Sodium dehydroacetate is a compound with the formula Na(CH3C5HO(O2)(CH3)CO).
Sodium dehydroacetate is the sodium salt of dehydroacetic acid.
Sodium dehydroacetate has E number E266.

CAS: 4418-26-2
MF: C8H7NaO4
MW: 190.13
EINECS: 224-580-1

Sodium dehydroacetate is the sodium salt of dehydroacetate.
Sodium dehydroacetate is mainly used as a new generation food preservative and food additive, being used extensively in sauce, fruit, bread, cake, moon cake, margarine and beverage.
Sodium dehydroacetate (DHA-S) has a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity that accounts for its use in cosmetic products as a preservative and antimicrobial agent.
Sodium dehydroacetate is effective in the treatment of both bacteria and fungi.
Sodium dehydroacetate is also a kind of anticoagulant agent through depleting the blood level of vitamin K.

Sodium dehydroacetate is a preservative that is used in the formulation of cosmetics and skincare products.
Preservatives are an important part of the formulation process they help to prevent your product from becoming contaminated by bacteria and molds as well as extend the shelf life and safety.
Preservatives have received a bit of a bad reputation in the beauty industry of late.
This reputation is mostly undeserved, without preservatives products would only last weeks and could lead to irritation, sensitivity, and infection if they weren’t included in the formula.

In cosmetics and skincare products, sodium dehydroacetate functions as an antimicrobial preservative.
Sodium dehydroacetate is used in a wide variety of products, including bath products, skincare products, sunscreens, fragrances, shaving products, hair, and nail care products, as well as eye and facial makeup.
Sodium dehydroacetate is an effective antimicrobial ingredient, even at low concentrations, less than and equal to 0.6%, against both bacteria and fungi.
The use of preservatives in cosmetics is important because these types of products have a high potential for microbial contamination and growth.
The most susceptible products are creams and lotions that are packaged in jars, opened frequently, and applied to the skin with the fingers.

Inadvertent contamination may also occur after the use of makeup brushes around the eyes or other parts of the face that touch the skin and the cosmetic repeatedly.
Each use increases the chance of contamination.
Furthermore, contamination may occur if you leave a product container open for an extended period of time.
Sodium Dehydroacetate is a preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products because of its antimicrobial properties.
Sodium Dehydroacetate is considered to be an effective antimicrobial and preservative even at very low concentrations, prohibiting the growth of bacterial and fungal microbes.
Sodium Dehydroacetate is the sodium salt of Dehydroacetic acid.
Sodium dehydroacetate is a paraben and formaldehyde-free preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products due to its antimicrobial and antifungal properties.
Sodium dehydroacetate functions primarily by prohibiting the growth of bacteria and fungus, although it may not necessarily kill already developed microbes.

Thus, careful attention should be paid to good production hygiene, as well as the use of raw materials with low microorganism levels, as these are vital prerequisites for the production of well preserved products.
Sodium dehydroacetate, a white crystalline powder with a slight odor, is the sodium salt of dehydroacetic acid obtained by a synthetic process.
Sodium dehydroacetate has antimicrobial and anti-mould activity and acts against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.
Sodium dehydroacetate's effectiveness depends a lot on the pH which must be between 5 and 6.5 and in cosmetics Sodium dehydroacetate is used as a preservative in most cosmetic preparations, except for spray products.
Sodium dehydroacetate is used with a maximum concentration of 0.6%.

Sodium dehydroacetate Chemical Properties
Melting point: ~295 °C (dec.)
Density: 1.499[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: 330g/l
pka: 5.36[at 20 ℃]
Form: Powder
Color: White to yellow
PH: 8.8-9.3 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water, propylene glycol and methanol. Insoluble in acetone and benzene.
BRN: 4893653
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: ZPNRBQVNNIDJHX-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -4.38 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 4418-26-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium dehydroacetate (4418-26-2)

Uses
Sodium dehydroacetate is the sodium salt of dehydroacetic acid, a fungicide, and bactericide that is commonly used as a food preservative.
Fungicides have the ability to kill fungi or their spores, whereas bactericides are capable of destroying bacteria.
This means that sodium dehydroacetate is able to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi in your products.

Sodium dehydroacetate, a related ingredient, is an effective preservative, however, it is almost insoluble in water.
This limits its use in cosmetics formulations as many of these types of products have a water base.
Sodium dehydroacetate is why sodium dehydroacetate is used as it has a greater solubility in water.

In addition to use in the cosmetic industry, sodium dehydroacetate can be used as a food preservative.
Sodium dehydroacetate is used extensively in sauce, fruit, bread, cake, moon cake, margarine, and beverages.
Sodium dehydroacetate has the E number E266.
Sodium dehydroacetate is a white crystalline powder with no odor.

In medicine, Sodium Dehydroacetate has used for the treatment of feet Trichophyton infection.
Sodium dehydroacetate is effective in low concentrations, a widely used cosmetic preservative soluble in water, glycols, and methanol.

Sodium Dehydroacetate is an antimicrobial ingredient, with a fungicide, pesticide, and bactericide action, which can be used as a preservative.
Sodium dehydroacetate is used in lotions, eye shadow products, bar soap products, toothpaste, and a wide range of personal care products.
Sodium dehydroacetate is a hypoallergenic and non-irritating ingredient, as only a few cases of sensitization are described in scientific literature.

Sodium dehydroacetate is used in the food industry as preservative for fruits, vegetables, fruit juice, honey, beer, milk, protein and fat products; in human and veterinary medicine as bactericide and fungicide.
Geogard(R) 111S preservative is based on dehydroacetic acid (DHA), the sodium salt form (NaDHA) and therefore are recognized by major cosmetic, toiletry and fragrance regulatory authorities worldwide for use in cosmetic and personal care products.
sodium dehydroacetate is a preservative against bacteria and fungi that is used at concentration levels of 1.0 percent or less.
Sodium dehydroacetate is useful in combination with parabens.
Sodium dehydroacetate may cause skin irritation.

Synonyms
SODIUM DEHYDROACETATE
DTXSID7026029
C8H7O4.Na
sodium;(1E)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxopyran-3-ylidene)ethanolate
C8-H7-O4.Na
Dehydroacetic acid, sodium salt
Sodium 1- (3, 4- dihydro- 6- methyl- 2, 4- dioxo- 2H- pyran- 3- ylidene)ethanolate
DTXCID806029
CHEMBL3186518
SCHEMBL14251071
Tox21_300075
NCGC00254206-01
CAS-4418-26-2
sodium (1E)-1-(6-methyl-2,4-dioxo-2H-pyran-3(4H)-ylidene)ethanolate

cas no 7789-12-0 Dichromic acid disodium aalt dihydrate; Sodium dichromate dihydrate; Disodium dichromate dihydrate; Sodium dichromate; Natriumdichromat (German); Dicromato de sodio (Spanish); Dichromate de sodium (French); Sodio (dicromato di) (Italian);

Sodium diacetate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H7NaO4.
Sodium diacetate is a sodium salt of acetic acid and is commonly used as a food additive and preservative.
Sodium diacetate is a white, crystalline powder with a slightly vinegary or acetic acid-like odor.

CAS Number: 126-96-5
EC Number: 204-814-9



APPLICATIONS


Sodium diacetate has various applications primarily in the food industry, where it serves as a versatile food additive.
Some of its key applications include:

Food Preservation:
Sodium diacetate acts as a preservative in a wide range of food products, inhibiting the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast.
Sodium diacetate helps extend the shelf life of items such as meat, poultry, seafood, snacks, and baked goods.

Seasonings and Flavors:
Sodium diacetate is used in seasoning blends and flavor formulations to provide a tangy and sour taste profile.
Sodium diacetate enhances the overall flavor experience in products like chips, popcorn, nuts, and other snacks.

Pickling:
Sodium diacetate is an essential ingredient in pickling solutions for cucumbers, beets, onions, and other vegetables.
Sodium diacetate imparts the desired tangy flavor to pickled products.

Meat and Poultry Products:
Sodium diacetate is commonly used in meat and poultry processing as an antimicrobial agent to reduce microbial contamination and enhance product safety.

Bakery Products:
Sodium diacetate is utilized in the baking industry as a dough conditioner, improving texture and freshness in bread, rolls, and pastries.

Salad Dressings and Sauces:
Sodium diacetate acts as an acidifier, adding a tangy flavor to salad dressings, mayonnaise, and various sauces.

Ready-to-Eat Meals:
Sodium diacetate is found in convenience foods like flavored noodles and ready-to-eat meals to enhance taste and preserve freshness.

Snack Seasonings:
Sodium diacetate is used in the seasoning blends of flavored popcorn, tortilla chips, and extruded snacks, providing a tangy taste.

Cheese:
Sodium diacetate contributes to the characteristic tanginess in certain types of cheese, such as processed cheese spreads.

Dry Mixes:
Sodium diacetate is incorporated into dry seasoning mixes and condiments for convenient use in home cooking and flavor enhancement.

Flavored Coatings:
Sodium diacetate is used to create flavored coatings for nuts, seeds, and dried fruits.

Instant Soups and Noodles:
Sodium diacetate enhances the flavor of instant soups, noodles, and bouillon cubes.

Ready-to-Eat Meats:
Sodium diacetate is used as a preservative in ready-to-eat deli meats, sausages, and jerky.

Flavored Vinegars:
Sodium diacetate is sometimes added to flavored vinegars to enhance their tanginess.

Meat Rubs and Marinades:
Sodium diacetate is an ingredient in meat rubs and marinades for grilling and barbecuing.

Salad Kits:
Sodium diacetate is used in salad kits to provide ready-to-use dressings with extended shelf life.

Processed Seafood:
Sodium diacetate helps preserve the freshness of processed seafood products like smoked fish.

Flavor Enhancement in Processed Foods:
Sodium diacetate is used in various processed foods like canned vegetables, beans, and condiments to improve taste and extend shelf life.

Flavored Potato Chips:
Sodium diacetate is utilized to create tangy and sour flavored potato chips.

Dried Snacks:
Sodium diacetate enhances the flavor of dried fruits and vegetables used as snacks.


Sodium diacetate is a white, crystalline powder with a slightly vinegary odor.
Sodium diacetate is a sodium salt of acetic acid, also known as sodium hydrogen diacetate.

Sodium diacetate is a food-grade chemical widely used as a preservative and flavor enhancer.
Sodium diacetate is highly soluble in water, making it suitable for various food applications.

As a food preservative, Sodium diacetate inhibits the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast, extending the shelf life of products.
Its antimicrobial properties make it effective in preventing spoilage in meat and poultry products.

Sodium diacetate serves as an acidifier, imparting a tangy or sour taste to foods like pickles and sauces.
Sodium diacetate is used in the production of snacks, providing a tangy flavor to chips and popcorn.
Sodium diacetate is an important ingredient in seasoning blends for convenience foods like flavored noodles and ready-to-eat meals.
Sodium diacetate acts as a dough conditioner, improving the texture and freshness of baked goods.

Sodium diacetate contributes to the characteristic tanginess in certain types of cheese.
Sodium diacetate is commonly used in the production of bread and pastry products to enhance flavor and texture.

Sodium diacetate is effective in controlling pH levels in food formulations to maintain acidity.
As a flavor enhancer, Sodium diacetate adds a mild, acidic taste to dressings and condiments.
Sodium diacetate is a safe and approved food additive, widely used in the food industry.

Sodium diacetate is often found in seasonings for meat and poultry rubs, marinades, and glazes.
Sodium diacetate is used in potato and tortilla chip seasoning to provide a tangy kick to the snacks.
Sodium diacetate is a cost-effective alternative to acetic acid in certain applications.
Its crystalline structure allows for easy blending into food formulations.

Sodium diacetate is stable under normal storage conditions, maintaining its effectiveness as a preservative.
Sodium diacetate is non-toxic and has a low impact on the sensory characteristics of food products.
Sodium diacetate helps prevent bacterial growth and spoilage in mayonnaise, salad dressings, and sauces.

Sodium diacetate is an essential ingredient in the production of flavored popcorn and snack coatings.
Sodium diacetate is commonly used in the seasoning of jerky and other dried meat products.

Sodium diacetate is recognized as safe by regulatory authorities and is widely accepted as a food additive in various regions.
Sodium diacetate is widely used as a food preservative in various products to extend their shelf life.
Sodium diacetate is commonly added to processed meats, such as sausages and deli meats, to inhibit microbial growth and enhance product safety.
Sodium diacetate finds extensive use in the pickling industry to add tanginess and act as a preservative in pickled vegetables.

In the bakery sector, Sodium diacetate serves as a dough conditioner, enhancing the texture and freshness of bread and baked goods.
Salad dressings and mayonnaise often contain Sodium diacetate as an acidifier, contributing to their tangy taste.
Sodium diacetate is used in flavored popcorn seasonings, giving the snacks a tangy and savory flavor profile.

Sodium diacetate is a key ingredient in ready-to-eat meal formulations, preserving the taste and quality of convenience foods.
Sodium diacetate acts as a flavor enhancer in various snacks, including potato chips, tortilla chips, and nuts, providing a tangy kick.
Sodium diacetate is utilized in the production of processed cheese spreads, contributing to their characteristic tanginess.

Instant soups and noodles contain Sodium diacetate to enhance flavor and improve the taste of the broth.
In the seasoning blends of meat rubs and marinades, Sodium diacetate imparts a tangy taste to grilled and barbecued meats.
Sodium diacetate is added to salad kits to create ready-to-use dressings that remain fresh for an extended period.
Sodium diacetate helps preserve the freshness of processed seafood, such as smoked fish.

Flavored vinegars may contain Sodium diacetate to enhance their tanginess and add a subtle sour note to the taste.
Sodium diacetate is used as a preservative in dried fruits and vegetables, maintaining their quality as snacks.
Processed foods, like canned vegetables and beans, often include Sodium diacetate to improve taste and prolong shelf life.
In the production of flavored coatings for nuts and seeds, Sodium diacetate enhances the overall taste experience.

Sodium diacetate is commonly used in flavored noodle seasonings to create savory and tangy broth flavors.
Sodium diacetate contributes to the characteristic taste of flavored bouillon cubes, enriching the taste of soups and stews.
Sodium diacetate is used in the formulation of ready-to-use sauces, providing a tangy flavor to dishes.
Sodium diacetate is employed in the preparation of flavored rice and pasta mixes to enhance taste and preserve freshness.

Sodium diacetate is used as a processing aid in the production of certain beverages and as an acidifier in fruit-flavored drinks.
In the convenience food industry, Sodium diacetate is added to instant mashed potatoes and stuffing mixes to improve taste.
Sodium diacetate is used in certain spice blends and condiments to add tanginess and enhance overall flavor profiles.
Sodium diacetate is a versatile food additive found in a wide array of processed food products, contributing to taste, safety, and shelf life.
Sodium diacetate is used in the production of flavored croutons, providing a tangy taste to salads and soups.

Sodium diacetate is added to some instant gravy mixes to enhance flavor and improve the overall taste of the gravy.
Sodium diacetate is used in the formulation of dry soup mixes, contributing to their savory and tangy flavors.

Sodium diacetate is employed in the seasoning of snack bars, creating a unique and appealing taste profile.
Sodium diacetate is used in the production of flavored rice cakes, enhancing the taste of these popular snacks.
Sodium diacetate is added to certain spice blends for meat and vegetable dishes to add a tangy twist to the flavor.

Sodium diacetate is utilized in the preparation of flavored cracker seasonings, providing a zesty taste.
Sodium diacetate is added to some flavored popcorn toppings, creating a delightful combination of sweet and tangy flavors.
Sodium diacetate is used in the formulation of flavored soy snacks, adding a tangy kick to the products.
Sodium diacetate is employed in the seasoning blends for flavored pretzels, contributing to their unique taste.

Sodium diacetate is added to certain powdered cheese mixes for instant macaroni and cheese products, enhancing their flavor.
Sodium diacetate is used in the preparation of flavored rice snacks, creating tasty and tangy treats.
Sodium diacetate is employed in the seasoning of potato snacks like potato crisps and chips, adding a tangy edge.
Sodium diacetate is added to certain dry dip mixes, creating a flavorful and tangy dip for chips and vegetables.

Sodium diacetate is used in the formulation of some instant gravy granules, enhancing taste and convenience.
Sodium diacetate is utilized in the seasoning blends for flavored tortilla chips, providing a unique taste experience.
Sodium diacetate is added to certain cheese powder blends for flavored cheese sauces, enhancing the tanginess of the sauce.

Sodium diacetate is used in the production of flavored bread crumbs, creating a zesty coating for fried foods.
Sodium diacetate is employed in the seasoning of flavored popcorn kernels, resulting in a tangy popcorn experience.

Sodium diacetate is added to certain salad toppings and croutons, contributing to the overall taste and texture of the salad.
Sodium diacetate is used in the preparation of flavored sandwich spreads, providing a tangy twist to sandwiches.
Sodium diacetate is utilized in the formulation of some instant stuffing mixes, adding flavor and convenience to meals.
Sodium diacetate is added to certain flavored instant pasta mixes, enhancing the taste of the pasta dishes.

Sodium diacetate is used in the seasoning of some flavored trail mixes, creating a delicious and tangy blend.
Sodium diacetate is employed in the preparation of some flavored nut and seed snacks, adding a zesty kick.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium diacetate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H7NaO4.
Sodium diacetate is a sodium salt of acetic acid and is commonly used as a food additive and preservative.
Sodium diacetate is a white, crystalline powder with a slightly vinegary or acetic acid-like odor.
Sodium diacetate is a versatile chemical with several functions, including:

Preservative:
Sodium diacetate acts as a preservative to inhibit the growth of bacteria, mold, and yeast in food products, thereby extending their shelf life.

Acidifier:
Sodium diacetate provides acidity to food products, contributing to their tart or tangy taste.

Flavor Enhancer:
Sodium diacetate enhances the flavor of certain foods, especially those with a tangy or acidic taste profile.

Anti-microbial Agent:
Sodium diacetate helps to prevent spoilage and bacterial contamination in various food items.

pH Control:
Sodium diacetate can be used to adjust the pH of food products to maintain their desired acidity level.

Dough Conditioner:
Sodium diacetate is used as a dough conditioner in baked goods to improve texture and shelf life.

Seasoning:
Sodium diacetate is also used as a seasoning in various snacks and convenience foods.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C4H7NaO4
Molecular Weight: 142.09 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Sodium 2-acetoxycarbonylethanoate
CAS Number: 126-96-5
EC Number: 204-814-9
Appearance: White, crystalline powder
Odor: Slightly vinegary or acetic acid-like odor
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
pH (1% solution): Approximately 4.5 - 5.0
Melting Point: Decomposes at around 150°C (302°F)
Density: 1.36 g/cm³
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of food ingredients
Acidity: Acts as an acidifier, contributing to a tangy taste
Preservative Effect: Exhibits antimicrobial properties, inhibiting bacterial, mold, and yeast growth
Flavor Enhancement: Enhances the overall flavor profile of food products
Dough Conditioning: Acts as a dough conditioner, improving the texture and freshness of baked goods
pH Control: Helps adjust and maintain the pH level in food formulations
Safety: Considered safe for consumption as a food additive in recommended amounts
Toxicity: Low acute oral toxicity; no significant hazards under normal handling conditions



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Sodium diacetate dust or particles are accidentally inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air immediately.
If the person experiences difficulty breathing or respiratory distress, seek immediate medical attention or call emergency services.
Provide oxygen support, if available and trained to do so, while waiting for medical assistance.


Skin Exposure:

In case of skin contact with Sodium diacetate, remove contaminated clothing and accessories immediately.
Wash the affected skin area gently but thoroughly with soap and water.
Rinse the skin with water for at least 15 minutes to ensure complete removal of any residual substances.
If skin irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly.


Eye Exposure:

If Sodium diacetate comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the affected eye(s) with clean water or saline solution for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eye open while flushing to ensure thorough rinsing of the eye surface.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact an ophthalmologist if eye irritation, pain, or vision problems persist.


Ingestion:

If Sodium diacetate is accidentally ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a healthcare professional or poison control center.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water if the substance was swallowed accidentally.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.


General Precautions:

Always handle Sodium diacetate or any food additive in a controlled and safe manner following good manufacturing practices (GMP) and safety guidelines.
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of fine particles or dust during handling and processing of Sodium diacetate.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety goggles, gloves, lab coat, and a dust mask if necessary.
Store Sodium diacetate in designated areas, away from incompatible substances, heat, and moisture, following the manufacturer's recommendations.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Conditions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Sodium diacetate, wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, a lab coat or protective clothing, and closed-toe shoes.
PPE helps minimize skin and eye contact and prevents inhalation of fine particles or dust.

Avoid Inhalation:
To prevent inhalation of fine particles or dust, handle Sodium diacetate in a well-ventilated area.
Use local exhaust ventilation, if available, to control airborne dust levels.

Prevent Skin Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact with Sodium diacetate.
In case of accidental skin contact, wash the affected area with soap and water.

Avoid Eye Contact:
Avoid direct eye contact with Sodium diacetate.
If it comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Use in a Controlled Manner:
Handle Sodium diacetate in a controlled manner and follow recommended usage levels to ensure the safe and appropriate use of the food additive.

Mixing and Dilution:
When incorporating Sodium diacetate into food formulations, follow specific instructions for mixing and dilution to ensure uniform distribution and proper blending.

No Eating, Drinking, or Smoking:
Prohibit eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Sodium diacetate is handled to prevent accidental ingestion or exposure.

Containment:
Use appropriate containers and storage units to prevent spills and leaks.
Practice good hygiene and containment measures to avoid cross-contamination.


Storage Conditions:

Temperature and Humidity:
Store Sodium diacetate in a cool, dry place at the recommended temperature and humidity range specified by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.

Keep Containers Sealed:
Ensure that containers of Sodium diacetate are tightly closed and properly sealed when not in use to maintain the food additive's quality and prevent moisture absorption.

Separate from Incompatible Substances:
Store Sodium diacetate away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and moisture-sensitive substances.

Segregation:
Store Sodium diacetate in designated areas, away from other chemicals or products, to prevent cross-contamination.



SYNONYMS


Acetic acid sodium salt
Sodium ethanoate
Sodium ethanoic acid
E262 (food additive number)
Acetate of soda
Sodium acetic acid
Sodium ethanoate
Sodium acetas

SODIUM DILAURETH-7 CITRATE, Nom INCI : SODIUM DILAURETH-7 CITRATE. Classification : Composé éthoxylé. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

cas no 128-04-1 Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate; Carbam-S; SDDC; Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt; Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt; Methyl namate; N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt; N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt; Sodam; Sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate; Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate; Sodium dimethylaminecarbodithioate; Sodium dimethylaminocarbodithioate; Sodium dimethylcarbamodithioate; Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate; Thiostop N;

Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is also known as Dimethyldithiocarbamate, its chemical name is sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate (English name sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate), also known as N,N-Dimethyldithiocanbamate sodium salt (N,N-Dimethyldithiocanbamate sodium salt) ), the molecular formula containing two crystal waters is C3H6NS2Na·2H2O.


CAS Number: 128-04-1
EC Number: 204-876-7
MDL Number: MFCD00150729
Molecular Formula: C3H6NNaS2


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is crystals or liquid.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate becomes anhydrous at 266 °F.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is a clear yellow liquid or yellow crystalline solid.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is a scaly white crystal, which is easily soluble in water.
The crystal obtained by the crystallization method contains 2.5 molecules of crystal water, which loses 2 molecules of crystal water when heated to 115 °C, and completely loses crystal water at 130 °C.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is a 15% aqueous solution, a yellowish or grass-green transparent liquid, a relative density of 1.06, and a pH of 9 to 11.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate's melting point is 120-122°C (dec.)(lit.)
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate's density is 1.17.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is scaly white crystal, which is easily soluble in water, the crystals obtained by the crystallization method contained 2.5 molecules of water of crystallization, and lost 2 molecules of water of crystallization when heated to 115 ° C and completely lost water of crystallization at 130 ° C.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is SDD is scaly white crystal, easily soluble in water, the crystallization method of crystallization crystallization water containing 2.5 molecules, lose 2 molecular crystal water when heated to 115 ℃, 130 ℃ completely lose crystal water.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is an intermediate of fungicides, fumedouble, fumeirite, fumeammonium, fumezine, and fumenickel.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is easily soluble in water. The crystal obtained by crystallization method contains 2.5 molecules of crystal water.
When heated to 115°C, Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate loses 2 molecules of crystal water, and it is completely at 130°C.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate has loss of crystal water.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is a 15% aqueous solution, which is a light yellow or grass green transparent liquid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
In industry, Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as an accelerator and curing agent of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, and latex, and as an additive of lubricating oil in oil processing.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate can also be used as an anti-mildew agent for lacquer cloth, which can replace the high toxic anti-mildew agent high mercuric chloride.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is a protective fungicide in agriculture.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used for leaf spraying, seed treatment, soil treatment, and prevention and control of grain smut, the seedling blight of many crops, fruit trees, vegetables, wheat, and other diseases.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate can also be used as a repellent for beetles, rats, rabbits, and deer.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is a disinfectant and bactericide, which can be made into 1% medicated soap for use.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is also used as a polymerization terminator of styrene-butadiene rubber.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as emulsion polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber, the terminator of styrene-butadiene latex, industrial bactericide, metal precipitant, vulcanization accelerator of rubber products, and agricultural insecticide.


In the rubber industry, Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as a terminator of emulsion polymerized lower styrene rubber and lower styrene latex, a vulcanization accelerator of rubber products, a bactericidal and Algaecidal and slime preventive agent in industrial water treatment, a bactericidal and Algaecidal agent in petroleum and paper industry, and a pesticide in agriculture.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Release to the environment of Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, food products, pulp, paper and paper products, chemicals and fabricated metal products.


Release to the environment of Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is mainly used for synthetic rubber(short-stopper), water treatment, fungicide, industrial bactericide, mineral separation, electroplate and so on.


As a chelating agent, Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used for waste incineration power plants to separate heavy metals from fly ash.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as soil disinfectant.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as a disinfectant, corrosion inhibitor, coagulant, vulcanizing agent, chelating agent, and fungicide.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used in water treatment, the rubber industry, and is a registered biocide for cutting oils and aqueous systems in industries such as leather tanning and paper manufacturing.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is also used as an antimicrobial agent in paints.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is styrene butadiene rubber polymerization termination agent, used as termination agent of emulsion type styrene butadiene rubber and styrene butadiene latex, industrial bactericide, vulcanization accelerator and insecticide
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is able to function as metal chelators and have been used in metal finishing operations and wastewater treatments to enhance the precipitation of metals.


As a free radical inhibitor, Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate has been used in the rubber industry to rapidly stop the polymerization of synthesis.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is also used as a biocide for cutting oils and aqueous systems such as leather tanning and paper manufacturing.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used in studies to develop removal of heavy metals from water by sulfide precipitation.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as a disinfectant, corrosion inhibitor, coagulant, vulcanizing agent, chelating agent, and fungicide may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is also used as an antimicrobial agent in paints.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used Herbicide, biocide (cutting oils and aqueous systems), coagulant, vulcanizing agent, chelating agent; water treatment (precipitate heavy metal ions); stops polymerization of synthetic latexes in rubber
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used in studies to develop removal of heavy metals from water by sulfide precipitation.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as an antimicrobial/fungicidal agent in paints, water treatment.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator for making synthetic and natural rubbers (i.e., butadiene rubber, latex).
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as a fungicide on melons (tolerance set as 25 ppm).
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as an antimicrobial/fungicidal agent in paints, water treatment.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator for making synthetic and natural rubbers (i.e., butadiene rubber, latex).
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as a fungicide on melons (tolerance set as 25 ppm).
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate can also be used as a soil disinfectant.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is an intermediate of fungicides forme, forme iron, forme ammonium, forme zinc and forme nickel.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as a Terminator for Emulsion Styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene latex, industrial bactericide, metal precipitant, vulcanization accelerator for rubber products and agricultural pesticides, etc.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is an intermediate of bactericide fumed bis, fumed iron, fumed ammonium, fumed zinc and fumed nickel.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is a disinfectant and can be used as 1% medicinal soap.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is also used as a styrene-butadiene rubber polymerization terminator.
Intermediates of the rubber accelerator Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate.


Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used as a terminator for emulsion polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene latex, industrial fungicide, metal precipitant, vulcanization accelerator for rubber products, and agricultural insecticides.
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is mainly used as bactericide, rubber accelerator, etc.


-Biocidal Uses of Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate:
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is used for preservation of fibres, leather, rubber, or polymers, preservation for liquid systems, controlling slimes.


-Application of Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate:
*Industrial waste water treatment
*Sugar industry
*Chemical industry
*Heavy metal precipitator
*Paper making industry
*Bactericide, inhibitor
*Rubber vulcanization accelerator



FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is one of the important dialkyl dithiocarbamates, so it has the general characteristics of salt, can produce a series of other metal salts, and has a wide range of social uses.
For example, Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate can be used as a terminator and vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry, bactericide and algicide in industrial water treatment, petroleum and papermaking industries, pesticide production in agriculture, and mineral processing agent in the mining industry.



PREPARATION OF SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
Sodium dimethyl carbamodithioate is prepared by combining dimethylamine with carbon disulfide in a solution of sodium hydroxide, forming the water-soluble dithiocarbamate salt.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
Molecular Weight: 143.21
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 129.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 10.200000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 90.00 °F. TCC ( 32.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.745 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Appearance: off-white powder
PH: 9.5-12.5
Purity: 95%
Density: 1.17
Melting Point: 120-122ºC
Boiling Point 130ºC
Flash Point: 32ºC
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Storage Condition: 0-6ºC
Molecular Weight: 143.21
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 142.98393582
Monoisotopic Mass: 142.98393582
Topological Polar Surface Area: 36.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 64
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: light yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available

Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point : 120-122 °C (dec.)(lit.)
density: 1.17
vapor pressure : 0 Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: 0-6°C
solubility: Soluble in water
form: powder to crystal
color: White to Almost white
Specific Gravity: 1.18
Water Solubility: 374g/L at 20℃
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
BRN : 3569024
InChIKey: NQVBYQPOGVWUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M

LogP: -1 at 20℃
Molecular Weight: 143.21
Molecular Formula: C3H6NNaS2
Canonical SMILES: CN(C)C(=S)[S-].[Na+]
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H7NS2.Na/c1-4(2)3(5)6;/h1-2H3,(H,5,6);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey: VMSRVIHUFHQIAL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Boiling Point: 130 ℃
Melting Point: 120-122 ℃
Flash Point: 32ºC
Purity: 95 %
Density: 1.17 g/cm3
Appearance: Off-white powder
Storage: 0-6 ℃
Hazard Codes: Xn
HS Code: 2930909090
Log P: 1.03040
MDL: MFCD00044839
PSA: 6.63
Risk Statements: R22; R36
RTECS: FD3500000
Safety Statements: S26-S36
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C3H6NNaS2·2H2O = 179.23
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS RN: 128-04-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 969705
PubChem Substance ID: 87567354
Molecular Formula: C3H6NNaS2
Molar Mass: 143.21
Density: 1.17
Melting Point: 120-122°C (dec.)(lit.)
Boling Point: 130℃
Water Solubility: 374g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Soluble in water
Vapor Presure: 0 Pa at 25℃
Appearance: Transparent yellow solution
Specific Gravity: 1.18
Color: White to Almost white
BRN: 3569024
Storage Condition: 0-6°C
Sensitive: 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
MDL: MFCD00150729



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM DIMETHYL CARBAMODITHIOATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
128-04-1
Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate
Sanceler S
Sodium dimethylcarbamodithioate
Wing Stop B
Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt
Diaprosim AB 13
Aceto SDD 40
Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt
Dibam
Methyl namate
Thiostop N
Vulnopol NM
Alcobam NM
Dibam A
Sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sharstop 204
Brogdex 555
DMDK
SDDC
Sta-fresh 615
Steriseal liquid #40
769GO8W6QQ
Carbamodithioic acid, N,N-dimethyl-, sodium salt (1:1)
Sodium dimethylaminecarbodithioate
Sodium dimethylaminocarbodithioate
Carbamic acid, dimethyldithio- sodium salt
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt
DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
Vinditat
Vinstop
Diram
Sdmdtc
Sodam
Nocceler S
Carbam S
Carbam-S
CHEMBL569460
MSL (carbamate)
CAS-128-04-1
Amersep MP 3R
MetalPlex 143
Nalmet A 1
NSC-85566
Caswell No. 762
MSL
UNII-769GO8W6QQ
CCRIS 5535
CCRIS 9109
Carbamic acid, dimethyldithio-, sodium salt
HSDB 6811
sodium;N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate
EINECS 204-876-7
NSC 85566
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 034804
Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium dihydrate
AI3-14673
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, sodium salt
EC 204-876-7
SCHEMBL23192
Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt, dihydrate
DTXSID6027050
Sodium Dimethyl Dithio Carbamate
CARBAMIC ACID, DIMETHYLDITHIO-, SODIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE
Dimethyldithiocarbamate, sodium salt
Tox21_201971
Tox21_300391
MFCD00044839
(DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATO)SODIUM
AKOS000120803
NCGC00254258-01
NCGC00259520-01
SODIUM DIMETHYLAMINODITHIOCARBAMATE
AS-16148
D0716
FT-0631748
SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE [HSDB]
128D041
J-005564
J-013553
Q27266473
SODIUM 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-2-THIOXOETHANETHIOLATE
Dimethyl dithiocarbamate, sodium salt
Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt, 40% solution
Sodiumdimethyldithiocarbamat
Sodium Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate (Sdd/Sdmc)
sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate solution
SMEC(MICTUREOF[128-04-1]AND[142-59-6])
Sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate 95%
(Dimethyldithiocarbamato)sodium
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDMC)
N,n-dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt
Methyl Namate
sodium-dimethylaminocarbodithioate
EPA Pesticide Code: 034804
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamic Acid Sodium Salt
Sodium 2-(Dimethylamino)-2-thioxoethanethiolate
Sodium N,N-Dimethylcarbamodithioate
Sodium N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium Dimethylaminodithiocarbamate
(Dimethyldithiocarbamato)sodium
Aceto SDD 40
Alcobam NM
Amersep MP 3R
Carbam S
DDC
Diaprosim AB 13
Dibam
Diram
MSL
MSL (carbamate)
MetalPlex 143
Methyl Namate
Midfloc 1300L
Nalmet A 1
Nocceler S
Nocceler S 35
Preventol Z-L
SDD
SDD (polymerization inhibitor)
SDDC
SMC
Sanceler S
Sanceler S 40
Sharstop 204
Sodam
Thiostop NVinditat
Vulnopol NM
Wing Stop B
SDD
SDMC
acetosdd40
Ber Accelerator SDMC
Rubber Accelerator SDD
Sodiumdimethyldithiocarbamat
Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate
sodium dimethylcarbamodithioate
(Dimethyldithiocarbamato)sodium
Sodium Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate
Sodium Dimethyl Dithio Carbamate
Sodium N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate
dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanylsodium
Sodium N-dimethyl-dithiocarbaminate
Dimethyl dithiocarbamate, sodium salt
SMEC(MICTUREOF[128-04-1]AND[142-59-6])
sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate solution
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate Sodium Salt
Dimethyldithiocarbamic Acid Sodium Salt
Sodium Dimethyl Dithio Carbamate
SDD
Sodium N-dimethyl-dithiocarbaminate
Dimethyldithiocarbamic Acid Sodium Salt
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate Sodium Salt
Sodium N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate
SDMC
acetosdd40
sodium dimethylcarbamodithioate
dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanylsodium
Rubber Accelerator SDD
Ber Accelerator SDMC
Carbamodithioic acid,N,N-dimethyl-,sodium salt (1:1)
Carbamic acid,dimethyldithio-,sodium salt
Carbamodithioic acid,dimethyl-,sodium salt
Aceto SDD 40
Alcobam NM
Methyl Namate
SDDC
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
Thiostop N
Vulnopol NM
Wing Stop B
Sharstop 204
Sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate
Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt
Sodium dimethylaminocarbodithioate
MSL
Nocceler S
DDC
Sanceler S
Carbam S
Sodam
Dibam
Vinditat
Sodium dimethylaminodithiocarbamate
Amersep MP 3R
(Dimethyldithiocarbamato)sodium
Midfloc 1300L
MSL (carbamate)
Diaprosim AB 13
Diram
MetalPlex 143
Nalmet A 1
Nocceler S 35
Sanceler S 40
SDD
SDD (polymerization inhibitor)
Sodium N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate
Preventol Z-L
Sodium 2-(dimethylamino)-2-thioxoethanethiolate
SMC
122544-46-1
165724-02-7
191490-26-3
Sodium Dimethyl Dithio Carbamate
SDD
Sodium N-dimethyl-dithiocarbaminate
Dimethyldithiocarbamic Acid Sodium Salt
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate Sodium Salt
Sodium N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium Dimethyl Dithiocarbamate
SDMC
acetosdd40
sodium dimethylcarbamodithioate
dimethylcarbamothioylsulfanylsodium
Rubber Accelerator SDD
Ber Accelerator SDMC

DESCRIPTION:

Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate sulfanide belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organic alkali metal salts.
These are organic salts of an alkali metal.
The alkali metal atom is usually in its ionic form.

CAS: 128-04-1
European Community (EC) Number: 204-876-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6NNaS2
Molecular Weight: 143.21
IUPAC Name: sodium;N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate

Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate is a yellowish aqueous solution and is used in the following applications:
• Biocide for paper mills, sugar mills, water treatment, leather industry
• Heavy metal scavenger

Clear yellow solution Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is a clear yellow liquid or yellow crystalline solid Crystals or liquid.
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate Becomes anhydrous at 266°F.

Dithiocarbamates (DCs) are a well-known group of pesticides which have been used to control a number of species belonging to taxonomically different groups, e.g., bacteria, fungi, nematodes, and molluscs for over 60 years.
The first integrated product containing sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDMC) was registered in 1949.


APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE:
The methyl ester of dimethyldithiocarbamic acid is produced by the reaction of sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate with dimethyl sulfate in aqueous medium in the presence of a small amount of emulsifier at 40° to 50° C.
Dimethyldithiocarbamic Acid Sodium Salt was used in studies to develop removal of heavy metals from water by sulfide precipitation.

Sodium N,N-dimethylthithiocarbamate is use as a disinfectant, corrosion inhibitor, coagulant, vulcanizing agent, chelating agent, and fungicide may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is also used as an antimicrobial agent in paints.



USES OF SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE:
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is used as Herbicide
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is used as biocide (cutting oils and aqueous systems)
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is used as coagulant

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is used as vulcanizing agent
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is used as chelating agent
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is used as water treatment (precipitate heavy metal ions)
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate stops polymerization of synthetic latexes in rubber

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate(SDMC) is used as a disinfectant, corrosion inhibitor, coagulant, vulcanizing agent, chelating agent, and fungicide.
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is used in water treatment, the rubber industry, and is a registered biocide for cutting oils and aqueous systems in industries such as leather tanning and paper manufacturing.
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is also used as an antimicrobial agent in paints.

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is able to function as metal chelators and have been used in metal finishing operations and wastewater treatments to enhance the precipitation of metals.
As a free radical inhibitor, Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate has been used in the rubber industry to rapidly stop the polymerization of synthesis.
It is also used as a biocide for cutting oils and aqueous systems such as leather tanning and paper manufacturing.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product









CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE:
Molecular Weight 143.21 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 142.98393582 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 142.98393582 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 36.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count 7
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 64
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 129.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 10.200000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 90.00 °F. TCC ( 32.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.745 (est)
Water Solubility 5.71 g/L
logP 0.63
logP -0.26
logS -1.4
Physiological Charge 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0
Hydrogen Donor Count 0
Polar Surface Area 3.24 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count 1
Refractivity 34.62 m³•mol⁻¹
Polarizability 14.02 ų
Number of Rings 0
Bioavailability Yes
Rule of Five Yes
Ghose Filter No
Veber's Rule Yes
MDDR-like Rule No
PSA：36.3
XLogP3：1.03040
Appearance：Crystals or liquid. Becomes anhydrous at 266°F. (NTP, 1992)
Density：1.18 g/cm3
Melting Point：106-108 °C
Boiling Point：130ºC
Flash Point：32ºC
Melting point 120-122 °C (dec.)(lit.)
Density 1.17
vapor pressure 0Pa at 25℃
storage temp. 0-6°C
solubility Soluble in water
form powder to crystal
color White to Almost white
Specific Gravity 1.18
Water Solubility 374g/L at 20℃
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
BRN 3569024
InChIKey NQVBYQPOGVWUPK-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP -1 at 20℃
Water Solubility：
Slowly decomposes in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.
Storage Conditions：0-6°C
pH = 10.1 (1% aqueous solution); pH 12.6 (32% aqueous solution)
Dissociation Constants：
pKa = 5.4 for the organic portion /Estimated/

Air and Water Reactions：
Slowly decomposes in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.

Reactive Group：
Thiocarbamate Esters and Salts/Dithiocarbamate Esters and Salts

Reactivity Profile：
Flammable gases are generated by the combination with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides.


SYNONYMS OF SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE:

Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate
128-04-1
Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate
Sanceler S
Sodium dimethylcarbamodithioate
Wing Stop B
Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid sodium salt
Diaprosim AB 13
Aceto SDD 40
Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt
Vinditat
Vinstop
Sdmdtc
Diram
Sodam
Nocceler S
Carbam S
Carbam-S
MSL (carbamate)
Amersep MP 3R
Dibam
MetalPlex 143
Nalmet A 1
Methyl namate
SDDC
Caswell No. 762
Thiostop N
Vulnopol NM
Alcobam NM
Dibam A
Sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate
Sharstop 204
Brogdex 555
DMDK
Sta-fresh 615
UNII-769GO8W6QQ
Steriseal liquid #40
Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt
769GO8W6QQ
CCRIS 5535
CCRIS 9109
Carbamic acid, dimethyldithio-, sodium salt
DTXSID6027050
HSDB 6811
sodium;N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioate
EINECS 204-876-7
NSC 85566
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 034804
Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium dihydrate
Sodium dimethylaminecarbodithioate
Sodium dimethylaminocarbodithioate
AI3-14673
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, sodium salt
EC 204-876-7
N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt
Carbamic acid, dimethyldithio- sodium salt
DTXCID207050
Carbamodithioic acid, dimethyl-, sodium salt, dihydrate
Carbamodithioic acid, N,N-dimethyl-, sodium salt (1:1)
DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
CARBAMIC ACID, DIMETHYLDITHIO-, SODIUM SALT, DIHYDRATE
CHEMBL569460
CAS-128-04-1
NSC-85566
MSL
Febram
C3H6NS2.Na
SCHEMBL23192
Sodium dimethyldithiocarbanate
Sodium Dimethyl Dithio Carbamate
Tox21_201971
Tox21_300391
MFCD00044839
(DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATO)SODIUM
AKOS000120803
NCGC00254258-01
NCGC00259520-01
SODIUM DIMETHYLAMINODITHIOCARBAMATE
AS-16148
LS-49539
D0716
FT-0631748
SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE [HSDB]
J-005564
J-013553
Q27266473
SODIUM 2-(DIMETHYLAMINO)-2-THIOXOETHANETHIOLATE

SODIUM DIMETHYLDITHIOCARBAMATE Dimethyldithiocarbamate Chemical structure of the dimethyldithiocarbamate anion Dimethyldithiocarbamate is the organosulfur anion with the formula (CH3)2NCS2−. It is one of the simplest organic dithiocarbamate. Uses It is a component of various pesticides and rubber chemicals in the form of its salts sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, and potassium dimethyldithiocarbamate) as well as its complexes zinc dimethyldithiocarbamate, ferric dimethyldithiocarbamate, and nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarbamate). Oxidation gives thiram. Properties Related Categories Building Blocks, Chemical Synthesis, Organic Building Blocks, Sulfur Compounds, Thiocarbonyl Compounds Molecular Weight of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 143.21 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 142.983936 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 142.983936 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 36.3 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 7 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 64 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate: 2 Computed by PubChem Compound of Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate Is Canonicalized Yes Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate act as materials preservatives for fuels, metalworking fluids, paints, coatings, adhesives, cloth, and paper/paperboard; they act as antifoulants/slimicides in a variety of liquids including industrial/commercial cooling water, air washer water, sugar mill pulp/process water, marine heat exchangers, gas/oil recovery fluid, industrial wastewater treatment systems, industrial water purification systems, reverse osmosis water systems, and pasteurizer cooling water. Their main uses are as antifoulants in industrial cooling and air washer water systems, as well as pulp and paper mills and gas/oil drilling muds. Product description SDDC (Sodium Dimethyldithiocarbamate) is a yellowish aqueous solution and is used in the following applications: Biocide for paper mills, sugar mills, water treatment, leather industry Heavy metal scavenger Applications/uses Water treatment industrial . Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate, is used to aid the precipitation of metals in industrial wastewater treatment and pretreatment systems. When used appropriately it can effectively enhance the removal of some difficult to treat pollutants, without impacting the environment or POTW operations. However, sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate is toxic to aquatic life and can combine to form, or break down to, a number of other toxic chemicals, including thiram (an EPA registered fungicide) and other thiurams, other dithiocarbamates, carbon disulfide, and dimethylamine. Thiram is known to be toxic to aquatic life at the following levels: LC50 less than 10 :g/l (parts per billion) including some less than 1 :g/l for several varieties of catfish, carp, rainbow trout, daphnia, and harlequinfish; LC50 between 10 and 100 ug/l in other studies Occurence(s)/Use(s) Herbicide, biocide (cutting oils and aqueous systems), coagulant, vulcanizing agent, chelating agent; water treatment (precipitate heavy metal ions); stops polymerization of synthetic latexes in rubber Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate Agent Name Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate CAS Number 128-04-1 Formula C3-H6-N-S2.Na Major Category Pesticides Sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate formula graphical representation Synonyms Aceto SDD 40; Alcobam NM; Amersep MP 3R; Brogdex 555; Carbam S; Carbam-S; DDC; DMDK; Diaprosim AB 13; Dibam; Dibam A; Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt; Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, sodium salt; Diram; MSL; MSL (carbamate); MetalPlex 143; Methyl namate; N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamate sodium salt; N,N-Dimethyldithiocarbamic acid, sodium salt; Nalmet A 1; Nocceler S; SDDC; Sanceler S; Sdmdtc; Sharstop 204; Sodam; Sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate; Sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate; Sodium dimethylaminecarbodithioate; Sodium dimethylaminocarbodithioate; Sodium dimethylcarbamodithioate; Sta-Fresh 615; Steriseal liquid #40; Thiostop N; Vinditat; Vinstop; Vulnopol NM; Wing Stop B; Carbamic acid, dimethyldithio-, sodium salt; [ChemIDplus] Category Dithiocarbamates (Pesticide) Description 40% aqueous solution: Yellow liquid; [HSDB] Off-white to cream colored flakes; [MSDSonline] Sources/Uses Used as a disinfectant, corrosion inhibitor, coagulant, vulcanizing agent, chelating agent, fungicide, and biocide (paints, cutting oils, water treatment, leather tanning, and paper manufacturing); [HSDB] Comments May cause irritation; [MSDSonline] Several of the dialkyldithiocarbamates are known skin sensitizers.

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a sodium salt of the diester of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and sulfosuccinic acid.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate or docusate sodium often referred to as DSS, Aerosol OT or AOT – is a common ingredient in consumer products, especially laxatives of the stool softener type.


CAS Number: 577-11-7
EC number: 209-406-4
MDL number: MFCD00012455
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CH2O2CCH2CH(SO3Na)CO2CH2CH(C2H5)(CH2)3CH3


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate (CAS- 577-11-7) also called docusate sodium or sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate is a 2-ethyl hexyl diester of succinic acid with a sulphonic acid group as a salt in the sodium form.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has a molecular weight of 444.6 and molecular formula C20H37NaO7S.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate (bis-2-ethyl-hexyl sodium
sulfosuccinate).
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate dissolves slowly in water; at 25°C to the extent of 1.5 gm/100cc; at 70°C, 5.5 gm/100cc.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate dissolves in oils,
hydrocarbons, fats and waxs by heating above 75°C and remains in solution when cooled to room temperature.
At room temperature, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is readily soluble in most organic solvents, both polar and non-polar.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is soluble in carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, naphtha, xylene, dibutyl phthalate, liquid petroleum, acetone, alcohol, vegetable oils.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a white waxy solid, soluble in many organic solvents and in water.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an anionic surface active compound, which has marked wetting characteristics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate's detergent properties make it useful for cleaning and peeling fruits and vegetables and cleaning food packaging.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is administered orally or rectally; in tablets, capsules, suppositories and enemas.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used as an emulsifier and dispersant in topical preparations.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate used popularly for crops of olives, almonds, wine grapes, corn and oranges.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as an excipient in the production of tablets (as a lubricant) and suspensions (as an emulsifier).


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the most widely used surfactant in reverse micelle encapsulation studies.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate, when used in conjunction with irrigation, is also an effective means of earwax removal.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as an anionic surfactant: To prepare microemulsion with sodium salt of 3-(cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPSO) for the electrophoresis detection of natural and synthetic estrogens.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to develop reverse micelles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to enhance the electrical conductivity and cell attachment in polycaprolactone fumarate and polypyrrole (PCLF–PPy) composite materials.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an excellent wetting agent for use in aqueous systems even at low concentrations, and for use in mineral dispersions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, finger paints and fertilisers.


Other release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Other release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in the following areas: mining, agriculture, forestry and fishing, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, plastic products and food products.


Other release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as a surfactant, wetting agent and in the preparation of reverse micelles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is utilized in electrophoresis detection of natural and synthetic estrogens.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate also finds use in the drug, cosmetics, food industry and as a laxative to treat constipation.
Further, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as a food additive, emulsifier and dispersant.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate plays an important role as an excipient in the production of tablets and suspensions.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used wetting and solubilizing agent
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in the following products: metal working fluids, polymers, lubricants and greases, hydraulic fluids, plant protection products, pH regulators and water treatment products and textile treatment products and dyes.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and formulation in materials.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in the following products: polymers, washing & cleaning products, textile treatment products and dyes, lubricants and greases, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, leather treatment products and hydraulic fluids.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in the following areas: mining, agriculture, forestry and fishing, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, plastic products and food products.
Release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of the substance.


Release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to make a microemulsion with CAPSO for the electrophoresis detection of natural and synthetic estrogens.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to prepare reverse micelles.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a surfactant that is used in the formulation of aerosol products.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as a matrix for the analytical determination of enzyme activities such as glutathione reductase and cytochrome p450, which are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has been shown to have an optimum concentration of 0.1% and fluorescence probe with a pH range between 7-9.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate also shows ionotropic gelation properties at concentrations greater than 1%.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used as an emulsifying, wetting, and dispersing agent, as a pesticide, as well as a component of the oil dispersant which was used in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill of 2010.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an anionic surfactant, a substance that lowers the surface tension of water.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is administered orally or rectally; in tablets, capsules, suppositories and enemas.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used as an emulsifier and dispersant in topical preparations.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate used popularly for crops of olives, almonds, wine grapes, corn and oranges.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as an excipient in the production of tablets (as a lubricant) and suspensions (as an emulsifier).
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the most widely used surfactant in reverse micelle encapsulation studies.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate, when used in conjunction with irrigation, is also an effective means of earwax removal.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as an anionic surfactant: To prepare microemulsion with sodium salt of 3-(cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPSO) for the electrophoresis detection of natural and synthetic estrogens.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to develop reverse micelles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to enhance the electrical conductivity and cell attachment in polycaprolactone fumarate and polypyrrole (PCLF–PPy) composite materials.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an excellent wetting agent for use in aqueous systems even at low concentrations, and for use in mineral dispersions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as an emulsifier agent for oil-in-water emulsions for emulsion polymerization, agricultural and textile applications.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a laxative used to for the research of constipation, for constipation due to the use of opiates it maybe used with a stimulant laxative, can be taken by mouth or rectally.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as an emulsifier agent for oil-in-water emulsions for emulsion polymerization, agricultural and textile applications.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a surfactant used to prepare reverse micelles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is on the WHO list of essential medicines and is used for palliative care (emollient laxative with stool-softening activity) in oral form as a liquid or capsule.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used as food additive for its emulsifying and humectant activity and in cosmetics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has effective wetting property which makes the industrial use in adhesives and sealants, cleaning and furnishing care products(fabric, textile, and leather products), ink, toner, and colorant products (pigment dispersion); laundry and dishwashing products; lubricants and greases; paints and coatings&paper products.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has fire extinguishing properties since in solutions it generates foam and allows water spreading to contain fires.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has been generally recognized as safe (GRAS)for use in carbonated and non-carbonated beverages functioning as a wetting agent or solubilizer for flavor emulsion stabilizers at levels up to 10 ppm.


-Clinical use of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to make stools softer and easier to pass.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in symptomatic treatment of constipation, and in painful anorectal conditions such as hemorrhoids and anal fissures for people avoiding straining during bowel movements.

Patients taking Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate should drink plenty of water to irrigate the bowel, thereby increasing motility.
Given orally, the effects are usually seen 1 to 3 days after the first dose.
Given rectally, as an enema or suppository, a bowel movement usually occurs within 5 to 20 minutes.

The drug may be used in people who are undergoing opioid pain therapy, are opioid dependent, or on opioid replacement therapy, though prolonged use may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.
Data supporting its efficacy in treating chronic constipation is lacking.



SYNTHESIS OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
The synthesis of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate involves reaction of appropriate alcohol (ie2-Ethyl hexanol) with maleic anhydride followed by addition of sodium bisulfite or starting from sulphosuccinic acid and esterification with alcohol.
Both processes are well known with several patents.
Mixed sulfosuccinates were also prepared for research applications.
For example a series of ethoxylated sodium monoalkyl sulfosuccinate (ESMASS) ester surfactants were prepared by first reacting octyl, lauryl, or cetyl alcohol purifying them and in the second step reacting them with polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 600).



SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE APPLICATIONS IN POLYMER RESEARCH:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used both as dopant and hydrophobizing agent in the oxidative polymerization of pyrole and the polypyrrole grains are used as light-responsive liquid marble stabilizer.
In conducting polymers made from polyaniline, use of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate as dopant improves the metallic-type conductivity, elongations and thermally more stable than material made with other dopants.



SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE APPLICATIONS IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION
Emulsion polymerization falls under the category of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomer, and surfactant (example Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate).
Oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) is the most common type of emulsion polymerization.
In such case droplets of monomer (the oil) are emulsified (with surfactants) in a continuous phase of water.

Briefly the polymerization process may happen when the monomer layer is dispersed or emulsified in a solution of surfactant and water, forming relatively large droplets in water.
Excess surfactant can than create micelles in the water phase. Small amounts of monomer can diffuse through the water to these micelle.

Then a water-soluble initiator is introduced into the water phase where it diffuses inside the micelles and reacts with the monomer.
An important parameter for reaction of initiator in surfactant micelles rather than in the larger monomer droplet results from their large surface areas.
At Esteem, we have the capability to produce industrial grade Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate and other sulfosuccinate esters based on our customer requirements.

Mostly the sulfosuccinate esters we manufacture may be used in emulsion polymerizations as wetting agentsand in the industrial or domestic uses mentioned in the introduction.
A wide range of sulfosuccinate esters based on different alkyl groups and different solvents (water, linear alcohols, PEG/PPG, aromatic solvents) can be manufactured.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Physical state: Wax like
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 173 - 179 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 200 °C at 984 hPa below the boiling point.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: > 180 °C
Decomposition temperature No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 8,17 g/l at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,146 g/cm3 at 27,4 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Surface tension: 30,65 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C

Melting Point: 153°C to 157°C
Density: 1.1 g/mL
Quantity: 100 g
Sensitivity: Hygroscopic
Merck Index: 14,3401
Solubility Information: Soluble in water and methanol.
Formula Weight: 444.55
Percent Purity: 96%
Physical Form: Solid
Chemical Name or Material: Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt
Molecular Formula: C20H37NaO7S
Molecular Weight: 444.56
Storage Details: Ambient
pH: 4.0 - 7.0
Assay: 97% - 100%
Appearance: Pale yellow solid block
Active substance: 92% - 94%
Appearance (Colour): White to off-white
Appearance (Form): Waxy solid
Assay (T): min. 98%
Boiling Point, ºC: >100
Density at 25°C, g/ml: 1.10
Flash Point, °C: >101
Form at 25°C: Liquid
Pour Point, °C: -43
Specific Gravity at 25°C: 1.10
Viscosity at 25°C, cps: 358



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
*Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with suitable equipment.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
AOT
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt
DOSS
Docusate sodium
docusate sodium
dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
aerosol ot
constonate, diox
manoxol ot
diomedicone
clestol
complemix
defilin
1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate
DOCUSATE SODIUM
1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER SODIUM SALT BUTANEDIOIC ACID, SULFO-
1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)SULFOBUTANEDIOATE, SODIUM SALT
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, SULFO, 1,4BIS(2ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER, SODIUM SALT
BUTANEDIOIC ACID, SULFO-, 1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER, SODIUM SALT
DI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)SULFOSUCCINIC ACID, SODIUM SALT
DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER SODIUM SALT SULFOSUCCINIC ACID
DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE SOLUTION
DIETHYLHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUC CINATE
DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
DOCUSATE SODIUM
SODIUM DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SULFOSUCCINATE
SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE
SODIUM SALT 1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)SULFOBUTANEDIOATE
SODIUM SALT BUTANEDIOIC ACID, SULFO-, 1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER
SODIUM SALT SULFOSUCCINIC ACID, DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER
SULFOSUCCINIC ACID, 1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER, SODIUM SALTE
SULFOSUCCINIC ACID, DI-(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER, SODIUM SALT
bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinatic acid sodium salt
docusate sodium
AOT
DOSS
Sodium diethylhexyl sulfosuccinate
Penetrant T
Docusate sodium
Dioctylsulfosuccinate sodium salt
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the common chemical and pharmaceutical name of the anion bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, also commonly called dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS).
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Salts of this anion, especially Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate, are widely used in medicine as laxatives and as stool softeners, by mouth or rectally.

CAS: 577-11-7
MF: C20H37O7S.Na
MW: 444.56
EINECS: 209-406-4

In 2020, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate was the 163rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.
Some studies claim that docusate is not more effective than a placebo for improving constipation.
Other docusate salts with medical use include those of calcium and potassium.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate are also used as food additives, emulsifiers, dispersants, and wetting agents, among other uses.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate was patented in 1937 by Coleman R. Caryl and Alphons O. Jaeger for American Cyanamid, which commercialized it for many years as a detergent under the brand name Aerosol OT.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate's use for the treatment of constipation was first proposed in 1955 by James L. Wilson and David G. Dickinson, and quickly popularized under the name Doxinate.

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a surfactant that is used in the formulation of aerosol products.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as a matrix for the analytical determination of enzyme activities such as glutathione reductase and cytochrome p450, which are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has been shown to have an optimum concentration of 0.1% and fluorescence probe with a pH range between 7-9.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate also shows ionotropic gelation properties at concentrations greater than 1%.

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 173-179 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 82.7°C
Density: 1.1
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Waxy Solid
color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.005_PERCENT VOLATILE: 40
Water Solubility: 1.5 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.05
Merck: 14,3401
BRN: 4117588
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 1.998 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 577-11-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate (577-11-7)

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a white or almost white, waxlike, bitter tasting, plastic solid with a characteristic octanol-like odor.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is hygroscopic and usually available in the form of pellets, flakes, or rolls of tissuethin material.

Uses
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a wetting and emulsifying agent that is slowly soluble in water, having a solubility of 1 g in 70 ml of water.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate functions as a wetting agent in fumaric acid-containing powdered fruit drinks to help the acid dissolve in water.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as a stabilizing agent on gums at not more than 0.5% by weight of the gum.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as a flavor potentiator in canned milk where it improves and maintains the flavor of the sterilized milk during storage.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate also functions as a processing aid in the manufacture of unrefined sugar.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also termed sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a mild surfactant used as a cleans ing agent.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate, used for the treatment of constipation, acting as a laxative or stool softener.
Also used in the synthesis of electrospun fibres for tailored and controlled antibiotic drug release.
Forms reverse micelles in hydrocarbon solvents; Suitable for the solubilization of the major myelin transmembrane proteolipid.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate are widely used as anionic surfactants in pharmaceutical formulations.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is mainly used in capsule and direct-compression tablet formulations to assist in wetting and dissolution.

Medical use
The main medical use of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is to treat constipation, acting as a laxative and stool softener.
In painful anorectal conditions such as hemorrhoid and anal fissures, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can help avoid pain caused by straining during bowel movements.
When administered by mouth, a bowel movement often occurs in 1 to 3 days, while rectal use may be effective within 20 minutes.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is recommended as a stool softener for children.
However, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate's effectiveness for constipation is poorly supported by evidence.
Multiple studies have found docusate to be no more effective than a placebo for improving constipation.
Others have found Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate to be less useful for the treatment of chronic constipation than psyllium.
The medication may be given to people who are receiving opioid medication, although prolonged use may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Other Medical Uses
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate, when used with ear syringing, may help with earwax removal, particularly in the case of impaction.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used as a lubricant in the production of tablets and as an emulsifier in topical preparations and other suspensions.

Precautions and contraindications
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is approved and recommended as safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is not recommended in people with appendicitis, acute abdomen, or ileus.
When taken by mouth Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate should be ingested with plenty of water.

Side Effects
Side effects are uncommon and typically mild, and may include stomach pain, abdominal cramps or diarrhea, Efficacy decreases with long-term use, and may cause poor bowel function.
Serious allergic reactions may occur with the drug.
The most severe side effect of docusate, although very rare, is rectal bleeding.

Interactions
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate might increase resorption of other drugs, for example, dantron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone).

Mechanism of action
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an anionic surfactant, which works by reducing the surface tension of the stool, allowing more intestinal water and fat to combine with the stool.
This decreases the strain and discomfort associated with constipation.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate does not stay in the gastrointestinal tract, but is absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted via the gallbladder after undergoing extensive metabolism.
The effect of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate may not necessarily be all due to its surfactant properties.
Perfusion studies suggest that Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate inhibits fluid absorption or stimulates secretion in the portion of the small intestine known as the jejunum.

Pharmaceutical brand names
In the UK, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is sold under the brand name Docusol (Typharm Ltd) and DulcoEase (Boehringer Ingelheim).
In Australia, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is sold as Coloxyl and Coloxyl with senna.
In India, preparations include Laxatin by Alembic, Doslax by Raptakos Laboratories, Cellubril by AstraZeneca, and Laxicon by Stadmed.

Other uses
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as a surfactant in a wide range of applications, often under the name Aerosol-OT.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is unusual in that it is able to form microemulsions without the use of co-surfactants, and it has a rich variety of aqueous-phase behavior including multiple liquid crystalline phases.

Food Additive
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has been approved by the US FDA as a "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) additive.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in a variety of food products, as a surface active agent, stabilizer, thickener, wetting agent, processing aid, solubilizing agent, emulsifier, and dispersant.
The highest amount found in food products is 0.5% by weight, which include pasteurized cheese spreads, cream cheeses and salad dressings.
The FDA also approved its use as a wetting agent or solubilizer for flavoring agents in carbonated and non-carbonated drinks at levels up to 10 parts per million.

Microencapsulation
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the most widely used surfactant in reverse micelle encapsulation studies.

Chemistry
The structural formula of the docusate anion is R−O−C(=O)−CH(SO−3)−CH2−C(=O)−O−R, where R is the 2-ethylhexyl group H3C−(CH2)3−C(−CH2−CH3)H−CH2−.
The conjugate acid can be described as the twofold carboxylate ester of sulfosuccinic acid with 2-ethylhexanol.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a white, wax-like, plastic solid, with an odor suggestive of octyl alcohol.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate starts to decompose at about 220 °C.
Solubility of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate in water is 14 g/L at 25 °C, increasing to 55 g/L at 70 °C.

Solubility is better in less polar solvents: 1:30 in ethanol, 1:1 in chloroform and diethylether, and practically unlimited in petroleum ether (25 °C).
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate also is highly soluble in glycerol, although this is a rather polar solvent.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also highly soluble in xylene, oleic acid, acetone, diacetone alcohol, methanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, furfurol, and vegetable oils.
The ester groups are easily cleaved under basic conditions, but are stable against acids.

Synthesis
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be obtained by treating dioctyl maleate with sodium bisulfite.
The bisulfite anion adds to the double bond:
−CH=CH− + HSO−3 → −CH(−SO−3)−CH2−

Toxicity
Ingestion may cause the side effects described above, such as diarrhea, intestinal bloating, and occasionally cramping pains.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is not known to be carcinogenic, mutagenic, or teratogenic.

Marine species
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is of low toxicity for crustaceans such as the hermit crab Clibanarius erythropus and the shrimp Crangon crangon.
Toxicity for molluscs varies widely, with 48-hour LD50 found between 5 mg/L for the common limpet and 100 mg/L for the common periwinkle.
Various species of phytoplankton have an LD50 around 8 mg/L.

In a 2010 study, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate exhibited higher toxicity against bacteria (Vibrio fischeri, Anabaena sp.) and algae (Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) than did a number of fluorinated surfactants (PFOS, PFOA, or PFBS).
Measuring bioluminescence inhibition of the bacteria and growth inhibition of the algae, the LD50 were in the range of 43–75 mg/L.
Combinations of the fluorinated compounds with Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate showed mid to highly synergistic effects in most settings, meaning that such combinations are significantly more toxic than the individual substances.

Freshwater species
The substance is highly toxic for rainbow trout with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.56 mg/L after 48 hours for the pure substance.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is only slightly to moderately toxic for rainbow trout fingerlings, and slightly toxic for harlequin rasboras (LC50 27 mg/L of a 60% formulation after 48 hours).

Production Methods
Maleic anhydride is treated with 2-ethylhexanol to produce dioctyl maleate, which is then reacted with sodium bisulfite.

Reactivity Profile
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate causes foaming and spreading of water.
Assists in putting out fires by water.

Health Hazard
Liquid is strong irritant to eye and may irritate skin by removing natural oils.
Ingestion causes diarrhea and intestinal bloating.

Fire Hazard
Behavior in Fire: Causes foaming and spreading of water.
Assists in putting out fires by water.

Synonyms
Docusate sodium
577-11-7
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt
Aerosol OT
Constonate
Dioctylal
Diotilan
Disonate
Molatoc
Regutol
Doxol
Nevax
Velmol
Docusate (Sodium)
Doxinate
Colace
Dialose
Molcer
Soliwax
Waxsol
Docusate sodium salt
Diox
Manoxol OT
Adekacol EC 8600
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt
Comfolax
Coprola
Dulcivac
Eurowet
Jamylene
Empimin op70
Sanmorin ot 70n
Airrol ct-1
Mackanate dos-70
Nikkol otp-75
Triton gr-pg 70
Gemtex pa-70
Rapisol a 30
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
Nissan rapisol a 30
Dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid
Ins no.480
Monawet mo 65-150
Ins-480
Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
F05Q2T2JA0
DTXSID8022959
Sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Diethylhexyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate
sodium 1,4-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate
sodium docusate
NSC-760404
AOT
Diomedicone
Clestol
Complemix
Defilin
Dioctlyn
Diosuccin
Dulsivac
Laxinate
Mervamine
Molofac
Requtol
Sobital
Coprol
Diovac
Konlax
Kosate
Obston
Softil
Revac
E 480
E-480
Modane Soft
Alcopol O
Alphasol OT
Manoxal OT
Sulfimel DOS
Aerosol AOT
Aerosol GPG
Wetaid SR
Aerosol OT-A
Laxinate 100
Sanmorin OT 70
Triton GR 7
Triton GR-5
DTXCID102959
Aerosol OT 70PG
Aerosol OT 75
Celanol DOS 65
Celanol DOS 75
DESS
Humifen WT 27G
Monawet MD 70E
Solusol-75%
Nikkol OTP 70
Aerosol A 501
Alkasurf SS-O 75
Solusol-100%
Nekal WT-27
Berol 478
Coloxyl
Dioctyl
Docolace
Docuprene
Geriplex
Silace
Unilax
Bloat treatment
Docusato sodico
Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (JAN)
Docusate sodique
Dialose Plus
Natrii dioctylsulfosuccinas
Tex-Wet 1001
Senokot S
Correctol Caplets
Correctol Tablets
Senokap DSS
Docusatum natricum
D-S-S
Doc Q Lace
CAS-577-11-7
Sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate
DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE [JAN]
Correctol Extra Gentle Tablets
Docusate sodique [INN-French]
Docusato sodico [INN-Spanish]
Docusatum natricum [INN-Latin]
HSDB 3065
2-Ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate sodium
NCGC00164140-03
EINECS 209-406-4
SV 102
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
Sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinat
UNII-F05Q2T2JA0
Prenexa
Purgasol
Vinacol
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) S-sodium sulfosuccinate
AI3-00239
Docusate Sod
Sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate
1,4-Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
Sodium sulfodi-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate
Senexon-S
Folca[s care pme
Folcal DHA
Senna-S
Di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinic acid, sodium salt
Bis(ethylhexyl) ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid
Bis-2-ethylhexylester sulfojantaranu sodneho [Czech]
Colace (TN)
MFCD00012455
Sodium di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate
Sulfosuccinic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester sodium salt
Docusate sodium [USAN:USP:INN:BAN]
Sol sodowej sulfobursztynianu dwu-2-etyloheksylowego [Polish]
Docusate sodium (USP)
Bis-2-ethylhexylester sulfojantaranu sodneho
CHEMAX DOSS/75E
Succinic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
NCGC00183136-01
EC 209-406-4
SCHEMBL4113
DOCUSATE SODIUM [II]
DOCUSATE SODIUM [MI]
MLS004773938
DOCUSATE SODIUM [INN]
1,4-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfobutanedioate, sodium salt
Sol sodowej sulfobursztynianu dwu-2-etyloheksylowego
DOCUSATE SODIUM [HSDB]
DOCUSATE SODIUM [USAN]
CHEBI:4674
Sulfosuccinic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt
DOCUSATE SODIUM [VANDF]
CHEMBL1905872
DOCUSATE SODIUM [MART.]
Correctol Stool Softener Laxative
DOCUSATE SODIUM [USP-RS]
DOCUSATE SODIUM [WHO-DD]
Sulfosuccinic acid, di-(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
HMS3264P07
HMS3885B10
sodium;1,4-bis(2-ethylhexoxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate
BCP31325
HY-B1268
4-(4-Bromophenoxymethyl)benzoicacid
Aerosol™ OT, Solid Anhydrous
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (INN)
Tox21_112087
Tox21_113469
Tox21_201342
Tox21_300496
s4588
DIOCTYL DISODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
AKOS015901806
DOCUSATE SODIUM [USP IMPURITY]
CCG-213234
CS-4813
DOCUSATE SODIUM [USP MONOGRAPH]
NSC 760404
Sodium Di(2-ethylhexyl) Sulfosuccinate
Docusate sodium salt, BioXtra, >=99%
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt, 96%
NCGC00164140-01
NCGC00254414-01
NCGC00258894-01
AS-13347
E480
SMR001595510
DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE [FCC]
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate with Ethanol
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinatesodium salt
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt, >=97%
AEC DIETHYLHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
FT-0689234
D00305
Docusate sodium salt, p.a., 99.0-100.5%
E77584
DIETHYLHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE [INCI]
Docusate sodium salt, purum, >=96.0% (TLC)
Docusate sodium salt, BioUltra, >=99.0% (TLC)
Docusate sodium, meets USP testing specifications
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate with Diethylene Glycol
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate with Propylene Glycol
Q2815334
W-105447
F8880-5559
Docusate sodium, British Pharmacopoeia (BP) Reference Standard
Docusate sodium, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate
Docusate sodium, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodiumsulfosuccinate pound>>Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt
Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt (1:1)

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an excellent wetting agent for use in aqueous systems even at low concentrations, and for use in mineral dispersions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate (bis-2-ethyl-hexyl sodium
sulfosuccinate).


CAS Number: 577-11-7
EC Number: 209-406-4
MDL Number: MFCD00012455
Chemical Name: Docusate sodium; Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CH2O2CCH2CH(SO3Na)CO2CH2CH(C2H5)(CH2)3CH3
Molecular Formula: C20H37NaO7S


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a sodium salt of the diester of 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and sulfosuccinic acid.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a surfactant used to prepare reverse micelles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a white waxy solid, soluble in many organic solvents and in water.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an anionic surface active compound, which has marked wetting characteristics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate dissolves slowly in water; at 25°C to the extent of 1.5 gm/100cc; at 70°C, 5.5 gm/100cc.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate dissolves in oils, hydrocarbons, fats and waxs by heating above 75°C and remains in solution when cooled to room temperature.
At room temperature, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is readily soluble in most organic solvents, both polar and non-polar.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an excellent wetting agent for use in aqueous systems even at low concentrations, and for use in mineral dispersions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is colorless or light yellow liquid, soluble in water and organic solvents such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a surfactant that is used in the formulation of aerosol products.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate also called docusate sodium or DOSS is a 2-ethyl hexyl diester of succinic acid with a sulphonic acid group as a salt in the sodium form.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has a molecular weight of 444.6 and molecular formula C20H37NaO7S.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is generally immediately available in most volumes, including bulk quantities.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters.


These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an anionic surfactant.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate, the sodium salt of sulfosuccinic acid.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is sparingly soluble in water; very soluble in solvent hexane; freely soluble in alcohol and in glycerin
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate (bis-2-ethyl-hexyl sodium
sulfosuccinate).



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used for dyeing raw cotton; used for pesticide wettable powder.
Has moisturizing, decontaminating properties, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to treat constipation, used as a laxative or stool softener.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used in the synthesis of electrospun fibers for tailoring and controlling antibiotic drug release.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used thickener; Emulsifier; Wetting agent.
Also called aerosol OT, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as a lubricant and can be used as a surfactant in the printing and dyeing industry and cosmetics industry.


Surfactant, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as a leveling agent in the printing and dyeing industry, and can also be used as a photosensitive material emulsion.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an effective laxative used to treat constipation.


Acting as an ionic surfactant, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate enhances water content within the intestinal lumen, leading to softer stool and facilitating bowel movements.
By elevating the surface tension between the stool and intestinal wall, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate promotes easier expulsion of the stool, thereby alleviating constipation.


Its detergent properties make Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate useful for cleaning and peeling fruits and vegetables and cleaning food packaging.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used in various pharmaceutical products.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as an emulsifier agent for oil-in-water emulsions for emulsion polymerization, agricultural and textile applications.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to make a microemulsion with CAPSO for the electrophoresis detection of natural and synthetic estrogens.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to prepare reverse micelles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used all-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an anionic surfactant substance that traditionally has been recommended as a laxative and stool softener for a variety of vertebrates ranging from humans to rodents.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has been advocated for the same use in reptiles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is on the WHO list of essential medicines and is used for palliative care (emollient laxative with stool-softening activity) in oral form as a liquid or capsule.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used as food additive for its emulsifying and humectant activity and in cosmetics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has effective wetting property which makes the industrial use in adhesives and sealants, cleaning and furnishing care products(fabric, textile, and leather products), ink, toner, and colorant products (pigment dispersion); laundry and dishwashing products; lubricants and greases; paints and coatings&paper products.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has fire extinguishing properties since in solutions it generates foam and allows water spreading to contain fires.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has been generally recognized as safe (GRAS)for use in carbonated and non-carbonated beverages functioning as a wetting agent or solubilizer for flavor emulsion stabilizers at levels up to 10 ppm.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as a matrix for the analytical determination of enzyme activities such as glutathione reductase and cytochrome p450, which are involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has been shown to have an optimum concentration of 0.1% and fluorescence probe with a pH range between 7-9.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate also shows ionotropic gelation properties at concentrations greater than 1%.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used as a wetting agent.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to make a microemulsion with CAPSO for the electrophoresis detection of natural and synthetic estrogens.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used to prepare reverse micelles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is easily soluble in water, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is milky white, not resistant to strong acids, strong bases, heavy metal salts and reducing agents.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate penetrates quickly and evenly.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has good wetting, penetrating, emulsifying and foaming properties.
The penetration effect is the best when it is below 40℃, and it is easy to hydrolyze when it meets alkali at high temperature.


The penetrant T is not resistant to strong alkalis and cannot be added directly to concentrated alkaline solution.
The penetrant T should be added after diluting the alkaline solution.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a highly effective penetrant, used to treat cotton, hemp, viscose and its blended products.


The treated fabric is directly bleached or dyed without scouring, which can improve the dyeing defects caused by dead cotton.
The fabric feels softer and fuller.
When practicing green bleaching, the dyestuff should be withdrawn first to ensure the penetration effect.



SYNTHESIS of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
The synthesis of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate involves reaction of appropriate alcohol (ie2-Ethyl hexanol) with maleic anhydride followed by addition of sodium bisulfite or starting from sulphosuccinic acid and esterification with Mixed sulfosuccinates werealso prepared for research applications. For example a series of ethoxylated sodium monoalkyl sulfosuccinate (ESMASS) ester surfactants were prepared by first reacting octyl, lauryl, or cetyl alcohol purifying them and in the second step reacting them with polyethylene glycol (molecular weight 600).



SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE APPLICATIONS IN POLYMER RESEARCH:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used both as dopant and hydrophobizing agent in the oxidative polymerization of pyrole and the polypyrrole grains are used as light-responsive liquid marble stabilizer.
In conducting polymers made from polyaniline, use of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate as dopant improves the metallic-type conductivity, elongations and thermally more stable than material made with other dopants.



SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE APPLICATIONS IN EMULSION POLYMERIZATION:
Emulsion polymerization falls uder the category of radical polymerization that usually starts with an emulsion incorporating water, monomer, and surfactant (example Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate).
Oil-in-water emulsion (O/W) is the most common type of emulsion polymerization.

In such case droplets of monomer (the oil) are emulsified (with surfactants) in a continuous phase of water.
Briefly the polymerization process may happen when the monomer layer is dispersed or emulsified in a solution of surfactant and water, forming relatively large droplets in water.

Excess surfactant can than create micelles in the water phase.
Small amounts of monomer can diffuse through the water to these micelle.
Then a water-soluble initiator is introduced into the water phase where it diffuses inside the micelles and reacts with the monomer.
An important parameter for reaction of initiator in surfactant micelles rather than in the larger monomer droplet results from their large surface areas.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
*Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Sulfonyls
*Organosulfonic acids
*Alkanesulfonic acids
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Organic sodium salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
*Fatty acid ester
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
*Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
*Organosulfonic acid
*Sulfonyl
*Alkanesulfonic acid
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic alkali metal salt
*Carbonyl group
*Organosulfur compound
*Organooxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic salt
*Organic sodium salt
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Molecular Weight: 444.6 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 20
Exact Mass: 444.21576897 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 444.21576897 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 118Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 29
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 517
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

CAS: 577-11-7
Molecular Formula: C20H37NaO7S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 444.56
MDL Number: MFCD00012455
InChI Key: APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYNA-M
Melting point: 173-179°C(lit.)
Boiling point: 82.7°C
Density: 1.1
Storage conditions: Inertatmosphere, RoomTemperature
Solubility: methanol:0.1
Form: WaxySolid
Specific gravity: 1.005_PERCENTVOLATILE:40
Color: White
Water solubility: 1.5g/100mL(25ºC)
Physical state: Wax like
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/range: 173 - 179 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 200 °C at 984 hPa

Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: > 180 °C - Relative self-ignition temperature for solids
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility 8,17 g/l at 20 °C - Regulation (EC) No. 440/2008, Annex, A.6- soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,146 g/cm3 at 27,4 °C - OECD Test Guideline 109
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: The product has been shown not to be oxidizing in a test following Directive 67/548/EEC.
Surface tension: 30,65 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
CAS: 577-11-7

Molecular Formula: C20H37NaO7S
Molecular Weight: 444.56
Storage Details: Ambient
Harmonised Tariff Code: 29171980 EXP 2917198090 IMP
pH: 4.0 - 7.0
Assay: 97% - 100%
Appearance: Pale yellow solid block
Active substance: 92% - 94%
Compound Formula: C20H37NaO7S
Molecular Weight: 444.56
Appearance: White Waxlike Sheet
Melting Point: 173-179°C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 444.215769
Monoisotopic Mass: 444.215769
Chemical Formula: C20H37NaO7S
Average Molecular Mass: 444.560 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 444.216 g/mol

CAS Registry Number: 577-11-7
IUPAC Name: sodium 1,4-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate
Traditional Name: sodium 1,4-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate
SMILES: [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC)S([O-])(=O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C20H38O7S.Na/c1-5-9-11-16(7-3)14-26-19(21)13-18(28(23,24)25)20(22)27-15-17(8-4)12-10-6-2;/h16-18H,5-15H2,1-4H3,(H,23,24,25);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key: APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Water Solubility: 0.0031 g/L
logP: 4.36
logP: 5.24
logS: -5.2
pKa (Strongest Acidic): -0.75
pKa (Strongest Basic): -6.9
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 5
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 109.8 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 18
Refractivity: 106.23 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 46.82 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 0
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with suitable equipment.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Body Protection:
Protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Dioctyl sodiosulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt
Sodium bis(octyl)sulfosuccinate
Sodium di-n-octyl sulfosuccinate
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Sodium O,O-dioctylsulfosuccinic acid
Sodium sulfosuccinic acid dioctyl ester
Sulfosuccinic acid 1,4-dioctyl ester sodium salt
1639-66-3
Bu-cerumen
Texapon DOS
DI-N-OCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
Butyl-cerumen
Solbaleite
Neocol SW 30
Elfanol 883
Caswell No. 392I
Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-dioctyl ester, sodium salt
Sodium di-n-octylsulfosuccinate
HSDB 4086
NSC 7779
EINECS 216-684-0
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079027
Succinic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-dioctyl ester, sodium salt
UNII-4YLY5570Y0
1,4-Bis(n-octyl) sulfobutanedioate, sodium salt
4YLY5570Y0
Succinic acid, sulfo-, dioctyl ester, sodium salt
Sulfobutanedioic acid, 1,4-di(n-octyl) ester, sodium salt
MKC
NSC-7779
SCHEMBL22809
C20H37O7S.Na
DTXSID7041881
2-(Sodiosulfo)succinic acid dioctyl
LS-147500
SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE [HSDB]
DICAPRYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE [INCI]
EN300-22170136
sodium;1,4-dioctoxy-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate
Q27260677
SODIUM 1,2-BIS(OCTYLOXYCARBONYL)-1-ETHANESULFONATE
SODIUM 1,4-BIS(OCTYLOXY)-1,4-DIOXOBUTANE-2-SULFONATE
Docusatnatrium
SULPHOSUCCINICACID,DIOCTYLESTER,SODIUMSALT
SUCCINICACID,SULPHO-1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)ESTER,SODIUMS
SODIUMDI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)SULPHOSUCCINATE
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate)
DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFUSUCCINATE
Di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinic acid,sodium salt
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate solution sodium salt
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt, Docusate sodium
AOT, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt, DOSS, Docusate sodium
Docusate sodium
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt
AOT
DOSS
bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinatic acid sodium salt
docusate sodium
DSS
bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinatic acid sodium salt
docusate sodium
AOT
DOSS
Docusate sodium, Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium salt
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Colace
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid
Sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate
Sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinic acid
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinic acid
Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate
Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinic acid
Sodium 1,4-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonic acid
Sodium 1,4-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonate
Sodium 1,4-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulphonic acid
Docusic acid sodium
Aerosol ot
Dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid, calcium salt
Sodium sulfosuccinate, diethylhexyl
Diethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid, ammonium salt
Dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid, potassium salt
Docusate potassium
Sulfosuccinate, diethylhexyl sodium
Dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid, barium salt
Dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid, magnesium salt
Dioctylsulphosuccinate, sodium
Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate
Sodium dioctylsulphosuccinate
DOSS
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid, sodium salt
Sulfosuccinates, dioctyl
DEH-na-SS
Sulfosuccinate, dioctyl
Dioctyl sulfosuccinates
Dioctylsulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium
Dioctyl sulfosuccinic acid
Docusate
DEH na SS
Docusate calcium
Sulfosuccinic acid bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester
Bis (2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
1,4-Bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfobutanedioic acid sodium salt
Butanedioic acid, sulfo-,1,4-bis( 2-ethylhexyl ) ester, sodium salt
Dioctyl sulfosodiumsuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt Docusate sodium
DSS
2-Ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate sodium
NaDOSS
Sodium 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate Sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Sodium di (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Sulfobutanedioic acid 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt
Sulfosuccinic acid 1,4-bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt
Butanedioic acid, 2-sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt (1:1)
Docusate sodium
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate
bis(2-Ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sodium sufosuccinate
Sorbital
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Docusate Sodium
Sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Sulfosuccinic acid, di-(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
Succinic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt

DESCRIPTION:


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the common chemical and pharmaceutical name of the anion bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, also commonly called dioctyl sulfosuccinate (DOSS).
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Salts of this anion, especially Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate sodium, are widely used in medicine as laxatives and as stool softeners, by mouth or rectally.

CAS Number: 577-11-7
EC Number: 209-406-4
Molecular Weight: 444.56
Molecular Formula: C20H37NaO7S


In 2020, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate was the 163rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 3 million prescriptions.
Some studies claim that Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is not more effective than a placebo for improving constipation.

Other Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate salts with medical use include those of calcium and potassium.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate salts are also used as food additives, emulsifiers, dispersants, and wetting agents, among other uses.


All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.


APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used as an anionic surfactant
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used To prepare microemulsion with sodium salt of 3-(cyclohexylamino)-2-hydroxy-1-propanesulfonic acid (CAPSO) for the electrophoresis detection of natural and synthetic estrogens.

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used To develop reverse micelles.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate can be used To enhance the electrical conductivity and cell attachment in polycaprolactone fumarate and polypyrrole (PCLF–PPy) composite materials.



HISTORY OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate was patented in 1937 by Coleman R. Caryl and Alphons O. Jaeger for American Cyanamid, which commercialized it for many years as a detergent under the brand name Aerosol OT.
Its use for the treatment of constipation was first proposed in 1955 by James L. Wilson and David G. Dickinson, and quickly popularized under the name Doxinate.

MEDICAL USES OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Constipation:
The main medical use of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is to treat constipation, acting as a laxative and stool softener.
In painful anorectal conditions such as hemorrhoid and anal fissures, it can help avoid pain caused by straining during bowel movements.

When administered by mouth, a bowel movement often occurs in 1 to 3 days, while rectal use may be effective within 20 minutes.

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is recommended as a stool softener for children.
However, its effectiveness for constipation is poorly supported by evidence.
Multiple studies have found Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate to be no more effective than a placebo for improving constipation.

Others have found it to be less useful for the treatment of chronic constipation than psyllium.
The medication may be given to people who are receiving opioid medication, although prolonged use may cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.

Other medical uses:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate, when used with ear syringing, may help with earwax removal, particularly in the case of impaction.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also used as a lubricant in the production of tablets and as an emulsifier in topical preparations and other suspensions.

PRECAUTIONS AND CONTRAINDICATIONS OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is approved and recommended as safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is not recommended in people with appendicitis, acute abdomen, or ileus.
When taken by mouth it should be ingested with plenty of water.


INTERACTIONS OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate might increase resorption of other drugs, for example, dantron (1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone).

MECHANISM OF ACTION OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is an anionic surfactant, which works by reducing the surface tension of the stool, allowing more intestinal water and fat to combine with the stool.
This decreases the strain and discomfort associated with constipation.

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate does not stay in the gastrointestinal tract, but is absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted via the gallbladder after undergoing extensive metabolism.

The effect of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate may not necessarily be all due to its surfactant properties.
Perfusion studies suggest that Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate inhibits fluid absorption or stimulates secretion in the portion of the small intestine known as the jejunum

OTHER USES OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate is used as a surfactant in a wide range of applications, often under the name Aerosol-OT.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is unusual in that it is able to form microemulsions without the use of co-surfactants, and it has a rich variety of aqueous-phase behavior including multiple liquid crystalline phases.

Food additive:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate has been approved by the US FDA as a "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) additive.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is used in a variety of food products, as a surface active agent, stabilizer, thickener, wetting agent, processing aid, solubilizing agent, emulsifier, and dispersant.

The highest amount found in food products is 0.5% by weight, which include pasteurized cheese spreads, cream cheeses and salad dressings.
The FDA also approved its use as a wetting agent or solubilizer for flavoring agents in carbonated and non-carbonated drinks at levels up to 10 parts per million.

Microencapsulation:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is the most widely used surfactant in reverse micelle encapsulation studies.

CHEMISTRY OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE
Structure and properties:
The structural formula of the Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate anion is R−O−C(=O)−CH(SO−3)−CH2−C(=O)−O−R, where R is the 2-ethylhexyl group H3C−(CH2)3−C(−CH2−CH3)H−CH2−.
The conjugate acid can be described as the twofold carboxylate ester of sulfosuccinic acid with 2-ethylhexanol.

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is a white, wax-like, plastic solid, with an odor suggestive of octyl alcohol.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate starts to decompose at about 220 °C.
Solubility of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate in water is 14 g/L at 25 °C, increasing to 55 g/L at 70 °C.
Solubility is better in less polar solvents: 1:30 in ethanol, 1:1 in chloroform and diethylether, and practically unlimited in petroleum ether (25 °C).

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate also is highly soluble in glycerol, although this is a rather polar solvent.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate is also highly soluble in xylene, oleic acid, acetone, diacetone alcohol, methanol, isopropanol, 2-butanol, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, furfurol, and vegetable oils.
The ester groups are easily cleaved under basic conditions, but are stable against acids.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Quality Level: 200
Assay:≥97%
Form:solid
Mp: 173-179 °C (lit.)
Formula C20H37O7S
Molar mass 421.57 g•mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
Interactive image
as salt: Interactive image
Density 1.1 g/cm3
Melting point 153 to 157 °C (307 to 315 °F) 173-179 °C
Solubility in water 1 in 70 parts mg/mL (20 °C)
Molecular Weight 444.6 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 7
Rotatable Bond Count 20
Exact Mass 444.21576897 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 444.21576897 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 118Ų
Heavy Atom Count 29
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 517
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Melting Point 153°C to 157°C
Density 1.1 g/mL
Quantity 100 g
Sensitivity Hygroscopic
Merck Index 14,3401
Solubility Information Soluble in water and methanol.
Formula Weight 444.55
Percent Purity 96%
Physical Form Solid
Chemical Name or Material Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt



SYNONYMS OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:

Aerosol OT
Colace
DEH Na SS
DEH-Na-SS
diethylhexyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate, Sodium
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinates
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Ammonium Salt
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Barium Salt
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Calcium Salt
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Magnesium Salt
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Potassium Salt
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid, Sodium Salt
Dioctylsulfosuccinate
Dioctylsulphosuccinate, Sodium
Docusate
Docusate Calcium
Docusate Potassium
Docusate Sodium
DOSS
Sodium Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate
Sodium Dioctylsulphosuccinate
Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Diethylhexyl
Sulfosuccinate, Diethylhexyl Sodium
Sulfosuccinate, Dioctyl
Sulfosuccinates, Dioctyl
Sulfosuccinic Acid bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester
Dioctyl sodiosulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt
Sodium bis(octyl)sulfosuccinate
Sodium di-n-octyl sulfosuccinate
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Sodium O,O-dioctylsulfosuccinic acid
Sodium sulfosuccinic acid dioctyl ester
Sulfosuccinic acid 1,4-dioctyl ester sodium salt
Texapon DOS
DI-N-OCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
1639-66-3
Butyl-cerumen
Bu-cerumen
Neocol SW 30
Solbaleite
Elfanol 883
Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-dioctyl ester, sodium salt
Succinic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-dioctyl ester, sodium salt
1,4-Bis(n-octyl) sulfobutanedioate, sodium salt
4YLY5570Y0
Sulfobutanedioic acid, 1,4-di(n-octyl) ester, sodium salt
Succinic acid, sulfo-, dioctyl ester, sodium salt
Caswell No. 392I
NSC-7779
Sodium di-n-octylsulfosuccinate
HSDB 4086
NSC 7779
EINECS 216-684-0
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079027
UNII-4YLY5570Y0
Dioktylester sulfojantaranu sodneho [Czech]
Dioktylester sulfojantaranu sodneho
SCHEMBL22809
DTXSID7041881
SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE [HSDB]
DICAPRYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE [INCI]
EN300-22170136
sodium;1,4-dioctoxy-1,4-dioxobutane-2-sulfonate
Q27260677
SODIUM 1,2-BIS(OCTYLOXYCARBONYL)-1-ETHANESULFONATE
SODIUM 1,4-BIS(OCTYLOXY)-1,4-DIOXOBUTANE-2-SULFONATE

Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is colorless to yellowish liquid, easy soluble in water, solution is milk white, PH value 5.0-7.0 (1% aqueous solution), soluble in low alcohol etc hydrophilia solvent, also soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, kerosene, petroleum series solvent.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is an odorless colorless to white waxy solid.


CAS Number: 577-11-7
EC number: 216-684-0
Molecular Fomula: C20H37O7S.Na
Chemical Name: Sodium Di Octyl Sulfosuccinate (DOSS)
Chemical Groups: Anionic Surfactant


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is non-flammable.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a highly effective anionic wetting agent, penetrating agent and surface tension reducer.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is easier to handle compared to DOS-75 due to its lower concentration.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate has good wetting, penetrating, emulsifying and foaming properties.
The penetration effect is the best when it is below 40℃, and it is easy to hydrolyze when Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate meets alkali at high temperature.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a kind anionic surfactant, have good wettability, permeability, emulsibility and foamability.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate functions as a potent wetting agent for aqueous systems and mineral dispersions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate also serves as an emulsifying agent for oil-in-water emulsions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate's applications encompass emulsion polymerization and agriculture, and its production is centered in Europe.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a very good wetting agent for aqueous systems and for mineral dispersions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a kind anionic surfactant, have good wettability, permeability, emulsibility and foamability.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is manufactured in Europe.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate sinks and mixes slowly with water.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a very good wetting agent for aqueous systems and for mineral dispersions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate can be a useful emulsifier agent for oil in water emulsions.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate finds application in emulsion polymerization and agricultural applications.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a white solid, often supplied as an aqueous solution
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate mixes slowly with water.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate causes foaming and spreading of water.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate assists in putting out fires by water.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate not able to bear strong acid, strong alkali, heavy metallic salt and reductant etc.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate to treatment cotton, fibre, viscose and their blended products, can directly bleached or dyed without boiling off after treated fabric, can improve dyeing defects caused by dead cotton.


The treated fabric is directly bleached or dyed without scouring, which can improve the dyeing defects caused by dead cotton.
The fabric feels softer and fuller.
When practicing green bleaching, the dyestuff should be withdrawn first to ensure the penetration effect.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is easily soluble in water, the solution is milky white, not resistant to strong acids, strong bases, heavy metal salts and reducing agents.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate penetrates quickly and evenly.


The penetrant T is not resistant to strong alkalis and cannot be added directly to concentrated alkaline solution.
The penetrant T should be added after diluting the alkaline solution.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a highly effective penetrant, used to treat cotton, hemp, viscose and its blended products.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Other release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used as a stabilizing agent on gums at not more than 0.5% by weight of the gum.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used as a flavor potentiator in canned milk where it improves and maintains the flavor of the sterilized milk during storage.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, plastic products and food products.
Release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of the substance.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, plastic products and food products.
Other release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is also termed sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used for the treatment of constipation, acting as a laxative or stool softener.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is also used in the synthesis of electrospun fibres for tailored and controlled antibiotic drug release.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used in the following products: polymers, washing & cleaning products, textile treatment products and dyes, lubricants and greases, pH regulators and water treatment products, metal working fluids, leather treatment products and hydraulic fluids.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used in the following areas: mining, agriculture, forestry and fishing, municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a very good wetting agent for aqueous systems (even at low concentrations) and for mineral dispersions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate can be a useful emulsifier agent for oil in water emulsions.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used in Emulsion Polymerisation and textile industry.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a mild surfactant used as a cleansing agent.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a wetting and emulsifying agent that is slowly soluble in water, having a solubility of 1 g in 70 ml of water.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used as a wetting agent in fumaric acid-containing powdered fruit drinks to help the acid dissolve in water.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate forms reverse micelles in hydrocarbon solvents.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is suitable for the solubilization of the major myelin transmembrane proteolipid
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used anticholinergic, treatment of motion sickness.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, finger paints and fertilisers.


Other release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).


Main use of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate in textile industry, cosmetics industry, printing and dyeing industry, Aerosol OT, pesticide and photosensitive materials.
Applications & Uses of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate: Agriculture & Feed, HI&I Care,


Industrial Applications of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate: Industrial — Chemical & Industrial Manufacturing, Chemical Manufacturing, HI&I Care — Home Care, Surface Care
HI&I Care — Institutional & Industrial Care, Industrial Cleaning, Institutional & Catering, Industrial — Leather & Textiles, Textile Manufacturing, Agriculture & Feed — Pest Control, and Agricultural Pest Control.


Applicable Processes of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate: Emulsion Polymerization, and Latex Manufacturing.
Home Care Applications of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate: Hard Surface Cleaners.
I&I Cleaning Applications of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate: Industrial Cleaners, Institutional Cleaners, Industrial Additives End Use, and Textiles.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used in the following products: metal working fluids, polymers, lubricants and greases, hydraulic fluids, plant protection products, pH regulators and water treatment products and textile treatment products and dyes.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, for thermoplastic manufacture and formulation in materials.


Release to the environment of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products and polishes and waxes.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used in the following areas: mining, agriculture, forestry and fishing, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a Food Additive 480, used in medicine, as a processing aid.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used as a foecal softening agent in the management of constipation: thought to act by stimulating intestinal secretions and by increasing fluid flow into the faeces.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is also used for softening wax in the ear.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is colorless or light yellow liquid, soluble in water and organic solvents such as benzene and carbon tetrachloride.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate has moisturizing, decontaminating properties, used to treat constipation, used as a laxative or stool softener.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is also used in the synthesis of electrospun fibers for tailoring and controlling antibiotic drug release.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used Thickener; Emulsifier; Wetting agent.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used as a lubricant and can be used as a surfactant in the printing and dyeing industry and cosmetics industry.


Surfactant, Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used as a leveling agent in the printing and dyeing industry, and can also be used as a photosensitive material emulsion.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used for dyeing raw cotton; used for pesticide wettable powder


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used as penetrating agent, additive and chemical intermediate in the industry.
Cosmetic Uses of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate: cleansing agents, surfactants, surfactant - emulsifying, and surfactant - hydrotrope
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used all-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries.


Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is used as a wetting agent, dispersant, emulsifier, stabiliser for hydrophilic colloids.


-Pharmaceutical Applications of Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is widely used as anionic surfactants in pharmaceutical formulations.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is mainly used in capsule and direct-compression tablet formulations to assist in wetting and dissolution.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is a white or almost white, waxlike, bitter tasting, plastic solid with a characteristic octanol-like odor.
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccınate is hygroscopic and usually available in the form of pellets, flakes, or rolls of tissuethin material.



FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
*Emulsifier
*Latex Frothing Agent
*Adjuvant
*Wetting Agents



FORMULATION TYPE OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
*Capsule Suspensions
*Concentrated Aqueous Emulsions
*Microemulsions
*Oil in Water Emulsions
*Suspension Concentrates
*Suspoemulsions
*Water-Dispersible Granules (WDG)
*Wettable Powders



FAMILIES OF SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
*Agrochemicals — Adjuvants & Formulation Ingredients
Dispersants & Emulsifiers

*Stickers, Surfactants & Wetting Agents
Cleaning Ingredients — Cleaning Aids
Emulsifiers & Demulsifiers

*Wetting & Dispersion Aids
Industrial Additives & Materials — Textile & Leather Chemicals
Finishing Additives & Treatments



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
Melting point: 173-179°C(lit.)
Boiling point: 82.7°C
Density: 1.1
Storage conditions: Inertatmosphere, RoomTemperature
Form: WaxySolid
Specific gravity: 1.005
PERCENTVOLATILE:40
Color: White
Water solubility: 1.5g/100mL(25ºC)
Boiling Point, ºC: 80
Density at 25°C, g/ml: 1.05
Flash Point, °C: 27
Form at 25°C: Liquid
Pour Point, °C: <0
Specific Gravity at 25°C: 1.05
Molecular Fomula: C20H37O7S.Na
Molecular weight: 444.56
Appearance: Yellowish to colorless liquid
Boiling Point, ºC: 80
Density at 25°C, g/ml: 1.05
Flash Point, °C: 27
Form at 25°C: Liquid
Pour Point, °C: <0
Specific Gravity at 25°C: 1.05
RVOC, U.S. EPA %: 8
CBNumber:CB7769467

BRN: 4117588
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 1.998 at 20℃
Appearance: white waxy solid (est)
Assay: 98.50 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 176.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 5.964 (est)
Soluble in: water, 21777 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp), alcohol, glycerol
Density (at 25 °C): 1.05 g/ml
Moisture Content: 21.9 %
Ethanol Content: 8 %
Actives Content (MW 444): 70%
Flash Point: 27 °C
pH (in 5% aqueous): 6
Viscosity (at 20°C): 200 m.pq.s
Sodium Sulfate Content max. 1.5 %
Sodium Sulfate Content max. 0.5 %
Pour Point: max. 0 °C
Regulated Volatile Organic Chemicals (Ethanol): 8%

MDL Number:MFCD00012455
MOL File:577-11-7.mol
Appearance: Coloueless liquid
Chemical Name: Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate
Synonyms: Aerosol OT; Sodium di-n-octyl sulfosuccinate
Molecular Formula: C20H37NaO7S
Molecular Weight: 444.56
CAS No.: 577-11-7
Melting point: 173-179 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 82.7°C
Density: 1.1
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: methanol: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Waxy Solid
color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.005_PERCENT VOLATILE: 40
Water Solubility: 1.5 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.05
Merck: 14,3401



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Docusate sodium
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, sodium salt
Docusate sodium salt
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sulphosuccinate
sodium salt
Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate
Sodium Diethylhexyl Sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate, Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate
DSS
DOCUSATE SODIUM
AOT
SODIUM DIOCTYL SULFOSUCCINATE
Docusate
DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
DOSS
Sodium Docusate
AEROSOL OT
DIETHYLHEXYL SODIUM SULFOSUCCINATE
C20-H37-O7-S.Na
C8-H17-OOC-CH2CH(SO3Na)COOC8-H17
sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulphosuccinate sulfosuccinate
Food Additive 480
GPG
sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate
sodium sulpho 1, 4 bis (2 ethyl hexyl) succinate
bis (ethylhexyl) ester of
sodium sulphosuccinic acid
bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulphosuccinate
1, 4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1, 4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
di-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulphosuccinate
2-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate sodium
Alcopol O
Clestol
Colace, Complemix
Constonate
Coprol
Defilin
Dioctlyn
Diosuccin,
Diomedicone
Diotilin
Diovac
Docusate sodium
Doxinate
Doxol
D-S-S, Dulsivac
Duosol
Humifen WT-27G
Konlax
Kosate
Laxinate
Manoxal OT
Manoxol OT
Mervamine
Modane Soft
Molatoc
Molcer
Molofac
Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate
Docusatnatrium
SULPHOSUCCINICACID,DIOCTYLESTER,SODIUMSALT
SUCCINICACID,SULPHO-1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)ESTER,SODIUMS
SODIUMDI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)SULPHOSUCCINATE
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodium
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (Di-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate)
DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFUSUCCINATE
Di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinic acid,sodium salt
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate solution sodium salt
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt, Docusate sodium
DOSS
DOS
DSS
Adekacol EC 8600
Aerosol A 501
Aerosol AOT
Aerosol GPG
Aerosol OT
Aerosol OT 70PG
Aerosol OT 75
Aerosol OT-A
Aerosol OT-B
Alcopol O
Alkasurf SS-O 75
Alphasol OT
Berol 478
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) S-sodium sulfosuccinate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sodium sulfosuccinate
Bis(ethylhexyl) ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid
Butanedioic acid, sulfo-, 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
Celanol DOS 65
Celanol DOS 75
Clestol
Colace
Coloxyl
Complemix; Constonate; Coprol
Correctol Extra Gentle Tablets
D-S-S
DESS
DSS
Defilin
Di(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinic acid, sodium salt
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
Dialose
Dioctlyn
Dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl ester of sodium sulfosuccinic acid
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
Dioctyl sodium sulphosuccinate
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium salt
Dioctyl-medo forte
Dioctylal
Diomedicone
Diosuccin
Diotilan
Diovac
Diox
Disonate
Doxinate
Doxol
Dulsivac
Duosol
Humifen WT 27G
Konlax
Kosate
Laxinate
Laxinate 100
Manoxal OT
Manoxol O
Mervamine
Modane Soft
Molatoc
Molcer
Molofac
Monawet MD 70E
Monawet MO-70
Monawet MO-70 RP
Monawet MO-84 R2W
Monoxol OT
Natrii dioctylsulfosuccinas
Nekal WT-27
Nevax
Nikkol OTP 70
Norval
Obston
Rapisol
Regutol
Requtol
Revac
SBO
SV 102
Sanmorin OT 70
Sobital
Sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Sodium 1,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate
Sodium 2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate
Sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Sodium di-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Sodium dioctyl sulphosuccinate
Sodium sulfodi-(2-ethylhexyl)-sulfosuccinate
Sulfimel DOS
Sulfosuccinic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl)ester sodium salt
Tex-Wet 1001
Triton GR 7
Triton GR-5
Vatsol OT
Velmol
Waxsol
Wetaid SR
Monawet MD-70E
Monawet MO-70
"Monawet MO-84
Monoxol OT
Nekal WT-27
Nevax
Nikkol OTP-70
Norval
Obston
Rapisol
Regutol
Revac
Sanmorin OT70
SBO
Sobital
Softil
Soliwax
Solusol-75%
Docusatnatrium
SULPHOSUCCINICACID,DIOCTYLESTER,SODIUMSALT
SUCCINICACID,SULPHO-1,4-BIS(2-ETHYLHEXYL)ESTER,SODIUMS
SODIUMDI(2-ETHYLHEXYL)SULPHOSUCCINATE
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate sodiu
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate
(Di-(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate)
DIOCTYL SODIUM SULFUSUCCINATE
Di(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinic acid,sodium salt
Dioctyl sulfosuccinate solution sodium salt
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt, Docusate sodium
1,4-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfobutanedioate, sodium salt
Sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate
Sulfosuccinic acid, di-(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
1,4-Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sodium sulfosuccinate
2-Ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate sodium

Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Agent nettoyant, agent dispersant; Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. CAS names; Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1); SODIUM DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE, N° CAS : 25155-30-0, Nom INCI : SODIUM DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE, Nom chimique : Sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 246-680-4. Classification : Tensioactif anionique. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile).Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : BENZENESULFONIC ACID, DODECYL-, SODIUM SALT; DODECYL BENZENE SULFONATE DE SODIUM; DODECYL BENZENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; DODECYLBENZENE SULFONATE DE SODIUM; DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE DE SODIUM; DODECYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT; Dodécylbenzènesulfonate de sodium; Sel de sodium de l'acide dodécylbenzènesulfonique; SEL SODIQUE DE L'ACIDE DODECYLBENZENESULFONIQUE; SODIUM DODECYL BENZENE SULFONATE; Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate; Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; SODIUM LAURYLBENZENESULFONATE; SODIUM, DODECYL BENZENE SULFONATE DE ; SODIUM, DODECYLBENZENE SULFONATE DE; SODIUM, DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE DE. Noms anglais : Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Agent nettoyant, agent dispersant; Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate. CAS names; Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1); : alkylarylsulphonates; Benzenesulfonic acid, dodecyl-, sodium salt; Dodecene-1 LAS (JIS K 3363-1990) ; Dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, sodium salt; DUBAROL; sodium 2-dodecylbenzene-1-sulfonate; SODIUM 2-DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE; Sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate; Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate; sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate; sodium dodecylbenzenesufonate; Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonate C10-C13); Sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate; Sodiumdodecylbenzenesulfonate; Tetrapropylenbenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt ; Trade names: Alkyl(C12)benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate; dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; Na-C12 LAS; SDBS; Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulphonate; sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate; Sodium laurylbenzenesulfonate; sodium linear C12 Alkylbenzene sulfonate; Sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate [ACD/IUPAC Name] ; 218-654-2 [EINECS]; 25155-30-0 [RN]; 4171051; 4-Dodécylbenzènesulfonate de sodium [French] ; 4-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; benzenesulfonic acid, 4-dodecyl-, sodium salt ; Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1) [ACD/Index Name]; DB6825000; MFCD00011508; Natrium-4-dodecylbenzolsulfonat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; SDBS; sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulphonate; sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate; sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; sodium para-dodecylbenzene sulfonate; SODIUM P-DODECYLBENZENESULFONATE ; 11067-82-6 [RN]; 4-(2-dodecyl)benzene sulfonate sodium salt; Benzenesulfonic acid,4-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1); Dodecyl benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt; DODECYLBENZENESODIUMSULFONATE; EINECS 218-654-2; P-DODECYLBENZENESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; sodium 4-dodecylbenzene-1-sulfonate; sodium 4-laurylbenzenesulfonate

Sodium dithionite, also known as sodium hydrosulfite, is a white crystalline powder widely used as a powerful reducing agent in various industrial applications.
Sodium dithionite plays a key role in textile bleaching, pulp and paper production, and water treatment processes by effectively removing colorants and oxidizing agents.
Despite Sodium dithionite's efficacy, careful handling is required due to its potential hazards, including skin and eye irritation, and respiratory issues.

CAS Number: 7775-14-6
EC Number: 231-890-0
Chemical Formula: Na2S2O4
Molar Mass: 174.11 g/mol

Synonyms: SODIUM HYDROSULFITE, 7775-14-6, Sodium hydrosulphite, Dithionous acid, disodium salt, Sodium sulfoxylate, Disodium dithionite, Sodium hypodisulfite, Vatrolite, 2K5B8F6ES1, CHEBI:66870, Blankit, Burmol, Hydros, sodiumdithionite, Blankit IN, Hydrosulfite R Conc, V-Brite B, Disodium hydrosulfite, Caswell No. 774, CCRIS 1428, HSDB 746, Sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4), Sodium dithionite (Na2(S2O4)), EINECS 231-890-0, UN1384, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 078202, UNII-2K5B8F6ES1, sodium dithionit, sodiumhydrosulfite, Sodiumhydrosulphite, sodium hydro sulfite, MFCD00011640, sodium sodium hydrosulfite, Dithionous aciddisodiuMsalt, Na2S2O4, EC 231-890-0, Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4), SODIUM DITHIONITE [II], SODIUM DITHIONITE [MI], CHEMBL3410462, DTXSID9029697, Na2 (S2 O4), SODIUM DITHIONITE [MART.], SODIUM HYDROSULFITE [HSDB], SODIUM HYDROSULFITE [INCI], Dithionous acid, sodium salt (1:2), AKOS015904498, Sodium dithionite or sodium hydrosulfite, BP-13393, FT-0695294, S0562, Q414560, Sodium dithionite or sodium hydrosulfite [UN1384] [Spontaneously combustible], Sodium dithionite [Wiki], 14844-07-6 [RN], 231-890-0 [EINECS], 2K5B8F6ES1, 7775-14-6 [RN], Dinatriumdithionit [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Disodium dithionite [ACD/IUPAC Name], Dithionite [ACD/IUPAC Name], Dithionite de disodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Dithionous acid, disodium salt, MFCD00011640 [MDL number], Sodium hydrosulfite, Sodium hydrosulphite, Sodium hypodisulfite, 1340-77-8 [RN], Blankit, Burmol, Disodium hydrosulfite, disodium sulfinatosulfinate, Dithionous aciddisodiumsalt, EINECS 231-890-0, SODIUM DITHIONATE, Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4), Sodium Hydrosulfite, 85per cent, Sodium hydrosulfite, Sodium hypodisulfite, Sodium hyposulfite, Sodium sulfoxylate, sodiumdithionite, UNII:2K5B8F6ES1, UNII-2K5B8F6ES1, Vatrolite, V-Brite B

Sodium dithionite (also known as sodium hydrosulfite) is a white crystalline powder with a sulfurous odor.
Although Sodium dithionite is stable in dry air, Sodium dithionite decomposes in hot water and in acid solutions.

Sodium dithionite is a whitish to light yellow crystalline solid having a sulfur dioxide-like odor.
Sodium dithionite spontaneously heats on contact with air and moisture.

This heat may be sufficient to ignite surrounding combustible materials.
Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat containers of Sodium dithionite may violently rupture.
Sodium dithionite is used in dyeing and to bleach paper pulp.

Sodium dithionite is a whitish to light yellow crystalline solid having a sulfur dioxide-like odor.
Sodium dithionite spontaneously heats on contact with air and moisture.

This heat may be sufficient to ignite surrounding combustible materials.
Under prolonged exposure to fire or intense heat containers of this material may violently rupture.
Sodium dithionite is used in dyeing and to bleach paper pulp.

Sodium dithionite is an inorganic sodium salt that is the disodium salt of dithionous acid.
Sodium dithionite has a role as a reducing agent and a bleaching agent.

Sodium dithionite contains a dithionite(2-).
The dithionous acid ion and Sodium dithionite salts.

Sodium dithionite is also called sodium hydrosulfite, sodium sulfoxylate and sulfoxylate.
Sodium dithionite is unstable under physiological conditions, Sodium dithionite degradation rate increases with increasing acidity.

After contact with moisture, Sodium dithionite is oxidized to hydrogen sulfide (hso3-), sulfite (so32-), and hydrogen sulfate (hso4-).
Sodium dithionite can release sulfur dioxide under strongly acidic conditions.

Under anaerobic conditions (as in the lower gastrointestinal tract), hydrogen sulfide (hso3-) and thiosulfate (s2o32-) can occur.
Hydrogen sulfide (hso3-) can be absorbed after ingestion.
Sodium dithionite is metabolized efficiently and most of Sodium dithionite is rapidly excreted as sulfate in the urine.

Sodium hydrosulfite is widely used in industry due to Sodium dithionite reducing properties and ability to react with oxygen.
Sodium dithionite is used as a reducing bleaching agent to make yellow discoloration of cellulose-based products in the textile industry, in the pulp and paper industry as a reducing bleach, as an oxygen scavenger in boilers, for preservation and water treatment to remove iron stains on cultural artifacts.

Iron flash control on white fabrics in bleaching environments.
Sodium dithionite is also used in photographic film, clay, wine, leather goods, food and beverages, polymers, cleaners, gas cleaning, environmental remediation, metal recovery and chemical processing.

Sodium dithionite (Na2S2O4) is a powerful reducing agent.
Sodium dithionite has therefore been suggested to be used as an additive in kraft pulping to improve the yield.

However, sodium dithionite easily decomposes and Sodium dithionite is thus important to determine the effect of different conditions.
The stability of sodium dithionite was found to decrease with increasing heating temperature, concentration of sodium dithionite, heating time and pH.

Sodium dithionite was found to be relatively stable at moderate alkaline pH: 11.5 and 12.5, while a rapid decrease in stability with time was noted at higher heating temperatures and concentrations of sodium dithionite.
Based on this study on the thermal stability of sodium dithionite, the following conditions are suggested as the most promising, when adding sodium dithionite to the kraft cooking as an additive; pH 12.5, with 0.4 M concentration of the solution, at a heating temperature of 100 °C.

Sodium dithionite is a whitish to light yellow crystalline solid having a sulfur dioxide-like odor.
Sodium dithionite is a powerful reducing agent.
Sodium dithionite has therefore been suggested to be used as an additive in kraft pulping to improve the yield.

Uses of Sodium dithionite:
Sodium dithionite is used to dye fibers and textiles, to strip dyes from fabrics, and to bleach sugar, soap, oils and wood pulp.
Sodium dithionite is used as a chemical reagent and an oxygen scavenger in the production of synthetic rubber.

All uses of sodium dithionite are based on Sodium dithionite reducing properties.
In the textile industry, sodium dithionite is primarily used as reducing agent for vat dyes and sulfur containing dyes, and for the removal of pigments on textiles.
Sodium dithionite is also used as a bleaching agent in reductive bleaching processes, for instance, in the bleaching of mechanical paper pulp, and the bleaching of cotton and wool, as well as sugar.

Industry Uses:
Bleaching agent
Bleaching agents
Cleaning agent
Dye
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Oxidizing/reducing agents
Reducing agent
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Consumer Uses:
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Reducing agent

Usage Areas of Sodium dithionite:
In the textile sector, Sodium dithionite provides a reductive reaction with the dye remaining on the fiber after dyeing, allowing excess dye to be removed from the fiber.
Sodium dithionite is used in the paper industry for bleaching pulp.

Sodium dithionite is used in the food industry to bleach sherbet and maltose.
Sulfonation in water treatment, bleaching of minerals by removing iron ions, production of chemicals

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Pulp and Paper Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)
Toxic Gas from Spilling Chemical in Water

Applications of Sodium dithionite:

Industry:
Being water-soluble, sodium dithionite is used as a reducing agent in some industrial dyeing processes.
In the case of sulfur dyes and vat dyes, an otherwise water-insoluble dye can be reduced into a water-soluble alkali metal salt (e.g. indigo dye).

Sodium dithionite can also be used for water treatment, aquarium water conditioners, gas purification, cleaning, and stripping.
Sodium dithionite has also been applied as a sulfonating agent.

In addition to the textile industry, this compound is used in industries concerned with leather, foods, polymers, photography, and many others, often as a decolourising agent.
Sodium dithionite is even used domestically as a decoloring agent for white laundry, when Sodium dithionite has been accidentally stained by way of a dyed item slipping into the high temperature washing cycle.
Sodium dithionite is usually available in 5 gram sachets termed hydrosulfite after the antiquated name of the salt.

Sodium dithionite is the an active ingredient in "Iron Out Rust Stain Remover", a commercial rust product.

Laboratory:
Sodium dithionite is often used in physiology experiments as a means of lowering solutions' redox potential (Eo' -0.66 V vs SHE at pH 7).
Potassium ferricyanide is usually used as an oxidizing chemical in such experiments (Eo' ~ .436 V at pH 7).

In addition, sodium dithionite is often used in soil chemistry experiments to determine the amount of iron that is not incorporated in primary silicate minerals.
Hence, iron extracted by sodium dithionite is also referred to as "free iron."
The strong affinity of the dithionite ion for bi- and trivalent metal cations (M2+, M3+) allows Sodium dithionite to enhance the solubility of iron, and therefore dithionite is a useful chelating agent.

Aqueous solutions of sodium dithionite were once used to produce 'Fieser's solution' for the removal of oxygen from a gas stream.
Pyrithione can be prepared in a two-step synthesis from 2-bromopyridine by oxidation to the N-oxide with a suitable peracid followed by substitution using sodium dithionite to introduce the thiol functional group.

Photography:
Sodium dithionite is used in Kodak fogging developer, FD-70.
This is used in the second step in processing black and white positive images, for making slides.
Sodium dithionite is part of the Kodak Direct Positive Film Developing Outfit.

Preparation of Sodium dithionite:
Sodium dithionite is produced industrially by reduction of sulfur dioxide.
Approximately 300,000 tons were produced in 1990.

The route using zinc powder is a two-step process:
2 SO2 + Zn → ZnS2O4
ZnS2O4 + 2 NaOH → Na2S2O4 + Zn(OH)2

The sodium borohydride method obeys the following stoichiometry:
NaBH4 + 8 NaOH + 8 SO2 → 4 Na2S2O4 + NaBO2 + 6 H2O

Each equivalent of H− reduces two equivalents of sulfur dioxide.
Formate has also been used as the reductant.

Structure of Sodium dithionite:
The structure has been examined by Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
The dithionite dianion has C2 symmetry, with almost eclipsed with a 16° O-S-S-O torsional angle.
In the dihydrated form (Na2S2O4·2H2O), the dithionite anion has gauche 56° O-S-S-O torsional angle.

A weak S-S bond is indicated by the S-S distance of 239 pm, which is elongated by ca. 30 pm relative to a typical S-S bond.
Because this bond is fragile, the dithionite anion dissociates in solution into the [SO2]− radicals, as has been confirmed by EPR spectroscopy.
Sodium dithionite is also observed that 35S undergoes rapid exchange between S2O42− and SO2 in neutral or acidic solution, consistent with the weak S-S bond in the anion.

Properties and Reactions of Sodium dithionite:

Hydrolysis:
Sodium dithionite is stable when dry, but aqueous solutions deteriorate due to the following reaction:
2 S2O42− + H2O → S2O32− + 2 HSO3−

This behavior is consistent with the instability of dithionous acid.
Thus, solutions of sodium dithionite cannot be stored for a long period of time.

Anhydrous sodium dithionite decomposes to sodium sulfate and sulfur dioxide above 90 °C in the air.
In absence of air, Sodium dithionite decomposes quickly above 150 °C to sodium sulfite, sodium thiosulfate, sulfur dioxide and trace amount of sulfur.

Redox reactions of Sodium dithionite:
Sodium dithionite is a reducing agent.
At pH 7, the potential is -0.66 V compared to the normal hydrogen electrode.

Redox occurs with formation of bisulfite:
S2O42- + 2 H2O → 2 HSO3− + 2 e− + 2 H+

Sodium dithionite reacts with oxygen:
Na2S2O4 + O2 + H2O → NaHSO4 + NaHSO3

These reactions exhibit complex pH-dependent equilibria involving bisulfite, thiosulfate, and sulfur dioxide.

With organic carbonyls:
In the presence of aldehydes, sodium dithionite reacts either to form α-hydroxy-sulfinates at room temperature or to reduce the aldehyde to the corresponding alcohol above a temperature of 85 °C.
Some ketones are also reduced under similar conditions.

Manufacturing Methods of Sodium dithionite:

Zinc dust process:
An aqueous slurry of zinc dust is treated in a stirred reactor with cooling at ca. 40 °C with liquid or gaseous sulfur dioxide to give zinc dithionite.
After completion of the reaction the solution is passed through a filter press to remove unreacted zinc dust and impurities from the zinc.

The zinc is then precipitated from the zinc dithionite by adding sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide in stirred vessels.
The zinc carbonate or hydroxide is removed in filter presses.

Anhydrous sodium dithionite is precipitated from the clarified sodium dithionite solution by concentration under vacuum and addition of sodium chloride at > 60 °C.
Sodium dithionite is filtered, washed with methanol, and dried at 90 - 100 °C.

Besides the evaporation process the salting out process, which was more widely used previously, is still known.
In this process the dithionite is obtained from the solution by the addition of sodium chloride and methanol.

Amalgam Process:
In the amalgam process, sodium hydrogensulfite is reduced to sodium dithionite in aqueous solution in a cooled, stirred vessel using the sodium amalgam of a chloralkali electrolysis cell.
The sodium-free mercury is returned to the electrolysis cell where Sodium dithionite is recharged with sodium.

During reaction of the amalgam with the hydrogensulfite solution a pH of 5 - 6 must be maintained.
Sodium dithionite is obtained by precipitation with salts or methanol or both.

Formate Process:
Sodium formate, dissolved in 80% aqueous methanol, is charged to a stirred vessel.
At a pressure of 2 - 3 bar sulfur dioxide and sodium hydroxide are introduced into this solution such that a pH of 4 - 5 is maintained.

Sodium Borohydride Process Sodium borohydride is stable in strong aqueous alkali and can be used in this form for the production of sodium dithionite by adding SO2 and sodium hydroxide.

Reactivity Profile of Sodium dithionite:
Sodium dithionite is a combustible solid which slowly decomposes when in contact with water or water vapor, forming thiosulfates and bisulfites.
This reaction evolves heat, which can further accelerate the reaction or cause surrounding materials to burn.

If the mixture is confined, the decomposition reaction can result in pressurization of the container which may then rupture forcefully.
Upon standing in air Sodium dithionite slowly oxidizes, generating toxic sulfur dioxide gas.

Handling and Storage of Sodium dithionite:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do it without risk.

SMALL SPILL:
For spills of Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite), UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, dissolve in 5 parts water and collect for proper disposal.

CAUTION:
UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.
Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain.

Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place Sodium dithionite into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Safe Storage:
Separated from strong oxidants and acids.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

Storage Conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Do not store near acids.
Handle under inert gas.
Protect from moisture.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location.
Outside or detached storage is preferred.

Separate from combustibles and oxiding materials.
Immediately remove and properly dispose of any spilled material.

Materials to avoid:
Strong oxidizing agents, acids.

First Aid Measures of Sodium dithionite:
Call 911 or emergency medical service.
Ensure that medical personnel are aware of Sodium dithionite(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves.

Move victim to fresh air if Sodium dithionite can be done safely.
Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing.

Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.

In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.
Keep victim calm and warm.

Fire Fighting of Sodium dithionite:
DO NOT USE WATER, CO2 OR FOAM ON MATERIAL ITSELF.
Some of these materials may react violently with water.

CAUTION:
For Xanthates, UN3342 and for Dithionite (Hydrosulfite/Hydrosulphite) UN1384, UN1923 and UN1929, USE FLOODING AMOUNTS OF WATER for SMALL AND LARGE fires to stop the reaction.
Smothering will not work for these materials, they do not need air to burn.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, soda ash, lime or DRY sand, EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342.

LARGE FIRE:
DRY sand, dry chemical, soda ash or lime EXCEPT for UN1384, UN1923, UN1929 and UN3342, or withdraw from area and let fire burn.

CAUTION:
UN3342 when flooded with water will continue to evolve flammable Carbon disulfide/Carbon disulphide vapors.
If Sodium dithionite can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Do not get water inside containers or in contact with substance.

Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

Accidental Release Measures of Sodium dithionite:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 1384 datasheet.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Sodium dithionite:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of Sodium dithionite.
Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.
Carefully collect remainder.

Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.
Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents.

Identifiers of Sodium dithionite:
CAS Number: 7775-14-6
ChEBI: CHEBI:66870
ChemSpider: 22897
ECHA InfoCard: 100.028.991
EC Number: 231-890-0
PubChem CID: 24489
RTECS number: JP2100000
UNII: 2K5B8F6ES1
UN number: 1384
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9029697
InChI: InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S2/c;;1-5(2)6(3)4/h;;(H,1,2)(H,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
Key: JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)S(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

Linear Formula: Na2S2O4
MDL Number: MFCD00011640
EC No.: 231-890-0
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 24489
IUPAC Name: N/A
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)S(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/2Na.H2O4S2/c;;1-5(2)6(3)4/h;;(H,1,2)(H,3,4)/q2*+1;/p-2
InchI Key: JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L

CAS number: 7775-14-6
EC index number: 016-028-00-1
EC number: 231-890-0
Hill Formula: Na₂O₄S₂
Chemical formula: Na₂S₂O₄
Molar Mass: 174.11 g/mol
HS Code: 2831 10 00
Quality Level: MQ200

CAS: 7775-14-6
Molecular Formula: Na2O4S2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 174.096
MDL Number: 11640
InChI Key: JVBXVOWTABLYPX-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID: 24489
ChEBI: CHEBI:66870
SMILES: [O-]S(=O)S(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]

Properties of Sodium dithionite:
Chemical formula: Na2S2O4
Molar mass: 174.107 g/mol (anhydrous)
210.146 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance: white to grayish crystalline powder
light-lemon colored flakes
Odor: faint sulfur odor
Density: 2.38 g/cm3 (anhydrous)
1.58 g/cm3 (dihydrate)
Melting point: 52 °C (126 °F; 325 K)
Boiling point: Decomposes
Solubility in water: 18.2 g/100 mL (anhydrous, 20 °C)
21.9 g/100 mL (Dihydrate, 20 °C)
Solubility: slightly soluble in alcohol

Density: 2.5 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: >100 °C
Ignition temperature: >200 °C
Melting Point: 100 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 5.5 - 8.5 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 1250 kg/m3
Solubility: 250 g/l (slow decomposition)

Compound Formula: Na2O4S2
Molecular Weight: 174.107
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Melting Point: 52 °C
Boiling Point: Decomposes
Density: 2.8 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 18.2 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Exact Mass: 173.903339
Monoisotopic Mass: 173.903339

Molecular Weight: 174.11 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 173.90333939 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 173.90333939 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 119Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 60.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Sodium dithionite:
Assay (iodometric): ≥ 85.0 %
Identity: passes test
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.05 %
Fe (Iron): ≤ 0.005 %

Melting Point: 300°C
Color: White
pH: 8 to 9.5
Physical Form: Powder/Solid
Quantity: 500 g
Formula Weight: 174.1g/mol
Packaging: Plastic powder jar

Related compounds of Sodium dithionite:
Sodium thiosulfate
Sodium bisulfite
Sodium metabisulfite
Sodium bisulfate

Other anions:
Sodium sulfite
Sodium sulfate

Names of Sodium dithionite:
D-Ox, Hydrolin, Reductone
sodium hydrosulfite, sodium sulfoxylate, Sulfoxylate
Vatrolite, Virtex L
Hydrosulfit, Prayon
Blankit, Albite A, Konite
Zepar, Burmol, Arostit

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate consists of white or cream to pale yellow coloured crystals, flakes, or powder having a smooth feel, a soapy, bitter taste, and a faint odor of fatty substances.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is easily soluble in water.

CAS Number: 151-21-3
Molecular Formula: C12H25NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 288.38
EINECS Number: 205-788-1

Sodium dodecyl sulfate has a role as a detergent and a protein denaturant.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate contains a dodecyl sulfate.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate role as an anionic surfactant aids in the solubilization of proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules.

As an anionic surfactant, Sodium dodecyl sulfate reduces the surface tension of aqueous solutions, enabling the solubilization of proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate also interacts with proteins and macromolecules, modifying their shape and enhancing solubility.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a common ingredient in detergents, including laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, and industrial cleaners.

Sodium dodecyl sulfates ability to remove dirt, grease, and oil makes it effective for cleaning.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used to stabilize emulsions, which are mixtures of immiscible liquids, such as oil and water.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can help prevent the separation of these components in products like salad dressings and mayonnaise.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na and structure H3C−(CH2)11−O−S(=O)2−O−Na+.
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is an ionic surfactant.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has a significant effect on the granular fouling, protein fouling, and oil fouling.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is better to clean granular fouling on natural fibers.
The detergency of Sodium dodecyl sulfate is enhanced with the increase of temperature.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a yellow oil, which can form a hexagonal or rhombic strong flake-like crystal.

While Sodium dodecyl sulfate is generally regarded as non-toxic and biodegradable, it can exhibit biochemical and physiological effects such as increased cell membrane permeability and alterations in protein structure and function.
Furthermore, Sodium dodecyl sulfate has been observed to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as disrupt the metabolism of specific organisms.
The effect on protein fouling is better than that of the non-ionic surfactant.

However, there are two disadvantages of Sodium dodecyl sulfates, one is poor hard water tolerance and the detergency can be reduced with the hardness of the water.
Therefore, the detergent must be used with the appropriate chelating mixture.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is irritant to the skin when washing by hand.

In recent years, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is often used with nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) for better washing effect.
The main purpose of Sodium dodecyl sulfate is to make a variety detergent.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a kind of yellow oily, micro-toxicity.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is neutral, more sensitive to water hardness, and not easy to oxidation.
The linear structure is easier biodegradation more than 90%.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate brings little influence to the environment.

Moreover, Sodium dodecyl sulfate finds application in gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins and macromolecules based on size.
Additionally, Sodium dodecyl sulfate plays a crucial part in DNA sample preparation for sequencing and nanoparticle production.

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate is a series of organic compounds with the formula C12H25C6H4SO3Na.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, commonly referred to as SDS, is a versatile anionic surfactant utilized in various laboratory and industrial settings.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate is used as a synthetic detergent.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a high-content anionic surfactant with properties of detergency, moistening, foaming, emulsifying, and dispersity.
The biological degradability of Sodium dodecyl sulfate surfactant is more than 90%.

International security organizations have recognized it as a safe chemical.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has a hydrophobic (water-repellent) tail composed of a dodecyl (12-carbon) alkyl chain attached to a hydrophilic (water-attracting) sulfonate (SO3-) group.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has strong foaming ability and detergency and is easy to compound with various additives.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate Powder is highly biodegradable, low toxic, non-harmful to skin and fabric, and has a high detergent power and foaming capacity.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate Powder has a compound formulation combining a unique functional surfactant and a softening agent, the component substitutes the traditionally used sodium alkybenzene sulfonate, thus eliminating the impact of benzene in sodium alkybenzene sulfonate.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a high-content anionic surfactant with detergency, moistening, foaming, emulsifying, and dispersing properties.
The biological degradability of Sodium dodecyl sulfate is more than 90%. International security organizations have recognized it as a safe chemical.
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water at 25 °C is 8.2 mM, and the aggregation number at this concentration is usually considered to be about 62.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is mainly used in detergents for laundry with many cleaning applications.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues.
For example, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car exterior cleaners.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate can reduce the surface tension of water and other liquids.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can help solubilize nonpolar substances in aqueous solutions and improve the wetting, dispersing, and emulsifying properties of formulations.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a kind of yellow oily, micro-toxicity.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is neutral, more sensitive to water hardness, and not easy to oxidation.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has a strong foaming ability and detergency and is easy to compound with various additives.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, appearing as its synonym sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient for food use according to the USFDA.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as an emulsifying agent and whipping aid.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can protect both the environment and our health, meanwhile remove soil easily.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a colourless salt with useful properties as a surfactant.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is usually produced as a mixture of related sulfonates.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a major component of laundry detergent.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a white to light yellow flakes, granules or powder.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is soluble in water.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate acts as a surfactant in the ionic self-assembly reaction of cyclophane BIMCP-1.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon organosulfate.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar "headgroup" give the compound amphiphilic properties that make it useful as a detergent.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also component of mixtures produced from inexpensive coconut and palm oils.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.
This water-soluble compound is both biodegradable and non-toxic, offering a broad range of applications across fields like biochemistry, nanotechnology, and medical research.
Sodium dodecyl sulfates functions extend to emulsification, detergency, and cleaning purposes.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a component in hand soap, toothpastes, shampoos, shaving creams, and bubble bath formulations, for its ability to create a foam (lather), for its surfactant properties, and in part for its thickening effect.

As an emulsifier in or with egg whites the United States Code of Federal Regulations require that it must not exceed 1,000 parts per million (0.1%) in egg white solids or 125 parts per million (0.0125%) in frozen or liquid egg whites and as a whipping agent for the preparation of marshmallows it must not exceed 0.5% of the weight of gelatine.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is reported to temporarily diminish perception of sweetness.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is synthesized by treating lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide, oleum, or chlorosulfuric acid to produce hydrogen lauryl sulfate.
Lauryl alcohol can be used in pure form or as a mixtures of fatty alcohols.
When produced from these sources, "Sodium dodecyl sulfate" products are a mixture of various sodium alkyl sulfates with SDS being the main component.

For instance, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco sulfate (SCS).
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is available commercially in powder, pellet, and other forms (each differing in rates of dissolution), as well as in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, white or light yellow powder or flake solid.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is difficult to volatilize, but it easy to dissolve in water and become a subtransparent solution.
For alkali, dilute acid, Sodium dodecyl sulfate has stable hard water properties.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is micro toxicity.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is commonly used as an anionic surfactant.
According to the physicochemical property, Sodium dodecyl sulfate has three main functions.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate holds significant importance in scientific research, particularly in the realm of biochemistry.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate has micro toxicity and has been recognized by the international security organization as a safe chemical raw material.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used to clean fruit and tableware.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in detergent has a branched chain structure (ABS) and linear structure (LAS).

The branched chain structure has small biodegradability. SDBS can cause environmental pollution.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an active ingredient cleaning agent, or "surfactant," that is one of a group of ingredients commonly used in bath products, cleansing products, shampoos and hair conditioners.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, often abbreviated as SDBS or SLS, is a synthetic organic compound.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is classified as an anionic surfactant, which means it has surface-active properties and can lower the surface tension of liquids.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is commonly used in various industrial and household applications due to its surfactant properties.
Most sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonates are a member of the linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, meaning that the dodecyl group (C12H25) is un branched.

This dodecyl chain is attached at the 4- position of the benzene sulfonate group.
Linear dodecyl-4-benzene sulfonate anions can exist in six isomers (ignoring optical isomers), depending on the carbon of the dodecyl group that is attached to the benzene ring.

The isomer shown below left is 4-(5-dodecyl ) benzene sulfonate (4 indicating the position of the benzene ring, 5 indicating the position on the dodecane chain).
Branched isomers, e.g. those derived from tetramerized propylene, are also known (below right) but are not as widely used because they biodegrade too slowly.

Melting point: 204-207 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 20 °C
FEMA: 4437 | SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Flash point: >100°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M, clear to nearly clear, colorless to slightly yellow
form: Powder or Crystals
color: White to pale yellow
PH: 6-9 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Slight fatty odour
PH Range: 7.2
Water Solubility: ca. 150 g/L (20 ºC)
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.3
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.2
Merck: 14,8636
BRN: 3599286
InChIKey: DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 1.600

Sodium dodecyl sulfate effectively reduces the tension of oil and water surface to emulsification.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate creates a rich lather when mixed with water, enhancing the cleaning and spreading properties of these products.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used for cleaning equipment, degreasing surfaces, and aiding in the formulation of various chemicals and formulations.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used in textile processing to assist in dyeing and printing operations.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate sulfonate has been widely used in the preparation of cosmetics, food, printing and dyeing auxiliaries and pesticides.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is often added to products like shampoos, hand soaps, and bath products as a foaming agent.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate has been recognized as a safe chemical raw material by international safety organizations and is an anionic surfactant.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate may be used in pesticide formulations to improve the spreading and wetting of pesticides on plant surfaces.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in research laboratories for various purposes, including protein solubilization and as a component of buffer solutions.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is sometimes used in the petroleum industry to improve the recovery of oil from reservoirs through enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a common ingredient in toothpastes due to its low cost, its lack of impact on taste, and its desirable action as a foaming agent.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate may reduce the amount of bad breath-causing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the mouth.
A series of small crossover studies (25–34 patients) have supported the efficacy of SLS in the reduction of VSCs, and its related positive impact on breath malodor, although these studies have been generally noted to reflect technical challenges in the control of study design variables.
The emulsifier is a kind of substance that improves the surface tension between various components in the emulsion and forms a stable dispersion system or emulsion.

There are hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups in its molecule.
They also can reduce the interfacial tension and reduce the energy required to form the emulsion, so as to improve the energy of the emulsion.
As a kind of anionic surfactant, Sodium dodecyl sulfate has good surface activity and strong hydrophilicity.

Preparation:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be synthesized by reacting dodecyl alcohol with sulfur trioxide gas, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide.
The preparation of Sodium dodecyl sulfate involves the following steps: The reaction takes place in a vertical reactor at 32 °C.
Nitrogen gas is introduced through the gas vents at a flow rate of 85.9 L/min.

Lauryl alcohol is added at a flow rate of 58 g/min at 82.7 kPa.
Liquid sulfur trioxide is fed into the flash evaporator at 124.1 kPa, with a flow rate of 0.9072 kg/h and a flash temperature of 100 °C.

The sulfated product is quickly cooled to 50 °C, aged for 10-20 min, then neutralized with a base in a neutralization kettle controlled at 50 °C.
The pH is adjusted to 7-8.5, and the liquid product is spray dried to obtain a solid product.

Uses:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as surfactants, detergents, foaming agents, and wetting agents, and so on.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as relatively low-level ion-pairing reagents, and is cheaper than sodium heptanesulfonate and sodium pentanesulfonate when less demanding.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as raw material for modifying materials.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as additives in capillary electrophoresis analysis and is generally used as molar solution.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also used in other analysis such as flow column analysis.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in cleaning procedures, and is commonly used as a component for lysing cells during RNA extraction and/or DNA extraction, and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis in the SDS-PAGE technique.

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate has been used to stabilize dispersions of graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) during the preparation of the liquid phase of GNFs.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in an improved technique for preparing brain tissues for study by optical microscopy.
The technique, which has been branded as CLARITY, was the work of Karl Deisseroth and coworkers at Stanford University, and involves infusion of the organ with an acrylamide solution to bind the macromolecules of the organ (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), followed by thermal polymerization to form a "brain–hydrogel" (a mesh interspersed throughout the tissue to fix the macromolecules and other structures in space), and then by lipid removal using Sodium dodecyl sulfate to eliminate light scattering with minimal protein loss, rendering the tissue quasi-transparent.

In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their length as opposed to both their native charge and shape.
This separation based on the size of the polypeptide chain simplifies the analysis of protein molecules.
The device acts as a reverse filter, allowing large particles to pass while capturing smaller particles.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate has been used to stabilize dispersions of graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) during the preparation of the liquid phase of GNFs.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can also suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes as individuals in aqueous media and also give well-resolved spectral features.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used to fabricate amperometic biosensors for glucose.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used as an efficient emulsifying agent for polymerizing pressure-sensitive adhesive.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used as the anti-hygroscopic and anticaking additives for powdered chemical products that easily absorb moisture and agglomerate, such as methenamine, carbamide, and ammonium nitrate.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate products are widely used.

In addition to the above several functions, Sodium dodecyl sulfate also can be used as a cotton fabric refining agent and desizing agent in textile.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate functions as a foaming agent, creating a rich lather for cleansing and spreading.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is employed as an emulsifying agent in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate helps stabilize and homogenize emulsions, such as salad dressings, mayonnaise, creams, and lotions.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can also suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes as individuals in aqueous media and also give well-resolved spectral features.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used as an antistatic additive with a cleaning function for textile oil.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be an efficient antistatic agent for polyester substrate and film base, especially for polyester base cinefilm and filmstrip.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be the antistatic agent for polyolefine, polyester, and other polymer materials.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be described as an anionic frother with a structure that is composed of an aromatic hydrocarbon and an aliphatic radical.

In spite of the fact that these frothers have good frothing properties, their application was limited, likely because most Sodium dodecyl sulfate frothers contain traces of sulfur, which interfere with flotation.
In the case of Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, the compound works by disrupting non-covalent bonds in the proteins, and so denaturing them, i.e. causing the protein molecules to lose their native conformations and shapes.

By binding to proteins at a ratio of one Sodium dodecyl sulfate molecule per 2 amino acid residues, the negatively charged detergent provides all proteins with a similar net negative charge and therefore a similar charge-to-mass ratio.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used in enhanced oil recovery processes.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate helps reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, improving the displacement of oil from reservoirs.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in textile manufacturing to aid in dyeing and printing processes.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate helps disperse dyes and improve their adherence to fabric fibers.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is sometimes added to pesticide formulations to enhance the spreading and wetting properties of the pesticide on plant surfaces, ensuring better coverage.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate in various experiments and applications, including protein solubilization, buffer preparation, and as a surfactant in analytical chemistry techniques.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used as an efficient antistatic agent for polyester substrate and film base, especially for polyester base cinefilm and filmstrip.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used as the antistatic agent for polyolefine, polyester, and other polymer materials.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used as the anti-hygroscopic and anticaking additives for powdered chemical products that are easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, such as methenamine, carbamide, and ammonium nitrate.
As the main content of high-class detergent and cleaner, Sodium dodecyl sulfate can blench, remove stains and oil and resist static electricity.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can also suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes as individuals in aqueous media and also give well-resolved spectral features.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be found in various industrial processes, such as metal cleaning, degreasing, and as a component in the formulation of chemicals and formulations.
Sodium dodecyl sulfatemay be used in water treatment processes to help disperse and remove contaminants from water.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in the production of firefighting foam concentrates to create stable and effective foams for extinguishing flammable liquid fires.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate was used to fabricate amperometic biosensors for glucose.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a widely used in the pharmaceutical field as an ionic solubilizer and emulsifier that is suitable for applications in liquid dispersions, solutions, emulsions and micro emulsions, tablets, foams and semi-solids such as creams, lotions and gels.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used as an efficient emulsifying agent for polymerizing pressure-sensitive adhesive.

As the main content of high-class detergent and cleaner, Sodium dodecyl sulfate can blench, remove stains and oil and resist static electricity.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as resin dispersant, felt detergent and deinking agent in the papermaking industry.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as an osmotic degreaser in the leather industry.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as an anti-blocking agent in the fertilizer industry.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in the cement industry as a gassing agent, or used separately or in conjunction with components.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is widely used in the production of various detergents and emulsifiers, and can be properly used in cosmetics such as shampoo, foam bath, etc.; it can also be used as cleaning agent in textile industry, dyeing assistant, degreasing agent in electroplating industry; deinking agent in paper industry also needs to add a certain amount of Sodium dodecyl sulfate.

In addition, linear Sodium dodecyl sulfate is very stable to oxidizer and soluble in water, so it is very suitable for washing powder with oxidizing bleach.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a common ingredient in household and industrial cleaning products, including laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, all-purpose cleaners, and degreasers.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate helps remove dirt, grease, and stains from surfaces.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in various personal care items such as shampoos, body washes, hand soaps, and bath products.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be used as an antistatic additive with a cleaning function for textile oil.
Additionally, Sodium dodecyl sulfate aids in tablet wettability, as well as lubrication during manufacturing.

Safety Profile:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is widely used in cosmetics and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a moderately toxic material with acute toxic effects including irritation to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, and stomach.
Repeated, prolonged exposure to dilute solutions may cause drying and cracking of the skin; contact dermatitis may develop.

Prolonged inhalation of Sodium dodecyl sulfate will damage the lungs.
Pulmonary sensitization is possible, resulting in hyperactive airway dysfunction and pulmonary allergy.
Animal studies have shown intravenous administration to cause marked toxic effects to the lung, kidney, and liver.

Some individuals may develop skin sensitization or allergies to Sodium dodecyl sulfate with repeated or prolonged exposure.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate's essential to use protective measures such as gloves and safety goggles when working with SDS-containing products.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be harmful, especially in large quantities.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is not intended for consumption.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is generally considered safe for normal use in personal care products, inhaling its dust or aerosols can lead to respiratory irritation.
When handling SDS in powder or aerosol form, use proper ventilation or respiratory protection as necessary.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is not considered highly toxic to aquatic life but can have an adverse impact on the environment if released in significant quantities.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is important to follow local regulations and best practices for disposal and wastewater treatment.

Storage:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is stable under normal storage conditions. However, in solution, under extreme conditions, i.e. pH 2.5 or below, it undergoes hydrolysis to lauryl alcohol and sodium bisulfate.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container away from strong oxidizing agents in a cool, dry place.

Synonyms:
Sodium dodecyl sulfate
151-21-3
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Sodium dodecylsulfate
Sodium lauryl sulphate
Sodium dodecyl sulphate
Neutrazyme
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate
Irium
Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt
Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt
Dodecyl sodium sulfate
Dodecyl sulfate, sodium salt
Anticerumen
Duponal
Duponol
Gardinol
Sodium monododecyl sulfate
Dreft
Aquarex methyl
Duponol methyl
Solsol needles
Stepanol methyl
Duponol waqa
Stepanol wac
Stepanol waq
Duponol qx
Richonol af
Perlandrol L
Perlankrol L
Sipex sb
Sipex sd
Standapol wa-ac
Stepanol me dry
Duponol Me
Richonol A
Richonol C
Sintapon L
Duponol C
Maprofix LK
Standapol WAQ
Stepanol ME
Stepanol WA
Akyposal SDS
Carsonol SLS
Maprobix NEU
Maprofix NEU
Maprofix WAC
Aquarex ME
Dupanol WAQ
Duponol QC
Duponol WA
Duponol WA dry
Duponol WAQ
Empicol LPZ
Hexamol SLS
Melanol CL
Duponal WAQE
Duponol WAQE
Duponol WAQM
Sterling wa paste
Conco sulfate WA
Conco sulfate WN
Nikkol SLS
Orvus WA Paste
Sipex OP
Sipex SP
Sipex UB
Sipon LS
Sipon PD
Sipon WD
Detergent 66
Montopol La Paste
Sipon LSB
Maprofix WAC-LA
Sterling WAQ-CH
Cycloryl 21
Cycloryl 31
Stepanol WA Paste
Conco Sulfate WAG
Conco Sulfate WAN
Conco Sulfate WAS
Quolac EX-UB
Odoripon Al 95
sodiumdodecylsulfate
Avirol 118 conc
Cycloryl 580
Cycloryl 585N
Lauyl sodium sulfate
Maprofix 563
Sinnopon LS 95
Stepanol T 28
Sodium laurilsulfate
Steinapol NLS 90
Empicol LS 30
Empicol LX 28
Lauryl sodium sulfate
Melanol CL 30
NALS
Rewopol NLS 30
Standapol waq special
Standapol was 100
Sinnopon LS 100
Stepanol WA-100
Carsonol SLS Special
Standapol 112 conc
Stepanol ME Dry AW
Avirol 101
Emersal 6400
Monogen Y 100
Carsonol SLS Paste B
sodium;dodecyl sulfate
Stepanol methyl dry aw
Berol 452
Emal 10
EMAL O
Sipon LS 100
n-Dodecyl sulfate sodium
Sodium monolauryl sulfate
Monododecyl sodium sulfate
Sodiumlauryl ether sulfate
Lauryl sulfate sodium salt
Conco sulfate WA-1200
Conco sulfate WA-1245
Dehydag sulfate GL emulsion
MFCD00036175
Emulsifier no. 104
Texapon k 12 p
CHEBI:8984
P and G Emulsifier 104
Sodium lauryl sulfate ether
SLS
Sodium Laurylsulfate
NSC-402488
Texapon K 1296
NCI-C50191
Laurylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
Dodecylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
DTXSID1026031
Sodium lauryl sulfate, synthetic
Finasol osr2
Incronol SLS
Natriumlaurylsulfat
368GB5141J
NCGC00091020-03
E487
Jordanol SL-300
Finasol osr(sub 2)
Dodecyl sulfate sodium
Monagen Y 100
Perklankrol ESD 60
Caswell No. 779
Natrium laurylsulfuricum
12738-53-3
12765-21-8
1334-67-4
Laurylsiran sodny [Czech]
Lauryl sulfate, sodium salt
Dehydrag sulfate gl emulsion
DTXCID906031
Dehydag sulphate GL emulsion
Laurylsiran sodny
Rhodapon UB
Sodium dodecyl sulfate for Electrophoresis, inverted exclamation markY98.5%
Sodium lauryl sulfate 30%
CAS-151-21-3
CCRIS 6272
Lauryl sulfate sodium
HSDB 1315
Sodium lauryl sulfate, dental grade
EINECS 205-788-1
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079011
NSC 402488
CP 75424
Empicol
AI3-00356
UNII-368GB5141J
Sodium lauryl sulfate [JAN:NF]
sodiumlauryl sulfate
sodium dodecylsulphate
Sodium dedecyl sulfate
Sodium-dodecyl-S-SDS
IPC-SDS
sodium n-dodecyl sulphate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate NF
SDS (20% Solution)
sodium monododecyl sulphate
lauryl sulphate sodium salt
EC 205-788-1
dodecyl sulphate sodium salt
SCHEMBL1102
Sodium lauryl sulfate, SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)
Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt (1:1)
CHEMBL23393
sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds)
dodecyl sulfuric acid sodium salt
HY-Y0316B
DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Dodecyl sulphuric acid sodium salt
Sodium lauryl sulfate (JP17/NF)
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [II]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [MI]
BCP30594
CS-B1770
HY-Y0316
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [FCC]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [JAN]
Tox21_111059
Tox21_201614
Tox21_300149
BDBM50530482
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE [MART.]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [HSDB]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [INCI]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [VANDF]
AKOS015897278
AKOS025147308
Tox21_111059_1
DB00815
Dodecyl sulfuric acid ester sodium salt
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [USP-RS]
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [WHO-DD]
NCGC00091020-01
NCGC00091020-02
NCGC00254225-01
NCGC00259163-01
NCGC00274082-01
AS-14730
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE [EP IMPURITY]
SODIUM LAURILSULFATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
CS-0182093
D1403
FT-0603358
FT-0700721
I0352
S0588
D01045
EN300-103513
F16341
S-4600
S-4601
SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE BIOTECH GRD 100G
Q422241
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate, 98%, for electrophoresis
F0001-0539
Z1365432828
Sodium dodecylsulfate;Sodium lauryl sulphate;Dodecyl sodium sulfate
Dodecyl sodium sulfate, Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, Lauryl sulfate sodium salt, SDS, Sodium lauryl sulfate

CAS Number: 151-21-3
IUPAC name: Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Chemical formula: C12H25NaSO4
Molar mass: 288.372 g
EC Number: 205-788-1

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products.
This compound is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon an organosulfate.
Sodium dodecyl sulfates hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar "headgroup" give the compound amphiphilic properties and so make it useful as a detergent.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also component of mixtures produced from inexpensive coconut and palm oils.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical,
and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.

Physicochemical properties
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water at 25 °C is 8.2 mM, and the aggregation number at this concentration is usually considered to be about 62.
The micelle ionization fraction (α) is around 0.3 (or 30%).

Applications
Cleaning and hygiene
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is mainly used in detergents for laundry with many cleaning applications.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues. For example, it is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car exterior cleaners.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a component in hand soap, toothpastes, shampoos, shaving creams, and bubble bath formulations, for its ability to create a foam (lather), for its surfactant properties, and in part for its thickening effect.

Food additive
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, appearing as its synonym Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS), is considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient for food use according to the USFDA (21 CFR 172.822).


Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as an emulsifying agent and whipping aid.
As an emulsifier in or with egg whites the United States Code of Federal Regulations require that it must not exceed 1,000 parts per million (0.1%) in egg white solids or 125 parts per million (0.0125%) in frozen or liquid egg whites and as a whipping agent for the preparation of marshmallows it must not exceed 0.5% of the weight of gelatine.
SLS is reported to temporarily diminish perception of sweetness.

Laboratory applications
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in cleaning procedures, and is commonly used as a component for lysing cells during RNA extraction and/or DNA extraction, and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis in the Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE technique.


Denaturation of a protein using Sodium dodecyl sulfate
In the case of Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE, the compound works by disrupting non-covalent bonds in the proteins, and so denaturing them, i.e. causing the protein molecules to lose their native conformations and shapes.

By binding to proteins at a ratio of one Sodium dodecyl sulfate molecule per 2 amino acid residues, the negatively charged detergent provides all proteins with a similar net negative charge and therefore a similar charge-to-mass ratio.
In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their length as opposed to both their native charge and shape.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is possible to make separation based on the size of the polypeptide chain to simplify the analysis of protein molecules, this can be achieved by denaturing proteins with the detergent Sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Pharma applications
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a widely used in the pharmaceutical field as an ionic solubilizer and emulsifier that is suitable for applications in liquid dispersions, solutions, emulsions and micro emulsions, tablets, foams and semi-solids such as creams, lotions and gels.

Additionally, SLS aids in tablet wettability, as well as lubrication during manufacturing. Brand names of pharma-grade SLS include Kolliphor SLS and Kolliphor SLS Fine.

Miscellaneous applications
SLS is used in an improved technique for preparing brain tissues for study by optical microscopy.
The technique, which has been branded as CLARSodium dodecyl sulfate, was the work of Karl Deisseroth and coworkers at Stanford University, and involves infusion of the organ with an acrylamide solution to bind the macromolecules of the organ (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), followed by thermal polymerization to form a "brain–hydrogel" (a mesh interspersed throughout the tissue to fix the macromolecules and other structures in space), and then by lipid removal using Sodium dodecyl sulfate to eliminate light scattering with minimal protein loss, rendering the tissue quasi-transparent.

Along with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and Triton X-100, aqueous solutions of Sodium dodecyl sulfate are popular for dispersing or suspending nanotubes, such as carbon nanotubes.

Niche uses
SLS has been proposed as a potentially effective topical microbicide, for intravaginal use, to inhibit and possibly prevent infection by various enveloped and non-enveloped viruses such as the herpes simplex viruses, HIV, and the Semliki Forest virus.

Liquid membranes formed from Sodium dodecyl sulfate in water have been demonstrated to work as unusual particle separators.
The device acts as a reverse filter, allowing large particles to pass while capturing smaller particles.

Production
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is synthesized by treating lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide, oleum, or chlorosulfuric acid to produce hydrogen lauryl sulfate.
Lauryl alcohol can be used in pure form or as a mixtures of fatty alcohols.

When produced from these sources, "Sodium dodecyl sulfate" products are a mixture of various sodium alkyl sulfates with Sodium dodecyl sulfate being the main component.
For instance, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco sulfate (SCS).

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is available commercially in powder, pellet, and other forms (each differing in rates of dissolution), as well as in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations.

Safety
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is not carcinogenic.
Like all detergents, Sodium dodecyl sulfate removes oils from the skin, and can cause skin and eye irritation.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has been shown to irritate the skin of the face, with prolonged and constant exposure (more than an hour) in young adults.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate may worsen skin problems in individuals with chronic skin hypersensitivity, with some people being affected more than others.

Oral concerns
The low cost of Sodium dodecyl sulfate, its lack of impact on taste, its potential impact on volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), which contribute to malodorous breath, and its desirable action as a foaming agent have led to the use of Sodium dodecyl sulfate in the formulations of toothpastes.

A series of small crossover studies (25–34 patients) have supported the efficacy of SLS in the reduction of VSCs, and its related positive impact on breath malodor, although these studies have been generally noted to reflect technical challenges in the control of study design variables.

While primary sources from the group of Irma Rantanen at University of Turku, Finland conclude an impact on dry mouth (xerostomia) from SLS-containing pastes, a 2011 Cochrane review of these studies, and of the more general area, concludes that there "is no strong evidence… that any topical therapy is effective for relieving the symptom of dry mouth".

A safety concern has been raised on the basis of several studies regarding the effect of toothpaste Sodium dodecyl sulfate on aphthous ulcers, commonly referred to as canker or white sores.
A consensus regarding practice (or change in practice) has not appeared as a result of the studies.

As Lippert notes, of 2013, "very few… marketed toothpastes contain a surfactant other than Sodium dodecyl sulfate," and leading manufacturers continue to formulate their produce with Sodium dodecyl sulfate.

Appearance: White or cream-colored crystals, flakes, or powder
Odor: Faint odor of fatty substances
Density: 1.01 g/cm3
Melting point: 206 °c
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 12
Exact Mass: 288.13712473
Monoisotopic Mass: 288.13712473
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 18
Complexity: 249
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

About Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Consumer Uses of Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, plant protection products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, air care products, polishes and waxes and cosmetics and personal care products.

Other release to the environment of Sodium dodecyl sulfate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Article service life of Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Other release to the environment of Sodium dodecyl sulfate is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials). Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines). Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).

Widespread uses by professional workers
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, plant protection products and polymers.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Other release to the environment of Sodium dodecyl sulfate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Formulation or re-packing of Sodium dodecyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polishes and waxes and polymers.
Release to the environment of Sodium dodecyl sulfate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

Uses of Sodium dodecyl sulfate at industrial sites
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in the following products: polymers, laboratory chemicals, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products and washing & cleaning products.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products, chemicals and rubber products.

Release to the environment of Sodium dodecyl sulfate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.

Other release to the environment of Sodium dodecyl sulfate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant naturally derived from coconut and/or palm kernel oil.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate usually consists of a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions and is used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, and detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also used in creams and pastes to properly disperse the ingredients and as research tool in protein biochemistry. SLS also has some microbicidal activity.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is used as a surfactant in shampoos and toothpastes.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate also has microbicidal activities against both enveloped (Herpes simplex viruses, HIV-1, Semliki Forest virus) and nonenveloped (papillomaviruses, reovirus, rotavirus and poliovirus) viruses, although it has not been approved for this use.

Like other surfactants, Sodium dodecyl sulfate is amphiphilic.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate thus migrates to the surface of liquids, where its alignment and aggregation with other Sodium dodecyl sulfate molecules lowers the surface tension. This allows for easier spreading and mixing of the liquid.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate has potent protein denaturing activity and inhibits the infectivity of viruses by by solubilizing the viral envelope and/or by denaturing envelope and/or capsid proteins.

Sodium dodecyl sulfate is an organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate. Sodium dodecyl sulfate has a role as a detergent and a protein denaturant.

Dodecyl sulfate, [sodium salt] appears as white to pale yellow paste or liquid with a mild odor.
Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)

An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.

Features of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (Lauryl):
Popular anionic detergent for a variety of protein methods Especially useful for denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
Common component of cell lysis buffers

This lauryl-grade sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a popular anionic detergent for routine protein electrophoresis and cell lysis methods. The formulation is a mixture of several different alkyl sulfate chain lengths (C10 to C18).

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sodium lauryl sulfate) also called SDS (= sodium dodecyl sulfate), is an anionic surfactant that is used as a detergent, eg. in detergents or toothpaste.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate is also used as a denaturant for proteins, and is mainly used in biochemistry and biotechnology.
The effect on proteins is based on breaking non-covalent bonds of the proteins and thus destroying their quaternary and tertiary structure.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) is an anionic detergent that denatures secondary and nondisulfide-linked tertiary protein structure, shattering the native shape.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate provides a negative charge to each protein as a function of their size.

Accordingly, all of proteins have the same shape in the gel separation they are separated only for their size. Furthermore, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate can be used to aid in lysing cell during DNA extraction.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is what’s known as a “surfactant”.
This means it lowers the surface tension between ingredients, which is why it’s used as a cleansing and foaming agent.

Most concerns about Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate stem from the fact that it can be found in beauty and self-care products as well as in household cleaners.

Grooming products, such as shaving cream, lip balm, hand sanitizer, nail treatments, makeup remover, foundation, facial cleansers, exfoliants, and liquid hand soap

Hair products, such as shampoo, conditioner, hair dye, dandruff treatment, and styling gel

Dental care products, such as toothpaste, teeth whitening products, and mouthwash

Bath products, such as bath oils or salts, body wash, and bubble bath

Creams and lotions, such as hand cream, masks, anti-itch creams, hair-removal products, and sunscreen

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) is a surfactant, which basically means it has an effect on the surfaces it touches. It’s used in a variety of products such as food thickeners, toothpaste, and floor cleaners.

Uses of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
All the soaps and cleaning products that you use are a mix of water and oil.
But they don’t mix together on their own.

Instead, surfactants bring them together.
Soap's cleaning power comes from the bonded oil and water molecules rubbing against dirt and grease.

That is why so many products have surfactants in them.
They blend the ingredients that make cleaning happen.‌

Sodium lauryl sulfate is very easy and inexpensive to make, and it works well in many situations. You'll see it listed as an ingredient in common products found in the home and in the workplace. ‌

Personal Products. These include things like:

Body wash
Hand soap
Facial cleaner
Bubble bath
Toothpaste
Shampoo

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is also a foaming agent.
Many of these products use Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate to give a foaming action during the cleaning process.
If you have a foaming face wash or are working up a good lather with your shampoo, you're probably using something with SLS.‌

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate’s ability to break down oil and grease lends itself well to industrial products.
You can find it in household cleaning products as well as engine cleaners and industrial-strength soaps. ‌

You may see Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate used in certain foods you eat, within limits approved by the FDA.
As a food additive, SLS can make marshmallows fluffier and dried egg products lighter.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate helps mix citrus and other acidic liquids with water to make fruit drinks.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS), also known as Sodium lauryl sulfate, is a widely used surfactant in cleaning products, cosmetics, and personal care products.
The sodiumclauryl sulfate formula is a highly effective anionic surfactant used to remove oily stains and residues.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is found in high concentrations in industrial products, including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car wash products, where workplace protections can be implemented to avoid unsafe exposures.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is also used in lower concentrations in household and personal care products such as cleaning products, toothpastes, shampoos, and shaving foams.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate has been an ingredient in shampoos since the 1930s.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate works as a surfactant, trapping oil and dirt in hair so it can rinse away with water.

Personal Care Products
An effective foaming agent, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate can help create a rich lather in products like body and hand wash, facial cleansers and bubble.
Likewise, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate helps create the foaming action in toothpaste and also helps remove food particles from teeth.

Cleaning Products
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is an effective surfactant used in household cleaning products to help remove oily stains and residues, such as food stains in carpets.
Because of its ability to break down oil and grease, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate also is an ingredient in many industrial cleaning products, such as engine degreasers and industrial strength detergents.

Food Additive
As a food additive, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is used as an emulsifier or thickener.
For example, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate helps make marshmallows and dried egg products light and fluffy.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate also helps acids mix better with liquids, for example in fruit juices and punches.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is frequently used as a surfactant, or foaming agent.
Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate may also serve as an emulsifier, helping oil based and water based ingredients to stay mixed.
In many of our toothpastes SLS is used as a surfactant and helps to properly disperse the ingredients during brushing, and ensures easy rinsing and removal of debris (i.e. food particles).

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate may be derived from either petroleum based or vegetable based sources.
The oils can be split into glycerin and the component fatty acids, one of which is lauric acid.
The lauric acid is isolated and then hydrogenated to form the lauryl alcohol.

Alternately, the whole oil can be esterified and then hydrogenated to form the fatty alcohols of which lauryl alcohol would be isolated by fractionation.
The lauryl alcohol is then combined with sulfur which then forms the salt, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate.

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate is a cleansing agent known for being too good at the job and potentially irritating the skin.
But, on the positive side, it can produce copious, creamy and luxurious foam compared to the more gentle and thus nowadays much more commonly used Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate.

In fact, SLS is so good at irritating the skin that it is very commonly used in dermatological studies just for that. It is a so-called "primary irritant", a substance that irritates the skin in one go (without prior sensitization) but doesn't do any other big harm (such as being carcinogenic or systematically toxic - those claims are not true).
Also, the formula can greatly influence the irritating potential of SLS, and mixing it with other cleaning agents makes it milder.

If it's not in a cleanser, it works as an emulsifier or even as a penetration enhancer for active materials.

Synonyms:
151-21-3
SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Sodium dodecylsulfate
Sodium lauryl sulphate
Sodium dodecyl sulphate
Dodecyl sodium sulfate
Neutrazyme
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate
Irium
Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt
Dodecyl sulfate, sodium salt
Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt
Anticerumen
Duponal
Duponol
Gardinol
Dreft
Aquarex methyl
Duponol methyl
Solsol needles
Stepanol methyl
Duponol waqa
Stepanol wac
Stepanol waq
Duponol qx
Richonol af
Perlandrol L
Perlankrol L
Sipex sb
Sipex sd
Standapol wa-ac
Stepanol me dry
Duponol Me
Richonol A
Richonol C
Sintapon L
Duponol C
Maprofix LK
Standapol WAQ
Stepanol ME
Stepanol WA
Akyposal SDS
Carsonol SLS
Maprobix NEU
Maprofix NEU
Maprofix WAC
Aquarex ME
Dupanol WAQ
Duponol QC
Duponol WA
Duponol WA dry
Duponol WAQ
Empicol LPZ
Hexamol SLS
Melanol CL
Duponal WAQE
Duponol WAQE
Duponol WAQM
Lanette Wax-S
Sterling wa paste
Conco sulfate WA
Conco sulfate WN
Nikkol SLS
Orvus WA Paste
Sipex OP
Sipex SP
Sipex UB
Sipon LS
Sipon PD
Sipon WD
Detergent 66
Montopol La Paste
Sipon LSB
Maprofix WAC-LA
Sterling WAQ-CH
Cycloryl 21
Cycloryl 31
Stepanol WA Paste
Conco Sulfate WAG
Conco Sulfate WAN
Conco Sulfate WAS
Quolac EX-UB
Odoripon Al 95
Avirol 118 conc
Cycloryl 580
Cycloryl 585N
Lauryl sulfate sodium salt
Lauyl sodium sulfate
Maprofix 563
Sinnopon LS 95
Stepanol T 28
Steinapol NLS 90
Empicol LS 30
Empicol LX 28
Lauryl sodium sulfate
Melanol CL 30
NALS
Rewopol NLS 30
Standapol waq special
Standapol was 100
Sinnopon LS 100
Stepanol WA-100
Carsonol SLS Special
Standapol 112 conc
Stepanol ME Dry AW
Avirol 101
Emersal 6400
Monogen Y 100
Carsonol SLS Paste B
sodium;dodecyl sulfate
Stepanol methyl dry aw
Berol 452
Emal 10
EMAL O
Sipon LS 100
n-Dodecyl sulfate sodium
Sodium monolauryl sulfate
Monododecyl sodium sulfate
Sodiumlauryl ether sulfate
Conco sulfate WA-1200
Conco sulfate WA-1245
Dehydag sulfate GL emulsion
Product no. 75
Product no. 161
MFCD00036175
Emulsifier no. 104
CHEBI:8984
UNII-368GB5141J
P and G Emulsifier 104
Sodium lauryl sulfate ether
Sodium Laurylsulfate
Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt (1:1)
SLS
Texapon K 1296
NCI-C50191
Laurylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
Natriumalkyl(C8-C20)-sulfate
Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
Dodecylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt
Finasol osr2
Incronol SLS
Natriumlaurylsulfat
368GB5141J
NSC-402488
NCGC00091020-03
E487
Jordanol SL-300
Finasol osr(sub 2)
Dodecyl sulfate sodium
Monagen Y 100
Perklankrol ESD 60
Caswell No. 779
Natrium laurylsulfuricum
DSSTox_CID_6031
DSSTox_RID_77989
Sodium monododecyl sulfate
DSSTox_GSID_26031
12738-53-3
12765-21-8
1334-67-4
Laurylsiran sodny [Czech]
Lauryl sulfate, sodium salt
Dehydrag sulfate gl emulsion
Dehydag sulphate GL emulsion
Laurylsiran sodny
Rhodapon UB
Sodium lauryl sulfate 30%
sodiumdodecylsulfate
CAS-151-21-3
CCRIS 6272
Lauryl sulfate sodium
HSDB 1315
Sodium lauryl sulfate, dental grade
EINECS 205-788-1
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079011
NSC 402488
CP 75424
Empicol
AI3-00356
Sodium lauryl sulfate [JAN:NF]
sodiumlauryl sulfate
Sodium laurilsulfate
sodium dodecylsulphate
Sodium dedecyl sulfate
Sodium-dodecyl-S-SDS
IPC-SDS
sodium n-dodecyl sulphate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate NF
lauryl sulphate sodium salt
EC 205-788-1
dodecyl sulphate sodium salt
SCHEMBL1102
C12H25NaO4S
sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)
CHEMBL23393
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 99%
sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds)
sodium 2-dodecoxyethyl sulfate
Sodium dodecyl sulphate solution
DTXSID1026031
dodecyl sulfuric acid sodium salt
Dodecyl sulphuric acid sodium salt
Sodium lauryl sulfate (JP17/NF)
BCP30594
CS-B1770
Tox21_111059
Tox21_201614
Tox21_300149
BDBM50530482
AKOS015897278
AKOS025147308
Tox21_111059_1
DB00815
Dodecyl sulfuric acid ester sodium salt
NCGC00091020-01
NCGC00091020-02
NCGC00254225-01
NCGC00259163-01
NCGC00274082-01
AS-14730
M361
Lauryl Sulfate, Sodium Salt (25% Aq.)
D1403
FT-0603358
FT-0700721
I0352
S0588
D01045
F16341
S-4600
S-4601
Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10% solution in water
SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE BIOTECH GRD 100G
Q422241
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate, 98%, for electrophoresis
Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate (SDS), 20% aqueous solution
F0001-0539
Z169572898

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na and structure H3C−(CH2)11−O−S(=O)2−O−Na+.
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is an ionic surfactant.
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is a yellow oil, which can form a hexagonal or rhombic strong flake-like crystal.

CAS Number: 69669-44-9
Molecular Formula: C18H29NaO3S
Molecular Weight: 348.48
EINECS Number: 274-070-8

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) acts as a surfactant in the ionic self-assembly reaction of cyclophane BIMCP-1.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon organosulfate.

Its hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar "headgroup" give the compound amphiphilic properties that make it useful as a detergent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is also component of mixtures produced from inexpensive coconut and palm oils.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has micro toxicity and has been recognized by the international security organization as a safe chemical raw material.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used to clean fruit and tableware.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used in detergent has a branched chain structure (ABS) and linear structure (LAS).

The branched chain structure has small biodegradability. SDBS can cause environmental pollution.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is an active ingredient cleaning agent, or "surfactant," that is one of a group of ingredients commonly used in bath products, cleansing products, shampoos and hair conditioners.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, often abbreviated as SDBS or SLS, is a synthetic organic compound.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is classified as an anionic surfactant, which means it has surface-active properties and can lower the surface tension of liquids.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is commonly used in various industrial and household applications due to its surfactant properties.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, commonly referred to as SDS, is a versatile anionic surfactant utilized in various laboratory and industrial settings.

This water-soluble compound is both biodegradable and non-toxic, offering a broad range of applications across fields like biochemistry, nanotechnology, and medical research.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonates functions extend to emulsification, detergency, and cleaning purposes.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate holds significant importance in scientific research, particularly in the realm of biochemistry.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonates role as an anionic surfactant aids in the solubilization of proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules.
Moreover, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate finds application in gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins and macromolecules based on size.
Additionally, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate plays a crucial part in DNA sample preparation for sequencing and nanoparticle production.

As an anionic surfactant, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate reduces the surface tension of aqueous solutions, enabling the solubilization of proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate also interacts with proteins and macromolecules, modifying their shape and enhancing solubility.
While SDS is generally regarded as non-toxic and biodegradable, it can exhibit biochemical and physiological effects such as increased cell membrane permeability and alterations in protein structure and function.

Furthermore, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has been observed to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as disrupt the metabolism of specific organisms.
The linear structure is easier biodegradation more than 90%.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate brings little influence to the environment.

Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate has a significant effect on the granular fouling, protein fouling, and oil fouling.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is better to clean granular fouling on natural fibers.
The detergency of SDBS is enhanced with the increase of temperature.

The effect on protein fouling is better than that of the non-ionic surfactant.
However, there are two disadvantages of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonates, one is poor hard water tolerance and the detergency can be reduced with the hardness of the water.
Therefore, the detergent must be used with the appropriate chelating mixture.

Second, the decreasing ability is too strong.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is irritant to the skin when washing by hand.
In recent years, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is often used with nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) for better washing effect.

The main purpose of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is to make a variety detergent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a kind of yellow oily, micro-toxicity.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is neutral, more sensitive to water hardness, and not easy to oxidation.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has strong foaming ability and detergency and is easy to compound with various additives.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Powder is highly biodegradable, low toxic, non-harmful to skin and fabric, and has a high detergent power and foaming capacity.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can protect both the environment and our health, meanwhile remove soil easily.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Powder has a compound formulation combining a unique functional surfactant and a softening agent, the component substitutes the traditionally used sodium alkybenzene sulfonate, thus eliminating the impact of benzene in sodium alkybenzene sulfonate.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a high-content anionic surfactant with detergency, moistening, foaming, emulsifying, and dispersing properties.

The biological degradability of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is more than 90%. International security organizations have recognized it as a safe chemical.
The critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water at 25 °C is 8.2 mM, and the aggregation number at this concentration is usually considered to be about 62.
The micelle ionization fraction (α) is around 0.3 (or 30%).

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is mainly used in detergents for laundry with many cleaning applications.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues.
For example, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car exterior cleaners.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a component in hand soap, toothpastes, shampoos, shaving creams, and bubble bath formulations, for its ability to create a foam (lather), for its surfactant properties, and in part for its thickening effect.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, appearing as its synonym sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient for food use according to the USFDA.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used as an emulsifying agent and whipping aid.

As an emulsifier in or with egg whites the United States Code of Federal Regulations require that it must not exceed 1,000 parts per million (0.1%) in egg white solids or 125 parts per million (0.0125%) in frozen or liquid egg whites and as a whipping agent for the preparation of marshmallows it must not exceed 0.5% of the weight of gelatine.[
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is reported to temporarily diminish perception of sweetness.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is synthesized by treating lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide, oleum, or chlorosulfuric acid to produce hydrogen lauryl sulfate.

Lauryl alcohol can be used in pure form or as a mixtures of fatty alcohols. When produced from these sources, "Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate" products are a mixture of various sodium alkyl sulfates with SDS being the main component.
For instance, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco sulfate (SCS).
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is available commercially in powder, pellet, and other forms (each differing in rates of dissolution), as well as in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, white or light yellow powder or flake solid.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is difficult to volatilize, but it easy to dissolve in water and become a subtransparent solution.
For alkali, dilute acid, it has stable hard water properties.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is micro toxicity.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is commonly used as an anionic surfactant.
According to the physicochemical property, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has three main functions.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a kind of yellow oily, micro-toxicity.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is neutral, more sensitive to water hardness, and not easy to oxidation.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has a strong foaming ability and detergency and is easy to compound with various additives.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a high-content anionic surfactant with properties of detergency, moistening, foaming, emulsifying, and dispersity.
The biological degradability of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate surfactant is more than 90%.
International security organizations have recognized it as a safe chemical.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has a hydrophobic (water-repellent) tail composed of a dodecyl (12-carbon) alkyl chain attached to a hydrophilic (water-attracting) sulfonate (SO3-) group.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can reduce the surface tension of water and other liquids.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can help solubilize nonpolar substances in aqueous solutions and improve the wetting, dispersing, and emulsifying properties of formulations.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a common ingredient in detergents, including laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, and industrial cleaners.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonates ability to remove dirt, grease, and oil makes it effective for cleaning.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used to stabilize emulsions, which are mixtures of immiscible liquids, such as oil and water.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can help prevent the separation of these components in products like salad dressings and mayonnaise.

Form: powder
Color: light yellow
Water Solubility: almost transparency
Merck: 14,8612
Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 11.7

The chemical formula of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is C18H29NaO3S and its molecular weight is 384.48.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a white or yellowish powder and is soluble in water.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is neutral, sensitive to the hardness of water, not easy to oxidation, strong foaming ability, high decontamination power, easy to mix various auxiliaries, low production cost and mature synthesis process.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has been recognized as a safe chemical raw material by international safety organizations and is an anionic surfactant.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a common ingredient in toothpastes due to its low cost, its lack of impact on taste, and its desirable action as a foaming agent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate may reduce the amount of bad breath-causing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the mouth.

A series of small crossover studies (25–34 patients) have supported the efficacy of SLS in the reduction of VSCs, and its related positive impact on breath malodor, although these studies have been generally noted to reflect technical challenges in the control of study design variables.
The emulsifier is a kind of substance that improves the surface tension between various components in the emulsion and forms a stable dispersion system or emulsion.
There are hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups in its molecule.

And they gathered on the oil/water boundary.
They also can reduce the interfacial tension and reduce the energy required to form the emulsion, so as to improve the energy of the emulsion.
As a kind of anionic surfactant, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has good surface activity and strong hydrophilicity.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate effectively reduces the tension of oil and water surface to emulsification.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate sulfonate has been widely used in the preparation of cosmetics, food, printing and dyeing auxiliaries and pesticides.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is often added to products like shampoos, hand soaps, and bath products as a foaming agent.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate creates a rich lather when mixed with water, enhancing the cleaning and spreading properties of these products.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used for cleaning equipment, degreasing surfaces, and aiding in the formulation of various chemicals and formulations.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is sometimes used in the petroleum industry to improve the recovery of oil from reservoirs through enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used in textile processing to assist in dyeing and printing operations.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate may be used in pesticide formulations to improve the spreading and wetting of pesticides on plant surfaces.
Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate is used in research laboratories for various purposes, including protein solubilization and as a component of buffer solutions.

Uses
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be described as an anionic frother with a structure that is composed of an aromatic hydrocarbon and an aliphatic radical.
In spite of the fact that these frothers have good frothing properties, their application was limited, likely because most Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate frothers contain traces of sulfur, which interfere with flotation.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used in cleaning procedures, and is commonly used as a component for lysing cells during RNA extraction and/or DNA extraction, and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis in the SDS-PAGE technique.

In the case of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate-PAGE, the compound works by disrupting non-covalent bonds in the proteins, and so denaturing them, i.e. causing the protein molecules to lose their native conformations and shapes.
By binding to proteins at a ratio of one SDS molecule per 2 amino acid residues, the negatively charged detergent provides all proteins with a similar net negative charge and therefore a similar charge-to-mass ratio.
In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their length as opposed to both their native charge and shape.[

This separation based on the size of the polypeptide chain simplifies the analysis of protein molecules.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has been used to stabilize dispersions of graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) during the preparation of the liquid phase of GNFs.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can also suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes as individuals in aqueous media and also give well-resolved spectral features.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate was used to fabricate amperometic biosensors for glucose.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a widely used in the pharmaceutical field as an ionic solubilizer and emulsifier that is suitable for applications in liquid dispersions, solutions, emulsions and micro emulsions, tablets, foams and semi-solids such as creams, lotions and gels.
Additionally, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate aids in tablet wettability, as well as lubrication during manufacturing. Brand names of pharma-grade SLS include Kolliphor Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate and Kolliphor Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate Fine.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used in an improved technique for preparing brain tissues for study by optical microscopy.
The technique, which has been branded as CLARITY, was the work of Karl Deisseroth and coworkers at Stanford University, and involves infusion of the organ with an acrylamide solution to bind the macromolecules of the organ (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), followed by thermal polymerization to form a "brain–hydrogel" (a mesh interspersed throughout the tissue to fix the macromolecules and other structures in space), and then by lipid removal using Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate to eliminate light scattering with minimal protein loss, rendering the tissue quasi-transparent.

Along with Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate and Triton X-100, aqueous solutions of SDS are popular for dispersing or suspending nanotubes, such as carbon nanotubes.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has been proposed as a potentially effective topical microbicide, for intravaginal use, to inhibit and possibly prevent infection by various enveloped and non-enveloped viruses such as the herpes simplex viruses, HIV, and the Semliki Forest virus.
Liquid membranes formed from Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate in water have been demonstrated to work as unusual particle separators.

The device acts as a reverse filter, allowing large particles to pass while capturing smaller particles.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has been used to stabilize dispersions of graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) during the preparation of the liquid phase of GNFs.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can also suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes as individuals in aqueous media and also give well-resolved spectral features.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate was used to fabricate amperometic biosensors for glucose.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as an efficient emulsifying agent for polymerizing pressure-sensitive adhesive. Dosage: 0.1~0.5%.
As the main content of high-class detergent and cleaner, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can blench, remove stains and oil and resist static electricity.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as an antistatic additive with a cleaning function for textile oil.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be an efficient antistatic agent for polyester substrate and film base, especially for polyester base cinefilm and filmstrip.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be the antistatic agent for polyolefine, polyester, and other polymer materials.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as the anti-hygroscopic and anticaking additives for powdered chemical products that easily absorb moisture and agglomerate, such as methenamine, carbamide, and ammonium nitrate.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate products are widely used.
In addition to the above several functions, SDBS also can be used as a cotton fabric refining agent and desizing agent in textile.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as an efficient emulsifying agent for polymerizing pressure-sensitive adhesive.
As the main content of high-class detergent and cleaner, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can blench, remove stains and oil and resist static electricity.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as an antistatic additive with a cleaning function for textile oil.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as an efficient antistatic agent for polyester substrate and film base, especially for polyester base cinefilm and filmstrip.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as the antistatic agent for polyolefine, polyester, and other polymer materials.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as the anti-hygroscopic and anticaking additives for powdered chemical products that are easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, such as methenamine, carbamide, and ammonium nitrate.

Adding 0.3∼0.5% of Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can increase crystalline particles, resist moisture and remove static electricity so as to prevent caking.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a kind of efficient additive that can improve the quality of organic and inorganic chemical products that are easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as a good degreasing for quality leathers.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used as resin dispersant, felt detergent and deinking agent in the papermaking industry.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used as an osmotic degreaser in the leather industry.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used as an anti-blocking agent in the fertilizer industry.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used in the cement industry as a gassing agent, or used separately or in conjunction with components.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is widely used in the production of various detergents and emulsifiers, and can be properly used in cosmetics such as shampoo, foam bath, etc.; it can also be used as cleaning agent in textile industry, dyeing assistant, degreasing agent in electroplating industry; deinking agent in paper industry also needs to add a certain amount of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate.
In addition, linear Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is very stable to oxidizer and soluble in water, so it is very suitable for washing powder with oxidizing bleach.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is a common ingredient in household and industrial cleaning products, including laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, all-purpose cleaners, and degreasers.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate helps remove dirt, grease, and stains from surfaces.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used in various personal care items such as shampoos, body washes, hand soaps, and bath products.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate functions as a foaming agent, creating a rich lather for cleansing and spreading.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is employed as an emulsifying agent in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate helps stabilize and homogenize emulsions, such as salad dressings, mayonnaise, creams, and lotions.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used in enhanced oil recovery processes.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate helps reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, improving the displacement of oil from reservoirs.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used in textile manufacturing to aid in dyeing and printing processes.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate helps disperse dyes and improve their adherence to fabric fibers.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is sometimes added to pesticide formulations to enhance the spreading and wetting properties of the pesticide on plant surfaces, ensuring better coverage.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate in various experiments and applications, including protein solubilization, buffer preparation, and as a surfactant in analytical chemistry techniques.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be found in various industrial processes, such as metal cleaning, degreasing, and as a component in the formulation of chemicals and formulations.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonatemay be used in water treatment processes to help disperse and remove contaminants from water.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is used in the production of firefighting foam concentrates to create stable and effective foams for extinguishing flammable liquid fires.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate may be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve wetting and bonding properties.
In the plastics industry, Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can be used as a dispersant and surfactant in the processing of polymer resins.

Safety Profile:
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is not carcinogenic in low concentrations according to some like all detergents, sodium lauryl sulfate removes oils from the skin, and can cause skin and eye irritation.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate has been shown to irritate the skin of the face, with prolonged and constant exposure (more than an hour) in young adults.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate may worsen skin problems in individuals with chronic skin hypersensitivity, with some people being affected more than others.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety goggles, to prevent skin and eye exposure.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate dust or aerosols can lead to respiratory irritation.

Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate can result in gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and other digestive discomfort.
Avoid ingestion, and keep the chemical out of reach of children.
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate may have environmental effects if not handled and disposed of properly.

Synonyms
69669-44-9
sodium;4-dodecan-3-ylbenzenesulfonate
2212-50-2
NCGC00164362-01
DSSTox_CID_5219
DSSTox_RID_77705
DSSTox_GSID_25219
85117-50-6
90194-45-9
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-(1-ethyldecyl)-, sodium salt
CHEMBL1720065
CAS-25155-30-0
DSSTox_RID_78822
DSSTox_GSID_29806
SCHEMBL4443370
DTXSID1058711
Tox21_112106
Tox21_200193
Tox21_201718
Tox21_300506
NCGC00254300-01
NCGC00257747-01
NCGC00259267-01
CAS-69669-44-9
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-(1-ethyldecyl)-, sodium salt (1:1)

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a white to light yellow flakes, granules or powder.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a series of organic compounds with the formula C12H25C6H4SO3Na.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is classified as an anionic surfactant, which means it has surface-active properties and can lower the surface tension of liquids.

CAS Number: 25155-30-0
Molecular Formula: C18H29NaO3S
Molecular Weight: 348.48
EINECS Number: 246-680-4

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is usually produced as a mixture of related sulfonates.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a major component of laundry detergent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is soluble in water.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate acts as a surfactant in the ionic self-assembly reaction of cyclophane BIMCP-1.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is the sodium salt of the 12-carbon organosulfate.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is hydrocarbon tail combined with a polar "headgroup" give the compound amphiphilic properties that make it useful as a detergent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is also component of mixtures produced from inexpensive coconut and palm oils.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has micro toxicity and has been recognized by the international security organization as a safe chemical raw material.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used to clean fruit and tableware.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in detergent has a branched chain structure (ABS) and linear structure (LAS).

The branched chain structure has small biodegradability.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is an active ingredient cleaning agent, or "surfactant," that is one of a group of ingredients commonly used in bath products, cleansing products, shampoos and hair conditioners.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, often abbreviated as SDBS or SLS, is a synthetic organic compound.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is commonly used in various industrial and household applications due to its surfactant properties.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a colourless salt with useful properties as a surfactant.

This water-soluble compound is both biodegradable and non-toxic, offering a broad range of applications across fields like biochemistry, nanotechnology, and medical research.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonates functions extend to emulsification, detergency, and cleaning purposes.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate holds significant importance in scientific research, particularly in the realm of biochemistry.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonates role as an anionic surfactant aids in the solubilization of proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules.
Moreover, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate finds application in gel electrophoresis for the separation of proteins and macromolecules based on size.
Additionally, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate plays a crucial part in DNA sample preparation for sequencing and nanoparticle production.

As an anionic surfactant, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate reduces the surface tension of aqueous solutions, enabling the solubilization of proteins, lipids, and other macromolecules.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate also interacts with proteins and macromolecules, modifying their shape and enhancing solubility.

While Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is generally regarded as non-toxic and biodegradable, it can exhibit biochemical and physiological effects such as increased cell membrane permeability and alterations in protein structure and function.
Furthermore, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has been observed to inhibit the growth of certain bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as disrupt the metabolism of specific organisms.
The linear structure is easier biodegradation more than 90%.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate brings little influence to the environment.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, commonly referred to as SDS, is a versatile anionic surfactant utilized in various laboratory and industrial settings.
The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate is used as a synthetic detergent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a high-content anionic surfactant with properties of detergency, moistening, foaming, emulsifying, and dispersity.
The biological degradability of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate surfactant is more than 90%.

International security organizations have recognized it as a safe chemical.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has a hydrophobic (water-repellent) tail composed of a dodecyl (12-carbon) alkyl chain attached to a hydrophilic (water-attracting) sulfonate (SO3-) group.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can reduce the surface tension of water and other liquids.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can help solubilize nonpolar substances in aqueous solutions and improve the wetting, dispersing, and emulsifying properties of formulations.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a common ingredient in detergents, including laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, and industrial cleaners.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonates ability to remove dirt, grease, and oil makes it effective for cleaning.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used to stabilize emulsions, which are mixtures of immiscible liquids, such as oil and water.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can help prevent the separation of these components in products like salad dressings and mayonnaise.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate or sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), sometimes written sodium laurilsulfate, is an organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11OSO3Na and structure H3C−(CH2)11−O−S(=O)2−O−Na+.

Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate is an ionic surfactant.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has a significant effect on the granular fouling, protein fouling, and oil fouling.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is better to clean granular fouling on natural fibers.

The detergency of SDBS is enhanced with the increase of temperature.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a yellow oil, which can form a hexagonal or rhombic strong flake-like crystal.
The effect on protein fouling is better than that of the non-ionic surfactant.

However, there are two disadvantages of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonates, one is poor hard water tolerance and the detergency can be reduced with the hardness of the water.
Therefore, the detergent must be used with the appropriate chelating mixture.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is irritant to the skin when washing by hand.

In recent years, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is often used with nonionic surfactants such as fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (AEO) for better washing effect.
The main purpose of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is to make a variety detergent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a kind of yellow oily, micro-toxicity.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is neutral, more sensitive to water hardness, and not easy to oxidation.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has strong foaming ability and detergency and is easy to compound with various additives.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Powder is highly biodegradable, low toxic, non-harmful to skin and fabric, and has a high detergent power and foaming capacity.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Powder has a compound formulation combining a unique functional surfactant and a softening agent, the component substitutes the traditionally used sodium alkybenzene sulfonate, thus eliminating the impact of benzene in sodium alkybenzene sulfonate.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a high-content anionic surfactant with detergency, moistening, foaming, emulsifying, and dispersing properties.
The biological degradability of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is more than 90%. International security organizations have recognized it as a safe chemical.

The critical micelle concentration (CMC) in water at 25 °C is 8.2 mM, and the aggregation number at this concentration is usually considered to be about 62.
The micelle ionization fraction (α) is around 0.3 (or 30%).
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is mainly used in detergents for laundry with many cleaning applications.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a highly effective surfactant and is used in any task requiring the removal of oily stains and residues.

For example, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is found in higher concentrations with industrial products including engine degreasers, floor cleaners, and car exterior cleaners.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a component in hand soap, toothpastes, shampoos, shaving creams, and bubble bath formulations, for its ability to create a foam (lather), for its surfactant properties, and in part for its thickening effect.
As an emulsifier in or with egg whites the United States Code of Federal Regulations require that it must not exceed 1,000 parts per million (0.1%) in egg white solids or 125 parts per million (0.0125%) in frozen or liquid egg whites and as a whipping agent for the preparation of marshmallows it must not exceed 0.5% of the weight of gelatine.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is reported to temporarily diminish perception of sweetness.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is synthesized by treating lauryl alcohol with sulfur trioxide, oleum, or chlorosulfuric acid to produce hydrogen lauryl sulfate.
Lauryl alcohol can be used in pure form or as a mixtures of fatty alcohols. When produced from these sources, "Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate" products are a mixture of various sodium alkyl sulfates with SDS being the main component.

For instance, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a component, along with other chain-length amphiphiles, when produced from coconut oil, and is known as sodium coco sulfate (SCS).
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is available commercially in powder, pellet, and other forms (each differing in rates of dissolution), as well as in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, white or light yellow powder or flake solid.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is difficult to volatilize, but it easy to dissolve in water and become a subtransparent solution.
For alkali, dilute acid, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has stable hard water properties.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is micro toxicity.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is commonly used as an anionic surfactant.
According to the physicochemical property, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has three main functions.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a kind of yellow oily, micro-toxicity.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is neutral, more sensitive to water hardness, and not easy to oxidation.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has a strong foaming ability and detergency and is easy to compound with various additives.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate, appearing as its synonym sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), is considered a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) ingredient for food use according to the USFDA.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used as an emulsifying agent and whipping aid.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can protect both the environment and our health, meanwhile remove soil easily.

Melting point: >300 °C
Boiling point: 660.62℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1.02 g/cm3
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
pka: 0.7[at 20 ℃]
form: powder
color: light yellow
Water Solubility: 800mg/L at 25℃
Merck: 14,8612
BRN: 4171051
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: JHJUUEHSAZXEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 1.96 at 25℃

Most Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonates are a member of the linear alkyl benzene sulfonates, meaning that the dodecyl group (C12H25) is un branched.
This dodecyl chain is attached at the 4- position of the benzene sulfonate group.
Linear dodecyl-4-benzene sulfonate anions can exist in six isomers (ignoring optical isomers), depending on the carbon of the dodecyl group that is attached to the benzene ring.

The isomer shown below left is 4-(5-dodecyl ) benzene sulfonate (4 indicating the position of the benzene ring, 5 indicating the position on the dodecane chain).
Branched isomers, e.g. those derived from tetramerized propylene, are also known (below right) but are not as widely used because they biodegrade too slowly.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has been recognized as a safe chemical raw material by international safety organizations and is an anionic surfactant.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a common ingredient in toothpastes due to its low cost, its lack of impact on taste, and its desirable action as a foaming agent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate may reduce the amount of bad breath-causing volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the mouth.
A series of small crossover studies (25–34 patients) have supported the efficacy of SLS in the reduction of VSCs, and its related positive impact on breath malodor, although these studies have been generally noted to reflect technical challenges in the control of study design variables.

The emulsifier is a kind of substance that improves the surface tension between various components in the emulsion and forms a stable dispersion system or emulsion.
There are hydrophilic groups and lipophilic groups in its molecule.
They also can reduce the interfacial tension and reduce the energy required to form the emulsion, so as to improve the energy of the emulsion.

As a kind of anionic surfactant, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has good surface activity and strong hydrophilicity.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate effectively reduces the tension of oil and water surface to emulsification.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate sulfonate has been widely used in the preparation of cosmetics, food, printing and dyeing auxiliaries and pesticides.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is often added to products like shampoos, hand soaps, and bath products as a foaming agent.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate creates a rich lather when mixed with water, enhancing the cleaning and spreading properties of these products.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used for cleaning equipment, degreasing surfaces, and aiding in the formulation of various chemicals and formulations.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used in textile processing to assist in dyeing and printing operations.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate may be used in pesticide formulations to improve the spreading and wetting of pesticides on plant surfaces.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in research laboratories for various purposes, including protein solubilization and as a component of buffer solutions.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is sometimes used in the petroleum industry to improve the recovery of oil from reservoirs through enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques.

Production:
Trillions of kilograms are produced annually.
Given the large scale of the application, the Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonates have been prepared by many methods.
In the most common route, benzene is alkylated by long chain mono alkenes (e.g. dodecene) using hydrogen fluoride as a catalyst.

The purified dodecyl benzenes (and related derivatives) are then sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to give the sulfonic acid.
The sulfonic acid is subsequently neutralized with sodium hydroxide.

Uses:
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate has been used to stabilize dispersions of graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) during the preparation of the liquid phase of GNFs.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used as an antistatic additive with a cleaning function for textile oil.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be an efficient antistatic agent for polyester substrate and film base, especially for polyester base cinefilm and filmstrip.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be the antistatic agent for polyolefine, polyester, and other polymer materials.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be described as an anionic frother with a structure that is composed of an aromatic hydrocarbon and an aliphatic radical.
In spite of the fact that these frothers have good frothing properties, their application was limited, likely because most Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate frothers contain traces of sulfur, which interfere with flotation.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in cleaning procedures, and is commonly used as a component for lysing cells during RNA extraction and/or DNA extraction, and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis in the SDS-PAGE technique.
In the case of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate-PAGE, the compound works by disrupting non-covalent bonds in the proteins, and so denaturing them, i.e. causing the protein molecules to lose their native conformations and shapes.

By binding to proteins at a ratio of one SDS molecule per 2 amino acid residues, the negatively charged detergent provides all proteins with a similar net negative charge and therefore a similar charge-to-mass ratio.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate was used to fabricate amperometic biosensors for glucose.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a widely used in the pharmaceutical field as an ionic solubilizer and emulsifier that is suitable for applications in liquid dispersions, solutions, emulsions and micro emulsions, tablets, foams and semi-solids such as creams, lotions and gels.

Additionally, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate aids in tablet wettability, as well as lubrication during manufacturing.
Brand names of pharma-grade SLS include Kolliphor Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate and Kolliphor Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate Fine.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in an improved technique for preparing brain tissues for study by optical microscopy.

The technique, which has been branded as CLARITY, was the work of Karl Deisseroth and coworkers at Stanford University, and involves infusion of the organ with an acrylamide solution to bind the macromolecules of the organ (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.), followed by thermal polymerization to form a "brain–hydrogel" (a mesh interspersed throughout the tissue to fix the macromolecules and other structures in space), and then by lipid removal using Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate to eliminate light scattering with minimal protein loss, rendering the tissue quasi-transparent.
In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their length as opposed to both their native charge and shape.

This separation based on the size of the polypeptide chain simplifies the analysis of protein molecules.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can also suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes as individuals in aqueous media and also give well-resolved spectral features.
The device acts as a reverse filter, allowing large particles to pass while capturing smaller particles.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has been used to stabilize dispersions of graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) during the preparation of the liquid phase of GNFs.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can also suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes as individuals in aqueous media and also give well-resolved spectral features.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate was used to fabricate amperometic biosensors for glucose.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used as an efficient emulsifying agent for polymerizing pressure-sensitive adhesive. Dosage: 0.1~0.5%.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used as the anti-hygroscopic and anticaking additives for powdered chemical products that easily absorb moisture and agglomerate, such as methenamine, carbamide, and ammonium nitrate.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate products are widely used.

In addition to the above several functions, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate also can be used as a cotton fabric refining agent and desizing agent in textile.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate functions as a foaming agent, creating a rich lather for cleansing and spreading.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is employed as an emulsifying agent in the food industry, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate helps stabilize and homogenize emulsions, such as salad dressings, mayonnaise, creams, and lotions.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used in enhanced oil recovery processes.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate helps reduce the interfacial tension between oil and water, improving the displacement of oil from reservoirs.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in textile manufacturing to aid in dyeing and printing processes.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate helps disperse dyes and improve their adherence to fabric fibers.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is sometimes added to pesticide formulations to enhance the spreading and wetting properties of the pesticide on plant surfaces, ensuring better coverage.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate in various experiments and applications, including protein solubilization, buffer preparation, and as a surfactant in analytical chemistry techniques.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be found in various industrial processes, such as metal cleaning, degreasing, and as a component in the formulation of chemicals and formulations.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonatemay be used in water treatment processes to help disperse and remove contaminants from water.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in the production of firefighting foam concentrates to create stable and effective foams for extinguishing flammable liquid fires.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used as an efficient emulsifying agent for polymerizing pressure-sensitive adhesive.
As the main content of high-class detergent and cleaner, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can blench, remove stains and oil and resist static electricity.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used as resin dispersant, felt detergent and deinking agent in the papermaking industry.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used as an osmotic degreaser in the leather industry.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used as an anti-blocking agent in the fertilizer industry.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in the cement industry as a gassing agent, or used separately or in conjunction with components.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is widely used in the production of various detergents and emulsifiers, and can be properly used in cosmetics such as shampoo, foam bath, etc.; it can also be used as cleaning agent in textile industry, dyeing assistant, degreasing agent in electroplating industry; deinking agent in paper industry also needs to add a certain amount of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate.

In addition, linear Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is very stable to oxidizer and soluble in water, so it is very suitable for washing powder with oxidizing bleach.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is a common ingredient in household and industrial cleaning products, including laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, all-purpose cleaners, and degreasers.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate helps remove dirt, grease, and stains from surfaces.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is used in various personal care items such as shampoos, body washes, hand soaps, and bath products.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used as an antistatic additive with a cleaning function for textile oil.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used as an efficient antistatic agent for polyester substrate and film base, especially for polyester base cinefilm and filmstrip.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used as the antistatic agent for polyolefine, polyester, and other polymer materials.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can be used as the anti-hygroscopic and anticaking additives for powdered chemical products that are easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate, such as methenamine, carbamide, and ammonium nitrate.

As the main content of high-class detergent and cleaner, Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can blench, remove stains and oil and resist static electricity.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can also suspend single-walled carbon nanotubes as individuals in aqueous media and also give well-resolved spectral features.

Safety Profile:
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate may worsen skin problems in individuals with chronic skin hypersensitivity, with some people being affected more than others.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is not carcinogenic in low concentrations according to some like all detergents, sodium lauryl sulfate removes oils from the skin, and can cause skin and eye irritation.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can cause skin and eye irritation upon direct contact.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate has been shown to irritate the skin of the face, with prolonged and constant exposure (more than an hour) in young adults.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate is important to wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety goggles, to prevent skin and eye exposure.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate can result in gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and other digestive discomfort.

Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate dust or aerosols can lead to respiratory irritation.
Avoid ingestion, and keep the chemical out of reach of children.
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate may have environmental effects if not handled and disposed of properly.

Synonyms:
Sodium p-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
25155-30-0
sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
sodium;4-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
HB2D2ZEI04
Sodium 4-dodecylbenzenesulphonate
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-dodecyl-, sodium salt (1:1)
MFCD00011508
DODECYLBENZENESODIUMSULFONATE
SULFONAX
UNII-HB2D2ZEI04
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-dodecyl-, sodium salt
SCHEMBL446403
sodium p-dodecylphenylsulfonate
Sodiump-dodecylbenzenesulfonate
DTXSID9042413
JHJUUEHSAZXEEO-UHFFFAOYSA-M
sodium 4-dodecylbenzene-1-sulfonate
EINECS 218-654-2
AKOS040768553
p-Undecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt
4-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt
SODIUM 1-PHENYLDODECANE-P-SULFONATE
CS-0264826
FT-0659925
FT-0717310
EN300-94762
W-107260
W-110284
Q27279832
Dodecene-1 LAS (for biodegradability of synthetic detergent) (JIS K 3363-1990)

SODIUM DODOXYNOL-40 SULFATE Nom INCI : SODIUM DODOXYNOL-40 SULFATE Classification : Sulfate, Composé éthoxylé Ses fonctions (INCI) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

cas no 6381-77-7 Isoascorbic acid, sodium salt; D-Araboascorbic acid, monosodium salt; D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, gamma-lactone, monosodium salt; Erythorbic Acid Monosodium Salt; Monosodium erythorbate; Neo-cebitate; 2,3-Didehydro-3-O-sodio- D-erythro- hexono-1,4-Lactone; 2,3-Didehidro-3-O-sodio-D- eritro-hexono- 1,4-Lactona: 2,3-Didéhydro-3-O-sodio-D- érythro-hexono-1,4-Lactone; Sodium D-araboascorbate; sodium D-isoascorbate;

SYNONYMS Isoascorbic acid, sodium salt; D-Araboascorbic acid, monosodium salt; D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, gamma-lactone, monosodium salt; Erythorbic Acid Monosodium Salt; Monosodium erythorbate; Neo-cebitate; 2,3-Didehydro-3-O-sodio- D-erythro- hexono-1,4-Lactone; 2,3-Didehidro-3-O-sodio-D- eritro-hexono- 1,4-Lactona: 2,3-Didéhydro-3-O-sodio-D- érythro-hexono-1,4-Lactone; Sodium D-araboascorbate; sodium D-isoascorbate; CAS NO. 6381-77-7

Sodium erythorbate, also known as sodium isoascorbate or sodium D-isoascorbate, is a sodium salt of erythorbic acid.
Sodium erythorbate is a synthetic variation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and is widely used as an antioxidant and preservative in the food industry.
Sodium erythorbate is chemically designated as sodium salt of 2,3-diketo-L-gulonic acid and is commonly used to enhance the color, flavor, and stability of processed foods.

CAS Number: 6381-77-7
EC Number: 228-973-9

Synonyms: Sodium isoascorbate, Sodium D-isoascorbate, Erythorbic acid sodium salt, Erythorbate de sodium, E316, Antiscorbutine, Sodio eritorbato, Sodio eritórbico, Sodio isoascorbato, Sodio eritorbato



APPLICATIONS


Sodium erythorbate is extensively used as an antioxidant in the food industry.
Sodium erythorbate is added to processed meats such as sausages and bacon to prevent oxidation and maintain color.

Sodium erythorbate helps in preserving the flavor and texture of cured meats during storage.
In the beverage industry, Sodium erythorbate is used to stabilize vitamin C content in fruit juices and soft drinks.

Sodium erythorbate enhances the shelf life of canned fruits and vegetables by preventing discoloration and maintaining quality.
Sodium erythorbate is utilized in bakery products to improve dough handling and maintain freshness.

Sodium erythorbate acts as a dough conditioner, improving the elasticity and texture of baked goods.
Sodium erythorbate is added to dairy products like cheese to prevent oxidative rancidity and extend shelf life.
Sodium erythorbate plays a crucial role in maintaining the color and texture of seafood products during processing and storage.

Sodium erythorbate is used in salad dressings and sauces to prevent color changes and maintain product stability.
In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used as an antioxidant and stabilizer in vitamin and mineral supplements.

Sodium erythorbate finds application in pet foods to preserve nutrient content and enhance product shelf life.
Sodium erythorbate is used in the production of instant noodles to prevent lipid oxidation and maintain quality.

Sodium erythorbate is added to canned soups and ready-to-eat meals to enhance flavor retention and reduce oxidative spoilage.
Sodium erythorbate is employed in the production of frozen foods to preserve color, texture, and nutritional value.
Sodium erythorbate is used in the manufacturing of sauces and condiments to prevent flavor degradation over time.

Sodium erythorbate helps in preserving the quality of fruit jams, jellies, and preserves by preventing color loss and flavor changes.
In the confectionery industry, Sodium erythorbate is added to candies and chocolates to prevent oxidation of fats and oils.

Sodium erythorbate is used in the production of dietary supplements and functional foods for its antioxidant benefits.
Sodium erythorbate is included in salad kits and pre-cut vegetables to maintain crispness and freshness.
Sodium erythorbate plays a role in the preservation of nutritional drinks and meal replacements, ensuring stability of vitamins and minerals.

Sodium erythorbate is used in the production of fermented foods such as pickles and sauerkraut to maintain quality.
Sodium erythorbate is utilized in the preservation of foodservice and institutional foods to extend shelf life and reduce waste.

Sodium erythorbate contributes to the stability of flavorings and seasonings used in processed foods, ensuring consistent taste over time.
Sodium erythorbate serves as a versatile ingredient in the food and beverage industry, contributing to product quality, safety, and consumer satisfaction.

Sodium erythorbate is commonly used in the canning of fruits and vegetables to maintain their natural color and prevent browning.
Sodium erythorbate is employed in the production of fruit-based jams, preserves, and fruit fillings to enhance their shelf stability.

Sodium erythorbate is added to salad dressings and mayonnaise to maintain their texture and prevent flavor degradation.
In the wine industry, Sodium erythorbate is used to prevent oxidation during wine production and bottling.

Sodium erythorbate is utilized in the production of beer to stabilize flavor and prevent oxidative reactions that can alter taste.
Sodium erythorbate is an important additive in the production of frozen desserts like ice cream to prevent crystallization and maintain smooth texture.

Sodium erythorbate is used in the processing of frozen seafood products to retain their natural color and flavor.
Sodium erythorbate finds application in the production of packaged snacks such as potato chips and crackers to extend their shelf life.

Sodium erythorbate is added to breakfast cereals and granola bars to prevent the oxidation of fats and maintain freshness.
Sodium erythorbate is used in the production of canned soups and broths to enhance flavor stability and prolong shelf life.
Sodium erythorbate is employed in the manufacture of infant formulas and baby foods to ensure nutrient retention and safety.

Sodium erythorbate is included in dietary supplements and health drinks for its antioxidant properties, supporting overall health and wellness.
Sodium erythorbate is used in the cosmetic industry in skincare formulations to stabilize active ingredients and maintain product efficacy.

Sodium erythorbate is utilized in the pharmaceutical industry as a stabilizer in oral medications and vitamin preparations.
Sodium erythorbate is added to pet foods and treats to preserve nutrient content and enhance palatability.

Sodium erythorbate is used in the production of processed meats such as ham and turkey to improve color retention and prevent flavor loss.
Sodium erythorbate finds application in the production of sauces and condiments such as ketchup and barbecue sauce to maintain flavor consistency.

Sodium erythorbate is included in nutritional bars and meal replacement shakes to protect vitamins and minerals from degradation.
Sodium erythorbate is used in the production of packaged rice and pasta dishes to prevent rancidity and ensure quality.
Sodium erythorbate is employed in the manufacturing of bakery mixes and doughs to improve dough handling and baking performance.

Sodium erythorbate is added to ready-to-eat meals and convenience foods to preserve texture and flavor during storage and heating.
Sodium erythorbate is used in the production of shelf-stable juices and beverages to maintain their nutrient content and sensory properties.

Sodium erythorbate is employed in the canning of beans and legumes to prevent color fading and maintain product appearance.
Sodium erythorbate is used in the production of processed cheeses and cheese products to prevent oxidation and maintain flavor integrity.
Sodium erythorbate plays a critical role across various industries by enhancing product quality, extending shelf life, and ensuring consumer satisfaction.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium erythorbate, also known as sodium isoascorbate or sodium D-isoascorbate, is a sodium salt of erythorbic acid.
Sodium erythorbate is a synthetic variation of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and is widely used as an antioxidant and preservative in the food industry.
Sodium erythorbate is chemically designated as sodium salt of 2,3-diketo-L-gulonic acid and is commonly used to enhance the color, flavor, and stability of processed foods.

Sodium erythorbate is a white to slightly yellow crystalline powder with a mild odor.
Sodium erythorbate is derived from erythorbic acid, a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Sodium erythorbate is highly soluble in water, making it easy to incorporate into various food and beverage applications.
Sodium erythorbate is valued for its antioxidant properties, which help prevent oxidative degradation of food products.

Sodium erythorbate functions by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting the formation of undesirable compounds such as nitrosamines in processed meats.
In food preservation, it acts as a preservative by maintaining the color, flavor, and texture of fruits, vegetables, and meats.

The chemical stability of sodium erythorbate allows it to be used in a wide range of pH conditions without losing effectiveness.
Sodium erythorbate is commonly used in the food industry to extend the shelf life of products without impacting taste or nutritional value.
Sodium erythorbate is a versatile ingredient in the production of cured meats, where it helps maintain the pink color and prevents rancidity.

Due to its water solubility, it is also used in beverages to stabilize vitamin C content and improve flavor stability.
Sodium erythorbate is known for its dough-improving properties in baking, aiding in better gluten development and dough handling.
In dairy products, sodium erythorbate helps preserve freshness and prevent oxidative deterioration.

Sodium erythorbate is often added to canned foods to preserve texture and nutritional quality during storage.
Sodium erythorbate is recognized for its role in reducing the need for synthetic additives by enhancing natural preservation methods.

Sodium erythorbate contributes to the safety of processed foods by reducing the risk of microbial growth and spoilage.
The use of sodium erythorbate aligns with consumer preferences for clean-label ingredients in food products.

Sodium erythorbate is an important component in the formulation of nutritional supplements and fortified foods, ensuring stability and efficacy.
Sodium erythorbate has a regulatory status as a safe food additive in many countries, including the United States and the European Union.
Its ability to enhance color retention in food products makes it valuable in enhancing visual appeal and consumer acceptance.

Sodium erythorbate's application in meat processing helps meet industry standards for quality and safety in cured meats.
Sodium erythorbate is effective in reducing the formation of undesirable flavors and odors caused by oxidation in processed foods.

Its usage in food manufacturing supports sustainable practices by reducing food waste and extending product shelf life.
Sodium erythorbate undergoes rigorous testing to ensure its safety and efficacy in food applications before being approved for use.

Sodium erythorbate is essential in the production of ready-to-eat meals and convenience foods, maintaining freshness during distribution.
Sodium erythorbate is a valuable ingredient that plays a critical role in food preservation, antioxidant protection, and quality enhancement across various food and beverage industries.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White to slightly yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Mild odor
Density: ~1.65 g/cm³ (bulk density)
Melting Point: ~168-172°C (334-342°F)
Solubility:
Highly soluble in water
Slightly soluble in ethanol
pH (1% solution): ~5.5 - 8.0
Molecular Weight: Approximately 216.1 g/mol


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C6H7NaO6
IUPAC Name: Sodium (2R)-2-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-oxobutanoyl]oxy-2-hydroxypropanoate
CAS Number: 6381-77-7
EC Number: 228-973-9
Synonyms: Sodium isoascorbate, Sodium D-isoascorbate, Erythorbic acid sodium salt
Structure: Sodium erythorbate is the sodium salt of erythorbic acid, which is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
Stability: Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.
Acidity/Basicity: pH dependent, generally neutral to slightly alkaline in aqueous solutions.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If respiratory irritation occurs due to dust or aerosol exposure, move the person to fresh air.
Allow them to rest in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing difficulties persist or worsen, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected skin thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation or redness develops and persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

Flush eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists after flushing.


Ingestion:

If Sodium erythorbate is ingested accidentally and the person is conscious, rinse their mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical advice or contact a poison control center.


Personal Protection:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles when handling Sodium erythorbate in bulk or concentrated forms.
Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to ensure safety.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Conditions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing, when handling Sodium erythorbate.
Use respiratory protection if there is a risk of inhalation exposure to dust or aerosols.

Handling Precautions:
Avoid direct contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Minimize dust generation by handling Sodium erythorbate in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation.
Use tools and equipment that are resistant to corrosion by Sodium erythorbate.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling Sodium erythorbate.
Remove contaminated clothing promptly and wash before reuse.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the chemical.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Clean up spills immediately to prevent environmental contamination.
Use absorbent materials (e.g., vermiculite, sand) to contain and absorb spills.
Dispose of cleanup materials according to local regulations.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Sodium erythorbate in tightly sealed containers to prevent exposure to moisture and air.
Ensure containers are labeled properly with the chemical name and hazard information.
Keep away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents and acids.


Storage Conditions:

Temperature:
Store Sodium erythorbate in a cool, dry place.
Avoid storage in areas subject to direct sunlight or high temperatures, as this may lead to degradation.

Ventilation:
Provide adequate ventilation in storage areas to disperse any potential vapors or dust.

Containers:
Use containers made of materials compatible with Sodium erythorbate, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.
Ensure containers are tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture ingress.

Segregation:
Store Sodium erythorbate away from foodstuffs, beverages, and animal feed to prevent accidental contamination.

Handling Cautions:
Handle containers carefully to prevent damage and leakage.
Do not store near sources of ignition or combustible materials.

Emergency Preparedness:
Have appropriate spill containment and cleanup materials readily available near storage areas.
Maintain emergency response procedures and contact information for medical assistance in case of exposure or accidents.

ETHYL 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE SODIUM SALT ETHYL-4-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID SODIUM SALT ETHYL-P-HYDROXYBENZOATE SODIUM SALT p-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxide SODIUM ETHYL 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE SODIUM ETHYL-P-HYDROXYBENZOATE benzoicacid,4-hydroxy-,ethylester,sodiumsalt Benzoicacid,p-hydroxy-,ethylester,sodiumderiv. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt SODIUM ETHYLPARABEN EthylParabenSodium ETHYL4-HYDROBENZOATESODIUMSALT BENZOICACID,PARA-HYDROXY-,ETHYLESTER,SODIUMSALT 4-(Sodiooxy)benzoic acid ethyl ester 4-Sodiooxybenzoic acid ethyl ester CAS :35285-68-8

Sodium Etasulfate is a clear, colorless, viscous, and nonflammable liquid that belongs to the sodium sulfate chemical group.


CAS Number: 126-92-1
EC Number: 204-812-8
MDL number: MFCD00042047
Molecular Formula: C8H17NaO4S


Sodium Etasulfate is a solid.
Sodium Etasulfate is a clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid.
Sodium Etasulfate is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.


Sodium Etasulfate is a clear, colorless, viscous, and nonflammable liquid that belongs to the sodium sulfate chemical group.
Sodium Etasulfate is usually stable; however, it is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Sodium Etasulfate is an alkyl sodium sulfate surfactant.


Sodium Etasulfate is a clear colorless liquid.
Sodium Etasulfate is a colorless liquid.
Sodium Etasulfate is used as wetting agent for the mercerization of cotton and a surfactant in dishwashing detergents


Sodium Etasulfate is an anionic, low-foaming surfactant of the alkyl sulphates group.
Sodium Etasulfate is an aqueous solution of the sodium salt of 2-ethylhexyl sulphate.
Sodium Etasulfate is offered in the form of a clear, colourless to pale yellow liquid with a Hazen scale colour maximum value of about 150.


The active substance content in the solution ranges from 38% to 42%.
Sodium Etasulfate is characterised by low viscosity.
At 20°C, Sodium Etasulfate's density is approximately 1.1 g / mL.
Sodium Etasulfate is a clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM ETASULFATE:
Sodium Etasulfate is used detergent.
Sodium Etasulfate can be used for stable aqueous suspension formulations.
Sodium Etasulfate is an anionic surfactant that can be used in suspension polymerization.


Sodium Etasulfate is used in the analysis of phenolic compounds through microchip-CE with pulsed amperometric detection.
Sodium Etasulfate is used as charge balancing anions in the synthesis of organo-layered double hydroxides (organo-LDHs).
Sodium Etasulfate is used industrial cleaners, household detergents, textile industry, food industry, foaming agent in the production of drywall, firefighting industry, and oil extraction industry.


Sodium Etasulfate is a biochemical reagent that can be used as a biological material or organic compound for life science related research.
Due to its unique solubility and penetrating action, Sodium Etasulfate is widely used in various end-user industries such as textile, chemical production, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, metal working, and food processing.


Sodium Etasulfate is used as wetting agent in the textile industry.
Sodium Etasulfate is used along with calcium hypochlorite as a bleaching agent.
Sodium Etasulfate is used as mercerizing agent for cotton processing in the chemical industry.


Sodium Etasulfate is employed as intermediate in anoinic surfactants that are used for dishwashing detergents.
Sodium Etasulfate is also used as surfactant in lye washing and peeling process.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Sodium Etasulfate is used to enhance the bactericidal properties of generic antiseptics that are more acidic.


Sodium Etasulfate is also employed as surfactant in penicillin production for breaking undesired reaction conditions.
Sodium Etasulfate exhibits antimycotic properties, making it effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi.
Sodium Etasulfate has the potential to induce genetic damage by binding to DNA and forming adducts.


Furthermore, Sodium Etasulfate can be used in various analytical applications, particularly in wastewater treatment, as well as serving as a preservative for oils and fats.
Sodium Etasulfate is a low-foaming anionic surfactant with excellent wetting properties and outstanding stability in highly electrolyte, alkaline and acidic systems.


Sodium Etasulfate is a profound hydrotropic and wetting agent suitable for use in the production of liquid detergents for household and industrial use such as hard-surface cleaners and alkaline and acid metal degreasers.
Owing to its wetting and penetrating properties Sodium Etasulfate is used as a mercerizing agent in textile industry, in metal galvanization, pickling and brightening, in lye washing and peeling solutions for fruits and vegetables, in fountain solutions for offset printing, wallpaper removal solutions etc.


Sodium Etasulfate is a Sodium salt of 2ethylhexyl sulfate Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate uses and applications include: Wetting agent for electroplating baths, alkaline textile processing aids, industrial cleaners; coemulsifier for polymerization; viscous control in adhesives; food packaging adhesives; in paperpaperboard in contact with aqueousfatty foods; surfactant, detergent, wetting agent, emulsifier, penetrant, stabilizer for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, household and industrial cleaners, metal cleaning, paints, plastics, rubber, food packaging and processing, adhesives; washinglye peeling of fruits and vegetables


Sodium Etasulfate is an anionic surfactant that can be used.
Sodium Etasulfate is used Detergent.
Sodium Etasulfatecan be used for stable aqueous suspension formulations.


Sodium Etasulfate is a low-foaming anionic surfactant with excellent wetting properties and outstanding stability in highly electrolyte, alkaline and acidic systems.
Sodium Etasulfate is a profound hydrotropic and wetting agent suitable for use in the production of liquid detergents for household and industrial use such as hard-surface cleaners and alkaline and acid metal degreasers.


Owing to its wetting and penetrating properties Sodium Etasulfate is used as a mercerizing agent in textile industry, in metal galvanization, pickling and brightening, in lye washing and peeling solutions for fruits and vegetables, in fountain solutions for offset printing, wallpaper removal solutions etc.
Sodium Etasulfate finds diverse applications in various industries, including.


Personal Care: Sodium Etasulfate is used as a foaming and cleansing agent in personal care products, such as shampoos and body washes.
Industrial Cleaning: Sodium Etasulfate acts as an effective detergent in industrial cleaning formulations.
Textile Processing: Sodium Etasulfate is employed in textile processing for its emulsifying properties.


Sodium Etasulfate is generally considered safe when used as intended.
Sodium Etasulfate is used Galvanizing additive / Raw material for acrylic copolymer / Intermediate for organic synthesis
Sodium Etasulfate carries excellent wetting, spreading and hydrotropic proterties.


Sodium Etasulfate can tolorate alkanline condition.
Sodium Etasulfate is mainly applied as the wetting agent in alkaline solution such as textile industry.
Sodium Etasulfate can also added to the aerosol fulmulated product as the spreading agent.


Also Sodium Etasulfate can be used as the hydrotropic agent.
Sodium Etasulfate is used Agricultural Chemicals, Coupling agent, Organic Intermediates, Surfactants & Emulsifiers, Wetting Agents, Accelerators.
Sodium Etasulfate is used as low foam wetting agent in nickel baths at a concentration of 50-250ml/L.


Sodium Etasulfate is also widely used in textile industry as alkaline-resistant scouring agent and mercerizing penetrant.
Cosmetic Uses of Sodium Etasulfate: surfactants, surfactant - emulsifying, and surfactant - hydrotrope



APPLICATION AREAS OF SODIUM ETASULFATE:
*HI&I cleaning
*Emulsion polymerization
*Metalworking
*Textile auxiliaries
*Printing industry
*Agriculture



INDUSTRY OF SODIUM ETASULFATE:
*Cosmetic ,
*Plating ,
*Industrial ,
*Pharmaceutical ,
*Textiles ,
*Adhesives ,
*Plastics ,
*Rubber ,
*Detergent ,
*Cleaners



FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM ETASULFATE:
*Surfactant
*Emulsifier
*Stabilizer



ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM ETASULFATE:
*low foaming properties,
*very good wetting properties,
*good solubility in water,
*easy handling of the product,
*versatile product for multiple applications,
*high stability and interphase activity in concentrated salt and alkali solutions,
*exhibits hydrophilic properties.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ETASULFATE:
Sodium Etasulfate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint odor.
Sodium Etasulfate is sparingly soluble in water and commonly used as a surfactant.



WHAT DOES SODIUM ETASULFATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emulsifying
*Hydrotrope
*Surfactant



PRODUCTION METHODS OF SODIUM ETASULFATE:
How Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate is Manufactured
Sodium Etasulfate is produced by reacting 2-ethylhexyl alcohol with sulfuric acid, yielding the desired product.
Sodium Etasulfate is then carefully purified to meet industry standards.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM ETASULFATE:
Molecular Formula: C8H17O4S.Na
Molecular Weight: 232.273
appearance at 20°C: clear yellowish liquid
density at 20°C, g/cm3, c.: 1.10
active matter, % wt.: 42 ± 2
pH, 3% aqueous solution: 9.0 - 10.5
Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow, green
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 100 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: completely miscible
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure 23,3 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1,100 - 1,120 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.

Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight： 232.28
Exact Mass： 232.07452447
EC Number： 204-812-8|616-183-0
DSSTox ID： DTXSID1026033
HScode： 2920909090
Density： 1.114 at 71.1 °F
Boiling Point： 205 to 219 °F at 760 mm Hg
Flash Point： greater than 200 °F
Water Solubility： greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68° F
Vapor Pressure： 22.5 mm Hg at 77 °F
Air and Water Reactions： Water soluble.
Reactive Group： Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters
Molecular Weight: 232.27

Appearance: Liquid
Formula: C8H17NaO4S
CAS No.: 126-92-1
SMILES: O=S(OCC(CCCC)CC)(O[Na])=O
Shipping: Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
CAS: 126-92-1
MF: C8H17NaO4S
MW: 232.27
EINECS: 204-812-8
Melting point: 148-149 °C
density: 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure : 1.2Pa at 20℃
storage temp. : Store at RT.
solubility: DMSO (Soluble), Water (Soluble)
form: Colourless Solution
Water Solubility: >=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC

BRN: 5177087
Stability: Stable.
LogP: -0.248 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 126-92-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium ethasulfate (126-92-1)
Molecular Weight: 232.28 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 7
Exact Mass: 232.07452447 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 232.07452447 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 210
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Flash Point: 32.00 °F. TCC ( 0.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 3.085 (est)
Soluble in: water, 5.843e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Name: Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
EINECS: 204-812-8
CAS No.: 126-92-1
Density 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
PSA: 74.81000
LogP: 2.76040

Solubility: >=10 g/100 mL at 20 °C in water
Melting Point: 148-149 °C
Formula: C8H17NaO4S
Boiling Point N/A
Molecular Weight: 232.276
Flash Point: N/A
Transport Information: N/A
Appearance: clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid
Safety 26: Risk Codes 36/38
IUPAC Name: sodium;2-ethylhexyl sulfate
Molecular Weight: 232.27
Molecular Formula: C8H17NaO4S
Canonical SMILES: CCCCC(CC)COS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H18O4S.Na/c1-3-5-6-8(4-2)7-12-13(9,10)11;/h8H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10,11);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key: DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Melting Point: 148-149 °C

Density: 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
Appearance: Solid
Storage: Store at room temperature
Complexity: 210
EC Number: 204-812-8
Exact Mass: 232.07452447
Formal Charge: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Isomeric SMILES: CCCCC(CC)COS(=O)(=O)[O-].[Na+]
MDL Number: MFCD00042047
Monoisotopic Mass: 232.07452447
Physical State: Solid
Rotatable Bond Count: 7
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.8 Ų



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM ETASULFATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM ETASULFATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM ETASULFATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM ETASULFATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM ETASULFATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM ETASULFATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Sodium ethasulfate
Tergemist
08-Union Carbide
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, sulfate, sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol hydrogen sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate
2-Ethylhexylsulfate sodium
Emcol D 5-10
Emersal 6465
Ethasulfate sodium
Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate sodium salt
Mono(2-ethylhexyl)sulfate sodium salt
NIA proof 08
Pentrone ON
Propaste 6708
Sipex bos
Sodium (2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
Sodium etasulfate
Sodium mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate
Sodium octyl sulfate, iso
Sodium(2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
Sole Tege TS-25
Sulfirol 8
Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
Tergitol 08
Tergitol Anionic 08
Sodium salt of 2-ethylhexanol sulfate.
Sulfuric acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester,sodium salt (1:1)
Sulfuric acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester,sodium salt
1-Hexanol,2-ethyl-,hydrogen sulfate,sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate
Sodium etasulfate
Sodium ethasulfate
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
Tergemist
Tergimist
Tergitol 08
Ethasulfate sodium
Sulfirol 8
Pentrone ON
Emcol D 5-10
Sole Tege TS 25
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate
Tergitol Anionic 08
2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium salt
NAS 08
Niaproof 08
Sintrex EHR
Nissan Sintrex EHR
Lugalvan TC-EHS
Sulfotex CA
Rewopol NEHS 40
Witcolate D 5-10
Texapon 890
Sodium octyl sulphate
Sodium octyl sulfate
Newcol 1000SN
Avirol SA 4106
Sinolin SO 35
Rhodapon BOS
Supralate S
Carsonol SHS
Rhodapon OLS
Lutensit TC-EHS
NSC 4744
Sulfotex OA
Stepanol EHS
Pionin A 20
Texapon EHS
Kraftex OA
Disponil EHS 47
Sandet OHE
Steponol EHS
Sulfopon O
TC-EHS
11099-08-4
37349-48-7
75037-31-9
08-unioncarbide
sulfirol8
Sulfuricacid,mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester,sodiumsalt
tergemist
tergimist
tergitolanionic08
SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE
TERGITOL-8
(+/-)-SODIUM ETHASULFATE
HEXANOL, 2-ETHYL-, HYDROGEN SULFATE, SODIUM SALT
MONO(2-ETHYLHEXYL) SULFATE SODIUM SALT
NSC-4744
RHODAPON OLS
SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE
SODIUM ETASULFATE
SODIUM ETASULFATE [INN]
SODIUM ETASULFATE [WHO-DD]
SODIUM ETHASULFATE
SODIUM ETHASULFATE [HSDB]
SODIUM ETHASULFATE [USAN]
SODIUM ETHASULFATE, (+/-)-
SODIUM ETHASULPHATE
SODIUM ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE
SODIUM ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE [INCI]
SULFURIC ACID, MONO(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER, SODIUM SALT
SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE
126-92-1
Sodium ethasulfate
Sodium etasulfate
Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
Sodium Ethasulfate [USAN]
Pentrone ON
Ethasulfate sodium
Sulfirol 8
Rhodapon ols
08-Union carbide
Tergitol 08
Tergitol anionic 08
Propaste 6708
Sodium ethasulphate
Sole Tege TS-25
Sodium (2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
Tergemist
Emcol D 5-10
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate
Sodium etasulfate [INN]
Sodium Ethylhexyl Sulfate
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate sodium salt
Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
sodium;2-ethylhexyl sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate
NCI-C50204
Sodium(2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
DTXSID1026033
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
NSC-4744
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, sulfate, sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol hydrogen sulfate sodium salt
Sodium etasulfate (INN)
Sipex bos
12838560LI
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
Sodium ethasulfate (USAN)
DTXCID706033
NIA proof 08
Emersal 6465
Natrii etasulfas
Sodium octyl sulfate, iso
2-Ethylhexylsulfate sodium
Etasulfato sodico
CAS-126-92-1
Etasulfate de sodium
CCRIS 2461
HSDB 1314
2-Ethylhexylsiran sodny
Sodium mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate
NCGC00164327-02
NSC 4744
EINECS 204-812-8
Mono(2-ethylhexyl)sulfate sodium salt
sodium etasul-fate
UNII-12838560LI
Sodiumisooctylsulfate
MFCD00042047
EC 204-812-8
SCHEMBL57666
SODIUM2-ETHYLHEXYLSULFATE
CHEMBL2107701
SODIUM ETHASULFATE [HSDB]
(+/-)-SODIUM ETHASULFATE
SODIUM ETASULFATE [WHO-DD]
Tox21_112098
Tox21_303207
AKOS015833419
SODIUM ETHASULFATE, (+/-)-
HY-W130648
SODIUM ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE [INCI]
NCGC00164327-01
NCGC00257129-01
CS-0196653
FT-0603333
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, ~50% in H2O
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, Type 8, ~40%
D05858
F71244
J-005450
J-524267
Q27251390
Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt (1:1)
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate
Mono (2-ethylhexyl) sulfate sodium salt
Sodium etasulfate Sodium (2-ethylhexyl) alcohol sulfate
Sulfuric acid, mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester sodium salt
1-Hexanol,2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt (6CI,7CI)
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium salt
Carsonol SHS
Ethasulfate sodium
Lutensit TC-EHS
NAS 08
NSC 4744
Niaproof 08
Pentrone ON
Pionin A 20
Rhodapon BOS
Sinolin SO 35
Sintrex EHR
Sodium ethasulfate
Sodium octyl sulfate
Sole Tege TS 25
Stepanol EHS
Sulfotex CA
Sulfotex OA
Tergemist
Tergitol 08
Texapon 890
niaproof type 8
sodium etasulfate
sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulphate
2-Ethylhexylsulfate Sodium salt
TC-EHS
2-ethylhexylsulphate,sodium salt
08-unioncarbide
1-hexanol,2-ethyl-,hydrogensulfate,sodiumsalt
2-ethyl-1-hexanolhydrogensulfatesodiumsalt
2-ethyl-1-hexanolsodiumsulfate
2-ethyl-1-hexanolsulfatesodiumsalt
2-ethylhexylsiransodny
2-ethylhexylsodiumsulfate
2-ethylhexylsulfatesodium
2-ethylhexylsulfuricacid,sodium
2-ethylhexylsulfuricacid,sodiumsalt emcold5-10
emersal6465
mono(2-ethylhexyl sulfatesodiumsalt
nci-c50204
niaproof08
pentroneon
propaste6708
sipexbos
2-ethylhexyl sulfate
2-Ethylhexylsulphate, sodium salt
Sodium ethasulfate
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
Sulfuric acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, sodium salt (1:1)
126-92-1
Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt
Sodium (2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
EINECS 204-812-8
Emcol D 5-10
Emersal 6465
Ethasulfate sodium
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate
2-Ethylhexylsulfate sodium
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, sulfate, sodium salt
Mono(2-ethylhexyl)sulfate sodium salt
NCI-C50204
NIA proof 08
NSC 4744
Pentrone ON
Propaste 6708
Sipex bos
Sodium mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate
Sodium octyl sulfate, iso
Sodium(2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate
Sole Tege TS-25
Tergitol 08
Tergitol anionic 08
08-Union carbide
2-Ethylhexylsiran sodny
Etasulfate de sodium
Etasulfato sodico
Natrii etasulfas
UNII-12838560LI
11099-08-4
75037-31-9
2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium salt
2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol Sodium Sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-Hexanol Sulfate Sodium Salt
Sodium(2-Ethylhexyl)Alcohol Sulfate
Sulfuric Acid, Mono(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester, Sodium Salt
Sodium ethylhexyl sulfate
niaproof type 8
sodium etasulfate
sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulphate
2-Ethylhexylsulfate Sodium salt
TC-EHS
2-ethylhexylsulphate,sodium salt
08-unioncarbide
1-hexanol,2-ethyl-,hydrogensulfate,sodiumsalt
2-ethyl-1-hexanolhydrogensulfatesodiumsalt
2-ethyl-1-hexanolsodiumsulfate
2-ethyl-1-hexanolsulfatesodiumsalt
2-ethylhexylsiransodny
2-ethylhexylsodiumsulfate
2-ethylhexylsulfatesodium
2-ethylhexylsulfuricacid,sodium
2-ethylhexylsulfuricacid,sodiumsalt emcold5-10
emersal6465
mono(2-ethylhexyl sulfatesodiumsalt
nci-c50204
niaproof08
pentroneon
propaste6708
sipexbos
2-ethylhexyl sulfate
2-Ethylhexylsulphate, sodium salt

Chemical name Sodium Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate 35285-68-8Sodium Ethylparaben Sodium Ethyl paraben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Nipagin A Sodium is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Nipagin A Sodium is effective against bacteria, molds and yeast. EC / List no.: 252-487-6 CAS no.: 35285-68-8 Mol. formula: C9H9NaO3 Sodium Ethyl P-hydroxybenzoate Odor: characteristic Use: Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate is widely used in food and pharmaceutical and textile industry for its antiseptic property. Sodium Ethylparaben is also can be used in industries such as cosmetics, feed and so on. Synonyms: benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodium salt benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodium deriv. ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt ethylparaben sodium ethylparaben, sodium salt 4- hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl ester, sodium salt sodium 4-ethoxycarbonyl phenoxide sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxide sodium ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate sodium ethyl paraben sodium;4-ethoxycarbonylphenolate Synonym: Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium salt, p-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt, Ethylparaben sodium salt Sodium Ethyl paraben is a Sodium salt of ethylparaben Sodium Ethylparaben uses and applications include: Antimicrobial, preservative, bactericide, fungicide for foods, beer, pharmaceuticals; preservative in cosmetics Sodium Ethylparaben is a water-soluble antiseptic mainly used as a safe, high efficiency, broad-spectrum antibiotic for cosmetics. Sodium Ethyl paraben is in the paraben family of preservatives used by the food, pharmaceutical, and personal care product industries. INCI designation Sodium Ethylparaben. Product properties *) Appearance: White powder Chemical and physical data pH 9.5- 10.5 Water content: max. 5.0 % Assay by non aqueous titration: 99 - 102 % Uses: Sodium Ethyl paraben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Sodium Ethyl paraben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Sodium Ethylparaben is effective against bacteria, molds and yeast. The recommended use level of Nipagin A Sodium to preserve most product types is normally in the range of 0.1- 0.3 % based on the total weight of the finished product. The Paraben esters have many advantages as preservatives,like broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, effective at low use concentrations, compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, colourless, odourless, well documented toxicological and dermatological acceptability based on human experience (used in cosmetics, food and pharmaceuticals since 1930ies), p-Hydroxybenzoic Acid and a number of its esters occur naturally in a variety of plants and animals, stable and effective over a wide pH- range, etc. The Sodium Parabens, like Sodium Ethylparaben have several additional advantages: - Nipagin A Sodium is highly soluble in cold water for ease of addition. - No heating stage required for incorporation, thus saving energy and plant occupancy. - Increased antimicrobial activity at alkaline pH. Applications: Sodium Ethylparaben is designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. Sodium Ethylparaben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Formulations which are prone to bacteria contamination an additional antibacterial preservative, like Nipaguard DMDMH might be necessary to add as Sodium Ethylparaben provides a higher efficacy against fungi than against bacteria. Solubility Water up to 50 % Sodium Ethylparaben SINGLE PRESERVATIVE Sodium Ethylparaben is a highly water-soluble short-chain paraben in sodium salt form. The major benefit offered by the sodium salts is their high solubility in cold water, thereby enabling the introduction of parabens without heating or pre-dissolving in solvents. Benefits Sodium Ethylparaben has high solubility in cold water Sodium Ethylparaben performs broad spectrum of activity against bacteria and fungi Sodium Ethylparaben shows effectiveness at low concentrations Sodium Ethylparaben has stability over a broad pH-range Water-soluble Biodegradability at environmental concentrations Global acceptance in personal care applications Ethylparaben Sodium, also known as Ethyl paraben or Ethyl parahydroxybenzoate, can be used as a food additive and as an antifungal preservative Incorporation: Sodium Ethylparaben is highly soluble in water and so easily incorporated into cosmetic formulations. It is important to note that, whilst the aqueous solubility in alkaline solution is high, if the pH of the formulated product is acidic the sodium salt reverts to the ester and the low solubility is regained. Microbial activity: Sodium Ethylparaben has a broad spectrum of activity which includes the following common spoilage organisms. Microorganisms MIC level (%) Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa 0.113 Escherichia coli 0.056 Klebsiella pneumoniae 0.056 Serratia marcescens 0.056 Proteus vulgaris 0.068 Salmonella enteritidis 0.046 Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus 0.079 Streptococcus haemolyticus 0.068 Bacillus cereus 0.028 Yeasts Candida albicans 0.079 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.056 Molds Aspergillus niger 0.045 Technical Data Appearance :Powder Active Substance (ca.): 100% INCI-Name: Sodium Ethylparaben Applications Aqueous concentrates may be prepared up to 40% in strength. The concentrate may then be added to the process, preferably slowly and with rapid mixing. Due to the high pH of aqueous solutions of sodium parabens, the pH of the final product requires adjustment. The aqueous solution should be used within a short time of preparation as prolonged storage will result in alkaline hydrolysis of the esters. It is important to note that, at the target pH of the formulation, the parabens will exist as the free esters and not as salts and, therefore, the solubility will also be that of the free esters. Use of the sodium salts will facilitate introduction of the parabens; it will not allow higher concentrations to be used compared with the free esters. pH stability: Sodium Ethylparaben remains fully stable over a wide pH range from 3.0- 11.0. Aqueous solutions of Nipagin A Sodium are not long- term stable at alkaline pH. Temperature stability The recommended maximum handling temperature is 80°C. Storage instructions Sodium Ethylparaben is stable in sealed original containers. Further information on handling, storage and dispatch is given in the EC safety data sheet. Sodium Ethylparaben is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. It is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. This product is highly soluble in cold water, which adds to its ease of addition to formulations. Sodium Ethylparaben. Sodium Ethyl paraben provides a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria & fungi. Sodium Ethyl paraben is a short-chain paraben in sodium salt form. Sodium Ethylparaben offers high solubility in cold water, low order of toxicity and stability over a broad pH-range. Sodium Ethylparaben exhibits effectiveness at low concentrations. Sodium Ethylparaben shows good biodegradability at environmental concentrations. Sodium Ethylparaben is used in all kinds of personal care products. Parabene Product description Parabens - esters of the para-hydroxybenzoic acid, are used as preservatives for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics as well as food applications due to their effective antibacterial and fungicidal properties. The grades comply to different pharmaceutical standards as EP, BP or USP. More products available upon request. INCI CAS Methyl Paraben 99-76-3 Sodium Methyl Paraben 5026-62-0 Propyl Paraben 94-13-3 Sodium Propyl Paraben 35285-69-9 Ethyl Paraben 120-47-8 Sodium Ethyl Paraben 35285-68-8 Butyl Paraben 94-26-8 Preservative for the cosmetic industry. Sodium Ethyl p-Hydroxybenzoate, designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. Sodium Ethyl Paraben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Formulations which are prone to bacteria contamination an additional antibacterial preservative might be necessary to add as it provides a higher efficacy against fungi than against bacteria. Sodium Ethyl Paraben is broad spectrum antimicrobial agent designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics, toiletries pharmaceuticals. Sodium Ethyl Paraben is suitable to preserve both rinse- off and leave- on formulations. Sodium Ethyl Paraben is effective against bacteria, molds and yeast. Sodium Ethyl Paraben's usage level to preserve most product types is normally in the range of 0.1- 0.3 % based on the total weight of the finished product. Sodium Ethyl Paraben is soluble in cold water for ease; No heating stage required for incorporation, thus saving energy and plant occupancy; Increased antimicrobial activity at alkaline pH.pH stability; remains fully stable over a wide pH range from 3.0- 11.0. Aqueous solutions are not long- term stable at alkaline pH.max. temperature 80°C. This substance is one of the parabens family. Parabens are esters formed by p-hydroxybenzoic acid and an alcohol. They are largely used as biocides in cosmetics and toiletries, medicaments, or food. They have synergistic power with biocides. Parabens can induce allergic contact dermatitis, mainly in chronic dermatitis and wounded skin. • p-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt • SODIUM ETHYL-P-HYDROXYBENZOATE • SODIUM ETHYL 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE • sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxide • benzoicacid,4-hydroxy-,ethylester,sodiumsalt • Benzoicacid,p-hydroxy-,ethylester,sodiumderiv. • ETHYL-P-HYDROXYBENZOATE SODIUM SALT • ETHYL-4-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID SODIUM SALT • ETHYL 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE SODIUM SALT • 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt • SODIUM ETHYLPARABEN • EthylParabenSodium • ETHYL4-HYDROBENZOATESODIUMSALT • BENZOICACID,PARA-HYDROXY-,ETHYLESTER,SODIUMSALT • 4-(Sodiooxy)benzoic acid ethyl ester • 4-Sodiooxybenzoic acid ethyl ester • p-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt,sodium salt • Sodium 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenolate • Benzoic acid,4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodiuM salt (1:1) • Sodium Ethyl-p-hydroxyl Benzoate • 35285-68-8 • Sodium 4-(ethoxycarbonyl) • p-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt fandachem • odium 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenolate • 35285-68-8 • C9H9O3Na • Benzoic acid Series • Aromatic Esters Ethyl Paraben Sodium - Names and Identifiers Name p-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt,sodium salt Synonyms p-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt SODIUM ETHYL-P-HYDROXYBENZOATE SODIUM ETHYL 4-HYDROXYBENZOATE sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxide benzoicacid,4-hydroxy-,ethylester,sodiumsalt Benzoicacid,p-hydroxy-,ethylester,sodiumderiv. ETHYL-P-HYDROXYBENZOATE SODIUM SALT ETHYL-4-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID SODIUM SALT sodium salt Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate,sodium salt Sodium Ethylparaben Ethyl Paraben Sodium sodium 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenolate benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodium salt (1:1) Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate sodium Parabens are a family of related ingredients commonly used as preservatives in cosmetics and personal care products. They help prevent the growth of harmful bacteria and mold, protecting both products and consumers. Parabens are highly effective and widely used preservatives that enhance the shelf life and safety of products including all types of cosmetics, as well as foods and drugs, and protect the families who trust and enjoy them. The most commonly used parabens in cosmetics are methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben. Paraben preservatives all share para-hydroxybenzoic acid, or PHBA, as a common chemical structure. PHBA occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables. The parabens used in cosmetics are identical to those found in nature, and are quickly eliminated by the body. Any product that contains water is susceptible to being spoiled by the growth of fungi or bacteria, which could cause problems such as discoloration, malodor, or breakdown of the product. Under certain conditions, an inadequately preserved product can become contaminated, allowing harmful levels of microorganisms to grow. Parabens are highly effective preservatives that protect products against such changes, thus enhancing the shelf life and safety of products, and have been used safely for decades. Ethylparaben, also known as e-214 or aseptin a, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as p-hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters. These are aromatic compounds containing a benzoic acid, which is esterified with an alkyl group and para-substituted with a hydroxyl group. It is used as an antifungal preservative. Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate, the sodium salt of ethylparaben, has the same uses and is given the E number E215. Ethylparaben is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). Its formula is HO-C6H4-CO-O-CH2CH3. Ethylparaben is a mild and phenolic tasting compound. Outside of the human body, ethylparaben has been detected, but not quantified in, alcoholic beverages. This could make ethylparaben a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Ethylparaben (ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate) is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Ethylparaben is a potentially toxic compound. As a food additive, it has E number E214. This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as guaranteeing specific properties of the products described on their suitability for a particular application. Any existing industrial property rights must be observed. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our General Conditions of Sale.

Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate; 2-Ethylhexylsulfate, sodium salt; ALKOHOLSULFAT, NA-SALZ I-C8; Sodium (2-ethylhexyl) alcohol sulfate; sodium (2-ethylhexyl) sulfate; Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate; SODIUM ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE, N° CAS : 126-92-1, Nom INCI : SODIUM ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE. Nom chimique : Sodium etasulfate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-812-8. Classification : Sulfate Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Hydrotrope : Augmente la solubilité d'une substance qui est peu soluble dans l'eau. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation. Noms français : Ethalsulfate de sodium; ETHALSULFATE SODIQUE; ETHASULFATE SODIUM; ETHYL-2 HEXYLSULFATE DE SODIUM. Noms anglais : 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL SODIUM SULFATE ; 2-ETHYLHEXYL SODIUM SULFATE; SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE; SODIUM ETASULFATE; SODIUM ETHASULFATE; SULFURIC ACID, MONO(2-ETHYLHEXYL) ESTER, SODIUM SALT; Sodium etasulfate. CAS names: Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt (1:1). : 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen sulfate; 2-ethylhexyl hydrogen sulfate; sodium; 2-Ethylhexylsulfate, sodium salt; ALKOHOLSULFAT, NA-SALZ I-C8; Sodium (2-ethylhexyl) alcohol sulfate; sodium (2-ethylhexyl) sulfate; Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate; sodium etasulphate; sodium ethasulfate; Sodium-2-ethylhexyl sulphate; Sodium-2-ethylhexylsulphate; sodium;2-ethylhexyl sulfate; Sulfuric acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester,sodium salt; 126-92-1 [RN]; 12838560LI 1487; 204-812-8 [EINECS]; 2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium salt; 5177087; étasulfate de sodium ; etasulfato de sodio [Spanish] ; MFCD00042047 [MDL number]; MP0700000; natrii etasulfas [Latin] ; Natrium-2-ethylhexylsulfat [German] ; Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate; sodium etasulfate; sodium ethasulfate; Sulfate de sodium et de 2-éthylhexyle [French] ; sulfuric acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, sodium salt; Sulfuric acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, sodium salt (1:1); tergemist; UNII:12838560LI; натрия этасульфат [Russian] ; إيتاسولفات صوديوم [Arabic]; 依他硫酸钠 [Chinese]; 11099-08-4 secondary RN [RN] ; 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt; 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, sulfate, sodium salt; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol hydrogen sulfate sodium salt; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt; 2-ethylhexyl hydroxysulfonate, sodium salt; 2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate; 2-Ethylhexylsiran sodny [Czech]; 2-Ethylhexylsulfate sodium; 2-Ethylhexylsulphate,sodium salt 75037-31-9 secondary RN [RN]; ammonium 2-ethylhexyl sulphate; Avirol SA 4106; Carsonol SHS; emcol d 5-10; emersal 6465; Etasulfate de sodium [French]; Etasulfato sodico [Spanish] ; Ethasulfate sodium; Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt; Lugalvan TC-EHS; Lutensit TC-EHS; Mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate sodium salt; mono(2-ethylhexyl)sulfate sodium salt ; Newcol 1000SN; nia proof 08; Niaproof ; Niaproof 08; Nissan Sintrex EHR; pentrone on; propaste 6708; Rewopol NEHS 40; Rhodapon BOS; Sinolin SO 35; Sintrex EHR; sipex bos ;Sodium (2-Ethylhexyl)Alcohol Sulfate; sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulphate; Sodium Ethylhexyl Sulfate; Sodium mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate; Sodium octyl sulfate, iso-; Sodium(2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate ; sodium; sulfuric acid 2-ethylhexyl ester; sodium-2-ethylhexyl sulfate; sodium2-ethylhexylsulfate; sodiumisooctylsulfate; Sole Tege TS 25; Sulfuric Acid Mono(2-ethylhexyl) Ester Sodium Salt ; Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt; Supralate SP; Tergimist; tergitol 08; Tergitol anionic 08; Tergitol-8; Tergitol-8|Niaproof-8|Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate; Texapon 842; Texapon 890; Witcolate D 5-10. Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate is a low-foaming anionic surfactant with excellent wetting properties and outstanding stability in highly electrolyte, alkaline and acidic systems. It is a profound hydrotropic and wetting agent suitable for use in the production of liquid detergents for household and industrial use such as hard-surface cleaners and alkaline and acid metal degreasers. Owing to its wetting and penetrating properties Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate is used as a mercerizing agent in textile industry, in metal galvanization, pickling and brightening, in lye washing and peeling solutions for fruits and vegetables, in fountain solutions for offset printing, wallpaper removal solutions etc. Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate uses and applications include: Wetting agent for electroplating baths, alkaline textile processing aids, industrial cleaners; coemulsifier for polymerization; viscous control in adhesives; food packaging adhesives; in paperpaperboard in contact with aqueousfatty foods; surfactant, detergent, wetting agent, emulsifier, penetrant, stabilizer for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, household and industrial cleaners, metal cleaning, paints, plastics, rubber, food packaging and processing, adhesives; washinglye peeling of fruits and vegetables. product carries excellent wetting, spreading and hydrotropic proterties. This material can tolorate alkanline condition. Sodium Ethylhexyl Sulfate is mainly applied as wetting agent in alkaline solutions such as in the textile industry. Sodium Ethylhexyl Sulfate can also be added to the aerosol fulmulated product as the spreading agent. Also the material can be used as the hydrotropic agent.

cas no 120-47-87 Ethyl 4-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium ethylp-hydroxybenzoate; Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate;

Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate; SODIUM ETHYLPARABEN, N° CAS : 35285-68-8. Nom INCI : SODIUM ETHYLPARABEN. Nom chimique : Sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxide; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 252-487-6; Classification : Paraben, Perturbateur endocrinien suspecté, Règlementé, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl ester, sodium salt; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodium salt; Benzoic acid, p-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodium deriv.; Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt ; Ethylparaben sodium; Ethylparaben, sodium salt; Sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxide; Sodium ethylparaben. CAS names : Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodium salt (1:1); : Ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoat, Natriumsalz; Ethyl-4-hydroxybenzoat, sodium salt; p-Hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt; sodium 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-olate; sodium 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenolate; sodium;4-ethoxycarbonylphenolate; Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate; 252-487-6 [EINECS]; 35285-68-8 [RN]; 4-(Éthoxycarbonyl)phénolate de sodium [French] ; Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodium salt (1:1) ; E215; ETHYLPARABEN SODIUM; Natrium-4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenolat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; p-hydroxybenzoic acid ethyl ester sodium salt; Sodium 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenolate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Sodium ethylparaben Z0D00IVA10 [35285-68-8] 4-ethoxycarbonylphenolate 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, ethyl ester, sodium salt 5026-62-0 [RN] Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester, sodium salt Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester, sodium salt BENZOIC ACID, p-HYDROXY-, ETHYL ESTER, SODIUM DERIV. BENZOIC ACID, p-HYDROXY-, METHYL ESTER, SODIUM DERIV. Bonomold OMNa EINECS 225-714-1 EINECS 252-487-6 Ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, sodium salt ETHYL4-HYDROXYBENZOATESODIUMSALT Ethylparaben sodium salt Ethylparaben, sodium salt Methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate sodium salt METHYL P-HYDROXYBENZOATE, SODIUM SALT Methylparaben sodium [NF] Methylparaben sodium (NF) Methylparaben sodium [USAN] [USAN] methylparaben, sodium salt MFCD00016475 [MDL number] NIPASEPT SODIUM Preserval MS Sodium [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki] sodium 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)benzen-1-olate SODIUM 4-(ETHOXYCARBONYL)BENZENOLATE Sodium 4-(methoxycarbonyl)phenolate [ACD/IUPAC Name] sodium 4-carbethoxyphenolate sodium 4-carbomethoxyphenolate sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenolate Sodium 4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxide sodium 4-methoxycarbonylphenolate sodium and 4-ethoxycarbonylphenolate SODIUM ETHYL PARABEN Sodium Ethyl Parahydroxybenzoate Sodium ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, tech. Sodium methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate Sodium methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Sodium methylparaben Sodium p-methoxycarbonylphenoxide Sodium, (p-carboxyphenoxy)-, methyl ester (7CI) sodium;4-ethoxycarbonylphenolate Solparol ST5405340 UNII:Z0D00IVA10 UNII-F57SQP06GK UNII-Z0D00IVA10

Sodium fluoride, NaF, is a binary salt that is a clear, lustrous crystal or white powder.
The insecticide grade is frequently dyed blue.
Sodium fluoride is soluble in water and has a specific gravity of 2.558, which is heavier than water.

CAS: 7681-49-4
MF: FNa
MW: 41.99
EINECS: 231-667-8

Sodium fluoride is highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, and is also strongly irritating to tissue.
The TLV is 2.5 mg/m3 of air.
The four-digit UN identification number is 1690.
The primary uses are fluoridation of municipal water at 1 ppm, as an insecticide, rodenticide, and fungicide, and in toothpastes and disinfectants.
Sodium fluoride is an inorganic compound with the formula NaF.
Sodium fluoride is a colorless or white solid that is readily soluble in water.
Sodium fluoride is used in trace amounts in the fluoridation of drinking water to prevent tooth decay, and in toothpastes and topical pharmaceuticals for the same purpose.
In 2020, Sodium fluoride was the 265th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 1 million prescriptions.
Sodium fluoride is also used in metallurgy and in medical imaging.

Sodium fluoride is a colorless crystalline solid or white powder, or the solid dissolved in a liquid.
Sodium fluoride is formed by the reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrofluoric acid.
Sodium fluoride is soluble in water.
Sodium fluoride is noncombustible.
Sodium fluoride is corrosive to aluminum.
Sodium fluoride is used as an insecticide.
Sodium fluoride is also used to fluorinate water supplies, as a wood preservative, in cleaning compounds, manufacture of glass, and for many other uses.

Chemical structure
Sodium fluoride is an inorganic ionic compound, dissolving in water to give separated Na+ and F− ions.
Like sodium chloride, it crystallizes in a cubic motif where both Na+ and F− occupy octahedral coordination sites; its lattice spacing, approximately 462 pm, is smaller than that of sodium chloride (564 pm).

Sodium fluoride Chemical Properties
Melting point: 993 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1700 °C
Density: 1.02 g/mL at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: 1.4 mm Hg ( 0 °C)
Refractive index: 1.336
Fp: 1704°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility H2O: 0.5 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: powder
Color: White to off-white
Specific Gravity: 2.558
PH: 7.0-10.0 (25℃, 0.5M in H2O)
Odor: Odorless
Water Solubility: 4 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8618
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 2.5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 250 mg/m3; TWA 2.5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Hydrolyzed by water. Reacts with mineral acids to generate highly toxic hydrogen fluoride.
Incompatible with glass.
CAS DataBase Reference: 7681-49-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sodium fluoride(7681-49-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium fluoride (7681-49-4)

Sodium fluoride is colorless crystals or shiny white powder, belongs to tetragonal system, is positive hexahedral or octahedral crystals.
Sodium fluoride is slightly soluble in alcohol, soluble in water.
Aqueous solution is acidic.
Sodium fluoride dissolves in hydrofluoric acid to form sodium hydrogen fluoride.
White or almost white powder or colourless crystals.
Sodium fluoride is a white powder or colorless crystals.
Often used in a solution.
Pesticide grade is often dyed blue.

Physical properties
Colorless cubic or tetragonal crystals; density 2.78 g/cm3; melts at 993°C; vaporizes at 1,695°C; moderately soluble in water 4.22 g/100mL at 18°C; soluble in hydrofluoric acid; insoluble in ethanol.

Uses
Fluoride salts are often added to municipal drinking water (as well as to certain food products in some countries) for the purpose of maintaining dental health.
The fluoride enhances the strength of teeth by the formation of fluorapatite, a naturally occurring component of tooth enamel.
Although sodium fluoride is used to fluoridate water and is the standard by which other water-fluoridation compounds are gauged, hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) and its salt sodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2SiF6) are more commonly used additives in the United States.

Sodium fluoride, formed by reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrofluoric acid, and then evaporating.
Used (1) as an antiseptic and antifermentative in alcohol distilleries,
(2) as a food preservative,
(3) as a poison for rats and roaches,
(4) as a constituent of ceramic enamels and fluxes; sodium hydrogen fluoride, sodium difluoride, sodium acid fluoride, NaHF2, white solid, soluble, formed by reaction of sodium carbonate and excess hydrofluoric acid, and then evaporating.
Used (1) as an antiseptic,
(2) for etching glass,
(3) as a food preservative,
(4) for preserving zoological specimens.

Sodium fluoride (NaF), in the concentration of one ppm, is added to municipal drinking water to help reduce tooth decay.
Sodium fluoride is also used as an insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide, as well as in the manufacture of adhesives, disinfectants, and dental products.
As insecticide, particularly for roaches and ants; in other pesticide formulations; constituent of vitreous enamel and glass mixes; as a steel degassing agent; in electroplating; in fluxes; in heat-treating salt compositions; in the fluoridation of drinking water; for disinfecting fermentation apparatus in breweries and distilleries; preserving wood, pastes and mucilage; manufacture of coated paper; frosting glass; in removal of HF from exhaust gases to reduce air pollution.
Dental caries prophylactic.

1.Sodium fluoride is mainly used as Inlaid steel for mechanical blade and planer to enhance weld strength.
Secondly, Sodium fluoride is used as wood preservatives, fungicides in brewing industry, agricultural pesticides (should be infected with blue), medical preservatives, welding flux, fluorine agent for drinking water.
Also used for producing other fluoride and casein glue, sodium fluoride toothpaste, as adhesives, also used in paper and metallurgical industries.
In the production of elemental fluorine, Sodium fluoride is used for removing trace amounts of hydrogen fluoride.
In addition, Sodium fluoride is also used in enamels and pharmaceutical industries.

2.Sodium fluoride is used as disinfectants, preservatives, pesticides, also used in enamel, wood preservation, medicine, metallurgy, manufacturing of fluorides and so on.
3.Used for determination of scandium in microanalysis, determination of phosphorus in photoelectric colorimetric analysis, used as reagent, the masking agents, preservatives of iron and steel.
4.As food supplements.
According to Chinese regulations for salt, the maximum usage is 0.1g/kg.
5.Sodium fluoride is used as wood preservatives, pharmaceutical preservative, welding flux and used in paper industry, this company's products are specific level toothpastes, can also be used as purifying agent for drinking water, and used for hides and skin processing in tanning industry, for smelting and refining of light metal, and protection layer of light metal, for adhesive corrosion, and manufacturing boiling steel.

6.Sodium fluoride is used as the Phosphate accelerator in coating industry, makes phosphating solution stability, phosphate refinement, improves the performance of phosphate coating. Aluminum and its alloys phosphate can close negative catalytic Al3 + of great danger, and make phosphating smoothly.
Sodium fluoride is used as wood preservatives, agricultural pesticides, fungicides in brewing industry, pharmaceutical preservative, welding flux, alkaline zincate zinc additives and enamel, paper and so on.

Osteoporosis
Fluoride supplementation has been extensively studied for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
This supplementation does not appear to be effective; even though sodium fluoride increases bone density, Sodium fluoride does not decrease the risk of fractures.

Medical imaging
In medical imaging, fluorine-18-labelled sodium fluoride (USP, sodium fluoride F18) is one of the oldest tracers used in positron emission tomography (PET), having been in use since the 1960s.
Relative to conventional bone scintigraphy carried out with gamma cameras or SPECT systems, PET offers more sensitivity and spatial resolution.
Fluorine-18 has a half-life of 110 min, which requires Sodium fluoride to be used promptly once produced; this logistical limitation hampered its adoption in the face of the more convenient technetium-99m-labelled radiopharmaceuticals.
However fluorine-18 is generally considered to be a superior radiopharmaceutical for skeletal imaging.
In particular Sodium fluoride has a high and rapid bone uptake accompanied by very rapid blood clearance, which results in a high bone-to-background ratio in a short time.
Additionally the annihilation photons produced by decay of 18F have a high energy of 511 keV compared to the 140 keV photons of 99mTc.

Chemistry
Sodium fluoride has a variety of specialty chemical applications in synthesis and extractive metallurgy.
Sodium fluoride reacts with electrophilic chlorides including acyl chlorides, sulfur chlorides, and phosphorus chloride.
Like other fluorides, sodium fluoride finds use in desilylation in organic synthesis.
Sodium fluoride can be used to produce fluorocarbons via the Finkelstein reaction; this process has the advantage of being simple to perform on a small scale but is rarely used on an industrial scale due to the existence of more effective techniques.

Biology
Sodium fluoride is sometimes added at relatively high concentrations (~20 mM) to protein lysis buffers in order to inhibit endogenous phosphatases and thereby protect phosphorylated protein sites.
Sodium pyrophosphate and Sodium orthovanadate are also used for this purpose.

Other uses
Sodium fluoride is used as a cleaning agent (e.g., as a "laundry sour").
Sodium fluoride can be used in a nuclear molten salt reactor.
Over a century ago, Nsodium fluoride was used as a stomach poison for plant-feeding insects.
Inorganic fluorides such as fluorosilicates and sodium fluoride complex magnesium ions as magnesium fluorophosphate.
They inhibit enzymes such as enolase that require Mg2+ as a prosthetic group.
Thus, fluoride poisoning prevents phosphate transfer in oxidative metabolism.

Clinical Use
Sodium fluoride (NaF) promotes the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts and is classified as a nonhormonal bone-forming agent.
Because treatment with NaF induces bone formation, it is essential that this therapy be coupled with oral calcium supplementation (1,000 mg/day).
Additionally, NaF exhibits moderate antiresorptive activity, because it inhibits osteoclastic activity when Sodium fluoride is absorbed into the bone matrix.
In the treatment of osteoporosis, the therapeutic window for this agent is fairly narrow: Doses less than 45 mg/day are subtherapeutic, and doses in excess of 75 mg/day impair bone mineralization.
In addition, the bone that is formed in the presence of NaF is neither as well mineralized nor as strong as normal bone tissue.

Industrial uses
Sodium fluoride is a white to yellowish powder, poorly soluble in water.
The NaF solubility in water is 3.85% at 15 °C and 4.21% at 25 °C.
Commercially, NaF is obtained by reacting hydrofluoric acid with sodium hydroxide.
This reaction is a by-product during the production of superphosphates from fluoro-apatite.
Sodium fluoride is an important depressant used exclusively during beneficiation of non-sulfide minerals, as well as the rare-earth minerals as a depressant alone or in combination with other depressants.
Sodium fluoride is used together with starch as co-depressant for rutile and ilmenite during zirconium– titanium separation or during reverse silicate flotation from rutile and ilmenite with cationic collectors.
Although Sodium fluoride is believed that Na2F is a silicate depressant, studies have shown that it does not depress silicate minerals.
In fact, Sodium fluoride improves depression of oxides and silicates when used with other depressants.

Application in toothpaste
Sodium fluoride was added to toothpaste which can play against dental caries, since enamel interacts with fluoride to form fluorapatite on the enamel surface, which improves the hardness and acid resistance of enamel, and reduces formation of plaque, reduces the incidence of dental caries.
Fluoride toothpaste does have some anti-caries effects.
As early as the mid-19th century, pregnant women took orally calcium fluoride for anti-caries in Europe.
In the 20th century, fluoride is recognized worldwide as an effective anti-caries agent.
Usually in fluoride toothpaste, the content of sodium fluoride is 0.22-0.33%, the content of sodium monofluorophosphate is 0.76%.

Although small amount, Sodium fluoride has a good protective effect on people's teeth, can reduce the caries prevalence rate of 28%.
According to different content of fluoride in toothpaste, fluoride toothpaste is divided into the following categories: sodium fluoride toothpaste, monofluorophosphate toothpaste, stannous fluoride toothpaste, amine fluoride toothpaste and so on.
Currently the most common fluoride toothpaste on the market are sodium fluoride toothpaste and monofluorophosphate dentifrice, or double fluorine toothpaste containing both sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate.
Different types of fluoride toothpastes, and whether the toothpastes contain single fluorine or double fluorides, their effects of anti-caries are the same.

Production
NaF is prepared by neutralizing hydrofluoric acid or hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6), both byproducts of the reaction of fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) from phosphate rock during the production of superphosphate fertilizer.
Neutralizing agents include sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
Alcohols are sometimes used to precipitate the NaF:

HF + NaOH → NaF + H2O
From solutions containing HF, sodium fluoride precipitates as the bifluoride salt sodium bifluoride (NaHF2).
Heating the latter releases HF and gives NaF.

HF + NaF ⇌ NaHF2
In a 1986 report, the annual worldwide consumption of NaF was estimated to be several million tonnes.

Production method
Melt immersion method
Calcine the fluorite, quartz sand and soda ash at high temperature (800~900 ℃), followed by water leaching, and then by evaporation, crystallization, drying to prepare products.
CaF2 + Na2CO3 + SiO2 → 2NaF + CaSi03 + C02 ↑

Neutralizational process
Sodium fluoride is derived from neutralization of soda ash or caustic soda with hydrofluoric acid,
2HF + Na2CO3 → 2NaF + H2O + CO2 ↑
Dissolve soda in the pot liquor, and then add 30% hydrofluoric acid to neutralize to a pH value of 8-9, until CO2 gas evolution, hydrofluoric acid often contains fluosilicate impurities, and after neutralization to generate sodium fluosilicate, heating for 1h at 90~95 ℃, sodium fluosilicate decomposes:
Na2SiF6 + 2Na2CO3 → 6NaF + SiO2 + 2C02 ↑
And during the process of neutralization, pH value is not less than 8, otherwise sodium fluoride is difficult to decompose by base, and neutralization solution is allowed to stand for 1h, serum is cooled and concentrated to precipitate sodium fluoride crystals and then separated by centrifugation, drying, crushing to obtain products.

Sodium fluosilicate method
As the byproduct of the wet process of phosphoric acid and phosphate fertilizer, fluosilicic acid may prepare 99.87% sodium fluoride by conventional methods.
The reaction lasts 160~180min at 84~95 ℃ and 0.15MPa conditions, with an excess of 5% to 8% alkaline solution (pH value 8-9) to prepare sodium fluoride.
Na2SiF6 + 2Na2Co3 → 6NaF + SiO2 + 2C02 ↑
After standing and clarification of neutralization solution, the supernatant was concentrated by evaporation, cooling crystallization, after separation, wash with hot water of 50~60 ℃, indirectly dry to obtain products.

Toxicity
Sodium fluoride is an acute toxicant.
Ingestion of large quantites (5 to 10g) can cause death in humans.
Smaller quantities can produce nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, stupor, and weakness.
Other symptoms are tremor, muscular weakness, and dyspnea. Mottling of teeth can occur from chronic exposure.

Biochem/physiol Actions
Sodium fluoride (NaF) prevents dental caries, by catalysing the diffusion of calcium and phosphate and remineralizes the lesions.
Fluoride affects spermatogenesis and capacitation process in the female reproductive tract.
Fluoride induces oxidative stress, DNA damage in ovary ultimately affects the development of oocytes.
Fluoride supplementation enhances bone mineral density.
18F-NaF is a radiotracer used in positron emission tomography (PET) to identify atherosclerotic lesions and other cardiac plaques.

Health Hazard
The acute toxicity of fluorides is generally moderate.
High exposures may cause irritation of the eyes and respiratory tract.
Ingestion of fluoride may cause a salty or soapy taste, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, shortness of breath, difficulty in speaking, thirst, weak pulse, disturbed color vision, muscular weakness, convulsions, loss of consciousness, and death.
In humans the approximate lethal dose of NaF by ingestion is 5 g.
Repeated inhalation of fluoride dust may cause excessive calcification of the bone and calcification of ligaments of the ribs, pelvis, and spinal column.
Repeated skin contact may cause a rash Fluorides have not been shown to be carcinogenic or to show reproductive or developmental toxicity in humans.
Ingestion may cause vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, collapse, thirst, disturbed color vision, acute toxic nephritis.

Synonyms
sodium fluoride
7681-49-4
Zymafluor
Fluoride, sodium
Florocid
Pediaflor
Pergantene
Ossin
Sodium fluoride (NaF)
Sodium flouride
duraphat
Fluonatril
Fluorident
Fluorigard
Antibulit
Floridine
Fluoraday
Fluorinse
Fluorol
Flursol
Karidium
Koreberon
Liquiflur
Ossalin
Xaridium
Flura
Luride
Roach salt
Flura Drops
Osteopor-F
T-Fluoride
Fungol B
Les-Cav
Sodium monofluoride
Sodium hydrofluoride
Chemifluor
Flozenges
Fluorineed
Fluoritab
Fluorocid
Flurcare
Flurexal
Gelution
Iradicav
Lemoflur
Pedident
Pennwhite
Studafluor
Villiaumite
Karigel
Nafeen
Nufluor
Predent
Rafluor
sodium;fluoride
Credo
Gleem
Fluorid sodny
Flux
Sodium fluorure
Rescue squad
Alcoa sodium fluoride
NaFpak
Cavi-trol
Flura-gel
Flura-loz
Kari-rinse
Na frinse
Natrium fluoride
Point two
Super-dent
Thera-flur
Neutra Care
Minute-Gel
Luride lozi-tabs
Phos-Flur
Stay-Flo
Fluor-O-kote
Luride SF
Luride-SF
Thera-flur-N
Lea-Cov
Fluorure de sodium
SO-Flo
Trisodium trifluoride
Dentalfluoro
Sodium fluoride (Na2F2)
Apoflux
Duofluorid
Ethedent
F1-Tabs
Zooby
Caswell No. 769
Sodium fluoride cyclic dimer
Natrum fluoratum
GEL II
Sodium fluoride [ISO]
Disodium difluoride
NCI-C55221
FDA 0101
fluoros
osteofluor
Fluorid sodny [Czech]
Sodium fluoride, solid (DOT)
CCRIS 1573
Fludent
Prevident 5000 Plus
CHEBI:28741
HSDB 1766
Natrii fluoridum
Sodium fluorure [French]
Fluor-A-day
EINECS 231-667-8
NAF
Fluorure de sodium [French]
NSC 77385
NSC-77385
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 075202
UNII-8ZYQ1474W7
Fluoride (as sodium)
AI3-01500
Sodium fluoride, solid
Fluorure de sodium [ISO-French]
Neutral Sodium Fluoride
8ZYQ1474W7
MFCD00003524
UN1690
CHEMBL1528
Sodium fluoride [USP:JAN]
Sodium fluoride [USAN:JAN]
Fluoride (as sodium fluoride)
DTXSID2020630
EC 231-667-8
NSC77385
F-Na
COLGATE TOTAL COMPONENT SODIUM FLUORIDE
SODIUM FLUORIDE COMPONENT OF COLGATE TOTAL
SODIUM FLUORIDE (MART.)
SODIUM FLUORIDE [MART.]
Sodium Fluorides
SODIUM FLUORIDE (EP MONOGRAPH)
SODIUM FLUORIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
SODIUM FLUORIDE (USP MONOGRAPH)
SODIUM FLUORIDE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Fluorides, Sodium
Dentiplus
Sodium fiuoride
Fluorigard Daily
c avi-trol
Fluor Ret
na fri nse
Point-Two
Fluorigard Weekly
NaFril Ret
Fluorinse (TN)
En-De-Kay
Pediaflor; Zymafluor
Sodium fluoride (ACN
SDF (CHRIS Code)
FMg3O11Si4.Na
Sodium fluoride (as F)
Fluoruro de sodio (naf)
D02IUD
D03NFF
Sodium Fluoride ACS Grade
WLN: NA F
F-Mg3-O11-Si4.Na
Sodium fluoride (JAN/USP)
s odium fluoride cyclic dimer
SODIUM FLUORIDE [MI]
DTXCID20630
SODIUM FLUORIDE [JAN]
SODIUM FLUORIDE [HSDB]
SODIUM FLUORIDE [INCI]
NATRUM FLUORATUM [HPUS]
SODIUM FLUORIDE [VANDF]
SODIUM FLUORIDE [USP-RS]
SODIUM FLUORIDE [WHO-DD]
SODIUM FLUORIDE [WHO-IP]
SODIUM FLUORIDE, (SOLID)
PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SODIUM FLUORIDE, 99.9%
AMY37012
HY-B1766
BDBM50209223
NA1690
UN3415
SODIUM FLUORIDE [ORANGE BOOK]
AKOS024438093
FLUORIDE (AS SODIUM) [VANDF]
Sodium fluoride [UN1690] [Poison]
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 75202
CS-5131
DB09325
LS-1705
NATRII FLUORIDUM [WHO-IP LATIN]
Sodium fluoride [UN1690] [Poison]
Sodium fluoride, 99.995% (metals basis)
FT-0645095
FT-0688141
FLUORIDE (AS SODIUM FLUORIDE) [VANDF]
C08142
D00943
P00019
Sodium Fluoride, Trace metals grade, 99.99%
A838842
Q407520
Sodium fluoride, 99.99% (metals basis), 3-6mm pieces

Oxidation reation of Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate with chlorite has been studied in the pH range 4-8.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is a sulfur-containing reducing agent.
When freshly prepared, Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate occurs as white, odorless crystals, which quickly develop a characteristic garlic odor on standing.

CAS: 6035-47-8
MF: CH7NaO4S
MW: 138.11
EINECS: 611-965-8

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na+HOCH2SO2−.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate has many additional names, including Rongalit, sodium hydroxymethylsulfinate, sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and Bruggolite.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is listed in the European Cosmetics Directive as sodium oxymethylene sulfoxylate (INCI).
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is water-soluble and generally sold as the dihydrate.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate and its derivatives are widely used in the dye industry.
The structure of Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography.

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 64-68 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.8 g/cm3 (20℃)
Vapor pressure: 2.68 hPa (20 °C)
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility alcohol: slightly soluble(lit.)
Form: powder to crystal
Color: White to Almost white
PH: 9.5-10.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
CAS DataBase Reference: 6035-47-8 (CAS DataBase Reference)

The chemical product is white crystal.
Soluble in water.
Insoluble in anhydrous ethanol, ether, benzene.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate has strong reducibility at high temperature.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate has fading performance.
Decompose at high temperature to produce formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide and other toxic gases.
When Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate encounters dilute acid, it decomposes, and its solution is neutral.
Anhydrous melting point 63~64 ℃.
The surface density is 1.80~1.85g/cm3.

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate (chemical formula: CH3NaO3S), commonly known as hanging white block, carving white powder, carving white powder C, is an adduct formed by formaldehyde and sodium sulfoxylate.

Uses
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is a versatile reagent that can be used for a wide range of organic transformations such as:
A SO2-2anion source for the preparation of sulfones and sultines.
Debromination of vicinal dibromoalkanes.
Reductive dehalogenation of aldehydes and ketones.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is a water-soluble antioxidant and is generally used as the dihydrate.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is used in the formulation of injection products at a level of up to 0.1% w/v in the final preparation administered to the patient.

The original use of Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate was as industrial bleaching agent and as a reducing agent for vat dyeing.
Another large-scale use is as a reducing agent in redox-initiator systems for emulsion polymerization.
One of the typical redox pair examples is t-butyl peroxide.
A niche use is its use as water conditioner for aquaria as it rapidly reduces chlorine and chloramine and reacts with ammonia to form the innocuous aminomethylsulfinate ion.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is also used as an antioxidant in pharmaceutical formulation.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate has been used increasingly in commercial cosmetic hair dye colour removers despite the generation of formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate has a variety of specialized applications in organic synthesis.

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is used in the printing and dyeing industry as a white pulling agent, reducing agent, bleaching agent and the production of indigo dye, vat dye.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate can also be used in the polymerization of synthetic rubber, sugar and ethylene compounds.

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is mainly used in the printing and dyeing industry as a dyeing agent, a coloring agent, a reducing agent, and as an activator for styrene-butadiene rubber and synthetic resin.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is also used for the decolorization and bleaching of some organic substances (such as: synthetic rubber, sugar, and food industry as bleaching agent), under certain conditions It can be used instead of hydrosulfite.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate cannot be used for bleaching imported food.
A carved white pieces (powder, grain) are easy to be affected with damp and exothermic, and begin to decompose at 80 ℃ to release H2S, which needs to be dried and stored at low temperature.
6 NaHSO2 · CH2O + 3H2O -& rarr; 4NaHSO3 + 2HCOONa + 2H2S + HCOOH + 3CH3OH B. When the temperature rises to 110 ℃, the carved white pieces (powder and particles) are completely decomposed, and formaldehyde in the molecule splits and releases new [H], with the strongest reducing power.

NaHSO2 · CH2O -& rarr; NaHSO2 + CH2O NaHSO2 + H2O -& rarr; NaHSO2 +2[H] c. carved white pieces (powder, grain) should be in alkaline medium with PH>8, and acidity (acid limit PH>3) can decompose white pieces into hydrogen sulfide. D. carved white pieces (powder, grain) will decompose when exposed to oxidant, such as I2. NaHSO2·CH2O+2H2O+2I2 -→NaHSO4+4HI+CH2O
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is used as a bleaching agent, reducing agent, bleaching agent and in the production of indigo dyes and vat dyes in the printing and dyeing industry.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate can also be used in the polymerization of synthetic rubber, sugar and ethylene compounds.
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is mainly used as discharging agent, color-discharging agent, reductant in printing and dyeing industry, as activating agent for production styrene-butadise rubber and synthetic resin, also be used for decolorizing and to whiten some organic matters, Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate can be substituted for sodium hydrosulphite in some special conditions.

Synthesis and reactions
Although available commercially, the salt can be prepared from sodium dithionite and formaldehyde:

Na2S2O4 + 2 CH2O + H2O → HO-CH2-SO3Na + HO-CH2-SO2Na
This reaction proceeds quantitatively, such that dithionite can be determined by its conversion to Rongalite, which is far less O2-sensitive and thus easier to handle.

The hydroxymethanesulfinate ion is unstable in solution towards decomposition to formaldehyde and sulfite.
Addition of at least one equivalent of formaldehyde pushes the equilibrium towards the side of the adduct and reacts further to give the bis-(hydroxymethyl)sulfone.
Such solutions are shelf-stable indefinitely.

Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate was originally developed in the early 20th century for the textile industry as a shelf-stable source of sulfoxylate ion, where the latter can be generated at will.
In use, when Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is made acidic, the reducing sulfoxylate ion and formaldehyde are released in equimolar amounts.
For safety reasons the generation of formaldehyde must be taken into consideration when used industrially.

NaHOCH2SO2 can essentially be considered to be a source of SO22−.
As such Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate is used both as a reducing agent and as a reagent to introduce SO2 groups into organic molecules.
Treatment of elemental Se and Te with NaHOCH2SO2 gives solutions containing the corresponding Na2Sex and Na2Tex, where x is approximately 2. As a nucleophile, NaHOCH2SO2 reacts with alkylating agents to give sulfones.

HO-CH2-SO2Na + 2 C6H5CH2Br → [C6H5CH2]2SO2 + NaBr + CH2O + HBr
Occasionally, alkylation will occur also at oxygen, thus xylylene dibromide gives both the sulfone and the isomeric sulfinate ester.

Production Method
286 kg of zinc powder and 500 kg of water are added into the pulping tank, and then added into the tubular reactor after pulping, and about 550 kg of SO2 is recycled to obtain zinc dithionite (the reaction temperature is maintained at 40~45 ℃, and the end pH value is 3~3.5).

In addition, the formaldehyde 40% by 698kg is added into the reaction kettle, the above-mentioned zinc disulfite aqueous solution is added dropwise under stirring, and the temperature is gradually increased.
When the temperature rises to 95~100 ℃, a total of 257 kg of zinc powder is added in batches, and the reaction is carried out under heat preservation for several hours, with the content of unused substance less than 1% at the end point.
Let the precipitate stand and transfer the precipitate to the replacement kettle.
After washing with clear water, 755 kg of 42% sodium hydroxide solution was added under stirring.
React at 65 ℃ until the free alkali content reaches 0.3% ~ 0.5%.
The reactant is pressure-filtered to remove impurities, and the filtrate is clarified for 48 h and then concentrated in vacuum.
Cooling crystallization, crushing to obtain the finished product.

Synonyms
Sodium Hydroxymethanesulfinate Dihydrate
6035-47-8
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate dihydrate
Rongalite
Methanesulfinic acid, hydroxy-, monosodium salt, dihydrate
sodium;hydroxymethanesulfinate;dihydrate
Formaldehyde sodium sulfoxylate dihydrate
Monosodium hydroxymethanesulfinate dihydrate
Hydroxymethanesulfinic acid monosodium salt dihydrate
sodium dihydrate hydroxymethanesulfinate
SQ4705447D
sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate dihydrate
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate [NF]
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxalate
Monosodium hydroxymethanesulfinate
Rongalite dihydrate
NCGC00166400-01
UNII-SQ4705447D
BRUGGOLITE
SodiumHydroxymethanesulfinateDihydrate
MFCD00150598
AKOS022186504
AT30643
sodium hydroxymethane sulfinate dihydrate
NCGC00166400-02
FT-0696356
FORMALDEHYDESULFOXYLATE, MONOSODIUM SALT
EN300-1697657
FORMALDEHYDE SODIUM SULPHOXYLATE DIHYDRATE
SODIUM FORMALDEHYDE SULPHOXYLATE DIHYDRATE
Q27289335
SODIUM FORMALDEHYDE SULFOXYLATE DIHYDRATE [MI]
F8881-2707
Sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate dihydrate, >=98.0% (RT)
Sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate dihydrate(Chunks or pellets)

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate, also known as sodium dithionite, is a white crystalline powder with a slight sulfurous odor.
Its chemical formula is Na2S2O4·xH2O, and it is a hydrate of sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate.

CAS Number: 6035-47-8



APPLICATIONS


Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate can be used in the textile industry as a reducing agent to bleach and brighten fabrics.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the paper industry as a bleaching agent for wood pulp and paper products.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate can be used as a reducing agent in organic synthesis, particularly in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in electroplating as a reducing agent to deposit metal coatings on various surfaces.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate can be used in the production of photographic film and paper as a developing agent.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of leather as a tanning agent.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of rubber and plastics as a reducing agent to stabilize the compounds.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in water treatment to remove excess chlorine from water.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate can be used in the production of inks, dyes, and pigments as a reducing agent.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of adhesives and sealants as a reducing agent to improve their stability.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the oil and gas industry as a scavenger to remove oxygen and hydrogen sulfide from oil and gas wells.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the cosmetics industry as a reducing agent in hair dyes and other hair treatments.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the food industry as a reducing agent to prevent the browning of fruits and vegetables.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate can be used in the production of batteries as a reducing agent to improve their performance.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the construction industry as a reducing agent to improve the performance of cement-based materials.


The main applications of sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate include:

Reducing agent in the textile industry
Bleaching agent in the paper pulp industry
Dechlorinating agent in water treatment processes
Reducing agent in the leather industry
Bleaching agent in the food industry
Developing agent in the photographic industry
Catalyst in chemical reactions


Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate has several applications, including:

As a reducing agent in various industries, including textiles, photography, and electroplating.
As a bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry.
As an oxygen scavenger in boiler water treatment.
As a reducing agent in organic synthesis.
As a stabilizer in the manufacture of synthetic resins and rubbers.
In the production of pharmaceuticals, including as a reducing agent in the synthesis of certain drugs.
In the food industry as a flour improver and dough conditioner.
In the production of leather as a reducing agent.
In the production of adhesives and coatings.
In the electroplating industry for the deposition of metal coatings.
In the production of color photographic materials as a stabilizing agent.
In the manufacture of polymers as a reducing agent.
In the textile industry as a reducing agent and color stabilizer.
In the production of detergents and cleaning agents.
In the production of metalworking fluids.
As a reducing agent in the synthesis of polymers.
In the production of inks and pigments.
In the manufacture of oil drilling fluids.
In the production of metal catalysts.
In the synthesis of pesticides.
In the production of synthetic detergents.
In the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical intermediates.
In the production of plasticizers.
In the manufacture of paper and cardboard products.
As a reducing agent in the production of fine chemicals.


Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used as a reducing agent in various industrial processes.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the bleaching of pulp and paper to improve the brightness and whiteness of the paper.

In the textile industry, it is used as a reducing agent for the dyeing and printing of fabrics.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of photographic chemicals, as it can be used to reduce the silver ions to metallic silver.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the electroplating industry as a reducing agent for copper plating.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the manufacture of synthetic resins, which are used in various applications such as adhesives, coatings, and sealants.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of polymers, which are used in various applications such as plastic production and coatings.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a reducing agent for the synthesis of various drugs.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the food industry as a reducing agent and preservative.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the water treatment industry to remove chlorine and other oxidizing agents from water.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the petroleum industry to remove sulfur compounds from crude oil.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the mining industry as a flotation agent for the separation of ores.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the manufacture of ceramics and glass, as a reducing agent.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of chemicals such as formaldehyde and formic acid.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the synthesis of organic compounds, such as amino acids and peptides.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the manufacture of adhesives, particularly those used in the construction industry.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of rubber products.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of detergents and cleaning products.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of cosmetics and personal care products.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the synthesis of chiral molecules used in the pharmaceutical industry.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of fuel additives to improve the performance of gasoline and diesel engines.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of explosives and propellants.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the manufacture of water-soluble polymers, such as polyvinyl alcohol.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of flame retardants for textiles and plastics.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the textile industry as a reducing agent for the removal of excess dye and other impurities from fabrics.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of photographic paper to reduce the amount of silver in the emulsion and to prevent fogging of the film.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of pulp and paper as a bleach and a dechlorinating agent.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the food industry as an additive to prevent browning in fruits and vegetables during processing and storage.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used as a reducing agent in the synthesis of organic compounds in the pharmaceutical industry.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the manufacture of polymers and resins as a reducing agent and a stabilizer.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used as a polymerization inhibitor in the production of acrylic and other polymers.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of adhesives as a reducing agent to improve adhesion and bonding.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the cosmetics industry as an antioxidant and preservative.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the oil and gas industry as a scavenger for hydrogen sulfide and mercaptans in natural gas and crude oil.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the mining industry as a flotation reagent to separate minerals from ore.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the electroplating industry as a reducing agent for metal ions in solution.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of leather as a reducing agent to remove excess chromium and other impurities.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the water treatment industry as a dechlorinating agent and a reducing agent for other pollutants.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the manufacturing of semiconductor devices as a reducing agent to control the oxidation of metals.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of rubber as a reducing agent and a stabilizer to improve the properties of the material.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of glass as a reducing agent to prevent the formation of bubbles and defects.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the cosmetic dentistry industry as a tooth whitening agent.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of fuel cells as a reducing agent to improve the efficiency of the cell.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the printing industry as a reducing agent to improve the quality of the printed image.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the manufacturing of catalysts as a reducing agent to activate the catalyst.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the construction industry as a reducing agent for concrete and cement to improve their properties.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the textile printing industry as a reducing agent to improve the quality of the printed image.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of paper and cardboard as a reducing agent and a bleaching agent.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the agricultural industry as a reducing agent and a pesticide.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate, also known as sodium dithionite, is a white crystalline powder with a slight sulfurous odor.
Its chemical formula is Na2S2O4·xH2O, and it is a hydrate of sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate has various uses, including as a reducing agent, a bleaching agent, and a dechlorinating agent.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used in several industrial processes such as in the production of textiles, paper pulp, and leather goods.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is a strong reducing agent and can reduce many organic and inorganic compounds.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is often used in the textile industry for the reduction of vat dyes and sulfur dyes.

In the paper pulp industry, Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used to bleach pulp, while in the leather industry, it is used as a reducing agent for chromium.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used in water treatment processes to remove excess chlorine from water.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used in the food industry as a bleaching agent for food products such as flour and potatoes.

Another application of this chemical is in the photographic industry where it is used as a developing agent, and in the production of photographic films and papers.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used as a catalyst in chemical reactions, including the conversion of aldehydes to alcohols.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is considered a safe and non-toxic compound, and it is approved for use in various applications by regulatory bodies such as the FDA and EPA.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is a white crystalline powder with a faint odor.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is highly soluble in water, and slightly soluble in alcohol and ether.
The chemical formula for sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is NaHO2S.CH2O2.2H2O.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is a reducing agent commonly used in textile, paper, and leather industries.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also known as Rongalite C.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is a stable, non-explosive compound that decomposes when heated above 180°C.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is highly reactive and can reduce a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is a white to slightly yellowish powder with a sweet taste.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is hygroscopic, meaning that it absorbs moisture from the air.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is sensitive to air and light, and should be stored in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is used in the production of photographic chemicals and dyes.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used in the manufacture of pulp and paper, where it acts as a bleaching agent.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate can be used as a reducing agent in electroplating baths.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of metal poisoning and radiation sickness.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is a strong reducing agent that can reduce metal ions to their metallic form.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate has a wide range of applications in the textile industry, where it is used as a reducing agent for vat dyes and sulfur dyes.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used as a bleaching agent for cellulose fibers and cotton.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is highly effective in removing residual chlorine from bleached pulp and paper.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is commonly used in the production of food additives, such as Vitamin C and thiamine.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used in the manufacturing of rubber, plastics, and resins.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate can be used in the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater.

Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is also used as a reducing agent in the synthesis of nanomaterials.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate is a key component in the formulation of hair dye.
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate has a wide range of applications in the chemical industry, where it is used as a reducing agent for a variety of organic and inorganic compounds.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: NaHO2S·xH2O (where x represents the number of water molecules)
Molar mass: 114.08 g/mol (anhydrous), varies with degree of hydration
Appearance: white to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: odorless
Density: 2.17 g/cm³ (anhydrous)
Melting point: decomposes before melting
Solubility in water: highly soluble
Solubility in other solvents: slightly soluble in methanol and ethanol, insoluble in ether and benzene
pH: about 4.5 to 5.5 in 1% aqueous solution
Boiling point: decomposes before boiling
Flash point: not applicable, as it is not a flammable substance
Autoignition temperature: not applicable, as it is not a flammable substance
Refractive index: not applicable, as it is not an optically active substance
Viscosity: not applicable, as it is not a liquid substance
Specific heat capacity: not available in literature
Thermal conductivity: not available in literature
Electrical conductivity: not available in literature
Hygroscopicity: hygroscopic, absorbs moisture from the air
Stability: stable under normal conditions, but decomposes upon exposure to heat or light
Acidity/basicity: slightly acidic
Toxicity: may be harmful if ingested or inhaled, may cause skin and eye irritation
Flammability: not flammable
Explosiveness: not explosive
Oxidizing properties: not oxidizing
Corrosivity: not corrosive



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Remove the person to a well-ventilated area and give oxygen if breathing is difficult.
Seek immediate medical attention if the person is experiencing difficulty breathing or shows signs of respiratory distress.


Skin Contact:

Remove any contaminated clothing or accessories immediately.
Rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if there are signs of irritation or burns.


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush the affected eye(s) with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelid(s) open.
Seek medical attention if irritation, pain, or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention if the person has swallowed a large amount or shows signs of discomfort or distress.

Note: Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a medical professional.


Other:

In case of exposure to Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate hydrate, seek medical attention immediately.
Be prepared to provide the medical professional with detailed information about the chemical and the exposure, including the route of exposure, the amount of chemical involved, and the time elapsed since the exposure occurred.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing when handling the chemical.
Avoid inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion of the chemical.
Handle the chemical in a well-ventilated area to prevent the build-up of vapor or dust.

Do not allow the chemical to come into contact with strong oxidizers or acids.
Do not heat or incinerate the chemical, as this can cause decomposition and release toxic gases.

In case of a spill, contain the material and prevent it from spreading.
Use an inert absorbent material such as sand, vermiculite, or diatomaceous earth to soak up the spill.
Store the chemical in a tightly closed container away from heat sources, flames, and direct sunlight.


Storage:

Store the chemical in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Keep the chemical away from incompatible materials such as oxidizing agents, acids, and bases.
Store the chemical in a tightly closed container that is labeled with the appropriate hazard warnings.

Keep the chemical out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel.
Do not store the chemical near food, beverages, or other consumable materials.
Do not store the chemical in areas with excessive heat or cold, or in direct sunlight.

Store the chemical separately from flammable or combustible materials.
Use appropriate storage containers made of materials such as glass, stainless steel, or polyethylene that are resistant to the chemical.



SYNONYMS


Sodium dithionite
Sodium hydrosulfite
Sodium sulfoxylate formaldehyde
Sodium formylhydroxamate
Sodium hypodithionite
Sodium oxymethylene sulfoxylate
Sodium formate bisulfite
Sodium hydroxymethylsulfinate
Sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate
Sodium formalsulfoxylate
Sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate
Sodium formoxylate
Sodium formoxylate bisulfite
Hyposulfite of soda
Sodium dithionite hydrate
Sodium sulfoxylate formaldehyde hydrate
Sodium hydrosulfite hydrate
Sodium oxymethylene sulfoxylate hydrate
Sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate hydrate
Sodium formaldehydesulfoxylate monohydrate
Sodium formate bisulfite hydrate
Sodium formoxylate hydrate
Sodium formoxylate bisulfite hydrate
Sodium hypodithionite hydrate
Sodium formylhydroxamate hydrate
SFSH
SFS
Rongalite C
Rongalit C
Rongalit
Rongalite
Hydrosulfite F
Hydrosulfite
Hydrose
Hyposulfit
Hydro
Formasulfit
Formosulfate
Formosulfite
Formosulphate
Formosulphite
Formosulfoxylate
Sodi
Sodium hydrosulfite
Sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate
Sodium dithionite
Sodium oxymethylene sulfoxylate
Sodium salt of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid
Dithionous acid, sodium salt
Salt of sulfinic acid, hydroxymethane, sodium