. Increased exercise. Alcohol intoxication of the body. Heart failure. Allergy. Stimulation of the brain. Stress causes fatigue or lethargy. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in Sports Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) for athletes has been shown as a means of improving immunity, dealing with significant physical coercion. In addition, providing the necessary energy and oxygen positively affects the operation of the heart. Since Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is a natural stimulant of metabolic processes, it is produced in the body and does not accumulate in organs and tissues and has no side effects from its use. The acceptance program for athletes is as follows: 500 mg once a day after meals; After improving the condition, reduce the dose to 100-250 mg per day, can be divided into 2-3 doses. Often, athletes determine an individual dose by focusing on welfare. If you are using an increased amount of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) (1500-3000 mg), the time to take the drug should not exceed 10 days. Increased doses can be taken in courses: three days to drink, then two days break and so on. Cosmetic amber acid The regenerative and rejuvenating properties of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) are used in cosmetics. It is widely used in peeling, mask and massage applications. Use pure substance in powder form. Masks with Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) for the face have a rejuvenating effect, cleanses the skin and never causes allergies. This medicine is also included in the composition of various creams and cosmetic milk. In hair, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) masks or shampoo. The mask softens the curls, makes them elastic and flexible. The hair should be kept in two hours. To get amber shampoo, add a few acid crystals to your normal shampoo and wash your hair. Regular use of such products improves hair growth and restores dull, damaged curls. Is there any harm to Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) This is a weak organic acid and causes irritation of the gastric mucosa, increasing the secretion of gastric juice. Therefore, it is not recommended to be taken on an empty stomach. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) and other contraindications are: individual intolerance; ischemic disease; urolithiasis; severe renal insufficiency; stomach ulcer; increased acidity of gastric juice; duodenal ulcer. Side effects from taking the drug are not described, but if used incorrectly, you may cause irritation of the gastric mucosa and provoke gastritis. In addition, regular drinking of solutions of this substance can damage tooth enamel. Poisoning with Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) and succinates requires a very large dose. Thus, for mice, the lethal dose is 1.4 grams per kg and is 2.26 grams per kg of body weight for rats. Let's summarize the above. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) in the composition of a living organism is a natural participant in metabolism. The human body synthesizes it both independently and with food. Improves the conversion of energy from nutrients, promotes the oxidation of oxidized products and stimulates the absorption of oxygen at the cellular level. Therefore, the drug has an antioxidant and anti-toxic effect, stimulates the metabolism in general. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is used in the treatment of various infections and intoxication. Athletes drink as a natural stimulant and agent that improves the performance of the heart muscle in order to get rid of hard training. Taking the drug during weight loss facilitates the process and relieves nervous tension, and cosmetic experts use it as a renewed component of masks, scythe and creams. As a means against cell aging, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) has been discussed for a long time. It has been shown that taking the drug for the elderly has a positive effect on general health. However, this drug has contraindications - you can not take with patients with high acidity, severe kidney diseases, stomach ulcers. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) (butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in plant and animal tissues. The chemical is also known as "Spirit of Amber." When Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) was first discovered, it was extracted from amber by pulverizing and distilling it using a sand bath. It was primarily used externally for rheumatic aches and pains. Almost infinite esters can be obtained from carboxylic acids. Esters are produced by combining an acid with an alcohol and removal of a water molecule. Carboxylic acid esters are used in a variety of direct and indirect applications. Lower chain esters are used as flavoring base materials, plasticizers, solvent carriers and coupling agents. Higher chain compounds are used as components in metalworking fluids, surfactants, lubricants, detergents, oiling agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, textile treatments and emollients. Esters are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of a variety of target compounds. The almost infinite esters provide a wide range of viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and other physical and chemical properties for the proper application selections. Applications of Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is used as a flavoring agent for food and beverages. Producing five heterocyclic compounds, Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is used as an intermediate for dyes, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals, alkyd resins, plasticizers, metal treatment chemicals, and coatings. Succinic acid (Succınıc acıd) is also used in the manufacture of medicines fo
SUCCINIC ACID
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.
The name derives from Latin succinum, meaning amber.
Succinic acid could also become a commodity used as an intermediate in the chemical synthesis and manufacture of synthetic resins and biodegradable polymers.

CAS Number: 110-15-6
EC Number: 203-740-4
Chemical Formula: HOOCCH2CH2COOH
Molar Mass: 118.09 g/mol

1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, 110-15-6, 203-740-4, 4-02-00-01908, Acide butanedioique, Acide succinique, Acido succinico, ácido succínico, Ácido succínico, succinic acid, butanedioic acid, 110-15-6, Amber acid, Asuccin, Wormwood acid, Dihydrofumaric acid, Katasuccin, Bernsteinsaure, ethylenesuccinic acid, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, Wormwood, Butandisaeure, Acidum succinicum, Butanedionic acid, Succinicum acidum, Kyselina jantarova, Butane diacid, Ethylene dicarboxylic acid, Spirit of amber, Bernsteinsaure, Kyselina jantarova, Ammonium succinate, HSDB 791, succinic-acid, UNII-AB6MNQ6J6L, MFCD00002789, succ, NSC 106449, AI3-06297, AB6MNQ6J6L, Butanedioic acid, homopolymer, E363, CHEBI:15741, C4-beta-polymorph, NSC25949, NSC-106449, NCGC00159372-02, NCGC00159372-04, Succinellite, acide succinique, Sal succini, Acid of amber, DSSTox_CID_3602, WLN: QV2VQ, DSSTox_RID_77102, DSSTox_GSID_23602, SIN, Ethylene succinic acid, Ethanedicarboxylic acid, Bernsteinsaeure, sodium succinate (anhydrous), succinate, 9, acide butanedioique, 26776-24-9, CAS-110-15-6, Succinic acid, Succinic acid (8CI), Butanedioic acid (9CI), EINECS 203-740-4, BRN 1754069, Dihydrofumarate, Succinicate, Butanedioic acid diammonium salt, Salt of amber, 1cze, Butanedioic acid?, Nat.Succinic Acid, 1,4-Butanedioate, Succinic acid, 6, Succinic acid, FCC, Succinic Acide,(S), Succinic Acid (SA), 1,4-Butandioic Acid, Succinic acid, 99%, Succinic acid, natural, 4lh2, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate, Substrate analogue, 11, suc, Succinic acid, ACS grade, bmse000183, bmse000968, CHEMBL576, EC 203-740-4, HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH, A 12084, 4-02-00-01908, GTPL3637, DTXSID6023602, FEMA NO. 4719, BDBM26121, Succinic acid (Butanedioic acid), HMS3885O04, ZINC895030, HY-N0420, STR02803, Tox21_111612, Tox21_201918, Tox21_303247, BBL002473, LMFA01170043, NSC-25949, NSC106449, s3791, STK387105, Succinic acid, >=99%, FCC, FG, Succinic acid, BioXtra, >=99.0%, AKOS000118899, Tox21_111612_1, CCG-266069, DB00139, LS40373, MCULE-5889111640, SuccinicAcid(IndustrialGrade&FoodGrade), NCGC00159372-03, NCGC00159372-05, NCGC00159372-06, NCGC00257092-01, NCGC00259467-01, Succinic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, BP-21128, I847, Succinic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%, CS-0008946, FT-0652509, FT-0773657, N1941, S0100, Succinic acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Succinic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, SUCCINIC ACID HIGH PURITY GRADE 2.5KG, Succinic acid, purum p.a., >=99.0% (T), Succinic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.5%, 1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID (SUCCINIC ACID), A14596, C00042, D85169, Succinic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, AB01332192-02, Q213050, SR-01000944556, J-002386, SR-01000944556-2, Z57127453, F2191-0239, 37E8FFFB-70DA-4399-B724-476BD8715EF0, Succinic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Succinic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (T), Succinic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Succinic acid, matrix substance for MALDI-MS, >=99.5% (T), Ultra pure, Succinic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Succinic acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, Succinic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, 110-15-6, 203-740-4, 4-02-00-01908, Acide butanedioique, Acide succinique, Acido succinico, ácido succínico, Ácido succínico, acidum succinicum, Bernsteinsaeure, Bernsteinsäure, Butanedioic acid, HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH, Kyselina jantarova, MFCD00002789, QV2VQ, Succinic acid, Succinic acid, Янтарная кислота, 14493-42-6, 152556-05-3, 21668-90-6, 61128-08-3, acidum succinicum, amber acid, asuccin, Bernsteinsaeure, Bernsteinsaure, Butandisaeure, BUTANE DIACID, BUTANEDIOICACID, CpeE protein, DB00139, Dihydrofumaric acid, Ethanedicarboxylic acid, Ethylene dicarboxylic acid, Ethylene succinic acid, FMR, fum, Fumaric acid, hydron, Katasuccin, Kyselina jantarova, MAE, Maleic acid, Sal succini, STR02803, Succinellite, succinic acid(free acid), SUCCINIC-D4 ACID, succunic acide, Wormwood acid

In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, succinate, which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state.
Succinic acid is marketed as food additive E363.
Succinic acid is generated in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA).

Succinic acid can exit the mitochondrial matrix and function in the cytoplasm as well as the extracellular space, changing gene expression patterns, modulating epigenetic landscape or demonstrating hormone-like signaling.
As such, Succinic acid links cellular metabolism, especially ATP formation, to the regulation of cellular function.
Dysregulation of Succinic acid synthesis, and therefore ATP synthesis, happens in some genetic mitochondrial diseases, such as Leigh syndrome, and Melas syndrome, and degradation can lead to pathological conditions, such as malignant transformation, inflammation and tissue injury.

Succinic acid, a four-carbon diacid, has been the focus of many research projects aimed at developing more economically viable methods of fermenting sugar-containing natural materials.
Succinic acid fermentation processes also consume CO2, thereby potentially contributing to reductions in CO2 emissions.

Succinic acid could also become a commodity used as an intermediate in the chemical synthesis and manufacture of synthetic resins and biodegradable polymers.
Much attention has been given recently to the use of microorganisms to produce succinic acid as an alternative to chemical synthesis.

We have attempted to maximize succinic acid production by Actinobacillus succinogenes using an experimental design methodology for optimizing the concentrations of the medium components.
The first experiment consisted of a 24−1 fractional factorial design, and the second entailed a Central Composite Rotational Design so as to achieve optimal conditions.

The optimal concentrations of nutrients predicted by the model were: NaHCO3, 10.0 g l−1; MgSO4, 3.0 g l−1; yeast extract, 2.0 g l−1; KH2PO4.
5.0 g l−1; these were experimentally validated.

Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.
The name derives from Latin succinum, meaning amber.

Under the best conversion conditions, as determined by statistical analysis, the production of succinic acid was carried out in an instrumented bioreactor using sugarcane bagasse hemicellulose hydrolysate, yielding a concentration of 22.5 g l−1.
Succinic acid is a precursor of many important, large-volume industrial chemicals and consumer products.

Succinic acidwas once common knowledge that many ruminant microorganisms accumulated succinic acid under anaerobic conditions.
However, Succinic acid was not until the discovery of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens at the Michigan Biotechnology Institute (MBI), which was capable of producing succinic acid up to about 50 g/L under optimum conditions, that the commercial feasibility of producing the compound by biological processes was realized.

Other microbial strains capable of producing succinic acid to high final concentrations subsequently were isolated and engineered, followed by development of fermentation processes for their uses.
Processes for recovery and purification of succinic acid from fermentation broths were simultaneously established along with new applications of succinic acid, e.g., production of biodegradable deicing compounds and solvents.

Several technologies for the fermentation-based production of succinic acid and the subsequent conversion to useful products are currently commercialized.
This review gives a summary of the development of microbial strains, their fermentation, and the importance of the down-stream recovery and purification efforts to suit various applications in the context of their current commercialization status for biologically derived succinic acid

Succinic acid, with molecular formulation C4H6O4, is a water-soluble, odorless, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters.
Succinic acid is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent.
Succinic acid is a normal intermediary metabolite and a constituent of the citric acid cycle, and found naturally in human urine

Succinic Acid is distributed widely through the natural world, where Succinic acid is contained in bivalves, fossils, seaweed, lichen, bacteria and so on.
Succinic acid was discovered in the year 1550 when Dr. Agricola with Germany distilled amber.

"Succinic Acid" is useful, non-toxic, stable and harmless to the human body.
Succinic acid is generated in a citric acid cycle (succinic acid dehydrate enzyme) and a succinic acid-glycine cycle through the process of metabolism and eventually becomes energy.

Succinic Acid is industrially produced by hydrogenation of Maleic Anhydride.
Succinic Acid of NIPPON SHOKUBAI has not only been used as food additives but also biodegradable polymers, bath additives, plating agents, photochemicals and so on

Succinic acid is a precursor of many important, large-volume industrial chemicals and consumer products.
Succinic acid was once common knowledge that many ruminant microorganisms accumulated succinic acid under anaerobic conditions.

However, Succinic acid was not until the discovery of Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens at the Michigan Biotechnology Institute (MBI), which was capable of producing succinic acid up to about 50 g/L under optimum conditions, that the commercial feasibility of producing the compound by biological processes was realized.
Other microbial strains capable of producing succinic acid to high final concentrations subsequently were isolated and engineered, followed by development of fermentation processes for their uses.

Processes for recovery and purification of succinic acid from fermentation broths were simultaneously established along with new applications of succinic acid, e.g., production of biodegradable deicing compounds and solvents.
Several technologies for the fermentation-based production of succinic acid and the subsequent conversion to useful products are currently commercialized.
This review gives a summary of the development of microbial strains, their fermentation, and the importance of the down-stream recovery and purification efforts to suit various applications in the context of their current commercialization status for biologically derived succinic acid.

Succinic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group.
Succinic acid is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.

Succinic acid has a role as a nutraceutical, a radiation protective agent, an anti-ulcer drug, a micronutrient and a fundamental metabolite.
Succinic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid, a C4-dicarboxylic acid and a lipid.
Succinic acid is a conjugate acid of a succinate

Succinic acid accounts for up to the 90% of the nonvolatile acids produced during alcoholic fermentation.
The content of this acid in wine ranges normally from 0.5 to 1.5 g/L, but the maximum concentration may reach 3 g/L.

Succinic acid is a diprotic acid.
Succinic acid pKa at 25°C are 4.21 and 5.64.
This means that at pH 3.50, most succinic acid (83.9%) is present in Succinic acid undissociated form; monodissociated Succinic acid ion accounts only for approximately 16%, while the dissociation of the second carboxylic group is practically negligible

Succinic acid, an organic acid is an important building block that has a wide range of synthetic applications.
Presently Succinic acid is synthesized from petrochemical compounds.

Due to Succinic acid increasing demand many bio-based methods have been proposed for Succinic acid synthesis as an efficient alternative.
Succinic acids utility as a low shrinkage additive (LSA) in unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) has been investigated.

Succinic acid (COOH(CH2)2COOH) is a carboxylic acid used in food (as an acidulant), pharmaceutical (as anexcipient), personal care (soaps) and chemical (pesticides, dyes and lacquers) industries.
Bio-based succinic acid is seen as an important platform chemical for the production of biodegradable plastics and as a substitute of several chemicals (such as adipic acid)

Succinic acid was traditionally produced synthetically from fossil oil or by an expensive distillation of amber.
During the last decade, new methods of production through biotechnological processes have been developed industrially (so-called bio-succinic acid).
Looking for more natural ingredients, the cosmetics market now has access to a new affordable plant-based ingredient.

Succinic acid is an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid (diacid) described by the empirical formula C4H6O4, and is naturally found in living organisms.
This diacid is one entry pathway into the Krebs cycle that takes place inside the mitochondria found in all cells in the human body.

Succinic acid provides energy required for the organism to function and is therefore involved in a variety of important biological actions.
Widely used in the food industry as a chelating agent and as a pH adjuster, succinic acid has been recognized as a safe substance for years.

Studies also proved Succinic acid antioxidant properties especially for cosmetics.
Succinic acid is also a fully safe intermediate to manufacture derivatives like emollients, surfactants and emulsifiers used in cosmetic formulations.

Succinic acid is a naturally occurring ingredient in amber and sugar cane as well as apple cider vinegar, and is found in living organisms.
The process of fermentation obtains succinic acid sustainably.

While Succinic acid has only recently become a 'buzzy' ingredient in skincare, succinic has been around for a while.

Succinic acid works by helping to peel away dead skin cells from pores to keep them clear.
Succinic acid is used to target blemishes, heal scarring, and improve signs of ageing, and Succinic acid is most often likened to salicylic acid.

Unlike salicylic, however, "it doesn’t encourage a lot of exfoliation," notes Rock.
For this reason, Succinic acid not really comparable to stronger acids that encourage rapid exfoliation and skin turnover.

Succinic acid is a white, odorless solid with a highly acidic taste.
In an aqueous solution, succinic acid readily ionizes to form Succinic acid conjugate base, Succinic acid.

As a diprotic acid, succinic acid undergoes two successive deprotonation reactions:
(CH2)2(CO2H)2 → (CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− + H+
(CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− → (CH2)2(CO2)22− + H+

The pKa of these processes are 4.3 and 5.6, respectively.
Both anions are colorless and can be isolated as the salts, e.g., Na(CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2) and Na2(CH2)2(CO2)2.
In living organisms, primarily succinate, not succinic acid, is found.

As a radical group Succinic acid is called a succinyl group.
Like most simple mono- and dicarboxylic acids, Succinic acid is not harmful but can be an irritant to skin and eyes.

Historically, succinic acid was obtained from amber by distillation and has thus been known as spirit of amber.
Common industrial routes include hydrogenation of maleic acid, oxidation of 1,4-butanediol, and carbonylation of ethylene glycol.

Succinic acid is also produced from butane via maleic anhydride.
Global production is estimated at 16,000 to 30,000 tons a year, with an annual growth rate of 10%.

Genetically engineered Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are proposed for the commercial production via fermentation of glucose

Succinic acid can be dehydrogenated to fumaric acid or be converted to diesters, such as diethylsuccinate (CH2CO2CH2CH3)2.
This diethyl ester is a substrate in the Stobbe condensation.

Dehydration of succinic acid gives succinic anhydride.
Succinic acid can be used to derive 1,4-butanediol, maleic anhydride, succinimide, 2-pyrrolidinone and tetrahydrofuran

Succinic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Succinic acid is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Succinic acid, also called Butanedioic Acid, a dicarboxylic acid of molecular formula C4H6O4 that is widely distributed in almost all plant and animal tissues and that plays a significant role in intermediary metabolism.
Succinic acid is a colourless crystalline solid, soluble in water, with a melting point of 185–187° C (365–369° F).

Succinic acid is a precursor to some polyesters and a component of some alkyd resins.
Succinic acid) can be synthesized using succinic acid as a precursor.

The automotive and electronics industries heavily rely on BDO to produce connectors, insulators, wheel covers, gearshift knobs and reinforcing beams.
Succinic acid also serves as the bases of certain biodegradable polymers, which are of interest in tissue engineering applications.

Acylation with succinic acid is called succination.
Oversuccination occurs when more than one Succinic acid adds to a substrate

As a food additive and dietary supplement, succinic acid is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Succinic acid is used primarily as an acidity regulator in the food and beverage industry.

Succinic acid is also available as a flavoring agent, contributing a somewhat sour and astringent component to umami taste.
As an excipient in pharmaceutical products, Succinic acid is also used to control acidity or as a counter ion.
Drugs involving succinate include metoprolol succinate, sumatriptan succinate, Doxylamine succinate or solifenacin Succinic acid.

Succinic acid assay kit is suitable for the specific assay of succinic acid in wine, cheese, eggs, sauce and other food products.

Succinic acid is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle.
Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese).

Succinic acid (butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid.
Succinic acid is a common intermediate in the metabolic pathway of several anaerobic and facultative micro-organisms.

Succinic acid is used as a dietary supplement for symptoms related to menopause such as hot flashes and irritability.
Succinic acid is used as a flavoring agent for food and beverages.

Succinic acid is used to manufacture polyurethanes, paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, artificial leathers, cosmetics and personal care products, biodegradable plastics, nylons, industrial lubricants, phthalate-free plasticizers, and dyes & pigments.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Succinic acid is used in the preparation of active calcium succinate, as a starting material for active pharmaceutical ingredients (adipic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone, succinate salts, etc.), as an additive in drug formation, for medicines of sedative, antispasmer, antiplegm, antiphogistic, anrhoter, contraception and cancer curing, in the preparation of vitamin A and anti-Inflammatory, and as antidote for toxic substance.

Succinic acid may be used in the following processes:
As a leaching agent in extracting lithium (Li), cobalt from used Li-ion batteries and magnesium from magnesite ore.
Synthesis of new elastic polyesters.

As a cocrystallising agent in the synthesis of cocrystals with organic molecules.
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid.

Succinic acid is an important component of the citric acid or TCA cycle and is capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain.
Succinic acid is found in all living organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to mammals.

In eukaryotes, Succinic acid is generated in the mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA).
Succinic acid can readily be imported into the mitochondrial matrix by the n-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier in exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e. g. malate.

Succinic acid can exit the mitochondrial matrix and function in the cytoplasm as well as the extracellular space.
Succinic acid has multiple biological roles including roles as a metabolic intermediate and roles as a cell signalling molecule.

Succinic acid can alter gene expression patterns, thereby modulating the epigenetic landscape or Succinic acid can exhibit hormone-like signaling functions.
As such, Succinic acid links cellular metabolism, especially ATP formation, to the regulation of cellular function.

Succinic acid can be broken down or metabolized into fumarate by the enzyme Succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH), which is part of the electron transport chain involved in making ATP.
Dysregulation of Succinic acid synthesis, and therefore ATP synthesis, can happen in a number of genetic mitochondrial diseases, such as Leigh syndrome, and Melas syndrome.

Succinic acid has been found to be associated with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
Succinic acid has recently been identified as an oncometabolite or an endogenous, cancer causing metabolite.

High levels of this organic acid can be found in tumors or biofluids surrounding tumors.
Succinic acids oncogenic action appears to due to Succinic acid ability to inhibit prolyl hydroxylase-containing enzymes.

In many tumours, oxygen availability becomes limited (hypoxia) very quickly due to rapid cell proliferation and limited blood vessel growth.
The major regulator of the response to hypoxia is the HIF transcription factor (HIF-alpha).
Under normal oxygen levels, protein levels of HIF-alpha are very low due to constant degradation, mediated by a series of post-translational modification events catalyzed by the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing enzymes PHD1, 2 and 3, that hydroxylate HIF-alpha and lead to Succinic acid degradation.

Biotechnological Applications of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid and its derivatives are used as flavoring agents for food and beverages.
This acid could be used as feedstock for dyes, insecticides, perfumes, lacquers, as well as in the manufacture of clothing, paint, links, and fibers.

Succinic acid is widely used in medicine as an antistress, antihypoxic, and immunity-improving agent, in animal diets, and as a stimulator of plant growth.
Succinic acid is also a component of bio-based polymers such as nylons or polyesters.

Succinic acid esters are precursors for the known petrochemical products such as 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, c-butyrolactone, and various pyrrolidinone derivatives.
Succinic acid production was reported for the first time when Succinic acid was grown on ethanol under aerobic conditions and nitrogen limitation.

Succinic acid amount was 63.4 g/L as the major product of batch fermentation in this process.
However, the disadvantage was low yield of succinic acid on ethanol (58 %), and a high cost of production.

The concentration of succinic acid and Succinic acid yield were found to be 38.8 g/L and 82.45 % of n-alkane consumed, respectively.
Succinic acid production was also studied by genetically modified strains using glucose and glycerol as substrates.

Constructed temperaturesensitive mutant strains with mutations in the Succinic acid dehydrogenase encoding gene SDH1 by in vitro mutagenesis-based approach.
Then, the mutants were used to optimize the composition of the media for selection of transformants with the deletion in the SDH2 gene.
The defects of each Succinic acid dehydrogenase subunit prevented the growth on glucose, but the mutant strains grew on glycerol and produced Succinic acid in the presence of the buffering agent CaCO3.

Subsequent selection of the strain with deleted SDH2 gene for increased viability was allowed to obtain a strain that is capable to accumulate Succinic acid at the level of more than 450 g/L with buffering and more than 17 g/L without buffering.
Therefore, a reduced Succinic acid dehydrogenase activity can lead to an increased Succinic acid production

Able to produce succinic acid at low pH values.
High amounts of Succinic acid can be achieved by genetic engineering.

Uses of Succinic acid:
Found in fossils, fungi, and lichens.
Present in nearly all plant and animal tissues.

Succinic acid is used to make lacquers, dyes, esters for perfumes, alkyd resins, pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, lubricants, and pesticides.
Also used in photography, as a sequestrant in foods, a buffering and neutralizing agent, for radiation dosimetry, and to promote plant growth and increased yields in food crops.

Organic synthesis, manufacture of lacquers, dyes esters for perfumes, photography, in foods as sequestrant, buffer, neutralizing agent

Uses of succinic acid range from scientific applications such as radiation dosimetry and standard buffer solutions to applications in agriculture, food, medicine, plastics, cosmetics, textiles, plating, and waste-gas scrubbing

Succinic acid is used as starting material in the manufacture of alkyd resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides.
Reaction with glycols gives polyesters; esters formed by reaction with monoalcohols are important plasticizers and lubricants.

In the growing of food, Succinic acid is a biogenic stimulant leading to faster plant growth and increased yields.

Succinic acid (COOH(CH2)2COOH) is a carboxylic acid used in food (as an acidulant), pharmaceutical (as an excipient), personal care (soaps) and chemical (pesticides, dyes and lacquers) industries.
Bio-based succinic acid is seen as an important platform chemical for the production of biodegradable plastics and as a substitute of several chemicals (such as adipic acid).

Succinic Acid is widely used in the food industry as a chelating agent and as a pH adjuster.
The FDA has granted Succinic Acid with the GRAS status (Generally Recognised as Safe Substance).

Studies conducted within the food industry show Succinic Acid has anti-oxidant properties: even though this does not imply the same will be exerted when Succinic acid is applied topically, Succinic acid gives an indication that suitable tests could be carried out to understand whether Succinic Acid maintain such effect once formulated in a cosmetic product.
Succinic Acid is also used as an intermediate to manufacture several chemicals, amongst which raw materials for the cosmetic and personal-care industry, e.g. emollients, surfactants and emulsifiers.

Succinic acid is widely use as organic intermediates for the pharmaceutical, engineering plastics, resins etc.
For the synthesis of sedatives, contraceptives and cancer drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.
In the chemical industry for the production of dyes, alkyd resin, glass fiber reinforced plastics, ion exchange resins and pesticides.

Succinic Acid is an acidulant that is commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of maleic or fumaric acid.
Succinic acid is a nonhygroscopic acid but is more soluble in 25°c water than fumaric and adipic acid.

Succinic acid has low acid strength and slow taste build-up; Succinic acid is not a substitute for normal acidulants.
Succinic acid combines with proteins in modifying the plasticity of bread dough.
Succinic acid functions as an acidulant and flavor enhancer in relishes, beverages, and hot sausages.

Succinic Acid was identified in essential oil from Saxifraga stolonifera and has antibacterial activity.

Consumer Uses of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid is used in the following products: adsorbents, fertilisers, inks and toners, washing & cleaning products, water softeners, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, polymers and cosmetics and personal care products.
Other release to the environment of Succinic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Adhesives and sealants,
Water treatment products.

Widespread uses by professional workers of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, washing & cleaning products, fertilisers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.
Succinic acid is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction, health services and scientific research and development.

Succinic acid is used for the manufacture of: and plastic products.
Other release to the environment of Succinic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Uses at industrial sites of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal surface treatment products, leather treatment products, metal working fluids and laboratory chemicals.
Succinic acid is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and scientific research and development.

Succinic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Succinic acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, in the production of articles and as processing aid.

Adsorbents and absorbents,
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents,
Intermediates,
Plasticizers,
Processing aids, not otherwise listed.

Chemical Properties of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid is a normal constituent of almost all plant and animal tissues.
Succinic anhydride is the dehydration product of the acid.

Succinic acid was first obtained as the distillate from amber (Latin, Succinum) for which Succinic acid is named.
Succinic acid occurs in beet, brocoli, rhubarb, sauerkraut, cheese, meat, molasses, eggs, peat, coal, fruits, honey, and urine.

Succinic acid is formed by the chemical and biochemical oxidation of fats, by alcoholic fermentation of sugar, and in numerous catalyzed oxidation processes.
Succinic acid is also a major byproduct in the manufacture of adipic acid.

Succinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, is a relatively new nonhygroscopic product approved for food uses.
Succinic acid apparent taste characteristics in foods appear to be very similar to the other acidulants of this type, although pure aqueous solutions tend to have a slightly bitter taste.
Succinic anhydride, in contrast, is the only commercially available anhydride for food uses.

Succinic acid,C02H(CH2)2C02H, also known as butanedioic acid,butane diacid, and amber acid, is a colorless odorless prisms or white crystalline powder that melts at 185°C (364 of).
Soluble in water and alcohol, Succinic acid is used as a chemical intermediate, Succinic acid is used in lacquers,medicine,dyes,and as a taste modifier.

Biotechnological Production of Succinic acid:
Traditionally, succinic acid is produced by petrochemical synthesis using the precursor maleic acid.
However, there are some microorganisms that are able to produce succinic acid.

Maximum product concentrations of 106 g.L-1 with a yield of 1.25 mol of succinic acid per mole of glucose and a productivity of 1.36 g.L-1.h-1 have been achieved by growing A. succinogenes on glucose.
A high productivity of 10.40 g.L-1.h-1 has been reached with A. succinogenes growing on a complex medium with glucose in a continuous process with an integrated membrane bioreactor-electrodialysis process.

In this process, the product concentration has been 83 g.L-1.
Moreover, metabolic engineering methods were used to develop strains with high productivity and titer as well as low byproduct formation.

For example, growing C. glutamicum strain DldhA-pCRA717 on a defined medium with glucose, a high productivity of 11.80 g.L-1.h-1 with a yield of 1.37 mol of succinic acid per mole of glucose and a titer of 83 g.L-1 has been reported after 7 h.
An extended cultivation resulted in a product concentration of 146 g.L-1 after 46 h.

Biochem/physiol Actions of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid is a byproduct of anaerobic fermentation in microbes.
Succinic acid is a dicarboxylic acid and an intermediate in Kreb′s cycle.

Polymorphism in Succinic acid dehydrogenase leads to Succinic acid accumulation.
High levels of Succinic acid impairs 2-oxoglutarate epigenetic signalling.

Succinic acid levels may modulate tumor progression.
Succinic acid inhibits histone demethylation and may contribute to epigenetic changes.
Succinic acid is crucial for interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) synthesis during inflammation and immune signalling.

Human Metabolite Information of Succinic acid:

Tissue Locations of Succinic acid:
Adipose Tissue
Brain
Fibroblasts
Kidney
Liver
Pancreas
Placenta
Prostate
Skeletal Muscle
Spleen

Cellular Locations of Succinic acid:
Endoplasmic reticulum
Extracellular
Mitochondria
Peroxisome

Occurrence of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle.
Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese).

The ripening process of apples can be followed by monitoring the falling levels of succinic acid.
The occurrence of > 5 mg/kg of this acid in egg and egg products is indicative of microbial contamination.

Apart from use as a flavouring agent in the food and beverage industries, succinic acid finds many other non-food applications, such as in the production of dyes, drugs, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals and coolants.
Succinic acid is widely distributed in almost all plants, animals and microorganisms where Succinic acid is a common intermediate in the intermediary metabolism.

A way to utilise this is with fermentation of biomass by microorganisms.
Succinic acid is therefore a good candidate for biobased industrial production.

A concept for a large scale production plant is patented by the company Diversified Natural Products.
The plant consists of a fermentation stage and a separation stage.
During the separations the Succinic acid produced in the fermenter is crystallised to the final product, succinic acid.

Preparation of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid can also be manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of malic or fumaric acids.
Succinic acid has also been produced commercially by aqueous acid or alkalihydrolysis of succinonitrile derived from ethylene bromide and potassium cyanide.

Today succinic acid is mainly produced from fossil resources through maleic acid hydrogenation.
Succinic acid can also be produced through fermentation of sugars.
In that case, in addition to succinic acid, other carboxylic acids (such as lactic acid, formic acid, propionic acid) and alcohols (such as ethanol) are also obtained.

Reactivity Profile of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid reacts exothermically to neutralize bases, both organic and inorganic.
Can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.

Such reactions are slow in the dry, but systems may absorb water from the air to allow corrosion of iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.
Reacts slowly with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Reacts with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
May generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.

May react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Can be oxidized exothermically by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
May initiate polymerization reactions.

Methods of Manufacturing of Succinic acid:
Hydrogenation of maleic acid, maleic anhydride, or fumaric acid produces good yields of succinic acid.
1,4-Butanediol can be oxidized to succinic acid in several ways: (1) with O2 in an aqueous solution of an alkaline-earth hydroxide at 90-110 °C in the presence of Pd-C; (2) by ozonolysis in aqueous acetic acid; or (3) by reaction with N2O4 at low temperature.

Succinic acid can be obtained by phase-transfer-catalyzed reaction of 2-haloacetates, electrolytic dimerization of bromoacetic acid or ester, oxidation of 3-cyanopropanal, and fermentation of n-alkanes.
Succinic acid is derived from fermentation of ammonium tartrate.

Manufacture of Succinic acid:
Release to the environment of Succinic acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of Succinic acid.

General Manufacturing Information of Succinic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Plastic material and resin manufacturing
Utilities

Formulation or re-packing of Succinic acid:
Succinic acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, water softeners, cosmetics and personal care products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Release to the environment of Succinic acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Handling and Storage of Succinic acid:

Nonfire Spill Response:
SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material.

Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution.

Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.
STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep Succinic acid away from oxidizing materials.

Storage Conditions of Succinic acid:
Keep tightly closed.

Safety Profile of Succinic acid:
Moderately toxic by subcutaneous route.
A severe eye irritant.

Mutation data reported.
When heated to decomposition Succinic acid emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

First Aid of Succinic acid:
EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Fire Fighting of Succinic acid:
Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher.

Accidental Release Measures of Succinic acid:

Disposal Methods of Succinic acid:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Succinic acid approved use or return Succinic acid to the manufacturer or supplier.
Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Incineration: Succinic acid should be combined with paper or other flammable material.
An alternate procedure is to dissolve Succinic acid in a flammable solvent and spray the solutions into the fire chamber.

Preventive Measures of Succinic acid:
The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting.
The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon Succinic acid, but also on factors including the form of Succinic acid, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses.

However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye.
In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn.
In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

Identifiers of Succinic acid:
CAS number: 110-15-6
EC number: 203-740-4
Grade: ChP,NF,JPE,ACS
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₄
Chemical formula: HOOCCH₂CH₂COOH
Molar Mass: 118.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 19 80

Properties of Succinic acid:
Molecular Weight: 118.09
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 118.02660867
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.02660867
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 92.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Succinic acid:
Boiling point: 235 °C (1013 hPa)
Density:1.57 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Ignition temperature: 470 °C
Melting Point: 188 °C
pH value: 2.7 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 940 kg/m3
Solubility: 58 g/l

Assay (alkalimetric) : 99.0 - 100.5 %
Assay (HPLC) : 99.0 - 100.5 %
Identity (IR) : passes test
Identity (HPLC) : passes test
Identity (wet chemistry) : passes test
In water insoluble matter : ≤ 0.01 %
Melting range (lower value) : ≥ 185.0 °C
Melting range (upper value) : ≤ 190.0 °C
Melting point : 185.0 - 190.0 °C
Chloride (Cl) : ≤ 0.001 %
Phosphate (PO₄) : ≤ 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO₄) : ≤ 0.003 %
Heavy metals (as Pb) : ≤ 0.0020 %
Heavy metals (as Pb) (ACS) : ≤ 5 ppm
Nitrogen compounds (as N) : ≤ 0.001 %
Fe (Iron) : ≤ 5 ppm
As (Arsenic) : ≤ 0.00015 %
Substances reducing permanganate : conforms
Residual solvents (ICH Q3C) : excluded by production process
Sulfated ash (600 °C) : ≤ 0.02 %

Names of Succinic acid:

Regulatory process names:
1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid
1,4-Butanedioic acid
Acidum succinicum
Amber acid
Asuccin
Bernsteinsaure
Butandisaeure
Dihydrofumaric acid
DL-Malic acid
Ethylene dicarboxylic acid
Ethylenesuccinic acid
Katasuccin
Kyselina jantarova
Succinate
Succinic acid
Succinic acid
succinic acid
Succinicum acidum
Wormwood acid

CAS names:
Butanedioic acid

IUPAC names:
1,4-Butanedioic acid
Butanedioic Acid
Butanedioic acid
butanedioic acid
Butanedionic acid
Registration dossier
Ethanedicarboxylic acid
Succinic
SUCCINIC ACID
Succinic Acid
Succinic acid
succinic acid
Succinic Acid
Succinic acid
succinic acid
1,4-Butanedioic acid
Butanedioic Acid
Butanedioic acid
butanedioic aci
Butanedionic acid
Ethanedicarboxylic acid
Succinic

Trade names:
Biosuccinium™
Succinic acid
Succinic Acid 99,7

Other identifiers:
110-15-6
2087491-34-5
2087491-34-5
623158-99-6
623158-99-6
SUCCINIC ACID
Succinic acid (butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid.
Succinic Acid is a common intermediate in the metabolic pathway of several anaerobic and facultative micro-organisms.
Succinic acid is used as a dietary supplement for symptoms related to menopause such as hot flashes and irritability.

CAS: 110-15-6
MF: C4H6O4
MW: 118.09
EINECS: 203-740-4

Synonyms
110-15-6, Amber acid, Asuccin, Wormwood acid, Dihydrofumaric acid, Katasuccin, Bernsteinsaure, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, ethylenesuccinic acid, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, Wormwood, Succinicum acidum, Butandisaeure, Acidum succinicum, Butanedionic acid, Kyselina jantarova, Butane diacid, Ethylene dicarboxylic acid, acide succinique, Bernsteinsaure [German], Bernsteinsaeure, Kyselina jantarova [Czech], HSDB 791, acide butanedioique, Ammonium succinate, NSC 106449, UNII-AB6MNQ6J6L, AB6MNQ6J6L, AI3-06297, EINECS 203-740-4, MFCD00002789, succ, NSC-106449, BRN 1754069, DTXSID6023602, E363, FEMA NO. 4719, CHEBI:15741, Butanedioic acid-13C4, HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH, Butanedioic acid-1,4-13C2, DTXCID303602, EC 203-740-4, 4-02-00-01908 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC25949, 1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic Acid, SuccinicAcid(IndustrialGrade&FoodGrade), NCGC00159372-02, NCGC00159372-04, Succinellite, Sal succini, WLN: QV2VQ, SUCCINIC ACID (II), SUCCINIC ACID [II], SIN, SUCCINIC ACID (MART.), SUCCINIC ACID [MART.], Succinic Acid; Butanedioic acid, Ethylene succinic acid, Ethanedicarboxylic acid, butandisaure, succinic-acid, SUCCINIC ACID (USP IMPURITY), SUCCINIC ACID [USP IMPURITY], succinate, 9, CAS-110-15-6, ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY), ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], Succinic acid [NF], Succinic acid (8CI), 1,4 Butanedioic Acid, Butanedioic acid (9CI), Dihydrofumarate, Succinicate, Butanedioic acid diammonium salt, 1cze, 1,4-Butanedioate, Succinic acid, 6, Succinic acid, FCC, Succinic Acide,(S), 1,4-Butandioic Acid, Succinic acid, 99%, Succinic acid, natural, 4lh2, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate, suc, Succinic acid, ACS grade, bmse000183, bmse000968, CHEMBL576, SUCCINIC ACID [MI], SUCCINIC ACID [FCC], A 12084, SUCCINIC ACID [HSDB], SUCCINIC ACID [INCI], SUCCINIC ACID [VANDF], GTPL3637, SUCCINIC ACID [USP-RS], SUCCINIC ACID [WHO-DD], SUCCINICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], BDBM26121, Succinic acid (Butanedioic acid), HMS3885O04, HY-N0420, STR02803, Tox21_111612, Tox21_201918, Tox21_303247, LMFA01170043, NSC-25949, NSC106449, s3791, Succinic acid, >=99%, FCC, FG, Succinic acid, BioXtra, >=99.0%, AKOS000118899, Tox21_111612_1, CCG-266069, DB00139, NCGC00159372-03, NCGC00159372-05, NCGC00159372-06, NCGC00257092-01, NCGC00259467-01, Succinic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, BP-21128, Succinic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%, CS-0008946, FT-0652509, FT-0773657, NS00002272, S0100, Succinic acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Succinic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, EN300-17990, Succinic acid, purum p.a., >=99.0% (T), Succinic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.5%, 1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID (SUCCINIC ACID), C00042, D85169, Succinic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, AB01332192-02, Q213050, SR-01000944556, J-002386, SR-01000944556-2, Z57127453, F2191-0239, 37E8FFFB-70DA-4399-B724-476BD8715EF0, Succinic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Succinic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (T), Succinic acid, matrix substance for MALDI-MS, Y99.5%(T), Succinic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8, 26776-24-9

Succinic Acid is used as a flavoring agent for food and beverages.
Succinic Acid is used to manufacture polyurethanes, paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, artificial leathers, cosmetics and personal care products, biodegradable plastics, nylons, industrial lubricants, phthalate-free plasticizers, and dyes & pigments.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Succinic Acid is used in the preparation of active calcium succinate, as a starting material for active pharmaceutical ingredients (adipic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone, succinate salts, etc.), as an additive in drug formation, for medicines of sedative, antispasmer, antiplegm, antiphogistic, anrhoter, contraception and cancer curing, in the preparation of vitamin A and anti-Inflammatory, and as antidote for toxic substance.

Succinic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 185 °C
Boiling point: 235 °C
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4002(lit.)
FEMA: 4719 | SUCCINIC ACID
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp: 2-8°C
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone and methanol. Insoluble in toluene, benzene, carbon Disulfide, carbon tetrachloride and petroleum ether.
Pka: 4.16(at 25℃)
Form: Powder/Solid
Color: White to off-white
PH: 3.65(1 mM solution);3.12(10 mM solution);2.61(100 mM solution);
Odor: at 100.00 %. wormwood
Odor Type: herbal
Water Solubility: 80 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,8869
BRN: 1754069
Dielectric constant: 2.4(26℃)
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
InChIKey: KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.59
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-15-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Succinic acid (110-15-6)

Uses
Succinic acid (COOH(CH2)2COOH) is a carboxylic acid used in food (as an acidulant), pharmaceutical (as an excipient), personal care (soaps) and chemical (pesticides, dyes and lacquers) industries.
Bio-based succinic acid is seen as an important platform chemical for the production of biodegradable plastics and as a substitute of several chemicals (such as adipic acid).
Succinic Acid is widely used in the food industry as a chelating agent and as a pH adjuster.

The FDA has granted Succinic Acid with the GRAS status (Generally Recognised as Safe Substance).
Studies conducted within the food industry show Succinic Acid has anti-oxidant properties.
Even though this does not imply the same will be exerted when the substance is applied topically, it gives an indication that suitable tests could be carried out to understand whether Succinic Acid maintain such effect once formulated in a cosmetic product.
Succinic Acid is also used as an intermediate to manufacture several chemicals, amongst which raw materials for the cosmetic and personal-care industry, e.g. emollients, surfactants and emulsifiers.

Succinic Acid is an acidulant that is commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of maleic or fumaric acid.
Succinic Acid is a nonhygroscopic acid but is more soluble in 25°c water than fumaric and adipic acid.
Succinic Acid has low acid strength and slow taste build-up; it is not a substitute for normal acidulants.
Succinic Acid combines with proteins in modifying the plasticity of bread dough.
Succinic Acid functions as an acidulant and flavor enhancer in relishes, beverages, and hot sausages.

Preparation
Succinic acid can also be manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of malic or fumaric acids.
Succinic Acid has also been produced commercially by aqueous acid or alkalihydrolysis of succinonitrile derived from ethylene bromide and potassium cyanide.
Today succinic acid is mainly produced from fossil resources through maleic acid hydrogenation.
Succinic Acid can also be produced through fermentation of sugars.
In that case, in addition to succinic acid, other carboxylic acids (such as lactic acid, formic acid, propionic acid) and alcohols (such as ethanol) are also obtained.

Occurrence
Succinic acid is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle.
Succinic acid concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese).
The ripening process of apples can be followed by monitoring the falling levels of succinic acid.

The occurrence of > 5 mg/kg of this acid in egg and egg products is indicative of microbial contamination.
Apart from use as a flavouring agent in the food and beverage industries, succinic acid finds many other non-food applications, such as in the production of dyes, drugs, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals and coolants.
Succinic acid is widely distributed in almost all plants, animals and microorganisms where it is a common intermediate in the intermediary metabolism.
A way to utilise this is with fermentation of biomass by microorganisms.
Succinic acid is therefore a good candidate for biobased industrial production.
A concept for a large scale production plant is patented by the company Diversified Natural Products.
The plant consists of a fermentation stage and a separation stage.
During the separations the succinate produced in the fermenter is crystallised to the final product, succinic acid.
SUCCINIC ACID
Succinic acid (butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid.
Succinic Acid is a common intermediate in the metabolic pathway of several anaerobic and facultative micro-organisms.
Succinic acid is used as a dietary supplement for symptoms related to menopause such as hot flashes and irritability.

CAS: 110-15-6
MF: C4H6O4
MW: 118.09
EINECS: 203-740-4

Synonyms
110-15-6, Amber acid, Asuccin, Wormwood acid, Dihydrofumaric acid, Katasuccin, Bernsteinsaure, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, ethylenesuccinic acid, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, Wormwood, Succinicum acidum, Butandisaeure, Acidum succinicum, Butanedionic acid, Kyselina jantarova, Butane diacid, Ethylene dicarboxylic acid, acide succinique, Bernsteinsaure [German], Bernsteinsaeure, Kyselina jantarova [Czech], HSDB 791, acide butanedioique, Ammonium succinate, NSC 106449, UNII-AB6MNQ6J6L, AB6MNQ6J6L, AI3-06297, EINECS 203-740-4, MFCD00002789, succ, NSC-106449, BRN 1754069, DTXSID6023602, E363, FEMA NO. 4719, CHEBI:15741, Butanedioic acid-13C4, HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH, Butanedioic acid-1,4-13C2, DTXCID303602, EC 203-740-4, 4-02-00-01908 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC25949, 1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic Acid, SuccinicAcid(IndustrialGrade&FoodGrade), NCGC00159372-02, NCGC00159372-04, Succinellite, Sal succini, WLN: QV2VQ, SUCCINIC ACID (II), SUCCINIC ACID [II], SIN, SUCCINIC ACID (MART.), SUCCINIC ACID [MART.], Succinic Acid; Butanedioic acid, Ethylene succinic acid, Ethanedicarboxylic acid, butandisaure, succinic-acid, SUCCINIC ACID (USP IMPURITY), SUCCINIC ACID [USP IMPURITY], succinate, 9, CAS-110-15-6, ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY), ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], Succinic acid [NF], Succinic acid (8CI), 1,4 Butanedioic Acid, Butanedioic acid (9CI), Dihydrofumarate, Succinicate, Butanedioic acid diammonium salt, 1cze, 1,4-Butanedioate, Succinic acid, 6, Succinic acid, FCC, Succinic Acide,(S), 1,4-Butandioic Acid, Succinic acid, 99%, Succinic acid, natural, 4lh2, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate, suc, Succinic acid, ACS grade, bmse000183, bmse000968, CHEMBL576, SUCCINIC ACID [MI], SUCCINIC ACID [FCC], A 12084, SUCCINIC ACID [HSDB], SUCCINIC ACID [INCI], SUCCINIC ACID [VANDF], GTPL3637, SUCCINIC ACID [USP-RS], SUCCINIC ACID [WHO-DD], SUCCINICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], BDBM26121, Succinic acid (Butanedioic acid), HMS3885O04, HY-N0420, STR02803, Tox21_111612, Tox21_201918, Tox21_303247, LMFA01170043, NSC-25949, NSC106449, s3791, Succinic acid, >=99%, FCC, FG, Succinic acid, BioXtra, >=99.0%, AKOS000118899, Tox21_111612_1, CCG-266069, DB00139, NCGC00159372-03, NCGC00159372-05, NCGC00159372-06, NCGC00257092-01, NCGC00259467-01, Succinic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, BP-21128, Succinic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%, CS-0008946, FT-0652509, FT-0773657, NS00002272, S0100, Succinic acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Succinic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, EN300-17990, Succinic acid, purum p.a., >=99.0% (T), Succinic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.5%, 1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID (SUCCINIC ACID), C00042, D85169, Succinic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, AB01332192-02, Q213050, SR-01000944556, J-002386, SR-01000944556-2, Z57127453, F2191-0239, 37E8FFFB-70DA-4399-B724-476BD8715EF0, Succinic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Succinic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (T), Succinic acid, matrix substance for MALDI-MS, Y99.5%(T), Succinic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8, 26776-24-9

Succinic Acid is used as a flavoring agent for food and beverages.
Succinic Acid is used to manufacture polyurethanes, paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, artificial leathers, cosmetics and personal care products, biodegradable plastics, nylons, industrial lubricants, phthalate-free plasticizers, and dyes & pigments.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Succinic Acid is used in the preparation of active calcium succinate, as a starting material for active pharmaceutical ingredients (adipic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone, succinate salts, etc.), as an additive in drug formation, for medicines of sedative, antispasmer, antiplegm, antiphogistic, anrhoter, contraception and cancer curing, in the preparation of vitamin A and anti-Inflammatory, and as antidote for toxic substance.

It is a colorless crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Succinic acid is widely distributed in nature and can be found in many plants and animals, as well as in certain microorganisms.
One of the most important roles of succinic acid is its involvement in the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, which is a central metabolic pathway in all aerobic organisms.
In this cycle, succinic acid is an intermediate that is produced from the oxidation of succinyl-CoA and is further converted to fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase.

In addition to its role in metabolism, succinic acid has a wide range of industrial applications.
It is used as an intermediate in the production of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, surfactants, and polymers.
In the food industry, succinic acid is used as an acidity regulator and flavoring agent.
It is also used in the production of some biodegradable plastics and as a component in some medications and supplements.
Succinic acid has been studied for its potential therapeutic properties, including its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
It has also been investigated for its potential use as a platform chemical for the production of renewable fuels and chemicals.

Succinic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 185 °C
Boiling point: 235 °C
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0-0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4002(lit.)
FEMA: 4719 | SUCCINIC ACID
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp: 2-8°C
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone and methanol. Insoluble in toluene, benzene, carbon Disulfide, carbon tetrachloride and petroleum ether.
Pka: 4.16(at 25℃)
Form: Powder/Solid
Color: White to off-white
PH: 3.65(1 mM solution);3.12(10 mM solution);2.61(100 mM solution);
Odor: at 100.00 %. wormwood
Odor Type: herbal
Water Solubility: 80 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,8869
BRN: 1754069
Dielectric constant: 2.4(26℃)
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong bases, strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
InChIKey: KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.59
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-15-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Succinic acid (110-15-6)

Uses
Succinic acid (COOH(CH2)2COOH) is a carboxylic acid used in food (as an acidulant), pharmaceutical (as an excipient), personal care (soaps) and chemical (pesticides, dyes and lacquers) industries.
Bio-based succinic acid is seen as an important platform chemical for the production of biodegradable plastics and as a substitute of several chemicals (such as adipic acid).
Succinic Acid is widely used in the food industry as a chelating agent and as a pH adjuster.
The FDA has granted Succinic Acid with the GRAS status (Generally Recognised as Safe Substance).

Studies conducted within the food industry show Succinic Acid has anti-oxidant properties: even though this does not imply the same will be exerted when the substance is applied topically, it gives an indication that suitable tests could be carried out to understand whether Succinic Acid maintain such effect once formulated in a cosmetic product.
Succinic Acid is also used as an intermediate to manufacture several chemicals, amongst which raw materials for the cosmetic and personal-care industry, e.g. emollients, surfactants and emulsifiers.

Preparation
Succinic acid can also be manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of malic or fumaric acids.
Succinic Acid has also been produced commercially by aqueous acid or alkalihydrolysis of succinonitrile derived from ethylene bromide and potassium cyanide.
Today succinic acid is mainly produced from fossil resources through maleic acid hydrogenation.
Succinic Acid can also be produced through fermentation of sugars. In that case, in addition to succinic acid, other carboxylic acids (such as lactic acid, formic acid, propionic acid) and alcohols (such as ethanol) are also obtained.
SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID)
As a radical group Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is called a succinyl (/ˈsʌksɪnəl/) group.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a white, odorless solid.


CAS Number: 110-15-6
EC Number: 203-740-4
MDL Number: MFCD00002789
Linear Formula: HOOCCH2CH2COOH
Molecular Formula: C4H6O4



SYNONYMS:
succinic acid, butanedioic acid, 110-15-6, Amber acid, Asuccin, Dihydrofumaric acid, Wormwood acid, Katasuccin, Bernsteinsaure, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, ethylenesuccinic acid, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, Wormwood, Succinicum acidum, Butandisaeure, Acidum succinicum, Butanedionic acid, Kyselina jantarova, Butane diacid, Ethylene dicarboxylic acid, acide succinique, Bernsteinsaure [German], Bernsteinsaeure, Kyselina jantarova [Czech], HSDB 791, acide butanedioique, NSC 106449, UNII-AB6MNQ6J6L, AB6MNQ6J6L, AI3-06297, EINECS 203-740-4, MFCD00002789, succ, NSC-106449, BRN 1754069, DTXSID6023602, E363, FEMA NO. 4719, CHEBI:15741, HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH, DTXCID303602, EC 203-740-4, 4-02-00-01908 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC25949, 1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic Acid, NCGC00159372-02, NCGC00159372-04, Succinellite, Sal succini, WLN: QV2VQ, SUCCINIC ACID (II), SUCCINIC ACID [II], SIN, SUCCINIC ACID (MART.), SUCCINIC ACID [MART.], Succinic Acid; Butanedioic acid, Ethylene succinic acid, Ethanedicarboxylic acid, butandisaure, succinic-acid, sodium succinate (anhydrous), SUCCINIC ACID (USP IMPURITY), SUCCINIC ACID [USP IMPURITY], succinate, 9, CAS-110-15-6, ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY), ADIPIC ACID IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], Succinic acid [NF], Succinic acid (8CI), 1,4 Butanedioic Acid, Butanedioic acid (9CI), Dihydrofumarate, Succinicate, Butanedioic acid diammonium salt, 1cze, 1,4-Butanedioate, Succinic acid, 6, Succinic acid, FCC, Succinic Acide,(S), SuccinicAcid(IndustrialGrade&FoodGrade), Succinic acid, 99%, Succinic acid, natural, 4lh2, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate, suc, Succinic acid, ACS grade, bmse000183, bmse000968, CHEMBL576, SUCCINIC ACID [MI], SUCCINIC ACID [FCC], A 12084, SUCCINIC ACID [HSDB], SUCCINIC ACID [VANDF], GTPL3637, SUCCINIC ACID [USP-RS], SUCCINIC ACID [WHO-DD], SUCCINICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], BDBM26121, Succinic acid (Butanedioic acid), HMS3885O04, HY-N0420, STR02803, Tox21_111612, Tox21_201918, Tox21_303247, BBL002473, LMFA01170043, Succinic acid, Amber acid, Asuccin, Bernsteinsaure, Dihydrofumaric acid, Katasuccin, Wormwood acid, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, Ethanedicarboxylic acid, Wormwood, Kyselina jantarova, Acid of amber, Ethylene succinic acid, Sal succini, Salt of amber, Succinellite, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, NSC 106449, Succinate, Butanedioic acid, Butanedioate, Dihydrofumaric acid, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, amber acid, asuccin, dihydrofumaric acid, bernsteinsaure, katasuccin, wormwood acid, succinate, ethylenesuccinic acid, 1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid, Butanedioic Acid-13C2, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic Acid-13C2, 1,4-Butanedioic Acid-13C2, A 12084-13C2, Amber Acid-13C2, Asuccin-13C2, Dihydrofumaric Acid-13C2, Katasuccin-13C2, Wormwood Acid-13C2, Yantar-antitox-13C2, Butanedioic-1,4-13C2 acid, Succinic-1,4-13C2 acid, SA,Butanedioic acid,AMBER ACID,Wormwood,008008-93-3,Succnic acid,Succinic acid(N),SUCCINIC ACID FCC,Succinic acid ACS,Succinic acid, 99%, NSC-25949, NSC106449, s3791, STK387105, Succinic acid, >=99%, FCC, FG, Succinic acid, BioXtra, >=99.0%, AKOS000118899, Tox21_111612_1, CCG-266069, DB00139, NCGC00159372-03, NCGC00159372-05, NCGC00159372-06, NCGC00257092-01, NCGC00259467-01, Succinic acid, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, BP-21128, Succinic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%, CS-0008946, NS00002272, S0100, Succinic acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, Succinic acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%, EN300-17990, Succinic acid, purum p.a., >=99.0% (T), Succinic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.5%, 1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID (SUCCINIC ACID), C00042, D85169, Succinic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, AB01332192-02, Q213050, SR-01000944556, J-002386, SR-01000944556-2, Z57127453, F2191-0239, 37E8FFFB-70DA-4399-B724-476BD8715EF0, Succinic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Succinic acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5% (T), matrix substance for MALDI-MS, Y99.5%(T), Succinic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8, Succinic acid, matrix substance for MALDI-MS, >=99.5% (T), Ultra pure, Succinic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Succinic acid, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, Succinic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 26776-24-9, Butanedioic acid, Succinic acid, Butanedioic acid, Succinic acid, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, 1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylate, 1,2-Ethanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4 Butanedioic acid, 1,4-Butanedioate, 1,4-Butanedioic acid, 1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID (SUCCINIC ACID), 1cze, 2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucose, 2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucose, Amber acid, Asuccin, butanedioic acid, ion(2-), Dihydrofumarate, Dihydrofumaric acid, Katasuccin, Succinate, Wormwood acid, Acide butanedioique, Acide succinique, Acidum succinicum, Bernsteinsaeure, Butandisaeure, Butanedionic acid, e363, Ethylenesuccinic acid, HOOC-CH2-CH2-COOH, Spirit OF amber, Butanedionate, Ethylenesuccinate, 1,2 Ethanedicarboxylic acid, 1,4 Butanedioic acid, Ammonium succinate, Butanedioic acid, Potassium succinate, Succinate, ammonium, Succinate, potassium, 2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose, D-GlcNAc, N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-Acetylchitosamine, N Acetyl D glucosamine, 2 Acetamido 2 deoxy D glucose, 2 Acetamido 2 deoxyglucose, 2-Acetamido-2-deoxyglucose, Acetylglucosamine



Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a white, odorless solid.
In an aqueous solution, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) ionizes to anions (that is, conjugates to a conjugate base) called succinate , which plays a role in the citric acid cycle


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a four-carbon acyclic dicarboxylic acid.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a white, odorless solid with a highly acidic taste.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as a flavoring agent, contributing a sour and astringent component characteristic of the umami taste.


The anion, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), is a key component of the citric acid or TCA cycle and is capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) dehydrogenase (SDH) plays an important role in mitochondrial function, being both part of the respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle.


SDH, with a covalently attached FAD prosthetic group, is able to bind several different enzyme substrates (succinate and fumarate) and physiological regulators (oxaloacetate and ATP).
Oxidizing succinate links SDH to the fast-cycling Krebs cycle portion where it participates in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA throughout the entire Krebs cycle.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has been found to be associated with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria, which is an inborn error of metabolism.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also a microbial metabolite. Indeed, urinary succinic acid is produced by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Enterobacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Proteus mirabilis, Citrobactes frundii, Enterococcus faecalis.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also found in Actinobacillus, Anaerobiospirillum, Mannheimia, Corynebacterium and Basfia.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid that occurs naturally in plant and animal tissues.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also known as “Spirit of Amber.”
When it was first discovered, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) was extracted from amber by pulverizing and distilling it using a sand bath.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a carboxylic acid used in food (as an acidulant), pharmaceutical (as an excipient), personal care (soaps) and chemical (pesticides, dyes and lacquers) industries.
Bio-based Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is seen as an important platform chemical for the production of biodegradable plastics and as a substitute of several chemicals (such as adipic acid).


Studies conducted within the food industry show Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has anti-oxidant properties: even though this does not imply the same will be exerted when the substance is applied topically, it gives an indication that suitable tests could be carried out to understand whether Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) maintain such effect once formulated in a cosmetic product.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also used as an intermediate to manufacture several chemicals, amongst which raw materials for the cosmetic and personal-care industry, e.g. emollients, surfactants and emulsifiers.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid with a pair of carboxylic acid functional groups.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is widely used in the food industry as a chelating agent and as a pH adjuster.
The FDA has granted Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) with the GRAS status (Generally Recognised as Safe Substance).
The terminal carboxylic acid groups can react with primary amine groups in the presence of activators (e.g. EDC, or HATU) to form a stable amide bond.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a calcium salt of succinic acid that can be used as a chemical reagent.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has been shown to have protective effects against ischemic preconditioning, which may be due to its ability to inhibit the production of nitric oxide.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a crystalline carboxylic acid, HOOC(CH2)2COOH, that occurs in amber and certain plants.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) forms during the fermentation of sugar (sucrose).
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a white crystals or shiny white odorless crystalline powder. pH of 0.1 molar solution: 2.7.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has very acid taste.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), also referred to as butanedioic acid, is an organic acid, which can be synthesized by various microorganisms from different carbon sources.


In living organisms, succinic acid takes the form of an anion, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), which has multiple biological roles as a metabolic intermediate being converted into fumarate by the enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in complex 2 of the electron transport chain which is involved in making ATP, and as a signaling molecule reflecting the cellular metabolic state.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is generated in mitochondria via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can exit the mitochondrial matrix and function in the cytoplasm as well as the extracellular space, changing gene expression patterns, modulating epigenetic landscape or demonstrating hormone-like signaling.


As such, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) links cellular metabolism, especially ATP formation, to the regulation of cellular function.
Dysregulation of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used synthesis, and therefore ATP synthesis, happens in some genetic mitochondrial diseases, such as Leigh syndrome, and Melas syndrome, and degradation can lead to pathological conditions, such as malignant transformation, inflammation and tissue injury.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is marketed as food additive E363.
The name of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) derives from Latin succinum, meaning amber.
In 2004, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) was placed on the US Department of Energy's list of top 12 platform chemicals from biomass.


Acylation with Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is called succination.
Oversuccination occurs when more than one Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) adds to a substrate
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) appears as white crystals or shiny white odorless crystalline powder.


pH of 0.1 molar solution of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is 2.7.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has very acid taste.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid resulting from the formal oxidation of each of the terminal methyl groups of butane to the corresponding carboxy group.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has a role as a nutraceutical, a radiation protective agent, an anti-ulcer drug, a micronutrient and a fundamental metabolite.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a C4-dicarboxylic acid.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a conjugate acid of a succinate(1-).
A water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) (/səkˈsɪnɪk/) is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)2(CO2H)2.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis, Phomopsis velata, and other organisms with data available.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid.
The anion, succinate, is a component of the citric acid cycle capable of donating electrons to the electron transfer chain.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is created as a byproduct of the fermentation of sugar.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) lends to fermented beverages such as wine and beer a common taste that is a combination of saltiness, bitterness and acidity.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a common intermediate in the metabolic pathway of several anaerobic and facultative micro-organisms.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a water-soluble, colorless crystal with an acid taste that is used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), a dicarboxylic acid, is a relatively new nonhygroscopic product approved for food uses.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid)'s apparent taste characteristics in foods appear to be very similar to the other acidulants of this type, although pure aqueous solutions tend to have a slightly bitter taste.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as a starting material in the synthesis of new elastic polyesters, fumaric acid, succinic anhydride and alkyd resins.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid)'s derivative viz diethyl ester is used as a substrate in the Stobbe condensation.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used crystallization grade pH 7 for formulating screens or for optimization.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) plays an important role as an acidity regulator in the food and beverage industry, as an excipient in pharmaceutical products and acts as a cocrystallising agent in organic synthesis.


Drugs involving succinate include metoprolol Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), sumatriptan succinate, Doxylamine succinate or solifenacin succinate.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in the following products: adsorbents, fertilisers, inks and toners, washing & cleaning products, water softeners, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, perfumes and fragrances, pharmaceuticals, polymers and cosmetics and personal care products.


Other release to the environment of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), or its anion succinate, is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical products to control acidity or as a counter ion.


In 2004, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) was identified by the Department of Energy of the United States of America as one of twelve molecules that can be produced from plant sugars through biological or chemical processes and that have a potential to subsequently be converted to a number of high-value bio-based chemicals or materials.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) was primarily used externally for rheumatic aches and pains.
Almost infinite esters can be obtained from carboxylic acids.
Esters are produced by combining an acid with an alcohol and removal of a water molecule.


Carboxylic acid esters are used in a variety of direct and indirect applications.
Lower chain esters are used as flavoring base materials, plasticizers, solvent carriers and coupling agents.
Higher chain compounds are used as components in metalworking fluids, surfactants, lubricants, detergents, oiling agents, emulsifiers, wetting agents, textile treatments and emollients.


Esters are also used as intermediates for the manufacture of a variety of target compounds.
The almost infinite esters provide a wide range of viscosity, specific gravity, vapor pressure, boiling point, and other physical and chemical properties for the proper application selections.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as a flavoring agent for food and beverages.
Producing five heterocyclic compounds, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as an intermediate for dyes, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals, alkyd resins, plasticizers, metal treatment chemicals, and coatings.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also used in the manufacture of medicines for sedatives, antispasmers, antiplegm, antiphogistic, anrhoers, contraceptives, and cancer-curing.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, anti-freeze products, metal surface treatment products, heat transfer fluids, hydraulic fluids, washing & cleaning products, fertilisers, water softeners and cosmetics and personal care products.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction, health services and scientific research and development.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used for the manufacture of: and plastic products. Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, water softeners, cosmetics and personal care products, non-metal-surface treatment products, inks and toners, paper chemicals and dyes and polymers.
Release to the environment of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal surface treatment products, leather treatment products, metal working fluids and laboratory chemicals.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in the following areas: municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and scientific research and development.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products and textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, in the production of articles and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) was identified in essential oil from Saxifraga stolonifera and has antibacterial activity.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is widely use as organic intermediates for the pharmaceutical, engineering plastics, resins etc.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used for the synthesis of sedatives, contraceptives and cancer drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in the chemical industry for the production of dyes, alkyd resin, glass fiber reinforced plastics, ion exchange resins and pesticides.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is an acidulant that is commercially prepared by the hydrogenation of maleic or fumaric acid.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a nonhygroscopic acid but is more soluble in 25°c water than fumaric and adipic acid.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has low acid strength and slow taste build-up.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is not a substitute for normal acidulants.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) combines with proteins in modifying the plasticity of bread dough. Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) functions as an acidulant and flavor enhancer in relishes, beverages, and hot sausages.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as an analytical reagent for the determination of nitrate reductase activity in biological samples.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also used as a reagent for coordination geometry in organic chemistry.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has a wide range of applications in agricultural, food and pharmaceutical industries.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also utilized as a raw material in the industrial chemical synthesis of numerous chemicals including adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone, succinate salts and γ-butyrolactone.
In addition, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can also be used in the synthesis of biodegradable polymers such as polybutyrate succinate (PBS), polyamides and green solvents.


Succinic anhydride, in contrast, is the only commercially available anhydride for food uses.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as a dietary supplement for symptoms related to menopause such as hot flashes and irritability.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as a flavoring agent for food and beverages.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used to manufacture polyurethanes, paints and coatings, adhesives, sealants, artificial leathers, cosmetics and personal care products, biodegradable plastics, nylons, industrial lubricants, phthalate-free plasticizers, and dyes & pigments.


In the pharmaceutical industry, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in the preparation of active calcium succinate, as a starting material for active pharmaceutical ingredients (adipic acid, N-methyl pyrrolidinone, 2-pyrrolidinone, succinate salts, etc.), as an additive in drug formation, for medicines of sedative, antispasmer, antiplegm, antiphogistic, anrhoter, contraception and cancer curing, in the preparation of vitamin A and anti-Inflammatory, and as antidote for toxic substance.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is commonly used as a chemical intermediate, in medicine, the manufacture of lacquers, and to make perfume esters.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) plays a role in the citric acid cycle, an energy-yielding process and is metabolized by succinate dehydrogenase to fumarate.


Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) dehydrogenase (SDH) plays an important role in the mitochondria, being both part of the respiratory chain and the Krebs cycle.
SDH with a covalently attached FAD prosthetic group, binds enzyme substrates (succinate and fumarate) and physiological regulators (oxaloacetate and ATP).


Oxidizing Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) links SDH to the fast-cycling Krebs cycle portion where it participates in the breakdown of acetyl-CoA throughout the whole Krebs cycle.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can readily be imported into the mitochondrial matrix by the n-butylmalonate- (or phenylsuccinate-) sensitive dicarboxylate carrier in exchange with inorganic phosphate or another organic acid, e.g. malate.


Mutations in the four genes encoding the subunits of succinate dehydrogenase are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations (i.e.: Huntington's disease.
Succinate also acts as an oncometabolite.


Succinate inhibits 2-oxoglutarate-dependent histone and DNA demethylase enzymes, resulting in epigenetic silencing that affects neuroendocrine differentiation.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also used in foods as a sequestrant, buffer, and a neutralizing agent.


-Precursor to polymers, resins, and solvents:
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a precursor to some polyesters and a component of some alkyd resins.
1,4-Butanediol (BDO) can be synthesized using succinic acid as a precursor.

The automotive and electronics industries heavily rely on BDO to produce connectors, insulators, wheel covers, gearshift knobs and reinforcing beams.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) also serves as the bases of certain biodegradable polymers, which are of interest in tissue engineering applications.


-Food and dietary supplement:
As a food additive and dietary supplement, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is generally recognized as safe by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used primarily as an acidity regulator in the food and beverage industry.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also available as a flavoring agent, contributing a somewhat sour and astringent component to umami taste.
As an excipient in pharmaceutical products, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also used to control acidity or as a counter ion.
Drugs involving succinate include metoprolol succinate, sumatriptan Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), Doxylamine succinate or solifenacin succinate.



BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) and its derivatives are used as flavoring agents for food and beverages.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) could be used as feedstock for dyes, insecticides, perfumes, lacquers, as well as in the manufacture of clothing, paint, links, and fibers.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is widely used in medicine as an antistress, antihypoxic, and immunity-improving agent, in animal diets, and as a stimulator of plant growth.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also a component of bio-based polymers such as nylons or polyesters.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) esters are precursors for the known petrochemical products such as 1,4-butanediol, tetrahydrofuran, c-butyrolactone, and various pyrrolidinone derivatives.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) production by Y. lipolytica was reported for the first time when it was grown on ethanol under aerobic conditions and nitrogen limitation.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) amount was 63.4 g/L as the major product of batch fermentation in this process.
However, the disadvantage was low yield of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) on ethanol (58 %), and a high cost of production.
Kamzolova et al. developed a novel process for the production of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid).

It includes the synthesis of a-ketoglutaric acid by a thiamine-auxotrophic strain Y. lipolytica VKMY-2412 from n-alkanes, and subsequent oxidation of the acid by hydrogen peroxide to Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid).
The concentration of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) and its yield were found to be 38.8 g/L and 82.45 % of n-alkane consumed, respectively.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) production was also studied by genetically modified strains using glucose and glycerol as substrates.
Yuzbashev et al. constructed temperaturesensitive mutant strains with mutations in the Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) dehydrogenase encoding gene SDH1 by in vitro mutagenesis-based approach.

Then, the mutants were used to optimize the composition of the media for selection of transformants with the deletion in the SDH2 gene.
The defects of each Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) dehydrogenase subunit prevented the growth on glucose, but the mutant strains grew on glycerol and produced succinate in the presence of the buffering agent CaCO3.

Subsequent selection of the strain with deleted SDH2 gene for increased viability was allowed to obtain a strain that is capable to accumulate Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) at the level of more than 450 g/L with buffering and more than 17 g/L without buffering.
Therefore, a reduced Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) dehydrogenase activity can lead to an increased succinate production.

Y. lipolytica is able to produce Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) at low pH values.
High amounts of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can be achieved by genetic engineering



OTHER ANIONS OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
*sodium succinate



RELATED CARBOXYLIC ACIDS OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
*propionic acid
*malonic acid
*butyric acid
*malic acid
*tartaric acid
*fumaric acid
*valeric acid
*glutaric acid



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
*Fatty acids and conjugates
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
*Fatty acid
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



FEATURES OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
*Sterile filtered solution
*Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (


COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Historically, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) was obtained from amber by distillation and has thus been known as spirit of amber.
Common industrial routes include hydrogenation of maleic acid, oxidation of 1,4-butanediol, and carbonylation of ethylene glycol. Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also produced from butane via maleic anhydride.
Global production of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is estimated at 16,000 to 30,000 tons a year, with an annual growth rate of 10%.



CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can be dehydrogenated to fumaric acid or be converted to diesters, such as diethylsuccinate (CH2CO2CH2CH3)2.
This diethyl ester is a substrate in the Stobbe condensation. Dehydration of succinic acid gives succinic anhydride.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can be used to derive 1,4-butanediol, maleic anhydride, succinimide, 2-pyrrolidinone and tetrahydrofuran.



BIOCHEM/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a byproduct of anaerobic fermentation in microbes.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a dicarboxylic acid and an intermediate in Kreb′s cycle.

Polymorphism in Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) dehydrogenase leads to succinate accumulation.
High levels of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) impair 2-oxoglutarate epigenetic signalling.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) levels may modulate tumor progression.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) inhibits histone demethylation and may contribute to epigenetic changes.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is crucial for interleukin-1 β (IL-1β) synthesis during inflammation and immune signalling.



OCCURRENCE OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is found in all plant and animal materials as a result of the central metabolic role played by this dicarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) concentrations are monitored in the manufacture of numerous foodstuffs and beverages, including wine, soy sauce, soy bean flour, fruit juice and dairy products (e.g. cheese).

The ripening process of apples can be followed by monitoring the falling levels of succinic acid.
The occurrence of > 5 mg/kg of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) in egg and egg products is indicative of microbial contamination.
Apart from use as a flavouring agent in the food and beverage industries, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) finds many other non-food applications, such as in the production of dyes, drugs, perfumes, lacquers, photographic chemicals and coolants.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is widely distributed in almost all plants, animals and microorganisms where it is a common intermediate in the intermediary metabolism.
A way to utilise this is with fermentation of biomass by microorganisms.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is therefore a good candidate for biobased industrial production.

A concept for a large scale production plant is patented by the company Diversified Natural Products.
The plant consists of a fermentation stage and a separation stage.
During the separations the Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) produced in the fermenter is crystallised to the final product, succinic acid.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a normal constituent of almost all plant and animal tissues.
Succinic anhydride is the dehydration product of the acid. Succinic acid was first obtained as the distillate from amber (Latin, Succinum) for which it is named.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) occurs in beet, brocoli, rhubarb, sauerkraut, cheese, meat, molasses, eggs, peat, coal, fruits, honey, and urine.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is formed by the chemical and biochemical oxidation of fats, by alcoholic fermentation of sugar, and in numerous catalyzed oxidation processes.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is also a major byproduct in the manufacture of adipic acid.



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is slightly water soluble.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) reacts exothermically to neutralize bases, both organic and inorganic.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions are slow in the dry, but systems may absorb water from the air to allow corrosion of iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) reacts slowly with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) reacts with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) may generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.

Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) may react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can be oxidized exothermically by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) may initiate polymerization reactions.



BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Traditionally, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is produced by petrochemical synthesis using the precursor maleic acid.
However, there are some microorganisms that are able to produce Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) (e.g. Actinobacillus succinogenes, Anaerobiospirillum succiniciproducens and Mannheimia succiniciproducens).

Maximum product concentrations of 106 g.L-1 with a yield of 1.25 mol of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) per mole of glucose and a productivity of 1.36 g.L-1.h-1 have been achieved by growing A. succinogenes on glucose .
A high productivity of 10.40 g.L-1.h-1 has been reached with A. succinogenes growing on a complex medium with glucose in a continuous process with an integrated membrane bioreactor-electrodialysis process.

In this process, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) concentration has been 83 g.L-1 .
Moreover, metabolic engineering methods were used to develop strains (e.g. C. glutamicum, E. coli, S. cervisiae and Y. lipolytica) with high productivity and titer as well as low byproduct formation.

For example, growing C. glutamicum strain DldhA-pCRA717 on a defined medium with glucose, a high productivity of 11.80 g.L-1.h-1 with a yield of 1.37 mol of Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) per mole of glucose and a titer of 83 g.L-1 has been reported after 7 h.
An extended cultivation resulted in a product concentration of 146 g.L-1 after 46 h.



PREPARATION OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can also be manufactured by catalytic hydrogenation of malic or fumaric acids.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) has also been produced commercially by aqueous acid or alkalihydrolysis of succinonitrile derived from ethylene bromide and potassium cyanide.

Today Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is mainly produced from fossil resources through maleic acid hydrogenation.
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) can also be produced through fermentation of sugars.
In that case, in addition to Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), other carboxylic acids (such as lactic acid, formic acid, propionic acid) and alcohols (such as ethanol) are also obtained.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid),C02H(CH2)2C02H, also known as butanedioic acid,butane diacid, and amber acid, is a colorless odorless prisms or white crystalline powder that melts at 185°C (364 of).
Soluble in water and alcohol, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used as a chemical intermediate,
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is used in lacquers,medicine,dyes,and as a taste modifier.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is a white, odorless solid with a highly acidic taste.
In an aqueous solution, succinic acid readily ionizes to form its conjugate base, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) (/ˈsʌksɪneɪt/).

As a diprotic acid, Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) undergoes two successive deprotonation reactions:
(CH2)2(CO2H)2 → (CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− + H+
(CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2)− → (CH2)2(CO2)22− + H+

The pKa of these processes are 4.3 and 5.6, respectively.
Both anions are colorless and can be isolated as the salts, e.g., Na(CH2)2(CO2H)(CO2) and Na2(CH2)2(CO2)2.
In living organisms, primarily Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid), not succinic acid, is found.
As a radical group Succinic Acid (1,4-Butanedioic acid) is called a succinyl (/ˈsʌksɪnəl/) group.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
pKa: 4.16 (at 25°C)
Form: Powder/Solid
Color: White to off-white
pH: 3.65 (1 mM solution); 3.12 (10 mM solution); 2.61 (100 mM solution)
Odor: Wormwood at 100%
Odor Type: Herbal
Water Solubility: 80 g/L (20°C)
Merck: 14,8869
BRN: 1754069
Dielectric Constant: 2.4 (26°C)
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.59

CAS DataBase Reference: 110-15-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA 21 CFR: 184.1091; 582.1091
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): SUCCINIC ACID
SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances): Succinic acid
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: AB6MNQ6J6L
NIST Chemistry Reference: Butanedioic acid(110-15-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Succinic acid (110-15-6)
Molecular Weight: 118.09 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 3

Exact Mass: 118.02660867 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.02660867 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 92.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS Number: 110-15-6
Molecular Weight: 118.09
EC Number: 203-740-4
Chemical Formula: C4H6O4
Molar Mass: 118.088 g·mol−1
Density: 1.56 g/cm3
Melting Point: 184–190 °C (363–374 °F; 457–463 K)
Boiling Point: 235 °C (455 °F; 508 K)
Solubility in Water: 58 g/L (20 °C) or 100 mg/mL
Solubility in Methanol: 158 mg/mL
Solubility in Ethanol: 54 mg/mL
Solubility in Acetone: 27 mg/mL
Solubility in Glycerol: 50 mg/mL
Solubility in Ether: 8.8 mg/mL

Acidity (pKa): pKa1 = 4.2, pKa2 = 5.6
Magnetic Susceptibility (χ): -57.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Physical State: Crystalline
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
IUPAC Name: Butanedioic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: Succinic acid
Formula: C4H6O4
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)
InChI Key: KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 118.088
Exact Mass: 118.02660868
SMILES: OC(=O)CCC(O)=O
CAS Number: 110-15-6
Molecular Formula: C4H6O4

Molecular Weight: 118.09 g/mol
MDL Number: MFCD00002789
InChI Key: KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 1110
ChEBI: CHEBI:15741
IUPAC Name: Butanedioic acid
SMILES: OC(=O)CCC(O)=O
Melting Point: 185°C
Color: White
pH: 2.7
Boiling Point: 235°C
Formula Weight: 118.09 g/mol
Physical Form: Powder
Water Solubility: 211 g/L
logP: -0.53
logP: -0.4
logS: 0.25

pKa (Strongest Acidic): 3.55
Physiological Charge: -2
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Donor Count: 2
Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Refractivity: 23.54 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 10.14 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Chemical Formula: C4H6O4
IUPAC Name: Butanedioic acid
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)
InChI Key: KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: OC(=O)CCC(O)=O
Average Molecular Weight: 118.088
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 118.02660868
CAS Number: 110-15-6
EC Number: 203-740-4
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₄
Chemical Formula: HOOCCH₂CH₂COOH
Molar Mass: 118.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 19 80
Boiling Point: 235 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.57 g/cm3 (25 °C)

Ignition Temperature: 470 °C
Melting Point: 188 °C
pH Value: 2.7 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk Density: 940 kg/m3
Solubility: 58 g/l
CAS Number: 110-15-6
Weight: Average: 118.088
Monoisotopic: 118.02660868
InChI Key: KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O4/c5-3(6)1-2-4(7)8/h1-2H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8)
IUPAC Name: Butanedioic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: Succinic acid
Chemical Formula: C4H6O4
SMILES: [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(=O)O[H]

CBNumber: CB9852802
Molecular Formula: C4H6O4 Lewis structure
Molecular Weight: 118.09
MDL Number: MFCD00002789
MOL File: 110-15-6.mol
Melting Point: 185 °C
Boiling Point: 235 °C
Density: 1.19 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 0-0 Pa at 25℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.4002 (lit.)
FEMA: 4719 | SUCCINIC ACID
Flash Point: >230 °F
Storage Temperature: 2-8°C
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, and methanol.
Insoluble in toluene, benzene, carbon disulfide, carbon tetrachloride, and petroleum ether



FIRST AID MEASURES of SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SUCCINIC ACID (1,4-BUTANEDIOIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


Succinoglycan gum
Splenda; EINECS 259-952-2; 1',4,6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose; E955; (2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol; Trichlorosucrose; UNII-96K6UQ3ZD4 CAS NO: 56038-13-2
Sucralose
cas no 57-50-1 α-D-Glc-(1→2)-β-D-Fru, α-D-Glucopyranosyl β-D-fructofuranoside, β-D-Fructofuranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside, D(+)-Saccharose, Sugar; Sucrose;
SUCRALOSE
ucralose is the only non-caloric sweetener made from sugar.
Sucralose is in fact the latest non nutritive sweetener to have been approved by US FDA and other regulatory bodies and have hit the markets.
Sucralose is derived from sugar through a multi-step patented manufacturing process that selectively substitutes three atoms of chlorine for three hydroxyl groups on the sugar molecule.

CAS: 56038-13-2
MF: C12H19Cl3O8
MW: 397.63
EINECS: 259-952-2

Sucralose is a disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.
Sucralose has a role as an environmental contaminant, a xenobiotic and a sweetening agent.
Sucralose is a disaccharide derivative and an organochlorine compound.
Sucralose is an artificial sweetener and sugar substitute.
The majority of ingested sucralose is not broken down by the body, so it is noncaloric.
In the European Union, Sucralose is also known under the E number E955.
Sucralose is produced by chlorination of sucrose, selectively replacing three of the hydroxy groups—in the C1 and C6 positions of fructose and the C4 position of glucose—to give a 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose–4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose disaccharide.

Sucralose is about 320 to 1,000 times sweeter than sucrose, three times as sweet as both aspartame and acesulfame potassium, and twice as sweet as sodium saccharin.
While sucralose is largely considered shelf-stable and safe for use at elevated temperatures (such as in baked goods), there is some evidence that Sucralose begins to break down at temperatures above 119 °C (246 °F).
The commercial success of sucralose-based products stems from its favorable comparison to other low-calorie sweeteners in terms of taste, stability and safety.
Sucralose is commonly sold under the Splenda brand name.

This change produces a sweetener that has no calories, yet is 600 times sweeter than sucrose, making it roughly twice as sweet as saccharin and four times as sweet as aspartame.
A disaccharide derivative consisting of 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranose and 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranose units linked by a glycosidic bond.
Certified pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to pharmacopeia primary standards.
Sucralose is a polar, chlorinated sugar synthesized from saccharose precursor.
Sucralose is widely used as a sweetener in a number of food and beverage products.

Sucralose is marketed as Splenda, an artificial sweetener that often comes in a yellow packet.
The difference between Splenda and other sweeteners, like aspartame (Equal) and saccharin (Sweet’N Low), is that Sucralose’s actually made from real sugar.
This gives Sucralose a taste that is generally more preferable compared to other artificial sweeteners.
Sucralose is chemically changed so that it’s 600 times sweeter than real sugar with almost no calories.

Sucralose doesn’t leave an aftertaste in your mouth, so sucralose is used in foods like yogurt, candy, ice cream, and soda.
In addition to being changed for taste, sucralose is also altered so that most of it passes through your body instead of being stored to later use as energy.
To make sucralose almost calorie-free, some naturally occurring parts of the sugar molecule, called hydroxyl, are swapped out for chlorine.

Sucralose is a zero calorie artificial sweetener, and Splenda is the most common sucralose-based product.
Sucralose is made from sugar in a multistep chemical process in which three hydroxyl groups are replaced with chlorine atoms.
Supposedly, Sucralose was discovered in 1976 when a scientist at a British college allegedly misheard instructions about testing a substance.
Instead, he tasted it, realizing that it was highly sweet.
The companies Tate & Lyle and Johnson & Johnson then jointly developed Splenda products.
Sucralose was introduced in the United States in 1998 and is one of the most popular sweeteners in the country.
Splenda is commonly used as a sugar substitute in both cooking and baking.
Sucralose’s also added to thousands of food products worldwide.
Sucralose is calorie-free, but Splenda also contains the carbohydrates dextrose (glucose) and maltodextrin, which brings the calorie content up to 3.36 calories per gram (g).
However, the total calories and carbs Splenda contributes to your diet are negligible, as you only need tiny amounts each time.
Sucralose is because sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar.

Sucralose Chemical Properties
Melting point: 115-1018°C
Boiling point: 104-107 C
Alpha: D +68.2° (c = 1.1 in ethanol)
Density: 1.375 g/cm
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Do you have solubility information on this product that you would like to share
Form: Powder
pka: 12.52±0.70(Predicted)
Color: White
PH: 6-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20°C)
Odor: wh. cryst. powd., odorless, sweet taste
Optical activity: [α]/D 86.0±2.0°, c = 1 in H2O
Water Solubility: Soluble in Water.
Merck: 14,8880
BRN: 3654410
Stability: Hygroscopic
LogP: -0.51 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 56038-13-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: .alpha.-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy- (56038-13-2)
Sucralose is a white to off-white colored, free-flowing, crystalline powder.

Uses
Sucralose (1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-p-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-oc- D-galactopyra- noside) is a nonnutritive sweetener based on sucrose.
Sucralose is selectively chlorinated and the glycoside link between the two rings is resistant to hydrolysis by acid or enzymes, so it is not metabolized.
Sucralose has 400 to 800 times the sweetness of sucrose, is very soluble in water, and is stable in heat.
Sucralose can be used in food products that are baked or fried.
Sucralose is produced by the selective chlorination of the sucrose molecule using a patented process by Tate and LyIe that replaces the three hydroxyl groups (OH) with three chlorine (Cl) atoms.
This modified sugar is minimally absorbed by the body and passes out unchanged.
Sucralose was approved for use in foods and beverages in 1999 in the United States.

High intensity sweetener manufactured by replacing three hydroxyl groups on the sucrose molecule with three chlorine atoms.
The results are a sweetener of 0 cal that is not digested.
Sucralose is 600 times as sweet as sugar with a similar flavor profile.
Sucralose is heat stable, readily soluble, and maintains its stability at elevated temperatures.
Sucralose has been approved for use in specific categories that include baked products, beverages, confectioneries, and certain desserts and toppings.

Sucralose is used in many food and beverage products because it is a no-calorie sweetener, does not promote dental cavities, is safe for consumption by diabetics and nondiabetics, and does not affect insulin levels, although the powdered form of sucralose-based sweetener product Splenda (as most other powdered sucralose products) contains 95% (by volume) bulking agents dextrose and maltodextrin that do affect insulin levels.
Sucralose is used as a replacement for (or in combination with) other artificial or natural sweeteners such as aspartame, acesulfame potassium or high-fructose corn syrup.
Sucralose is used in products such as candy, breakfast bars, coffee pods, and soft drinks.
Sucralose is also used in canned fruits wherein water and sucralose take the place of much higher calorie corn syrup-based additives.
Sucralose mixed with dextrose or maltodextrin (both made from corn) as bulking agents is sold internationally by McNeil Nutritionals under the Splenda brand name.
In the United States and Canada, this blend is increasingly found in restaurants in yellow packets.

Cooking
Sucralose is available in a granulated form that allows same-volume substitution with sugar. This mix of granulated sucralose includes fillers, all of which rapidly dissolve in water.
While the granulated sucralose provides apparent volume-for-volume sweetness, the texture in baked products may be noticeably different.
Sucralose is not hygroscopic, which can lead to baked goods that are noticeably drier and manifest a less dense texture than those made with sucrose.
Unlike sucrose, which melts when baked at high temperatures, sucralose maintains its granular structure when subjected to dry, high heat (e.g., in a 180 °C or 350 °F oven).
Furthermore, in its pure state, sucralose begins to decompose at 119 °C (246 °F).
Thus, in some recipes, such as crème brûlée, which require sugar sprinkled on top to partially or fully melt and crystallize, substituting sucralose does not result in the same surface texture, crispness, or crystalline structure.

Production Methods
Sucralose may be prepared by a variety of methods that involve the selective substitution of three sucrose hydroxyl groups by chlorine.
Sucralose can also be synthesized by the reaction of sucrose (or an acetate) with thionyl chloride.

Chemistry and production
Sucralose is a disaccharide composed of 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxyfructose and 4-chloro-4-deoxygalactose.
Sucralose is synthesized by the selective chlorination of sucrose in a multistep route that substitutes three specific hydroxyl groups with chlorine atoms.
This chlorination is achieved by selective protection of one of the primary alcohols as an ester (acetate or benzoate), followed by chlorination with an excess of any of several chlorinating agent to replace the two remaining primary alcohols and one of the secondary alcohols, and then by hydrolysis of the ester.

Effect on caloric content
Though sucralose contains no calories, products that contain fillers such as dextrose and/or maltodextrin add about 2–4 calories per teaspoon or individual packet, depending on the product, the fillers used, brand, and the intended use of the product.
The FDA allows for any product containing fewer than five calories per serving to be labeled as "zero calories".

Biochem/physiol Actions
A synthetic sweet tastant detectable by humans.
Activates T1R2/T1R3 sweet taste receptors on enteroendocrine cells and elicits increased hormonal secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotrophic peptide.

Environmental effects
According to one study, sucralose is digestible by a number of microorganisms and is broken down once released into the environment.
However, measurements by the Swedish Environmental Research Institute have shown sewage treatment has little effect on sucralose, which is present in wastewater effluents at levels of several μg/L (ppb).

No ecotoxicological effects are known at such levels, but the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency warns a continuous increase in levels may occur if the compound is only slowly degraded in nature.
When heated to very high temperatures (over 350 °C or 662 °F) in metal containers, sucralose can produce polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and other persistent organic pollutants in the resulting smoke.
Sucralose has been detected in natural waters, but research indicates that the levels found in the environment are far below those required to cause adverse effects to certain kinds of aquatic life.

Synonyms
Sucralose
56038-13-2
Trichlorosucrose
Splenda
Aspasvit
EINECS 259-952-2
1',4,6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose
UNII-96K6UQ3ZD4
96K6UQ3ZD4
Sucrazit
Trichlorogalactosucrose
CHEBI:32159
BRN 3654410
Sansweet su 100
CCRIS 8449
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
Trichlorogalacto-sucrose
DTXSID1040245
HSDB 7964
San sweet sa 8020
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
NSC-759272
INS NO.955
CHEMBL3185084
DTXCID9020245
INS-955
alpha-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-
NSC 759272
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
4,1',6'-trichlorogalactosucrose
SUCRALOSE (II)
SUCRALOSE [II]
1',4',6'-TRICHLORO-GALACTOSUCROSE
Acucar Light
E-955
SUCRALOSE (MART.)
SUCRALOSE [MART.]
SUCRALOSE (USP-RS)
SUCRALOSE [USP-RS]
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol
.alpha.-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-
SUCRALOSE (EP MONOGRAPH)
SUCRALOSE [EP MONOGRAPH]
4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galacto-sucrose
E955;Trichlorosucrose
CAS-56038-13-2
Sucralose [BAN:NF]
E955
Sucralose; 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-d-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-d-galactopyranoside
SUCRALOSE [FCC]
SUCRALOSE [MI]
SUCRALOSE [INCI]
SCHEMBL3686
SUCRALOSE [WHO-DD]
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactose
Sucralose, analytical standard
HMS2093H16
Pharmakon1600-01505953
HY-N0614
Sucralose, >=98.0% (HPLC)
Tox21_113658
Tox21_201752
Tox21_303425
BDBM50367128
NSC759272
s4214
AKOS015962432
CCG-213995
CS-8130
NCGC00249110-01
NCGC00249110-03
NCGC00249110-04
NCGC00257400-01
NCGC00259301-01
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4-diol
1-(1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl)-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
SBI-0206860.P001
Sucralose 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
1',4',6'-Trideoxy-trichloro-galactosucrose
A22902
AB01563242_01
AB01563242_02
Q410209
SR-05000001935
SR-05000001935-1
W-203112
BRD-K58968598-001-03-6
Sucralose, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sucralose, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sucralose, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-a-D-galactopyranoside
a-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-b-D-fructofuranosyl4-chloro-4-deoxy-
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yloxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol
1',6'-dichloro-1',6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-.beta.-d-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-.alpha.-d-galactopyranoside
SUCRALOSE
Sucralose is a low-calorie artificial sweetener.
Sucralose is derived from sugar, but it is not metabolized by the body in the same way as sugar.
Sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, but it contains zero calories, making it an attractive alternative to sugar for people who are trying to reduce their calorie intake or manage their blood sugar levels.
Sucralose is commonly used as a sugar substitute in a variety of food and beverage products, including soft drinks, baked goods, and other processed foods.

CAS Number: 56038-13-2
EC Number: 259-952-2
Chemical formula: C12H19Cl3O8
Molar mass: 397.64 g/mol



APPLICATIONS


Sucralose has a variety of applications, primarily as a non-nutritive sweetener in food and beverage products.
Here are some common applications of Sucralose:


Food and beverages:

Sucralose is used to sweeten a variety of food and beverage products, including baked goods, soft drinks, chewing gum, dairy products, and more.
Sucralose can be used alone or in combination with other sweeteners to achieve desired sweetness levels and tastes.


Pharmaceuticals:

Sucralose is used as a sweetening agent in some pharmaceutical products, such as cough syrups and lozenges.


Personal care products:

Sucralose can be used as a sweetening agent in personal care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash.


Nutritional supplements:

Sucralose is used as a sweetening agent in some nutritional supplements, such as protein powders and energy bars.


Industrial applications:

Sucralose can be used as a sweetening agent in industrial applications, such as in the production of adhesives and coatings.


Overall, Sucralose is a versatile sweetener that can be used in a wide range of products, including those that are low calorie or sugar-free.

Sucralose is commonly used as a non-nutritive sweetener in food and beverage products.
Sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, making it a popular choice for low-calorie or sugar-free products.

Sucralose is often used in baked goods, such as cakes, cookies, and muffins, as well as in sweet spreads like jams and jellies.
Sucralose is also used in soft drinks, sports drinks, and other beverages to add sweetness without adding calories.
Chewing gum often contains Sucralose to provide a sweet taste without the added sugar.

Sucralose is used in dairy products, such as yogurt and ice cream, to sweeten the product while reducing the sugar content.
Some breakfast cereals contain Sucralose as a sweetener to make them more appealing to consumers.

Many protein bars and other nutritional supplements are sweetened with Sucralose to provide a low-calorie alternative to sugar.
Sucralose can be used as a sweetener in pharmaceutical products like cough syrups and lozenges.
Sucralose can also be found in some over-the-counter medications, like antacids and laxatives.

Personal care products like toothpaste and mouthwash may contain Sucralose as a sweetening agent.
Sucralose is often used in products marketed to individuals with diabetes, as it does not impact blood sugar levels.
Sucralose is also commonly found in weight loss products as a sugar substitute.

Some energy drinks and shots contain Sucralose to add sweetness without adding calories.
Sucralose is also used in some alcoholic beverages to provide a sweet taste without increasing the sugar content.

Sucralose can be used in confectionery products like candies and chocolates to provide a sweet taste without adding calories.
Some sports nutrition products, like protein powders and meal replacement shakes, contain Sucralose as a sweetener.
Sucralose can be used in cooking and baking as a sugar substitute, though it may not provide the same texture as sugar.

Sucralose is sometimes used in salad dressings and sauces to add sweetness without adding sugar.
Some pet food products contain Sucralose to make them more palatable to animals.

Sucralose can be used in the production of adhesives and coatings as a sweetening agent.
Sucralose is often used in the production of artificial sweetener blends to provide a more balanced flavor profile.
Sucralose can be found in some herbal supplements as a sweetener to make them more palatable.

Some water enhancers, like flavored drops or powders, are sweetened with Sucralose to add flavor without adding calories.
Sucralose is a versatile sweetener that can be used in a variety of products to provide a sweet taste without adding calories or sugar.

Sucralose is used as a sweetener in various dietary supplements and health foods.
Sucralose is added to protein powders, nutrition bars, and meal replacement shakes.

The food industry uses sucralose to sweeten beverages, such as soft drinks, juices, and energy drinks.
Sucralose is also used in a variety of low-calorie and reduced-sugar foods, such as jams, jellies, and baked goods.

Sucralose is used in the manufacturing of confectionery products, such as candies and chewing gum.
Sucralose is used in the production of dairy products, including yogurts, ice creams, and cheese.
Sucralose is used as a sweetener in pharmaceuticals, such as cough syrups, tablets, and capsules.

Sucralose is used in dental care products, including toothpaste and mouthwash.
Sucralose is used in cosmetic products, such as body lotions, facial creams, and perfumes.

Sucralose is used in the manufacturing of animal feed, particularly for livestock and pets.
Sucralose is used in the production of alcoholic beverages, such as beer and wine.

Sucralose is used as a sweetener in non-alcoholic beer and other non-alcoholic beverages.
Sucralose is used in the production of flavored water and sports drinks.

Sucralose is used in the production of nutritional supplements for athletes and bodybuilders.
Sucralose is used in the production of flavorings and seasonings, such as spice blends and marinades.
Sucralose is used in the production of pet foods, including wet and dry foods.

Sucralose is used in the production of bakery mixes and premixes for cakes and pastries.
Sucralose is used in the production of ready-to-eat cereals, breakfast bars, and granola.

Sucralose is used in the production of convenience foods, such as frozen dinners and microwavable meals.
Sucralose is used in the production of low-calorie and sugar-free ketchup, mayonnaise, and other condiments.

Sucralose is used in the production of baby food and infant formulas.
Sucralose is used in the production of diabetic foods and low-carbohydrate foods.
Sucralose is used in the production of vegan and vegetarian products as a sweetener.

Sucralose is used in the production of fruit preserves, honey substitutes, and syrups.
Sucralose is used as a sweetener in various hot and cold beverages, such as coffee, tea, and hot chocolate.

Sucralose is used in the production of low-calorie beverages.
Sucralose is added to baked goods as a sugar substitute.

You may find sucralose in items like:

Packaged foods
Ready-made meals
Desserts
Chewing gum
Toothpaste
Drinks
Cakes


Sucralose is used in the production of sugar-free chewing gum.
Sucralose is added to diet foods to provide sweetness without added calories.

Sucralose is used in the production of low-sugar jams and jellies.
Sucralose is added to low-sugar snack foods as a sweetener.
Sucralose is used in the production of reduced-sugar condiments.

Sucralose is added to low-calorie yogurts and dairy products.
Sucralose is used in the production of sugar-free candy and confectionery.

Sucralose is added to protein bars and shakes to enhance taste.
Sucralose is used in the production of reduced-sugar baked goods.

Sucralose is added to low-sugar breakfast cereals as a sweetener.
Sucralose is used in the production of low-sugar fruit juices and drinks.

Sucralose is added to low-sugar sauces and marinades for flavor.
Sucralose is used in the production of reduced-sugar syrups and toppings.
Sucralose is added to low-sugar fruit spreads and nut butters.

Sucralose is used in the production of reduced-sugar ice cream and frozen desserts.
Sucralose is added to low-calorie salad dressings for taste.

Sucralose is used in the production of sugar-free energy drinks.
Sucralose is added to low-sugar sports drinks for sweetness.

Sucralose is used in the production of low-sugar protein powders.
Sucralose is added to low-sugar protein bars for flavor.

Sucralose is used in the production of reduced-sugar snack bars.
Sucralose is added to low-sugar dried fruits and fruit snacks.
Sucralose is used in the production of low-sugar instant and ready-to-eat meals.

Sucralose does not cause:

Tooth decay
Cancer
Genetic changes
Birth defects




DESCRIPTION


Sucralose is a low-calorie artificial sweetener.
Sucralose is derived from sugar, but it is not metabolized by the body in the same way as sugar.

Sucralose is approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar, but it contains zero calories, making it an attractive alternative to sugar for people who are trying to reduce their calorie intake or manage their blood sugar levels.
Sucralose is commonly used as a sugar substitute in a variety of food and beverage products, including soft drinks, baked goods, and other processed foods.


Sucralose is a zero-calorie artificial sweetener that tastes like sugar.
Sucralose is derived from sugar and has a similar molecular structure to sucrose.
Sucralose is heat-stable, making it suitable for use in baked goods.

Sucralose has a long shelf life and does not degrade over time, making it a popular choice for processed foods.
Sucralose is widely used in the food and beverage industry as a sugar substitute.

Sucralose is also used in pharmaceuticals and oral care products as a sweetening agent.
Sucralose has a high sweetness intensity, which means that only a small amount is needed to achieve the desired level of sweetness.

Unlike some other artificial sweeteners, it does not have a bitter or metallic aftertaste.
Sucralose is non-cariogenic, which means it does not contribute to tooth decay.

Sucralose is also safe for people with diabetes, as it does not raise blood sugar levels.
Sucralose is approved for use in many countries, including the United States, European Union, and Japan.
Sucralose is also used in many low-calorie and diet products, such as soft drinks, yogurt, and ice cream.

Sucralose is an ideal sweetener for people who want to reduce their sugar intake without sacrificing taste.
Sucralose is 600 times sweeter than sugar, but without the calories.

Sucralose is stable at high temperatures and pH, making it suitable for use in a wide range of products.
Sucralose is also stable in acidic environments, making it useful for products such as fruit juices and carbonated drinks.

Sucralose is not metabolized by the body and is excreted unchanged, making it safe for consumption.
Sucralose is also safe for pregnant and breastfeeding women.

Sucralose is often used in combination with other sweeteners, such as aspartame and acesulfame potassium, to achieve a balanced taste profile.
Sucralose is a versatile sweetener that can be used in a variety of applications, from baking to beverage manufacturing.



PROPERTIES


Physical properties:

Appearance: White crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Sweet, with a taste similar to sugar
Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, methanol, and acetone
Melting point: 125-135 °C
Boiling point: Decomposes before boiling


Chemical properties:

Chemical formula: C12H19Cl3O8
Molecular weight: 397.64 g/mol
CAS Number: 56038-13-2
Density: 1.6 g/cm3
pH: 5.0 - 8.0 (1% solution in water)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions of use and storage
Decomposition temperature: Decomposes at high temperatures (>400 °C)
Flash point: Not applicable


Other properties:

Sweetness: Approximately 600 times sweeter than sugar
Caloric value: 0 kcal/g (non-nutritive sweetener)
Health effects: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by regulatory agencies, including the FDA and EFSA



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If the person is having difficulty breathing, call emergency services immediately.
If the person is not breathing, administer CPR and call emergency services.


Skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and flush the affected area with water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.


Eye contact:

Rinse eyes with water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.


Ingestion:

If Sucralose is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute.
Seek medical attention immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Use personal protective equipment, such as gloves and safety glasses, when handling Sucralose.
Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, or clothing.
Use in a well-ventilated area and avoid inhalation of dust or mist.

Do not eat, drink or smoke when handling Sucralose.
Follow good hygiene practices and wash hands thoroughly after handling.


Storage:

Store Sucralose in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, sources of heat, and incompatible substances.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
Store away from food, beverages, and animal feed.

Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel.
Follow any additional storage instructions on the product label or Safety Data Sheet.



SYNONYMS


1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
E955
Chlorinated sucrose
Trichlorogalactosucrose
Splenda (a brand name for a product containing Sucralose)
4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galacto-sucrose
TGS
Trichlorosucrose
4,1',6'-Trichlorogalactosucrose
Sucralosa (Spanish)
Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galacto-sucrose
C12H19Cl3O8
Trichlorogalactosucrose
CAS 56038-13-2
Chlorinated sucrose
4,1',6'-Tris-O-(trichloromethyl)-D-fructofuranosyl-D-galactose
Trichlorofructosegalactosaccharide
Chlorosucrose
Sucralosum (Latin)
Trichloro-1',6'-dideoxy-beta-D-fructo-furanosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galacto-pyranoside
4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galactosucrose
Galactosucrose, trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-
Trichloro-4,6-dideoxygalactosucrose
Trichlorogalacto-sucrose
Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galactosucrose
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
Trichloro-1',6'-dideoxygalactosucrose
Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-alpha-D-galactoside.
E955
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxygalactosucrose
Trichlorogalactosucrose
TGS
Splenda
Sweet One
Nevella
SucraPlus
Nevella Sucralose
Sunett
Sukrana
Cukren
Enliten
Candys
Splendex
Splendyl
Sucrazit
Sukraloza
Dulceplus
Sukrilett
Sucrysan
Mielosuc
Truvía
Splendure
96K6UQ3ZD4
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
CHEBI:32159
E955
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranoside
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]oxy-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol
CHEMBL3185084
DSSTox_CID_20245
DSSTox_RID_79457
DSSTox_GSID_40245
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-(((2R,3S,4S,5S)-2,5-Bis(chloromethyl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-5-chloro-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4-diol
MFCD03648615
4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxy-galacto-sucrose
CAS-56038-13-2
Sucralose [BAN:NF]
4,1',6'-trichlorogalactosucrose
CCRIS 8449
Sucralose FCC
HSDB 7964
NSC-759272
SCHEMBL3686
1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactose
alpha-D-Galactopyranoside, 1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-
Sucralose, analytical standard
DTXSID1040245
Sucralose 25% Liquid Concentrate
HMS2093H16
Pharmakon1600-01505953
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-2,5-BIS(CHLOROMETHYL)-3,4-DIHYDROXYTETRAHYDROFURAN-2-YL]OXY}-5-CHLORO-6-(HYDROXYMETHYL)TETRAHYDRO-2H-PYRAN-3,4-DIOL
40J
HY-N0614
Sucralose, >=98.0% (HPLC)
ZINC4654665
Tox21_113658
Tox21_201752
Tox21_303425
BDBM50367128
NSC759272
s4214
AKOS015962432
CCG-213995
CS-8130
NSC 759272
NCGC00249110-01
NCGC00249110-03
NCGC00249110-04
NCGC00257400-01
NCGC00259301-01
SUCROSE
DESCRIPTION:
Sucrose, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits.
Sucrose is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar.
Sucrose has the molecular formula C12H22O11.


CAS Number, 57-50-1
EC Number, 200-334-9

Sucrose appears as white odorless crystalline or powdery solid.
Sucrose is Denser than water.
Sucrose is a glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose.

Sucrose has a role as an osmolyte, a sweetening agent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
A nonreducing disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose linked via their anomeric carbons.
Sucrose is obtained commercially from sugarcane, sugar beet (beta vulgaris), and other plants and used extensively as a food and a sweetener.



For human consumption, sucrose is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet.
Sugar mills – typically located in tropical regions near where sugarcane is grown – crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped to other factories for refining into pure sucrose.
Sugar beet factories are located in temperate climates where the beet is grown, and process the beets directly into refined sugar.

The sugar-refining process involves washing the raw sugar crystals before dissolving them into a sugar syrup which is filtered and then passed over carbon to remove any residual colour.
The sugar syrup is then concentrated by boiling under a vacuum and crystallized as the final purification process to produce crystals of pure sucrose that are clear, odorless, and sweet.
Sugar is often an added ingredient in food production and recipes.

About 185 million tonnes of sugar were produced worldwide in 2017.
Sucrose is particularly dangerous as a risk factor for tooth decay because Streptococcus mutans bacteria convert it into a sticky, extracellular, dextran-based polysaccharide that allows them to cohere, forming plaque.
Sucrose is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide.


ETYMOLOGY OF SUCROSE:
The word sucrose was coined in 1857, by the English chemist William Miller from the French sucre ("sugar") and the generic chemical suffix for sugars -ose.
The abbreviated term Suc is often used for sucrose in scientific literature.
The name saccharose was coined in 1860 by the French chemist Marcellin Berthelot.
Saccharose is an obsolete name for sugars in general, especially sucrose.

Physical and chemical PROPERTIES of Sucrose:
Structural O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fructofuranoside
In sucrose, the monomers glucose and fructose are linked via an ether bond between C1 on the glucosyl subunit and C2 on the fructosyl unit.
The bond is called a glycosidic linkage.

Glucose exists predominantly as a mixture of α and β "pyranose" anomers, but sucrose has only the α form.
Fructose exists as a mixture of five tautomers but sucrose has only the β-D-fructofuranose form.
Unlike most disaccharides, the glycosidic bond in sucrose is formed between the reducing ends of both glucose and fructose, and not between the reducing end of one and the non-reducing end of the other.

This linkage inhibits further bonding to other saccharide units, and prevents sucrose from spontaneously reacting with cellular and circulatory macromolecules in the manner that glucose and other reducing sugars do.
Since sucrose contains no anomeric hydroxyl groups, it is classified as a non-reducing sugar.
Sucrose crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with room-temperature lattice parameters a = 1.08631 nm, b = 0.87044 nm, c = 0.77624 nm, β = 102.938°.

The purity of sucrose is measured by polarimetry, through the rotation of plane-polarized light by a sugar solution.
The specific rotation at 20 °C (68 °F) using yellow "sodium-D" light (589 nm) is +66.47°.
Commercial samples of sugar are assayed using this parameter.
Sucrose does not deteriorate at ambient conditions.


THERMAL AND OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION OF SUCROSE:
Sucrose does not melt at high temperatures. Instead, it decomposes at 186 °C (367 °F) to form caramel.
Like other carbohydrates, it combusts to carbon dioxide and water.
Mixing sucrose with the oxidizer potassium nitrate produces the fuel known as rocket candy that is used to propel amateur rocket motors.

C12H22O11 + 6 KNO3 → 9 CO + 3 N2 + 11 H2O + 3 K2CO3
This reaction is somewhat simplified though.
Some of the carbon does get fully oxidized to carbon dioxide, and other reactions, such as the water-gas shift reaction also take place.
A more accurate theoretical equation is:

C12H22O11 + 6.288 KNO3 → 3.796 CO2 + 5.205 CO + 7.794 H2O + 3.065 H2 + 3.143 N2 + 2.988 K2CO3 + 0.274 KOH

Sucrose burns with chloric acid, formed by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and potassium chlorate:
8 HClO3 + C12H22O11 → 11 H2O + 12 CO2 + 8 HCl

Sucrose can be dehydrated with sulfuric acid to form a black, carbon-rich solid, as indicated in the following idealized equation:
H2SO4 (catalyst) + C12H22O11 → 12 C + 11 H2O + heat (and some H2O + SO3 as a result of the heat).

The formula for sucrose's decomposition can be represented as a two-step reaction: the first simplified reaction is dehydration of sucrose to pure carbon and water, and then carbon oxidises to CO2 with O2 from air.
C12H22O11 + heat → 12 C + 11 H2O
12C + 12 O2 → 12 CO2


HYDROLYSIS OF SUCROSE:
Hydrolysis breaks the glycosidic bond converting sucrose into glucose and fructose.
Hydrolysis is, however, so slow that solutions of sucrose can sit for years with negligible change.
If the enzyme sucrase is added, however, the reaction will proceed rapidly.

Hydrolysis can also be accelerated with acids, such as cream of tartar or lemon juice, both weak acids.
Likewise, gastric acidity converts sucrose to glucose and fructose during digestion, the bond between them being an acetal bond which can be broken by an acid.
Given (higher) heats of combustion of 1349.6 kcal/mol for sucrose, 673.0 for glucose, and 675.6 for fructose, hydrolysis releases about 1.0 kcal (4.2 kJ) per mole of sucrose, or about 3 small calories per gram of product.

SYNTHESIS AND BIOSYNTHESIS OF SUCROSE
The biosynthesis of sucrose proceeds via the precursors UDP-glucose and fructose 6-phosphate, catalyzed by the enzyme sucrose-6-phosphate synthase.
The energy for the reaction is gained by the cleavage of uridine diphosphate (UDP).
Sucrose is formed by plants, algae and cyanobacteria but not by other organisms.

Sucrose is the end product of photosynthesis and is found naturally in many food plants along with the monosaccharide fructose.
In many fruits, such as pineapple and apricot, sucrose is the main sugar.
In others, such as grapes and pears, fructose is the main sugar.


CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF SUCROSE:
After numerous unsuccessful attempts by others, Raymond Lemieux and George Huber succeeded in synthesizing sucrose from acetylated glucose and fructose in 1953.
In nature, sucrose is present in many plants, and in particular their roots, fruits and nectars, because it serves as a way to store energy, primarily from photosynthesis.
Many mammals, birds, insects and bacteria accumulate and feed on the sucrose in plants and for some it is their main food source.

Although honeybees consume sucrose, the honey they produce consists primarily of fructose and glucose, with only trace amounts of sucrose.
As fruits ripen, their sucrose content usually rises sharply, but some fruits contain almost no sucrose at all.
This includes grapes, cherries, blueberries, blackberries, figs, pomegranates, tomatoes, avocados, lemons and limes.

Sucrose is a naturally occurring sugar, but with the advent of industrialization, it has been increasingly refined and consumed in all kinds of processed foods.


PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE:

The production of table sugar has a long history.
Some scholars claim Indians discovered how to crystallize sugar during the Gupta dynasty, around AD 350.
Other scholars point to the ancient manuscripts of China, dated to the 8th century BC, where one of the earliest historical mentions of sugar cane is included along with the fact that their knowledge of sugar cane was derived from India.

By about 500 BC, residents of modern-day India began making sugar syrup, cooling it in large flat bowls to produce raw sugar crystals that were easier to store and transport.
In the local Indian language, these crystals were called khanda (खण्ड), which is the source of the word candy.
The army of Alexander the Great was halted on the banks of river Indus by the refusal of his troops to go further east.

They saw people in the Indian subcontinent growing sugarcane and making "granulated, salt-like sweet powder", locally called sākhar (साखर), (شکر), pronounced as sakcharon (ζακχαρον) in Greek (Modern Greek, zachari, ζάχαρη).
On their return journey, the Greek soldiers carried back some of the "honey-bearing reeds".

Sugarcane remained a limited crop for over a millennium.
Sugar was a rare commodity and traders of sugar became wealthy.
Venice, at the height of its financial power, was the chief sugar-distributing center of Europe.

Moors started producing it in Sicily and Spain. Only after the Crusades did it begin to rival honey as a sweetener in Europe.

The Spanish began cultivating sugarcane in the West Indies in 1506 (Cuba in 1523).
The Portuguese first cultivated sugarcane in Brazil in 1532.
Sugar remained a luxury in much of the world until the 18th century.
Only the wealthy could afford it.

In the 18th century, the demand for table sugar boomed in Europe and by the 19th century it had become regarded as a human necessity.
The use of sugar grew from use in tea, to cakes, confectionery and chocolates.

Suppliers marketed sugar in novel forms, such as solid cones, which required consumers to use a sugar nip, a pliers-like tool, in order to break off pieces.
The demand for cheaper table sugar drove, in part, colonization of tropical islands and nations where labor-intensive sugarcane plantations and table sugar manufacturing could thrive.

Growing sugar cane crop in hot humid climates, and producing table sugar in high temperature sugar mills was harsh, inhumane work.
The demand for cheap labor for this work, in part, first drove slave trade from Africa (in particular West Africa), followed by indentured labor trade from South Asia (in particular India).

Millions of slaves, followed by millions of indentured laborers were brought into the Caribbean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Islands, East Africa, Natal, north and eastern parts of South America, and southeast Asia.
The modern ethnic mix of many nations, settled in the last two centuries, has been influenced by table sugar.

Beginning in the late 18th century, the production of sugar became increasingly mechanized.
The steam engine first powered a sugar mill in Jamaica in 1768, and, soon after, steam replaced direct firing as the source of process heat.
During the same century, Europeans began experimenting with sugar production from other crops.

Andreas Marggraf identified sucrose in beet root and his student Franz Achard built a sugar beet processing factory in Silesia (Prussia).
The beet-sugar industry took off during the Napoleonic Wars, when France and the continent were cut off from Caribbean sugar.
In 2009, about 20 percent of the world's sugar was produced from beets.

Today, a large beet refinery producing around 1,500 tonnes of sugar a day needs a permanent workforce of about 150 for 24-hour production


Trends:
A table sugar factory in England.
The tall diffusers are visible to the middle left where the harvest transforms into a sugar syrup.
The boiler and furnace are in the center, where table sugar crystals form.
An expressway for transport is visible in the lower left.

Table sugar (sucrose) comes from plant sources.
Two important sugar crops predominate: sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) and sugar beets (Beta vulgaris), in which sugar can account for 12% to 20% of the plant's dry weight.
Minor commercial sugar crops include the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), and the sugar maple (Acer saccharum).

Sucrose is obtained by extraction of these crops with hot water; concentration of the extract gives syrups, from which solid sucrose can be crystallized.
In 2017, worldwide production of table sugar amounted to 185 million tonnes.
Most cane sugar comes from countries with warm climates, because sugarcane does not tolerate frost.

Sugar beets, on the other hand, grow only in cooler temperate regions and do not tolerate extreme heat.
About 80 percent of sucrose is derived from sugarcane, the rest almost all from sugar beets.
In mid-2018, India and Brazil had about the same production of sugar – 34 million tonnes – followed by the European Union, Thailand, and China as the major producers.

India, the European Union, and China were the leading domestic consumers of sugar in 2018.
Beet sugar comes from regions with cooler climates: northwest and eastern Europe, northern Japan, plus some areas in the United States (including California).
In the northern hemisphere, the beet-growing season ends with the start of harvesting around September.

Harvesting and processing continues until March in some cases.
The availability of processing plant capacity and the weather both influence the duration of harvesting and processing – the industry can store harvested beets until processed, but a frost-damaged beet becomes effectively unprocessable.
The United States sets high sugar prices to support its producers, with the effect that many former purchasers of sugar have switched to corn syrup (beverage manufacturers) or moved out of the country (candy manufacturers).
The low prices of glucose syrups produced from wheat and corn (maize) threaten the traditional sugar market.
Used in combination with artificial sweeteners, they can allow drink manufacturers to produce very low-cost goods.

High-fructose corn syrup:
High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is significantly cheaper as a sweetener for food and beverage manufacturing than refined sucrose.
This has led to sucrose being partially displaced in U.S. industrial food production by HFCS and other non-sucrose natural sweeteners.

Reports in public media have regarded HFCS as less safe than sucrose.
However, the most common forms of HFCS contain either 42 percent fructose, mainly used in processed foods, or 55 percent fructose, mainly used in soft drinks, as compared to sucrose, which is 50 percent fructose.

Given approximately equal glucose and fructose content, there does not appear to be a significant difference in safety.
Clinical dietitians, medical professionals, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) agree that dietary sugars are a source of empty calories associated with certain health problems, and recommend limiting the overall consumption of sugar-based sweeteners.

TYPES OF SUCROSE:
Cane:
Since the 6th century BC, cane sugar producers have crushed the harvested vegetable material from sugarcane in order to collect and filter the juice.
They then treat the liquid, often with lime (calcium oxide), to remove impurities and then neutralize it.
Boiling the juice then allows the sediment to settle to the bottom for dredging out, while the scum rises to the surface for skimming off.

In cooling, the liquid crystallizes, usually in the process of stirring, to produce sugar crystals.
Centrifuges usually remove the uncrystallized syrup.
The producers can then either sell the sugar product for use as is, or process it further to produce lighter grades.

The later processing may take place in another factory in another country.
Sugarcane is a major component of Brazilian agriculture; the country is the world's largest producer of sugarcane and its derivative products, such as crystallized sugar and ethanol (ethanol fuel).

Beet:
Sugar beets:
Beet sugar producers slice the washed beets, then extract the sugar with hot water in a "diffuser".
An alkaline solution ("milk of lime" and carbon dioxide from the lime kiln) then serves to precipitate impurities (see carbonatation).
After filtration, evaporation concentrates the juice to a content of about 70% solids, and controlled crystallisation extracts the sugar.

A centrifuge removes the sugar crystals from the liquid, which gets recycled in the crystalliser stages.
When economic constraints prevent the removal of more sugar, the manufacturer discards the remaining liquid, now known as molasses, or sells it on to producers of animal feed.
Sieving the resultant white sugar produces different grades for selling.

Cane versus beet:
It is difficult to distinguish between fully refined sugar produced from beet and cane.
One way is by isotope analysis of carbon.
Cane uses C4 carbon fixation, and beet uses C3 carbon fixation, resulting in a different ratio of 13C and 12C isotopes in the sucrose.

Tests are used to detect fraudulent abuse of European Union subsidies or to aid in the detection of adulterated fruit juice.
Sugar cane tolerates hot climates better, but the production of sugar cane needs approximately four times as much water as the production of sugar beet.
As a result, some countries that traditionally produced cane sugar (such as Egypt) have built new beet sugar factories since about 2008.

Some sugar factories process both sugar cane and sugar beets and extend their processing period in that way.
The production of sugar leaves residues that differ substantially depending on the raw materials used and on the place of production.
While cane molasses is often used in food preparation, humans find molasses from sugar beets unpalatable, and it consequently ends up mostly as industrial fermentation feedstock (for example in alcohol distilleries), or as animal feed.
Once dried, either type of molasses can serve as fuel for burning.

Pure beet sugar is difficult to find, so labelled, in the marketplace.
Although some makers label their product clearly as "pure cane sugar", beet sugar is almost always labeled simply as sugar or pure sugar.
Interviews with the 5 major beet sugar-producing companies revealed that many store brands or "private label" sugar products are pure beet sugar.

The lot code can be used to identify the company and the plant from which the sugar came, enabling beet sugar to be identified if the codes are known.

Culinary sugars:
Grainy raw sugar:
Mill white:
Mill white, also called plantation white, crystal sugar or superior sugar is produced from raw sugar.
Sucrose is exposed to sulfur dioxide during the production to reduce the concentration of color compounds and helps prevent further color development during the crystallization process.

Although common to sugarcane-growing areas, this product does not store or ship well.
After a few weeks, its impurities tend to promote discoloration and clumping; therefore this type of sugar is generally limited to local consumption.

Blanco directo:
Blanco directo, a white sugar common in India and other south Asian countries, is produced by precipitating many impurities out of cane juice using phosphoric acid and calcium hydroxide, similar to the carbonatation technique used in beet sugar refining.
Blanco directo is more pure than mill white sugar, but less pure than white refined.

White refined:
White refined is the most common form of sugar in North America and Europe.
Refined sugar is made by dissolving and purifying raw sugar using phosphoric acid similar to the method used for blanco directo, a carbonatation process involving calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide, or by various filtration strategies.

It is then further purified by filtration through a bed of activated carbon or bone char.
Beet sugar refineries produce refined white sugar directly without an intermediate raw stage.

White refined sugar is typically sold as granulated sugar, which has been dried to prevent clumping and comes in various crystal sizes for home and industrial use:

Coarse-grain, such as sanding sugar (also called "pearl sugar", "decorating sugar", nibbed sugar or sugar nibs) is a coarse grain sugar used to add sparkle and flavor atop baked goods and candies.
Its large reflective crystals will not dissolve when subjected to heat.

Granulated, familiar as table sugar, with a grain size about 0.5 mm across.
"Sugar cubes" are lumps for convenient consumption produced by mixing granulated sugar with sugar syrup.
Caster (0.35 mm), a very fine sugar in Britain and other Commonwealth countries, so-named because the grains are small enough to fit through a sugar caster which is a small vessel with a perforated top, from which to sprinkle sugar at table.

Commonly used in baking and mixed drinks, it is sold as "superfine" sugar in the United States.
Because of its fineness, it dissolves faster than regular white sugar and is especially useful in meringues and cold liquids.
Caster sugar can be prepared at home by grinding granulated sugar for a couple of minutes in a mortar or food processor.


Powdered, 10X sugar, confectioner's sugar (0.060 mm), or icing sugar (0.024 mm), produced by grinding sugar to a fine powder.
The manufacturer may add a small amount of anticaking agent to prevent clumping — either corn starch (1% to 3%) or tri-calcium phosphate.


Brown sugar crystals:
Brown sugar comes either from the late stages of cane sugar refining, when sugar forms fine crystals with significant molasses content, or from coating white refined sugar with a cane molasses syrup (blackstrap molasses).
Brown sugar's color and taste becomes stronger with increasing molasses content, as do its moisture-retaining properties.
Brown sugars also tend to harden if exposed to the atmosphere, although proper handling can reverse this.


Measurement:
Dissolved sugar content:
Scientists and the sugar industry use degrees Brix (symbol °Bx), introduced by Adolf Brix, as units of measurement of the mass ratio of dissolved substance to water in a liquid.
A 25 °Bx sucrose solution has 25 grams of sucrose per 100 grams of liquid; or, to put it another way, 25 grams of sucrose sugar and 75 grams of water exist in the 100 grams of solution.
The Brix degrees are measured using an infrared sensor.

This measurement does not equate to Brix degrees from a density or refractive index measurement, because it will specifically measure dissolved sugar concentration instead of all dissolved solids.
When using a refractometer, one should report the result as "refractometric dried substance" (RDS).
One might speak of a liquid as having 20 °Bx RDS.
This refers to a measure of percent by weight of total dried solids and, although not technically the same as Brix degrees determined through an infrared method, renders an accurate measurement of sucrose content, since sucrose in fact forms the majority of dried solids.

The advent of in-line infrared Brix measurement sensors has made measuring the amount of dissolved sugar in products economical using a direct measurement.


CONSUMPTION OF SUCROSE:
Refined sugar was a luxury before the 18th century.
It became widely popular in the 18th century, then graduated to becoming a necessary food in the 19th century.
This evolution of taste and demand for sugar as an essential food ingredient unleashed major economic and social changes.

Eventually, table sugar became sufficiently cheap and common enough to influence standard cuisine and flavored drinks.
Sucrose forms a major element in confectionery and desserts.
Cooks use Sucrose for sweetening.

Sucrose can also act as a food preservative when used in sufficient concentrations.
Sucrose is important to the structure of many foods, including biscuits and cookies, cakes and pies, candy, and ice cream and sorbets.
Sucrose is a common ingredient in many processed and so-called "junk foods".


NUTRITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT SUCROSE

Fully refined sugar is 99.9% sucrose, thus providing only carbohydrate as dietary nutrient and 390 kilocalories per 100 g serving (USDA data, right table).
There are no micronutrients of significance in fully refined sugar (right table).


METABOLISM OF SUCROSE:

In humans and other mammals, sucrose is broken down into its constituent monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, by sucrase or isomaltase glycoside hydrolases, which are located in the membrane of the microvilli lining the duodenum.
The resulting glucose and fructose molecules are then rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream. In bacteria and some animals, sucrose is digested by the enzyme invertase.
Sucrose is an easily assimilated macronutrient that provides a quick source of energy, provoking a rapid rise in blood glucose upon ingestion.

Sucrose, as a pure carbohydrate, has an energy content of 3.94 kilocalories per gram (or 17 kilojoules per gram).
If consumed excessively, sucrose may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome, including increased risk for type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, weight gain and obesity in adults and children.

Tooth decay
Tooth decay (dental caries) has become a pronounced health hazard associated with the consumption of sugars, especially sucrose.
Oral bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans live in dental plaque and metabolize any free sugars (not just sucrose, but also glucose, lactose, fructose, and cooked starches) into lactic acid.
The resultant lactic acid lowers the pH of the tooth's surface, stripping it of minerals in the process known as tooth decay.


All 6-carbon sugars and disaccharides based on 6-carbon sugars can be converted by dental plaque bacteria into acid that demineralizes teeth, but sucrose may be uniquely useful to Streptococcus sanguinis (formerly Streptococcus sanguis) and Streptococcus mutans.
Sucrose is the only dietary sugar that can be converted to sticky glucans (dextran-like polysaccharides) by extracellular enzymes.
These glucans allow the bacteria to adhere to the tooth surface and to build up thick layers of plaque.

The anaerobic conditions deep in the plaque encourage the formation of acids, which leads to carious lesions.
Thus, sucrose could enable S. mutans, S. sanguinis and many other species of bacteria to adhere strongly and resist natural removal, e.g. by flow of saliva, although they are easily removed by brushing.
The glucans and levans (fructose polysaccharides) produced by the plaque bacteria also act as a reserve food supply for the bacteria.

Such a special role of sucrose in the formation of tooth decay is much more significant in light of the almost universal use of sucrose as the most desirable sweetening agent.
Widespread replacement of sucrose by high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) has not diminished the danger from sucrose.
If smaller amounts of sucrose are present in the diet, they will still be sufficient for the development of thick, anaerobic plaque and plaque bacteria will metabolise other sugars in the diet, such as the glucose and fructose in HFCS.


Glycemic index:
Sucrose is a disaccharide made up of 50% glucose and 50% fructose and has a glycemic index of 65.
Sucrose is digested rapidly,[52][53] but has a relatively low glycemic index due to its content of fructose, which has a minimal effect on blood glucose.
As with other sugars, sucrose is digested into its components via the enzyme sucrase to glucose (blood sugar).

The glucose component is transported into the blood where it serves immediate metabolic demands, or is converted and reserved in the liver as glycogen.

Gout:
The occurrence of gout is connected with an excess production of uric acid.
A diet rich in sucrose may lead to gout as it raises the level of insulin, which prevents excretion of uric acid from the body.
As the concentration of uric acid in the body increases, so does the concentration of uric acid in the joint liquid and beyond a critical concentration, the uric acid begins to precipitate into crystals.
Researchers have implicated sugary drinks high in fructose in a surge in cases of gout.


SUCROSE INTOLERANCE
UN dietary recommendation:
In 2015, the World Health Organization published a new guideline on sugars intake for adults and children, as a result of an extensive review of the available scientific evidence by a multidisciplinary group of experts.
The guideline recommends that both adults and children ensure their intake of free sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides added to foods and beverages by the manufacturer, cook or consumer, and sugars naturally present in honey, syrups, fruit juices and fruit juice concentrates) is less than 10% of total energy intake.

A level below 5% of total energy intake brings additional health benefits, especially with regards to dental caries.

Religious concerns:
The sugar refining industry often uses bone char (calcinated animal bones) for decolorizing.
About 25% of sugar produced in the U.S. is processed using bone char as a filter, the remainder being processed with activated carbon.
As bone char does not seem to remain in finished sugar, Jewish religious leaders consider sugar filtered through it to be pareve, meaning that it is neither meat nor dairy and may be used with either type of food.
However, the bone char must source to a kosher animal (e.g. cow, sheep) for the sugar to be kosher.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SUCROSE:
Chemical formula, C12H22O11
Molar mass, 342.30 g/mol
Appearance, white solid
Density, 1.587 g/cm3 (0.0573 lb/cu in), solid
Melting point, None; decomposes at 186 °C (367 °F; 459 K)
Solubility in water, ~200 g/dL (25 °C (77 °F))
log P, −3.76
Structure,
Crystal structure, Monoclinic
Space group, P21
Thermochemistry,
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298), −2,226.1 kJ/mol (−532.1 kcal/mol)
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298), 1,349.6 kcal/mol (5,647 kJ/mol) (Higher heating value)


Molecular Weight
342.30 g/mol
XLogP3
-3.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
8
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
11
Rotatable Bond Count
5
Exact Mass
342.11621151 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
342.11621151 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
190Ų
Heavy Atom Count
23
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
395
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
9
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT SUCROSE:
Q1
1. What is sucrose made of?
Sucrose is a disaccharide sugar which means that it consists of two units of monosaccharide sugar.
The two units are glucose and fructose, for sucrose.
The name saccharose is derived from the French word fruit.


Q2
2. What is the use of sucrose?
Sucrose is used in foods and soft drinks as a sweetener, in syrup processing, in invert sugar, confectionery, preserves and jams, demulcent, medicinal products, and caramel.
Sucrose is also a chemical carrier for detergents, emulsifiers, and other derivatives of saccharose.


Q3
3. What foods contain sucrose?
Sucrose is found in fruits and vegetables, and is processed for use in cooking and food processing from sugar cane and sugar beets.
The sucrose found naturally in sugar cane, sugar beets, bananas, grapes, carrots, and other fruits and vegetables in your sugar bowl is the same sucrose.


Q4
4. Is sucrose soluble in ethanol?
Sugar or sucrose is only slightly soluble in ethanol.
In addition, if the alcohol is cold it will dissolve even less of the sucrose.

The sugar not dissolving within the ethanol settles at the bottom of the bottle.
The salt is also very water-soluble.


Q5
5. What is the function of sucrose in plants?
Sucrose is the most common type of carbohydrate used for the carriage of carbon in a plant.
Sucrose can be dissolved in water, thus retaining a stable structure.
Sucrose will then be transported into the phloem by plant cells, the special vascular tissue intended for sugar transport.





SYNONYMS OF SUCROSE:
sucrose
57-50-1
saccharose
sugar
Table sugar
Cane sugar
White sugar
D-Sucrose
Rohrzucker
Saccharum
Microse
Rock candy
Amerfand
Amerfond
Confectioner's sugar
D-(+)-Saccharose
Sucrose, pure
sacarosa
D(+)-Sucrose
Sucrose, dust
D(+)-Saccharose
Sacharose
D-(+)-Sucrose
beta-D-Fructofuranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside
D-Saccharose
CCRIS 2120
HSDB 500
Sucraloxum [INN-Latin]
CHEBI:17992
beta-D-Fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside
NCI-C56597
(+)-Sucrose
AI3-09085
alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside
Sucrose, purified
(alpha-D-Glucosido)-beta-D-fructofuranoside
EINECS 200-334-9
NSC 406942
Fructofuranoside, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D
Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl, alpha-D
DTXSID2021288
UNII-C151H8M554
GNE-410
S-67F
Glc(alpha1->2beta)Fru
alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl-
C151H8M554
NSC-406942
DTXCID101288
1-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofuranoside
alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl
beta-D-Fruf-(21)-alpha-D-Glcp
NCGC00164248-01
Sucraloxum
Sucraloxum (INN-Latin)
SUCROSE (II)
SUCROSE [II]
SUCROSE (USP-RS)
SUCROSE [USP-RS]
SUCROSE (EP IMPURITY)
SUCROSE [EP IMPURITY]
SUCROSE (EP MONOGRAPH)
SUCROSE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Saccarose
Sucrose [USAN:JAN]
MFCD00006626
CAS-57-50-1
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
Sucrose [JAN:NF]
Beetsugar
GLC-(1-2)FRU
Frost Sugar
Sucrose,ultrapure
Manalox AS
Compressible sugar
Sucrose, AR
Sucrose, LR
Sucrose, ultrapure
Sucrose, USP
Sucrose ACS grade
Sucrose (TN)
Sugar spheres (NF)
Sugar,(S)
REFINED SUGAR
Sucrose, ACS reagent
Sucrose, reagent grade
1af6
SUGAR, WHITE
SUCROSE [VANDF]
Sucrose (for injection)
SUCROSE [HSDB]
SUCROSE [INCI]
DYSPEPSIA HEADACHE
Sucrose (JP17/NF)
SUCROSE [FCC]
SUCROSE [JAN]
SUGAR [VANDF]
SUCROSE [MI]
SUCROSE [NF]
Sucrose Biochemical grade
SUCROSE [WHO-DD]
Sucrose, SAJ first grade
SACCHARUM OFFICINALE
Sugar, compressible (NF)
bmse000119
bmse000804
bmse000918
Epitope ID:153236
Sucrose, >=99.5%
Sucrose, JIS special grade
White soft sugar (JP17)
Sucrose, analytical standard
Sucrose, cell culture tested
Sugar, confectioner's (NF)
1-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofranoside
Sucrose, p.a., ACS reagent
CHEMBL253582
GTPL5411
CHEBI:65313
Sucrose, Molecular Biology Grade
CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N
Sucrose, >=99.5% (GC)
alpha-D-Glc-(1-2)-beta-D-Fru
SACCHARUM OFFICINALE [HPUS]
HY-B1779
Tox21_112093
Tox21_201397
Tox21_300410
BDBM50108105
s3598
Sucrose, for electrophoresis, >99%
AKOS024306988
DB02772
Sucrose, BioXtra, >=99.5% (GC)
a-D-Glucopyranosyl A-D-fructofuranoside
b -D-Fructofuranosyl a-D-glucopyranoside
NCGC00164248-02
NCGC00164248-03
NCGC00164248-05
NCGC00254237-01
NCGC00258948-01
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
D-Saccharose 20000 microg/mL in Water
Sucrose, meets USP testing specifications
Sucrose, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%
|A-D-Glucopyranoside,|A-D-fructofuranosyl
D-Saccharose 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
alpha-D-Glucopyranosylbeta-D-fructofuranoside
CS-0013810
S0111
Sucrose, Grade I, plant cell culture tested
Sucrose, Grade II, plant cell culture tested
C00089
D00025
D70407
EN300-126630
Sucrose, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (GC)
Sucrose|?-D-Fructofuranosyl ?-D-glucopyranoside
SR-01000883983
Sucrose, NIST(R) SRM(R) 17f, optical rotation
J-519846
Q4027534
SR-01000883983-1
Sucrose, for microbiology, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-fructofuranoside
Sucrose, British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard
Sucrose, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Sucrose, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, RNase and DNase free
Z1589255958
.BETA.-D-FRUCTOFURANOSYL-.ALPHA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE
beta-D-fructofuranosyl-(2↔1)-alpha-D-glucopyranoside
Sucrose, analytical standard, for enzymatic assay kit SCA20
.ALPHA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE, .BETA.-D-FRUCTOFURANOSYL-
SUCROSE (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION)
Sucrose, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent
Sucrose, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (HPLC)
Sucrose, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Carbon isotopes in sucrose, NIST(R) RM 8542, IAEA-CH-6 sucrose
SUCROSE (CONSTITUENT OF CRANBERRY LIQUID PREPARATION) [DSC]
Compressible sugar, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sucrose, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, NF
WURCS=2.0/2,2,1/[ha122h-2b_2-5][a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-2/a2-b1
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-(((2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)oxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-((2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-ylhydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-((2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yloxy)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triol
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-3,4,5-triol
8027-47-2
8030-20-4
85456-51-5
86101-30-6
87430-66-8
92004-84-7
A-5
Sucrose, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, >=99.5% (GC)



Sucrose Benzoate
Succinic acid; Butanedionic acid; Amber acid; Butanedioic acid; Dihydrofumaric acid; asuccin; 1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid; wormwood; wormwood acid; katasuccin; Asuccin; Bernsteinsaure cas no: 110-15-6
SUGAR
cas no 5329-14-6 Amidosulfonic acid; Amidosulfuric acid; Sulphamic acid; Aminosulfonic acid; Kyselina amidosulfonova; sulphamidic acid; Sulfamidsäure (German); ácido sulfamídico (Spanish); Acide sulfamidique (French);
SUGAR
Sugar is a disaccharide formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose.
A sugar comprising onemolecule of glucose linked to a fructosemolecule.
Sugar occurs widely inplants and is particularly abundant insugar cane and sugar beet (15–20%),from which it is extracted andrefied for table sugar.

CAS: 57-50-1
MF: C12H22O11
MW: 342.3
EINECS: 200-334-9

Synonyms
Erlotinib-d16 HCl;SACCHARUM;SACCHAROSE;SUGAR;SUCROSE CONFECTIONERS;SUCROSE;SUCROSE SOLUTION;SUCROSE STANDARD;sucrose;57-50-1;saccharose;sugar;Table sugar;Cane sugar;White sugar;D-Sucrose;Rohrzucker;Saccharum;Microse;Rock candy;Amerfand;Amerfond;Confectioner's sugar;D-(+)-Saccharose;Sucrose, pure;sacarosa;D(+)-Sucrose;D-Saccharose;Sucrose, dust;D(+)-Saccharose;Sacharose;D-(+)-Sucrose;beta-D-Fructofuranosyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside;CCRIS 2120;HSDB 500;Sucraloxum [INN-Latin];CHEBI:17992;beta-D-Fructofuranosyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside;NCI-C56597;(+)-Sucrose;AI3-09085;alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl beta-D-fructofuranoside;Sucrose, purified;(alpha-D-Glucosido)-beta-D-fructofuranoside;EINECS 200-334-9;NSC 406942;Fructofuranoside, alpha-D-glucopyranosyl, beta-D;Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl, alpha-D;DTXSID2021288;UNII-C151H8M554;GNE-410;S-67F;Glc(alpha1->2beta)Fru;alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl-;C151H8M554;NSC-406942;DTXCID101288;1-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofuranoside;alpha-D-Glucopyranoside, beta-D-fructofuranosyl;MFCD00006626;beta-D-Fruf-(21)-alpha-D-Glcp;NCGC00164248-01;Sucraloxum;Sucraloxum (INN-Latin);SUCROSE (II);SUCROSE [II];SUCROSE (USP-RS);SUCROSE [USP-RS];(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;SUCROSE (EP IMPURITY);SUCROSE [EP IMPURITY];SUCROSE (EP MONOGRAPH);SUCROSE [EP MONOGRAPH];Saccarose;Sucrose [USAN:JAN];Compressible sugar;CAS-57-50-1;(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-{[(2S,3S,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy}-6-;(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;92004-84-7;Sucrose [JAN:NF];Beetsugar;GLC-(1-2)FRU;Frost Sugar;Sucrose,ultrapure;Manalox AS;Sucrose, AR;(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol;92004-84-7;Sucrose [JAN:NF];Beetsugar;GLC-(1-2)FRU;Frost Sugar;Sucrose,ultrapure;Manalox AS;Sucrose, AR;Sucrose, LR;Sucrose, ultrapure;Sucrose, USP;Sucrose ACS grade;Sucrose (TN);Sugar spheres (NF);Sugar,(S);REFINED SUGAR;Sucrose, ACS reagent;Sucrose, reagent grade;1af6;SUGAR, WHITE;SUCROSE [VANDF];Sucrose (for injection);SUCROSE [HSDB];SUCROSE [INCI];DYSPEPSIA HEADACHE;Sucrose (JP17/NF);SUCROSE [FCC];SUCROSE [JAN];SUGAR [VANDF];SUCROSE [MI];SUCROSE [NF];Sucrose Biochemical grade;SUCROSE [WHO-DD];Sucrose, SAJ first grade;SACCHARUM OFFICINALE;Sugar, compressible (NF);bmse000119;bmse000804;bmse000918;Epitope ID:153236;Sucrose, >=99.5%;Sucrose, JIS special grade;White soft sugar (JP17);Sucrose, analytical standard;Sucrose, cell culture tested;Sugar, confectioner's (NF);1-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-2-beta-D-fructofranoside;Sucrose, p.a., ACS reagent;CHEMBL253582;GTPL5411;CHEBI:65313;Sucrose, Molecular Biology Grade;CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N;Sucrose, >=99.5% (GC);alpha-D-Glc-(1-2)-beta-D-Fru;SACCHARUM OFFICINALE [HPUS];HY-B1779;Tox21_112093;Tox21_201397;Tox21_300410;BDBM50108105;s3598;Sucrose, for electrophoresis, >99%;AKOS024306988;alpha-D-Glc-(1-->2)-beta-D-Fru;Sucrose Palmitic Acid (1:1 Mixture);DB02772;Sucrose, BioXtra, >=99.5% (GC);a-D-Glucopyranosyl A-D-fructofuranoside;b -D-Fructofuranosyl a-D-glucopyranoside;NCGC00164248-02;NCGC00164248-03;NCGC00164248-05;NCGC00254237-01;NCGC00258948-01;D-Saccharose 20000 microg/mL in Water;Sucrose, meets USP testing specifications;Sucrose, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%;D-Saccharose 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
;alpha-D-Glucopyranosylbeta-D-fructofuranoside;CS-0013810;S0111;Sucrose, Grade I, plant cell culture tested;Sucrose, Grade II, plant cell culture tested;C00089;D00025;D70407;EN300-126630;Sucrose, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (GC);Sucrose|?-D-Fructofuranosyl ?-glucopyranoside
;SR-01000883983;Sucrose, NIST(R) SRM(R) 17f, optical rotation;J-519846;Q4027534;SR-01000883983-1;Sucrose, for microbiology, ACS reagent, >=99.0%;alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-D-fructofuranoside;Sucrose, British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard

If heated to200°C, Sugar becomes caramel.
Consumed in large amounts around the world as a food ingredient.
Other applications of Sugar include its use in surfactants (esters), polyurethanes (polyols), plastics (alkyds) to produce dextrans (Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation) and ethanol (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation).
Sugar is a glycosyl glycoside formed by glucose and fructose units joined by an acetal oxygen bridge from hemiacetal of glucose to the hemiketal of the fructose.
Sugar has a role as an osmolyte, a sweetening agent, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Sugar, a disaccharide, is a sugar composed of glucose and fructose subunits.
Sugar is produced naturally in plants and is the main constituent of white sugar.
Sugar has the molecular formula C12H22O11.

For human consumption, Sugar is extracted and refined from either sugarcane or sugar beet.
Sugar mills – typically located in tropical regions near where sugarcane is grown – crush the cane and produce raw sugar which is shipped to other factories for refining into pure sucrose. Sugar beet factories are located in temperate climates where the beet is grown, and process the beets directly into refined sugar.
The sugar-refining process involves washing the raw sugar crystals before dissolving them into a sugar syrup which is filtered and then passed over carbon to remove any residual colour.
The sugar syrup is then concentrated by boiling under a vacuum and crystallized as the final purification process to produce crystals of pure sucrose that are clear, odorless, and sweet.
Sugar is often an added ingredient in food production and recipes.
About 185 million tonnes of sugar were produced worldwide in 2017.
Sugar is particularly dangerous as a risk factor for tooth decay because Streptococcus mutans bacteria convert it into a sticky, extracellular, dextran-based polysaccharide that allows them to cohere, forming plaque.
Sugar is the only sugar that bacteria can use to form this sticky polysaccharide.

History
Sugar is the white granulated compound referred to as sugar.
Sugar is a disaccharide made of glucose and fructose.
The main sources of sucrose for the production of commercial sugar are sugarcane and sugar beets.
Sugar is a tall perennial grass of the genus Saccharum native to Southeast Asia and the South Pacifi c.
Sugar has been consumed by chewing the stalk in areas where it grows for thousands of years. Sugar spread to India where it was processed to extract crude sugar as early as 2,500 years ago.
Persian invaders discovered sugar after invading India and the plant and sugar production spread into the Middle East around 600 c.e. Europeans were introduced to sugar around 1100 c.e. when the first crusaders returned with knowledge of the sweet spice and the Arab Empire spread into Spain.

The use of sugar beet to obtain sugar began when the German chemist Andreas Sigismund Marggraf (1709 1782) extracted sucrose from sugar beets using alcohol.
The amount of sucrose obtained by Marggraf did not warrant commercial use of beets as a sucrose source.
During the late 18th century, Franz Karl Archard (1753 1821), a student of Marggraf, selectively bred beets to increase the sucrose content to 5 6% and developed a commercial method to extract sucrose.
Sugar is predominantly associated with the food industry, but it does have industrial uses in other areas.
Sugar fatty acid esters are a mixture of mono, di, and tri esters of sucrose with fatty acids.
These are use in cosmetics, shampoos, resins, inks, paper processing, and pesticides.
Sugar is used as an emulsifi er and in nail polishes.
Sugar has also been used in making glues and treating leather.

Sugar Chemical Properties
Melting point: 185-187 °C (lit.)
Alpha: 67 º (c=26, in water 25 ºC)
Boiling point: 397.76°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.5805
Refractive index: 66.5 ° (C=26, H2O)
Fp: 93.3°C
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility H2O: 500 mg/mL
Form: Liquid
Pka: 12.7(at 25℃)
Color: White
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 5.5 - 7 at 342 g/l at 25 °C
PH: 5.0-7.0 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Optical activity: [α]25/D +66.3 to +66.8°(lit.)
Water Solubility: 1970 g/L (15 ºC)
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.08
Merck: 14,8881
BRN: 90825
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 10 mg/m3
OSHA: TWA 15 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 10 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3
Dielectric constant: 3.3(Ambient)
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Hydrolyzed by dilute acids and by invertase.
InChIKey: CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N
LogP: -4.492 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 57-50-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sugar (57-50-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sugar (57-50-1)

White or almost white, crystalline powder, or lustrous, colourless or white or almost white crystals.
Sugar is a sugar obtained from sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum Linne' (Fam. Gramineae)), sugar beet (Beta vulgaris Linne' (Fam. Chenopodiaceae)), and other sources.
Sugar contains no added substances.
Sugar occurs as colorless crystals, as crystalline masses or blocks, or as a white crystalline powder; it is odorless and has a sweet taste.
In Sugar, the monomers glucose and fructose are linked via an ether bond between C1 on the glucosyl subunit and C2 on the fructosyl unit.
The bond is called a glycosidic linkage.
Glucose exists predominantly as a mixture of α and β "pyranose" anomers, but Sugar has only the α form.

Fructose exists as a mixture of five tautomers but Sugar has only the β-D-fructofuranose form.
Unlike most disaccharides, the glycosidic bond in Sugar is formed between the reducing ends of both glucose and fructose, and not between the reducing end of one and the non-reducing end of the other.
This linkage inhibits further bonding to other saccharide units, and prevents Sugar from spontaneously reacting with cellular and circulatory macromolecules in the manner that glucose and other reducing sugars do.
Since Sugar contains no anomeric hydroxyl groups, it is classified as a non-reducing sugar.

Sugar crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21 with room-temperature lattice parameters a = 1.08631 nm, b = 0.87044 nm, c = 0.77624 nm, β = 102.938°.
The purity of Sugar is measured by polarimetry, through the rotation of plane-polarized light by a sugar solution.
The specific rotation at 20 °C (68 °F) using yellow "sodium-D" light (589 nm) is +66.47°.
Commercial samples of sugar are assayed using this parameter.
Sugar does not deteriorate at ambient conditions.

Hydrolysis
Hydrolysis breaks the glycosidic bond converting Sugar into glucose and fructose.
Hydrolysis is, however, so slow that solutions of sucrose can sit for years with negligible change.
If the enzyme sucrase is added, however, the reaction will proceed rapidly.
Hydrolysis can also be accelerated with acids, such as cream of tartar or lemon juice, both weak acids.
Likewise, gastric acidity converts Sugar to glucose and fructose during digestion, the bond between them being an acetal bond which can be broken by an acid.
Given (higher) heats of combustion of 1349.6 kcal/mol for sucrose, 673.0 for glucose, and 675.6 for fructose, hydrolysis releases about 1.0 kcal (4.2 kJ) per mole of Sugar, or about 3 small calories per gram of product.

Uses
Sugar (C12H22O11) is one of many forms of sugars (carbohydrates) that are important organic compounds for maintaining life.
Saccharum is the Latin word for sugar and the derived term saccharide is the basis of a system of carbohydrate classification.
The simplest sugars belong to the carbohydrate class, monosaccharide; they include fructose and glucose.
Hydrolysis of Sugar yields D-glucose and D-fructose; the process is called inversion and the sugar mixture produced is known as invert sugar because, although sucrose itself rotates plane-polarized light to the right, the mixture inverts this light by rotating to the left.
The carbohydrate class, polysaccharide, represents compounds in which the molecules contain many units of monosaccharides joined together by glycoside links.

Upon complete hydrolysis, a polysaccharide yields monosaccharides.
Starch is the most valuable polysaccharide.
The starch molecules (amylose and anylopectin) are tree-like, containing 250 to 1000 or more glucose units per molecule joined together through alpha linkages.
In commercial usage, the term sugar usually refers to sucrose.
Sucrose is a disaccharide sugar that occurs naturally in every fruit and vegetable.
Sugar is a major product of photosynthesis, the process by which plants transform the energy of the sun into food.
Sugar occurs in greatest quantities in sugarcane and sugar beets from which it is separated for commercial use.
Yuanzhen sugar is a polysaccharide polymer, containing a certain amount of fructooligosaccharides.
Sweetening agent and food.

Starting material in the fermentative production of ethanol, butanol, glycerol, citric and levulinic acids.
Used in pharmaceuticals as a flavor, as a preservative, as an antioxidant (in the form of invert sugar), as a demulcent, as substitute for glycerol, as granulation agent and excipient for tablets, as coating for tablets.
In the plastics and cellulose industry, in rigid polyurethane foams, manufacture of ink and of transparent soaps.
sucrose (table sugar) is an emollient, mild emulsifier, and humectant.
Sugar can be used in place of glycerin.
Sugar is a sweetener that is the disaccharide sucrose, consisting of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.
Sugar is obtained as cane or beet sugar.
Sugar has relatively constant solubility and is a universal sweetener because of its intense sweetness and solubility.
Sugar is available in various forms which include granulated, brown, and powdered.
Sugar is used in desserts, beverages, cakes, ice cream, icings, cereals, and baked goods.
Sugar is also termed beet sugar, cane sugar, and saccharose.

Agricultural Uses
Sugar is obtained from sugar beet, sugar cane and sweet sorghum.
Table sugar is the most common form of sucrose.
Sugar comprises a glucose unit joined to a fructose unit.
Honey consists of Sugar and its hydrolysis products.
Sugar, glucose and fructose all exhibit optical activity.
When Sugar is hydrolyzed, the rotation changes from right to left.
This is called inversion, and an equimolar mixture of glucose and fructose is called invert sugar.
The enzyme invertase hydrolyzes Sugar to glucose and fructose.
Sugar occurs universally throughout the plant kingdom in fruits, seeds, flowers and roots.

Pharmaceutical Applications
Sugar is widely used in oral pharmaceutical formulations.
Sugar, containing 50–67% w/w sucrose, is used in tableting as a binding agent for wet granulation.
In the powdered form, Sugar serves as a dry binder (2–20% w/w) or as a bulking agent and sweetener in chewable tablets and lozenges.
Tablets that contain large amounts of Sugar may harden to give poor disintegration.
Sugar syrups are used as tablet-coating agents at concentrations between 50% and 67% w/w.
With higher concentrations, partial inversion of sucrose occurs, which makes sugar coating difficult.
Sugar syrups are also widely used as vehicles in oral liquiddosage forms to enhance palatability or to increase viscosity.
Sugar has been used as a diluent in freeze-dried protein products.
Sugar is also widely used in foods and confectionery, and therapeutically in sugar pastes that are used to promote wound healing.

Production Methods
Sugar is obtained from the sugar cane plant, which contains 15–20% sucrose, and sugar beet, which contains 10–17% sucrose.
Juice from these Sugar is heated to coagulate water-soluble proteins, which are removed by skimming.
The resultant solution is then decolorized with an ion-exchange resin or charcoal and concentrated.
Upon cooling, sucrose crystallizes out.
The remaining solution is concentrated again and yields more Sugar, brown sugar, and molasses.

Reactivity Profile
Sugar is a reducing agent.
Can react explosively with oxidizing agents such as chlorates and perchlorates.
Is hydrolyzed by dilute acids and by invertase (a yeast enzyme).
Chars rapidly and exothermically when mixed with concentrated sulfuric acid.
Sukraloz
SYNONYMS 1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactopyranoside, E955, Trichlorosucrose;1,6-Dichlor-1,6-didesoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chlor-4-desoxy-α-D-galaktose;1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl 4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose;1,6-Dichloro-1,6-dideoxy-β-D-fructofuranosyl-4-chloro-4-deoxy-α-D-galactose;4,1',6'-Trichloro-4,1',6'-trideoxygalactosucrose CAS NO:56038-13-2
SULFAMETAKSAZOL
SYNONYMS 3-(p-Aminobenzenesulfonamido)-5-methylisoxazole;3-Sulfanilamido-5-methylisoxazole;4-Amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)benzenesulfonamide;4-Amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)benzensulfonamide;5-Methyl-3-sulfanilamidoisoxazole;Benzenesulfonamide, 4-amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-;Gantanol;MS 53;N1-(5-Methyl-3-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide CAS NO:723-46-6
Sulfamethoxazole
4-Amino-N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)benzenesulfonamide; (p-Aminophenylsulfonamido)-5-methylisoxazole; 3-Sulfanilamido-5-methylisoxazole; 5-Methyl-3-sulfanilamidoisoxazole; N1-(5-Methyl-3-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide; N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide; Sulfamethoxizole; Sulfamethylisoxazole CAS NO: 723-46-6