Detergents, Cosmetics, Disinfectants, Pharma Chemicals

SILICON DIOXIDE (AEROSİL)
Chlorure d'argent; silverchloride; SILVER CHLORIDE,SILVER MONOCHLORIDE; SILVER(1+) ION CHLORIDE; silver(i) chloride N° CAS : 7783-90-6. Nom INCI : SILVER CHLORIDE. Nom chimique : Silver chloride. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-033-3. Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, Restriction en Europe : V/52. La concentration maximale autorisée dans les préparations cosmétiques prêtes à l'emploi est de 0,004 % (en AgCl).. 20 % AgCl (m/m) sur TiO2. Ne pas utiliser dans les produits pour les enfants âgés de moins de 3 ans, dans les produits bucco-dentaires et dans les produits pour les yeux ou les lèvres. Ses fonctions (INCI): Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Noms français : ARGENT, CHLORURE D'; ARGENT, CHLORURE DE; Chlorure d'argent. Noms anglais : Silver chloride; SILVER CHLORIDE (AGCL). Utilisation et sources d'émission: Agent de placage. Silver chloride; 232-033-3 [EINECS]; 7783-90-6 [RN]; Chlorure d'argent(1+) [French] ; Silber(1+)chlorid [German] ;Silver(1+) chloride [ACD/IUPAC Name]; AgCl (Silver monochloride); chlorosilver; MFCD00003399 [MDL number]; Silver (I) Chloride; Silver chloride (AgCl); SILVER MONOCHLORIDE; SILVER(1+) ION CHLORIDE; silver(i) chloride; Silver(I)Chloride; silverchloride; 氯化银 [Chinese]. Silver chloride (AgCl); Silver chloride deposited on titanium dioxide; Silver monochloride; Silver(I) chloride;Translated names: Chlorek srebra (pl); Chlorid strieborný (sk); Chlorid stříbrný (cs); Chlorure d'argent (fr); Cloreto de prata (pt); Cloruro d'argento (it); Cloruro de plata (es); Clorură de argint (ro); Ezüst-klorid (hu); Hopeakloridi (fi); Hõbekloriid (et); Klorur tal-fidda (mt); Sidabro chloridas (lt); Silberchlorid (de); Silver chloride (no); Silverklorid (sv); Srebrov klorid (hr); Sudraba hlorīds (lv); Sølvklorid (da); Zilverchloride (nl); Χλωριούχος άργυρος (el); Сребърен хлорид (bg); : silver (1+) chloride; silver(1+) chloride; silver(1+) ion chloride; SilverI) chloride
SILICON DIOXIDE (ANTICAKING AGENT)
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) when used as a food additive, is a compound consisting of silicon and oxygen.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) exists in several structural forms: polymorphic crystalline silica, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is a common fundamental constituent of glass.

CAS Number: 7631-86-9
Molecular Formula: O2Si
Molecular Weight: 60.08
EINECS Number: 231-545-4

Synonyms: Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), Silica, Dioxosilane, Quartz, 7631-86-9, Silica gel, Cristobalite, Silicic anhydride, Tridymite, 14808-60-7, Sand, 112945-52-5, 61790-53-2, 112926-00-8, KIESELGUHR, Diatomaceous silica, Wessalon, Aerosil, Silicon(IV) oxide, Zorbax sil, 60676-86-0, Silica, amorphous, 14464-46-1, Dicalite, Ludox, Nyacol, Amorphous silica, QUARTZ (SIO2), Cristobalite (SiO2), Cab-O-sil, Sillikolloid, Extrusil, Santocel, Sipernat, Superfloss, Acticel, Carplex, Neosil, Neosyl, Porasil, Silikil, Siloxid, Zipax, Aerosil-degussa, Silicon oxide, Aerosil 380, Synthetic amorphous silica, Quartz sand, Rose quartz, Silica particles, 91053-39-3, Cab-o-sil M-5, Silica, fumed, Snowtex O, Silica, colloidal, Tokusil TPLM, Dri-Die, SILICA, VITREOUS, Manosil vn 3, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), Ultrasil VH 3, Ultrasil VN 3, Aerosil bs-50, Carplex 30, Carplex 80, Snowtex 30, Zeofree 80, Aerosil,Silicon(IV) oxide, Zorbax sil, 60676-86-0, Silica, amorphous, 14464-46-1, Dicalite, Ludox, Nyacol, Amorphous silica, QUARTZ (SIO2), Cristobalite (SiO2), Cab-O-sil, Sillikolloid, Extrusil, Santocel, Sipernat, Superfloss, Acticel, Carplex, Neosil, Neosyl, Porasil, Silikil, Siloxid, Zipax, Aerosil-degussa, Silicon oxide, Aerosil 380, Synthetic amorphous silica, Quartz sand, Rose quartz, Silica particles, 91053-39-3, Cab-o-sil M-5, Silica, fumed, Snowtex O, Silica, colloidal, Tokusil TPLM, Dri-Die, SILICA, VITREOUS, Manosil vn 3, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), Ultrasil VH 3, Ultrasil VN 3, Aerosil bs-50, Carplex 30, Carplex 80, Snowtex 30, Zeofree 80, Aerosil K 7, Cabosil N 5, Syton 2X, Amorphous silica gel, Positive sol 232, Siliziumdioxid, Aerogel 200, Aerosil 300, Chalcedony, Diatomite, Ludox hs 40, Silanox 101, Silica (SiO2), Vitasil 220, Agate, Positive sol 130M, Silica vitreous, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) (amorphous), Aerosil A 300, Aerosil E 300, Aerosil M-300, colloidal silica, Fused silica, Quartz glass, Silica slurry, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), fumed, Silicone dioxide, 68855-54-9, Nalfloc N 1050, Quso 51, Silica, amorphous fused, Nalco 1050, Quso G 30, Hydrophobic silica 2482, Kieselsaeureanhydrid, Min-U-Sil, 15468-32-3, SiO2, CCRIS 3699, Silica Gel, 40-63 Micron Particles, Silica aerogel, (SiO2)n, UNII-ETJ7Z6XBU4, ETJ7Z6XBU4, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), Amorphous, Silica 2482, hydrophobic, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), chemically prepared, EINECS 231-545-4, CAB-O-SIL N-70TS, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605, CI 7811,Aerosil 200, 99439-28-8, CHEBI:30563, AI3-25549, Crystalline silica, N1030, U 333, Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh, Glass, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), colloidal, 15723-40-7, ENT 25,550, [SiO2], Silica, crystalline - fused, Silicagel, Silica gel, pptd.,cryst.-free, 13778-37-5, 13778-38-6, 17679-64-0, Christensenite, Crystoballite, Silica gel desiccant, indicating, Celite, INS-551, Calcined diatomite, MFCD00011232, MFCD00217788, Silica, amorphous,fumed, cryst.-free, Silica, mesostructured, Amethyst, Aquafil, Cataloid, Crysvarl, Flintshot, Nalcoag, Novaculite, Silikill, Vulkasil, Cherts, Snowit, Imsil, Metacristobalite, Quartz silica, alpha-Quartz, Fossil flour, Fumed silica, Quartz dust, Rock crystal, Silica dust, White carbon, SIMETHICONE COMPONENT Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), Chromosorb P, Tiger-eye, E-551, Vulkasil S, Celite superfloss, Cristobalite dust, Corasil II, Silver bond B, Cab-O-sperse, alpha-Cristobalite, alpha-Crystobalite, Gold bond R, (SiO2), Cabosil st-1, Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 100 microg/mL in H2O, Sil-Co-Sil, Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O, Siderite (SiO2), Tridymite 118, Cab-O-grip II, Tridimite [French], HI-Sil, Amorphous silica dust, Silicon Oxide Hollow Nanospheres, Nyacol 830, Sibelite M 3000, Sibelite M 4000, Sibelite M 6000, Quazo puro [Italian], SILICA, AMORPHOUS (IARC), SILICA, AMORPHOUS [IARC], Caswell No. 734A, Sicron F 300, Sikron F 100, Spectrosil, Accusand, Coesite, Fuselex, Nalcast, Nyacol 1430, Optocil, Quartzine, Quarzsand, Rancosil, Suprasil, Tridimite, Siltex, Vitreous quartz, Vitreous silica, Tridymite dust, W 12 (Filler), beta-Quartz, Fused quartz, MIN-U-sil alpha quartz, Quartz-beta, Amorphous quartz, Dri-Die insecticide 67, Quazo puro, Silica, amorphous, fumed, Vitrified silica, Pyrogenic colloidal silica, Silica, fused, Suprasil W, Vitreosil IR, Borsil P, Dioxide, Silicon, Silane, dioxo-, Crystallized Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), Optocil (quartz), CP-SilicaPLOT, Sand, Sea, Silicon oxide, di- (sand), Quarzsand [German], S-Col, Admafine SO 25H, Admafine SO 25R, Admafine SO 32H, Admafine SO-C 2, Admafine SO-C 3, Cristobalite asbestos, Keatite (SiO2), Sg-67, Tridymite (SiO2), Fumed silica, crystalline-free, Stishovite (SiO2), ED-C (silica), Fuselex ZA 30, As 1 (silica), CCRIS 2475, DQ12, Agate (SiO2), Celite 545, Fumed synthetic amorphous silica, Silica, crystalline - tridymite, FB 5 (silica), Fuselex RD 120, Corning 7940, Microcrystalline quartz, Synthetic amorphous silica, fumed, Denka F 90, Denka FB 30, Denka FB 44, Denka FB 74, Denka FS 30, Dri-Die 67, Silica gel spherical, 40-75 mum particle size, WGL 300, Cryptocrystalline quartz, FB 20 (silica), Elsil 100, F 44 (filler), D & D, SF 35, Elsil BF 100, F 125 (silica), F 160 (silica), Fuselex RD 40-60, Silica, amorphous, fused, Silica; Silica colloidal anhydrous; Silicium dioxide, EINECS 238-455-4, EINECS 238-878-4, EINECS 239-487-1, 43-63C, HK 400, TGL 16319, Silica, crystalline quartz, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) (vitreous), Silica, amorphous, fumed, cryst.-free, Silica, crystalline, quartz, Silica, crystalline: quartz, tripolite, GP 7I, Precipitated amorphous silica, Chrysoprase, Ronasphere, Silica, crystalline tridymite, Speriglass, Carneol, Citrine, Kieselgel, NaturasilScars, Sandstone, Silica, crystalline - quartz, Silicea, Spherica, AF-SO 25R, Quartz [Silica, crystalline], Siilca, Zorbax, quartz-glass, silica sand, Silicom dioxide, Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica), Silica marina, Silica, crystalline: tridymite, silica-gel, Fused-silica, pyrogenic silica, Silica,fumed, GP 11I, RD 8, silica-, Fine grain sand, QuarZ, Super-cel, Fire Agate, Greensil K, Sea sand, silica gel white, W 006, Silicon di-oxide, Tridymite [Silica, crystalline], Zelec Sil, Chrysolith 6X, CRS 1102RD8, Silica Dispersion, SiO2 Nanopowder, Silica gel G, Silica, crystalline: cristobalite, Silotrat-1, Kieselsaureanhydrid, SiO2 Nanospheres, Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescent indicator 254 nm, Silicea 3X, Silicea 6C, Silicea 6X, Chrysoprase8113, EF 10, Fossil Flour MBK, FS 74, Honest-Paste Kids, MR 84, Quartz 8, Silica, crystalline - cristobalite, Silica Microspheres, Aventurine8101, Cristobalite [Silica, crystalline], Silicea Kit Refill, Sorbosil AC33, Sorbosil AC77, Sorbosil BFG50, Sorbosil TC15, Sand, white quartz, Sandstone8144, Silicea 12X, Silicea 30X, Amorphous silica: Pyrogenic (fumed), EINECS 262-373-8, Silica gel, ASTM, silicon (iv) oxide, Methyl3-oxohexanoate, Siliceous sand, CP, Sorbosil AC 35, Sorbosil AC 37, Sorbosil AC 39, BF 100, EQ 912, Neosil CBT50, Neosil CBT60, Neosil CBT60S, Neosil CBT70, Neosil CT11, Neosil PC10, Neosil PC50S, QG 100, Quartz 30, RD 120, Rose Quartz8142, AEROSIC, Aerosil 130, Aerosil 255, ARSIL, BIOSILICA, Carneol8109, Citrine8114, DALTOSIL, DUROSIL, HAIRBALLS, KOMSIL, MICROSIL, MILOWHITE, MIZUKASIL, NOVAKUP, OSCAL, PHOTOX, PREGEL, REOLOSIL, ROMSIL, SIFLOX, SILEX, SILICAFILM, SILICALITE, Silicea 200C, Silicea 200X, Silicea8012, SILIPUR, SILMOS, SIONOX, SNOWTEX, Sorbpso; BFG10, SYTON, TOSIL, UNISIL, VERTICURINE, ZEOPAN, Fire Agate8116, Tigers Eye8152, NaturasilStretch Marks, Wacker HDK H30, Celite 503, ENTERO TEKNOSAL, Spheron PL-700, AEROSIL PST, CATALOID SA, CATALOID SN, NALCAST PLW, SANTOCEL CS, SNOWTEX OXS, SORBSIL MSG, ADELITE A, ELKEM SAND, FINESIL B, FUJIGEL B, FUSELEX X, GAROSIL GB, GAROSIL N, HIMESIL A, NEOSIL XV, NEOSYL GP, NIPSIL AQ, NIPSIL ER, NIPSIL ES, NIPSIL LP, NIPSIL NA, NIPSIL NS, NIPSIL NST, SANTOCEL Z, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) Powder, SILTON AK, SNOWTEX AK, SNOWTEX C, SNOWTEX N, SNOWTEX OL, TOKUSIL GU, TOKUSIL N, TOKUSIL NR, TOKUSIL P, TOKUSIL U, TOKUSIL UR, VULKASIL C, Wacker HDK T 30, Wacker HDK V 15, LUDOX LS, LUDOX TM, NEOSIL A, Sea sand, acid washed, Silica, fumed, powder, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) (NF), SILTON A, SYTON FM, CRYSTALITE 5V, CRYSTALITE 5X, GLASGRAIN SG-A, IMSIL H, Neosil CL2000, Sand 50-70 mesh, Silica, Anhydrous 31, SILICEA200ck, Spheron N-2000, Spheron P-1500, TOSIL P, Cab-O-Sil EH-5, Cab-O-Sil M-5P, Cab-O-Sil MS55, F 44, NIPSIL VN3LP, Silica gel, large pore, TOKUSIL GU-N, TOKUSIL GV-N, Wacker HDK N 20P, Wacker HDK N 25P, Y 40, KAOWOOL RIGIDIZER, CRYSTALITE FM 1, CRYSTALITE NA 1, HYPERSIL 3, HYPERSIL 5, MSP-X, Silica 6 Special Order, ULTRASIL VN 3SP, Hollow Silica Nanosphere, MIZUKASIL NP 8, MIZUKASIL SK 7, Silicon Oxide Dispersion, Silicon Oxide Nanopowder, CARPLEX FPS 1, CARPLEX FPS 3, NIPSIL VN 3AQ, SI-O-LITE, SILICA [INCI], SUPERNAT 22LS, SYLOID SILICA GEL, ULTRASIL VN 2, CARPLEX CS 5, CRYSTALITE CMC 1, silica (Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)), silica fibers (biogenic), SILICATE [VANDF], Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) (silica), SUPERNAT 50S, TOKUSIL AL 1, Celite (R) 545, MIZUKASIL P 78A, MIZUKASIL P 78F, Silica gel, ACS reagent, Wacker HDK V 15 P, Celite(R) 512 medium, HYPERSIL 10, Kieselguhr, -325 mesh, NIPSIL VN 3, OPRECARE 12, OPRECARE 24, SAND [INCI], SANTOCEL 54, SANTOCEL 62, Silica, 99.8%, SILNEX NP 8, SYLOBLOC 41, SYLOBLOC 44, SYLOBLOC 46, SYLOBLOC 47, TONICPET 12, ADELITE AT 20A, ADELITE AT 20Q, ADELITE AT 30S, CATALOID HS 40, CATALOID SI 40, HARIMIC SWC 05, MIZUKASIL P 78, Quartz 60 Special Order, SBA-15 Molecular Sieve, Silica 30 Special Order, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) Nanopowder, SNOWTEX NCS 30, ADELITE 30, ADELITE AT 30, AEROSIL BS 50, AEROSIL FK 60, AEROSIL OX 50, CARPLEX 67, DSSTox_CID_9677, HISILEX EF 10, Hollow Silica Microspheres, LUDOX 40HS, NIPSIL SS 50A, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) Dispersion, SILTON A 2, SILTON LP 75C, SILTON R 2, SNOWTEX 40, SUPERNAT 250S, TULLANOX A 50, ZEOTHIX 95, ZORBAX PSM 60, Cab-O-Sil LM-130, AEROSIL 130V, AEROSIL 200V, CATALOID SI 350, Epitope ID:158537, FINESIL E 50, FINESIL X 37, MIZUKASIL P 526, MIZUKASIL P 527, MIZUKASIL P 801, MIZUKASIL P 802, NEOSYL 81, NIPSIL SS 10, NIPSIL SS 50, PROTEK-SORB 121, REOLOSIL 202, REOLOSIL QS 102, SIDENT 12, Silica, fumed, hydrophobic, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) Nanospheres, SOLEX (M), SYLODENT 704, SYTON 30X, SYTON W 3, TULLANOX TM 500, ZEOSIL 175MP, ZEOSIL 75, ADELITE AD 321, AEROSIL A 200V, AEROSIL OK 412, AEROSIL TT 600, CAB-O-SIL HS 5, CAB-O-SIL M 5, CAB-O-SIL N 5, LUFILEN E 100, NALCOAG 1034A, Nano Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) Powder, NIPSIL B 220A, NIPSIL E 150J, NIPSIL E 150K, NIPSIL E 150V, NIPSIL E 200A, NIPSIL E 220A, SILCRON G 100, SILCRON G 640, Silica gel 40-60Angstoms, TIX-O-SIL 33J, TIX-O-SIL 38A, AROGEN 500, CAB-O-SIL LM 50, DSSTox_RID_78805, EMSAC 460S, EMSAC 465T, IMSIL A 10, IMSIL A 15, IMSIL A 25, NEOSYL 186, NEOSYL 224, NUCLEOSIL 100-5, QUSO WR 55, QUSO WR 82, silica gel 60g (type60), silica gel 60h (type60), SSA 1, SSK 5, SYTON W 15, SYTON W 30, SYTON X 30, ZEOSYL 100, ZEOSYL 200, CAB-O-SIL MS 75D, CAB-O-SIL N 70TS, CARPLEX 1120, CELATOM(R) FW-60, DSSTox_GSID_29677, FILLITE 52/7, IMSIL A 108H, MIN-U-SIL 15, MIN-U-SIL 30, NALCO 2SS374, NALCO CD 100, NALCOAG 1030, NALCOAG 1050, NALCOAG 1060, NALCOAG 1115, NALCOAG 1129, NALCOAG 1140, NIPSIL E 150, NIPSIL E 200, NIPSIL G 300, NYACOL 2034A, P 2 (SILICA), Pesticide Code 072605, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), acid washed, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), acid-washed, VITASIL 1500, VITASIL 1600, ZEOSYL 1000V, BS 30 (FILLER), BS 50 (SILICA), CAB-M 5, Diatomaceous earth non-washed, EP 10TP, NALFLOC N 1030, SILICA GEL [WHO-DD], Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) [II], Silicon(IV) oxide (SiO2), 2080 Dentistry Night Fresh, 92283-58-4, LO-VEL 24, LO-VEL 27, PHYENLIMCIDE TOOTHPASTE, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), Precipitated, EXSIL A 300, F 40 (SILICA), FILLITE 200/7, IATROBEADS 6RS8060, IMSIL A 108, NALCO 1034A, NALCO 84SS258, Silica fibers, 1/4'' long, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) [FCC], Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous, TIX-O-SIL 375, TS 100 (SILICA), ZEOSYL 2000, 2080 Dentistry Night Repair, CATALOID OSCAL 1432, Kieselguhr, calcined, purified, Silica gel, CP, blue, beads, Silica Gel 60-100 MESH, Silica, fused, respirable dust, 25wt% Silicon Oxide in Water, AW Standard Super-Cel(R) NF, B-6C, FK 320DS, HDK-V 15, HSDB 682, IMSIL 1240, INS NO.551, MCM-41, NALCO 1115, NALCO 1129, NALCO 1140, OSCAL 1132, OSCAL 1232, OSCAL 1432, OSCAL 1433, OSCAL 1434, Silica gel, CP, white, beads, Silicates (<1% crystalline silica):Graphite, natural, SIPUR 1500, SYLOID 244 [VANDF], ZEO 49, Hyflo(R) Super-Cel(R), CP, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) (SIO2), Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) [VANDF], CHEMBL3188292, Cinis comp A 21 Special Order, DTXSID1029677, DTXSID6050465, Filter agent, Celite(R) 545, IATROBEADS GRS 80100, Sand, white quartz, CP, beads, silica gel 60gf254(type60), silica gel 60hf254(type60), Silicagel 60A 40-63 micron, SILICONE DIOXIDE [VANDF], B-CEL 300, Quarz cryst., 0.6-1.3 mm, Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size, medium, Silica gel, technical grade, 6-16 mesh, Silicon oxide powder, 99% Nano, 20 nm, SONATURAL ALL KILL BLACKHEAD CLEAR, CAS-7631-86-9, Silica gel desiccant, -3+8 mesh granules, Silica gel, 12-24 mesh (liquid drying), Silica gel, for column chromatography, 60, Celite(R) 281, filter aid, flux calcined, Celite(R) S, filter aid, dried, untreated, Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh, HY-154739, Silica gel desiccant, -6+12 mesh granules, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), purum p.a., acid purified, White Silica Gel Beads, 3 mm (2-5 mm), CS-0694521, Dr. Zenni GGOGGOMA ToothpasteVanilla flavor, F 307, FT-0624621, FT-0645127, FT-0689145, FT-0689270, FT-0696592, FT-0696603, FT-0697331, FT-0697389, FT-0700917, S0822, Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 220-440 mesh particle size, 35-75 mum particle size, for flash chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size, for flash chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 5-25 mum particle size, without binder, for thin layer chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum, for column chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, with ~13% calcium sulfate, for thin layer chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, with ~15% calcium sulfate and fluorescent indicator, GF254, for thin layer chromatography, Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 2.2 micron APS, 80 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 470m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g, Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 120 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g, Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 70 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 500m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g, Silica gel, HPLC/UHPLC grade, spherical, 1.6 micron APS, 110 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g, Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 20 micron APS, 150 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 270m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g, Silica gel, technical grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), 60??, 230-400 mesh particle size, Ca 0.1-0.3 %, Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size, Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder & fluorescent indicator,12 Micron APS,S.A. 500-600m2/g,60A,pH 6.5-7.5, Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder, 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6-7, Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, without binder, with fluorescent indic., 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6.5-7.5, Silica gel, TLC high-purity grade, 5-25 mum, pore size 60 ??, with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, 99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,42 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 45 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether).

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), is an anti-caking substance, used for clarification and stabilisation.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is the chemical formula of a group of inorganic polymers where each silicon atom is surrounded by 4 tetrahedrally arranged oxygen atoms.

The average stoichiometric composition of the compound is SiO2.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is found in nature in three forms: crystalline, polymorphic and various amorphous or microcrystalline forms.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is obtained by acidifying a solution of sodium silicate in water.

Unstable silicic acid is formed, which on removal of water forms a colloidal solution from which hydrated SiO2 precipitates.
The substance occurs as translucent granules or as a powder with a porous surface and pores of various sizes.
After drying Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) contains 4% water.

The adsorption capacity of silica gel varies according to how the gel is obtained, according to the concentration of the solution from which it was precipitated or according to the reaction temperature or pH of the wash water.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is considered safe for consumption in regulated amounts.
It's important to note that Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is a naturally occurring compound and is found in many forms, including as quartz, sand, and certain types of rocks.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.
In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand.
Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product.

Notable examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, silica gel, and aerogels.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in structural materials, microelectronics, and components in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), also known as silica or SiO2, is a naturally occurring compound.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)'s made of silicon and oxygen.
Both elements are abundant on our planet.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is an amorphous substance, produced either synthetically or by a vapour-phase hydrolysis process, yielding pyrogenic silica.

The dry process produces silica precipitate, silica gel or hydrated silica.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is mainly obtained in the anhydrous state, while the other products in the wet process are obtained as hydrates or contain water absorbed at the surface.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), or silica, is a combination of silicon and oxygen, two very abundant, naturally occurring materials.

There are many forms of silica.
They all have the same makeup but may have a different name, depending on how the particles arrange themselves.
In general, there are two groups of silica: crystalline silica and amorphous silica.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is found naturally in the ground and in our bodies.
There isn’t evidence that it’s dangerous to ingest it through food, but inhaling its dust particles could lead to lung problems.
Silica is a common additive in food production (E551), where it is used primarily as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to adsorb water in hygroscopic applications.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as an anti-caking agent in powdered foods such as spices and non-dairy coffee creamer.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is the primary component of diatomaceous earth.
Colloidal silica is also used as a wine, beer, and juice fining agent.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), also known as silica, is a natural compound made of two of the earth’s most abundant materials: silicon (Si) and oxygen (O2).
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is most often recognized in the form of quartz.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s found naturally in water, plants, animals, and the earth.

The earth’s crust is 59 percent silica.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) makes up more than 95 percent of known rocks on the planet.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s even found naturally in the tissues of the human body.

Though it’s unclear what role it plays, it’s thought to be an essential nutrient our bodies need.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is primarily used as an anti-caking agent to prevent the clumping or sticking together of particles in powdered or granulated food products.
This helps maintain the free-flowing nature of these products.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is naturally present in many food items, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and certain beverages.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is a common component of the Earth's crust and is found in various forms, such as sand and quartz.
In the food industry, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) may be used in different physical forms, including amorphous (non-crystalline) and crystalline.

The choice of form depends on its intended use and the properties required in the final food product.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) has been evaluated by food safety authorities, and it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with approved limits.
Regulatory bodies set specific limits on the amount of E551 that can be added to food products.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) has various industrial applications beyond the food industry.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and as a desiccant (moisture-absorbing agent).
Additionally, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) finds applications in the production of glass, ceramics, and as a carrier for certain flavors or active ingredients.

Particle size can influence the performance of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) in terms of its anti-caking properties and other functionalities.
In pharmaceutical products, silica aids powder flow when tablets are formed. In cosmetics, it's useful for its light-diffusing properties and natural absorbency.
Hydrated silica is used in toothpaste as a hard abrasive to remove tooth plaque.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) works as an anti-caking agent, and manufacturers add small amounts to some foods, cosmetics, and more to prevent products from clumping and binding together.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is mostly obtained by mining, including sand mining and purification of quartz.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is suitable for many purposes, while chemical processing is required to make a purer or otherwise more suitable (e.g. more reactive or fine-grained) product.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), also known as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is widely used in food products as a thickener, anticaking agent, and carrier for fragrances and flavors.

Derived from naturally occurring quartz, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is the most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s also naturally found in water and plant-based foods, especially cereals like oats, barley and rice.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) should not be confused with silicone, a plastic material that contains silicon and other chemicals used to make breast implants, medical tubing and other medical devices.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is a compound that’s naturally found in the earth’s crust in a crystalline state.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can be obtained from mining and purifying quart.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is also found in some organisms and animals, the human body (it’s a component of human ligaments, cartilage and musculature), plus some plants (especially grains) and in drinking water.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s created in labs and used as a common food additive, found in things like baking ingredients, protein powders and dried spices.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) has a variety of uses in industries ranging from food and cosmetics to construction and electronics.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is a food additive authorized as an anti-caking agent.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)'s a nanomaterial, like titanium dioxide dye (E171), which EFSA has recently re-evaluated for toxicity.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) goes by the common name silica.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s also sometimes referred to as silicic anhydride or silicate.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) comes in several forms, depending on how it’s manufactured, including:
Crystalline silica, which is usually obtained from mining quartz.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) actually comprises a high percentage of the Earth’s crust, so this type is widely available.

This isn’t the form used in foods and can be problematic when inhaled over long periods of time.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), found in the earth’s sediments and rocks.
This also forms diatomite, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) or diatomaceous earth, which is made from deposits that accumulate over time in the sediment of rivers, streams, lakes and oceans.

This is the type most often used as an anti-caking agent to keep powdered foods free-flowing and to prevent moisture absorption.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), which is used in tablet-making.
This type is found in supplements because it has anti-caking, adsorbent, disintegrant and glidant effects.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is the most abundant mineral on earth and can be found naturally in many plants.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is synthetically obtained from a vapor-phase hydrolysis reaction producing fumed silica.
Another process to obtain synthetic Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is through a wet process to form hydrous silica.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), is a colorless crystalline substance with a high level of hardness and strength.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) does not react with water and is resistant to acids.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is generally insoluble in water and organic solvents.

This insolubility is one of the reasons Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as an anti-caking agent, as it remains in its particulate form, preventing the formation of clumps in dry products.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is chemically inert, meaning it does not react with other substances in the food.
This makes it suitable for use in a wide range of products without affecting the taste or chemical composition of the food.

Some forms of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) may exist in hydrated or colloidal forms.
These hydrated forms may have specific applications in different industries, including food and beverages.
In some cases, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) may be used in combination with other anti-caking agents or additives to achieve synergistic effects, enhancing the overall anti-caking performance.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a flow agent and to improve the compressibility of certain drugs during tablet manufacturing.
In food products, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is often listed on ingredient labels as "silica" or "Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)."
The specific particle size and form may also be indicated, especially in cases where different forms are available for specific applications.

Ongoing research in materials science and nanotechnology may lead to the development of new forms or applications of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), both in the food industry and other sectors.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is artificially produced amorphous Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), also known as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS).
Over the decades, two production methods (wet chemical and pyrogenic) have become established, for which the resulting E 551 products are chemically identical.

The food additive is available for downstream processing as a powder or a granulate.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is important to note here that E 551 is not what is known as colloidal silica, which is a liquid with extremely finely divided nanoparticles.
In the majority of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)s, the silicon atom shows tetrahedral coordination, with four oxygen atoms surrounding a central Si atom (see 3-D Unit Cell).

Thus, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) forms 3-dimensional network solids in which each silicon atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to 4 oxygen atoms.
In contrast, CO2 is a linear molecule.
The starkly different structures of the dioxides of carbon and silicon are a manifestation of the double bond rule.

Based on the crystal structural differences, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can be divided into two categories: crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous).
In the form of crystalline, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can be found naturally occurring as quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, stishovite, and coesite.
On the other hand, amorphous silica can be found in nature as opal, infusorial earth and diatomaceous earth.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) glass is the form of intermediate state between this structure.
All of this distinct crystalline forms always have the same local structure around Si and O.
In α-quartz the Si–O bond length is 161 pm, whereas in α-tridymite it is in the range 154–171 pm.

The Si–O–Si angle also varies between a low value of 140° in α-tridymite, up to 180° in β-tridymite. In α-quartz, the Si–O–Si angle is 144°.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as a defoamer component.
In its capacity as a refractory, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is useful in fiber form as a high-temperature thermal protection fabric.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in the extraction of DNA and RNA due to its ability to bind to the nucleic acids under the presence of chaotropes.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) was used in the Stardust spacecraft to collect extraterrestrial particles.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), when cooled as fused quartz into a glass with no true melting point, can be used as a glass fibre for fibreglass.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is a relatively inert material (hence its widespread occurrence as a mineral).
Silica is often used as inert containers for chemical reactions.
At high temperatures, it is converted to silicon by reduction with carbon.

Fluorine reacts with Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) to form SiF4 and O2 whereas the other halogen gases (Cl2, Br2, I2) are unreactive.
Most forms of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) are attacked ("etched") by hydrofluoric acid (HF) to produce hexafluorosilicic acid:
SiO2 + 6 HF → H2SiF6 + 2 H2O

Stishovite does not react to HF to any significant degree.
HF is used to remove or pattern Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) in the semiconductor industry.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) acts as a Lux–Flood acid, being able to react with bases under certain conditions.

As it does not contain any hydrogen, non-hydrated silica cannot directly act as a Brønsted–Lowry acid.
While Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is only poorly soluble in water at low or neutral pH (typically, 2 × 10−4 M for quartz up to 10−3 M for cryptocrystalline chalcedony), strong bases react with glass and easily dissolve it.
Therefore, strong bases have to be stored in plastic bottles to avoid jamming the bottle cap, to preserve the integrity of the recipient, and to avoid undesirable contamination by silicate anions.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) reacts in heated reflux under dinitrogen with ethylene glycol and an alkali metal base to produce highly reactive, pentacoordinate silicates which provide access to a wide variety of new silicon compounds.
The silicates are essentially insoluble in all polar solvent except methanol.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is currently regarded as a safe food additive when used following the appropriate levels to obtain the desired effect on the food product, and never exceeding the 2% limit.

However, authorities in the EU are reviewing potential hazardous effects of its nanoparticles.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), also known as silica, silicic acid or silicic acid anydride is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.
In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand.

Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as synthetic product.
Notable examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, silica gel, and aerogels.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in structural materials, microelectronics -as an electrical insulator-, and as components in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica is toxic and can lead to severe inflammation of the lung tissue, silicosis, bronchitis, lung cancer, and systemic autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Uptake of amorphous Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), in high doses, leads to non-permanent short-term inflammation, where all effects heal.
Sinofi is a leading Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) supplier and manufacturer in China.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)hydrofluoric.
Sinofi is a reliable Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) supplier and manufacturer in China.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is commonly manufactured through the high-temperature melting and cooling of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)-rich rocks or minerals, such as quartz or sand.

In the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, the typical manufacture of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) occurs via a synthetic process, creating the compound from silica gel or sodium silicate.
These processes vary based on the final application for Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent).
For example, in the food and beverage industry, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) may undergo additional processing to ensure it meets regulatory requirements for safety and purity.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) also known as silica, is a natural compound made of two of the earth’s most abundant materials: silicon (Si) and oxygen [O2].
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is most often recognized in the form of quartz.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s found naturally in water, plants, animals, and the earth.

The earth’s crust is 59% silica. It makes up more than 95 percent of known rocks on the planet.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) in the form of sand that gets between toes.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s even found naturally in the tissues of the human body.

Though it’s unclear what role it plays, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s thought to be an essential nutrient our bodies need.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is also added to many foods and supplements.
As a food additive, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) serves as an anti-caking agent to avoid clumping.

In supplements, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)'s used to prevent the various powdered ingredients from sticking together.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) and Hydrated Silica are used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products including bath products, eye makeup, hair care products, makeup, nail care products, oral hygiene products and skin care products.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), is one of the most abundant materials on earth, available as White powder.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is widely used as flow agent in powdered foods and fining agent in wine, beer, and juice.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries with E number E551.
As a professional supplier and manufacturer of food additives, Foodchem International Corporation has been supplying quality Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) to customers all over the world for over 10 years.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is the most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust, because sand is composed of silica.
This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for specialized applications.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, commonly found in nature as quartz.

In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is abundant as it comprises several minerals and synthetic products.
All forms are white or colorless, although impure samples can be colored.

In the context of food, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)'s commonly used as an anti-caking agent, where it helps prevent the formation of lumps or clumps in powdered or granulated food products.
This property makes Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) useful in various food items such as salt, spices, and powdered drink mixes.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) occurs almost everywhere on earth.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is one of the most important and abundant oxides on earth, constituting about 60% weight of the earth’s crust as silica itself or in combination with other metal oxides in silicates.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) commonly is found as sand in the vast ocean and river shores, their beds, deserts, rocks, and minerals.

Melting point: >1600 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
refractive index: 1.46
Flash point: 2230°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid. It dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
form: suspension
pka: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
Specific Gravity: 2.2
color: White to yellow
PH: 5-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 6: forms irreversible hydrate
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8493
Exposure limits NIOSH: IDLH 3000 mg/m3; TWA 6 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is the most stable form of solid SiO2 at room temperature.
The high-temperature minerals, cristobalite and tridymite, have both lower densities and indices of refraction than Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent).
The transformation from α-quartz to beta-quartz takes place abruptly at 573 °C.

Since the transformation is accompanied by a significant change in volume, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can easily induce fracturing of ceramics or rocks passing through this temperature limit.
The high-pressure minerals, seifertite, stishovite, and coesite, though, have higher densities and indices of refraction than Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent).
Stishovite has a rutile-like structure where silicon is 6-coordinate.

The density of stishovite is 4.287 g/cm3, which compares to Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), the densest of the low-pressure forms, which has a density of 2.648 g/cm3.
The difference in density can be ascribed to the increase in coordination as the six shortest Si–O bond lengths in stishovite (four Si–O bond lengths of 176 pm and two others of 181 pm) are greater than the Si–O bond length (161 pm) in Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent).
The change in the coordination increases the ionicity of the Si–O bond.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), another polymorph, is obtained by the dealumination of a low-sodium, ultra-stable Y zeolite with combined acid and thermal treatment.
The resulting product contains over 99% silica, and has high crystallinity and specific surface area (over 800 m2/g).
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) has very high thermal and acid stability.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) maintains a high degree of long-range molecular order or crystallinity even after boiling in concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Molten Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) exhibits several peculiar physical characteristics that are similar to those observed in liquid water: negative temperature expansion, density maximum at temperatures ~5000 °C, and a heat capacity minimum.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is density decreases from 2.08 g/cm3 at 1950 °C to 2.03 g/cm3 at 2200 °C.

Even though it is poorly soluble, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) occurs in many plants such as rice.
Plant materials with high Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) phytolith content appear to be of importance to grazing animals, from chewing insects to ungulates.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) accelerates tooth wear, and high levels of silica in plants frequently eaten by herbivores may have developed as a defense mechanism against predation.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can be found in products such as toothpaste, skin creams, and powders.
In cosmetics, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is often used as an abrasive agent in toothpaste or as a thickening agent in lotions and creams.

Apart from its use in tablet manufacturing, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is also employed in pharmaceuticals as a desiccant.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) helps in preserving the quality of medications by preventing moisture absorption, which can degrade the stability of certain drugs.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), particularly in mesoporous forms like SBA-15, is used as a support material for catalysts in various chemical processes.

The high surface area and well-defined pores of SBA-15 make it suitable for catalytic applications.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) nanoparticles, especially in the nanometer range, have gained attention in materials science.
They are explored for applications in nanocomposites, sensors, and as carriers for drug delivery due to their unique properties at the nanoscale.

Single crystal substrates of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) are used in optics and electronics.
These substrates provide a high-quality surface for the deposition of other materials, making them essential in the production of various electronic devices.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) sols, prepared using the sol-gel process, have applications in coatings, films, and as a precursor for glass and ceramics.

The sol-gel process allows for the formation of thin films with controlled properties.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), due to its absorbent properties, is used in industrial applications for drying gases and liquids.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is employed in systems where the removal of moisture is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and integrity of processes.

Ongoing research in nanotechnology involves exploring new forms and applications of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) nanoparticles for their unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is also the primary component of rice husk ash, which is used, for example, in filtration and as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in cement and concrete manufacturing.
For well over a 1000 million years, silicification in and by cells has been common in the biological world.

In the modern world, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) occurs in bacteria, single-celled organisms, plants, and animals (invertebrates and vertebrates).
Tests or frustules (i.e. shells) of diatoms, Radiolaria, and testate amoebae.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) in the cells of many plants, including Equisetaceae, practically all grasses, and a wide range of dicotyledons.

The spicules forming the skeleton of many sponges.
Crystalline minerals formed in the physiological environment often show exceptional physical properties (e.g., strength, hardness, fracture toughness) and tend to form hierarchical structures that exhibit microstructural order over a range of scales.
The minerals are crystallized from an environment that is undersaturated concerning Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), and under conditions of neutral pH and low temperature (0–40 °C).

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is the primary ingredient in the production of most glass.
As other minerals are melted with Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), the principle of freezing point depression lowers the melting point of the mixture and increases fluidity.
The glass transition temperature of pure SiO2 is about 1475 K.

When molten Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) SiO2 is rapidly cooled, it does not crystallize, but solidifies as a glass.
Because of this, most ceramic glazes have silica as the main ingredient.
The structural geometry of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) and oxygen in glass is similar to that in quartz and most other crystalline forms of silicon and oxygen with silicon surrounded by regular tetrahedra of oxygen centres.

The difference between the glass and crystalline forms arises from the connectivity of the tetrahedral units: Although there is no long-range periodicity in the glassy network ordering remains at length scales well beyond the SiO bond length.
One example of this ordering is the preference to form rings of 6-tetrahedra.
The majority of optical fibers for telecommunication are also made from silica.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is a primary raw material for many ceramics such as earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain.
The solubility of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) in water strongly depends on its crystalline form and is three to four times higher for silica than quartz; as a function of temperature, it peaks around 340 °C (644 °F).
This property is used to grow single crystals of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) in a hydrothermal process where natural quartz is dissolved in superheated water in a pressure vessel that is cooler at the top.

These crystals are a source of very pure quartz for use in electronic applications.
Above the critical temperature of water 647.096 K (373.946 °C; 705.103 °F) and a pressure of 22.064 megapascals (3,200.1 psi) or higher, water is a supercritical fluid and solubility is once again higher than at lower temperatures.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is an occupational hazard for people who do sandblasting or work with products that contain powdered crystalline silica.

Amorphous Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), such as fumed silica, may cause irreversible lung damage in some cases but is not associated with the development of silicosis.
Children, asthmatics of any age, those with allergies, and the elderly (all of whom have reduced lung capacity) can be affected in less time.
In the food and beverage industry, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is an anti-caking agent preventing powders and granulated products from clumping.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is also a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in products like salad dressings, sauces, and soft drinks.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is approved as a food additive in the UK by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and is considered safe for human consumption.
For Pharmaceutical Industry applications, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is an excipient (binds active ingredients) in medications.

Additionally, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as a desiccant to absorb moisture and prevent spoilage in medications and dietary supplements.
The use of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) in pharmaceuticals is regulated in the UK and must meet certain quality and safety standards.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is also used in cosmetic products in the UK as an abrasive in toothpaste and exfoliating scrubs, as well as a thickener and anti-caking agent.

Industrial applications use Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) as a reinforcing filler in rubber and plastic products and a polishing agent in the production of glass and ceramics.
Amorphous non-porous Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in the food industry as an auxiliary substance E551, which prevents caking and clumping, in parapharmaceuticals (toothpastes), in the pharmaceutical industry as an auxiliary substance (included in most pharmacopoeias), to stabilize suspensions and liniments, as a thickener for ointments bases, fillers for tablets and suppositories.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is part of the composition of filling materials, reduces the hygroscopicity of dry extracts, slows down the release of biologically active substances from various dosage forms; as food additives and sorbents, as well as matrices for creating dosage forms with desired properties - since there is no crystal structure (amorphene), and also as a food additive or drug as an enterosorbent Polysorb MP with a wide range of applications, taking into account high specific sorption surface (in the range of 300-400 m²) per 1 g of the basic substance.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) E551 can be used as flow agent in food such as in cheese, fat spreads, confectionery, dried vegetables.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) E551 maintain the strength and density of bones, thus reducing the risk of diseases like arthritis and osteoarthritis in pharmaceutical.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is obtained like silica gel by acidifying an aqueous solution of sodium silicate.
Precipitated silica is used as filler in rubber for automobile tires and reinforcement particulate in elastomers, and as a flatting agent in paints and coatings for improving the flatness of coatings.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) for high technology applications uses isopiestic vapour distillation from concentrated volatile acids and is absorbed in high purity water.
The impurities remain behind.
Preliminary cleaning to remove surface contaminants uses dip etching in HF or a mixture of HCl, H2O2 and deionised water [Phelan & Powell Analyst 109 1299 1984].

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), amorphous is a noncombustible solid.
Generally unreactive chemically.
Incompatible with fluorine, oxygen difluoride, chlorine trifluoride.

Soluble in molten alkalis and reacts with most metallic oxides at high temperature.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is found in plants and drinking water, it is safe.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is known that the silicon we consume through diet does not accumulate in the body, it is eliminated by the kidneys.

There is no evidence so far that the additive Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) used in current quantities in the food and pharmaceutical industry is toxic.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) occurs widely in nature. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) give an idea to just how common this compound is.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is easiest to recognize by its common name, quartz, which makes up about 12% of the earth’s crust.
However, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) also occurs naturally in everything from water and plants to animals.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) sand covers many beaches, and it makes up most of the rocks on earth.
In fact, silica-containing minerals or silica itself make up more than 95% of the earth’s crust.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is also added to many foods and supplements.

As a food additive, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) serves as an anticaking agent to avoid clumping.
In supplements, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s used to prevent the various powdered ingredients from sticking together.
As with many food additives, consumers often have concerns about Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) as an additive. However, numerous studies suggest there’s no cause for these concerns.

Uses:
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), either colloidal, precipitated, or pyrogenic fumed, is a common additive in food production.
In the construction industry, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can be used as an additive in concrete to improve its strength and durability.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is sometimes used in water treatment processes for the removal of impurities.

In chromatography, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is commonly used as a stationary phase for separating and purifying chemical compounds.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) gel with specific particle sizes and binders is used in TLC for separating and analyzing mixtures.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) gel with defined pore sizes and particle sizes is employed in flash chromatography for rapid separation of compounds.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)-grade silica gel in spherical form is utilized as a stationary phase in HPLC columns for high-resolution liquid chromatography.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) gel with larger particle sizes is used in preparative chromatography for the purification of larger quantities of compounds.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is commonly found in desiccant packs used to absorb moisture in packaging for products like electronics, leather goods, and food.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), with well-defined pore sizes, is employed in catalysts, adsorbents, and in various applications in materials science.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) nanoparticles find applications in targeted drug delivery, imaging agents, and as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in optical coatings, providing anti-reflective properties and enhancing the performance of lenses and mirrors.

As a reinforcing filler in rubber and plastic industries, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) improves the mechanical properties and durability of the materials.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) nanoparticles are researched for potential applications in enhanced oil recovery and as additives for drilling fluids.
Silica nanoparticles are used in paints and coatings to enhance scratch resistance, durability, and provide a smoother finish.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as a thickening agent in adhesives and sealants, improving their viscosity and performance.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as an abrasive in various applications, including in the polishing of lenses, glass, and other surfaces.
Silica nanoparticles are explored for applications in imaging, diagnostics, and drug delivery in the biomedical field.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can be used in water purification processes to remove impurities and contaminants.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)-based materials are studied for potential use in fuel processing and fuel cell technologies.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used primarily as a flow or anti-caking agent in powdered foods such as spices and non-dairy coffee creamer, or powders to be formed into pharmaceutical tablets.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can adsorb water in hygroscopic applications.
Colloidal silica is used as a fining agent for wine, beer, and juice, with the E number reference Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent).
In cosmetics, silica is useful for its light-diffusing properties[33] and natural absorbency.

Diatomaceous earth, a mined product, has been used in food and cosmetics for centuries.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) consists of the silica shells of microscopic diatoms; in a less processed form it was sold as "tooth powder".
Manufactured or mined hydrated silica is used as the hard abrasive in toothpaste.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) exist as white, fluffy powders that are produced through a wet process, yielding silica or silica gel, or a thermal route, yielding pyrogenic (fumed) silica.
In powdered foods, the silica clings to the particles of the foods and prevents them from clumping.
This allows powdery products to remain free-flowing, and other products easy to separate.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) also functions as a defoaming agent, carrier, conditioning agent, chillproofing agent in malt beverages (like beer) and filter aid.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s also used to manufacture materials such as adhesives and paper for food-packaging materials.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in permitted finished products, taking into account the relevant limitations, in accordance with the regulations in the Turkish Food Codex Regulation on Food Additives and vertical communiqués.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is commonly used as an anti-caking agent in food products.
The morphology and the dimension of the added silica particles are not, however, usually stated on the food product label.
The food industry has adapted nanotechnology using engineered nanoparticles to improve the quality of their product.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) E551 can be used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products, Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to absorb water in hygroscopic applications.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is often used in cheese, fat spreads, confectionery, dried vegetables, etc.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) E551 is a dioxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as a anti-caking agent, carrier, and dispersant that can absorb 120% of its weight and remain a free flowing substance.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in a wide variety of products such as salt, flour, powdered soups, coffee, vanilla powder, baking powder, dried egg yolk, and tortilla chips.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as an anti-caking agent in powdered and granulated foods, preventing clumping and improving flowability.
In pharmaceuticals, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is often used as a glidant or flow agent in the manufacturing of tablets.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) helps in the uniform distribution of ingredients and improves the flow of the powder.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can be used as a thickening agent in lotions, creams, and powders in the cosmetic industry.
In toothpaste, it serves as an abrasive agent for cleaning teeth.
Mesoporous forms of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), such as SBA-15, are used as support materials for catalysts in various chemical processes.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) nanoparticles find applications in nanocomposites, sensors, and drug delivery systems due to their unique properties at the nanoscale.
Single Crystal Substrates: Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) single crystal substrates are used in electronics and optics as a high-quality surface for depositing other materials in the production of electronic devices.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as a desiccant to absorb moisture, preserving the quality and stability of pharmaceuticals and certain food products.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) sols, prepared through the sol-gel process, are used in coatings, films, and as precursors for glass and ceramics.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is employed in various industrial processes for drying gases and liquids due to its absorbent properties.
Ongoing research explores new forms and applications of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) nanoparticles in areas such as electronics, optics, and materials science.

Silica is also known as Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent).
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can also function as an abrasive.

In addition, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel.
Spherical silica is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight.
A typical claim associated with silica is oil control.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations.
Functionalized RAFT agent for controlled radical polymerization; especially suited for the polymerization of styrene; acrylate and acrylamide monomers.

Azide group can be used to conjugate to a variety of alkyne-functionalized biomolecules.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur).
This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes.

They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings.
They are relatively expensive.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed.

Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications.
Synthetic Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)s are used as a rheology control agent in plastics.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones.

Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) comes from the fact that it is an absorbent with a high capacity to retain vapours, gases or even various impurities present in some food products.
For example, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used in beer because it absorbs the high molecular proteins responsible for clouding the finished product.
This treatment does not affect foam stability, colour or taste of the product.

The additive is also used in some food products as a carrier for colours and antifoams as well as a drying agent.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is used as an anti-caking agent to avoid lumps.
In dietary supplements, this additive is used to prevent various ingredients from sticking together in powder form.

Manufacturers use silica to make everything from glass to cement, but it also has a use in the food industry as an additive and anticaking agent.
This type of food additive prevents foods from caking or sticking together in clumps.
This may help ensure a Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent)’s shelf life, protect against the effects of moisture, and keep powdered ingredients from sticking together and helping them flow smoothly.

About 95% of the commercial use of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) occurs in the construction industry, e.g. for the production of concrete (Portland cement concrete).
Certain deposits of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) sand, with desirable particle size and shape and desirable clay and other mineral content, were important for sand casting of metallic products.
The high melting point of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) enables it to be used in such applications such as iron casting; modern sand casting sometimes uses other minerals for other reasons.

Safety Profile:
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) in normal doses, such as the small amounts that manufacturers put in food products to prevent caking.
The pure unaltered form is considered a nuisance dust.
Some deposits contain small amounts of crystahne quartz and are therefore fibrogenic.

When diatomaceous earth is calcined (with or without fluxing agents) some sdica is converted to cristobalite and is therefore fibrogenic.
Tridymite has never been detected in calcined batomaceous earth.
Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) ingested orally is essentially nontoxic, with an LD50 of 5000 mg/kg (5 g/kg).

A 2008 study following subjects for 15 years found that higher levels of silica in water appeared to decrease the risk of dementia.
An increase of 10 mg/day of silica in drinking water was associated with a decreased risk of dementia of 11%.
Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica dust can lead to silicosis, bronchitis, or lung cancer, as the dust becomes lodged in the lungs and continuously irritates the tissue, reducing lung capacities.

When fine silica particles are inhaled in large enough quantities (such as through occupational exposure), it increases the risk of systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis compared to expected rates in the general population.
Diatomaceous earth is used as a filtering agent and as a filler in construction materials, pesticides, paints, and varnishes.
The calcined version (which has been heat treated) is the most dangerous and contains crystallized silica, and should be handled as silica.

Side effects and risks of Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent):
Some researchers have called for further investigation into the types of silica that find their way into food products.

These include nanoparticles, which are silica particles that are much smaller than most of the particles that occur in nature.
The concern is that these tiny particles could reach different areas of the body and even get into the cells themselves.
Many food additives tend to raise concerns from people who want to be aware of what they are eating, and Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is no different.

Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica can lead to severe inflammation of the lung tissue, silicosis, bronchitis, lung cancer, and systemic autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Inhalation of amorphous Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent), in high doses, leads to non-permanent short-term inflammation, where all effects heal.
While the name may seem unfamiliar, Silicon Dioxide (anticaking agent) is a natural compound. Many studies suggest that there is no cause for concern when people are consuming Silicon



SILICON DIOXIDE (E551)
Silicon Dioxide (E551) occurs almost everywhere on earth.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is one of the most important and abundant oxides on earth, constituting about 60% weight of the earth’s crust as silica itself or in combination with other metal oxides in silicates.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) commonly is found as sand in the vast ocean and river shores, their beds, deserts, rocks, and minerals.

CAS: 7631-86-9
MF: O2Si
MW: 60.08
EINECS: 231-545-4

Synonyms
SILICA GEL 60 PF254 FOR PREPARATIVE LAYE;LICHROSORB SI 100 (10 MYM) 10 G;TLC-SILICA GEL 60 GF254 MEAN PARTICLE SI;LICHROSORB SI 100 (10 MYM) 100 G;SEA SAND EXTRA PURE 5 KG;SILICA GEL 60 GF254 FOR THIN-LAYER CHROM;SILICA GEL 60 PF254 + 366 FOR PREPARATIV;SEA SAND EXTRA PURE 25 KG
SILICON DIOXIDE;Silica;Dioxosilane;Quartz;7631-86-9;Silica gel;Cristobalite;Silicic anhydride;Tridymite;14808-60-7;Sand;112945-52-5;61790-53-2;112926-00-8;KIESELGUHR;Diatomaceous silica;Wessalon;Aerosil;Silicon(IV) oxide;Zorbax sil;60676-86-0;Silica, amorphous;14464-46-1;Dicalite;Ludox;Nyacol;Amorphous silica;QUARTZ (SIO2);Cristobalite (SiO2);Cab-O-sil;Sillikolloid;Extrusil;Santocel;Sipernat;Superfloss;Acticel;Carplex;Neosil;Neosyl;Porasil;Silikil;Siloxid;Zipax;Aerosil-degussa;Silicon oxide;Aerosil 380;Synthetic amorphous silica;Quartz sand;Rose quartz;Silica particles;91053-39-3;Cab-o-sil M-5;Silica, fumed;Snowtex O;Silica, colloidal;Tokusil TPLM;Dri-Die;SILICA, VITREOUS;Manosil vn 3;Colloidal silicon dioxide;Ultrasil VH 3;Ultrasil VN 3;Aerosil bs-50;Carplex 30;Carplex 80;Snowtex 30;Zeofree 80;Aerosil K 7;Cabosil N 5;Syton 2X;Amorphous silica gel;Positive sol 232;Siliziumdioxid;Aerogel 200;Aerosil 300;Chalcedony;Diatomite;Ludox hs 40;Silanox 101;Silica (SiO2);Vitasil 220;Agate;Positive sol 130M;Silica vitreous;Silicon dioxide (amorphous);Aerosil A 300;Aerosil E 300;Aerosil M-300;colloidal silica;Fused silica;Quartz glass;Silica slurry;Silicon dioxide, fumed;Silicone dioxide;68855-54-9;Nalfloc N 1050;Quso 51;Silica, amorphous fused;Nalco 1050;Quso G 30;Hydrophobic silica 2482;Kieselsaeureanhydrid;Min-U-Sil;15468-32-3;SiO2;CCRIS 3699;Silica Gel, 40-63 Micron Particles;Silica aerogel;(SiO2)n;UNII-ETJ7Z6XBU4;ETJ7Z6XBU4;Silicon Dioxide, Amorphous;Silica 2482, hydrophobic;Silicon dioxide, chemically prepared;EINECS 231-545-4;CAB-O-SIL N-70TS;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605;CI 7811;Aerosil 200;99439-28-8

Silicon Dioxide (E551) exists in several structural forms: polymorphic crystalline silica, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica.
This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for specialized applications.
A silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.
The additive Silicon Dioxide (E551), silicon dioxide, is an anti-caking substance, used for clarification and stabilisation.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is the chemical formula of a group of inorganic polymers where each silicon atom is surrounded by 4 tetrahedrally arranged oxygen atoms.
The average stoichiometric composition of the compound is SiO2.

Silicon Dioxide (E551) is obtained by acidifying a solution of sodium silicate in water.
Unstable silicic acid is formed, which on removal of water forms a colloidal solution from which hydrated SiO2 precipitates.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) occurs as translucent granules or as a powder with a porous surface and pores of various sizes.
After drying Silicon Dioxide (E551) contains 4% water.
The adsorption capacity of silica gel varies according to how the gel is obtained, according to the concentration of the solution from which Silicon Dioxide (E551) was precipitated or according to the reaction temperature or pH of the wash water.

The need to use silicon dioxide comes from the fact that Silicon Dioxide (E551) is an absorbent with a high capacity to retain vapours, gases or even various impurities present in some food products.
For example, Silicon Dioxide (E551) is used in beer because it absorbs the high molecular proteins responsible for clouding the finished product.
This treatment does not affect foam stability, colour or taste of the product.
The additive is also used in some food products as a carrier for colours and antifoams as well as a drying agent.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is used as an anti-caking agent to avoid lumps.
In dietary supplements, this additive is used to prevent various ingredients from sticking together in powder form.

Silicon Dioxide (E551), also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, commonly found in nature as quartz.
In many parts of the world, Silicon Dioxide (E551) is the major constituent of sand.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is abundant as it comprises several minerals and synthetic products.
All forms are white or colorless, although impure samples can be colored.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is a common fundamental constituent of glass.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is a compound that is also known as silica.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is the most common and abundant mineral in the earth's crust, making up about 27% of it by weight.

Silicon Dioxide (E551) has thermodynamic properties that are similar to those of glass, and can be used as an additive to glass to reduce its tendency to break.
In vitro assays have shown that Silicon Dioxide (E551) inhibits the growth of human cancer cells without damaging normal cells.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) has been shown to have antioxidant properties and may help combat autoimmune diseases by reducing oxidative stress.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) also has high values for water vapor permeability and redox potential, which make it useful in gas-sensing applications.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is often used in ceramic glazes and varnishes due to its durability, chemical inertness, thermal stability, electrical insulation properties, and low cost.

Silicon Dioxide (E551) Chemical Properties
Melting point: >1600 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
Refractive index: 1.46
Fp: 2230°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid. It dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
Form: suspension
pka: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
Specific Gravity: 2.2
Color: White to yellow
PH: 5-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Resistivity: 1∞10*20 (ρ/μΩ.cm)
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 6: forms irreversible hydrate
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Crystal Structure: Trigonal
Merck: 14,8493
Exposure limits NIOSH: IDLH 3000 mg/m3; TWA 6 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
CAS DataBase Reference: 7631-86-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Silicon Dioxide (E551)(7631-86-9)
IARC: 3 (Vol. Sup 7, 68) 1997
EPA Substance Registry System: Silicon Dioxide (E551) (7631-86-9)

Silicon Dioxide (E551) is a transparent to gray, odorless amorphous powder.
Amorphous silica, the noncrystalline form of SiO2, is a transparent to gray, odorless, amorphous powder.

Physical properties
Colorless amorphous (i.e., fused silica) or crystalline (i.e., quartz) material having a low thermal expansion coefficient and excellent optical transmittance in far UV.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is insoluble in strong mineral acids and alkalis except HF, concentrated H3PO4, NH4 HF2 , concentrated alkali metal hydroxides.
Owing to Silicon Dioxide (E551)'s good corrosion resistance to liquid metals such as Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ga, In, Tl, Rb, Bi, and Cd, it is used as crucible container for melting these metals, while silica is readily attacked in an inert atmosphere by molten metals such as Li, Na, K Mg, and Al.
Quartz crystals are piezoelectric and pyroelectric.
Maximum service temperature 1090°C.

Structure
In the majority of silicon dioxides, the silicon atom shows tetrahedral coordination, with four oxygen atoms surrounding a central Si atom (see 3-D Unit Cell).
Thus, SiO2 forms 3-dimensional network solids in which each silicon atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to 4 oxygen atoms.
In contrast, CO2 is a linear molecule.
The starkly different structures of the dioxides of carbon and silicon are a manifestation of the double bond rule.

Based on the crystal structural differences, silicon dioxide can be divided into two categories: crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous).
In the form of crystalline, Silicon Dioxide (E551) can be found naturally occurring as quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, stishovite, and coesite.
On the other hand, amorphous silica can be found in nature as opal, infusorial earth and diatomaceous earth.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is the form of intermediate state between this structure.

All of this distinct crystalline forms always have the same local structure around Si and O.
In α-quartz the Si–O bond length is 161 pm, whereas in α-tridymite it is in the range 154–171 pm.
The Si–O–Si angle also varies between a low value of 140° in α-tridymite, up to 180° in β-tridymite.
In α-quartz, the Si–O–Si angle is 144°.

Uses
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is also known as silicone dioxide.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) can also function as an abrasive.
In addition, Silicon Dioxide (E551) can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight.
A typical claim associated with silica is oil control.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations.

Silicon Dioxide (E551) has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations.
Functionalized RAFT agent for controlled radical polymerization; especially suited for the polymerization of styrene; acrylate and acrylamide monomers.
Azide group can be used to conjugate to a variety of alkyne-functionalized biomolecules.
SDS mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting chiefly of sodium lauryl sulfate
Silica (SiO2) (RI: 1.48) is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur).
This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes.
They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings.
They are relatively expensive.
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed.

Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications.
Synthetic silicon dioxides are used as a rheology control agent in plastics.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones.
manufacture of glass, water glass, refractories, abrasives, ceramics, enamels; decolorizing and purifying oils, petroleum products, etc.; in scouring- and grinding-compounds, ferrosilicon, molds for castings; as anticaking and defoaming agent.

Silicon Dioxide (E551) is used as a dehumidifying desiccant, a dehydrating agent, a moisture barrier, and an air humidity regulator.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is also used for the drying of gases.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is also used as a catalyst and a cutting body of a catalyst, a reinforcing agent for silicone rubber, and a sizing agent used in the textile industry.
A masking film and a protective layer for impurity diffusion in transistors and integrated circuits.
As a filler used in epoxy casting, optical fibers, coatings and other fields.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) can also be used in the manufacture of glass, emission spectrum analysis reagent, and the control of antimony concentration in the production of antimony in solid state circuit.

Agricultural Uses
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is silicon dioxide, one of the most abundant materials on the earth's crust.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is an example of silica.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is used as a filler in fertilizers, and also, in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, abrasives, rubber and cosmetics.

Structural use
About 95% of the commercial use of Silicon Dioxide (E551) occurs in the construction industry, e.g. for the production of concrete (Portland cement concrete).
Certain deposits of Silicon Dioxide (E551), with desirable particle size and shape and desirable clay and other mineral content, were important for sand casting of metallic products.
The high melting point of silica enables Silicon Dioxide (E551) to be used in such applications such as iron casting; modern sand casting sometimes uses other minerals for other reasons.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is used in hydraulic fracturing of formations which contain tight oil and shale gas.

Food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications
Silicon Dioxide (E551), either colloidal, precipitated, or pyrogenic fumed, is a common additive in food production.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is used primarily as a flow or anti-caking agent in powdered foods such as spices and non-dairy coffee creamer, or powders to be formed into pharmaceutical tablets.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) can adsorb water in hygroscopic applications.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is used as a fining agent for wine, beer, and juice, with the E number reference E551.
In cosmetics, silica is useful for Silicon Dioxide (E551)'s light-diffusing properties and natural absorbency.
Diatomaceous earth, a mined product, has been used in food and cosmetics for centuries.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) consists of the silica shells of microscopic diatoms; in a less processed form it was sold as "tooth powder".
Manufactured or mined hydrated silica is used as the hard abrasive in toothpaste.

Water solubility
The solubility of silicon dioxide in water strongly depends on its crystalline form and is three to four times higher for silica than quartz; as a function of temperature, it peaks around 340 °C (644 °F).
This property is used to grow single crystals of quartz in a hydrothermal process where natural quartz is dissolved in superheated water in a pressure vessel that is cooler at the top.
Crystals of 0.5–1 kg can be grown for 1–2 months.
These crystals are a source of very pure quartz for use in electronic applications.
Above the critical temperature of water 647.096 K (373.946 °C; 705.103 °F) and a pressure of 22.064 megapascals (3,200.1 psi) or higher, water is a supercritical fluid and solubility is once again higher than at lower temperatures.

Health Effects
Silica ingested orally is essentially nontoxic, with an LD50 of 5000 mg/kg (5 g/kg).
A 2008 study following subjects for 15 years found that higher levels of silica in water appeared to decrease the risk of dementia.
An increase of 10 mg/day of Silicon Dioxide (E551) in drinking water was associated with a decreased risk of dementia of 11%.

Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica dust can lead to silicosis, bronchitis, or lung cancer, as the dust becomes lodged in the lungs and continuously irritates the tissue, reducing lung capacities.
When fine silica particles are inhaled in large enough quantities (such as through occupational exposure), Silicon Dioxide (E551) increases the risk of systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis compared to expected rates in the general population.

Purification Methods
Purification of silica for high technology applications uses isopiestic vapour distillation from concentrated volatile acids and is absorbed in high purity water.
The impurities remain behind.
Preliminary cleaning to remove surface contaminants uses dip etching in HF or a mixture of HCl, H2O2 and deionised water.

Production
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is mostly obtained by mining, including sand mining and purification of quartz.
Silicon Dioxide (E551) is suitable for many purposes, while chemical processing is required to make a purer or otherwise more suitable (e.g. more reactive or fine-grained) product.
SILICON DIOXIDE, E551
Silicon dioxide, E551, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, commonly found in nature as quartz.
In many parts of the world, Silicon dioxide, E551 is the major constituent of sand.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is abundant as it comprises several minerals and synthetic products.

CAS: 7631-86-9
MF: O2Si
MW: 60.08
EINECS: 231-545-4

Synonyms
SILICA GEL 60 PF254 FOR PREPARATIVE LAYE;LICHROSORB SI 100 (10 MYM) 10 G;TLC-SILICA GEL 60 GF254 MEAN PARTICLE SI;LICHROSORB SI 100 (10 MYM) 100 G;SEA SAND EXTRA PURE 5 KG;SILICA GEL 60 GF254 FOR THIN-LAYER CHROM;SILICA GEL 60 PF254 + 366 FOR PREPARATIV;SEA SAND EXTRA PURE 25 KG
SILICON DIOXIDE;Silica;Dioxosilane;Quartz;7631-86-9;Silica gel;Cristobalite;Tridymite;14808-60-7;Silicic anhydride;112945-52-5;61790-53-2;Sand;112926-00-8;KIESELGUHR;Aerosil;Diatomaceous silica;Wessalon;60676-86-0;Silicon(IV) oxide;Zorbax sil;14464-46-1;Silica, amorphous;QUARTZ (SIO2);Dicalite;Ludox;Nyacol;Amorphous silica;Cristobalite (SiO2);Cab-O-sil;SILICA, VITREOUS;Sillikolloid;Extrusil;Santocel;Sipernat;Superfloss;Acticel;Carplex;Neosil;Neosyl
;Porasil;Silikil;Siloxid;91053-39-3;Zipax;Aerosil-degussa;Silicon oxide;Aerosil 380;Synthetic amorphous silica;Quartz sand;Rose quartz;Silica particles;Cab-o-sil M-5;Silica, fumed;Snowtex O;Silica, colloidal;Tokusil TPLM;Dri-Die;68855-54-9;Manosil vn 3;Colloidal silicon dioxide
;Ultrasil VH 3;Ultrasil VN 3;Aerosil bs-50;Carplex 30;Carplex 80;Snowtex 30;Zeofree 80;Aerosil K 7;Cabosil N 5;Syton 2X;Amorphous silica gel;Positive sol 232;Siliziumdioxid;Aerogel 200
;Aerosil 300;Chalcedony;Diatomite;Ludox hs 40;Silanox 101;Silica (SiO2);Vitasil 220
;Agate;Positive sol 130M;Silica vitreous;Silicon dioxide (amorphous);Aerosil A 300;Aerosil E 300;Aerosil M-300;colloidal silica;Fused silica;Quartz glass;Silica slurry;Silicon dioxide, fumed;Silicone dioxide;Nalfloc N 1050;Quso 51;Silica, amorphous fused;Nalco 1050;Quso G 30
;15468-32-3;Hydrophobic silica 2482;Kieselsaeureanhydrid;Min-U-Sil;SiO2
;CCRIS 3699;Silica Gel, 40-63 Micron Particles;Silica aerogel;(SiO2)n;UNII-ETJ7Z6XBU4
;ETJ7Z6XBU4;Silicon Dioxide, Amorphous;Silica 2482, hydrophobic;Silicon dioxide, chemically prepared;15723-40-7;EINECS 231-545-4;CAB-O-SIL N-70TS;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605
;CI 7811;Aerosil 200;13778-37-5;99439-28-8;CHEBI:30563;AI3-25549;Crystalline silica;N1030
;U 333;Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh;Silicon dioxide, colloidal;ENT 25,550;[SiO2]
;Silica, crystalline - fused;Silicagel;Silica gel, pptd.,cryst.-free;13778-38-6
;17679-64-0;Christensenite;Crystoballite;Silica gel desiccant, indicating;Celite

All forms are white or colorless, although impure samples can be colored.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is a common fundamental constituent of glass.
Silicon dioxide, E551 occurs almost everywhere on earth.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is one of the most important and abundant oxides on earth, constituting about 60% weight of the earth’s crust as silica itself or in combination with other metal oxides in silicates.
Silicon dioxide, E551 commonly is found as sand in the vast ocean and river shores, their beds, deserts, rocks, and minerals.
Silicon dioxide, E551 exists in several structural forms: polymorphic crystalline silica, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica.
This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for specialized applications.
Silicon dioxide, E551, the noncrystalline form of SiO2, is a transparent to gray, odorless, amorphous powder.
A Silicon dioxide, E551 made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.

Silica is another name for the chemical compound composed of silicon and oxygen with the chemical formula SiO2, or Silicon dioxide, E551.
There are many forms of silica.
All silica forms are identical in chemical composition, but have different atom arrangements.
Silica compounds can be divided into two groups, crystalline (or c-silica) and amorphous silica (a-silica or non-crystalline silica).
c-Silica compounds have structures with repeating patterns of silicon and oxygen.
Silicon dioxide, E551 structures are more randomly linked when compared to c-silica.
All forms of Silicon dioxide, E551 are odorless solids composed of silicon and oxygen atoms.
Silicon dioxide, E551 particles become suspended in air and form non-explosive dusts.
Silicon dioxide, E551 may combine with other metallic elements and oxides to form silicates.

Structure
In the majority of silicon dioxides, the silicon atom shows tetrahedral coordination, with four oxygen atoms surrounding a central Si atom (see 3-D Unit Cell).
Thus, Silicon dioxide, E551 forms 3-dimensional network solids in which each silicon atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to 4 oxygen atoms.
In contrast, CO2 is a linear molecule.
The starkly different structures of the dioxides of carbon and silicon are a manifestation of the double bond rule.
Based on the crystal structural differences, Silicon dioxide, E551 can be divided into two categories: crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous).
In crystalline form, Silicon dioxide, E551 can be found naturally occurring as quartz, tridymite (high-temperature form), cristobalite (high-temperature form), stishovite (high-pressure form), and coesite (high-pressure form).
On the other hand, Silicon dioxide, E551 can be found in nature as opal and diatomaceous earth.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is the form of intermediate state between this structure.

All of this distinct crystalline forms always have the same local structure around Si and O.
In α-quartz the Si–O bond length is 161 pm, whereas in α-tridymite Silicon dioxide, E551 is in the range 154–171 pm.
The Si–O–Si angle also varies between a low value of 140° in α-tridymite, up to 180° in β-tridymite.
In α-quartz, the Si–O–Si angle is 144°.

Polymorphism
Alpha quartz is the most stable form of solid SiO2 at room temperature.
The high-temperature minerals, cristobalite and tridymite, have both lower densities and indices of refraction than quartz.
The transformation from α-quartz to beta-quartz takes place abruptly at 573 °C.
Since the transformation is accompanied by a significant change in volume, Silicon dioxide, E551 can easily induce fracturing of ceramics or rocks passing through this temperature limit.
The high-pressure minerals, seifertite, stishovite, and coesite, though, have higher densities and indices of refraction than quartz.
Stishovite has a rutile-like structure where silicon is 6-coordinate.
The density of stishovite is 4.287 g/cm3, which compares to α-quartz, the densest of the low-pressure forms, which has a density of 2.648 g/cm3.

The difference in density can be ascribed to the increase in coordination as the six shortest Si–O bond lengths in stishovite (four Si–O bond lengths of 176 pm and two others of 181 pm) are greater than the Si–O bond length (161 pm) in α-quartz.
The change in the coordination increases the ionicity of the Si–O bond.
Faujasite silica, another polymorph, is obtained by the dealumination of a low-sodium, ultra-stable Y zeolite with combined acid and thermal treatment.
The resulting product contains over 99% silica, and has high crystallinity and specific surface area (over 800 m2/g).
Faujasite-silica has very high thermal and acid stability.
For example, Silicon dioxide, E551 maintains a high degree of long-range molecular order or crystallinity even after boiling in concentrated hydrochloric acid.

Molten SiO2
Molten silica exhibits several peculiar physical characteristics that are similar to those observed in liquid water: negative temperature expansion, density maximum at temperatures ~5000 °C, and a heat capacity minimum.
Silicon dioxide, E551's density decreases from 2.08 g/cm3 at 1950 °C to 2.03 g/cm3 at 2200 °C.

Molecular SiO2
The molecular SiO2 has a linear structure like CO2.
Silicon dioxide, E551 has been produced by combining silicon monoxide (SiO) with oxygen in an argon matrix.
The dimeric Silicon dioxide, E551, (SiO2)2 has been obtained by reacting O2 with matrix isolated dimeric silicon monoxide, (Si2O2).
In dimeric silicon dioxide there are two oxygen atoms bridging between the silicon atoms with an Si–O–Si angle of 94° and bond length of 164.6 pm and the terminal Si–O bond length is 150.2 pm.
The Si–O bond length is 148.3 pm, which compares with the length of 161 pm in α-quartz.
The bond energy is estimated at 621.7 kJ/mol.

Silicon dioxide, E551 Chemical Properties
Melting point: >1600 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
Refractive index: 1.46
Fp: 2230°C
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid.
Silicon dioxide, E551 dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
Form: suspension
pka: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
Specific Gravity: 2.2
Color: White to yellow
PH: 5-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Resistivity: 1∞10*20 (ρ/μΩ.cm)
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 6: forms irreversible hydrate
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Crystal Structure: Trigonal
Merck: 14,8493
Exposure limits NIOSH: IDLH 3000 mg/m3; TWA 6 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
CAS DataBase Reference: 7631-86-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Silicon(iv) oxide(7631-86-9)
IARC: 3 (Vol. Sup 7, 68) 1997
EPA Substance Registry System: Silica (7631-86-9)

Physical properties
Colorless amorphous (i.e., fused silica) or crystalline (i.e., quartz) material having a low thermal expansion coefficient and excellent optical transmittance in far UV.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is insoluble in strong mineral acids and alkalis except HF, concentrated H3PO4, NH4 HF2, concentrated alkali metal hydroxides.
Owing to its good corrosion resistance to liquid metals such as Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Ga, In, Tl, Rb, Bi, and Cd, Silicon dioxide, E551 is used as crucible container for melting these metals, while Silicon dioxide, E551 is readily attacked in an inert atmosphere by molten metals such as Li, Na, K Mg, and Al.
Quartz crystals are piezoelectric and pyroelectric.
Maximum service temperature 1090°C.

Uses
Silicon dioxide, E551 is also known as silicone dioxide.
Silicon dioxide, E551 has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency.
Silicon dioxide, E551 can also function as an abrasive.
In addition, Silicon dioxide, E551 can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel.
Spherical Silicon dioxide, E551 is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight.
A typical claim associated with silica is oil control.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations.

Silicon dioxide, E551 has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations.
Functionalized RAFT agent for controlled radical polymerization; especially suited for the polymerization of styrene; acrylate and acrylamide monomers.
Azide group can be used to conjugate to a variety of alkyne-functionalized biomolecules.
Silicon dioxide, E551 mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates consisting chiefly of sodium lauryl sulfate
Silicon dioxide, E551 is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur).
This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes.
They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings.
They are relatively expensive.

Silicon dioxide, E551, amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed.
Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications.
Synthetic Silicon dioxide, E551's are used as a rheology control agent in plastics.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones.
manufacture of glass, water glass, refractories, abrasives, ceramics, enamels; decolorizing and purifying oils, petroleum products, etc.; in scouring- and grinding-compounds, ferrosilicon, molds for castings; as anticaking and defoaming agent.

Structural use
About 95% of the commercial use of Silicon dioxide, E551 (sand) occurs in the construction industry, e.g. for the production of concrete (Portland cement concrete).
Certain deposits of silica sand, with desirable particle size and shape and desirable clay and other mineral content, were important for sand casting of metallic products.
The high melting point of silica enables Silicon dioxide, E551 to be used in such applications such as iron casting; modern sand casting sometimes uses other minerals for other reasons.
Crystalline silica is used in hydraulic fracturing of formations which contain tight oil and shale gas.

Precursor to glass and silicon
Silicon dioxide, E551 is the primary ingredient in the production of most glass.
As other minerals are melted with silica, the principle of freezing point depression lowers the melting point of the mixture and increases fluidity.
The glass transition temperature of pure SiO2 is about 1475 K.
When molten silicon dioxide SiO2 is rapidly cooled, Silicon dioxide, E551 does not crystallize, but solidifies as a glass.
Because of this, most ceramic glazes have silica as the main ingredient.
The structural geometry of silicon and oxygen in glass is similar to that in quartz and most other crystalline forms of silicon and oxygen with silicon surrounded by regular tetrahedra of oxygen centres.

The difference between the glass and crystalline forms arises from the connectivity of the tetrahedral units: Although there is no long-range periodicity in the glassy network ordering remains at length scales well beyond the SiO bond length.
One example of this ordering is the preference to form rings of 6-tetrahedra.
The majority of optical fibers for telecommunication are also made from silica.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is a primary raw material for many ceramics such as earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is used to produce elemental silicon.
The process involves carbothermic reduction in an electric arc furnace:

SiO2+2C⟶Si+2CO

Fumed silica
Fumed silica, also known as pyrogenic silica, is prepared by burning SiCl4 in an oxygen-rich hydrogen flame to produce a "smoke" of SiO2.

SiCl4+2H2+O2⟶SiO2+4HCl

Silicon dioxide, E551 can also be produced by vaporizing quartz sand in a 3000 °C electric arc.
Both processes result in microscopic droplets of amorphous silica fused into branched, chainlike, three-dimensional secondary particles which then agglomerate into tertiary particles, a white powder with extremely low bulk density (0.03-0.15 g/cm3) and thus high surface area.
The particles act as a thixotropic thickening agent, or as an anti-caking agent, and can be treated to make them hydrophilic or hydrophobic for either water or organic liquid applications.

Silicon dioxide, E551 is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production.
Silicon dioxide, E551 consists of amorphous (non-crystalline) spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 150 nm, without the branching of the pyrogenic product.
The main use is as pozzolanic material for high performance concrete.
Fumed silica nanoparticles can be successfully used as an anti-aging agent in asphalt binders.

Food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications
Silica, either colloidal, precipitated, or pyrogenic fumed, is a common additive in food production.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is used primarily as a flow or anti-caking agent in powdered foods such as spices and non-dairy coffee creamer, or powders to be formed into pharmaceutical tablets.
Silicon dioxide, E551 can adsorb water in hygroscopic applications.
Colloidal silica is used as a fining agent for wine, beer, and juice, with the E number reference E551.
In cosmetics, silica is useful for its light-diffusing properties and natural absorbency.
Diatomaceous earth, a mined product, has been used in food and cosmetics for centuries.
Silicon dioxide, E551 consists of the silica shells of microscopic diatoms; in a less processed form it was sold as "tooth powder".
Manufactured or mined hydrated silica is used as the hard abrasive in toothpaste.

Agricultural Uses
Silicon dioxide, E551 is silicon dioxide, one of the most abundant materials on the earth's crust.
Quartz is an example of silica.
Silicon dioxide, E551 is used as a filler in fertilizers, and also, in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, abrasives, rubber and cosmetics.

Purification Methods
Purification of silica for high technology applications uses isopiestic vapour distillation from concentrated volatile acids and is absorbed in high purity water.
The impurities remain behind.
Preliminary cleaning to remove surface contaminants uses dip etching in HF or a mixture of HCl, H2O2 and deionised water.

Production
Silicon dioxide, E551 is mostly obtained by mining, including sand mining and purification of quartz.
Quartz is suitable for many purposes, while chemical processing is required to make a purer or otherwise more suitable (e.g. more reactive or fine-grained) product.

Precipitated Silica
Precipitated silica or Silicon dioxide, E551 is produced by the acidification of solutions of sodium silicate.
The gelatinous precipitate or silica gel, is first washed and then dehydrated to produce colorless microporous silica.
The idealized equation involving a trisilicate and sulfuric acid is:

Na2Si3O7 + H2SO4 -> 3 SiO2 + Na2SO4 + H2O
Approximately one billion kilograms/year (1999) of silica were produced in this manner, mainly for use for polymer composites – tires and shoe soles.

On microchips
Thin films of silica grow spontaneously on silicon wafers via thermal oxidation, producing a very shallow layer of about 1 nm or 10 Å of so-called native oxide.
Higher temperatures and alternative environments are used to grow well-controlled layers of Silicon dioxide, E551 on silicon, for example at temperatures between 600 and 1200 °C, using so-called dry oxidation with O2 or wet oxidation with H2O.

Si + O2 -> SiO2
Si + 2 H2O -> SiO2 + 2 H2

The native oxide layer is beneficial in microelectronics, where Silicon dioxide, E551 acts as electric insulator with high chemical stability.
Silicon dioxide, E551 can protect the silicon, store charge, block current, and even act as a controlled pathway to limit current flow.

Health Effects
Silica ingested orally is essentially nontoxic, with an LD50 of 5000 mg/kg (5 g/kg).
A 2008 study following subjects for 15 years found that higher levels of silica in water appeared to decrease the risk of dementia.
An increase of 10 mg/day of silica in drinking water was associated with a decreased risk of dementia of 11%.

Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica dust can lead to silicosis, bronchitis, or lung cancer, as the dust becomes lodged in the lungs and continuously irritates the tissue, reducing lung capacities.
When fine silica particles are inhaled in large enough quantities (such as through occupational exposure), Silicon dioxide, E551 increases the risk of systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis compared to expected rates in the general population.

Occupational hazard
Silicon dioxide, E551 is an occupational hazard for people who do sandblasting or work with products that contain powdered crystalline silica.
Silicon dioxide, E551, such as fumed silica, may cause irreversible lung damage in some cases but is not associated with the development of silicosis.
Children, asthmatics of any age, those with allergies, and the elderly (all of whom have reduced lung capacity) can be affected in less time.

Silicon dioxide, E551 is an occupational hazard for those working with stone countertops, because the process of cutting and installing the countertops creates large amounts of airborne silica.
Silicon dioxide, E551 used in hydraulic fracturing presents a health hazard to workers.

Pathophysiology
In the body, crystalline silica particles do not dissolve over clinically relevant periods.
Silicon dioxide, E551 inside the lungs can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome inside macrophages and dendritic cells and thereby result in production of interleukin, a highly pro-inflammatory cytokine in the immune system.
SILICONE

Silicone is not a single chemical compound but rather a class of synthetic materials that contain silicon, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes other elements.
Silicones are polymers, meaning they consist of repeating units of smaller molecules called monomers.
The backbone of silicone polymers is typically composed of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, with organic groups (such as methyl or phenyl groups) attached to the silicon atoms.

CAS Number: 63148-62-9
EC Number: 687-578-3

Polydimethylsiloxane, Siloxane polymer, Silicone rubber, Silsesquioxane, Silicone oil, Dimethicone, Polysiloxane, Organosiloxane, Silanol, Methylphenylsiloxane, Trimethylsiloxy, Cyclomethicone, Silazane, Polymethylhydrosiloxane, Vinylsilicone, Silica gel, Silicone adhesive, Alkylsiloxane, Phenyltrimethicone, Dimethiconol, Silicone sealant, Polyethylsiloxane, Silsesquioxane resin, Silicone grease, Polytetramethylsiloxane, Silica fume, Fluorosilicone, Silane coupling agent, Siloxane crosslinker, Silicone surfactant, Hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, Silicone elastomer, Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Silsesquioxane nanoparticle, Silicone resin, Silazane polymer, Silicone defoamer, Aminopropyltriethoxysilane, Silicone emulsion, Silsesquioxane cage, Silane-modified polymer, Silicone defoaming agent, Methoxysilane, Siloxane coupling agent, Silicone softener, Silica nanoparticle, Vinyltrimethoxysilane, Silicone release agent, Silsesquioxane nanocomposite, Polymethylsilsesquioxane, Silicone rubber sheet, Silazane precursor, Silane-functionalized polymer, Polyphenylsilsesquioxane, Silicone caulk, Siloxane oligomer, Dimethylsilicone, Silsesquioxane hybrid, Silicone defoaming additive, Silica-filled silicone, SILICONE OIL DC 200, ~500 MPA.S, SILICONE OIL DC 200, ~100 MPA.S, SILICONE OIL DC 200, ~1000 MPA.S, DiMethyl silicone oil (201grade), SILICONE OIL DC 200, ~30000 MPA.S, SILICONE OIL DC 200, ~60000 MPA.S, Silicone oilPoly(dimethylsiloxane), Silicone oil viscosity 5 cSt (25 C), ETHYL ACETATE PESTINORM SUPRA TRACE, SILICONE OIL, FOR MP & BP APPARATUS, Silicone oil viscosity 50 cSt (25 C), Silicone oil viscosity 20 cSt (25 C), Silicone oil viscosity 10 cSt (25 C), Silicone oil viscosity 100 cSt (25 C), Silicone oil viscosity 500 cSt (25 C), Silicone oil viscosity 350 cSt (25 C), SILICON OIL 550 FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY, Silicone oil viscosity 1,000 cSt (25 C), METHYLENE BLUE CHLORIDE 3H2O REAGENT GR, SILICONE OIL, FOR OIL BATHS UP TO 180 C, SILICONE OIL DC 200, ~350 MPA.S, FOR GC, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE) 200 FLUID &, Silicone oil viscosity 30,000 cSt (25 C), Silicone oil viscosity 10,000 cSt (25 C), Silicone oil DC 200,Polydimethylsiloxane, Silicone liquid, for heating baths, pure, Silicone oil viscosity 100,000 cSt (25 C), 2,2,4,4-TETRAMETHYL-3-OXA-2,4-DISILAPENTANE, SILICONE OIL, HIGH TEMPERATURE, FOR OIL BATHS, Dimethyl siloxane: (Syltherm XLT: Silicone 360), Silicone oil, for oil baths, range -40 to +200°C, Silicone oil viscosity ~60,000 mPa.s, neat(25 C), SILICONE OIL, FOR OIL BATHS FROM -50 C TO +200 C, Silicone Oil, for oil baths, Type No. H201-350, 250℃, Polydimethylsiloxane, trimethylsiloxy terminated, 1.5 cSt, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 5 CENTISTOKES, Silicone oil, for oil baths, usable range from -40 to +200°C, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 10 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 50 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 20 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 350 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 500 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 100 CENTISTOKES, Silicone oil, for melting point and boiling point apparatuses, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 1,000 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 30,000 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 60,000 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 10,000 CENTISTOKES, POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE), 200 FLUID, VISCOSITY 12,500 CENTISTOKES, Silicone oil



APPLICATIONS


Silicone is widely used in the manufacturing of silicone rubber, employed in various products such as gaskets, seals, and O-rings.
In the medical field, silicone is used to produce implants like breast implants and medical tubing due to its biocompatibility.
Silicone oil serves as a heat transfer fluid in applications where high temperatures are encountered, such as in cooking and industrial processes.

Silicone sealants are commonly used in construction for waterproofing and providing durable seals around windows and doors.
Silicone-based adhesives find applications in electronics for bonding components due to their thermal stability and flexibility.
Silicone polymers are utilized in the production of silicone coatings, providing protective and weather-resistant layers on surfaces.

Silicone elastomers are employed in the manufacturing of flexible and durable molds for casting various materials.
Cyclomethicone, a cyclic silicone, is used in personal care products like hair sprays and lotions for its lightweight and smooth texture.

Silicone emulsions are applied in textile finishing to enhance fabric softness and provide a smooth feel.
Silicone surfactants improve the stability and performance of emulsions, often used in the formulation of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Silicone greases are used as lubricants in mechanical systems, providing long-lasting and stable lubrication.

Silsesquioxane resins are used as modifiers in plastics, enhancing their mechanical and thermal properties.
Silicone release agents are applied in mold release processes to prevent sticking and facilitate easy demolding.

Silica gel, derived from silicones, is widely used as a desiccant to control moisture levels in various products.
Silicone defoamers are used in industries like food processing and wastewater treatment to control foam formation during processes.
Silane coupling agents are employed in composites to enhance the adhesion between silicone and other materials.
Hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane is used in the synthesis of silicone elastomers and coatings.

Fluorosilicone is employed in aerospace applications due to its resistance to fuels, lubricants, and extreme temperatures.
Silicone adhesives are used in the assembly of electronic components and the bonding of medical devices.
Polymethylhydrosiloxane is used as a crosslinker in silicone elastomers and as a reducing agent in chemical reactions.

Vinylsilicone polymers are used in the production of high-performance coatings with excellent adhesion and flexibility.
Silicone softeners in textile processing impart a soft and smooth feel to fabrics.
Silicone nanoparticles find applications in drug delivery systems and medical imaging.

Silicone caulk is commonly used in household applications for sealing gaps and joints in kitchens and bathrooms.
Polytetramethylsiloxane is used in the production of silicone fluids and resins, finding applications in various industries.

Silicone rubber is extensively used in the automotive industry for seals, gaskets, and components due to its resilience and temperature resistance.
Silicone-based paints and coatings are employed for their durability and resistance to weathering, making them suitable for outdoor applications.

Siloxane polymers contribute to the development of advanced materials such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and optical coatings.
Silicone adhesives are utilized in the assembly of solar panels, providing strong bonds and weather resistance.
Silicone emulsions find applications in the textile industry for fabric softeners and finishing agents to improve the feel and appearance of garments.

Silicone elastomers are used in the production of baby bottle nipples and pacifiers due to their soft and safe characteristics.
In the food industry, silicone is used in baking molds, kitchen utensils, and food storage containers due to its non-stick and heat-resistant properties.

Silicone-based lubricants are employed in the maintenance of machinery and equipment in various industries, reducing friction and wear.
Silane coupling agents are utilized in the reinforcement of composite materials, enhancing their mechanical properties.
Silicone surfactants find applications in the agricultural sector, improving the spread and adherence of crop protection products.
Silicone gels are used in the production of wound dressings and scar treatments in the medical field due to their soft and conformable nature.

Silicone waxes are applied in the formulation of personal care products like lipsticks and skincare items for their smooth texture.
Polymethylsilsesquioxane is used in cosmetics to provide a soft focus effect in foundations and powders.

Silica-filled silicone compounds are employed in electrical insulation applications for their dielectric properties.
Silicone resins find use in the aerospace industry for their ability to withstand high temperatures and harsh environmental conditions.
Silicone defoaming additives are utilized in the paper and pulp industry to control foam during the papermaking process.
Silicone hydrogels are commonly used in the production of contact lenses due to their oxygen permeability and comfort.

Silicone-based coatings are applied to fabrics to make them water-resistant, commonly used in outdoor clothing and equipment.
Silicone rubber keypad switches are widely used in electronic devices like remote controls and keyboards for their durability.
Siloxane polymers are crucial in the development of insulating materials for high-voltage applications in the electrical industry.

Silicone-based inks are used in the printing industry for their adhesion to various substrates and resistance to fading.
Silicone foam is employed in cushioning materials for automotive and industrial applications due to its lightweight and shock-absorbing properties.
Silicone nanoparticles are explored for their potential applications in targeted drug delivery systems in biomedical research.

Silicone mold-making materials are widely used in art and crafts for casting sculptures, figurines, and other detailed objects.
Silicone-based anti-fouling coatings are applied to marine surfaces to prevent the growth of marine organisms, improving fuel efficiency for boats and ships.

Silicone hydrogel contact lenses are popular for their ability to allow more oxygen to reach the cornea, enhancing comfort during extended wear.
Silicone-based printing rollers are used in the graphic arts industry for their durability and resistance to ink absorption.
Silicone adhesives and sealants are applied in the construction of aquariums, providing a strong and waterproof bond.

Siloxane polymers play a role in the creation of optical fibers, contributing to efficient data transmission in telecommunications.
Silicone-coated bakeware is widely used in baking due to its non-stick properties and even heat distribution.
Silicone rubber keypads are commonly found in consumer electronics such as TV remotes and game controllers for tactile feedback.

In the automotive sector, silicone-based antifreeze and coolant formulations are used to prevent engine overheating.
Silicone-based lubricants are applied in the maintenance of plastic and rubber components, preventing deterioration and maintaining flexibility.

Silicone emulsions are used in the agricultural industry to enhance the efficiency of pesticides and herbicides.
Silicone gels are utilized in the production of prosthetic devices and breast implants for their soft and natural feel.

Silica-filled silicone compounds are used in the manufacturing of high-voltage insulators for power transmission.
Silicone surfactants contribute to the production of polyurethane foams, improving cell structure and performance.
Silicone elastomers are employed in the fabrication of automotive components, such as gaskets and seals, due to their resilience.

Silicone-based defoamers are crucial in the production of paints and coatings to prevent foam formation and ensure a smooth finish.
Silane coupling agents enhance the adhesion of silicone sealants to various substrates in construction applications.
Silicone-based release agents are used in the production of molded plastic and rubber products to facilitate easy demolding.

Silicone adhesives find applications in the aerospace industry for bonding and sealing aircraft components.
Silicone waxes are used in the formulation of polishes for cars and furniture, providing a glossy and protective finish.
Silicone resins are employed in the electronics industry for encapsulating and protecting sensitive electronic components.

Silicone rubber sheets are utilized as vibration dampeners in industrial machinery to reduce noise and absorb shocks.
Polymethylsilsesquioxane is used in the formulation of high-performance coatings for electronic devices to enhance durability.

Silicone defoaming agents are applied in the fermentation process of beer and wine production to control foam.
Silicone-based lubricants are used in the textile industry to reduce friction and enhance the performance of sewing machines.

Silica nanoparticles derived from silicones find applications in the development of advanced drug delivery systems.
Silicone-based materials are employed in the creation of flexible and stretchable electronics for wearable devices and sensors.



DESCRIPTION


Silicone is not a single chemical compound but rather a class of synthetic materials that contain silicon, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sometimes other elements.
Silicones are polymers, meaning they consist of repeating units of smaller molecules called monomers.
The backbone of silicone polymers is typically composed of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, with organic groups (such as methyl or phenyl groups) attached to the silicon atoms.

Silicones are known for their unique properties, which include flexibility, heat resistance, water repellency, and low surface tension.
These characteristics make silicones useful in a wide range of applications, including sealants, lubricants, adhesives, medical implants, and various consumer products.
The versatility of silicones arises from the ability to tailor their properties by adjusting the chemical structure and molecular weight of the polymer.

Silicone is a versatile and synthetic material with a wide range of applications.
Known for its flexibility, silicone is often used in the production of rubber-like materials.

Silicone polymers typically consist of repeating silicon and oxygen units in their backbone.
Dimethicone, a type of silicone, is commonly found in skincare products for its smoothing properties.
Silicone rubber is highly resistant to extreme temperatures, making it suitable for various industrial uses.

Siloxane polymers, a class of silicone compounds, have a unique chemical structure.
Silicone oil is a lightweight and transparent fluid that is used in lubrication and as a heat transfer medium.

Silsesquioxane resins are employed in coatings, adhesives, and as modifiers for plastics.
Silicone sealants are popular for their durability and weather-resistant properties.
Polydimethylsiloxane, a common silicone, is used in the production of silicone rubber and silicone oil.
Cyclomethicone is a cyclic silicone compound often found in personal care products.

Silicone adhesives create strong bonds and are resistant to moisture and temperature changes.
Silicone emulsions are stable mixtures of silicone oil and water, used in various applications.
Silicone elastomers exhibit excellent elasticity and are used in the manufacturing of medical implants.

Vinylsilicone polymers have vinyl groups attached to the silicone backbone, enhancing their versatility.
Silica gel, containing silicon and oxygen, is known for its high adsorption capacity.

Silicone surfactants are used to stabilize emulsions and improve the spreadability of formulations.
Silicone grease is a lubricating material that remains stable over a wide range of temperatures.
Fluorosilicone combines the properties of silicone with the chemical resistance of fluorocarbons.

Silicone defoamers are additives that control foam formation in various industrial processes.
Silane coupling agents improve adhesion between silicone and other materials in composite applications.

Hydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane is a silicone with reactive hydroxyl groups at its ends.
Silicone softeners are commonly used in textile finishing to impart softness and smoothness.

Silica nanoparticles, often derived from silicones, find applications in nanotechnology and materials science.
Silicone caulk is a popular sealant for its flexibility and durability in both indoor and outdoor applications.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Formula: C6H18OSi2
MOL File: 63148-62-9.mol
Molecular Weight: 162.38
Appearance: Viscous colorless liquid
Melting Point: -59 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 101 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.963 g/mL at 25 °C
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor Pressure: Refractive Index: n20/D 1.377 (lit.)
Flash Point: 33 °F
Storage Temperature: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Sparingly), Toluene (Sparingly)
Form: Oily Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Specific Gravity: 0.853
Odor: Odorless
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Water Solubility: Practically insoluble



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If silicone dust or fumes are inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, move the person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with liquid silicone or silicone-containing products, remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with soap and water.
If irritation or allergic reaction occurs, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

If silicone comes into contact with the eyes, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Ingestion:

If someone ingests silicone or a silicone-containing product, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious.
Seek medical attention.


General Advice:

If someone shows signs of allergic reactions, such as rash, itching, or difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide first aid measures while waiting for medical assistance if needed.
Keep the affected person calm and reassure them.
If there is uncertainty about the exposure or if symptoms are severe, seek prompt medical advice.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves and eye protection, especially when handling concentrated silicone products or in industrial settings.

Ventilation:
Use in well-ventilated areas to prevent the buildup of vapors or fumes, especially if working with liquid silicone or products that may release volatile components.

Avoidance of Contamination:
Prevent contamination of silicone materials by keeping tools, containers, and equipment clean and free of foreign substances.

Temperature Considerations:
Some silicones may have temperature-sensitive properties.
Follow the manufacturer's guidelines regarding the recommended temperature range for handling.

Avoiding Skin Contact:
Minimize skin contact, especially with uncured silicone products.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Use of Tools:
When applying silicone sealants or adhesives, use appropriate tools for uniform application. Follow recommended curing times before subjecting the material to stress.


Storage:

Temperature and Humidity:
Store silicone materials within the recommended temperature range specified by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.
Keep storage areas dry to prevent moisture absorption, especially for certain silicone products.

Separation from Incompatible Substances:
Store silicone away from substances that may react with or degrade the material.
This includes avoiding contact with strong acids, bases, and certain metals.

Container Integrity:
Ensure that containers used for storing silicone are in good condition, properly sealed, and labeled with relevant information.

Avoiding Sunlight Exposure:
Some silicone materials may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to sunlight.
Store in a dark or opaque container or in an area protected from direct sunlight.

Curing and Shelf Life:
Be aware of the shelf life of silicone products, especially if they have a limited time for effective use or if they have a defined curing period.

Segregation from Food and Pharmaceuticals:
Keep silicone products, especially those with additives, away from areas where food, pharmaceuticals, or other sensitive products are stored.
SILICONE ACRYLATE
Silicone acrylate is a hybrid material formed by the reaction of silicone and acrylic monomers.
Silicone acrylate is a type of copolymer with both silicone and acrylic functionalities.
The exact composition and properties of silicone acrylate can vary depending on the specific monomers used in the synthesis process.



APPLICATIONS


Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of printed circuit boards due to its excellent electrical insulation properties.
The use of silicone acrylate in coatings for building materials such as roofing and siding provides excellent weather resistance and UV stability.

Silicone acrylate is used in the production of release liners for pressure-sensitive adhesives due to its non-stick properties.
The unique properties of silicone acrylate make it an ideal material for the production of flexible electronic devices such as wearables and bendable screens.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of contact lenses provides excellent oxygen permeability and improved comfort for wearers.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of automotive parts such as gaskets and seals due to its excellent resistance to oil and fuel.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of aerospace components provides excellent resistance to extreme temperatures and harsh chemicals.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of LED light diffusers due to its high light transmission properties.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of packaging materials provides excellent moisture barrier properties, ensuring the contents stay fresh.

Silicone acrylate is used in the production of anti-graffiti coatings, which provide easy removal of paint and other markings from surfaces.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of printed labels provides excellent durability and resistance to abrasion and chemicals.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of adhesives for electronics due to its excellent thermal stability and low shrinkage properties.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of photovoltaic modules provides excellent resistance to weathering and UV radiation.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of protective coatings for wind turbines, providing excellent resistance to weathering and erosion.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of automotive coatings provides excellent gloss retention and resistance to chipping and scratching.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of medical adhesives, providing excellent biocompatibility and resistance to bodily fluids.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of adhesives for construction provides excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates, including concrete and masonry.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of marine coatings, providing excellent resistance to saltwater, UV radiation, and abrasion.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of food packaging provides excellent resistance to chemicals and moisture, ensuring the safety and freshness of the contents.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of insulating materials for electrical equipment due to its excellent dielectric properties.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of inkjet inks provides excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates, including glossy and non-porous surfaces.

Silicone acrylate is used in the production of adhesives for the aerospace industry, providing excellent resistance to extreme temperatures and harsh chemicals.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of medical implants provides excellent biocompatibility, ensuring that the implants are well-tolerated by the body.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of textile coatings, providing excellent water repellency and stain resistance.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for solar panels provides excellent weather resistance, improving their lifespan and efficiency.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of printing inks for packaging, providing excellent adhesion and resistance to abrasion and chemicals.


Applications of Silicone acrylate:

Coatings for solar panels
Insulation materials
Coatings for industrial equipment
Inks for printing
Coatings for fiberglass
Adhesives for the marine industry
Coatings for metal roofs
Coatings for food processing equipment
Coatings for wind turbines
Inks for flexible packaging
Coatings for aircraft components
Coatings for medical implants
Coatings for swimming pool surfaces
Coatings for electronic displays
Coatings for kitchen appliances
Coatings for flooring
Coatings for roller coasters
Coatings for sporting equipment
Coatings for metal furniture
Coatings for oil and gas pipelines
Coatings for automotive components
Coatings for marine vessels
Coatings for construction materials
Coatings for military equipment
Adhesives for aerospace applications
Coatings for railroad components
Coatings for power generation equipment
Coatings for packaging materials
Coatings for medical devices
Coatings for outdoor signage.


Silicone acrylate is used in the production of architectural coatings, providing excellent UV stability and weather resistance.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of automotive coatings provides excellent chemical resistance and gloss retention.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of release coatings for label liners and adhesive tapes, providing easy release properties.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of optical lenses provides excellent optical clarity and scratch resistance.

Silicone acrylate is used in the production of non-stick coatings for cookware, providing easy release of food and ease of cleaning.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of water-based coatings provides improved environmental sustainability compared to traditional solvent-based coatings.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of conformal coatings for electronic circuit boards, providing excellent moisture and chemical resistance.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of pressure-sensitive adhesives provides excellent tack and adhesion to a variety of substrates.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of packaging films, providing excellent moisture barrier properties and improved shelf life for food products.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of cosmetic products provides a silky and smooth feel to the skin and hair.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of automotive sealants, providing excellent resistance to fuel and oil.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of medical tubing provides excellent biocompatibility and resistance to kinking.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of adhesives for the construction industry, providing excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of dental materials provides excellent biocompatibility and resistance to wear.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of coatings for metal surfaces, providing excellent corrosion resistance and durability.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of 3D printing resins provides excellent dimensional stability and chemical resistance.

Silicone acrylate is used in the production of sealants for electronic devices, providing excellent resistance to moisture and chemicals.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of heat-resistant coatings provides excellent thermal stability and weathering resistance.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of coatings for concrete and masonry surfaces, providing excellent weather resistance and durability.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of adhesives for the aerospace industry provides excellent resistance to vibration and shock.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of mold release agents, providing easy release properties for molded plastic parts.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for medical instruments provides excellent biocompatibility and resistance to sterilization methods.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of coatings for outdoor furniture, providing excellent weather resistance and UV stability.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of printing plates provides excellent durability and resistance to abrasion and chemicals.

Silicone acrylate is used in the production of coatings for consumer electronics, providing excellent scratch resistance and durability.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of food contact materials provides excellent resistance to chemicals and migration properties.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of adhesives for the automotive industry, providing excellent resistance to high temperatures and harsh chemicals.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for medical devices provides excellent biocompatibility and resistance to bodily fluids.


Silicone acrylate is a type of polymer that is commonly used in a variety of applications due to its unique properties.
Some of the applications of silicone acrylate include:

Coatings:
Silicone acrylate can be used as a coating for a variety of substrates, including metal, plastic, and paper.
The coating provides excellent weather resistance, chemical resistance, and UV stability.


Adhesives:
Silicone acrylate can be used as an adhesive due to its excellent adhesion properties.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in automotive and aerospace industries for bonding metals and plastics.


Optical films:
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of optical films used in LCD and OLED displays.
These films improve the clarity and durability of the displays.


Cosmetics:
Silicone acrylate is used in cosmetic products such as sunscreens, makeup primers, and hair care products.
Silicone acrylate provides a silky and smooth feel to the skin and hair.


Medical devices:
Silicone acrylate is used in medical devices due to its biocompatibility and ability to resist bacterial growth.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in catheters, pacemakers, and other implantable devices.


Textiles:
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of textiles to provide water repellency and stain resistance.
Silicone acrylate is also used to improve the durability and lifespan of fabrics.


Silicone acrylate is used in the production of coatings for solar panels, providing excellent weather resistance and long-term durability.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of insulation materials provides excellent heat resistance and thermal stability.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of coatings for industrial equipment, providing excellent resistance to chemicals and abrasion.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of inks for printing provides excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates and resistance to fading.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of coatings for fiberglass, providing excellent weather resistance and durability.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of adhesives for the marine industry provides excellent resistance to saltwater and UV radiation.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of coatings for metal roofs, providing excellent weather resistance and longevity.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for food processing equipment provides excellent resistance to corrosion and cleaning agents.
Silicone acrylate is used in the production of coatings for wind turbines, providing excellent weather resistance and durability.

The use of silicone acrylate in the production of inks for flexible packaging provides excellent adhesion to a variety of substrates and resistance to moisture.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of coatings for aircraft components, providing excellent resistance to high altitude conditions and harsh environments.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for medical implants provides excellent biocompatibility and resistance to bodily fluids.

Silicone acrylate is used in the production of coatings for swimming pool surfaces, providing excellent resistance to chemicals and UV radiation.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for electronic displays provides excellent optical clarity and resistance to scratches.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of coatings for kitchen appliances, providing excellent resistance to heat and moisture.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for flooring provides excellent scratch resistance and durability.

Silicone acrylate is used in the production of coatings for roller coasters, providing excellent resistance to wear and tear.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for sporting equipment provides excellent resistance to impact and weathering.

Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the production of coatings for metal furniture, providing excellent resistance to rust and weathering.
The use of silicone acrylate in the production of coatings for oil and gas pipelines provides excellent resistance to corrosion and abrasion.



DESCRIPTION


Silicone acrylate is a hybrid material formed by the reaction of silicone and acrylic monomers.
Silicone acrylate is a type of copolymer with both silicone and acrylic functionalities.
The exact composition and properties of silicone acrylate can vary depending on the specific monomers used in the synthesis process.

Silicone acrylate is a versatile material with a variety of potential applications in various industries such as coatings, adhesives, and personal care products.
Its unique combination of properties, such as excellent adhesion, high flexibility, and water resistance, make Silicone acrylate a desirable material for many applications.

In the coatings industry, silicone acrylate is used as a binder to improve the durability, weatherability, and chemical resistance of coatings.
Silicone acrylate is commonly used in the formulation of high-performance coatings for industrial and automotive applications.

In the adhesive industry, silicone acrylate is used as a base resin for the formulation of pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs).
PSAs based on silicone acrylate have excellent adhesion to a variety of surfaces and are widely used in applications such as labels, tapes, and medical adhesives.

In the personal care industry, silicone acrylate is used as an ingredient in hair care and skin care products.
Its unique properties, such as high gloss, water resistance, and film-forming capabilities, make it a desirable ingredient in hair styling products such as gels, sprays, and mousses.
Silicone acrylate is also used in skin care products as a film-former and emollient.

Overall, silicone acrylate is a versatile and valuable material with a wide range of potential applications.
Its unique properties make it an ideal choice for many demanding applications where both silicone and acrylic properties are needed.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Molecular weight: varies depending on the specific formulation
Chemical formula: varies depending on the specific formulation
Monomers: typically contain silicone, acrylate, and/or methacrylate groups
Polymerization: typically initiated by light or heat


Physical Properties:

Appearance: clear to slightly yellow liquid or solid
Odor: typically odorless
Density: varies depending on the specific formulation
Melting point: varies depending on the specific formulation
Solubility: insoluble in water, soluble in some organic solvents
Viscosity: low to medium viscosity
Refractive index: high refractive index
Surface tension: low surface tension
Dielectric constant: good dielectric properties
Thermal conductivity: good thermal conductivity


Mechanical Properties:

Hardness: good hardness
Flexibility: good flexibility
Scratch resistance: high scratch resistance
Coefficient of friction: low coefficient of friction


Thermal Properties:

Thermal stability: high thermal stability
Thermal expansion coefficient: varies depending on the specific formulation


Optical Properties:

Gloss: high gloss
UV resistance: good UV resistance
Transparency: transparent to translucent


Other Properties:

Moisture resistance: good moisture resistance
Gas permeability: good gas permeability
Oxygen permeability: high oxygen permeability
Hydrophobicity: high hydrophobicity



FIRST AID


The first aid measures for Silicone Acrylate exposure depend on the type of exposure and severity of symptoms.
Here are some general first aid measures that can be taken:

Skin contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.


Eye contact:
Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.


Inhalation:
Move the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms such as coughing, difficulty breathing, or chest pain occur, seek medical attention.


Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water and do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.


It is important to always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling Silicone Acrylate to minimize the risk of exposure.
If you experience any symptoms of exposure or have concerns, seek medical attention immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Here are some handling and storage conditions for Silicone Acrylate:


Storage temperature:
Silicone Acrylate should be stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area with a temperature range between 5°C and 30°C (41°F to 86°F).


Moisture control:
Moisture can cause Silicone Acrylate to degrade, so it is important to keep it dry during storage and handling.


Handling equipment:
Use appropriate handling equipment, such as gloves and safety glasses, when handling Silicone Acrylate to avoid skin and eye contact.
Avoid inhalation of vapors or mists.


Compatibility:
Silicone Acrylate is not compatible with some materials, such as strong oxidizing agents, so it should be stored away from incompatible substances.


Container type:
Silicone Acrylate should be stored in a tightly sealed container, such as a drum or an intermediate bulk container (IBC), to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.


Shelf life:
Silicone Acrylate has a limited shelf life and should be used within the recommended time frame.
Silicone acrylate is important to check the expiration date and discard any expired or degraded material.


Transportation:
During transportation, Silicone Acrylate should be properly labeled and packaged to prevent spills and leaks.


It is important to follow these handling and storage conditions to ensure the quality and safety of Silicone Acrylate during storage and handling.



SYNONYMS


Siloxane Acrylate
Silane Acrylate
Silicone Methacrylate
Siloxane Methacrylate
Silane Methacrylate
Silicone Epoxy
Siloxane Epoxy
Silane Epoxy
Silicone Resin
Siloxane Resin
Silane Resin
Silicone Polymer
Siloxane Polymer
Silane Polymer
Silicone Adhesive
Siloxane Adhesive
Silane Adhesive
Silicone Sealant
Siloxane Sealant
Silane Sealant
SILICONE DIOXIDE
SILICONE DIOXIDE Silicon dioxide Silicon dioxide, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.[5][6] In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand. Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as synthetic product. Notable examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, silica gel, and aerogels. It is used in structural materials, microelectronics (as an electrical insulator), and as components in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica is toxic and can lead to severe inflammation of the lung tissue, silicosis, bronchitis, lung cancer, and systemic autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis. Inhalation of amorphous silicon dioxide, in high doses, leads to non-permanent short-term inflammation, where all effects heal.[7] Structure Structural motif found in α-quartz, but also found in almost all forms of silicon dioxide Relationship between refractive index and density for some SiO2 forms[8] In the majority of silicates, the silicon atom shows tetrahedral coordination, with four oxygen atoms surrounding a central Si atom. The most common example is seen in the quartz polymorphs. It is a 3 dimensional network solid in which each silicon atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to 4 oxygen atoms. For example, in the unit cell of α-quartz, the central tetrahedron shares all four of its corner O atoms, the two face-centered tetrahedra share two of their corner O atoms, and the four edge-centered tetrahedra share just one of their O atoms with other SiO4 tetrahedra. This leaves a net average of 12 out of 24 total vertices for that portion of the seven SiO4 tetrahedra that are considered to be a part of the unit cell for silica (see 3-D Unit Cell). SiO2 has a number of distinct crystalline forms (polymorphs) in addition to amorphous forms. With the exception of stishovite and fibrous silica, all of the crystalline forms involve tetrahedral SiO4 units linked together by shared vertices. Silicon–oxygen bond lengths vary between the various crystal forms; for example in α-quartz the bond length is 161 pm, whereas in α-tridymite it is in the range 154–171 pm. The Si-O-Si angle also varies between a low value of 140° in α-tridymite, up to 180° in β-tridymite. In α-quartz, the Si-O-Si angle is 144°.[9] Fibrous silica has a structure similar to that of SiS2 with chains of edge-sharing SiO4 tetrahedra. Stishovite, the higher-pressure form, in contrast, has a rutile-like structure where silicon is 6-coordinate. The density of stishovite is 4.287 g/cm3, which compares to α-quartz, the densest of the low-pressure forms, which has a density of 2.648 g/cm3.[10] The difference in density can be ascribed to the increase in coordination as the six shortest Si-O bond lengths in stishovite (four Si-O bond lengths of 176 pm and two others of 181 pm) are greater than the Si-O bond length (161 pm) in α-quartz.[11] The change in the coordination increases the ionicity of the Si-O bond.[12] More importantly, any deviations from these standard parameters constitute microstructural differences or variations, which represent an approach to an amorphous, vitreous, or glassy solid. The only stable form under normal conditions is alpha quartz, in which crystalline silicon dioxide is usually encountered. In nature, impurities in crystalline α-quartz can give rise to colors (see list). The high-temperature minerals, cristobalite and tridymite, have both lower densities and indices of refraction than quartz. Since the composition is identical, the reason for the discrepancies must be in the increased spacing in the high-temperature minerals. As is common with many substances, the higher the temperature, the farther apart the atoms are, due to the increased vibration energy.[citation needed] The transformation from α-quartz to beta-quartz takes place abruptly at 573 °C. Since the transformation is accompanied by a significant change in volume, it can easily induce fracturing of ceramics or rocks passing through this temperature limit.[13] The high-pressure minerals, seifertite, stishovite, and coesite, though, have higher densities and indices of refraction than quartz. This is probably due to the intense compression of the atoms occurring during their formation, resulting in more condensed structure.[14] Faujasite silica is another form of crystalline silica. It is obtained by dealumination of a low-sodium, ultra-stable Y zeolite with combined acid and thermal treatment. The resulting product contains over 99% silica, and has high crystallinity and surface area (over 800 m2/g). Faujasite-silica has very high thermal and acid stability. For example, it maintains a high degree of long-range molecular order or crystallinity even after boiling in concentrated hydrochloric acid.[15] Molten silica exhibits several peculiar physical characteristics that are similar to those observed in liquid water: negative temperature expansion, density maximum at temperatures ~5000 °C, and a heat capacity minimum.[16] Its density decreases from 2.08 g/cm3 at 1950 °C to 2.03 g/cm3 at 2200 °C.[17] Molecular SiO2 with a linear structure is produced when molecular silicon monoxide, SiO, is condensed in an argon matrix cooled with helium along with oxygen atoms generated by microwave discharge. Dimeric silicon dioxide, (SiO2)2 has been prepared by reacting O2 with matrix isolated dimeric silicon monoxide, (Si2O2). In dimeric silicon dioxide there are two oxygen atoms bridging between the silicon atoms with an Si-O-Si angle of 94° and bond length of 164.6 pm and the terminal Si-O bond length is 150.2 pm. The Si-O bond length is 148.3 pm, which compares with the length of 161 pm in α-quartz. The bond energy is estimated at 621.7 kJ/mol.[18] Natural occurrence Geology [icon] This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2017) Silica with the chemical formula SiO2 is most commonly found in nature as quartz, which comprises more than 10% by mass of the earth's crust.[19] Quartz is the only polymorph of silica stable at the Earth's surface. Metastable occurrences of the high-pressure forms coesite and stishovite have been found around impact structures and associated with eclogites formed during ultra-high-pressure metamorphism. The high-temperature forms of tridymite and cristobalite are known from silica-rich volcanic rocks. In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand.[20] The various forms of silicon dioxide can be converted from one form to another by heating and changes in pressure. Biology Even though it is poorly soluble, silica occurs in many plants. Plant materials with high silica phytolith content appear to be of importance to grazing animals, from chewing insects to ungulates. Silica accelerates tooth wear, and high levels of silica in plants frequently eaten by herbivores may have developed as a defense mechanism against predation.[21][22] Silica is also the primary component of rice husk ash, which is used, for example, in filtration and cement manufacturing. For well over a billion years, silicification in and by cells has been common in the biological world. In the modern world it occurs in bacteria, single-celled organisms, plants, and animals (invertebrates and vertebrates). Prominent examples include: Tests or frustules (i.e. shells) of diatoms, Radiolaria, and testate amoebae.[6] Silica phytoliths in the cells of many plants, including Equisetaceae, practically all grasses, and a wide range of dicotyledons. The spicules forming the skeleton of many sponges. Crystalline minerals formed in the physiological environment often show exceptional physical properties (e.g., strength, hardness, fracture toughness) and tend to form hierarchical structures that exhibit microstructural order over a range of scales. The minerals are crystallized from an environment that is undersaturated with respect to silicon, and under conditions of neutral pH and low temperature (0–40 °C). Formation of the mineral may occur either within the cell wall of an organism (such as with phytoliths), or outside the cell wall, as typically happens with tests. Specific biochemical reactions exist for mineral deposition. Such reactions include those that involve lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. It is unclear in what ways silica is important in the nutrition of animals. This field of research is challenging because silica is ubiquitous and in most circumstances dissolves in trace quantities only. All the same it certainly does occur in the living body, creating the challenge of creating silica-free controls for purposes of research. This makes it difficult to be sure when the silica present has had operative beneficial effects, and when its presence is coincidental, or even harmful. The current consensus is that it certainly seems important in the growth, strength, and management of many connective tissues. This is true not only for hard connective tissues such as bone and tooth but possibly in the biochemistry of the subcellular enzyme-containing structures as well.[23] Uses Structural use About 95% of the commercial use of silicon dioxide (sand) occurs in the construction industry, e.g. for the production of concrete (Portland cement concrete).[19] Certain deposits of silica sand, with desirable particle size and shape and desirable clay and other mineral content, were important for sand casting of metallic products.[24] The high melting point of silica enables it to be used in such applications such as iron casting; modern sand casting sometimes uses other minerals for other reasons. Crystalline silica is used in hydraulic fracturing of formations which contain tight oil and shale gas.[25] Precursor to glass and silicon Silica is the primary ingredient in the production of most glass. As other minerals are melted with silica, the principle of Freezing Point Depression lowers the melting point of the mixture and increases fluidity. The glass transition temperature of pure SiO2 is about 1475 K.[26] When molten silicon dioxide SiO2 is rapidly cooled, it does not crystallize, but solidifies as a glass. Because of this, most ceramic glazes have silica as the main ingredient. The structural geometry of silicon and oxygen in glass is similar to that in quartz and most other crystalline forms of silicon and oxygen with silicon surrounded by regular tetrahedra of oxygen centers. The difference between the glass and crystalline forms arises from the connectivity of the tetrahedral units: Although there is no long range periodicity in the glassy network ordering remains at length scales well beyond the SiO bond length. One example of this ordering is the preference to form rings of 6-tetrahedra.[27] The majority of optical fibers for telecommunication are also made from silica. It is a primary raw material for many ceramics such as earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain. Silicon dioxide is used to produce elemental silicon. The process involves carbothermic reduction in an electric arc furnace:[28] {\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2 + 2 C -> Si + 2 CO}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2 + 2 C -> Si + 2 CO}}} Fumed silica Fumed silica, also known as pyrogenic silica, is prepared by burning SiCl4 in an oxygen-rich hydrogen flame to produce a "smoke" of SiO2.[10] {\displaystyle {\ce {SiCl4 + 2 H2 + O2 -> SiO2 + 4 HCl}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {SiCl4 + 2 H2 + O2 -> SiO2 + 4 HCl}}} It can also be produced by vaporizing quartz sand in a 3000 °C electric arc. Both processes result in microscopic droplets of amorphous silica fused into branched, chainlike, three-dimensional secondary particles which then agglomerate into tertiary particles, a white powder with extremely low bulk density (0.03-.15 g/cm3) and thus high surface area.[29] The particles act as a thixotropic thickening agent, or as an anti-caking agent, and can be treated to make them hydrophilic or hydrophobic for either water or organic liquid applications Manufactured fumed silica with maximum surface area of 380 m2/g Silica fume is an ultrafine powder collected as a by-product of the silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production. It consists of amorphous (non-crystalline) spherical particles with an average particle diameter of 150 nm, without the branching of the pyrogenic product. The main use is as pozzolanic material for high performance concrete. Food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications Silica, either colloidal, precipitated, or pyrogenic fumed, is a common additive in food production. It is used primarily as a flow or anti-caking agent in powdered foods such as spices and non-dairy coffee creamer, or powders to be formed into pharmaceutical tablets.[29] It can adsorb water in hygroscopic applications. Colloidal silica is used as a fining agent for wine, beer, and juice, with the E number reference E551.[19] In cosmetics, silica is useful for its light-diffusing properties[30] and natural absorbency.[31] Diatomaceous earth, a mined product, has been used in food and cosmetics for centuries. It consists of the silica shells of microscopic diatoms; in a less processed form it was sold as "tooth powder".[citation needed] Manufactured or mined hydrated silica is used as the hard abrasive in toothpaste. Semiconductors See also: Surface passivation, Thermal oxidation, Planar process, and MOSFET Silicon dioxide is widely used in the semiconductor technology for the primary passivation (directly on the semiconductor surface), as an original gate dielectric in MOS technology. Today when scaling (dimension of the gate length of the MOS transistor) has progressed below 10 nm silicon dioxide has been replaced by other dielectric materials like hafnium oxide or similar with higher dielectric constant compared to silicon dioxide, as a dielectric layer between metal (wiring) layers (sometimes up to 8-10) connecting elements to each other and as a secondary passivation layer (for protecting semiconductor elements and the metallization layers) typically today layered with some other dielectrics like silicon nitride. Because silicon dioxide is a native oxide of silicon it is more widely used compared to other semiconductors like Gallium arsenide or Indium phosphide. Silicon dioxide could be grown on a silicon semiconductor surface.[32] Silicon oxide layers could protect silicon surfaces during diffusion processes, and could be used for diffusion masking.[33][34] Surface passivation is the process by which a semiconductor surface is rendered inert, and does not change semiconductor properties as a result of interaction with air or other materials in contact with the surface or edge of the crystal.[35][36] The formation of a thermally grown silicon dioxide layer greatly reduces the concentration of electronic states at the silicon surface.[36] SiO2 films preserve the electrical characteristics of p–n junctions and prevent these electrical characteristics from deteriorating by the gaseous ambient environment.[34] Silicon oxide layers could be used to electrically stabilize silicon surfaces.[33] The surface passivation process is an important method of semiconductor device fabrication that involves coating a silicon wafer with an insulating layer of silicon oxide so that electricity could reliably penetrate to the conducting silicon below. Growing a layer of silicon dioxide on top of a silicon wafer enables it to overcome the surface states that otherwise prevent electricity from reaching the semiconducting layer.[35][37] The process of silicon surface passivation by thermal oxidation (silicon dioxide) is critical to the semiconductor industry. It is commonly used to manufacture metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) and silicon integrated circuit chips (with the planar process).[35][37] Other Hydrophobic silica is used as a defoamer component.[38] In its capacity as a refractory, it is useful in fiber form as a high-temperature thermal protection fabric.[citation needed] Silica is used in the extraction of DNA and RNA due to its ability to bind to the nucleic acids under the presence of chaotropes.[39] Silica aerogel was used in the Stardust spacecraft to collect extraterrestrial particles.[40] Pure silica (silicon dioxide), when cooled as fused quartz into a glass with no true melting point, can be used as a glass fiber for fiberglass. Production Silicon dioxide is mostly obtained by mining, including sand mining and purification of quartz. Quartz is suitable for many purposes, while chemical processing is required to make a purer or otherwise more suitable (e.g. more reactive or fine-grained) product.[citation needed] Precipitated silica Precipitated silica or amorphous silica is produced by the acidification of solutions of sodium silicate. The gelatinous precipitate or silica gel, is first washed and then dehydrated to produce colorless microporous silica.[10] The idealized equation involving a trisilicate and sulfuric acid is: {\displaystyle {\ce {Na2Si3O7 + H2SO4 -> 3 SiO2 + Na2SO4 + H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2Si3O7 + H2SO4 -> 3 SiO2 + Na2SO4 + H2O}}} Approximately one billion kilograms/year (1999) of silica were produced in this manner, mainly for use for polymer composites – tires and shoe soles.[19] On microchips Thin films of silica grow spontaneously on silicon wafers via thermal oxidation, producing a very shallow layer of about 1 nm or 10 Å of so-called native oxide.[41] Higher temperatures and alternative environments are used to grow well-controlled layers of silicon dioxide on silicon, for example at temperatures between 600 and 1200 °C, using so-called dry oxidation with O2 {\displaystyle {\ce {Si + O2 -> SiO2}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Si + O2 -> SiO2}}} or wet oxidation with H2O.[42][43] {\displaystyle {\ce {Si + 2 H2O -> SiO2 + 2 H2}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Si + 2 H2O -> SiO2 + 2 H2}}} The native oxide layer is beneficial in microelectronics, where it acts as electric insulator with high chemical stability. It can protect the silicon, store charge, block current, and even act as a controlled pathway to limit current flow.[44] Laboratory or special methods From organosilicon compounds Many routes to silicon dioxide start with an organosilicon compound, e.g., HMDSO,[45] TEOS. Synthesis of silica is illustrated below using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). Simply heating TEOS at 680–730 °C results in the oxide: {\displaystyle {\ce {Si(OC2H5)4 -> SiO2 + 2 O(C2H5)2}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Si(OC2H5)4 -> SiO2 + 2 O(C2H5)2}}} Similarly TEOS combusts around 400 °C: {\displaystyle {\ce {Si(OC2H5)4 + 12 O2 -> SiO2 + 10 H2O + 8 CO2}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Si(OC2H5)4 + 12 O2 -> SiO2 + 10 H2O + 8 CO2}}} TEOS undergoes hydrolysis via the so-called sol-gel process. The course of the reaction and nature of the product are affected by catalysts, but the idealized equation is:[46] {\displaystyle {\ce {Si(OC2H5)4 + 2 H2O -> SiO2 + 4 HOCH2CH3}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Si(OC2H5)4 + 2 H2O -> SiO2 + 4 HOCH2CH3}}} Other methods Being highly stable, silicon dioxide arises from many methods. Conceptually simple, but of little practical value, combustion of silane gives silicon dioxide. This reaction is analogous to the combustion of methane: {\displaystyle {\ce {SiH4 + 2 O2 -> SiO2 + 2 H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {SiH4 + 2 O2 -> SiO2 + 2 H2O}}} However the chemical vapor deposition of silicon dioxide onto crystal surface from silane had been used using nitrogen as a carrier gas at 200–500 °C.[47] Chemical reactions Silica is converted to silicon by reduction with carbon. Fluorine reacts with silicon dioxide to form SiF4 and O2 whereas the other halogen gases (Cl2, Br2, I2) are essentially unreactive.[10] Silicon dioxide is attacked by hydrofluoric acid (HF) to produce hexafluorosilicic acid:[9] {\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2 + 6 HF -> H2SiF6 + 2 H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2 + 6 HF -> H2SiF6 + 2 H2O}}} HF is used to remove or pattern silicon dioxide in the semiconductor industry. Under normal conditions, silicon does not react with most acids but is dissolved by hydrofluoric acid. {\displaystyle {\ce {Si(s) + 6HF(aq) -> [SiF6]^{2-}(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2H2(g)}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Si(s) + 6HF(aq) -> [SiF6]^{2-}(aq) + 2H+(aq) + 2H2(g)}}} Silicon is attacked by bases such as aqueous sodium hydroxide to give silicates. {\displaystyle {\ce {Si(s) + 4NaOH(aq) -> [SiO4]^{4-}(aq) + 4Na+(aq) + 2H2(g)}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Si(s) + 4NaOH(aq) -> [SiO4]^{4-}(aq) + 4Na+(aq) + 2H2(g)}}} Silicon dioxide acts as a Lux–Flood acid, being able to react with bases under certain conditions. As it does not contain any hydrogen, it cannot act as a Brønsted–Lowry acid. While silicon dioxide is not soluble in water, some strong bases will react with glass and have to be stored in plastic bottles as a result.[48] Silicon dioxide dissolves in hot concentrated alkali or fused hydroxide, as described in this idealized equation:[10] {\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2 + 2 NaOH -> Na2SiO3 + H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2 + 2 NaOH -> Na2SiO3 + H2O}}} Silicon dioxide will neutralise basic metal oxides (e.g. sodium oxide, potassium oxide, lead(II) oxide, zinc oxide, or mixtures of oxides, forming silicates and glasses as the Si-O-Si bonds in silica are broken successively).[9] As an example the reaction of sodium oxide and SiO2 can produce sodium orthosilicate, sodium silicate, and glasses, dependent on the proportions of reactants:[10] {\displaystyle {\ce {2 Na2O + SiO2 -> Na4SiO4;}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {2 Na2O + SiO2 -> Na4SiO4;}}} {\displaystyle {\ce {Na2O + SiO2 -> Na2SiO3;}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2O + SiO2 -> Na2SiO3;}}} {\displaystyle (0.25-0.8)}{\displaystyle (0.25-0.8)} {\displaystyle {\ce {Na2O + SiO2 -> glass}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {Na2O + SiO2 -> glass}}}. Examples of such glasses have commercial significance, e.g. soda-lime glass, borosilicate glass, lead glass. In these glasses, silica is termed the network former or lattice former.[9] The reaction is also used in blast furnaces to remove sand impurities in the ore by neutralisation with calcium oxide, forming calcium silicate slag. Bundle of optical fibers composed of high purity silica. Silicon dioxide reacts in heated reflux under dinitrogen with ethylene glycol and an alkali metal base to produce highly reactive, pentacoordinate silicates which provide access to a wide variety of new silicon compounds.[49] The silicates are essentially insoluble in all polar solvent except methanol. Silicon dioxide reacts with elemental silicon at high temperatures to produce SiO:[9] {\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2 + Si -> 2 SiO}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {SiO2 + Si -> 2 SiO}}} Water solubility The solubility of silicon dioxide in water strongly depends on its crystalline form and is three-four times higher for silica[clarification needed] than quartz; as a function of temperature, it peaks around 340 °C.[50] This property is used to grow single crystals of quartz in a hydrothermal process where natural quartz is dissolved in superheated water in a pressure vessel that is cooler at the top. Crystals of 0.5–1 kg can be grown over a period of 1–2 months.[9] These crystals are a source of very pure quartz for use in electronic applications.[10] Health effects Quartz sand (silica) as main raw material for commercial glass production Silica ingested orally is essentially nontoxic, with an LD50 of 5000 mg/kg (5 g/kg).[19] A 2008 study following subjects for 15 years found that higher levels of silica in water appeared to decrease the risk of dementia. An increase of 10 mg/day of silica in drinking water was associated with a decreased risk of dementia of 11%.[51] Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica dust can lead to silicosis, bronchitis, or lung cancer, as the dust becomes lodged in the lungs and continuously irritates the tissue, reducing lung capacities.[52] When fine silica particles are inhaled in large enough quantities (such as through occupational exposure), it increases the risk of systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus[53] and rheumatoid arthritis compared to expected rates in the general population.[54] Occupational hazard Silica is an occupational hazard for people who do sandblasting, or work with products that contain powdered crystalline silica. Amorphous silica, such as fumed silica, may cause irreversible lung damage in some cases, but is not associated with development of silicosis. Children, asthmatics of any age, those with allergies, and the elderly (all of whom have reduced lung capacity) can be affected in less time.[55] Crystalline silica is an occupational hazard for those working with stone countertops, because the process of cutting and installing the countertops creates large amounts of airborne silica.[56] Crystalline silica used in hydraulic fracturing presents a health hazard to workers.[25] Pathophysiology In the body, crystalline silica particles do not dissolve over clinically relevant periods. Silica crystals inside the lungs can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome inside macrophages and dendritic cells and thereby result in production of interleukin, a highly pro-inflammatory cytokine in the immune system.[57][58][59] Regulation Regulations restricting silica exposure 'with respect to the silicosis hazard' specify that they are concerned only with silica, which is both crystalline and dust-forming.[60][61][62][63][64][65] In 2013, the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration reduced the exposure limit to 50 µg/m3 of air. Prior to 2013, it had allowed 100 µg/m3 and in construction workers even 250 µg/m3.[25] In 2013, OSHA also required "green completion" of fracked wells to reduce exposure to crystalline silica besides restricting the limit of exposure. What is it? Silicon dioxide (SiO2), also known as silica, is a natural compound made of two of the earth’s most abundant materials: silicon (Si) and oxygen (O2). Silicon dioxide is most often recognized in the form of quartz. It’s found naturally in water, plants, animals, and the earth. The earth’s crust is 59 percent silica. It makes up more than 95 percent of known rocks on the planet. When you sit on a beach, it’s silicon dioxide in the form of sand that gets between your toes. It’s even found naturally in the tissues of the human body. Though it’s unclear what role it plays, it’s thought to be an essential nutrient our bodies need. Why is it in food and supplements? Silicon dioxide is found naturally in many plants, such as: leafy green vegetables beets bell peppers brown rice oats alfalfa Silicon dioxide is also added to many foods and supplements. As a food additive, it serves as an anticaking agent to avoid clumping. In supplements, it’s used to prevent the various powdered ingredients from sticking together. As with many food additives, consumers often have concerns about silicon dioxide as an additive. However, numerous studies suggest there’s no cause for these concerns. What does the research say? The fact that silicon dioxide is found in plants and drinking water suggests it’s safe. Research has shown that the silica we consume through our diets doesn’t accumulate in our bodies. Instead, it’s flushed out by our kidneys. However, the progressive, often fatal lung disease silicosis can occur from chronic inhalation of silica dust. This exposure and disease primarily occurs among people who work in: mining construction quarrying the steel industry sandblasting While many of the studies on silica have been done on animals, researchers have found no link between the food additive silicon dioxide and increased risk of cancer, organ damage, or death. In addition, studies have found no evidence that silicon dioxide as an additive in food can affect reproductive health, birth weight, or bodyweight. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has also recognized silicon dioxide as a safe food additive. In 2018, the European Food Safety Authority urged the European Union to impose stricter guidelines on silicon dioxide until further research could be done. Their concerns focused on the nano-sized particles (some of which were smaller than 100 nm). Previously guidelines followed a 1974 paper prepared in association with the World Health Organization. This paper found the only negative health effects related to silicon dioxide have been caused by silicon deficiency. More current research may be changing the guidelines and recommendations. Have safe limits been set? Though the research so far suggests there aren’t many risks associated with silicon dioxide ingestion, the FDA has set upper limits on its consumption: Silicon dioxide shouldn’t exceed 2 percent of a food’s total weight. This is mainly because amounts higher than these set limits haven’t been sufficiently studied. The takeaway Silicon dioxide exists naturally within the earth and our bodies. There isn’t yet evidence to suggest it’s dangerous to ingest as a food additive, but more research is needed on what role it plays in the body. Chronic inhalation of silica dust can lead to lung disease. People who have serious allergies have a vested interest in knowing what additives are in the foods they eat. But even if you don’t have such allergies, it’s best to be cautious with food additives. And even minor changes in levels of minerals can have a profound effect on healthy functioning. A good approach is to eat whole foods and get healthy levels of silicon dioxide. Silicon Dioxide is a natural compound of silicon and oxygen found mostly in sand, Silica has three main crystalline varieties: quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite. Fine particulate silica dust from quartz rock causes over a long-term progressive lung injury, silicosis. (NCI04) NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) Silica is another name for the chemical compound composed of silicon and oxygen with the chemical formula SiO2, or silicon dioxide. There are many forms of silica. All silica forms are identical in chemical composition, but have different atom arrangements. Silica compounds can be divided into two groups, crystalline (or c-silica) and amorphous silica (a-silica or non-crystalline silica). c-Silica compounds have structures with repeating patterns of silicon and oxygen. a-Silica chemical structures are more randomly linked when compared to c-silica. All forms of silica are odorless solids composed of silicon and oxygen atoms. Silica particles become suspended in air and form non-explosive dusts. Silica may combine with other metallic elements and oxides to form silicates. CDC-ATSDR Toxic Substances Portal Silicon dioxide is a silicon oxide made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens. Molecular Weight of Silicon dioxide: 60.084 g/mol Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Silicon dioxide: 0 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Silicon dioxide:2 Rotatable Bond Count of Silicon dioxide: 0 Exact Mass of Silicon dioxide: 59.966756 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass of Silicon dioxide: 59.966756 g/mol Topological Polar Surface Area of Silicon dioxide: 34.1 Ų Heavy Atom Count of Silicon dioxide: 3 Formal Charge of Silicon dioxide: 0 Complexity of Silicon dioxide: 18.3 Isotope Atom Count of Silicon dioxide: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Silicon dioxide: 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Silicon dioxide: 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Silicon dioxide:0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Silicon dioxide: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Silicon dioxide: 1 Compound of Silicon dioxide Is Canonicalized Yes
SILICONE DIOXIDE FOOD GRADE
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade occurs almost everywhere on earth.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade when used as a food additive, is a compound consisting of silicon and oxygen.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is found naturally in the ground and in our bodies.

CAS Number: 7631-86-9
Molecular Formula: O2Si
Molecular Weight: 60.08
EINECS Number: 231-545-4

Synonyms: Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, Silica, Dioxosilane, Quartz, 7631-86-9, Silica gel, Cristobalite, Silicic anhydride, Tridymite, 14808-60-7, Sand, 112945-52-5, 61790-53-2, 112926-00-8, KIESELGUHR, Diatomaceous silica, Wessalon, Aerosil, Silicon(IV) oxide, Zorbax sil, 60676-86-0, Silica, amorphous, 14464-46-1, Dicalite, Ludox, Nyacol, Amorphous silica, QUARTZ (SIO2), Cristobalite (SiO2), Cab-O-sil, Sillikolloid, Extrusil, Santocel, Sipernat, Superfloss, Acticel, Carplex, Neosil, Neosyl, Porasil, Silikil, Siloxid, Zipax, Aerosil-degussa, Silicon oxide, Aerosil 380, Synthetic amorphous silica, Quartz sand, Rose quartz, Silica particles, 91053-39-3, Cab-o-sil M-5, Silica, fumed, Snowtex O, Silica, colloidal, Tokusil TPLM, Dri-Die, SILICA, VITREOUS, Manosil vn 3, Colloidal Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, Ultrasil VH 3, Ultrasil VN 3, Aerosil bs-50, Carplex 30, Carplex 80, Snowtex 30, Zeofree 80, Aerosil,Silicon(IV) oxide, Zorbax sil, 60676-86-0, Silica, amorphous, 14464-46-1, Dicalite, Ludox, Nyacol, Amorphous silica, QUARTZ (SIO2), Cristobalite (SiO2), Cab-O-sil, Sillikolloid, Extrusil, Santocel, Sipernat, Superfloss, Acticel, Carplex, Neosil, Neosyl, Porasil, Silikil, Siloxid, Zipax, Aerosil-degussa, Silicon oxide, Aerosil 380, Synthetic amorphous silica, Quartz sand, Rose quartz, Silica particles, 91053-39-3, Cab-o-sil M-5, Silica, fumed, Snowtex O, Silica, colloidal, Tokusil TPLM, Dri-Die, SILICA, VITREOUS, Manosil vn 3, Colloidal Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, Ultrasil VH 3, Ultrasil VN 3, Aerosil bs-50, Carplex 30, Carplex 80, Snowtex 30, Zeofree 80, Aerosil K 7, Cabosil N 5, Syton 2X, Amorphous silica gel, Positive sol 232, Siliziumdioxid, Aerogel 200, Aerosil 300, Chalcedony, Diatomite, Ludox hs 40, Silanox 101, Silica (SiO2), Vitasil 220, Agate, Positive sol 130M, Silica vitreous, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade (amorphous), Aerosil A 300, Aerosil E 300, Aerosil M-300, colloidal silica, Fused silica, Quartz glass, Silica slurry, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, fumed, Silicone dioxide, 68855-54-9, Nalfloc N 1050, Quso 51, Silica, amorphous fused, Nalco 1050, Quso G 30, Hydrophobic silica 2482, Kieselsaeureanhydrid, Min-U-Sil, 15468-32-3, SiO2, CCRIS 3699, Silica Gel, 40-63 Micron Particles, Silica aerogel, (SiO2)n, UNII-ETJ7Z6XBU4, ETJ7Z6XBU4, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, Amorphous, Silica 2482, hydrophobic, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, chemically prepared, EINECS 231-545-4, CAB-O-SIL N-70TS, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605, CI 7811,Aerosil 200, 99439-28-8, CHEBI:30563, AI3-25549, Crystalline silica, N1030, U 333, Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh, Glass, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, colloidal, 15723-40-7, ENT 25,550, [SiO2], Silica, crystalline - fused, Silicagel, Silica gel, pptd.,cryst.-free, 13778-37-5, 13778-38-6, 17679-64-0, Christensenite, Crystoballite, Silica gel desiccant, indicating, Celite, INS-551, Calcined diatomite, MFCD00011232, MFCD00217788, Silica, amorphous,fumed, cryst.-free, Silica, mesostructured, Amethyst, Aquafil, Cataloid, Crysvarl, Flintshot, Nalcoag, Novaculite, Silikill, Vulkasil, Cherts, Snowit, Imsil, Metacristobalite, Quartz silica, alpha-Quartz, Fossil flour, Fumed silica, Quartz dust, Rock crystal, Silica dust, White carbon, SIMETHICONE COMPONENT Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, Chromosorb P, Tiger-eye, E-551, Vulkasil S, Celite superfloss, Cristobalite dust, Corasil II, Silver bond B, Cab-O-sperse, alpha-Cristobalite, alpha-Crystobalite, Gold bond R, (SiO2), Cabosil st-1, Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 100 microg/mL in H2O, Sil-Co-Sil, Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O, Siderite (SiO2), Tridymite 118, Cab-O-grip II, Tridimite [French], HI-Sil, Amorphous silica dust, Silicon Oxide Hollow Nanospheres, Nyacol 830, Sibelite M 3000, Sibelite M 4000, Sibelite M 6000, Quazo puro [Italian], SILICA, AMORPHOUS (IARC), SILICA, AMORPHOUS [IARC], Caswell No. 734A, Sicron F 300, Sikron F 100, Spectrosil, Accusand, Coesite, Fuselex, Nalcast, Nyacol 1430, Optocil, Quartzine, Quarzsand, Rancosil, Suprasil, Tridimite, Siltex, Vitreous quartz, Vitreous silica, Tridymite dust, W 12 (Filler), beta-Quartz, Fused quartz, MIN-U-sil alpha quartz, Quartz-beta, Amorphous quartz, Dri-Die insecticide 67, Quazo puro, Silica, amorphous, fumed, Vitrified silica, Pyrogenic colloidal silica, Silica, fused, Suprasil W, Vitreosil IR, Borsil P, Dioxide, Silicon, Silane, dioxo-, Crystallized Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, Optocil (quartz), CP-SilicaPLOT, Sand, Sea, Silicon oxide, di- (sand), Quarzsand [German], S-Col, Admafine SO 25H, Admafine SO 25R, Admafine SO 32H, Admafine SO-C 2, Admafine SO-C 3, Cristobalite asbestos, Keatite (SiO2), Sg-67, Tridymite (SiO2), Fumed silica, crystalline-free, Stishovite (SiO2), ED-C (silica), Fuselex ZA 30, As 1 (silica), CCRIS 2475, DQ12, Agate (SiO2), Celite 545, Fumed synthetic amorphous silica, Silica, crystalline - tridymite, FB 5 (silica), Fuselex RD 120, Corning 7940, Microcrystalline quartz, Synthetic amorphous silica, fumed, Denka F 90, Denka FB 30, Denka FB 44, Denka FB 74, Denka FS 30, Dri-Die 67, Silica gel spherical, 40-75 mum particle size, WGL 300, Cryptocrystalline quartz, FB 20 (silica), Elsil 100, F 44 (filler), D & D, SF 35, Elsil BF 100, F 125 (silica), F 160 (silica), Fuselex RD 40-60, Silica, amorphous, fused, Silica; Silica colloidal anhydrous; Silicium dioxide, EINECS 238-455-4, EINECS 238-878-4, EINECS 239-487-1, 43-63C, HK 400, TGL 16319, Silica, crystalline quartz, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade (vitreous), Silica, amorphous, fumed, cryst.-free, Silica, crystalline, quartz, Silica, crystalline: quartz, tripolite, GP 7I, Precipitated amorphous silica, Chrysoprase, Ronasphere, Silica, crystalline tridymite, Speriglass, Carneol, Citrine, Kieselgel, NaturasilScars, Sandstone, Silica, crystalline - quartz, Silicea, Spherica, AF-SO 25R, Quartz [Silica, crystalline], Siilca, Zorbax, quartz-glass, silica sand, Silicom dioxide, Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica), Silica marina, Silica, crystalline: tridymite, silica-gel, Fused-silica, pyrogenic silica, Silica,fumed, GP 11I, RD 8, silica-, Fine grain sand, QuarZ, Super-cel, Fire Agate, Greensil K, Sea sand, silica gel white, W 006, Silicon di-oxide, Tridymite [Silica, crystalline], Zelec Sil, Chrysolith 6X, CRS 1102RD8, Silica Dispersion, SiO2 Nanopowder, Silica gel G, Silica, crystalline: cristobalite, Silotrat-1, Kieselsaureanhydrid, SiO2 Nanospheres, Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescent indicator 254 nm, Silicea 3X, Silicea 6C, Silicea 6X, Chrysoprase8113, EF 10, Fossil Flour MBK, FS 74, Honest-Paste Kids, MR 84, Quartz 8, Silica, crystalline - cristobalite, Silica Microspheres, Aventurine8101, Cristobalite [Silica, crystalline], Silicea Kit Refill, Sorbosil AC33, Sorbosil AC77, Sorbosil BFG50, Sorbosil TC15, Sand, white quartz, Sandstone8144, Silicea 12X, Silicea 30X, Amorphous silica: Pyrogenic (fumed), EINECS 262-373-8, Silica gel, ASTM, silicon (iv) oxide, Methyl3-oxohexanoate, Siliceous sand, CP, Sorbosil AC 35, Sorbosil AC 37, Sorbosil AC 39, BF 100, EQ 912, Neosil CBT50, Neosil CBT60, Neosil CBT60S, Neosil CBT70, Neosil CT11, Neosil PC10, Neosil PC50S, QG 100, Quartz 30, RD 120, Rose Quartz8142, AEROSIC, Aerosil 130, Aerosil 255, ARSIL, BIOSILICA, Carneol8109, Citrine8114, DALTOSIL, DUROSIL, HAIRBALLS, KOMSIL, MICROSIL, MILOWHITE, MIZUKASIL, NOVAKUP, OSCAL, PHOTOX, PREGEL, REOLOSIL, ROMSIL, SIFLOX, SILEX, SILICAFILM, SILICALITE, Silicea 200C, Silicea 200X, Silicea8012, SILIPUR, SILMOS, SIONOX, SNOWTEX, Sorbpso; BFG10, SYTON, TOSIL, UNISIL, VERTICURINE, ZEOPAN, Fire Agate8116, Tigers Eye8152, NaturasilStretch Marks, Wacker HDK H30, Celite 503, ENTERO TEKNOSAL, Spheron PL-700, AEROSIL PST, CATALOID SA, CATALOID SN, NALCAST PLW, SANTOCEL CS, SNOWTEX OXS, SORBSIL MSG, ADELITE A, ELKEM SAND, FINESIL B, FUJIGEL B, FUSELEX X, GAROSIL GB, GAROSIL N, HIMESIL A, NEOSIL XV, NEOSYL GP, NIPSIL AQ, NIPSIL ER, NIPSIL ES, NIPSIL LP, NIPSIL NA, NIPSIL NS, NIPSIL NST, SANTOCEL Z, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade Powder, SILTON AK, SNOWTEX AK, SNOWTEX C, SNOWTEX N, SNOWTEX OL, TOKUSIL GU, TOKUSIL N, TOKUSIL NR, TOKUSIL P, TOKUSIL U, TOKUSIL UR, VULKASIL C, Wacker HDK T 30, Wacker HDK V 15, LUDOX LS, LUDOX TM, NEOSIL A, Sea sand, acid washed, Silica, fumed, powder, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade (NF), SILTON A, SYTON FM, CRYSTALITE 5V, CRYSTALITE 5X, GLASGRAIN SG-A, IMSIL H, Neosil CL2000, Sand 50-70 mesh, Silica, Anhydrous 31, SILICEA200ck, Spheron N-2000, Spheron P-1500, TOSIL P, Cab-O-Sil EH-5, Cab-O-Sil M-5P, Cab-O-Sil MS55, F 44, NIPSIL VN3LP, Silica gel, large pore, TOKUSIL GU-N, TOKUSIL GV-N, Wacker HDK N 20P, Wacker HDK N 25P, Y 40, KAOWOOL RIGIDIZER, CRYSTALITE FM 1, CRYSTALITE NA 1, HYPERSIL 3, HYPERSIL 5, MSP-X, Silica 6 Special Order, ULTRASIL VN 3SP, Hollow Silica Nanosphere, MIZUKASIL NP 8, MIZUKASIL SK 7, Silicon Oxide Dispersion, Silicon Oxide Nanopowder, CARPLEX FPS 1, CARPLEX FPS 3, NIPSIL VN 3AQ, SI-O-LITE, SILICA [INCI], SUPERNAT 22LS, SYLOID SILICA GEL, ULTRASIL VN 2, CARPLEX CS 5, CRYSTALITE CMC 1, silica (Silicone Dioxide Food Grade), silica fibers (biogenic), SILICATE [VANDF], Silicone Dioxide Food Grade (silica), SUPERNAT 50S, TOKUSIL AL 1, Celite (R) 545, MIZUKASIL P 78A, MIZUKASIL P 78F, Silica gel, ACS reagent, Wacker HDK V 15 P, Celite(R) 512 medium, HYPERSIL 10, Kieselguhr, -325 mesh, NIPSIL VN 3, OPRECARE 12, OPRECARE 24, SAND [INCI], SANTOCEL 54, SANTOCEL 62, Silica, 99.8%, SILNEX NP 8, SYLOBLOC 41, SYLOBLOC 44, SYLOBLOC 46, SYLOBLOC 47, TONICPET 12, ADELITE AT 20A, ADELITE AT 20Q, ADELITE AT 30S, CATALOID HS 40, CATALOID SI 40, HARIMIC SWC 05, MIZUKASIL P 78, Quartz 60 Special Order, SBA-15 Molecular Sieve, Silica 30 Special Order, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade Nanopowder, SNOWTEX NCS 30, ADELITE 30, ADELITE AT 30, AEROSIL BS 50, AEROSIL FK 60, AEROSIL OX 50, CARPLEX 67, DSSTox_CID_9677, HISILEX EF 10, Hollow Silica Microspheres, LUDOX 40HS, NIPSIL SS 50A, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade Dispersion, SILTON A 2, SILTON LP 75C, SILTON R 2, SNOWTEX 40, SUPERNAT 250S, TULLANOX A 50, ZEOTHIX 95, ZORBAX PSM 60, Cab-O-Sil LM-130, AEROSIL 130V, AEROSIL 200V, CATALOID SI 350, Epitope ID:158537, FINESIL E 50, FINESIL X 37, MIZUKASIL P 526, MIZUKASIL P 527, MIZUKASIL P 801, MIZUKASIL P 802, NEOSYL 81, NIPSIL SS 10, NIPSIL SS 50, PROTEK-SORB 121, REOLOSIL 202, REOLOSIL QS 102, SIDENT 12, Silica, fumed, hydrophobic, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade Nanospheres, SOLEX (M), SYLODENT 704, SYTON 30X, SYTON W 3, TULLANOX TM 500, ZEOSIL 175MP, ZEOSIL 75, ADELITE AD 321, AEROSIL A 200V, AEROSIL OK 412, AEROSIL TT 600, CAB-O-SIL HS 5, CAB-O-SIL M 5, CAB-O-SIL N 5, LUFILEN E 100, NALCOAG 1034A, Nano Silicone Dioxide Food Grade Powder, NIPSIL B 220A, NIPSIL E 150J, NIPSIL E 150K, NIPSIL E 150V, NIPSIL E 200A, NIPSIL E 220A, SILCRON G 100, SILCRON G 640, Silica gel 40-60Angstoms, TIX-O-SIL 33J, TIX-O-SIL 38A, AROGEN 500, CAB-O-SIL LM 50, DSSTox_RID_78805, EMSAC 460S, EMSAC 465T, IMSIL A 10, IMSIL A 15, IMSIL A 25, NEOSYL 186, NEOSYL 224, NUCLEOSIL 100-5, QUSO WR 55, QUSO WR 82, silica gel 60g (type60), silica gel 60h (type60), SSA 1, SSK 5, SYTON W 15, SYTON W 30, SYTON X 30, ZEOSYL 100, ZEOSYL 200, CAB-O-SIL MS 75D, CAB-O-SIL N 70TS, CARPLEX 1120, CELATOM(R) FW-60, DSSTox_GSID_29677, FILLITE 52/7, IMSIL A 108H, MIN-U-SIL 15, MIN-U-SIL 30, NALCO 2SS374, NALCO CD 100, NALCOAG 1030, NALCOAG 1050, NALCOAG 1060, NALCOAG 1115, NALCOAG 1129, NALCOAG 1140, NIPSIL E 150, NIPSIL E 200, NIPSIL G 300, NYACOL 2034A, P 2 (SILICA), Pesticide Code 072605, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, acid washed, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, acid-washed, VITASIL 1500, VITASIL 1600, ZEOSYL 1000V, BS 30 (FILLER), BS 50 (SILICA), CAB-M 5, Diatomaceous earth non-washed, EP 10TP, NALFLOC N 1030, SILICA GEL [WHO-DD], Silicone Dioxide Food Grade [II], Silicon(IV) oxide (SiO2), 2080 Dentistry Night Fresh, 92283-58-4, LO-VEL 24, LO-VEL 27, PHYENLIMCIDE TOOTHPASTE, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, Precipitated, EXSIL A 300, F 40 (SILICA), FILLITE 200/7, IATROBEADS 6RS8060, IMSIL A 108, NALCO 1034A, NALCO 84SS258, Silica fibers, 1/4'' long, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade [FCC], Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous, TIX-O-SIL 375, TS 100 (SILICA), ZEOSYL 2000, 2080 Dentistry Night Repair, CATALOID OSCAL 1432, Kieselguhr, calcined, purified, Silica gel, CP, blue, beads, Silica Gel 60-100 MESH, Silica, fused, respirable dust, 25wt% Silicon Oxide in Water, AW Standard Super-Cel(R) NF, B-6C, FK 320DS, HDK-V 15, HSDB 682, IMSIL 1240, INS NO.551, MCM-41, NALCO 1115, NALCO 1129, NALCO 1140, OSCAL 1132, OSCAL 1232, OSCAL 1432, OSCAL 1433, OSCAL 1434, Silica gel, CP, white, beads, Silicates (<1% crystalline silica):Graphite, natural, SIPUR 1500, SYLOID 244 [VANDF], ZEO 49, Hyflo(R) Super-Cel(R), CP, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade (SIO2), Silicone Dioxide Food Grade [VANDF], CHEMBL3188292, Cinis comp A 21 Special Order, DTXSID1029677, DTXSID6050465, Filter agent, Celite(R) 545, IATROBEADS GRS 80100, Sand, white quartz, CP, beads, silica gel 60gf254(type60), silica gel 60hf254(type60), Silicagel 60A 40-63 micron, SILICONE DIOXIDE [VANDF], B-CEL 300, Quarz cryst., 0.6-1.3 mm, Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size, medium, Silica gel, technical grade, 6-16 mesh, Silicon oxide powder, 99% Nano, 20 nm, SONATURAL ALL KILL BLACKHEAD CLEAR, CAS-7631-86-9, Silica gel desiccant, -3+8 mesh granules, Silica gel, 12-24 mesh (liquid drying), Silica gel, for column chromatography, 60, Celite(R) 281, filter aid, flux calcined, Celite(R) S, filter aid, dried, untreated, Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh, HY-154739, Silica gel desiccant, -6+12 mesh granules, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, purum p.a., acid purified, White Silica Gel Beads, 3 mm (2-5 mm), CS-0694521, Dr. Zenni GGOGGOMA ToothpasteVanilla flavor, F 307, FT-0624621, FT-0645127, FT-0689145, FT-0689270, FT-0696592, FT-0696603, FT-0697331, FT-0697389, FT-0700917, S0822, Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 220-440 mesh particle size, 35-75 mum particle size, for flash chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size, for flash chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 5-25 mum particle size, without binder, for thin layer chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum, for column chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, with ~13% calcium sulfate, for thin layer chromatography, Silica gel, high-purity grade, with ~15% calcium sulfate and fluorescent indicator, GF254, for thin layer chromatography, Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 2.2 micron APS, 80 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 470m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g, Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 120 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g, Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 70 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 500m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g, Silica gel, HPLC/UHPLC grade, spherical, 1.6 micron APS, 110 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g, Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 20 micron APS, 150 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 270m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g, Silica gel, technical grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), 60??, 230-400 mesh particle size, Ca 0.1-0.3 %, Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size, Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder & fluorescent indicator,12 Micron APS,S.A. 500-600m2/g,60A,pH 6.5-7.5, Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder, 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6-7, Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, without binder, with fluorescent indic., 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6.5-7.5, Silica gel, TLC high-purity grade, 5-25 mum, pore size 60 ??, with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, <150 mum particle size, pore size 4 nm, Hexagonal pore morphology, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, <150 mum particle size, pore size 6 nm, Hexagonal pore morphology, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, <150 mum particle size, pore size 8 nm, Hexagonal pore morphology, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, nanopowder (spherical, porous), 5-15 nm particle size (TEM), 99.5% trace metals basis, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, single crystal substrate, optical grade, 99.99% trace metals basis, <0001>, L x W x thickness 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm, Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,42 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 45 wt.%), Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether).

Silica is a common additive in food production (E551), where it is used primarily as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to adsorb water in hygroscopic applications.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as an anti-caking agent in powdered foods such as spices and non-dairy coffee creamer.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is the primary component of diatomaceous earth.

Colloidal silica is also used as a wine, beer, and juice fining agent.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, also known as silica, is a natural compound made of two of the earth’s most abundant materials: silicon (Si) and oxygen (O2).
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is most often recognized in the form of quartz.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s found naturally in water, plants, animals, and the earth.
The earth’s crust is 59 percent silica.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade makes up more than 95 percent of known rocks on the planet.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s even found naturally in the tissues of the human body.
Though it’s unclear what role it plays, it’s thought to be an essential nutrient our bodies need.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is primarily used as an anti-caking agent to prevent the clumping or sticking together of particles in powdered or granulated food products.
This helps maintain the free-flowing nature of these products.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is naturally present in many food items, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and certain beverages.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is a common component of the Earth's crust and is found in various forms, such as sand and quartz.
In the food industry, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade may be used in different physical forms, including amorphous (non-crystalline) and crystalline.
The choice of form depends on its intended use and the properties required in the final food product.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade has been evaluated by food safety authorities, and it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used in accordance with approved limits.
Regulatory bodies set specific limits on the amount of E551 that can be added to food products.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade has various industrial applications beyond the food industry.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and as a desiccant (moisture-absorbing agent).
Additionally, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade finds applications in the production of glass, ceramics, and as a carrier for certain flavors or active ingredients.
Particle size can influence the performance of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade in terms of its anti-caking properties and other functionalities.

In pharmaceutical products, silica aids powder flow when tablets are formed. In cosmetics, it's useful for its light-diffusing properties and natural absorbency.
Hydrated silica is used in toothpaste as a hard abrasive to remove tooth plaque.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade works as an anti-caking agent, and manufacturers add small amounts to some foods, cosmetics, and more to prevent products from clumping and binding together.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is mostly obtained by mining, including sand mining and purification of quartz.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is suitable for many purposes, while chemical processing is required to make a purer or otherwise more suitable (e.g. more reactive or fine-grained) product.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, also known as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is widely used in food products as a thickener, anticaking agent, and carrier for fragrances and flavors.

Derived from naturally occurring quartz, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is the most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s also naturally found in water and plant-based foods, especially cereals like oats, barley and rice.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade should not be confused with silicone, a plastic material that contains silicon and other chemicals used to make breast implants, medical tubing and other medical devices.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is a compound that’s naturally found in the earth’s crust in a crystalline state.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can be obtained from mining and purifying quart.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is also found in some organisms and animals, the human body (it’s a component of human ligaments, cartilage and musculature), plus some plants (especially grains) and in drinking water.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s created in labs and used as a common food additive, found in things like baking ingredients, protein powders and dried spices.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade has a variety of uses in industries ranging from food and cosmetics to construction and electronics.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is a food additive authorized as an anti-caking agent.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade's a nanomaterial, like titanium dioxide dye (E171), which EFSA has recently re-evaluated for toxicity.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade goes by the common name silica.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s also sometimes referred to as silicic anhydride or silicate.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade comes in several forms, depending on how it’s manufactured, including:
Crystalline silica, which is usually obtained from mining quartz.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade actually comprises a high percentage of the Earth’s crust, so this type is widely available.

This isn’t the form used in foods and can be problematic when inhaled over long periods of time.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, found in the earth’s sediments and rocks.
This also forms diatomite, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade or diatomaceous earth, which is made from deposits that accumulate over time in the sediment of rivers, streams, lakes and oceans.

This is the type most often used as an anti-caking agent to keep powdered foods free-flowing and to prevent moisture absorption.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, which is used in tablet-making.
This type is found in supplements because it has anti-caking, adsorbent, disintegrant and glidant effects.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is the most abundant mineral on earth and can be found naturally in many plants.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is synthetically obtained from a vapor-phase hydrolysis reaction producing fumed silica.
Another process to obtain synthetic Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is through a wet process to form hydrous silica.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, is a colorless crystalline substance with a high level of hardness and strength.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade does not react with water and is resistant to acids.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is generally insoluble in water and organic solvents.

This insolubility is one of the reasons Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as an anti-caking agent, as it remains in its particulate form, preventing the formation of clumps in dry products.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is chemically inert, meaning it does not react with other substances in the food.
This makes it suitable for use in a wide range of products without affecting the taste or chemical composition of the food.

Some forms of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade may exist in hydrated or colloidal forms.
These hydrated forms may have specific applications in different industries, including food and beverages.
In some cases, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade may be used in combination with other anti-caking agents or additives to achieve synergistic effects, enhancing the overall anti-caking performance.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in pharmaceutical formulations as a flow agent and to improve the compressibility of certain drugs during tablet manufacturing.
In food products, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is often listed on ingredient labels as "silica" or "Silicone Dioxide Food Grade."
The specific particle size and form may also be indicated, especially in cases where different forms are available for specific applications.

Ongoing research in materials science and nanotechnology may lead to the development of new forms or applications of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, both in the food industry and other sectors.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is artificially produced amorphous Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, also known as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS).
Over the decades, two production methods (wet chemical and pyrogenic) have become established, for which the resulting E 551 products are chemically identical.

The food additive is available for downstream processing as a powder or a granulate.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is important to note here that E 551 is not what is known as colloidal silica, which is a liquid with extremely finely divided nanoparticles.
In the majority of Silicone Dioxide Food Grades, the silicon atom shows tetrahedral coordination, with four oxygen atoms surrounding a central Si atom (see 3-D Unit Cell).

Thus, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade forms 3-dimensional network solids in which each silicon atom is covalently bonded in a tetrahedral manner to 4 oxygen atoms.
In contrast, CO2 is a linear molecule.
The starkly different structures of the dioxides of carbon and silicon are a manifestation of the double bond rule.

Based on the crystal structural differences, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can be divided into two categories: crystalline and non-crystalline (amorphous).
In the form of crystalline, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can be found naturally occurring as quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, stishovite, and coesite.
On the other hand, amorphous silica can be found in nature as opal, infusorial earth and diatomaceous earth.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade glass is the form of intermediate state between this structure.
All of this distinct crystalline forms always have the same local structure around Si and O.
In α-quartz the Si–O bond length is 161 pm, whereas in α-tridymite it is in the range 154–171 pm.

The Si–O–Si angle also varies between a low value of 140° in α-tridymite, up to 180° in β-tridymite. In α-quartz, the Si–O–Si angle is 144°.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as a defoamer component.
In its capacity as a refractory, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is useful in fiber form as a high-temperature thermal protection fabric.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in the extraction of DNA and RNA due to its ability to bind to the nucleic acids under the presence of chaotropes.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade was used in the Stardust spacecraft to collect extraterrestrial particles.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, when cooled as fused quartz into a glass with no true melting point, can be used as a glass fibre for fibreglass.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is a relatively inert material (hence its widespread occurrence as a mineral).
Silica is often used as inert containers for chemical reactions.
At high temperatures, it is converted to silicon by reduction with carbon.

Fluorine reacts with Silicone Dioxide Food Grade to form SiF4 and O2 whereas the other halogen gases (Cl2, Br2, I2) are unreactive.
Most forms of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade are attacked ("etched") by hydrofluoric acid (HF) to produce hexafluorosilicic acid:
SiO2 + 6 HF → H2SiF6 + 2 H2O

Stishovite does not react to HF to any significant degree.
HF is used to remove or pattern Silicone Dioxide Food Grade in the semiconductor industry.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade acts as a Lux–Flood acid, being able to react with bases under certain conditions.

As it does not contain any hydrogen, non-hydrated silica cannot directly act as a Brønsted–Lowry acid.
While Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is only poorly soluble in water at low or neutral pH (typically, 2 × 10−4 M for quartz up to 10−3 M for cryptocrystalline chalcedony), strong bases react with glass and easily dissolve it.
Therefore, strong bases have to be stored in plastic bottles to avoid jamming the bottle cap, to preserve the integrity of the recipient, and to avoid undesirable contamination by silicate anions.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade reacts in heated reflux under dinitrogen with ethylene glycol and an alkali metal base to produce highly reactive, pentacoordinate silicates which provide access to a wide variety of new silicon compounds.
The silicates are essentially insoluble in all polar solvent except methanol.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is currently regarded as a safe food additive when used following the appropriate levels to obtain the desired effect on the food product, and never exceeding the 2% limit.

However, authorities in the EU are reviewing potential hazardous effects of its nanoparticles.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, also known as silica, silicic acid or silicic acid anydride is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.
In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand.

Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as synthetic product.
Notable examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, silica gel, and aerogels.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in structural materials, microelectronics -as an electrical insulator-, and as components in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica is toxic and can lead to severe inflammation of the lung tissue, silicosis, bronchitis, lung cancer, and systemic autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Uptake of amorphous Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, in high doses, leads to non-permanent short-term inflammation, where all effects heal.
Sinofi is a leading Silicone Dioxide Food Grade supplier and manufacturer in China.

Silicone Dioxide Food Gradehydrofluoric.
Sinofi is a reliable Silicone Dioxide Food Grade supplier and manufacturer in China.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is commonly manufactured through the high-temperature melting and cooling of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade-rich rocks or minerals, such as quartz or sand.

In the food, beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, the typical manufacture of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade occurs via a synthetic process, creating the compound from silica gel or sodium silicate.
These processes vary based on the final application for Silicone Dioxide Food Grade.
For example, in the food and beverage industry, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade may undergo additional processing to ensure it meets regulatory requirements for safety and purity.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade also known as silica, is a natural compound made of two of the earth’s most abundant materials: silicon (Si) and oxygen [O2].
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is most often recognized in the form of quartz.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s found naturally in water, plants, animals, and the earth.

The earth’s crust is 59% silica. It makes up more than 95 percent of known rocks on the planet.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s Silicone Dioxide Food Grade in the form of sand that gets between toes.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s even found naturally in the tissues of the human body.

Though it’s unclear what role it plays, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s thought to be an essential nutrient our bodies need.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is also added to many foods and supplements.
As a food additive, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade serves as an anti-caking agent to avoid clumping.

In supplements, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade's used to prevent the various powdered ingredients from sticking together.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade and Hydrated Silica are used in a wide range of cosmetics and personal care products including bath products, eye makeup, hair care products, makeup, nail care products, oral hygiene products and skin care products.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, is one of the most abundant materials on earth, available as White powder.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is widely used as flow agent in powdered foods and fining agent in wine, beer, and juice.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is widely accepted as safe food additive in many countries with E number E551.
As a professional supplier and manufacturer of food additives, Foodchem International Corporation has been supplying quality Silicone Dioxide Food Grade to customers all over the world for over 10 years.

In the context of food, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade's commonly used as an anti-caking agent, where it helps prevent the formation of lumps or clumps in powdered or granulated food products.
This property makes Silicone Dioxide Food Grade useful in various food items such as salt, spices, and powdered drink mixes.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade exists in several structural forms: polymorphic crystalline silica, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica.
The substance occurs as translucent granules or as a powder with a porous surface and pores of various sizes.
After drying Silicone Dioxide Food Grade contains 4% water.
The adsorption capacity of silica gel varies according to how the gel is obtained, according to the concentration of the solution from which it was precipitated or according to the reaction temperature or pH of the wash water.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is considered safe for consumption in regulated amounts.
It's important to note that Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is a naturally occurring compound and is found in many forms, including as quartz, sand, and certain types of rocks.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon, most commonly found in nature as quartz and in various living organisms.

In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand.
Silica is one of the most complex and most abundant families of materials, existing as a compound of several minerals and as a synthetic product.
Notable examples include fused quartz, fumed silica, silica gel, and aerogels.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in structural materials, microelectronics, and components in the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, also known as silica or SiO2, is a naturally occurring compound.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade's made of silicon and oxygen.

Both elements are abundant on our planet.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is an amorphous substance, produced either synthetically or by a vapour-phase hydrolysis process, yielding pyrogenic silica.
The dry process produces silica precipitate, silica gel or hydrated silica.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is mainly obtained in the anhydrous state, while the other products in the wet process are obtained as hydrates or contain water absorbed at the surface.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, or silica, is a combination of silicon and oxygen, two very abundant, naturally occurring materials.
There are many forms of silica.

They all have the same makeup but may have a different name, depending on how the particles arrange themselves.
In general, there are two groups of silica: crystalline silica and amorphous silica.

This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for specialized applications.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, also known as silica, is an oxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2, commonly found in nature as quartz.

In many parts of the world, silica is the major constituent of sand.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is abundant as it comprises several minerals and synthetic products.
All forms are white or colorless, although impure samples can be colored.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is a common fundamental constituent of glass.
A Silicone Dioxide Food Grade made up of linear triatomic molecules in which a silicon atom is covalently bonded to two oxygens.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, is an anti-caking substance, used for clarification and stabilisation.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is the chemical formula of a group of inorganic polymers where each silicon atom is surrounded by 4 tetrahedrally arranged oxygen atoms.
The average stoichiometric composition of the compound is SiO2.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is the most abundant mineral in the earth’s crust, because sand is composed of silica.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is found in nature in three forms: crystalline, polymorphic and various amorphous or microcrystalline forms.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is obtained by acidifying a solution of sodium silicate in water.
Unstable silicic acid is formed, which on removal of water forms a colloidal solution from which hydrated SiO2 precipitates.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is one of the most important and abundant oxides on earth, constituting about 60% weight of the earth’s crust as silica itself or in combination with other metal oxides in silicates.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade commonly is found as sand in the vast ocean and river shores, their beds, deserts, rocks, and minerals.

Melting point: >1600 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
refractive index: 1.46
Flash point: 2230°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid. It dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
form: suspension
pka: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
Specific Gravity: 2.2
color: White to yellow
PH: 5-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 6: forms irreversible hydrate
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8493
Exposure limits NIOSH: IDLH 3000 mg/m3; TWA 6 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.

In the modern world, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade occurs in bacteria, single-celled organisms, plants, and animals (invertebrates and vertebrates).
Tests or frustules (i.e. shells) of diatoms, Radiolaria, and testate amoebae.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade in the cells of many plants, including Equisetaceae, practically all grasses, and a wide range of dicotyledons.

The spicules forming the skeleton of many sponges.
Crystalline minerals formed in the physiological environment often show exceptional physical properties (e.g., strength, hardness, fracture toughness) and tend to form hierarchical structures that exhibit microstructural order over a range of scales.
The minerals are crystallized from an environment that is undersaturated concerning Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, and under conditions of neutral pH and low temperature (0–40 °C).

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is the primary ingredient in the production of most glass.
As other minerals are melted with Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, the principle of freezing point depression lowers the melting point of the mixture and increases fluidity.
The glass transition temperature of pure SiO2 is about 1475 K.

When molten Silicone Dioxide Food Grade SiO2 is rapidly cooled, it does not crystallize, but solidifies as a glass.
Because of this, most ceramic glazes have silica as the main ingredient.
The structural geometry of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade and oxygen in glass is similar to that in quartz and most other crystalline forms of silicon and oxygen with silicon surrounded by regular tetrahedra of oxygen centres.

The difference between the glass and crystalline forms arises from the connectivity of the tetrahedral units: Although there is no long-range periodicity in the glassy network ordering remains at length scales well beyond the SiO bond length.
One example of this ordering is the preference to form rings of 6-tetrahedra.
The majority of optical fibers for telecommunication are also made from silica.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is a primary raw material for many ceramics such as earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain.
The solubility of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade in water strongly depends on its crystalline form and is three to four times higher for silica than quartz; as a function of temperature, it peaks around 340 °C (644 °F).
This property is used to grow single crystals of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade in a hydrothermal process where natural quartz is dissolved in superheated water in a pressure vessel that is cooler at the top.

These crystals are a source of very pure quartz for use in electronic applications.
Above the critical temperature of water 647.096 K (373.946 °C; 705.103 °F) and a pressure of 22.064 megapascals (3,200.1 psi) or higher, water is a supercritical fluid and solubility is once again higher than at lower temperatures.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is an occupational hazard for people who do sandblasting or work with products that contain powdered crystalline silica.

Amorphous Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, such as fumed silica, may cause irreversible lung damage in some cases but is not associated with the development of silicosis.
Children, asthmatics of any age, those with allergies, and the elderly (all of whom have reduced lung capacity) can be affected in less time.
In the food and beverage industry, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is an anti-caking agent preventing powders and granulated products from clumping.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is also a thickener, stabilizer, and emulsifier in products like salad dressings, sauces, and soft drinks.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is approved as a food additive in the UK by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and is considered safe for human consumption.
For Pharmaceutical Industry applications, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is an excipient (binds active ingredients) in medications.

Additionally, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as a desiccant to absorb moisture and prevent spoilage in medications and dietary supplements.
The use of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade in pharmaceuticals is regulated in the UK and must meet certain quality and safety standards.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is also used in cosmetic products in the UK as an abrasive in toothpaste and exfoliating scrubs, as well as a thickener and anti-caking agent.

Industrial applications use Silicone Dioxide Food Grade as a reinforcing filler in rubber and plastic products and a polishing agent in the production of glass and ceramics.
Amorphous non-porous Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in the food industry as an auxiliary substance E551, which prevents caking and clumping, in parapharmaceuticals (toothpastes), in the pharmaceutical industry as an auxiliary substance (included in most pharmacopoeias), to stabilize suspensions and liniments, as a thickener for ointments bases, fillers for tablets and suppositories.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is part of the composition of filling materials, reduces the hygroscopicity of dry extracts, slows down the release of biologically active substances from various dosage forms; as food additives and sorbents, as well as matrices for creating dosage forms with desired properties - since there is no crystal structure (amorphene), and also as a food additive or drug as an enterosorbent Polysorb MP with a wide range of applications, taking into account high specific sorption surface (in the range of 300-400 m²) per 1 g of the basic substance.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade E551 can be used as flow agent in food such as in cheese, fat spreads, confectionery, dried vegetables.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade E551 maintain the strength and density of bones, thus reducing the risk of diseases like arthritis and osteoarthritis in pharmaceutical.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can be found in products such as toothpaste, skin creams, and powders.
In cosmetics, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is often used as an abrasive agent in toothpaste or as a thickening agent in lotions and creams.

Apart from its use in tablet manufacturing, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is also employed in pharmaceuticals as a desiccant.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade helps in preserving the quality of medications by preventing moisture absorption, which can degrade the stability of certain drugs.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, particularly in mesoporous forms like SBA-15, is used as a support material for catalysts in various chemical processes.

The high surface area and well-defined pores of SBA-15 make it suitable for catalytic applications.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade nanoparticles, especially in the nanometer range, have gained attention in materials science.
They are explored for applications in nanocomposites, sensors, and as carriers for drug delivery due to their unique properties at the nanoscale.

Single crystal substrates of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade are used in optics and electronics.
These substrates provide a high-quality surface for the deposition of other materials, making them essential in the production of various electronic devices.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade sols, prepared using the sol-gel process, have applications in coatings, films, and as a precursor for glass and ceramics.

The sol-gel process allows for the formation of thin films with controlled properties.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, due to its absorbent properties, is used in industrial applications for drying gases and liquids.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is employed in systems where the removal of moisture is crucial for maintaining the efficiency and integrity of processes.

Ongoing research in nanotechnology involves exploring new forms and applications of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade nanoparticles for their unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is also the primary component of rice husk ash, which is used, for example, in filtration and as supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in cement and concrete manufacturing.
For well over a 1000 million years, silicification in and by cells has been common in the biological world.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is obtained like silica gel by acidifying an aqueous solution of sodium silicate.
Precipitated silica is used as filler in rubber for automobile tires and reinforcement particulate in elastomers, and as a flatting agent in paints and coatings for improving the flatness of coatings.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade for high technology applications uses isopiestic vapour distillation from concentrated volatile acids and is absorbed in high purity water.

The impurities remain behind.
Preliminary cleaning to remove surface contaminants uses dip etching in HF or a mixture of HCl, H2O2 and deionised water [Phelan & Powell Analyst 109 1299 1984].
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, amorphous is a noncombustible solid.

Generally unreactive chemically.
Incompatible with fluorine, oxygen difluoride, chlorine trifluoride.
Soluble in molten alkalis and reacts with most metallic oxides at high temperature.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is found in plants and drinking water, it is safe.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is known that the silicon we consume through diet does not accumulate in the body, it is eliminated by the kidneys.
There is no evidence so far that the additive Silicone Dioxide Food Grade used in current quantities in the food and pharmaceutical industry is toxic.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade occurs widely in nature. The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) give an idea to just how common this compound is.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is easiest to recognize by its common name, quartz, which makes up about 12% of the earth’s crust.
However, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade also occurs naturally in everything from water and plants to animals.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade sand covers many beaches, and it makes up most of the rocks on earth.
In fact, silica-containing minerals or silica itself make up more than 95% of the earth’s crust.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is also added to many foods and supplements.

As a food additive, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade serves as an anticaking agent to avoid clumping.
In supplements, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s used to prevent the various powdered ingredients from sticking together.
As with many food additives, consumers often have concerns about Silicone Dioxide Food Grade as an additive. However, numerous studies suggest there’s no cause for these concerns.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is the most stable form of solid SiO2 at room temperature.
The high-temperature minerals, cristobalite and tridymite, have both lower densities and indices of refraction than Silicone Dioxide Food Grade.
The transformation from α-quartz to beta-quartz takes place abruptly at 573 °C.

Since the transformation is accompanied by a significant change in volume, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can easily induce fracturing of ceramics or rocks passing through this temperature limit.
The high-pressure minerals, seifertite, stishovite, and coesite, though, have higher densities and indices of refraction than Silicone Dioxide Food Grade.
Stishovite has a rutile-like structure where silicon is 6-coordinate.

The density of stishovite is 4.287 g/cm3, which compares to Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, the densest of the low-pressure forms, which has a density of 2.648 g/cm3.
The difference in density can be ascribed to the increase in coordination as the six shortest Si–O bond lengths in stishovite (four Si–O bond lengths of 176 pm and two others of 181 pm) are greater than the Si–O bond length (161 pm) in Silicone Dioxide Food Grade.
The change in the coordination increases the ionicity of the Si–O bond.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, another polymorph, is obtained by the dealumination of a low-sodium, ultra-stable Y zeolite with combined acid and thermal treatment.
The resulting product contains over 99% silica, and has high crystallinity and specific surface area (over 800 m2/g).
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade has very high thermal and acid stability.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade maintains a high degree of long-range molecular order or crystallinity even after boiling in concentrated hydrochloric acid.
Molten Silicone Dioxide Food Grade exhibits several peculiar physical characteristics that are similar to those observed in liquid water: negative temperature expansion, density maximum at temperatures ~5000 °C, and a heat capacity minimum.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is density decreases from 2.08 g/cm3 at 1950 °C to 2.03 g/cm3 at 2200 °C.

Even though it is poorly soluble, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade occurs in many plants such as rice.
Plant materials with high Silicone Dioxide Food Grade phytolith content appear to be of importance to grazing animals, from chewing insects to ungulates.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade accelerates tooth wear, and high levels of silica in plants frequently eaten by herbivores may have developed as a defense mechanism against predation.

Uses:
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as an anti-caking agent to avoid lumps.
In dietary supplements, this additive is used to prevent various ingredients from sticking together in powder form.
Manufacturers use silica to make everything from glass to cement, but it also has a use in the food industry as an additive and anticaking agent.

This type of food additive prevents foods from caking or sticking together in clumps.
This may help ensure a Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s shelf life, protect against the effects of moisture, and keep powdered ingredients from sticking together and helping them flow smoothly.
About 95% of the commercial use of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade occurs in the construction industry, e.g. for the production of concrete (Portland cement concrete).

Certain deposits of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade sand, with desirable particle size and shape and desirable clay and other mineral content, were important for sand casting of metallic products.
The high melting point of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade enables it to be used in such applications such as iron casting; modern sand casting sometimes uses other minerals for other reasons.
Crystalline Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in hydraulic fracturing of formations which contain tight oil and shale gas.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, either colloidal, precipitated, or pyrogenic fumed, is a common additive in food production.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used primarily as a flow or anti-caking agent in powdered foods such as spices and non-dairy coffee creamer, or powders to be formed into pharmaceutical tablets.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can adsorb water in hygroscopic applications.
Colloidal silica is used as a fining agent for wine, beer, and juice, with the E number reference Silicone Dioxide Food Grade.
In cosmetics, silica is useful for its light-diffusing properties[33] and natural absorbency.

Diatomaceous earth, a mined product, has been used in food and cosmetics for centuries.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade consists of the silica shells of microscopic diatoms; in a less processed form it was sold as "tooth powder".
Manufactured or mined hydrated silica is used as the hard abrasive in toothpaste.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade exist as white, fluffy powders that are produced through a wet process, yielding silica or silica gel, or a thermal route, yielding pyrogenic (fumed) silica.
In powdered foods, the silica clings to the particles of the foods and prevents them from clumping.
This allows powdery products to remain free-flowing, and other products easy to separate.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade also functions as a defoaming agent, carrier, conditioning agent, chillproofing agent in malt beverages (like beer) and filter aid.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade’s also used to manufacture materials such as adhesives and paper for food-packaging materials.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in permitted finished products, taking into account the relevant limitations, in accordance with the regulations in the Turkish Food Codex Regulation on Food Additives and vertical communiqués.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is commonly used as an anti-caking agent in food products.
The morphology and the dimension of the added silica particles are not, however, usually stated on the food product label.
The food industry has adapted nanotechnology using engineered nanoparticles to improve the quality of their product.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade E551 can be used in Food, Beverage, Pharmaceutical, Health & Personal care products, Agriculture/Animal Feed/Poultry.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as a flow agent in powdered foods, or to absorb water in hygroscopic applications.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is often used in cheese, fat spreads, confectionery, dried vegetables, etc.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade E551 is a dioxide of silicon with the chemical formula SiO2.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as a anti-caking agent, carrier, and dispersant that can absorb 120% of its weight and remain a free flowing substance.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in a wide variety of products such as salt, flour, powdered soups, coffee, vanilla powder, baking powder, dried egg yolk, and tortilla chips.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as an anti-caking agent in powdered and granulated foods, preventing clumping and improving flowability.
In pharmaceuticals, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is often used as a glidant or flow agent in the manufacturing of tablets.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade helps in the uniform distribution of ingredients and improves the flow of the powder.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can be used as a thickening agent in lotions, creams, and powders in the cosmetic industry.
In toothpaste, it serves as an abrasive agent for cleaning teeth.
Mesoporous forms of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, such as SBA-15, are used as support materials for catalysts in various chemical processes.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade nanoparticles find applications in nanocomposites, sensors, and drug delivery systems due to their unique properties at the nanoscale.
Single Crystal Substrates: Silicone Dioxide Food Grade single crystal substrates are used in electronics and optics as a high-quality surface for depositing other materials in the production of electronic devices.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as a desiccant to absorb moisture, preserving the quality and stability of pharmaceuticals and certain food products.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade sols, prepared through the sol-gel process, are used in coatings, films, and as precursors for glass and ceramics.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is employed in various industrial processes for drying gases and liquids due to its absorbent properties.
Ongoing research explores new forms and applications of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade nanoparticles in areas such as electronics, optics, and materials science.

In the construction industry, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can be used as an additive in concrete to improve its strength and durability.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is sometimes used in water treatment processes for the removal of impurities.
In chromatography, silica gel is commonly used as a stationary phase for separating and purifying chemical compounds.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade gel with specific particle sizes and binders is used in TLC for separating and analyzing mixtures.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade gel with defined pore sizes and particle sizes is employed in flash chromatography for rapid separation of compounds.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade-grade silica gel in spherical form is utilized as a stationary phase in HPLC columns for high-resolution liquid chromatography.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade gel with larger particle sizes is used in preparative chromatography for the purification of larger quantities of compounds.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is commonly found in desiccant packs used to absorb moisture in packaging for products like electronics, leather goods, and food.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, with well-defined pore sizes, is employed in catalysts, adsorbents, and in various applications in materials science.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade nanoparticles find applications in targeted drug delivery, imaging agents, and as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in optical coatings, providing anti-reflective properties and enhancing the performance of lenses and mirrors.
As a reinforcing filler in rubber and plastic industries, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade improves the mechanical properties and durability of the materials.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade nanoparticles are researched for potential applications in enhanced oil recovery and as additives for drilling fluids.
Silica nanoparticles are used in paints and coatings to enhance scratch resistance, durability, and provide a smoother finish.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used as a thickening agent in adhesives and sealants, improving their viscosity and performance.

Silica is used as an abrasive in various applications, including in the polishing of lenses, glass, and other surfaces.
Silica nanoparticles are explored for applications in imaging, diagnostics, and drug delivery in the biomedical field.

Silica gel can be used in water purification processes to remove impurities and contaminants.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade-based materials are studied for potential use in fuel processing and fuel cell technologies.

silica is also known as Silicone Dioxide Food Grade.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can also function as an abrasive.

In addition, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel.
Spherical silica is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight.
A typical claim associated with silica is oil control.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations.
Functionalized RAFT agent for controlled radical polymerization; especially suited for the polymerization of styrene; acrylate and acrylamide monomers.

Azide group can be used to conjugate to a variety of alkyne-functionalized biomolecules.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur).
This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes.

They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings.
They are relatively expensive.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed.

Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications.
Synthetic Silicone Dioxide Food Grades are used as a rheology control agent in plastics.
Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones.

Silicone Dioxide Food Grade comes from the fact that it is an absorbent with a high capacity to retain vapours, gases or even various impurities present in some food products.
For example, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is used in beer because it absorbs the high molecular proteins responsible for clouding the finished product.

This treatment does not affect foam stability, colour or taste of the product.
The additive is also used in some food products as a carrier for colours and antifoams as well as a drying agent.

Safety Profile:
Silica ingested orally is essentially nontoxic, with an LD50 of 5000 mg/kg (5 g/kg).
A 2008 study following subjects for 15 years found that higher levels of silica in water appeared to decrease the risk of dementia.
An increase of 10 mg/day of silica in drinking water was associated with a decreased risk of dementia of 11%.

Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica dust can lead to silicosis, bronchitis, or lung cancer, as the dust becomes lodged in the lungs and continuously irritates the tissue, reducing lung capacities.
When fine silica particles are inhaled in large enough quantities (such as through occupational exposure), it increases the risk of systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis compared to expected rates in the general population.

Diatomaceous earth is used as a filtering agent and as a filler in construction materials, pesticides, paints, and varnishes.
The calcined version (which has been heat treated) is the most dangerous and contains crystallized silica, and should be handled as silica.
Side effects and risks of Silicone Dioxide Food Grade:

Some researchers have called for further investigation into the types of silica that find their way into food products.
These include nanoparticles, which are silica particles that are much smaller than most of the particles that occur in nature.
The concern is that these tiny particles could reach different areas of the body and even get into the cells themselves.

Many food additives tend to raise concerns from people who want to be aware of what they are eating, and Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is no different.
Inhaling finely divided crystalline silica can lead to severe inflammation of the lung tissue, silicosis, bronchitis, lung cancer, and systemic autoimmune diseases, such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
Inhalation of amorphous Silicone Dioxide Food Grade, in high doses, leads to non-permanent short-term inflammation, where all effects heal.

While the name may seem unfamiliar, Silicone Dioxide Food Grade is a natural compound. Many studies suggest that there is no cause for concern when people are consuming Silicone Dioxide Food Grade in normal doses, such as the small amounts that manufacturers put in food products to prevent caking.
The pure unaltered form is considered a nuisance dust.

Some deposits contain small amounts of crystahne quartz and are therefore fibrogenic.
When diatomaceous earth is calcined (with or without fluxing agents) some sdica is converted to cristobalite and is therefore fibrogenic.
Tridymite has never been detected in calcined batomaceous earth.

SILICONE POLYETHER
Silicone Polyether is a type of silicone-based polymer that contains polyether groups.
Silicone Polyether is also known as silicone polyether copolymer, polyether-modified silicone, or silicone polyether surfactant.



APPLICATIONS


Silicone Polyether is a versatile material with a wide range of applications in various industries due to its unique properties and ability to improve the performance of various products.
Some common applications of Silicone Polyether include:

Personal care:
Silicone Polyether is commonly used in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and skincare products as a surfactant, emulsifier, and/or conditioner.


Coatings:
Silicone Polyether is used as a coating additive to improve adhesion, water repellency, and durability of coatings such as paints, varnishes, and sealants.


Textiles:
Silicone Polyether is used in the textile industry to improve the softness, flexibility, and water repellency of fabrics.


Industrial applications:
Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant or emulsifier in various industrial applications such as metalworking fluids, detergents, and cleaning products.


Agriculture:
Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent in agricultural products such as herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers to improve coverage and adhesion.


Food and beverage:
Silicone Polyether is used in the food and beverage industry as a foam stabilizer, emulsifier, and/or defoamer.


Pharmaceuticals:
Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant or emulsifier in pharmaceutical formulations such as creams, ointments, and gels.


Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions.
Silicone Polyether is added to coatings such as paints and varnishes to improve adhesion and durability.
Silicone Polyether is commonly used in the textile industry to improve the softness, flexibility, and water repellency of fabrics.

Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant or emulsifier in various industrial applications such as metalworking fluids, detergents, and cleaning products.
Silicone Polyether is used in agricultural products such as herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers to improve coverage and adhesion.

Silicone Polyether is used as a foam stabilizer, emulsifier, and/or defoamer in the food and beverage industry.
Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant or emulsifier in pharmaceutical formulations such as creams, ointments, and gels.

Silicone Polyether is added to hair care products such as hair sprays and mousses to improve hold and shine.
Silicone Polyether is used in the manufacture of antifoams and defoamers used in industrial processes such as wastewater treatment.
Silicone Polyether is added to automotive and industrial lubricants to improve performance and reduce friction.

Silicone Polyether is used in the production of silicone rubbers and elastomers for various applications.
Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in the production of polyurethane foams.

Silicone Polyether is added to cleaning products such as detergents and degreasers to improve cleaning efficiency.
Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent in the production of inks and coatings for printing applications.

Silicone Polyether is added to drilling fluids in the oil and gas industry to improve lubricity and reduce friction.
Silicone Polyether is used as a foam stabilizer in the production of latex paints and coatings.
Silicone Polyether is added to metalworking fluids to improve lubrication and cooling properties.

Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent in the production of ceramics to improve surface wetting and reduce defects.
Silicone Polyether is used in the production of silicone-based adhesives and sealants.

Silicone Polyether is used in the production of personal lubricants and sexual lubricants.
Silicone Polyether is added to water treatment chemicals to improve performance and reduce costs.

Silicone Polyether is used in the production of surfactants for various applications.
Silicone Polyether is added to food packaging materials to improve moisture resistance and reduce fogging.
Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant in the production of emulsions for various applications.

Silicone Polyether is used in the production of electronic components such as adhesives, coatings, and sealants.
Silicone Polyether is added to cleaning products such as glass cleaners to improve cleaning efficiency and reduce streaking.

Silicone Polyether is used as a lubricant in the textile industry to improve the performance of spinning and weaving equipment.
Silicone Polyether is used as a foam stabilizer and emulsifier in the production of polyurethane foams.

Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant in the production of paints and coatings for various applications.
Silicone Polyether is added to cosmetic products such as facial masks and scrubs to improve exfoliation and cleansing properties.

Silicone Polyether is used as a release agent in the production of molded plastic and rubber parts.
Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent in the production of silicone emulsions for various applications.

Silicone Polyether is added to hydraulic fluids to improve lubrication and reduce wear.
Silicone Polyether is used as a foam stabilizer in the production of polyethylene foam.
Silicone Polyether is added to metalworking fluids to improve rust and corrosion resistance.

Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant in the production of paper and pulp.
Silicone Polyether is added to cementitious materials such as mortar and grout to improve water resistance and adhesion.

Silicone Polyether is used as a defoamer in the production of latex and synthetic rubber.
Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent in the production of leather goods.

Silicone Polyether is added to printing inks to improve ink transfer and reduce misting.
Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent and leveling agent in the production of wood coatings.
Silicone Polyether is added to coolant fluids to improve heat transfer and reduce corrosion.

Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant in the production of detergents and cleaning products.
Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent and dispersant in the production of pigment pastes and colorants.

Silicone Polyether is added to mold release agents to improve release properties and reduce buildup.
Silicone Polyether is used as a foam stabilizer in the production of polypropylene foam.

Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant in the production of inkjet inks.
Silicone Polyether is added to lubricating oils to improve performance and reduce viscosity.

Silicone Polyether is used as a defoamer in the production of adhesives and sealants.
Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant in the production of ceramics and glass.
Silicone Polyether is added to rubber compounding agents to improve processability and physical properties.

Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent and leveling agent in the production of architectural coatings.
Silicone Polyether is added to coolant fluids to improve foam control and reduce cavitation.

Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in the production of metal cleaners and degreasers.
Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent and leveling agent in the production of coil coatings.

Silicone Polyether is added to printing inks to improve pigment dispersion and reduce drying time.
Silicone Polyether is used as a wetting agent in the production of foam insulation materials.
Silicone Polyether is used as a surfactant and emulsifier in the production of metalworking fluids.

Silicone Polyether is added to hydraulic fluids to improve viscosity and reduce friction.
Silicone Polyether is used as a foam stabilizer and emulsifier in the production of polyisocyanurate foam.



DESCRIPTION


Silicone Polyether is a type of silicone-based polymer that contains polyether groups.
Silicone Polyether is also known as silicone polyether copolymer, polyether-modified silicone, or silicone polyether surfactant.

Silicone Polyether is widely used in various industries, including personal care, coatings, textiles, and industrial applications.
Silicone Polyether is commonly used as a surfactant or emulsifier due to its unique chemical structure, which allows it to lower the surface tension of liquids and stabilize emulsions.


Silicone Polyether offers several benefits, including:

Improved wetting and spreading
Reduced surface tension
Increased foam stability
Improved emulsion stability
Enhanced lubrication
Increased softness and flexibility in textiles
Improved water repellency
Increased adhesion and coating flexibility
Overall, Silicone Polyether is a versatile material that is widely used in many applications due to its unique properties and ability to improve the performance of various products.



PROPERTIES


Molecular weight: varies depending on the specific formulation
Density: varies depending on the specific formulation
Solubility: soluble in water and many organic solvents
pH range: typically between 4 and 8
Viscosity: can range from low to high, depending on the specific formulation and molecular weight
Surface tension: low, which makes it an effective wetting agent
Hydrophobicity: hydrophobic due to the silicone component
Chemical resistance: resistant to acids, bases, and many organic solvents
Thermal stability: stable over a wide temperature range, typically up to 200°C
Foaming properties: can act as a foam stabilizer or defoamer depending on the specific formulation and concentration
Emulsifying properties: can be used as an emulsifier in a variety of applications
Lubricity: can improve lubrication properties in some formulations
Release properties: can improve release properties in some formulations
Surfactant properties: can act as a surfactant in a variety of applications
Biocompatibility: can be used in some medical and personal care applications due to its biocompatibility and low toxicity.



FIRST AID


In case of exposure or contact with Silicone Polyether, the following first aid measures should be taken:

Inhalation:
If inhaled, move the person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, or difficulty breathing persist, seek medical attention.


Skin contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and rinse affected skin with plenty of water.
If skin irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.


Eye contact:
Rinse eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek medical attention if eye irritation persists.


Ingestion:
If ingested, rinse mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute the substance.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Seek medical attention if symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea occur.


Note: Always read and follow the specific first aid instructions and safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer for the particular formulation of Silicone Polyether you are working with.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Here are some general handling and storage conditions for Silicone Polyether:

Handling:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and safety glasses, when handling the substance.
Avoid inhalation or contact with skin, eyes, or clothing.
Always follow good industrial hygiene practices, such as washing hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling the substance.


Storage:

Store Silicone Polyether in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat and ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids or bases.
Always follow the specific storage instructions provided by the manufacturer for the particular formulation of Silicone Polyether you are working with.


Fire safety:

Silicone Polyether is flammable and can ignite when exposed to heat or flames.
Use appropriate fire safety measures, such as keeping containers tightly closed, avoiding sparks and open flames, and storing away from sources of heat and ignition.
Use appropriate fire-fighting equipment and methods, such as foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide, if a fire occurs.


Spill and leak response:

In case of a spill or leak, contain the substance and prevent it from entering waterways or sewers.
Wear appropriate PPE and use absorbent materials, such as sand or vermiculite, to contain and clean up the spill.
Follow the specific spill response instructions provided by the manufacturer for the particular formulation of Silicone Polyether you are working with.


Note: Always read and follow the specific handling and storage instructions and safety data sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer for the particular formulation of Silicone Polyether you are working with.



SYNONYMS


Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(ethylene oxide)
Polyether-modified silicone
Silicone-polyethylene oxide copolymer
Silicone-polyoxyalkylene block copolymer
Silicone-ethylene oxide block copolymer
Polymeric silicone surfactant
Silicone emulsifier
Polyether-modified polysiloxane
Siloxane-polyether copolymer
Silicone block copolymer
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-co-poly(ethylene oxide)
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)
Polysiloxane-polyoxyalkylene copolymer
Siloxane-ethylene oxide copolymer
Silicone polyol
Silicone polyglycol
Silicone-polyalkylene oxide block copolymer
Silicone-modified polyether
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-polyether copolymer
Siloxane-polyalkylene oxide block copolymer
Polysiloxane-polyether copolymer
Polysiloxane-polyethylene oxide copolymer
Polymeric siloxane surfactant
Silicone block polymer
Silicone-polyoxyethylene block copolymer
Silicone-polyether block copolymer
Silicone copolymer
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane) block copolymer
Siloxane-ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymer
Siloxane-alkylene oxide copolymer
Polydimethylsiloxane-graft-poly(ethylene oxide)
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-co-poly(propylene oxide)
Siloxane-polyether-polyamide copolymer
Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-polyoxyethylene
Silicone-polyether-polyurethane copolymer
Silicone glycol copolymer
Silicone-polyetherurethane copolymer
SILOXANE

Siloxane is a compound that consists of a chain of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
Siloxane is a type of silicone, which are a family of synthetic elastomers with unique physical properties, such as high temperature stability, low chemical reactivity, and excellent electrical insulation.



APPLICATIONS


Siloxanes are commonly used as a key ingredient in personal care products, such as shampoos, conditioners, and skin creams, due to their ability to provide conditioning and emollient properties to the skin and hair.
In the construction industry, Siloxanes are often used as a water repellent coating for concrete, brick, and other masonry surfaces, helping to prevent water damage and prolong the life of the building material.

Siloxanes are used as a component in the manufacturing of silicone rubber, which is used in a variety of applications, including automotive parts, medical devices, and household appliances.
Siloxanes can be found in the production of adhesives and sealants, where they provide improved adhesion and flexibility.
In the electronics industry, Siloxanes are used as an insulating material due to their high dielectric strength and thermal stability.

Siloxanes are used in the production of silicone resins, which are used as binders in the formulation of coatings and paints, as well as in the production of composites and plastics.
Siloxanes can be found in the production of lubricants, where they provide improved lubrication properties due to their low surface tension and high viscosity.

Siloxanes are used as a component in the formulation of antifoaming agents, which are used to prevent foam formation in a variety of industrial processes, including oil and gas production, food processing, and wastewater treatment.
In the automotive industry, Siloxanes are used in the production of tire additives, which provide improved durability, wet traction, and fuel efficiency.
Siloxanes are used in the production of surfactants, which are used in a variety of cleaning and personal care products, as well as in the production of textiles and paper products.

Siloxanes can be found in the production of cosmetics, where they provide emulsifying and moisturizing properties to lotions, creams, and other products.
In the aerospace industry, Siloxanes are used as a heat-resistant material in the production of components for aircraft engines and other high-temperature applications.

Siloxanes are used as a component in the production of fuel additives, which help to improve the performance and reduce emissions of gasoline and diesel engines.
Siloxanes can be found in the production of food contact materials, such as baking mats and silicone molds, due to their non-stick properties and resistance to high temperatures.

In the textile industry, Siloxanes are used as a water repellent and stain-resistant coating for fabrics, helping to improve their durability and longevity.
Siloxanes are used in the production of medical devices, such as catheters and implants, due to their biocompatibility and ability to resist bacterial growth.

Siloxanes can be found in the production of ink and toner, where they provide improved adhesion and durability to printed materials.
In the oil and gas industry, Siloxanes are used as a component in drilling fluids, helping to reduce friction and prevent the buildup of solids in the well.

Siloxanes are used in the production of heat-resistant glass, where they help to improve the strength and durability of the glass.
Siloxanes can be found in the production of plastics, where they provide improved mechanical properties, such as toughness and impact resistance.

In the packaging industry, Siloxanes are used as a coating for paper and cardboard products, helping to improve their water resistance and durability.
Siloxanes are used in the production of anti-corrosion coatings, which are used to protect metal surfaces from damage


Siloxanes have a wide range of applications in various industries, including:

Personal care products, such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions, where they are used as emollients and conditioning agents.
Food packaging, where they are used as coatings to improve the barrier properties of the packaging material.
Pharmaceuticals, where they are used as a drug delivery system.
Textile industry, where they are used as water repellents and fabric softeners.
Automotive industry, where they are used as lubricants and anti-corrosion agents.
Construction industry, where they are used as water repellents and concrete sealers.
Electronics industry, where they are used as insulators and dielectric materials.
Aerospace industry, where they are used as coatings to protect against oxidation and erosion.
Paints and coatings industry, where they are used as additives to improve water repellency and surface tension.
Energy industry, where they are used as lubricants in gas turbines and as insulating fluids in transformers.
Adhesives industry, where they are used as adhesion promoters.
Rubber industry, where they are used as processing aids and mold release agents.
Agriculture industry, where they are used as adjuvants in pesticide formulations.
Packaging industry, where they are used as release agents.
Paper industry, where they are used as water repellents.
Plastic industry, where they are used as mold release agents and processing aids.
Cleaning products industry, where they are used as foam control agents.
Coatings industry, where they are used as leveling agents.
Printing industry, where they are used as antifoaming agents.
Fuel industry, where they are used as fuel additives.
Water treatment industry, where they are used as defoamers.
Metalworking industry, where they are used as lubricants and cutting fluids.
Textile finishing industry, where they are used as softeners and water repellents.
Cosmetics industry, where they are used as emulsifiers and skin conditioning agents.
Polymer industry, where they are used as additives to improve processing and performance.


Siloxanes have numerous applications across various industries.
Some additional applications of siloxanes include:

In the automotive industry, siloxanes are used as a key ingredient in lubricants, transmission fluids, and brake fluids.
In the construction industry, siloxanes are used as water repellents for concrete and masonry surfaces.
In the cosmetics industry, siloxanes are used as ingredients in personal care products, such as hair conditioners, shampoos, and skin lotions, due to their ability to provide a silky, smooth feel.
In the electronics industry, siloxanes are used as dielectric fluids in transformers and capacitors.
In the energy industry, siloxanes are used as lubricants and coolants for turbines and compressors.
In the food industry, siloxanes are used as an anti-foaming agent in food processing and as a release agent in baking.
In the medical industry, siloxanes are used in a variety of medical devices, such as catheters and contact lenses.
In the paint and coatings industry, siloxanes are used as additives to improve the durability and water repellency of coatings.
In the plastics industry, siloxanes are used as additives to improve the processing and performance of plastics.
In the rubber industry, siloxanes are used as additives to improve the processing and performance of rubber.
In the textile industry, siloxanes are used as softeners and water repellents for fabrics.
In the water treatment industry, siloxanes are used as coagulants and flocculants to clarify water.
In the agricultural industry, siloxanes are used as adjuvants in pesticide formulations to improve their effectiveness.
In the paper industry, siloxanes are used as water repellents and release agents for paper products.


Siloxanes are commonly used as a lubricant in the manufacturing of rubber products.
Siloxanes can also be used as a lubricant in the textile industry.
In the cosmetics industry, siloxanes are used as emollients and skin conditioning agents.

Siloxanes are also used in the production of silicone-based adhesives.
Siloxanes are used as defoaming agents in the manufacture of paints and coatings.

Siloxanes can be used as release agents in the production of molded plastics.
Siloxanes are used as surfactants and emulsifiers in a variety of applications.

Siloxanes are used as antifoaming agents in the production of food and beverage products.
Siloxanes are used in the production of electronic components, such as computer chips.
Siloxanes are used in the production of medical devices and implants.

Siloxanes are used in the production of solar panels.
Siloxanes can be used as an additive in the production of concrete to improve its water resistance.

Siloxanes are used as flame retardants in the production of building materials.
Siloxanes are used in the production of personal protective equipment, such as gloves and masks.

Siloxanes are used in the production of automotive parts, such as gaskets and seals.
Siloxanes can be used as an ingredient in the production of hair care products.

Siloxanes can be used as an ingredient in the production of antiperspirants and deodorants.
Siloxanes are used in the production of insulation materials.
Siloxanes are used in the production of detergents and cleaning products.

Siloxanes can be used as an ingredient in the production of food packaging materials.
Siloxanes are used in the production of fuel additives.

Siloxanes can be used as an ingredient in the production of agricultural chemicals, such as herbicides and insecticides.
Siloxanes are used in the production of rubber hoses and tubing.

Siloxanes are used as a sealant in the construction industry.
Siloxanes can be used as an ingredient in the production of water-resistant textiles.

Siloxanes can be used as surfactants in various applications such as emulsions and foams due to their ability to reduce surface tension and stabilize interfaces.
Siloxanes can be used as gels and thickeners in various applications such as personal care products and coatings due to their ability to form three-dimensional networks.

Siloxanes can be used as thermal insulation materials due to their low thermal conductivity and high temperature resistance.
Siloxanes can be used as membrane materials for gas separation and filtration due to their high selectivity and permeability.
Siloxanes can be used as release agents in various molding and casting processes due to their ability to reduce adhesion and sticking.

Siloxanes can be used as antifouling agents in marine and industrial applications due to their ability to prevent attachment of microorganisms and fouling organisms.
Siloxanes can be used as antioxidants and stabilizers in polymers and other materials due to their ability to scavenge free radicals and protect against degradation.

Siloxanes can be used as plasticizers and modifiers in polymers and other materials due to their ability to improve flexibility and toughness.
Siloxanes can be used as catalysts in various chemical reactions due to their ability to activate or stabilize reaction intermediates.

Siloxanes can be used as chromatographic stationary phases due to their ability to separate compounds based on their polarity and size.
Siloxanes can be used as sensors and actuators in various applications such as medical devices and robotics.



DESCRIPTION


Siloxane is a compound that consists of a chain of alternating silicon and oxygen atoms, with organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
Siloxane is a type of silicone, which are a family of synthetic elastomers with unique physical properties, such as high temperature stability, low chemical reactivity, and excellent electrical insulation.

Siloxanes have the general chemical formula R3SiO(R2SiO)nSiR3, where R is an organic group such as methyl, ethyl, or phenyl.
The number of repeating units (n) in the chain can vary, giving rise to different types of siloxanes with different physical and chemical properties.

Siloxanes can be classified into two main types: linear and cyclic.
Linear siloxanes consist of a linear chain of repeating units, while cyclic siloxanes have a cyclic ring structure.

Siloxanes have a wide range of applications, including in the production of silicone rubber, adhesives, sealants, coatings, and lubricants.
Siloxanes are also used in the manufacture of personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions, as well as in the textile and paper industries.

In addition, siloxanes are used as intermediates in the synthesis of other silicone compounds, such as resins, fluids, and emulsions.
Siloxanes are also used in the electronics industry as insulators and in the production of semiconductors.

Siloxanes have excellent thermal stability and can withstand high temperatures without degrading.
Siloxanes are also resistant to oxidation, ultraviolet radiation, and chemical degradation.

However, some types of siloxanes have been found to be persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and may have harmful effects on the environment.
For example, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) have been shown to be toxic to aquatic organisms and are currently being phased out in some countries.

Siloxanes are a class of compounds that contain silicon, oxygen, and carbon atoms.
The basic unit of siloxanes is the silicon-oxygen (Si-O) bond.

Siloxanes can exist in a variety of molecular structures, including linear chains, cyclic rings, and branched or crosslinked networks.
The presence of different organic substituents on the silicon atoms can greatly influence the properties of siloxanes.
Siloxanes are typically stable and inert compounds, and are resistant to many chemicals and environmental factors such as heat, radiation, and moisture.

Siloxanes are often used in a variety of industrial applications due to their thermal stability, low toxicity, and resistance to degradation.
Siloxanes can be used as sealants and adhesives in construction applications due to their strong adhesion and weather resistance properties.

Siloxanes can be used as lubricants in various applications due to their low friction coefficient and high thermal stability.
Siloxanes can be used as anti-foaming agents in industrial processes due to their ability to reduce surface tension and break up foam.

Siloxanes can be used as water-repellents in coatings and surface treatments due to their hydrophobic properties.
Siloxanes can be used as silicone fluids in various applications such as cosmetics, personal care products, and pharmaceuticals due to their low surface tension and high spreading ability.
Siloxanes can be used as electrical insulators and dielectrics due to their high electrical resistivity and low dielectric constant.

Siloxanes can be used as flame retardants due to their high thermal stability and ability to form charred protective layers when exposed to flames.
Siloxanes can be used as molding and casting materials in industrial applications due to their ability to form rigid or flexible parts with high precision.


Siloxanes are a family of inorganic compounds that contain silicon, oxygen, and organic groups attached to the silicon atoms.
Siloxanes are typically liquid or low-melting-point solids at room temperature, but can also exist as gases or high-melting-point solids depending on their molecular weight and structure.
Siloxanes have low volatility, which means that they tend to remain as liquids or solids at normal temperatures and pressures.

Siloxanes are generally insoluble in water but soluble in many organic solvents, such as alcohols, ethers, and hydrocarbons.
Siloxanes have a high thermal stability and are resistant to oxidation, which makes them useful as lubricants, hydraulic fluids, and heat-transfer fluids.

Siloxanes exhibit a wide range of viscosities, from low-viscosity fluids to highly viscous gums and resins.
Siloxanes can form strong hydrogen bonds with polar materials such as water and can act as surfactants, emulsifiers, and dispersants.

Siloxanes have a high dielectric strength, which makes them useful as electrical insulators and in the production of electronic components.
Some siloxanes are highly hydrophobic, meaning they repel water and can be used as water repellents for textiles, concrete, and other materials.
Siloxanes can form crosslinked networks through condensation reactions, leading to the formation of silicone elastomers, resins, and coatings.

Siloxanes can be easily functionalized with a variety of organic groups, which allows them to be tailored for specific applications.
Siloxanes can be synthesized by several methods, including hydrolysis of alkoxysilanes, polycondensation of silanols, and hydrosilation reactions.

Siloxanes can form polymeric chains, cyclic structures, and network solids, depending on the number and arrangement of the silicon atoms and organic groups.
Siloxanes are used extensively in the production of personal care products, such as shampoos, conditioners, and lotions, due to their softening, conditioning, and emulsifying properties.

Siloxanes are also used in the manufacture of adhesives, sealants, and coatings due to their strong adhesive and cohesive properties.
Siloxanes are commonly used as mold release agents due to their low surface energy and low reactivity with many materials.

Siloxanes are used in the production of medical implants and devices due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and resistance to degradation.
Siloxanes are used as anti-foaming agents in various industries, such as food and beverage processing, paper production, and wastewater treatment.
Siloxanes are used as heat-resistant materials in the aerospace, automotive, and construction industries, due to their thermal stability and resistance to weathering and oxidation.

Siloxanes are used as defoaming agents in the production of paints, inks, and coatings, as well as in the processing of oils and lubricants.
Siloxanes are used as damping fluids in mechanical systems, such as shock absorbers and dampers, due to their viscoelastic properties.

Siloxanes are used in the production of membranes and filters due to their permeability and selectivity for different gases and liquids.
Siloxanes are used in the production of specialty ceramics, such as glasses, fibers, and coatings, due to their thermal and mechanical properties.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Remove the person from the contaminated area to a place with fresh air.
If the person has difficulty breathing, administer oxygen if available.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation or redness occurs, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes with water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.
Seek medical attention immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Avoid breathing in dust or mist.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, safety goggles, and a dust mask.
Do not eat, drink or smoke while working with Siloxane.
Do not use compressed air to clean surfaces where Siloxane has been spilled or released.

Use spark-proof tools when handling Siloxane to prevent ignition.
Keep Siloxane away from sources of heat, sparks, or flames.
Do not handle or store Siloxane near incompatible materials.


Storage:

Store Siloxane in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.
Keep Siloxane in a tightly sealed container to prevent moisture absorption.

Store Siloxane away from direct sunlight and other sources of heat.
Keep Siloxane away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Use non-sparking tools when opening and closing Siloxane containers.

Do not store Siloxane near food or drink.
Store Siloxane away from areas where ignition sources are present.

Store Siloxane away from areas accessible to unauthorized personnel or children.
Follow local regulations regarding the storage of Siloxane.


Transportation:

Siloxane should be transported in a well-ventilated vehicle.
Ensure that Siloxane is properly labeled and packaged for transportation.

Do not transport Siloxane with incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.
Use appropriate PPE when handling Siloxane during transportation.
Follow local regulations regarding the transportation of Siloxane.



SYNONYMS


Polysiloxane
Silicone
Organosilicon
Polydimethylsiloxane
Silsesquioxane
Polyalkylsiloxane
Polyphenylsiloxane
Alkylsiloxane
Vinylsiloxane
Methylsiloxane
Fluorosiloxane
Hydrophilic siloxane
Hydrophobic siloxane
Silicate
Silanol
Silane
Silazane
Silicic acid
Silicium
Siliconesque
Silicopolymer
Silicotitanate
Silox
Silicon tetraoxide
Sylgard.
Polysiloxane
Silicone
Silicone oil
Silazane
Silicon-based polymer
Organosilicon
Silica gel
Silicate
Polymethylsiloxane
Silsesquioxane
Silanetriol
Silicone elastomer
Siloxene
Silane coupling agent
Silicone sealant
Silicon hydride
Siloxanol
Silicon dioxide
Silox
Silica
Silicotungstic acid
Silicone grease
Silsesquioxane resin
Siloxane polymer
Silicone adhesive
SILOXANE D5
DESCRIPTION:
SILOXANE D5, also known as D5 and D5, is an organosilicon compound with the formula [(CH3)2SiO]5.
SILOXANE D5 is a colorless and odorless liquid that is slightly volatile.

CAS Number, 541-02-6
EC Number, 208-764-9

SYNONYMS OF SILOXANE D5:
Cyclopentamethicone,Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer,D5,D5,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer, Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane, Cyclomethicone pentamer 245, Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane, Cyclopentasiloxane,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-;Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl-;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Union Carbide 7158 Silicone Fluid;Dow Corning 345;NUC Silicone VS 7158;Dow Corning 345 Fluid;Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer;SF 1202;Silicone SF 1202;VS 7158;KF 995;Dow Corning 245;DC 245;Silbione V 5;Volasil 245;DC 345;TSF 465;LS 9000;Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane;Execol D 5;TSF 405;Pentacyclomethicone;SH 245;SH 245 (siloxane);TFS 405;Silbione 70045V5;Mirasil CM 5;Dow Corning 345EU;DC 2-5252C;Dow Corning 2-5252C;DC 345 Fluid;Dow Corning 245 Fluid;Silicon Plus α;Botanisil CP 33;Cyclopentasiloxane;Cyclopentadimethylsiloxane;D5;Volatile Silicone Fluid 345;Cyclomethicone pentamer 245;Xiameter PMX;Xiameter PMX 0245;Tego Polish Additive 5;SH 245 Fluid;Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane;KF 7312T;TSF 405A;KF 955;D 5 (siloxane);Siloxane D 5;PMX 345;D 5




Siloxane D5 is a staple ingredient used in cosmetics.
The chemical formula for Siloxane D5 is C10H30O5Si5.
Siloxane D5 is a non-greasy silicone that is colorless, odorless, and water-thin.

Siloxane D5 gets quickly evaporated from the skin rather than getting absorbed - making it a brilliant ingredient to be used in products that need to dry fast, like antiperspirants and hair sprays.
Further, Siloxane D5 also has lubricating properties and feels silky smooth when applied to hair and skin.


SILOXANE D5 is used in personal care products including skin creams, cosmetics, shampoos, deodorants and conditioners.
SILOXANE D5is also used in various applications such as industrial cleaning fluids and dry cleaning solvents.

SILOXANE D5is a cyclic siloxane, that has a silicon-oxygen bond in a cyclic arrangement and methyl groups attached with the silicon atom.
SILOXANE D5is used in the production of some silicon-based polymers that are widely used in various personal care products.

Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.

SILOXANE D5(cyclosiloxanes) are basic members of the broad family of silicone materials and are used as building blocks for the production of a diverse array of silicone polymers.
A common denominator for cyclosiloxanes is that they contain repeating units of silicone (Si) and oxygen (O) atoms in a closed loop, giving it a “cyclic” structure.

This also gives them their unique properties as hybrid inorganic-organic substances.
D4, D5, D6 contain 4, 5 and 6 repeating units respectively.
They are the three main cyclosiloxanes in commercial production and several decades of research have proven that they are safe for human health and the environment.

Basic members of the broad family of silicone materials, all cyclotetrasiloxane (D4), cyclopentasiloxane (D5), cyclohexasiloxane (D6) are volatile oils with a cyclic chemical structure and various properties.
They are widely used because of the smooth and refreshing feeling they create


ORIGIN OF SILOXANE D5:
Siloxane D5, a synthetic substance, is made up of silicone and oxygen.
Sometimes, elements like hydrogen and carbon are also used.
They are all natural substances, but Siloxane D5 undergoes chemical processing before it is used in cosmetic and skincare products.



APPLICATIONS OF SILOXANE D5:
SILOXANE D5 is used as A greener solvent in synthetic chemistry applications.
SILOXANE D5 is used as A monomeric unit for polymerization by various base catalysts to obtain polysiloxane polymer.

Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (cyclopentasiloxane) is a colorless, odorless, volatile liquid cyclic siloxane, safe and environmentally friendly, and has been widely used in health and In beauty products such as deodorants, antiperspirants, cosmetics, shampoos, body lotions, etc., they have good compatibility with alcohol and most other cosmetic solvents.


SILOXANE D5may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in personal care formulations by gas chromatography
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.
These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.

SILOXANE D5 is a volatile polydimethylcyclosiloxane, mainly composed of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
SILOXANE D5 is clear, tasteless, basically odorless, and non-greasy.
performance:

SILOXANE D5 is used as Volatile silicone oil.
SILOXANE D5 Gives skin a soft and silky feel.
SILOXANE D5 has Good spreadability.
SILOXANE D5 is Refreshing and non-greasy.

The base oil component of personal care products has good spreadability, easy application, lubrication and unique volatility.

SILOXANE D5 is used as Antiperspirant, deodorant, hair spray, facial cleanser, skin cream, lotion and other care products.

SILOXANE D5 is used as Shower oil, tanning agent, shaving products, cosmetics, nail polish.

SILOXANE D5 can also be used as an additive for powder cosmetics, perfumes, Caron perfumes and shaving creams.

When used in strip products, the product has suitable spreadability and volatility.


USES OF SILOXANE D5:
SILOXANE D5 is classified as a cyclomethicone.
Such fluids are commonly used in cosmetics, such as deodorants, sunblocks, hair sprays and skin care products.
SILOXANE D5 is becoming more common in hair conditioners, as it makes the hair easier to brush without breakage.

SILOXANE D5 is also used as part of silicone-based personal lubricants. D5 is considered an emollient.
In Canada, among the volume used in consumer products approximately 70% were for antiperspirants and 20% for hair care products.
10,000–100,000 tonnes per year of D5 is manufactured and/or imported in the European Economic Area.

Atmospheric emissions of D5 in the Northern Hemisphere were estimated to 30,000 tonnes per year.
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane has also been tried as a dry-cleaning solvent in the early 2000s.

It was marketed as a more environmentally friendly solvent than tetrachloroethylene (the most common dry-cleaning solvent worldwide) despite being controlled in the EU for to its persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic characteristics.


Siloxane D5 is an odourless, colourless liquid mostly used as an intermediate or basic raw material in the production of silicone rubbers, gels and resins.
When used as an intermediate during the manufacturing process, virtually all D4 is consumed with only a tiny amount remaining in final products.


Because of its many enriching properties, Siloxane D5 silicone is a common ingredient used in a variety of hair and skin care products.
Siloxane D5 helps the products spread more evenly and dry quickly, thus providing all the benefits without weighing the skin or hair down.
Siloxane D5 also gives cosmetic products a silky texture.

Skin care: The hydrating properties of Siloxane D5 are great for the skin as it traps moisture, making the skin smooth and soft.

Siloxane D5 is used in lightweight products as it does not penetrate the skin but rather evaporates quickly.
Further, Siloxane D5 skin care has anti-aging properties and is a great ingredient to be used in lotions

Hair care:
Siloxane D5 is a great conditioner for hair because of its lubricating properties.
Siloxane D5 is commonly used in shampoos, hair conditioners, hair sprays, anti-frizz, and hair detangling products.

Siloxane D5 forms a layer on the hair, protecting and preventing it from damage while also allowing the product to spread easily and evenly
Cosmetic products:
Siloxane D5 is used in makeup and makeup removers because it is non-comedogenic and does not block pores




PRODUCTION AND POLYMERIZATION OF SILOXANE D5:
Commercially D5 is produced from dimethyldichlorosilane.
Hydrolysis of the dichloride produces a mixture of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes and polydimethylsiloxane.
From this mixture, the cyclic siloxanes including D5 can be removed by distillation.

In the presence of a strong base such as KOH, the polymer/ring mixture is equilibrated, allowing complete conversion to the more volatile cyclic siloxanes:
[(CH3)2SiO]5n → n [(CH3)2SiO]5
where n is a positive integer. D4 and D5 are also precursors to the polymer.
The catalyst is again KOH


ADVANTAGES OF SILOXANE D5:

1. Hair care: Reduce drying time, removes sticky sense, and comb in wet.
2.Skin care: No irritation, no clogging, easier smearing, reduces oily sensation, rapid absorption, pigmentation, smoothness feeling, smooth feeling/softening.
3. General Characteristics: less odor.
4. Antiperspirant/deodorant: reduce sticky sense, drying feeling in use, no stains left on the surface of clothing, and increase slip performance.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILOXANE D5::
Chemical formula, [(CH3)2SiO]5
Molar mass, 370.770 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colourless liquid
Density, 0.958 g/cm3
Melting point, −47 °C; −53 °F; 226 K
Boiling point, 210 °C (410 °F; 483 K)
Solubility in water, 17.03±0.72 ppb (23 °C) [2]
log P, 8.07[3]
Vapor pressure, 20.4±1.1 Pa (25 °C) [4]
Viscosity, 3.74 cP
Quality Level
100
Assay
97%
form
liquid
refractive index
n20/D 1.396 (lit.)
bp
90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density
0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1
InChI
1S/C10H30O5Si5/c1-16(2)11-17(3,4)13-19(7,8)15-20(9,10)14-18(5,6)12-16/h1-10H3
InChI key
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Physical state liquid
Colour various
Odour characteristic

Other safety parameters :
pH (value) not determined
Melting point/freezing point -38 °C at 101.3 kPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range 210 °C at 101.3 kPa
Flash point 82.7 °C at 101.3 kPa
Vapour pressure 33.2 Pa at 25 °C
Partition coefficient - n-octanol/water (log KOW) 8.023 (25.3 °C) (ECHA) -
Soil organic carbon/water (log KOC) 5.17 (ECHA)
Auto-ignition temperature 645.2 K at 101.3 kPa (ECHA)
Viscosity
Kinematic viscosity 3.7 mm²/s at 25 °C
Dynamic viscosity 3.5 mPa s at 25 °C
grade
certified reference material
pharmaceutical secondary standard

Quality Level
300
Agency
traceable to USP 1154809
API family
cyclomethicone
CofA
current certificate can be downloaded
packaging
pkg of 500 mg
technique(s)
HPLC: suitable
gas chromatography (GC): suitable

refractive index
n20/D 1.396 (lit.)
bp
90 °C/10 mmHg (lit.)
density
0.958 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
application(s)
pharmaceutical (small molecule)
format
neat
storage temp.
2-30°C
SMILES string
C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1
InChI
1S/C10H30O5Si5/c1-16(2)11-17(3,4)13-19(7,8)15-20(9,10)14-18(5,6)12-16/h1-10H3
InChI key
XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Appearance, Transparent and colorless liquid
Viscosity, cSt, 25℃, 2 - 6
Specific gravity, 25℃, 0.940 - 0.960
Refractive index, 25℃, 1.3850 -1.4050
Purity, %, More than 99
Appearance, Colorless transparent liquid
Chroma, Hazen, <20
Turbidity,NTU, <4
Viscosity 25 ℃, mm2 / s, 3.9
Density, 25 ℃, 0.95
Heavy metal content (Pb indicate), <5
Mineral oil content, mg / kg, <0.1
Surface tension, 25 ℃, mN / m,, 18.3
Odor, slight odor odorless
Flash point (closed cup), ℃, 80
Boiling point, 101.3kpa, ° C, 210
Crystallization point, ℃, about, -40
The vapor pressure, 20 ℃, KPa, 0.025
Evaporation Rate (g/ min), NF30 -302, at 80℃, 0. 075
Volatile Time (sec), DIN 5 3 -, 170, at 23℃ 8400
Refractive index, 2 5 ℃, about, 1. 395
Octamethyl cyclotetrasiloxane (D 4) content,%, <0. 9
Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D5) content,%, ≥97
Decamethyl cyclopentasiloxane (D5) + twelve methylcyclohexyl six siloxane (D6) content,%, ≥99.7
Acid value (NaOH 0.01N / 2g, ml), <0.15
Soluble, ethyl, butyl acetate, ethanol, isopropanol
Not dissolve, water and glycol
Product Name:
Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane
Other Name:
Cyclopentasiloxane,2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-;Cyclopentasiloxane,decamethyl-;2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane;Dimethylsiloxane pentamer;Union Carbide 7158 Silicone Fluid;Dow Corning 345;NUC Silicone VS 7158;Dow Corning 345 Fluid;Cyclic dimethylsiloxane pentamer;SF 1202;Silicone SF 1202;VS 7158;KF 995;Dow Corning 245;DC 245;Silbione V 5;Volasil 245;DC 345;TSF 465;LS 9000;Cyclo-decamethylpentasiloxane;Execol D 5;TSF 405;Pentacyclomethicone;SH 245;SH 245 (siloxane);TFS 405;Silbione 70045V5;Mirasil CM 5;Dow Corning 345EU;DC 2-5252C;Dow Corning 2-5252C;DC 345 Fluid;Dow Corning 245 Fluid;Silicon Plus α;Botanisil CP 33;Cyclopentasiloxane;Cyclopentadimethylsiloxane;D5;Volatile Silicone Fluid 345;Cyclomethicone pentamer 245;Xiameter PMX;Xiameter PMX 0245;Tego Polish Additive 5;SH 245 Fluid;Decamethylpentacyclosiloxane;KF 7312T;TSF 405A;KF 955;D 5 (siloxane);Siloxane D 5;PMX 345;D 5
CAS No.:
541-02-6
Molecular Formula:
C10H30O5Si5
InChIKeys:
InChIKey=XMSXQFUHVRWGNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
370.77000
Exact Mass:
370.77
EC Number:
208-764-9
PSA:
46.15000
XLogP3:
8.03 (LogP)
Appearance:
Liquid
Density:
0.9593 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Melting Point:
-38 °C
Boiling Point:
210 °C
Flash Point:
162 °F
Refractive Index:
1.396
Water Solubility:
In water, 1.7X10-2 mg/L at 25 deg C
Storage Conditions:
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities: Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place. Storage class (TRGS 510): Combustible liquids.
Vapor Pressure:
30.002 mmHg @ -6.6°C
Toxicity:
LD50 oral in rat: > 24134mg/kg
Molecular Weight:370.77
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:5
Exact Mass:370.09395673
Monoisotopic Mass:370.09395673
Topological Polar Surface Area:46.2
Heavy Atom Count:20
Complexity:258
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SILOXANE D5:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product


SILQUEST A-187 SILANE

Silquest A-187 Silane is a chemical compound belonging to the class of organosilanes.
Silquest A-187 Silane is specifically known as gamma-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
Silquest A-187 Silane is characterized by having a methacryloxy functional group, a propyl spacer, and three methoxy groups attached to a silicon atom.

CAS Number: 2530-85-0
EC Number: 219-785-8

Synonyms: gamma-MAPS, Methacryloxysilane, Methacrylate 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl, 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate, Methacrylsilanetriol methoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilan, Methacrylic Acid 3-(Trimethoxysilyl)propyl Ester, Silane, trimethoxy(3-methacryloxypropyl)-, 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, Methacryloxypentyltrimethoxysilane, gamma-(Methacryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, Methacrylate monomethoxymethyltrioxysilane, Methacryloxytrimethoxysilane, Methacrylic acid 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl ester, gamma-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane, Silane, trimethoxypropyl methacrylate



APPLICATIONS


Silquest A-187 Silane is widely used as a coupling agent in the production of glass fiber-reinforced composites.
Silquest A-187 Silane improves the adhesion between glass fibers and polymer matrices in composite materials.
Silquest A-187 Silane is employed in coatings to enhance adhesion and durability on various substrates.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants to improve bonding strength.
Silquest A-187 Silane acts as a crosslinking agent in polymer formulations, enhancing mechanical properties.

Silquest A-187 Silane is utilized in the electronics industry to improve adhesion of coatings and encapsulants to substrates.
In automotive applications, Silquest A-187 Silane helps to improve the performance and longevity of coatings and adhesives.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the production of construction materials, such as sealants and waterproof coatings, to enhance durability.
Silquest A-187 Silane is incorporated into paints and varnishes to improve adhesion and resistance to environmental factors.

Silquest A-187 Silane is effective in the modification of surfaces to improve wetting and dispersion of fillers in polymer matrices.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the textile industry to enhance the adhesion of finishes and coatings to fibers.

Silquest A-187 Silane plays a crucial role in the production of high-performance elastomers, providing improved mechanical properties.
Silquest A-187 Silane is utilized in the manufacturing of tires to enhance the adhesion between rubber and reinforcing materials.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in dental materials, such as composites and adhesives, to improve bonding to tooth surfaces.
Silquest A-187 Silane enhances the performance of inks and printing coatings by improving adhesion to substrates.

Silquest A-187 Silane is employed in the production of molded plastic components to enhance compatibility with fillers and reinforcements.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the formulation of anti-corrosion coatings for metals.

Silquest A-187 Silane improves the moisture resistance and durability of wood coatings and treatments.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the production of high-strength concrete and cementitious composites.

Silquest A-187 Silane is applied in the electronics industry for improving the performance of encapsulants and potting compounds.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the development of advanced composite materials for aerospace applications.

Silquest A-187 Silane enhances the performance of marine coatings by improving adhesion and resistance to water.
Silquest A-187 Silane is employed in the formulation of cosmetic products, such as hair care products, to improve conditioning effects.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the production of laminates and adhesives for the packaging industry.
Silquest A-187 Silane is effective in improving the performance of flame retardant coatings and materials.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the production of solar panels to improve adhesion of coatings and encapsulants.
Silquest A-187 Silane is effective in enhancing the bonding of UV-curable coatings to various substrates.
Silquest A-187 Silane is employed in the development of advanced ceramics to improve dispersion and bonding of ceramic particles.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the formulation of high-performance lubricants and greases to improve adhesion to metal surfaces.
Silquest A-187 Silane enhances the adhesion of epoxy coatings to concrete surfaces in industrial flooring applications.

Silquest A-187 Silane is utilized in the production of high-performance composites for sports equipment, such as tennis rackets and golf clubs.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the formulation of waterborne coatings to improve wet adhesion and durability.

Silquest A-187 Silane is incorporated into adhesives used in the construction of wind turbine blades to enhance bonding strength.
Silquest A-187 Silane improves the performance of insulation materials by enhancing adhesion between layers.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the development of medical devices to improve adhesion of coatings and biocompatible materials.
Silquest A-187 Silane is employed in the production of pressure-sensitive adhesives for labels and tapes.

Silquest A-187 Silane enhances the bonding of thermoplastic resins to metal and glass substrates in automotive applications.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the formulation of release coatings for paper and film products.

Silquest A-187 Silane is effective in improving the adhesion of flame retardant coatings to textiles and fabrics.
Silquest A-187 Silane is utilized in the production of flexible packaging materials to enhance printability and adhesion of inks.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the development of heat-resistant coatings for aerospace applications.
Silquest A-187 Silane improves the performance of conductive adhesives used in electronic assemblies.

Silquest A-187 Silane is incorporated into coatings for marine vessels to enhance resistance to saltwater and marine organisms.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the production of high-strength adhesives for structural bonding in construction.

Silquest A-187 Silane enhances the adhesion of coatings and sealants to polyethylene and polypropylene surfaces.
Silquest A-187 Silane is employed in the formulation of coatings for optical fibers to improve durability and performance.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the development of anti-graffiti coatings to improve adhesion and resistance to solvents.

Silquest A-187 Silane improves the bonding of coatings to porous substrates, such as stone and brick.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the formulation of hydrophobic coatings to enhance water resistance and repellency.
Silquest A-187 Silane is effective in the production of bio-based composites, improving compatibility between natural fibers and polymers.

Silquest A-187 Silane can be used as a crosslinking agent in polymer formulations.
The methacryloxy group in Silquest A-187 Silane allows for polymerization with monomers or polymer chains.

Silquest A-187 Silane is known for its ability to improve moisture resistance in composites.
Silquest A-187 Silane is often utilized in the manufacturing of sealants and elastomers.
Silquest A-187 Silane is effective in improving the mechanical properties of composites.

Silquest A-187 Silane helps to reduce water absorption and swelling in treated materials.
Silquest A-187 Silane can enhance the thermal stability of polymer-based materials.

Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the electronics industry for its adhesion-promoting properties.
Silquest A-187 Silane is compatible with various resin systems, including epoxy, polyurethane, and acrylics.

The use of Silquest A-187 Silane can improve the weatherability of outdoor applications.
Silquest A-187 Silane is known to enhance the chemical resistance of treated surfaces.
Proper handling and storage of Silquest A-187 Silane are important to maintain its reactivity and effectiveness.



DESCRIPTION


Silquest A-187 Silane is a chemical compound belonging to the class of organosilanes.
Silquest A-187 Silane is specifically known as gamma-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
Silquest A-187 Silane is characterized by having a methacryloxy functional group, a propyl spacer, and three methoxy groups attached to a silicon atom.

Silquest A-187 Silane is a versatile organosilane coupling agent.
Silquest A-187 Silane is commonly used to enhance the adhesion between organic polymers and inorganic substrates.

The chemical formula for Silquest A-187 Silane is C10H20O5Si.
Silquest A-187 Silane is also known by its chemical name, gamma-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane.

Silquest A-187 Silane appears as a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature.
Silquest A-187 Silane contains a methacryloxy functional group, a propyl spacer, and three methoxy groups attached to a silicon atom.
Silquest A-187 Silane has a molecular weight of 248.35 g/mol.

The CAS number for Silquest A-187 Silane is 2530-85-0.
Silquest A-187 Silane is soluble in organic solvents like alcohols, acetone, and ethers.
Silquest A-187 Silane is partially soluble in water, forming a hydrolyzate.

Silquest A-187 Silane can react with hydroxyl-containing surfaces, such as glass and metal oxides.
Silquest A-187 Silane is used in the production of glass fiber-reinforced composites to improve fiber-matrix bonding.
Silquest A-187 Silane is employed in coatings and adhesives to enhance durability and performance.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Slight ester-like odor
Molecular Weight: 248.35 g/mol
Density: 1.045 g/cm³ at 25°C
Boiling Point: 190°C (374°F) at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: Not applicable (liquid at room temperature)
Flash Point: 89°C (192°F) - closed cup
Refractive Index: 1.4280 at 20°C
Solubility: Partially soluble in water; hydrolyzes in water. Soluble in organic solvents such as alcohols, acetone, and ethers.
Viscosity: Approximately 2.5 mPa·s at 25°C



FIRST AID


General Advice:

Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material involved and take precautions to protect themselves.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.


Inhalation:

If inhaled:
Move the person to fresh air immediately.

Respiratory support:
If breathing is difficult, trained personnel should administer oxygen.

Artificial respiration:
If the person is not breathing, provide artificial respiration by trained personnel.
Keep the person calm and comfortable: Place in a semi-upright position to ease breathing.

Seek medical attention:
If symptoms persist or if there is any difficulty breathing, seek medical attention immediately.


Skin Contact:

Immediate washing:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.

Skin cleaning:
Wash the affected area thoroughly with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Contaminated clothing:
Wash contaminated clothing before reuse.

Skin irritation:
If skin irritation or rash occurs, seek medical advice/attention.

Protective measures:
Use protective gloves and skin cream to prevent repeated or prolonged contact.


Eye Contact:

Immediate flushing:
Rinse cautiously with water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do.

Lid movement:
Hold eyelids apart to ensure thorough flushing.

Avoid rubbing:
Do not rub the affected eye as this may cause additional damage.

Medical attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists or if there is any visual disturbance.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

Rinse mouth:
If the person is conscious and alert, rinse their mouth thoroughly with water.

Water intake:
Have the person drink plenty of water to dilute the chemical.

Medical attention:
Seek medical attention immediately.

Monitor symptoms:
Look for symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and gastrointestinal discomfort.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

General Precautions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Always wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use in a well-ventilated area or under a fume hood to avoid inhalation of vapors.

Avoid Contact:
Prevent contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Do not ingest or inhale.

Training:
Ensure that all personnel handling the chemical are trained in its use and understand the risks.

Hygiene Measures:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling, before eating, drinking, or smoking, and at the end of the workday.

Spill Response:
Be prepared with spill control materials and ensure that spill response procedures are in place.

Handling Containers:
Open containers carefully to control possible pressure release. Avoid rough handling or dropping of containers.

Environmental Precautions:
Avoid release to the environment.
Follow best practices for environmental protection.


Specific Handling Instructions:

Transfer Operations:
Use appropriate transfer devices and equipment to minimize spills and leaks.
Utilize closed systems where possible.

Mixing and Dilution:
When mixing with water or other chemicals, add Silquest A-187 Silane slowly to minimize exothermic reactions and splashing.

Incompatible Materials:
Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases, as these can cause hazardous reactions.

Equipment Maintenance:
Regularly inspect and maintain equipment used for handling the chemical to ensure it remains in good working condition.


Storage:

General Storage Guidelines:

Storage Area:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition, heat, and direct sunlight.

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperatures between 5°C (41°F) and 25°C (77°F) to prevent decomposition and maintain product stability.

Humidity Control:
Protect from moisture. Store in tightly closed containers to prevent hydrolysis.

Segregation:
Store separately from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizing agents, acids, and bases.

Containment:
Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination. Ensure secondary containment measures are in place.


Specific Storage Instructions:

Container Integrity:
Ensure containers are tightly sealed when not in use to prevent contamination and evaporation.

Labeling:
Clearly label all containers with the chemical name, hazards, and handling instructions.

Bulk Storage:
For bulk storage, use containers made of compatible materials such as stainless steel or polyethylene.

Fire Protection:
Store away from ignition sources, and ensure proper fire-fighting equipment is available nearby.

Emergency Equipment:
Keep emergency eyewash stations and safety showers easily accessible in the storage area.

Inspection:
Regularly inspect storage containers for signs of damage, leaks, or corrosion.
SILRES BS 1310
SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is a solventfree, water-thinnable emulsion of a polysiloxane modified with functional silicone resin. Technical data of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) General Characteristics of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) Property Condition Value Method of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) Solids content - approx. 50 % - Appearance - milky, white ASTM D 2240 Density 20 °C approx. 1 g/cm³ DIN 51757 pH 23 °C approx. 6 - 7 Indicator strips Applications of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) • Silicone Resin & Silicate Plasters • Renders & Plasters • Coatings & Paints • Additives for Plasters and Renders • Exterior Paints • Top Coats & Paints Application details of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) may be added undiluted to aqueous masonry coatings and primers either during or after manufacture. We recommend adding 1 - 3 wt% to masonry coatings. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is an additive used in the manufacture of aqueous masonry coatings and aqueous primers to enhance water repellency and water resistance. It also improves the processability and antiblocking characteristics of the aqueous coatings. Typical application fields are whitewash emulsions, silicate emulsion paints and plasters, highly filled emulsion coatings and silicone resin emulsion paints and plasters. Packaging and storage of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) Storage of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) The 'Best use before end' date of each batch is shown on the product label. Storage beyond the date specified on the label does not necessarily mean that the product is no longer usable. In this case however, the properties required for the intended use must be checked for quality assurance reasons. Product description of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is a solventfree, water-thinnable emulsion of a polysiloxane modified with functional silicone resin. Application of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is an additive used in the manufacture of aqueous masonry coatings and aqueous primers to enhance water repellency and water resistance. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) also improves the processability and antiblocking characteristics of the aqueous coatings. Typical application fields are whitewash emulsions, silicate emulsion paints and plasters, highly filled emulsion coatings and silicone resin emulsion paints and plasters. Processing of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) may be added undiluted to aqueous masonry coatings and primers either during or after manufacture. We recommend adding 1 - 3 wt% to masonry coatings. Product description of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is a water-dilutable solventless emulsion of a silicone resin used as a binder in the production of silicone resin emulsion paints and plasters. Application of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is employed as the main binder in silicone resin emulsion paints and plaster. If formulated properly, the products made with it characterized by high permeability to water vapor and CO₂, low water absorption, low soiling tendency, a mineral appearance and long life. An excellent beading effect is also achieved if SILRES BS 1306 is added. Facades must be primed before painting for optimal protection. Storage of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) The containers must be protected against sunlight. Stir well before taking emulsion from drums. The "Best use before end" date of each batch is shown on the product label. Storage beyond the date specified on the label does not necessarily mean that the product is no longer usable. In this case however, the properties required for the intended use must be checked for quality assurance reasons. Product description SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is a solventless silicone concentrate that is based on a mixture of silane and siloxane. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is dilutable with organic solvents. Dilute solutions of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) in organic solvents serve as high-quality general-purpose water repellents for impregnating and priming mineral and highly alkaline substrates. Special features of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) - good depth of penetration - high resistance to alkalis - tack-free drying - effective even on damp substrates - rapid development of water repellency After application to the mineral substrate, SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) reacts with the atmospheric moisture or pore water in the substrate, thereby generating the active ingredient while liberating alcohol. The active ingredient greatly lowers the water absorbency of the substrate, which nevertheless retains a very high degree of water vapour permeability since neither pores nor capillaries are clogged. Application of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is suitable for imparting water repellency to absorbent, porous, mineral construction materials, e. g.: - brickwork - all kinds of concrete - aerated concrete - sand-lime brickwork - cement fiberboards - mineral plasters - mineral-based natural and artificial stone - mineral paints SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is also suitable as primer for exterior paints.SILRES BS 290 is not suitable for rendering gypsum water repellent. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is not suitable for rendering gypsum water repellent.windows and other non-absorbent surfaces properly because the product cures so quickly that it will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to remove after a few hours. Wipe off any splashes on window panes immediately, using a solvent if necessary. For this reason, the figures quoted below are intended as a guide only: windows and other non-absorbent surfaces properly because the product cures so quickly that it will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to remove after a few hours. Wipe off any splashes on window panes immediately, using a solvent if necessary. For this reason, the figures quoted below are intended as a guide only: Processing of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) Flooding, preferably not under pressure, is the best technique for applying SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes), which is ready to use after dilution. Apply several coats, wet on wet, until the substrate is saturated. Generally, at least two applications suffice for all substrates.Do not leave long breaks between coats. Apply the next when the substrate has absorbed the previous one and is no longershiny (wet-on-wet working). The substrate must not have damp spots, i. e., it should look dry. The requisite quantity of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) depends on the adsorbency of the substrate. The amount of impregnating agent required for a substrate and the effectiveness of the impregnation should be determined on site by testing a small area of the material to be treated. Dilution of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) The solvents best suited for diluting SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) are aliphatic hydrocarbons (e. g. White Spirit 130/175), aromatic hydrocarbons (solvent naphtha, e. g. Shellsol A) or low-odor isoparaffin hydrocarbons. The solvent used should have a boiling range of 140-190°C and an evaporation number of 30-90. If the above-mentioned hydrocarbon solvents are used, SILRES BS 290 should be diluted in a weight ratio of 1:11 to 1:15. Anhydrous alcohols, such as ethanol or 2-propanol, could also be used and are even indispensable whenever contact of the impregnating agent with solvent-sensitive materials (such as expanded polystyrene, bitumen, etc.) cannot be avoided. The alcohol must be completely anhydrous. If alcohol is used as a solvent, a dilution ratio of 1:12pbw is recommended. When impregnating slightly damp substrates, SILRES BS 290 will give better results if diluted with hydrocarbons than with alcohol. Stir vigorously when adding the diluent to SILRES BS 290. Since SILRES BS 290 reacts with humidity, prolonged contact with air must be avoided. The containers must be hermetically sealed. Before applying SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes), be sure to cover Storage of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) The 'Best use before end' date of each batch is shown on the product label. Storage beyond the date specified on the label does not necessarily mean that the product is no longer usable. In this case however, the properties required for the intended use must be checked for quality assurance reasons. Product description of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is a nonionic, solvent-free, water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polysiloxane Application of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is used in undiluted form as a hydrophobizing additive for aqueous masonry paints or plasters to increase water repellency, water resistance and water vapour permeability as well as to enhance processability and anti-blocking properties. Suitable for: - silicone resin emulsion paints and - silicone resin emulsion plasters - silicate emulsion paints and plasters - highly-filled emulsion-based coatings - emulsion-modified whitewash - stoppers Paints and plasters modified SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) are characterized by an excellent water beading effect. Processing of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) can be added in undiluted form to aqueous masonry paints or plasters during or after their production. The addition of 1 to 3 wt.-% is recommended. Storage of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) The 'Best use before end' date of each batch is shown on the product label. Storage beyond the date specified on the label does not necessarily mean that the product is no longer usable. In this case however, the properties required for the intended use must be checked for quality assurance reasons. SILRES BS 1360 is non-ionic, solvent-free, water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polysiloxane. Acts as a water repellent. SILRES BS 1360 increases water repellency, water resistance and water-vapor permeability as well as enhances processability and anti-blocking properties. In particular, silicate emulsion paints and plasters modified with this additive are characterized by extremely long-lasting and reliable water repellency. The hydrophobizing action is unaffected by long storage of the liquid paint system. SILRES BS 1360 is suitable for silicone resin emulsion paints and silicone resin plasters, highly-filled emulsion-based coatings and emulsion-modified whitewash. Application details of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is applied after compatibility test with the phenolic resin mixture by mixing and spraying or via an additional spraying equipment applied separately – at the same time or shortly before application of the binder. For this purpose SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) can be diluted with any quantity of water. Based on the glass or stone fiber mass the addition ratio varies between 0,05 and 0,2 weight % for stone wool and 0,1 and 0,3 weight % (always based on the weight of the dried final product) for glass wool. The quantity of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) to be applied also depends on the desired water repellency of the end product given. Individual tests must always be conducted in order to define the necessary quantities. To impart water repellency to expanded perlite or similar porous materials, SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is applied by spraying as well. 0,2 to 0,4 % by weight SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) are recommended as a dosage rate for perlite, 0 ,1 to 0,2 % for expanded clay aggregates. It can be sprayed onto the warm expanded material in order to avoid an additional drying process. Prolonged heating of the siliconized material must however be avoided. Guide formulation for laboratory tests to make perlite water-repellent (no guarantee can be given due to substrate and process variations): Mix 0,80 g SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) with 400 g of deionized water. Thoroughly mix or spray 200 g of perlite with this impregnating solution in a mixer until the liquid has been completely absorbed. Fill the moist material into a large dish and dry in a drying oven at 50°C for seven days. Fill the impregnated perlite into fine-meshed nylon sacks and immerse in deionized water. The sacks must be covered by 5 cm of water. Weigh the samples after gentle centrifuging (to remove adherent water) at fixed intervals. The results show that the perlite absorbs about 5 % of its dry weight in water after one day. Untreated perlite absorbs far more than 100 % of its dry weight in water in the same period. The test for water repellency according to the standard ASTM 303-77 is recommended. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) has been developed and optimized to be compatible with phenolic resin binders and tolerates without surplus of ammonia varying processing and formulating conditions. It is compatible and can be mixed with most phenolic resins, no side reactions or precipitations are observed. Based on the large variety of phenolic resins used plus further specific additives, however, a specific compatibility test in each plant is necessary. As the shelf life of the various mixtures depends largely on the formulation e. g. on the dilution of the emulsion it is recommended to apply the binder mixture without delay. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is a very efficient aqueous water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polydimethylsiloxane. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is used to impart water repellency to glass wool (fiber glass) or stone wool bound with phenolic resin. It can also be used for expanded minerals such as perlite or vermiculite, or expanded clay aggregates. Properties of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) has an ideal viscosity for the feeding and dilution process during application. Once sprayed onto the substrate, in comparison to other emulsions of reactive polydimethylsiloxanes SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) shows an especially high thermal stability in the manufacturing process of the thermal insulating material. By enhancing coatings performance, opens up new possibilities for you. has been a global technology leader in silicone products for many years. An ambitious partner for the paints and coatings industry, we develop and produce SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) brand liquid resins, powder coatings resins and intermediates which are designed to selectively optimize coating systems so that they meet the highest requirements. Broaden the Property Spectrum of Your Coating! SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) resins and intermediates can broaden the property spectrum of your coatings, open up new fields and take existing applications to a whole new level of performance. Whether serving as sole silicone binder or being used for chemical or cold-blend modification of organic binders, such as polyesters, alkyds and epoxies, SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) products can impart specific film properties. This ability comes from their excellent resistance to high temperatures, UV radiation and moisture. Profit from Global Presence and Local Customer Support SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) products for industrial coatings are available in the same high standard anywhere in the world. We have also set up technical centers across the globe to offer you comprehensive support with applications and selection of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) products for industrial coatings Heat-resistant coatings must provide continuous service at temperatures between 200 °C and 650 °C, with little discoloration and loss of adhesion. This imposes extreme demands on the binder and the formulation. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins have proven particularly effective in long-term applications because of their very high inorganic content. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes): A Broad Portfolio Chemically, there are three types of silicone resin to choose from: • Pure phenyl polysiloxane • Pure methyl polysiloxane • Mixed phenyl/methyl polysiloxane For Excellent Heat Resistance Phenyl groups are the most thermally stable organic substituents. In highly pigmented paint systems, they provide heat resistance up to 650 °C. Phenyl silicone resins are particularly compatible with organic resins. And More Interesting Properties Methyl groups are the second most stable organic substituents. In coatings with a low pigment content, they confer heat resistance up to 200 °C. A high content of methyl groups in heat-resistant coatings increases their hardness, water repellency and non-stick properties. Methyl resins are ideal for formulating aluminum-pigmented paints that will resist temperatures up to 650 °C. Suitable For Many Coating Systems has innovative and established SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) binder alternatives for: • Solvent-borne systems and systems with little or no solvent content • Water-borne systems • Powder-coating systems •Room-temperature-curable systems Temperature [° C] Aluminum FeMn oxide Mica, Miox Zinc dust Ti02/color Clear Heat Resistance As a Function of Pigment/Filler Type The chart illustrates how the maximum heat resistance of a coating varies with the type of pigment/filler. Benefits of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) Binders in Heat-Resistant Coatings • Heat resistance up to 650 °C, combined with perfect adhesion • Durability under extreme temperature variations • Long-lasting corrosion protection • UV and weathering resistance • Low-VOC formulations possible Adjust the Profile to Your Demands! In addition to the binder’s heat resistance, versatile pigmentation is crucial for formulating heat-resistant paints. The right mix of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins, heatresistant pigments and fillers will meet most demands. Ideal for Many Applications In conclusion, SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins are the right binders for any structural element that might get hot when installed between other system parts of: • Vehicles (e.g. exhaust systems, mufflers, engine parts, brakes) •Industrial plant components (e.g. flues, stacks, furnaces, heat exchangers) • Household appliances (wood-burning ovens, stoves and stovepipes, BBQs, pots and pans) Compatible With Many Organic Resins SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) intermediates can be reacted in almost any proportions with a wide variety of organic resins. Typical examples are alkyd, polyester, epoxy and acrylic resins. No Undesired Side Effects Modification of organic resins and coatings with SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) intermediates leaves the following product properties unchanged: • Hardness • Baking rate • Mechanical resistance • Pigment compatibility • Adhesion Improved Heat Resistance The more SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) intermediate added, the more heat resistant the coating becomes. Coatings containing 50% or more intermediate will resist continuous exposure to temperatures above 250 °C – for up to several hundred hours. Effect of Film Thickness For maximum adhesion and resistance to temperature changes, the SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins must have the right film thickness. Film thicknesses between 10 and 30 µm (for powder coatings: 30 – 70 µm) after baking ensure that the coatings have the maximum lifetime. Note: thicker films may experience adhesion loss. Physical Drying Due to evaporation of solvent (in liquid paints), paint begins to dry as soon as it is applied. The rate of drying depends on the solvent type, spray-booth temperature and air speed in the baking oven. It is vital that the dryer air have a low particle count and be free of oil. Most SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins ensure tack-free drying at room temperature. SILRES BS 1360 is non-ionic, solvent-free, water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polysiloxane. Acts as a water repellent. SILRES BS 1360 increases water repellency, water resistance and water-vapor permeability as well as enhances processability and anti-blocking properties. In particular, silicate emulsion paints and plasters modified with this additive are characterized by extremely long-lasting and reliable water repellency. The hydrophobizing action is unaffected by long storage of the liquid paint system. SILRES BS 1360 is suitable for silicone resin emulsion paints and silicone resin plasters, highly-filled emulsion-based coatings and emulsion-modified whitewash. Application details of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is applied after compatibility test with the phenolic resin mixture by mixing and spraying or via an additional spraying equipment applied separately – at the same time or shortly before application of the binder. For this purpose SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) can be diluted with any quantity of water. Based on the glass or stone fiber mass the addition ratio varies between 0,05 and 0,2 weight % for stone wool and 0,1 and 0,3 weight % (always based on the weight of the dried final product) for glass wool. The quantity of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) to be applied also depends on the desired water repellency of the end product given. Individual tests must always be conducted in order to define the necessary quantities. To impart water repellency to expanded perlite or similar porous materials, SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is applied by spraying as well. 0,2 to 0,4 % by weight SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) are recommended as a dosage rate for perlite, 0 ,1 to 0,2 % for expanded clay aggregates. It can be sprayed onto the warm expanded material in order to avoid an additional drying process. Prolonged heating of the siliconized material must however be avoided. Guide formulation for laboratory tests to make perlite water-repellent (no guarantee can be given due to substrate and process variations): Mix 0,80 g SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) with 400 g of deionized water. Thoroughly mix or spray 200 g of perlite with this impregnating solution in a mixer until the liquid has been completely absorbed. Fill the moist material into a large dish and dry in a drying oven at 50°C for seven days. Fill the impregnated perlite into fine-meshed nylon sacks and immerse in deionized water. The sacks must be covered by 5 cm of water. Weigh the samples after gentle centrifuging (to remove adherent water) at fixed intervals. The results show that the perlite absorbs about 5 % of its dry weight in water after one day. Untreated perlite absorbs far more than 100 % of its dry weight in water in the same period. The test for water repellency according to the standard ASTM 303-77 is recommended. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) has been developed and optimized to be compatible with phenolic resin binders and tolerates without surplus of ammonia varying processing and formulating conditions. It is compatible and can be mixed with most phenolic resins, no side reactions or precipitations are observed. Based on the large variety of phenolic resins used plus further specific additives, however, a specific compatibility test in each plant is necessary. As the shelf life of the various mixtures depends largely on the formulation e. g. on the dilution of the emulsion it is recommended to apply the binder mixture without delay. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is a very efficient aqueous water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polydimethylsiloxane. SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) is used to impart water repellency to glass wool (fiber glass) or stone wool bound with phenolic resin. It can also be used for expanded minerals such as perlite or vermiculite, or expanded clay aggregates. Properties of SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) has an ideal viscosity for the feeding and dilution process during application. Once sprayed onto the substrate, in comparison to other emulsions of reactive polydimethylsiloxanes SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) shows an especially high thermal stability in the manufacturing process of the thermal insulating material. By enhancing coatings performance, opens up new possibilities for you. has been a global technology leader in silicone products for many years. An ambitious partner for the paints and coatings industry, we develop and produce SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) brand liquid resins, powder coatings resins and intermediates which are designed to selectively optimize coating systems so that they meet the highest requirements. Broaden the Property Spectrum of Your Coating! SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) resins and intermediates can broaden the property spectrum of your coatings, open up new fields and take existing applications to a whole new level of performance. Whether serving as sole silicone binder or being used for chemical or cold-blend modification of organic binders, such as polyesters, alkyds and epoxies, SILRES BS 1310 (silres bs 1310, Polysiloxanes) products can impart specific film properties. This ability comes from their excellent resistance to high temperatures, UV radiation and moisture.
SILRES BS 45
SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is a solventfree, water-thinnable emulsion of a polysiloxane modified with functional silicone resin. Technical data of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) General Characteristics of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) Property Condition Value Method of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) Solids content - approx. 50 % - Appearance - milky, white ASTM D 2240 Density 20 °C approx. 1 g/cm³ DIN 51757 pH 23 °C approx. 6 - 7 Indicator strips Applications of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) • Silicone Resin & Silicate Plasters • Renders & Plasters • Coatings & Paints • Additives for Plasters and Renders • Exterior Paints • Top Coats & Paints Application details of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) may be added undiluted to aqueous masonry coatings and primers either during or after manufacture. We recommend adding 1 - 3 wt% to masonry coatings. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is an additive used in the manufacture of aqueous masonry coatings and aqueous primers to enhance water repellency and water resistance. It also improves the processability and antiblocking characteristics of the aqueous coatings. Typical application fields are whitewash emulsions, silicate emulsion paints and plasters, highly filled emulsion coatings and silicone resin emulsion paints and plasters. Packaging and storage of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) Storage of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) The 'Best use before end' date of each batch is shown on the product label. Storage beyond the date specified on the label does not necessarily mean that the product is no longer usable. In this case however, the properties required for the intended use must be checked for quality assurance reasons. Product description of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is a solventfree, water-thinnable emulsion of a polysiloxane modified with functional silicone resin. Application of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is an additive used in the manufacture of aqueous masonry coatings and aqueous primers to enhance water repellency and water resistance. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) also improves the processability and antiblocking characteristics of the aqueous coatings. Typical application fields are whitewash emulsions, silicate emulsion paints and plasters, highly filled emulsion coatings and silicone resin emulsion paints and plasters. Processing of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) may be added undiluted to aqueous masonry coatings and primers either during or after manufacture. We recommend adding 1 - 3 wt% to masonry coatings. Product description of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is a water-dilutable solventless emulsion of a silicone resin used as a binder in the production of silicone resin emulsion paints and plasters. Application of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is employed as the main binder in silicone resin emulsion paints and plaster. If formulated properly, the products made with it characterized by high permeability to water vapor and CO₂, low water absorption, low soiling tendency, a mineral appearance and long life. An excellent beading effect is also achieved if SILRES BS 1306 is added. Facades must be primed before painting for optimal protection. Storage of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) The containers must be protected against sunlight. Stir well before taking emulsion from drums. The "Best use before end" date of each batch is shown on the product label. Storage beyond the date specified on the label does not necessarily mean that the product is no longer usable. In this case however, the properties required for the intended use must be checked for quality assurance reasons. Product description SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is a solventless silicone concentrate that is based on a mixture of silane and siloxane. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is dilutable with organic solvents. Dilute solutions of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) in organic solvents serve as high-quality general-purpose water repellents for impregnating and priming mineral and highly alkaline substrates. Special features of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) - good depth of penetration - high resistance to alkalis - tack-free drying - effective even on damp substrates - rapid development of water repellency After application to the mineral substrate, SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) reacts with the atmospheric moisture or pore water in the substrate, thereby generating the active ingredient while liberating alcohol. The active ingredient greatly lowers the water absorbency of the substrate, which nevertheless retains a very high degree of water vapour permeability since neither pores nor capillaries are clogged. Application of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is suitable for imparting water repellency to absorbent, porous, mineral construction materials, e. g.: - brickwork - all kinds of concrete - aerated concrete - sand-lime brickwork - cement fiberboards - mineral plasters - mineral-based natural and artificial stone - mineral paints SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is also suitable as primer for exterior paints.SILRES BS 290 is not suitable for rendering gypsum water repellent. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is not suitable for rendering gypsum water repellent.windows and other non-absorbent surfaces properly because the product cures so quickly that it will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to remove after a few hours. Wipe off any splashes on window panes immediately, using a solvent if necessary. For this reason, the figures quoted below are intended as a guide only: windows and other non-absorbent surfaces properly because the product cures so quickly that it will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to remove after a few hours. Wipe off any splashes on window panes immediately, using a solvent if necessary. For this reason, the figures quoted below are intended as a guide only: Processing of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) Flooding, preferably not under pressure, is the best technique for applying SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes), which is ready to use after dilution. Apply several coats, wet on wet, until the substrate is saturated. Generally, at least two applications suffice for all substrates.Do not leave long breaks between coats. Apply the next when the substrate has absorbed the previous one and is no longershiny (wet-on-wet working). The substrate must not have damp spots, i. e., it should look dry. The requisite quantity of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) depends on the adsorbency of the substrate. The amount of impregnating agent required for a substrate and the effectiveness of the impregnation should be determined on site by testing a small area of the material to be treated. Dilution of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) The solvents best suited for diluting SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) are aliphatic hydrocarbons (e. g. White Spirit 130/175), aromatic hydrocarbons (solvent naphtha, e. g. Shellsol A) or low-odor isoparaffin hydrocarbons. The solvent used should have a boiling range of 140-190°C and an evaporation number of 30-90. If the above-mentioned hydrocarbon solvents are used, SILRES BS 290 should be diluted in a weight ratio of 1:11 to 1:15. Anhydrous alcohols, such as ethanol or 2-propanol, could also be used and are even indispensable whenever contact of the impregnating agent with solvent-sensitive materials (such as expanded polystyrene, bitumen, etc.) cannot be avoided. The alcohol must be completely anhydrous. If alcohol is used as a solvent, a dilution ratio of 1:12pbw is recommended. When impregnating slightly damp substrates, SILRES BS 290 will give better results if diluted with hydrocarbons than with alcohol. Stir vigorously when adding the diluent to SILRES BS 290. Since SILRES BS 290 reacts with humidity, prolonged contact with air must be avoided. The containers must be hermetically sealed. Before applying SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes), be sure to cover Storage of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) The 'Best use before end' date of each batch is shown on the product label. Storage beyond the date specified on the label does not necessarily mean that the product is no longer usable. In this case however, the properties required for the intended use must be checked for quality assurance reasons. Product description of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is a nonionic, solvent-free, water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polysiloxane Application of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is used in undiluted form as a hydrophobizing additive for aqueous masonry paints or plasters to increase water repellency, water resistance and water vapour permeability as well as to enhance processability and anti-blocking properties. Suitable for: - silicone resin emulsion paints and - silicone resin emulsion plasters - silicate emulsion paints and plasters - highly-filled emulsion-based coatings - emulsion-modified whitewash - stoppers Paints and plasters modified SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) are characterized by an excellent water beading effect. Processing of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) can be added in undiluted form to aqueous masonry paints or plasters during or after their production. The addition of 1 to 3 wt.-% is recommended. Storage of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) The 'Best use before end' date of each batch is shown on the product label. Storage beyond the date specified on the label does not necessarily mean that the product is no longer usable. In this case however, the properties required for the intended use must be checked for quality assurance reasons. SILRES BS 1360 is non-ionic, solvent-free, water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polysiloxane. Acts as a water repellent. SILRES BS 1360 increases water repellency, water resistance and water-vapor permeability as well as enhances processability and anti-blocking properties. In particular, silicate emulsion paints and plasters modified with this additive are characterized by extremely long-lasting and reliable water repellency. The hydrophobizing action is unaffected by long storage of the liquid paint system. SILRES BS 1360 is suitable for silicone resin emulsion paints and silicone resin plasters, highly-filled emulsion-based coatings and emulsion-modified whitewash. Application details of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is applied after compatibility test with the phenolic resin mixture by mixing and spraying or via an additional spraying equipment applied separately – at the same time or shortly before application of the binder. For this purpose SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) can be diluted with any quantity of water. Based on the glass or stone fiber mass the addition ratio varies between 0,05 and 0,2 weight % for stone wool and 0,1 and 0,3 weight % (always based on the weight of the dried final product) for glass wool. The quantity of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) to be applied also depends on the desired water repellency of the end product given. Individual tests must always be conducted in order to define the necessary quantities. To impart water repellency to expanded perlite or similar porous materials, SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is applied by spraying as well. 0,2 to 0,4 % by weight SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) are recommended as a dosage rate for perlite, 0 ,1 to 0,2 % for expanded clay aggregates. It can be sprayed onto the warm expanded material in order to avoid an additional drying process. Prolonged heating of the siliconized material must however be avoided. Guide formulation for laboratory tests to make perlite water-repellent (no guarantee can be given due to substrate and process variations): Mix 0,80 g SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) with 400 g of deionized water. Thoroughly mix or spray 200 g of perlite with this impregnating solution in a mixer until the liquid has been completely absorbed. Fill the moist material into a large dish and dry in a drying oven at 50°C for seven days. Fill the impregnated perlite into fine-meshed nylon sacks and immerse in deionized water. The sacks must be covered by 5 cm of water. Weigh the samples after gentle centrifuging (to remove adherent water) at fixed intervals. The results show that the perlite absorbs about 5 % of its dry weight in water after one day. Untreated perlite absorbs far more than 100 % of its dry weight in water in the same period. The test for water repellency according to the standard ASTM 303-77 is recommended. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) has been developed and optimized to be compatible with phenolic resin binders and tolerates without surplus of ammonia varying processing and formulating conditions. It is compatible and can be mixed with most phenolic resins, no side reactions or precipitations are observed. Based on the large variety of phenolic resins used plus further specific additives, however, a specific compatibility test in each plant is necessary. As the shelf life of the various mixtures depends largely on the formulation e. g. on the dilution of the emulsion it is recommended to apply the binder mixture without delay. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is a very efficient aqueous water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polydimethylsiloxane. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is used to impart water repellency to glass wool (fiber glass) or stone wool bound with phenolic resin. It can also be used for expanded minerals such as perlite or vermiculite, or expanded clay aggregates. Properties of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) has an ideal viscosity for the feeding and dilution process during application. Once sprayed onto the substrate, in comparison to other emulsions of reactive polydimethylsiloxanes SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) shows an especially high thermal stability in the manufacturing process of the thermal insulating material. By enhancing coatings performance, opens up new possibilities for you. has been a global technology leader in silicone products for many years. An ambitious partner for the paints and coatings industry, we develop and produce SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) brand liquid resins, powder coatings resins and intermediates which are designed to selectively optimize coating systems so that they meet the highest requirements. Broaden the Property Spectrum of Your Coating! SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) resins and intermediates can broaden the property spectrum of your coatings, open up new fields and take existing applications to a whole new level of performance. Whether serving as sole silicone binder or being used for chemical or cold-blend modification of organic binders, such as polyesters, alkyds and epoxies, SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) products can impart specific film properties. This ability comes from their excellent resistance to high temperatures, UV radiation and moisture. Profit from Global Presence and Local Customer Support SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) products for industrial coatings are available in the same high standard anywhere in the world. We have also set up technical centers across the globe to offer you comprehensive support with applications and selection of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) products for industrial coatings Heat-resistant coatings must provide continuous service at temperatures between 200 °C and 650 °C, with little discoloration and loss of adhesion. This imposes extreme demands on the binder and the formulation. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins have proven particularly effective in long-term applications because of their very high inorganic content. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes): A Broad Portfolio Chemically, there are three types of silicone resin to choose from: • Pure phenyl polysiloxane • Pure methyl polysiloxane • Mixed phenyl/methyl polysiloxane For Excellent Heat Resistance Phenyl groups are the most thermally stable organic substituents. In highly pigmented paint systems, they provide heat resistance up to 650 °C. Phenyl silicone resins are particularly compatible with organic resins. And More Interesting Properties Methyl groups are the second most stable organic substituents. In coatings with a low pigment content, they confer heat resistance up to 200 °C. A high content of methyl groups in heat-resistant coatings increases their hardness, water repellency and non-stick properties. Methyl resins are ideal for formulating aluminum-pigmented paints that will resist temperatures up to 650 °C. Suitable For Many Coating Systems has innovative and established SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) binder alternatives for: • Solvent-borne systems and systems with little or no solvent content • Water-borne systems • Powder-coating systems •Room-temperature-curable systems Temperature [° C] Aluminum FeMn oxide Mica, Miox Zinc dust Ti02/color Clear Heat Resistance As a Function of Pigment/Filler Type The chart illustrates how the maximum heat resistance of a coating varies with the type of pigment/filler. Benefits of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) Binders in Heat-Resistant Coatings • Heat resistance up to 650 °C, combined with perfect adhesion • Durability under extreme temperature variations • Long-lasting corrosion protection • UV and weathering resistance • Low-VOC formulations possible Adjust the Profile to Your Demands! In addition to the binder’s heat resistance, versatile pigmentation is crucial for formulating heat-resistant paints. The right mix of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins, heatresistant pigments and fillers will meet most demands. Ideal for Many Applications In conclusion, SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins are the right binders for any structural element that might get hot when installed between other system parts of: • Vehicles (e.g. exhaust systems, mufflers, engine parts, brakes) •Industrial plant components (e.g. flues, stacks, furnaces, heat exchangers) • Household appliances (wood-burning ovens, stoves and stovepipes, BBQs, pots and pans) Compatible With Many Organic Resins SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) intermediates can be reacted in almost any proportions with a wide variety of organic resins. Typical examples are alkyd, polyester, epoxy and acrylic resins. No Undesired Side Effects Modification of organic resins and coatings with SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) intermediates leaves the following product properties unchanged: • Hardness • Baking rate • Mechanical resistance • Pigment compatibility • Adhesion Improved Heat Resistance The more SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) intermediate added, the more heat resistant the coating becomes. Coatings containing 50% or more intermediate will resist continuous exposure to temperatures above 250 °C – for up to several hundred hours. Effect of Film Thickness For maximum adhesion and resistance to temperature changes, the SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins must have the right film thickness. Film thicknesses between 10 and 30 µm (for powder coatings: 30 – 70 µm) after baking ensure that the coatings have the maximum lifetime. Note: thicker films may experience adhesion loss. Physical Drying Due to evaporation of solvent (in liquid paints), paint begins to dry as soon as it is applied. The rate of drying depends on the solvent type, spray-booth temperature and air speed in the baking oven. It is vital that the dryer air have a low particle count and be free of oil. Most SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) silicone resins ensure tack-free drying at room temperature. SILRES BS 1360 is non-ionic, solvent-free, water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polysiloxane. Acts as a water repellent. SILRES BS 1360 increases water repellency, water resistance and water-vapor permeability as well as enhances processability and anti-blocking properties. In particular, silicate emulsion paints and plasters modified with this additive are characterized by extremely long-lasting and reliable water repellency. The hydrophobizing action is unaffected by long storage of the liquid paint system. SILRES BS 1360 is suitable for silicone resin emulsion paints and silicone resin plasters, highly-filled emulsion-based coatings and emulsion-modified whitewash. Application details of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is applied after compatibility test with the phenolic resin mixture by mixing and spraying or via an additional spraying equipment applied separately – at the same time or shortly before application of the binder. For this purpose SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) can be diluted with any quantity of water. Based on the glass or stone fiber mass the addition ratio varies between 0,05 and 0,2 weight % for stone wool and 0,1 and 0,3 weight % (always based on the weight of the dried final product) for glass wool. The quantity of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) to be applied also depends on the desired water repellency of the end product given. Individual tests must always be conducted in order to define the necessary quantities. To impart water repellency to expanded perlite or similar porous materials, SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is applied by spraying as well. 0,2 to 0,4 % by weight SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) are recommended as a dosage rate for perlite, 0 ,1 to 0,2 % for expanded clay aggregates. It can be sprayed onto the warm expanded material in order to avoid an additional drying process. Prolonged heating of the siliconized material must however be avoided. Guide formulation for laboratory tests to make perlite water-repellent (no guarantee can be given due to substrate and process variations): Mix 0,80 g SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) with 400 g of deionized water. Thoroughly mix or spray 200 g of perlite with this impregnating solution in a mixer until the liquid has been completely absorbed. Fill the moist material into a large dish and dry in a drying oven at 50°C for seven days. Fill the impregnated perlite into fine-meshed nylon sacks and immerse in deionized water. The sacks must be covered by 5 cm of water. Weigh the samples after gentle centrifuging (to remove adherent water) at fixed intervals. The results show that the perlite absorbs about 5 % of its dry weight in water after one day. Untreated perlite absorbs far more than 100 % of its dry weight in water in the same period. The test for water repellency according to the standard ASTM 303-77 is recommended. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) has been developed and optimized to be compatible with phenolic resin binders and tolerates without surplus of ammonia varying processing and formulating conditions. It is compatible and can be mixed with most phenolic resins, no side reactions or precipitations are observed. Based on the large variety of phenolic resins used plus further specific additives, however, a specific compatibility test in each plant is necessary. As the shelf life of the various mixtures depends largely on the formulation e. g. on the dilution of the emulsion it is recommended to apply the binder mixture without delay. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is a very efficient aqueous water-dilutable emulsion of a reactive polydimethylsiloxane. SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) is used to impart water repellency to glass wool (fiber glass) or stone wool bound with phenolic resin. It can also be used for expanded minerals such as perlite or vermiculite, or expanded clay aggregates. Properties of SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) has an ideal viscosity for the feeding and dilution process during application. Once sprayed onto the substrate, in comparison to other emulsions of reactive polydimethylsiloxanes SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) shows an especially high thermal stability in the manufacturing process of the thermal insulating material. By enhancing coatings performance, opens up new possibilities for you. has been a global technology leader in silicone products for many years. An ambitious partner for the paints and coatings industry, we develop and produce SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) brand liquid resins, powder coatings resins and intermediates which are designed to selectively optimize coating systems so that they meet the highest requirements. Broaden the Property Spectrum of Your Coating! SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) resins and intermediates can broaden the property spectrum of your coatings, open up new fields and take existing applications to a whole new level of performance. Whether serving as sole silicone binder or being used for chemical or cold-blend modification of organic binders, such as polyesters, alkyds and epoxies, SILRES BS 45 (silres bs 45, Polysiloxanes) products can impart specific film properties. This ability comes from their excellent resistance to high temperatures, UV radiation and moisture.
SILVER BIOCIDE
Silver Biocide products may contain silver in ionic, colloidal or nanoparticle form, and to complicate things further, these may either be in free or bound form.
Irrespective of the form of the Silver Biocide used, a major characteristic that will affect the bactericidal effect of the silver is the concentration of silver ions released.


Silver Biocide is based on solutions of water soluble silver salts such as silver chloride or citrate, or in the case of one manufacturer, silver chloride adsorbed onto titanium dioxide, which produces a product with greater longevity of activity.
Silver Biocide is effective at extremely low concentrations (ppb levels of silver ions) and has a very broad spectrum kill.
At the recommended use levels Silver Biocide is considered nontoxic to humans.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SILVER BIOCIDE:
Silver Biocide is used (0.5% or approximately 140 metric tons) is still very small and the remainder of the silver is used for investment and coins (5%)
Silver Biocide is used in an ever increasing range of products, including water treatment, fibers, washing machines, dyes/paints and varnishes,
polymers, medical applications, sinks and sanitary ceramics and various ‘consumer’ applications such as disinfectants, cosmetics, cleaning agents, baby bottles, etc.


Silver Biocide is used in an ever increasing range of products, including fibers, washing machines, dyes/paints and varnishes, polymers, medical applications, sinks and sanitary ceramics and various ‘consumer’ applications such as disinfectants, cosmetics, cleaning agents, baby bottles, etc.
Silver Biocide is widely available consumer products which contain nanosilver include food contact materials (such as cups, bowls and cutting boards), cosmetics and personal care products, children’s toys and infant products and ‘health’ supplements.


Silver Biocide offers a potential advantage over iodine, the current state-of-the-art in US spacecraft disinfection technology, in that silver can be safely consumed by the crew.
As such, Silver Biocide may reduce the overall complexity and mass of future spacecraft potable water systems, particularly those used to support long duration missions.


A primary technology gap identified for the use of silver biocide is one of material compatibility.
Wetted materials of construction are required to be selected such that silver ion concentrations can be maintained at biocidally effective levels.
Preliminary data on silver biocide depletion rates in heritage spacecraft potable water system wetted materials of construction has been gathered as part of a multi-phase test project aimed at the characterization of silver based biocide technology through: development of preferred materials lists, investigation of silver biocide forms and delivery methods, down-selection of silver biocide technologies, and integrated testing.



FIRST AID MEASURES of SILVER BIOCIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SILVER BIOCIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SILVER BIOCIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SILVER BIOCIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SILVER BIOCIDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SILVER BIOCIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SILVER CHLORIDE
Silver Chloride is an inorganic salt.
Silver Chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgCl.


CAS Number: 7783-90-6
EC Number: 232-033-3
Chemical formula: AgCl



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Silver chloride is a white crystalline chemical compound with the formula AgCl.
Silver chloride in the test tube quickly turns purplish, especially in a sunny laboratory because the silver chloride is split up into silver and chlorine.
Silver chloride is prepared when sodium chloride is added to silver nitrate solution a white precipitate of silver chloride occurs.


Silver chloride is an example of a well-known salt stain used to impart an amber colour to the glass.
Silver Chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgCl.
This white crystalline solid, Silver Chloride, is well known for its low solubility in water and its sensitivity to light.


Upon illumination or heating, silver chloride converts to silver (and chlorine), which is signaled by grey to black or purplish coloration in some samples.
Silver Chloride occurs naturally as a mineral chlorargyrite.
Silver Chloride is produced by a metathesis reaction for use in photography and in pH meters as electrodes.


Silver chloride is a chloride of silver that occurs naturally as the mineral chlorargyrite.
Silver is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47.
Silver Chloride occurs naturally in its pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.


Silver chloride, AgCl, is a white crystalline solid which is well known for its low solubility in water.
Silver Chloride occurs naturally as the mineral chlorargyrite.
Silver chloride converts to silver and chlorine, when subjected to sunlight or heating.


Silver Chloride adopts the fcc NaCl structure, in which Ag+ ions are surrounded by octahedrons of six chloride ligands.
Silver chloride is a white, curdy, crystalline solid compound.
In the lab, Silver Chloride is prepared from a solution of AgNO3 by precipitation with NaCl solution.


Silver Chloride is roughly 75% silver by weight.
Silver chloride melts at a temperature of 455° C and boils at 1550° C.
Silver Chloride is one of the few chloride compounds known to be very insoluble in water.


Only PbCl2 and Hg2CL2 share this unique property, with PbCl2 being soluble in hot water.
Thus, selective precipitation of silver from a mixed metal ion solution is an ideal method.
Upon precipitating, silver chloride tends to agglomerate into larger and larger masses.


This is enhanced by mild agitation.
For improving solid settling rates and obtaining clear resultant filtrate solutions from liquid/solid separations, this agglomeration enhancement principle is important.
Electrochemically, Silver Chloride is quite noble.


The standard potential relative to hydrogen is 0.2223 V for the following reaction.
AgCl (S) + e- → Ag° + Cl-…………………………………………………(1)
As such, it may be reduced by redox couples with many less noble materials.


This knowledge has been adapted by the battery industry.
A prime example of this is the use of AgCl-Mg batteries for submarine torpedoes.
Here the redox couple and the resultant electrical energy necessary to drive the propeller is started by immersion in seawater, an excellent electrolyte.


Also, because of limited solubility and favorable electrochemical properties, silver chloride finds use as a material in the fabrication of electrochemical reference electrodes.
Compared to the calomel or hydrogen electrode, silver chloride is the preferred choice for most reference electrode applications.


Perhaps the greatest use of silver chloride exploits its photochemical properties.
This is directly related to the ability of light energy to readily reduce silver chloride to silver metal.
When exposed to light, silver chloride turns violet at first and finally black; it is decomposed to its elements.


This is represented as:
2AgCl (S) + light → 2Ag° + Cl2……………………………………………………….(2)
As such, the silver chlorides, bromides and iodides present in film form the basis for photography.


Silver Chloride is a white granular powder or cubic crystals; refractive index 2.071; darkens on exposure to light; density 5.56 g/cm3; Moh’s hardness 2.5; melts at 455°C; vaporizes at 1,547°C; vapor pressure 1 and 5 torr at 912 and 1,019°C; insoluble in water, alcohol and dilute acids; soluble in ammonia solution and concentrated sulfuric acid, alkali cyanide, ammonium carbonate; also soluble in potassium bromide and sodium thiosulfate solutions.


Silver Chloride is a chloride of silver that occurs naturally as the mineral chlorargyrite.
Silver Chloride is used to make photographic paper and pottery glazes.
Silver Chloride is also found in stained glass colorants, bandages, and other wound healing products, and may be used as an antidote to mercury poisoning.


Silver is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47.
Silver Chloride occurs naturally in its pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
This white crystalline solid, Silver Chloride, is well known for its low solubility in water (this behavior being reminiscent of the chlorides of Tl+ and Pb2+).


Silver chloride is described as a white crystalline chemical compound having the formula AgCl.
Silver chloride, present in the test tube, turns purplish quickly, especially in the case of a sunny laboratory due to the silver chloride being split up into both chlorine and silver.


Silver chloride can be prepared when the sodium chloride compound is added to the silver nitrate solution; there occurs a white precipitate of silver chloride.
Silver chloride is also an example of a well-known salt stain, which is used to impart an amber colour to the glass.


Chloro silver is the other name of silver chloride.
Silver chloride, abbreviated as AgCl, is a chemical compound.
This white crystalline substance, Silver Chloride, is well recognised for its inability to dissolve in water.


Natural sources of Silver Chloride include the mineral chlorargyrite.
Because the silver chloride is divided up into silver and chlorine, the silver chloride in the test tube quickly turns purplish, especially in a sunny environment.


When sodium chloride is added to a silver nitrate solution, a white silver chloride precipitate appears.
Silver chloride is a well-known salt stain used to provide amber colour to the glass.
The Silver Chloride formula is a crystalline solid white.


Silver Chloride is insoluble in water, alcohol, and dilute acids.
Silver Chloride dissolves easily in ammonia, sulfuric acid, alkali cyanide, hydrochloric acid, and potassium bromide solution.
Silver Chloride occurs naturally as a mineral, such as chlorargyrite.


Silver Chloride may be made commercially by homogenising aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and silver nitrate.
Silver Chloride is an inorganic photosensitive substance that is commonly used in photography.
Silver Chloride has a molecular weight of 143.32 grams/mol and is a crystalline white solid.


Silver Chloride has a density of 5.56 gm/cm3.
Silver Chloride has a melting point of 455 °C.
Silver Chloride has a boiling point of 1547 °C.


Silver chloride is a prime example of a salt that cannot dissolve in water.
Silver Chloride also cannot be dissolved in dilute acids or alcohols.
Ammonia, alkali cyanides, potassium bromide, sulfuric acid, and hydrochloric acid are used to render it soluble.


Silver chloride, chemical compound, AgCl, a white cubic crystalline solid.
Silver Chloride is nearly insoluble in water but is soluble in a water solution of ammonia, potassium cyanide, or sodium thiosulfate (“hypo”).
On exposure to light Silver Chloride becomes a deep grayish blue due to its decomposition into metallic silver and atomic chlorine.


Silver Chloride is a useful material for deep IR applications where sensitivity to moisture is a problem.
This soft crystal deforms under heat and pressure and can be forged in polished dies to create IR windows and lenses.
A major use for Silver Chloride is in the manufacture of small disposable cell windows for spectroscopy, known as mini-cells.


These windows have a depression of controlled thickness pressed into the surface.
The inherent cost of Silver Chloride material is offset against ease of manufacture.
The functioning process of silver chloride is intricate, but it can be simplified into several fundamental stages.


Upon exposure to an aqueous solution, silver ions within silver chloride interact with chloride ions, resulting in the formation of silver chloride.
This reaction is reversible, allowing silver chloride to disintegrate into silver and chloride ions when subjected to an acidic or basic environment.
Additionally, silver chloride has the ability to bind to proteins and other molecules within the body, leading to modifications in their structure and function.


Furthermore, upon absorption into the body, silver chloride can engage with cells and induce alterations in their metabolism.
Silver Chloride, Granular, Reagent is a chemical compound of silver and chlorine, with a molecular formula AgCl.
Silver chloride is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgCl.


This white crystalline solid, Silver Chloride, is well known for its low solubility in water.
Upon illumination or heating, silver chloride converts to silver, which is signaled by grey to black or purplish coloration to some samples.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver Chloride is used to make photographic paper and pottery glazes.
Silver Chloride is also found in stained glass colorants, bandages, and other wound healing products, and may be used as an antidote to mercury poisoning.
Other photographic uses include making photographic paper, since Silver Chloride reacts with photons to form latent images via photoreduction; and in photochromic lenses, taking advantage of its reversible conversion to Ag metal.


Unlike photography, where the photoreduction is irreversible, the glass prevents the electron from being 'trapped'.
These photochromic lenses are used primarily in sunglasses.
Silver chloride's low solubility makes it a useful addition to pottery glazes for the production of "Inglaze lustre".


Silver chloride has been used as an antidote for mercury poisoning, assisting in the elimination of mercury.
Other uses of AgCl include: in bandages and wound healing products, to create yellow, amber, and brown shades in stained glass manufacture, as an infrared transmissive optical component, as it can be hot-pressed into window and lens shapes, and as an antimicrobial agent.


The most effective form of water-activated battery uses magnesium as the anode and silver chloride as the positive electrode.
Silver Chloride is used in electroplating and polishing mirrors and in making alloys.
Silver Chloride is used as an antidote that reacts with the poison to produce a harmless chemical compound.


Silver Chloride is used in medicines and silver salts are used in photographic films.
The most efficient type of water-activated battery employs magnesium as an anode and silver chloride as a positive electrode.
Silver Chloride’s used in mirror electroplating and polishing, as well as alloy manufacturing.


As an antidote, Silver Chloride interacts with the poison to form an innocuous chemical molecule.
Silver salts are utilised in photographic films and are used in pharmaceuticals.
Because of its limited solubility, silver chloride is a helpful additive to ceramic glazes for the development of “Inglaze lustre.”


Because Silver Chloride reacts with photons to form a latent picture via photoreduction, it is used to make photographic paper.
Silver chloride has a variety of applications, including: Photography, Electronics, Medicine, and Chemicals
Silver chloride is a compound made up of silver and chlorine.


Silver Chloride is a white solid that is often used in photography.
Silver chloride is also used in some types of batteries.
Silver chloride is used in silver plating and to obtain pure silver.


The salt also finds applications in photography and optics; in photochromic glass; and in electrodes and batteries.
Silver Chloride is used to make antiseptic silver solution. It occurs as the mineral cerargyrite.
Silver Chloride is used in photographic films, to coat and silver glass, as an antiseptic, and to absorb infrared light in lenses.


Silver Chloride is used employed in Silver plating.
Owing to its characteristic of reversible reduction to silver metal, Silver Chloride is used in photochromic lenses.
Silver Chloride is used as a cathode in sea water activated batteries. In electrochemistry, silver chloride electrode is used for potentiometric measurements.


Silver Chlorideserves as an antidote for mercury poisoning, and eliminates mercury from body.
Silver Chloride is used in glass manufacturing industry.
Silver Chloride is useful in the production of bandages, wound healing products and inglaze lustre, personal deodorant products, as well as for long term preservation of drinking water in water tanks; its pharmaceutical composition finds use as an antibacterial agent.


Silver Chloride is very important as a linear polarizer in the infrared region (λ: 2–23 mm).
The refractive index is almost constant in the infrared region and the polarization angle is almost independent of wavelength.
The polarization angles are 63°43' (3 mm), 63°20' (10 mm), and 63°33' (20 mm), showing the difference of angle below 18 for λ: 2–23 mm.


The polariscope is fabricated typically by arranging the six sheets of plates with the thickness of 0.5 mm in the shape of roof type.
Bakelite or plastic is good for the material of the holder case.
Silver Chloride is used in silver plating, in making antiseptic silver preparations.


Silver Chloride is found in nature as horn silver, this white powder is made by the combination of a soluble chloride and silver nitrate.
Silver bromide could also be formed by exposing metallic silver to the fumes of bromine as in the daguerreotype process.
Silver Chloride is soluble in sodium thiosulfate, potassium bromide solutions, and strong ammonia.


This silver halide was the first to be observed to darken spontaneously by exposure to light.
Silver chloride formed the basis of the photogenic drawing, salted paper print, albumen print, collodion-chloride POP, gelatin chloride POP, and gaslight paper.


Silver Chloride is used in photography,photometry and optics, batteries, photochromic glass,silver plating,production of pure silver, and as an antiseptic.
Single crystals are used for infrared absorption cells and lens elements and as a lab reagent
Silver Chloride has been used as an antidote for mercury poisoning, assisting in mercury elimination.


Silver Chloride is used as a cathode in sea water activated batteries. In electrochemistry, silver chloride electrode is used for potentiometric measurements.
Silver Chloride is used to make a photographic paper because it reacts with photons to produce a latent image via photoreduction.


Silver Chloride is used in the photochromic lenses, again taking advantage of its reversible conversion to Ag metal.
Silver Chloride is used wound healing products and in bandages.
Silver Chloride is used to create amber, brown, and yellow shades in the manufacturing of stained glass.


Silver Chloride is used as an infrared transmissive optical component since it can be hot-pressed into lens shapes and window.
Silver Chloride is used as an Antimicrobial Agent: For the long-term preservation of drinking water in water tanks, and In a few personal deodorant products.


There are many applications for Silver Chloride, including those in electrochemistry, infra-red technology, photochromic lenses, photographic paper, as well as bandages.
Silver Chloride is an analytical reagent used in some laboratory tests to determine the purity of other products and whether they can be graded pure enough for use in cosmetics, personal care, pharmaceutical or food and beverages.


This light-sensitive behavior is the basis of photographic processes.
Since silver bromide, AgBr, and silver iodide, Silver Chloride, react similarly, all three of these silver halide salts are used in making photographic films and plates.


Both the bromide and iodide are less soluble in water and more sensitive to light than the chloride.
The bromide forms light yellow cubic crystals; the iodide forms yellow hexagonal or yellow-orange cubic crystals, depending on the temperature.
Besides use in photography, silver chloride is used in silver plating, and silver iodide is used for seeding clouds.


The chloride, bromide, and iodide occur naturally as the minerals cerargyrite, bromyrite, and iodyrite, respectively.
Silver fluoride, AgF, forms colorless cubic crystals; Silver Chloride is much more soluble in water than the other silver halides.


-Use of Silver Chloride as Electrode Material
The brightness of a light emitting diode (LED) determined by the forward voltage (Vf) needed to make the LED light up.
The higher the Vf, the brighter the LED.
Therefore silver chloride has a high Vf of 2.5 volts, which makes it a good choice for an electrode material in an LED.



PHOTOGRAPHY USES OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride and silver nitrate have been used in photography since it began, and are well known for their light sensitivity.
It was also a vital part of the Daguerreotype sensitization where silver plates were fumed with chlorine to produce a thin layer of silver chloride.

Another famous process that used silver chloride was the gelatin silver process where embedded silver chloride crystals in gelatin were used to produce images.
However, with advances in color photography, these methods of black-and-white photography have dwindled.
Even though color photography uses silver chloride, it only works as a mediator for transforming light into organic image dyes.



SILVER CHLORIDE ELECTRODE USES:
Silver chloride is a constituent of the silver chloride electrode which is a common reference electrode in electrochemistry.
The electrode functions as a reversible redox electrode and the equilibrium is between the solid silver metal and silver chloride in a chloride solution of a given concentration.

It is usually the internal reference electrode in pH meters and Silver Chloride is often used as a reference in reduction potential measurements.
As an example of the latter, the silver chloride electrode is the most commonly used reference electrode for testing cathodic protection corrosion control systems in seawater environments.



USE OF SILVER CHLORIDE AS ELECTRODE:
Silver Chloride is considered a convenient option to be used as a reference electrode.
In electrochemistry, the industry uses two types of electrodes to make potential measurements.

One type of electrode is called the indicator electrode which has a particular characteristic that allows the electrode to selectively respond to changes in activity of the analyte being measured.
On the other end, a reference electrode is needed in the system that possesses a characteristic which allows Silver Chloride to remain stable to the changes in the activity of the analyte being measured.

In order for potential measurements to have context, the reference electrode needs to be composed in a manner that it remains stable over time to potential changes being measured whereas the indicator electrode responds reactively.
The silver chloride reference electrode is made up of a silver wire coated with a layer of solid silver chloride submerged in a solution saturated with potassium chloride and silver chloride.



SILVER CHLORIDE AS ELECTROLYTE:
Silver chloride is considered a strong electrolyte.
Silver chloride is one of the few insoluble ionic compounds that are strong electrolytes.
There is virtually no undissociated form of the silver chloride compound in the solution as even if small amounts dissolve in water, they do so as ions only.



GET SILVER CHLORIDE FROM SODIUM CHLORIDE:
In a double displacement reaction between aqueous silver nitrate solution and aqueous sodium chloride solution, silver chloride and sodium nitrate are formed.
Silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution are both colourless solutions.

These solutions upon reaction with each other produce a white precipitate and a colourless solution.
The resultant solution is sodium nitrate.
The resultant precipitate is silver chloride.

Then resulting compounds, silver chloride and sodium nitrate do not react with each other.
Silver chloride can be separated from sodium nitrate by adding water to the solution to dissolve sodium nitrate because it is soluble in water whereas the silver chloride precipitate is not soluble in water.
Hence, silver chloride can be obtained through separation and filtration.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride, AgCl, is a white,granular powder that darkens on exposure to light,finally turning black.
Silver Chloride exists in several modifications differing in behavior toward light and solubility in various solvents.

Silver Chloride is soluble in ammonium hydroxide, concentrated sulfuric acid, and sodium thiosulfate and potassium bromide solutions, very slightly soluble in water, can be melted, cast, and fabricated like a metal.

Silver Chloride is derived by heating a silver nitrate solution and adding hydrochloric acid or salt solution.
The whole is boiled, then filtered.
This must take place in the dark or under a ruby-red light.

Silver Chloride is used in photography,photometry and optics, batteries, photochromic glass,silver plating,production of pure silver, and as an antiseptic.
Single crystals are used for infrared absorption cells and lens elements and as a lab reagent



PURIFICATION METHODS OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Recrystallise Silver Chloride from the conc NH3 solution by acidifying with HCl, filtering off the solid, washing it with H2O and drying it in a vacuum.
Silver Chloride is soluble in NH3 and should be kept in the dark.



CRYSTAL SYSTEM OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
The space lattice of Silver Chloride belongs to the cubic system, and its rock salt structure has a lattice constant of a=0.554 nm, Ag–Cl=0.277 nm.
Cleavage does not occur.



PREPARATION OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride is prepared by slowly adding an alkali metal chloride solution to a hot solution of silver nitrate.
The solution mixture is boiled:
Ag+ (aq) + Cl¯ (aq) → AgCl (s)

The precipitate is washed with hot water.
Silver Chloride is purified by dissolving in ammonia solution, filtering out any insoluble residues, and then adding hydrochloric acid to reprecipitate silver chloride.
Preparation should be carried out in the dark in ruby red light.



IS SILVER CHLORIDE INSOLUBLE IN WATER?
No, though Silver Chloride and NaCl seem to be similar, the Ag ion's effective nuclear charge is much more compared to the Na+ ion.
Thus, according to the Fajan law, it polarizes chloride anion and forms the bond between them more covalently (in NaCl, Na holds an overall positive charge, and chloride holds a negative charge.

Hence, there is no electron present between Cl and Na, and thus it is not covalent.
Whereas in Cl and Ag, as polarization occurs, the electron residing on Cl- gets towards the Ag+ ion.
Therefore, some amount of electric charge comes between Cl- and Ag+ ion and this forms a covalent bond.



PREPARATION OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride is unusual in that, unlike most chloride salts, it has very low solubility.
Silver Chloride is easily synthesized by metathesis: combining an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (which is soluble) with a soluble chloride salt, such as sodium chloride (which is used industrially as a method of producing AgCl), or cobalt(II) chloride.
The silver chloride that forms will precipitate immediately.

AgNO3+NaCl⟶AgCl↓+NaNO3
2AgNO3+CoCl2⟶2AgCl↓+Co(NO3)2

It can also be produced by the reaction of silver metal and aqua regia; however, the insolubility of silver chloride decelerates the reaction.
Silver chloride is also a by-product of the Miller process, where silver metal is reacted with chlorine gas at elevated temperatures.



HISTORY OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride has been known since ancient times.
Ancient Egyptians produced it as a method of refining silver, which was done by roasting silver ores with salt to produce silver chloride, which was subsequently decomposed to silver and chlorine.

However, Silver Chloride was later identified as a distinct compound of silver in 1566 by Georg Fabricius.
Silver chloride, historically known as luna cornea which could be translated as "horn silver" as the moon was an alchemic codename for silver, has also been an intermediate in other historical silver refining processes.

One such example is the Augustin process developed in 1843, where copper ore containing small amounts of silver is roasted in chloridizing conditions and the silver chloride produced is leached by brine, where it is more soluble.

Silver-based photographic films were first made in 1727 by Johann Heinrich Schulze with silver nitrate.
However, he was not successful in making permanent images, as they faded away.
Later in 1816, the use of silver chloride was introduced into photography by Nicéphore Niépce.



STRUCTURE OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
The solid adopts the fcc NaCl structure, in which each Ag+ ion is surrounded by an octahedron of six chloride ligands. AgF and AgBr crystallize similarly.
However, the crystallography depends on the condition of crystallization, primarily free silver ion concentration, as is shown in the pictures left (greyish tint and metallic lustre are due to partly reduced silver).

Above 7.5 GPa, silver chloride transitions into a monoclinic KOH phase.
Then at 11 GPa, it undergoes another phase change to an orthorhombic TlI phase.



REACTIONS OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
AgCl dissolves in solutions containing ligands such as chloride, cyanide, triphenylphosphine, thiosulfate, thiocyanate and ammonia.
Silver chloride reacts with these ligands according to the following illustrative equations:

AgCl(s)+Cl−(aq)⟶AgCl2−(aq)
AgCl(s)+2S2O32−(aq)⟶(Ag(S2O3)2)3−(aq)+Cl−(aq)
AgCl(s)+2NH3(aq)⟶Ag(NH3)2+(aq)+Cl−(aq)

These reactions are used to leach silver chloride from silver ores, cyanidation is the most commonly used, which are later converted to silver metal.
Silver chloride does not react with nitric acid, but instead reacts with sulfuric acid to produce silver sulfate.
Then the sulfate is protonated in the presence of sulfuric acid to bisulfate, which can be reversed by dilution.
This reaction is used to separate silver from other platinum group metals.

Most complexes derived from Silver Chloride are two-, three-, and, in rare cases, four-coordinate, adopting linear, trigonal planar, and tetrahedral coordination geometries, respectively.
3AgCl(s)+Na3AsO3(aq)⟶Ag3AsO3(s)+3NaCl(aq)

3AgCl(s)+Na3AsO4(aq)⟶Ag3AsO4(s)+3NaCl(aq)
These two reactions are particularly important in the qualitative analysis of AgCl in labs as Silver Chloride is white, which changes to
Ag3AsO3 which is yellow, or Ag3AsO4 which is reddish brown.



CHEMISTRY OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
In one of the most famous reactions in chemistry, the addition of colorless aqueous silver nitrate to an equally colorless solution of sodium chloride produces an opaque white precipitate of AgCl:
Ag+(aq)+Cl−(aq)⟶AgCl(s)

This conversion is a common test for the presence of chloride in solution.
Due to its conspicuousness, Silver Chloride is easily used in titration, which gives the typical case of argentometry.

The solubility product, Ksp, for Silver Chloride in water is 1.77×10−10 at room temperature, which indicates that only 1.9 mg (that is,
1.77×10−10 mol of Silver Chloride will dissolve per liter of water.
The chloride content of an aqueous solution can be determined quantitatively by weighing the precipitated Silver Chloride, which conveniently is non-hygroscopic since AgCl is one of the few transition metal chlorides that are unreactive toward water.

Interfering ions for this test are bromide and iodide, as well as a variety of ligands.
For AgBr and AgI, the Ksp values are 5.2 x 10−13 and 8.3 x 10−17, respectively.
Silver bromide (slightly yellowish white) and silver iodide (bright yellow) are also significantly more photosensitive than is Silver Chloride.

AgCl quickly darkens on exposure to light by disintegrating into elemental chlorine and metallic silver.
This reaction is used in photography and film and is the following:

Cl− + hν → Cl + e− (excitation of the chloride ion, which gives up its extra electron into the conduction band)
Ag+ + e− → Ag (liberation of a silver ion, which gains an electron to become a silver atom)
The process is not reversible because the silver atom liberated is typically found at a crystal defect or an impurity site so that the electron's energy is lowered enough that it is "trapped".



NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride occurs naturally as chlorargyrite in the arid and oxidized zones in silver deposits.
If some of the chloride ions are replaced by bromide or iodide ions, the words bromian and iodian are added before the name, respectively.
This mineral is a source of silver and is leached by cyanidation, where it will produce the soluble [Ag(CN)2]– complex.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride undergos decomposition reaction in the presence of sunlight to form silver and chlorine.
The chemical reaction is as follows.
2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2

Silver chloride reacts with bases like ammonia forming a complex compound called Silver diammonium ion and chloride ion.
AgCl + 2NH3 → [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl–
Let us look at the chemical properties of silver chloride.

Silver chloride undergoes a decomposition reaction in the presence of sunlight to produce chlorine and silver.
The chemical reaction for the same can be given as follows:
AgCl → Ag + Cl

Silver chloride reacts with a base same as ammonia, forming a complex compound known as chloride ion and Silver diammo ion.
The chemical reaction for the same can be given as follows:
AgCl + 2NH3 → [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl–



STRUCTURE OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
The solid adopts the structure of fcc NaCl, where every Ag+ ion is surrounded by an octahedron of 6 chloride ligands.
Similarly, AgBr and AGF crystallize.
However, crystallography depends on the crystallization condition, majorly in the free silver ion concentration.



PREPARATION OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride is given as unusual, where in that, unlike most of the chloride salts, it contains very low solubility.
Silver Chloride can be synthesized easily by the process of metathesis, which is combining an aqueous solution of silver nitrate (soluble) with a soluble chloride salt, like cobalt(II) chloride or sodium chloride.

The formed silver chloride will precipitate immediately.
In electrochemistry, the silver chloride electrode is described as a common reference electrode.
Silver chloride's low solubility makes it a useful addition to pottery glazes for the formation of "Inglaze lustre".



NATURAL OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
According to its chemical name, Silver Chloride is very corrosive to many metals located above silver in the electrochemical series.
Silver Chloride is also harmful to the environment.
When Silver Chloride comes into contact with the skin, eyes, or respiratory system, it produces irritation.
Silver Chloride is also light sensitive and is utilised in the development of photographic films.



STRUCTURE OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver Chloride has the fcc NaCl structure, with each Ag+ ion surrounded by an octahedron of six chloride ligands.
AgBr and AGF crystallise in the same way.
Crystallography, on the other hand, is influenced by crystallisation circumstances, especially the concentration of free silver ions.



PREPARATION OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride is unique in that, unlike most chloride salts, it is extremely insoluble.
Silver Chloride is easily produced through metathesis, which involves mixing a soluble aqueous solution of silver nitrate with a soluble chloride salt, such as sodium chloride or cobalt(II) chloride.

The silver chloride that produces will instantly precipitate.
AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3
2AgNO3 + CoCl2 → 2AgCl + Co(NO3)2



PROPERTIES OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver Chloride comes in the form of a white powder.
Silver Chloride has no odour.
The vapour pressure of Silver Chloride is 670/1Pa.
Silver Chloride’s not soluble in water.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
In the presence of sunlight, silver chloride decomposes to generate silver and chlorine.
The following is the chemical reaction.
2AgCl → 2Ag + Cl2

When silver chloride combines with a base, such as ammonia, it forms a complex molecule known as silver diamine ion and chloride ion.
AgCl + 2NH3 → [Ag(NH3)2]+ + Cl–



SEPARATE SILVER CHLORIDE FROM WATER:
As silver chloride is a white solid compound which is not soluble in water, the two can be easily separated through the filtration technique if the mixture is passed through a filter paper.
The white precipitate stuck on the filter paper as residue is silver chloride.

The filtrate collected in the beaker at the bottom of the filter paper is water.
This water can be distilled to achieve purity.

Distillation to purify water is a process that relies on evaporation and condensation.
Contaminated water is heated to form steam, whereas molecular compounds like silver chloride do not get evaporated and are left behind.
Then, the steam cools down to condense in the form of pure water droplets collected separately.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
Silver chloride is a white crystalline substance that is very slightly soluble in water.
Silver Chloride is a weak base and can used to form salts with acids.



STRUCTURE OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
The silver chloride structure composed of a silver atom surrounded by six chlorine atoms in a square.
The silver chloride molecule has a bent shape, with the silver atom at the center and the chlorine atoms at the corners.



PREPARATION OF SILVER CHLORIDE:
A solution of silver chloride can be prepared by dissolving silver metal in hydrochloric acid.



WHY IS SILVER CHLORIDE SOLUBLE IN AMMONIA AND SILVER IODIDE ID INSOLUBLE IN AMMONIA?
The difference in solubility between silver chloride and silver iodide in ammonia is due to the difference in the strength of the ammonia-silver chloride and ammonia-silver iodide bonds.
The ammonia-silver chloride bond is stronger than the ammonia-silver iodide bond, so silver chloride is more soluble in ammonia than silver iodide.



IS SILVER CHLORIDE INSOLUBLE IN WATER?
While Silver Chloride is soluble in water, it is not very soluble.
Silver Chloride has a solubility of about 2 grams per liter at room temperature.



SILVER CHLORIDE AS ELECTROLYTE:
Silver chloride is a good electrolyte because it is soluble in water and it doesn’t react with other substances in the battery.
Silver Chloride is also a good conductor of electricity, which means it can carry electrical current through the battery.

Get Silver Chloride from Sodium Chloride
The reaction between sodium chloride and silver nitrate yields silver chloride and also sodium nitrate.
2NaCl(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Separate Silver Chloride from Water
Silver chloride can separated from water by filtering the mixture through an activated charcoal filter.
The silver chloride will adsorbed to the activated charcoal while the water will flow through.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SILVER CHLORIDE:
Chemical formula: AgCl
Molar mass: 143.32 g·mol−1
Appearance: White Solid
Density: 5.56 g cm−3
Melting point: 455 °C (851 °F; 728 K)
Boiling point: 1,547 °C (2,817 °F; 1,820 K)
Solubility in water: 520 μg/100 g at 50 °C
Solubility product (Ksp): 1.77×10−10[1]
Solubility: soluble in NH3, conc. HCl, conc.
H2SO4, alkali cyanide, (NH4)2CO3, KBr, Na2S2O3;
insoluble in alcohol, dilute acids.
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −49.0·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 2.071
Molecular Weight: 143.32 g/mol

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 141.87394 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.87394 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 2
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
AgCl: Silver chloride
Density: 5.56 g/cm³
Molecular weight/ Molar mass: 143.32 g/mol

Boiling point: 1,547 °C
Melting point: 455 °C
Chemical formula: AgCl
Odour: No odour
Appearance: White powder
Complexity: 2
Vapour pressure: 670/1Pa
Covalently-bonded Unit: 1
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 455 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 1.554 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,00188 g/l at 25 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 912 °C
Density: 5,560 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CAS number: 7783-90-6
EC number: 232-033-3
Hill Formula: AgCl
Chemical formula: AgCl
Molar Mass: 143.32 g/mol
HS Code: 2843 29 00
Density: 5.560 g/cm3
Melting Point: 455 °C
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa (912 °C)
Solubilit: 0.00188 g/l
Melting point: 455 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 1550 °C

Density: 5.56
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 912 °C)
refractive index: 2.071
Flash point: 1550°C
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: 0.00188g/l
form: beads
color: Yellow
Specific Gravity: 5.56
Water Solubility: 1.93 mg/L (25 ºC)
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck: 14,8509
Solubility Product Constant (Ksp): pKsp: 9.75
Stability: Stable, but discolours in light.
InChIKey: HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M

CAS DataBase Reference: 7783-90-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: SILVER CHLORIDE
EWG's Food Scores: 2
FDA UNII: MWB0804EO7
NIST Chemistry Reference: Silver chloride(7783-90-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Silver chloride (7783-90-6)
Pesticides Freedom of Information Act (FOIA): Silver chloride
Compound Formula: ClAg
Molecular Weight: 143.32
Appearance: White Powder
Melting Point: 480° C (860° F)
Boiling Point: 1,547° C (2,817° F)
Density: 5.6 g/cm3
Solubility in H2O: 520 μg/100 g (50 °C)

Refractive Index: 2
Crystal Phase / Structure: Halite
Poisson's Ratio: 0.4
Specific Heat: 360 J/kg-K
Thermal Conductivity: 1.2 W/m-K
Thermal Expansion: 31 µm/m-K
Young's Modulus: 20 GPa
Exact Mass: 141.874 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 141.873947 Da
Chemical Formula: AgCl
Molar Mass: 143.32 g/mol
Appearance: white solid
Density: 5.5 g/cm3
Melting Point: 961 °C
Boiling Point: 1413 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of SILVER CHLORIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Rresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SILVER CHLORIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SILVER CHLORIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SILVER CHLORIDE:
-Control parameters
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters
-Exposure controls
--Personal protective equipment
*Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SILVER CHLORIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Handle and store under inert gas.
Light sensitive.
Moisture sensitive.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible,



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SILVER CHLORIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SILVER CHLORIDE ( Chlorure d'argent )
SILVER CITRATE N° CAS : 36701-38-9 Nom INCI : SILVER CITRATE Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables
SILVER CITRATE
cas no 7631-99-4 Soda Niter; Cubic Niter; Chile Saltpeter; Sodium(I) Nitrate; Nitrate of Soda; Nitrate de sodium (French); Nitric acid sodium salt; cas no 7631-99-4 Soda Niter; Cubic Niter; Chile Saltpeter; Sodium(I) Nitrate; Nitrate of Soda; Nitrate de sodium (French); Nitric acid sodium salt;
SILVER NANOPARTICLE
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver, i.e. silver particles of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
Silver nanoparticles are nanoscale-sized particles composed of silver atoms.
Silver nanoparticles, in particular, have attracted significant attention due to their distinct characteristics and potential applications.

CAS Number: 7440-22-4
Molecular Formula: Ag
Molecular Weight: 107.87
EINECS Number: 231-131-3

7440-22-4, 7761-88-8, Silver, Silver Paste DGP80 TESM8020, Silver atomic spectroscopy standard concentrate 1.00 g Ag, Silver nanoparticle ink, Silver nanowires, Silver nitrate concentrate, Silver nitrate solution, Silver standard solution, Silver, dispersion, Silverjet DGH-55HTG, Silverjet DGH-55LT-25C, Silverjet DGP-40LT-15C, Silverjet DGP-40TE-20C, SunTronic® Silver

The metal Silver nanoparticle is described as a white, lustrous solid.
In Silver nanoparticle is pure form it has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity and lowest contact resistance of all metals.
With the exception of gold, silver is the most malleable metal.

A common form of Silver nanoparticle that is used to treat infections is silver nitrate.
Recent advancement in technology has introduced silver nanoparticles into the medical field.
As studies of silver nanoparticles improve, several silver nanoparticles medical applications have been developed to help prevent the onset of infection and promote faster wound healing.

Silver nanoparticles are materials with dimensions typically in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers.
At this scale, materials often exhibit unique and enhanced properties compared to their bulk counterparts.

Silver nanoparticle is one of the basic elements present in the earth's crust.
Silver nanoparticle is rare, but occurs naturally in the environment as a soft, “silver”-colored metal or as a white powdery compound (silver nitrate).

Metallic Silver nanoparticle and silver alloys are used to make jewelry, eating utensils, electronic equipment, and dental fillings.
Silver nanoparticles of silver have been developed into meshes, bandages, and clothing as an antibacterial.
Silver nanoparticle is used in photographic materials, electric and electronic products, brazing alloys and solders, electroplated and sterling ware, as a catalyst, and in coinage.

Silver nanoparticle is alloyed with many other metals to improve strength and hardness and to achieve corrosion resistance.
Silver nanoparticles are one of the most commonly utilized nanomaterials due to their anti-microbial properties, high electrical conductivity, and optical properties.
Silver nanoparticles (colloidal silver) have unique optical, electronic, and antibacterial properties, and are widely used in areas such as biosensing, photonics, electronics, and antimicrobial applications.

Silver nanoparticles are made wholly or partly from metallic silver, exist in various shapes, and range 1–100 nm in diameter.
Their small size and ability to induce cell death through multiple mechanisms makes them fantastic pharmacological candidates.
Silver nanoparticle is one of the earliest known metals. Silver has no known physiologic or biologic function, though colloidal silver is widely sold in health food stores.

Silver nanoparticle has high thermal and electrical conductivity and resists oxidation in air that is devoid of hydrogen sulfide.
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
While frequently described as being 'silver' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms.

Numerous shapes of Silver nanoparticles can be constructed depending on the application at hand.
Commonly used silver nanoparticles are spherical, but diamond, octagonal, and thin sheets are also common.
Their extremely large surface area permits the coordination of a vast number of ligands.

The properties of silver nanoparticles applicable to human treatments are under investigation in laboratory and animal studies, assessing potential efficacy, biosafety, and biodistribution.
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver in the range of 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
While frequently described as being 'Silver nanoparticle' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface-to-bulk silver atoms.

Silver nanoparticle is widely used in many consumer products due to its unique optical, electrical, and thermal properties and extraordinarily efficient at absorbing and scattering light.
Silver nanoparticle has a face-centered cubic crystal structure.
Silver nanoparticle is a white metal, softer than copper and harder than gold.

When molten, Silver nanoparticle is luminescent and occludes oxygen, but the oxygen is released upon solidification.
As a conductor of heat and electricity, Silver nanoparticle is superior to all other metals.
Silver nanoparticle is soluble in HNO3 containing a trace of nitrate; soluble in hot 80% H2SO4; insoluble in HCl or acetic acid; tarnished by H2S, soluble sulfides and many sulfur-containing organic substances (e.g., proteins); not affected by air or H2O at ordinary temperatures, but at 200 C, a slight film of silver oxide is formed; not affected by alkalis, either in solution or fused.

There are two stable, naturally occurring isotopes, 107Ag and 109Ag.
In addition, there are reported to be 25 less stable isotopes, ranging in half-life from 5 seconds to 253 days.
Silver nanoparticle is a white lustrous metal that is extremely ductile and malleable.

Silver nanoparticle does not oxidize in O2 by heating.
Silver nanoparticle becomes Ag2O3 in O3 and black Ag2S3 in S2 and H2S.
Silver nanoparticle is soluble in HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4 . It is not soluble in alkali.

Nanoscience and nanotechnology have now become the topic research that many developed.
Silver nanoparticle materials are developed in many applications because of their unique optical characteristic
Silver nanoparticle is a noble metal, extensively used in SERS, photocatalysis and solar cells.

The surface of Silver nanoparticle can be functionalized to attain specific properties such as biocompatibility and vapor selectivity of sensors.
Iodized Silver nanoparticle foils and thin films find potential use as SERS-active metal substrates.
Cu substrates laminated with Ag foils, have compatible coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), to be used for electronic packaging.

Porous ZnO Silver nanoparticles deposited on silver foil with tunable hydrophobicity may be fabricated.
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
While frequently described as being 'silver' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms.

Numerous shapes of nanoparticles can be constructed depending on the application at hand.
Commonly used silver nanoparticles are spherical, but diamond, octagonal, and thin sheets are also common.
Their extremely large surface area permits the coordination of a vast number of ligands.

The properties of silver nanoparticles applicable to human treatments are under investigation in laboratory and animal studies, assessing potential efficacy, biosafety, and biodistribution.
Most applications in biosensing and detection exploit the optical properties of silver nanoparticles, as conferred by the localized surface plasmon resonance effect.
That is, a specific wavelength (frequency) of incident light can induce collective oscillation of the surface electrons of silver nanoparticles.

The particular wavelength of the localized surface plasmon resonance is dependant on the silver nanoparticle size, shape, and agglomeration state.
Silver nanoparticles are the most common commercialized nano technological product on the market.
Due to its unique antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles have been hailed as a breakthrough germ killing agent and have been incorporated into a number of consumer products such as clothing, kitchenware, toys and cosmetics.

Many consider silver to be more toxic than other metals when in nanoscale form and that these particles have a different toxicity mechanism compared to dissolved silver.
Silver nanoparticle can be synthesized using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent and PVP as a capping agent, in a polyol synthesis reaction (vide supra).
A typical synthesis using these reagents involves adding fresh Silver nanoparticle nitrate and PVP to a solution of ethylene glycol heated at 140 °C.

This procedure can actually be modified to produce another anisotropic silver nanostructure, nanowires, by just allowing the silver nitrate solution to age before using it in the synthesis.
By allowing the silver nitrate solution to age, the initial nanostructure formed during the synthesis is slightly different than that obtained with fresh silver nitrate, which influences the growth process, and therefore, the morphology of the final product.
Silver nanopaticles are widely incorporated into wound dressings, and are used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in medical applications and in consumer goods.

Silver nanoparticles have a high surface area per unit mass and release a continuous level of silver ions into their environment.
The silver ions are bioactive and have broad spectrum antimicrobial properties against a wide range of bacteria.
By controlling the size, shape, surface and agglomeration state of the nanoparticles, specific silver ion release profiles can be developed for a given application.

Silver nanoparticles typically have dimensions ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers.
The size and shape of these particles can influence their physical, chemical, and optical properties.
One of the notable features of silver nanoparticles is their strong antibacterial and antimicrobial activity.

This property has led to their incorporation into various products, such as wound dressings, textiles, and medical devices, to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
Silver nanoparticles exhibit catalytic activity, making them useful in certain chemical reactions and processes.
This property is of interest in fields such as catalysis and environmental remediation.

Silver nanoparticles display unique optical properties, including the ability to interact with light in ways that depend on their size and shape.
This has led to applications in sensors, imaging, and as components in optical devices.
Due to the conductive nature of silver, nanoparticles made from silver can exhibit enhanced electrical conductivity.

This property is advantageous in applications related to electronics and sensors.
The interaction of light with the electrons in silver nanoparticles leads to a phenomenon known as surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
This optical effect is widely exploited in sensing applications.

Silver nanoparticles have been investigated for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery systems, imaging agents, and as components in diagnostic tools.
Silver nanoparticles are used in the formulation of conductive inks and coatings for applications in printed electronics, flexible electronics, and RFID tags.
Silver nanoparticles have been explored for their potential in water treatment and purification due to their antimicrobial properties.

Silver nanoparticles are incorporated into textiles and fabrics to impart antimicrobial properties, making them useful for applications such as antibacterial clothing and wound dressings.
Incorporation of silver particles into plastics, composites, and adhesives increases the electrical conductivity of the material.
Silver pastes and epoxies are widely utilized in the electronics industries.

Silver nanoparticle based inks are used to print flexible electronics and have the advantage that the melting point of the small silver nanoparticles in the ink is reduced by hundreds of degrees compared to bulk silver.
When scintered, these silver nanoparticle based inks have excellent conductivity.
Silver nanoparticles have attract increasing attention for the wide range of applications in biomedicine.

Silver nanoparticles, generally smaller than 100 nm and contain 20–15,000 silver atoms, have distinct physical, chemical and biological properties compared to their bulk parent materials.
The optical, thermal, and catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by their size and shape.
Additionally, owning to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability, silver nanoparticles have also become the most widely used sterilizing nanomaterials in consuming and medical products, for instance, textiles, food storage bags, refrigerator surfaces, and personal care products.

Silver nanoparticles are those having diameters of nanometer size. With the advent of modern technology, humans can make nano-sized particles that were not present in nature.
Manufactured nanomaterials are materials with diameters of nanometer size, while nanotechnology is one of the fastest growing sectors of the hi-tech economy.
The application of nanotechnology has recently been extended to areas in medicine, biotechnology, materials and process development, energy and the environment.

Silver nanoparticle is the 66th most abundant element on the Earth, which means it is found at about0.05 ppm in the Earth’s crust.
Mining silver requires the movement of many tons of ore torecover small amounts of the metal.
Nevertheless, Silver nanoparticle is 10 times more abundant than gold and though silver is sometimes found as a free metal in nature, mostly it is mixed with theores of other metals.

When found pure, Silver nanoparticle is referred to as “native silver.”
Silver nanoparticle’s major ores areargentite (silver sulfide, Ag2S) and horn silver (silver chloride, AgCl).
However, most Silver nanoparticle isrecovered as a by-product of the refining of copper, lead, gold, and zinc ores.

Although Silver nanoparticle is mined in many countries, including the United States, Mexico, and Canada, most silver isrecovered from the electrolytic processing of copper ores.
Silver nanoparticle can also be recovered throughthe chemical treatment of a variety of ores.
Silver nanoparticles have unique optical properties because they support surface plasmons.

At specific wavelengths of light the surface plasmons are driven into resonance and strongly absorb or scatter incident light.
This effect is so strong that it allows for individual nanoparticles as small as 20 nm in diameter to be imaged using a conventional dark field microscope.
This strong coupling of metal nanostructures with light is the basis for the new field of plasmonics.

Applications of plasmonic silver nanoparticles include biomedical labels, sensors, and detectors.
Silver nanoparticle is also the basis for analysis techniques such as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Surface Enhanced Fluorescent Spectroscopy.
There are many ways silver nanoparticles can be synthesized; one method is through monosaccharides.

This includes glucose, fructose, maltose, maltodextrin, etc., but not sucrose.
Silver nanoparticle is also a simple method to reduce silver ions back to silver nanoparticles as it usually involves a one-step process.
There have been methods that indicated that these reducing sugars are essential to the formation of silver nanoparticles.

Many studies indicated that this method of green synthesis, specifically using Cacumen platycladi extract, enabled the reduction of silver.
Additionally, the size of the Silver nanoparticle could be controlled depending on the concentration of the extract.
The studies indicate that the higher concentrations correlated to an increased number of Silver nanoparticles.

Smaller Silver nanoparticles were formed at high pH levels due to the concentration of the monosaccharides.
Another method of silver nanoparticle synthesis includes the use of reducing sugars with alkali starch and silver nitrate.
The reducing sugars have free aldehyde and ketone groups, which enable them to be oxidized into gluconate.

The Silver nanoparticle must have a free ketone group because in order to act as a reducing agent it first undergoes tautomerization.
In addition, if the aldehydes are bound, Silver nanoparticle will be stuck in cyclic form and cannot act as a reducing agent.
For example, glucose has an aldehyde functional group that is able to reduce Silver nanoparticle cations to silver atoms and is then oxidized to gluconic acid.

The reaction for the sugars to be oxidized occurs in aqueous solutions.
The capping agent is also not present when heated.
Silver nanoparticles can become airborne easily due to their size and mass.

When inhaled, Silver nanoparticles can go deeper into the lungs reaching more sensitive areas.
The most common methods for Silver nanoparticle synthesis fall under the category of wet chemistry, or the nucleation of particles within a solution.
This nucleation occurs when a Silver nanoparticle ion complex, usually AgNO3 or AgClO4, is reduced to colloidal Ag in the presence of a reducing agent.

When the concentration increases enough, dissolved metallic Silver nanoparticle ions bind together to form a stable surface.
The surface is energetically unfavorable when the cluster is small, because the energy gained by decreasing the concentration of dissolved particles is not as high as the energy lost from creating a new surface.
When the cluster reaches a certain size, known as the critical radius, it becomes energetically favorable, and thus stable enough to continue to grow.

This nucleus then remains in the system and grows as more Silver nanoparticle atoms diffuse through the solution and attach to the surface.
When the dissolved concentration of atomic Silver nanoparticle decreases enough, it is no longer possible for enough atoms to bind together to form a stable nucleus.
At this nucleation threshold, new Silver nanoparticles stop being formed, and the remaining dissolved silver is absorbed by diffusion into the growing nanoparticles in the solution.

As the particles grow, other molecules in the solution diffuse and attach to the surface.
This process stabilizes the surface energy of the particle and blocks new Silver nanoparticle ions from reaching the surface.
The attachment of these capping/stabilizing agents slows and eventually stops the growth of the particle.

The most common capping ligands are trisodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), but many others are also used in varying conditions to synthesize particles with particular sizes, shapes, and surface properties.
There are many different wet synthesis methods, including the use of reducing sugars, citrate reduction, reduction via sodium borohydride, the Silver nanoparticle mirror reaction, the polyol process, seed-mediated growth, and light-mediated growth.
Each of these methods, or a combination of methods, will offer differing degrees of control over the size distribution as well as distributions of geometric arrangements of the nanoparticle.

A new, very promising wet-chemical technique was found by Elsupikhe et al. (2015).
They have developed a green ultrasonically-assisted synthesis.
Under ultrasound treatment, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are synthesized with κ-carrageenan as a natural stabilizer.

The reaction is performed at ambient temperature and produces silver nanoparticles with fcc crystal structure without impurities.
The concentration of κ-carrageenan is used to influence particle size distribution of the AgNPs.

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction occurs by the following reaction:
Ag+ + BH4− + 3 H2O → Ag0 +B(OH)3 +3.5 H2
The reduced metal atoms will form nanoparticle nuclei.

Overall, this process is similar to the above reduction method using citrate.
The benefit of using sodium borohydride is increased monodispersity of the final particle population.
The reason for the increased Silver nanoparticle when using NaBH4 is that it is a stronger reducing agent than citrate.

The impact of reducing agent strength can be seen by inspecting a LaMer diagram which describes the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles.
When Silver nanoparticle nitrate (AgNO3) is reduced by a weak reducing agent like citrate, the reduction rate is lower which means that new nuclei are forming and old nuclei are growing concurrently.
This is the reason that the citrate reaction has low monodispersity.

Because NaBH4 is a much stronger reducing agent, the concentration of silver nitrate is reduced rapidly which shortens the time during which new nuclei form and grow concurrently yielding a monodispersed population of silver nanoparticles.

Particles formed by reduction must have their surfaces stabilized to prevent undesirable particle agglomeration (when multiple particles bond together), growth, or coarsening.
The driving force for these phenomena is the minimization of surface energy (nanoparticles have a large surface to volume ratio).
This tendency to reduce surface energy in the system can be counteracted by adding species which will adsorb to the surface of the nanoparticles and lowers the activity of the particle surface thus preventing particle agglomeration according to the DLVO theory and preventing growth by occupying attachment sites for metal atoms.

Chemical species that adsorb to the surface of Silver nanoparticles are called ligands.
Some of these surface stabilizing species are: NaBH4 in large amounts, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and/or dodecanethiol.
Once the particles have been formed in solution they must be separated and collected.

There are several general methods to remove nanoparticles from solution, including evaporating the solvent phase or the addition of chemicals to the solution that lower the solubility of the nanoparticles in the solution.
Both methods force the precipitation of the Silver nanoparticles.
The polyol process is a particularly useful method because it yields a high degree of control over both the size and geometry of the resulting Silver nanoparticles.

In general, the polyol synthesis begins with the heating of a polyol compound such as ethylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, or 1,2-propylene glycol7.
An Ag+ species and a capping agent are added (although the polyol itself is also often the capping agent).
The Ag+ species is then reduced by the polyol to colloidal nanoparticles.

The polyol process is highly sensitive to reaction conditions such as temperature, chemical environment, and concentration of substrates.
Therefore, by changing these variables, various sizes and geometries can be selected for such as quasi-spheres, pyramids, spheres, and wires.
Further study has examined the mechanism for this process as well as resulting geometries under various reaction conditions in greater detail.

Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized in a variety of non-spherical (anisotropic) shapes.
Because Silver nanoparticle, like other noble metals, exhibits a size and shape dependent optical effect known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at the nanoscale, the ability to synthesize Ag nanoparticles in different shapes vastly increases the ability to tune their optical behavior.
For example, the wavelength at which LSPR occurs for a nanoparticle of one morphology (e.g. a sphere) will be different if that sphere is changed into a different shape.

This shape dependence allows a silver nanoparticle to experience optical enhancement at a range of different wavelengths, even by keeping the size relatively constant, just by changing its shape.
This aspect can be exploited in synthesis to promote change in shape of nanoparticles through light interaction.
The applications of this shape-exploited expansion of optical behavior range from developing more sensitive biosensors to increasing the longevity of textiles.

Silver nanoparticles have been shown to have synergistic antibacterial activity with commonly used antibiotics such as; penicillin G, ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin against E. coli and S. aureus.
Furthermore, synergistic antibacterial activity has been reported between silver nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide causing this combination to exert significantly enhanced bactericidal effect against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.
This antibacterial synergy between silver nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide can be possibly attributed to a Fenton-like reaction that generates highly reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals.

Silver nanoparticles can prevent bacteria from growing on or adhering to the surface.
This can be especially useful in surgical settings where all surfaces in contact with the patient must be sterile.
Silver nanoparticles can be incorporated on many types of surfaces including metals, plastic, and glass.

In medical equipment, it has been shown that Silver nanoparticles lower the bacterial count on devices used compared to old techniques.
However, the problem arises when the procedure is over and a new one must be done.
In the process of washing the instruments a large portion of the Silver nanoparticles become less effective due to the loss of silver ions.

They are more commonly used in skin grafts for burn victims as the Silver nanoparticles embedded with the graft provide better antimicrobial activity and result in significantly less scarring of the victim.
These new applications are direct decedents of older practices that used silver nitrate to treat conditions such as skin ulcers.
Now, silver nanoparticles are used in bandages and patches to help heal certain burns and wounds.

An alternative approach is to use AgNP to sterilise biological dressings (for example, tilapia fish skin) for burn and wound management.
In this method, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is dissolved in water by sonication and mixed with silver colloid particles.
Active stirring ensures the PVP has adsorbed to the nanoparticle surface.

Centrifuging separates the PVP coated nanoparticles which are then transferred to a solution of ethanol to be centrifuged further and placed in a solution of ammonia, ethanol and Si(OEt4) (TES).
Stirring for twelve hours results in the silica shell being formed consisting of a surrounding layer of silicon oxide with an ether linkage available to add functionality.
Varying the amount of TES allows for different thicknesses of shells formed.

This technique is popular due to the ability to add a variety of functionality to the exposed silica surface.
Silver nanoparticle have unique physical, chemical and optical properties that are being leveraged for a wide variety of applications.
A resurgence of interest in the utility of Silver nanoparticle as a broad based antimicrobial agent has led to the development of hundreds of products that incorporate silver nanoparticles to prevent bacterial growth on surfaces and in clothing.

The optical properties of silver nanoparticles are of interest due to the strong coupling of the silver nanoparticles to specific wavelengths of incident light.
This gives them a tunable optical response, and can be utilized to develop ultra-bright reporter molecules, highly efficient thermal absorbers, and nanoscale “antennas” that amplify the strength of the local electromagnetic field to detect changes to the nanoparticle environment.
Nanotechnology is a rapidly growing field of science, which is particularly interesting for researchers since the early 90s of the last century.

This area has become an integral part of modern technology.
Silver nanoparticle is said to be a “key technology of the 21st century”, which is the result of its interdisciplinary nature.
Silver nanoparticles are some of the most widely used nanomaterials in commerce, with numerous uses in consumer and medical products.

Workers who produce or use Silver nanoparticles are potentially exposed to those materials in the workplace.
Previous authoritative assessments of occupational exposure to silver did not account for particle size.
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) assessed potential health risk from occupational exposure to Silver nanoparticles by evaluating more than 100 studies of silver nanomaterials in animals or cells.

In studies that involved human cells, Silver nanoparticles were associated with toxicity (cell death and DNA damage) that varied according to the size of the particles.
In animals exposed to Silver nanoparticles by inhalation or other routes of exposure, silver tissue concentrations were elevated in all organs tested. Exposure to silver nanomaterials in animals was associated with decreased lung function, inflamed lung tissue, and histopathological (microscopic tissue) changes in the liver and kidney.
In the relatively few studies that compared the effects of exposure to nanoscale or microscale silver, nanoscale particles had greater uptake and toxicity than did microscale particles.

Silver nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes are synthesized through chemical, physical, and green methods.
Obtained nanoparticles are generally utilized in the medical industry, catalytic applications, sensors, and special displays.
Silver nanoparticles have been an important component of various different applications for a very long time.

Silver nanoparticles are explored for their potential use in food packaging materials due to their antimicrobial properties.
They may help extend the shelf life of packaged foods by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Silver nanoparticles are utilized in the fabrication of solar cells and other photovoltaic devices.

They can enhance light absorption and electron transport within the devices, contributing to improved efficiency.
In the field of medicine, silver nanoparticles are being investigated for their use in photothermal therapy.
When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they can generate heat, which may be utilized for targeted treatment of cancer cells.

Some studies suggest that silver nanoparticles may exhibit antiviral properties, making them a subject of interest in the development of antiviral drugs or materials.
Silver nanoparticles can be incorporated into textile coatings to provide UV protection.
This is particularly useful in outdoor clothing and fabrics to shield against harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Silver nanoparticles are employed in the production of conductive inks for printed electronics and flexible displays.
Their conductivity and compatibility with flexible substrates make them valuable in these applications.
Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles are explored for use in air and water purification systems.

They can help eliminate or reduce the presence of harmful microorganisms.
Silver nanoparticles are incorporated into sensors for various applications, including gas sensors, biosensors, and environmental sensors.
Their unique optical and electrical properties make them suitable for sensing platforms.

Silver nanoparticles may be included in certain cosmetic and personal care products for their potential antibacterial and preservative properties.
In the medical field, efforts are made to develop biocompatible silver nanoparticles for applications such as drug delivery and imaging.
These nanoparticles aim to interact safely with biological systems.

Silver nanoparticles are used in the formulation of conductive inks for printed radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags.
This application is relevant in the field of logistics and inventory tracking.

Melting point: 960 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 2212 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.135 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: 5.8 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.05 ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.333
Flash point: 232 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: soluble
form: wool
color: Yellow
Specific Gravity: 10.49
Odor: Odorless
Resistivity: 1-3 * 10^-5 Ω-cm (conductive paste) &_& 1.59 μΩ-cm, 20°C
Water Solubility: insoluble
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
Merck: 13,8577

Silver nanoparticle is located in group 11 (IB) of period 5, between copper (Cu) above it in period 4 andgold (Au) below it in period 6.
Thus, silver’s chemical and physical properties are somewhatsimilar to these two group 11 partners.Silver is a soft, while, lustrous metal that can be worked by pounding, drawing througha die, rolling, and so forth.
Silver nanoparticle is only slightly harder than gold. It is insoluble in water, but it will dissolve in hot concentrated acids.

Freshly exposed silver has a mirror-like shine thatslowly darkens as a thin coat of tarnish forms on its surface (from the small amount ofnatural hydrogen sulfide in the air to form silver sulfide, AgS).
Of all the metals, Silver nanoparticle isthe best conductor of heat and electricity.
This property determines much of its commercialusefulness.

Silver nanoparticle is melting point is 961.93°C, its boiling point is 2,212°C, and its density is10.50 g/cm3.
The beneficial effects of silver nanoparticles are also manifested in their action against inflammation and suppression of tumor growth.
Silver nanoparticles can induce apoptosis, or programmed cell death, in tumor cells.

The activity of silver nanoparticles in the human body can be used for imaging of living cells and tissues, both in diagnosis and research.
Silver nanoparticles are also used in biosensors, can detect tumor cells, and have potential in phototherapy, where they absorb radiation, heat up and selectively eliminate selected cells.
Silver nanoparticles are highly commercial due to properties such as good conductivity, chemical stability, catalytic activity, and their antimicrobial activity.

Due to their properties, they are commonly used in medical and electrical applications.
Silver nanoparticles optical properties are also dependent on the nanoparticle size.
Smaller nanospheres absorb light and have peaks near to 400 nm, and larger nanoparticles have increased scattering to gives peaks that broaden and shift towards longer wavelengths.

Larger shifts into the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum are achieved by changing the nanoparticles shape to rods or plates.
Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized by a variety of different techniques that are chemical, physical or biological.
The most common method for making colloidal gold is by a chemical citrate reduction method, but gold nanoparticles can also be grown by being encapsulated and immersed in polyethylene glycol dendrimers before being reduced by formaldehyde under near infra-red treatment.

Silver nanoparticles can also be produced via γ-irradiation using polysaccharide alginate as stabilizer, and photochemical reduction.
A relatively new biological method can be used to make gold Silver nanoparticles by dissolving gold in sodium chloride solution, using natural chitosan without any stabilizer and reductant.
Silver nanoparticle’s modern chemical symbol (Ag) is derived from its Latin word argentum, which means silver.

The word “silver” is from the Anglo-Saxon world “siolfor.”
Ancients who first refined and worked with Silver nanoparticle used the symbol of a crescent moon to represent the metal.
Silver nanoparticles can undergo coating techniques that offer a uniform functionalized surface to which substrates can be added.

When the Silver nanoparticle is coated, for example, in silica the surface exists as silicic acid.
Silver nanoparticles can thus be added through stable ether and ester linkages that are not degraded immediately by natural metabolic enzymes.
Recent chemotherapeutic applications have designed anti cancer drugs with a photo cleavable linker, such as an ortho-nitrobenzyl bridge, attaching it to the substrate on the nanoparticle surface.

The low toxicity Silver nanoparticle complex can remain viable under metabolic attack for the time necessary to be distributed throughout the bodies systems.
If a cancerous tumor is being targeted for treatment, ultraviolet light can be introduced over the tumor region.
The electromagnetic energy of the light causes the photo responsive linker to break between the drug and the nanoparticle substrate.

The drug is now cleaved and released in an unaltered active form to act on the cancerous tumor cells.
Advantages anticipated for this method is that the drug is transported without highly toxic compounds, the drug is released without harmful radiation or relying on a specific chemical reaction to occur and the drug can be selectively released at a target tissue.
Silver nanoparticle is somewhat rare and is considered a commercially precious metal with many uses.

Pure Silver nanoparticle is too soft and usually too expensive for many commercial uses, and thus it isalloyed with other metals, usually copper, making it not only stronger but also less expensive.
The purity of Silver nanoparticle is expressed in the term “fitness,” which describes the amount of silverin the item.
Fitness is just a multiple of 10 times the Silver nanoparticle content in an item.

For instance,sterling Silver nanoparticle should be 93% (or at least 92.5%) pure silver and 7% copper or some othermetal.
The fitness rating for pure Silver nanoparticle is 1000.
Therefore, the rating for sterling Silver nanoparticle is 930,and most sliver jewelry is rated at about 800.

This is another way of saying that most Silver nanoparticle jewelry is about 20% copper or other less valuable metal.
Many people are fooled when they buy Mexican or German silver jewelry, thinking theyare purchasing a semiprecious metal.
These forms of “Silver nanoparticle” jewelry go under many names,including Mexican silver, German silver, Afghan silver, Austrian silver, Brazilian silver, Nevadasilver, Sonara silver, Tyrol silver, Venetian silver, or just the name “silver” with quotes aroundit.

None of these jewelry items, under these names or under any other names, contain anysilver.
These metals are alloys of copper, nickel, and zinc.
A transition metal that occurs native and as the sulfide (Ag2S) and chloride (AgCl).

Silver nanoparticle is extracted as a by-product in refining copper and lead ores.
Silver nanoparticle darkens in air due to the formation of silver sulfide.
Silver nanoparticle is used in coinage alloys, tableware, and jewelry.

Silver nanoparticle compounds are used in photography symbol: Ag; m.p. 961.93°C; b.p. 2212°C; r.d. 10.5 (20°C); p.n. 47; r.a.m. 107.8682.
Synthetic protocols for silver nanoparticle production can be modified to produce silver nanoparticles with non-spherical geometries and also to functionalize nanoparticles with different materials, such as silica.
Creating silver nanoparticles of different shapes and surface coatings allows for greater control over their size-specific properties.

There are instances in which silver nanoparticles and colloidal silver are used in consumer goods.
Samsung for example claimed that the use of silver nanoparticles in washing machines would help to sterilize clothes and water during the washing and rinsing functions, and allow clothes to be cleaned without the need for hot water.
The nanoparticles in these appliances are synthesized using electrolysis.

Through electrolysis, Silver nanoparticle is extracted from metal plates and then turned into silver nanoparticles by a reduction agent.
This method avoids the drying, cleaning, and re-dispersion processes, which are generally required with alternative colloidal synthesis methods.
Importantly, the electrolysis strategy also decreases the production cost of Ag nanoparticles, making these washing machines more affordable to manufacture.

Silver nanoparticles can be very effective against fungal infections that are otherwise difficult to treat.
This is of great importance for patients with weakened immunity who are especially vulnerable to fungi.
These Silver nanoparticles not only suppress pathogenic fungi, including yeasts, but also fungi that grow in households, such as various mold species.

Silver nanoparticle reacts violently with chlorine trifluoride (in the presence of carbon) [Mellor 2 Supp. 1 1956].
Bromoazide explodes on contact with Silver foil.
Acetylene forms an insoluble acetylide with Silver [Von Schwartz 1918 p. 142 ].

When Silver nanoparticle is treated with nitric acid in the presence of ethyl alcohol, Silver fulminate, which can detonated may be formed.
Ethyleneimine forms explosive compounds with Silver nanoparticle, hence Silver solder should not be used to fabricate equipment for handling ethyleneimine.
Finely divided Silver and strong solutions of hydrogen peroxide may explode [Mellor 1:936 1946-47)].

Incompatible with oxalic acid and tartaric acid [Nav Aer. 09-01-505 1956].
Silver nanoparticle can form explosive salts with azidrine. ("Ethyleneimine" Brocure 125-521-65, Midland (Mich.), Dow Chemical Co., 1965).
Ammonia forms explosive compounds with gold, mercury, or Silver. (Eggeman, Tim. "Ammonia" Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2001.).

Acetylene and ammonia can form explosive Silver salts in contact with Ag.
Dust may form explosive mixture with air.
Powders are incompatible with strong oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.

Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides May react and/or form dangerous or explosive compounds, with acetylene, ammonia, halogens, hydrogen peroxide; bromoazide, concentrated or strong acids, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, chlorine trifluoride, ethyleneimine.
Factors contributing toward silver nanoparticles market growth include rise in demand for silver nanoparticles for anti-microbial applications and increase in demand from electronics sector.
In addition, increased demand from pharmaceutical industry as it is used in the field of biomarkers, biosensors, implant technology, tissue engineering, nanorobots & nanomedicine, and image enhancement devices.

The bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles is due to the silver cations, which have the potential to disrupt physiological activity of microbes such as bacteria. Growth in concerns regarding environmental impact and toxicity of silver nanoparticles is hindering the silver nanoparticles market.
Furthermore, high Silver nanoparticle product prices are likely to hinder market growth during the forecast period.
On the contrary, rise in trend of biological synthesis method is expected to create lucrative opportunities for the market during the forecast period.

Silver nanoparticles are investigated for their potential role in drug delivery systems.
They can be designed to carry therapeutic agents and release them in a controlled manner, offering targeted drug delivery.
Silver nanoparticles can exhibit photocatalytic activity, which means they can accelerate chemical reactions under light exposure.

This property is explored in applications like environmental remediation and water treatment.
In the field of electronics, silver nanoparticles are used to create flexible and transparent conductive films.
These films have applications in flexible electronics, touch screens, and electronic displays.

Silver nanoparticles are integrated into textiles to impart anti-odor properties by inhibiting the growth of odor-causing bacteria.
This application is common in sportswear and undergarments.
Silver nanoparticles are incorporated into various nanocomposite materials to enhance their mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties.

These nanocomposites find applications in materials science and engineering.
Some studies explore the use of silver nanoparticles as contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for medical diagnostics.
Their unique properties can contribute to improved imaging quality.

Silver nanoparticles are investigated in the field of tissue engineering for their potential to support cell growth and enhance the properties of scaffolds used in regenerative medicine.
In marine applications, silver nanoparticles are used in anti-fouling coatings on ship hulls.
They help prevent the accumulation of marine organisms, reducing drag and improving fuel efficiency.

Silver nanoparticles are explored for their potential use in pesticide formulations.
Their antimicrobial properties could be leveraged for crop protection and pest control.
Silver nanoparticles are employed in the development of electrochemical sensors for detecting various analytes.

These sensors find applications in fields such as environmental monitoring and healthcare.
Silver nanoparticles can be utilized in the fabrication of sensors for detecting hydrogen peroxide.
This application is relevant in fields such as clinical diagnostics and industrial processes.

Silver nanoparticles are studied for their potential application in energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, where their unique properties can influence performance.
An early, and very common, method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles is citrate reduction.
This method was first recorded by M. C. Lea, who successfully produced a citrate-stabilized silver colloid in 1889.

Citrate reduction involves the reduction of a silver source particle, usually AgNO3 or AgClO4, to colloidal silver using trisodium citrate, Na3C6H5O7.
The synthesis is usually performed at an elevated temperature (~100 °C) to maximize the monodispersity (uniformity in both size and shape) of the particle.
In this method, the citrate ion traditionally acts as both the reducing agent and the capping ligand, making it a useful process for AgNP production due to its relative ease and short reaction time.

However, the silver particles formed may exhibit broad size distributions and form several different particle geometries simultaneously.
The addition of stronger reducing agents to the reaction is often used to synthesize particles of a more uniform size and shape.
Silver nanoparticle mirror reaction involves the conversion of Silver nanoparticle nitrate to Ag(NH3)OH.

Ag(NH3)OH is subsequently reduced into colloidal silver using an aldehyde containing molecule such as a sugar.
The silver mirror reaction is as follows:
2(Ag(NH3)2)+ + RCHO + 2OH− → RCOOH + 2Ag + 4NH3.

The size and shape of the Silver nanoparticles produced are difficult to control and often have wide distributions.
However, this method is often used to apply thin coatings of Silver nanoparticle particles onto surfaces and further study into producing more uniformly sized nanoparticles is being done.
The biological synthesis of Silver nanoparticles has provided a means for improved techniques compared to the traditional methods that call for the use of harmful reducing agents like sodium borohydride.

Many of these methods could improve their environmental footprint by replacing these relatively strong reducing agents.
The commonly used biological methods are using plant or fruit extracts, fungi, and even animal parts like insect wing extract.
The problems with the chemical production of Silver nanoparticles is usually involves high cost and the longevity of the particles is short lived due to aggregation.

The harshness of standard chemical methods has sparked the use of using biological organisms to reduce silver ions in solution into colloidal Silver nanoparticles.
Silver nanoparticles can provide a means to overcome MDR.
In general, when using a targeting agent to deliver nanocarriers to cancer cells, it is imperative that the agent binds with high selectivity to molecules that are uniquely expressed on the cell surface.

Hence NPs can be designed with proteins that specifically detect drug resistant cells with overexpressed transporter proteins on their surface.
Silver nanoparticle a pitfall of the commonly used nano-drug delivery systems is that free drugs that are released from the nanocarriers into the cytosol get exposed to the MDR transporters once again, and are exported.
To solve this, 8 nm Silver nanoparticles were modified by the addition of trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT), derived from the HIV-1 virus, which acts as a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP).

Generally, AgNP effectiveness is limited due to the lack of efficient cellular uptake; however, CPP-modification has become one of the most efficient methods for improving intracellular delivery of Silver nanoparticles.
Once ingested, the export of the AgNP is prevented based on a size exclusion.

The concept is simple: the nanoparticles are too large to be effluxed by the MDR transporters, because the efflux function is strictly subjected to the size of its substrates, which is generally limited to a range of 300-2000 Da.
Thereby the Silver nanoparticles remain insusceptible to the efflux, providing a means to accumulate in high concentrations.

History:
Slag dumps in Asia Minor and on islands in the Aegean Sea indicate that man learned to separate Silver nanoparticle from lead as early as 3000 B.C.
Silver nanoparticle occurs native and in ores such as argentite (Ag2S) and horn silver (AgCl); lead, lead-zinc, copper, gold, and copper-nickel ores are principal sources.
Mexico, Canada, Peru, and the U.S. are the principal Silver nanoparticle producers in the western hemisphere.

Silver nanoparticle is also recovered during electrolytic refining of copper.
Commercial fine silver contains at least 99.9% silver.
Purities of 99.999+% are available commercially.

Pure silver has a brilliant white metallic luster.
Silver nanoparticle is a little harder than gold and is very ductile and malleable, being exceeded only by gold and perhaps palladium.
Pure Silver nanoparticle has the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of all metals, and possesses the lowest contact resistance.

Silver nanoparticle is stable in pure air and water, but tarnishes when exposed to ozone, hydrogen sulfide, or air containing sulfur.
The alloys of Silver nanoparticle are important.
Sterling Silver nanoparticle is used for jewelry, silverware, etc. where appearance is paramount.

This alloy contains 92.5% silver, the remainder being copper or some other metal.
Silver nanoparticle is of utmost importance in photography, about 30% of the U.S. industrial consumption going into this application.
Silver nanoparticle is used for dental alloys.

Silver nanoparticle is used in making solder and brazing alloys, electrical contacts, and high capacity silver–zinc and silver–cadmium batteries.
Silver nanoparticle paints are used for making printed circuits.
Silver nanoparticle is used in mirror production and may be deposited on glass or metals by chemical deposition, electrodeposition, or by evaporation.

When freshly deposited, Silver nanoparticle is the best reflector of visible light known, but is rapidly tarnishes and loses much of its reflectance.
Silver nanoparticle is a poor reflector of ultraviolet.
Silver nanoparticle fulminate (Ag2C2N2O2), a powerful explosive, is sometimes formed during the silvering process.

Silver nanoparticle iodide is used in seeding clouds to produce rain.
Silver nanoparticle chloride has interesting optical properties as it can be made transparent; it also is a cement for glass.
Silver nanoparticle nitrate, or lunar caustic, the most important silver compound, is used extensively in photography.

While Silver nanoparticle itself is not considered to be toxic, most of its salts are poisonous. Natural silver contains two stable isotopes.
Fifty-six other radioactive isotopes and isomers are known.
Silver nanoparticle compounds can be absorbed in the circulatory system and reduced silver deposited in the various tissues of the body.

A condition, known as argyria, results with a greyish pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes.
Silver nanoparticle has germicidal effects and kills many lower organisms effectively without harm to higher animals.
Silver nanoparticle for centuries has been used traditionally for coinage by many countries of the world.

In recent times, however, consumption of Silver nanoparticle has at times greatly exceeded the output.
In 1939, the price of silver was fixed by the U.S. Treasury at 71¢/troy oz., and at 90.5¢/troy oz. in 1946.
In November 1961 the U.S. Treasury suspended sales of nonmonetized Silver nanoparticle, and the price stabilized for a time at about $1.29, the melt-down value of silver U.S. coins.

The Coinage Act of 1965 authorized a change in the metallic composition of the three U.S. subsidiary denominations to clad or composite type coins.
This was the first change in U.S. coinage since the monetary system was established in 1792.
Clad dimes and quarters are made of an outer layer of 75% Cu and 25% Ni bonded to a central core of pure Cu.

The composition of the oneand five-cent pieces remains unchanged. One-cent coins are 95% Cu and 5% Zn.
Earlier subsidiary coins of 90% Ag and 10% Cu officially were to circulate alongside the clad coins; however, in practice they have largely disappeared (Gresham’s Law), as the value of the silver is now greater than their exchange value.
Silver nanoparticle coins of other countries have largely been replaced with coins made of other metals. On June 24, 1968, the U.S. Government ceased to redeem U.S. Silver Certificates with silver.

The price of Silver nanoparticle in 2001 was only about four times the cost of the metal about 150 years ago.
This has largely been caused by Central Banks disposing of some of their silver reserves and the development of more productive mines with better refining methods.
Also, Silver nanoparticle has been displaced by other metals or processes, such as digital photography.

Production Methods:
Many processes are known for recovery of Silver nanoparticle from its ores.
These depend mostly on the nature of the mineral, its silver content, and recovery of other metals present in the ore.
Silver nanoparticle is usually extracted from high-grade ores by three common processes that have been known for many years.

These are amalgamation, leaching, and cyanidation.
In one amalgamation process, ore is crushed and mixed with sodium chloride, copper sulfate, sulfuric acid, and mercury, and roasted in cast iron pots.
The amalgam is separated and washed. Silver is separated from its amalgam by distillation of mercury.

In the cyanidation process the ore is crushed and roasted with sodium chloride and then treated with a solution of sodium cyanide.
Silver nanoparticle forms a stable Silver nanoparticle cyanide complex, [Ag(CN)2]–.
Adding metallic zinc to this complex solution precipitates Silver nanoparticle.

One such process, known as the Patera process, developed in the mid 19th century, involves roasting ore with sodium chloride followed by leaching with sodium thiosulfate solution.
Silver nanoparticle 834 SILVERis precipitated as silver sulfide, Ag2S, by adding sodium sulfide to the leachate.
In the Clandot process, leaching is done with ferric chloride solution.

Addition of zinc iodide precipitates Silver nanoparticle iodide, AgI.
AgI is reduced with zinc to obtain Silver nanoparticle.
The above processes are applied for extraction of Silver nanoparticle from high-grade ores.

However, with depletion of these ores, many processes were developed subsequently to extract Silver nanoparticle from low-grade ores, especially lead, copper, and zinc ores that contain very small quantities of silver.
Low grade ores are concentrated by floatation.
The concentrates are fed into smelters (copper, lead, and zinc smelters).

The concentrates are subjected to various treatments before and after smelting including sintering, calcination, and leaching.
Copper concentrates are calcined for removal of sulfur and smelted in a reverberatory furnace to convert into blister copper containing 99 wt% Cu.
The blister copper is fire-refined and cast into anodes.

The anodes are electrolytically refined in the presence of cathodes containing 99.9% copper.
Insoluble anode sludges from electrolytic refining contain silver, gold, and platinum metals.
Silver nanoparticle is recovered from the mud by treatment with sulfuric acid.

Base metals dissolve in sulfuric acid leaving Silver nanoparticle mixed with any gold present in the mud.
Silver nanoparticle is separated from gold by electrolysis.
Lead and zinc concentrates can be treated in more or less the same manner as copper concentrates.

Sintering lead concentrates removes sulfur and following that smelting with coke and flux in a blast furnace forms impure lead bullion.
The lead bullion is drossed with air and sulfur and softened with molten bullion in the presence of air to remove most impurities other than Silver nanoparticle and gold.
Copper is recovered from the dross and zinc converts to its oxide and is recovered from blast furnace slag.

The softened lead obtained above also contains some Silver nanoparticle.
The Silver nanoparticle is recovered by the Parkes Process.
The Parkes process involves adding zinc to molten lead to dissolve Silver nanoparticle at temperatures above the melting point of zinc.

On cooling, zinc-silver alloy solidifies, separating from the lead and rising to the top.
The alloy is lifted off and zinc is separated from silver by distillation leaving behind metallic Silver nanoparticle.
The unsoftened lead obtained after the softening operation contains Silver nanoparticle in small but significant quantities.

Such unsoftened lead is cast into anode and subjected to electrolytic refining.
The anode mud that is formed adhering to these anodes is removed by scraping.
Silver nanoparticle contains bismuth, silver, gold, and other impurity metals.

Silver nanoparticle is obtained from this anode mud by methods similar to the extraction of anode mud from the copper refining process discussed earlier.
If the low–grade ore is a zinc mineral, then zinc concentrate obtained from the flotation process is calcined and leached with water to remove zinc.

Silver nanoparticle and lead are left in leach residues.
Residues are treated like lead concentrates and fed into lead smelters.
Silver nanoparticle is recovered from this lead concentrate by various processes described above.

Uses:
Silver nanoparticle and its alloys and compounds have numerous applications.
As a precious metal, Silver nanoparticle is used in jewelry.
Also, one of its alloys, sterling Silver nanoparticle, containing 92.5 weight % silver and 7.5 weight % copper, is a jewelry item and is used in tableware and decorative pieces.

The metal and its copper alloys are used in coins.
Silver nanoparticle-copper brazing alloys and solders have many applications.
They are used in automotive radiators, heat exchangers, electrical contacts, steam tubes, coins, and musical instruments.

Some other uses of Silver nanoparticle metal include its applications as electrodes, catalysts, mirrors, and dental amalgam.
Silver nanoparticle is used as a catalyst in oxidation-reductions involving conversions of alcohol to aldehydes, ethylene to ethylene oxide, and ethylene glycol to glyoxal.
Silver nanoparticle has a multitude of uses and practical applications both in its elemental metallic formand as a part of its many compounds.

Silver nanoparticle is excellent electrical conductivity makes it ideal for usein electronic products, such a computer components and high-quality electronic equipment.
Silver nanoparticle would be an ideal metal for forming the wiring in homes and transmission lines, if it weremore abundant and less expensive.
Metallic Silver nanoparticle has been used for centuries as a coinage metal in many countries.

Theamount of silver now used to make coins in the United States has been reduced drastically byalloying other metals such as copper, zinc, and nickel with Silver nanoparticle.
Silver nanoparticle is used as a catalyst to speed up chemical reactions, in water purification, and inspecial high-performance batteries (cells).
Silver nanoparticle is high reflectivity makes it ideal as a reflectivecoating for mirrors.

Several of its compounds were not only useful but even essential for the predigital photographicindustry.
Several of the Silver nanoparticle salts, such as silver nitrate, silver bromide, and silverchloride, are sensitive to light and, thus, when mixed with a gel-type coating on photographicfilm or paper, can be used to form light images.
Most of the Silver nanoparticle used in the United Statesis used in photography.

Photochromic (transition) eyeglasses that darken as they are exposed to sunlight have asmall amount of silver chloride imbedded in the glass that forms a thin layer of metallic silverthat darkens the lens when struck by sunlight.
This photosensitive chemical activity is thenreversed when the eyeglasses are removed from the light.
Silver nanoparticle reversal results from asmall amount of copper ions placed in the glass.

This reaction is repeated each time the lensesare exposed to sunlight.
This malleable white metal is found as argentite (Ag2S) and horn silver (AgCl) or in lead and copper ore.
Silver nanoparticles coated with a thin layer of elemental silver and fumed with iodine were used by Niépce and Daguerre.

Aside from the heliograph and physautotype, Silver nanoparticle halide compounds were the basis of all photographic processes used in the camera and most of the printing processes during the 19th century.
Silver nanoparticle is a precious metal, used in jewelryand ornaments Other applications includeits use in photography, electroplating, dentalalloys, high-capacity batteries, printed circuits,coins, and mirrors.
Silver nanoparticle is stable in air, and it is utilized in reflecting mirrors.

The film vacuum evaporated on a quartz plate with the thickness of 2–55 nm shows the transmittance maximum at λ: 321.5 nm and works as a narrow band filter.
The name Silver nanoparticle is derived from the Saxon word ‘siloflur’, which has been subsequently transformed into the German word ‘Silabar’ followed by ‘Silber’ and the English word ‘silver’.
Romans called the element ‘argentum’, and this is where the symbol Ag derives from.

Silver nanoparticle is widely distributed in nature.
Silver nanoparticle can be found in its native form and in various ores such as argentite (Ag2S), which is the most important ore mineral for silver, and horn silver (AgCl).
The principal sources of silver are copper, copper–nickel, gold, lead and lead–zinc ores, which can be mainly found in Peru, Mexico, China and Australia.

Silver nanoparticle has no known active biological role in the human body, and the levels of Ag+ within the body are below detection limits.
The metal has been used for thousands of years mainly as ornamental metal or for coins.
Furthermore, Silver nanoparticle has been used for medicinal purposes since 1000 BC.

Silver nanoparticle was known that water would keep fresh if it was kept in a silver pitcher; for example, Alexander the Great (356–323 BC) used to transport his water supplies in Silver nanoparticle pitchers during the Persian War.
A piece of Silver nanoparticle was also used, for example, to keep milk fresh, before any household refrigeration was developed.
In 1869, Ravelin proved that Silver nanoparticle in low doses acts as an antimicrobial.

Around the same time, the Swiss botanist showed that already at very low concentration Ag+ can kill the green algae spirogyra in fresh water.
This work inspired the gynaecologist Crede to recommended use of AgNO3 drops on new born children with conjunctivitis.
Using silver nanoparticles for catalysis has been gaining attention in recent years.

Although the most common applications are for medicinal or antibacterial purposes, silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated to show catalytic redox properties for dyes, benzene, and carbon monoxide.
Other untested compounds may use silver nanoparticles for catalysis, but the field is not fully explored.
Silver nanoparticles supported on aerogel are advantageous due to the higher number of active sites.

The highest selectivity for oxidation of benzene to phenol was observed at low weight percent of silver in the aerogel matrix (1% Ag).
This better selectivity is believed to be a result of the higher monodispersity within the aerogel matrix of the 1% Ag sample.
Each weight percent solution formed different sized particles with a different width of size range.

Silver nanoparticle are one of the most fascinating, promising and widely used nano materials, particularly for their interesting antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal effects.
However, their potential uses are much wider.
Silver nanoparticles are used in antibacterial products, industrial production, catalysis, household products and consumer goods.

Silver nanoparticles are commonly used in biomedical and medical applications due to their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects.
Due to their favorable surface-to-volume ratio and crystal structure, nano silver particles are a promising alternative to antibiotics.
They can penetrate bacterial walls and effectively deal with bacterial biofilms and mucous coatings, which are usually well-protected environments for bacteria.

Silver nanoparticle are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials because of their high electrical conductivity, optical properties, and anti-microbial properties.
The biological activity of silver nanoparticles depends on factors such as particle composition, size distribution, surface chemistry, size; shape, coating/capping, particle morphology, dissolution rate, agglomeration, efficiency of ion release, and particle reactivity in solution.
Silver nanoparticles have found a wide range of applications including their use as catalysts, as optical sensors of zeptomole (10−21) concentrations, in textile engineering, in electronics, in optics, as anti-reflection coatings, and most importantly in the medical field as a bactericidal and therapeutic agent.

Silver nanoparticle is used in the formulation of dental resin composites, in coatings of medical devices, as a bactericidal coating in water filters, as an antimicrobial agent in air sanitizer sprays, pillows, respirators, socks, keyboards, detergents, soaps, shampoos, toothpastes, washing machines and many other consumer products, in bone cement and in many wound dressings.
Silver nanoparticles are also commonly used in colloidal solutions to enhance Raman spectroscopy.
The size and shape of nanoparticles have been shown to affect the enhancement.

Silver nanoparticles are the most common shape of nanoparticles, but other shapes such as nanostars, nanocubes, nanorods and nanowires can be produced through a polymer-mediated polyol process.
Silver nanoparticles can also be capped or hollowed using various chemical methods. For a more accurate spread for detection, nanoparticles can be deposited or spin-coated onto multiple surfaces.
Coating is metallic silver and its salts are popularly used in medicinal purposes and in medical devices.

The larger surface area to volume ratio and greater reactivity of Silver nanoparticle are prominently used in modern biomedical applications and drug delivery.
Silver nanoparticles are widely recognized for their strong antimicrobial properties.
They are incorporated into products such as wound dressings, bandages, and medical devices to prevent bacterial and microbial growth.

In medical diagnostics, silver nanoparticles are explored for their use as contrast agents in imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Their unique properties contribute to enhanced imaging quality.
Silver nanoparticles are investigated for drug delivery applications.

They can be designed to carry therapeutic agents and release them in a controlled manner, offering targeted drug delivery.
Silver nanoparticles are integrated into textiles and clothing to provide antimicrobial and anti-odor properties.
This application is common in sportswear, undergarments, and fabrics used in healthcare settings.

Silver nanoparticles are used in a variety of consumer products, including socks, kitchenware, and appliances, to impart antimicrobial properties and reduce the growth of bacteria that cause odors.
Silver nanoparticles are employed in water treatment technologies to eliminate or reduce the presence of harmful microorganisms.
They can be part of filters, coatings, or solutions used for purifying water.

Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles are explored for use in food packaging materials.
They can help extend the shelf life of packaged foods by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms.
Silver nanoparticles are used in the electronics industry to create conductive inks for printed electronics, flexible displays, and sensors.

Their electrical conductivity and compatibility with flexible substrates make them valuable in these applications.
Silver nanoparticles exhibit catalytic activity and are employed in various catalytic reactions.
This has implications for applications in chemical synthesis and industrial processes.

In the medical field, silver nanoparticles are investigated for their use in photothermal therapy.
When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they can generate heat, which may be utilized for targeted treatment of cancer cells.
Silver nanoparticles may be included in certain cosmetic and personal care products for their potential antibacterial and preservative properties.

In the electronics industry, silver nanoparticles are used to create flexible and transparent conductive films, with applications in flexible electronics, touch screens, and electronic displays.
Silver nanoparticles can exhibit photocatalytic activity, accelerating chemical reactions under light exposure.
This property is explored in applications like environmental remediation and water treatment.

Due to their antimicrobial properties, silver nanoparticles are employed in air purification systems to help eliminate or reduce the presence of harmful microorganisms.
Silver nanoparticles find applications in various biomedical areas, including tissue engineering, biosensors, and the development of biocompatible materials.
Silver nanoparticles are utilized in coatings for materials like glass and plastics to provide UV-blocking properties.

This is particularly important in products such as sunglasses, protective eyewear, and sunscreens.
In dentistry, silver nanoparticles are incorporated into dental materials such as composites and coatings to provide antimicrobial properties and reduce the risk of bacterial infections.
Silver nanoparticles are being studied for potential applications in cancer treatment.

Their unique properties, including their ability to generate heat under light exposure, make them candidates for targeted cancer therapy.
Silver nanoparticles are used in the production of transparent conductive films for solar cells.
These films enhance light absorption and electron transport within the solar cells, contributing to improved efficiency.

In electronics manufacturing, silver nanoparticles are employed in the fabrication of flexible printed circuit boards (FPCBs).
Their use supports the development of flexible and bendable electronic devices.
Silver nanoparticles can be incorporated into coatings for eyewear and surfaces to provide anti-fog properties.

This is particularly beneficial in applications where clear visibility is essential.
Silver nanoparticles are integrated into smart textiles, enabling the development of fabrics with electronic and sensing capabilities.
These textiles find applications in wearable technology and healthcare monitoring.

Silver nanoparticles are studied for potential applications in the oil and gas industry, particularly in enhanced oil recovery processes and as additives in drilling fluids.
Silver nanoparticles are used in packaging materials for electronic components to provide a conductive barrier and protect against environmental factors such as moisture and corrosion.
Silver nanoparticles are utilized in the development of photonic devices, including sensors, waveguides, and components for optical communication systems.

Silver nanoparticles are added to heat transfer fluids to enhance their thermal conductivity.
This is relevant in applications where efficient heat transfer is crucial, such as in cooling systems.
Silver nanoparticles can be incorporated into 3D printing materials, allowing the production of conductive and functional 3D-printed objects for electronic and sensing applications.

Silver nanoparticles are explored for their potential role in soil remediation, assisting in the removal of contaminants and pollutants from soil environments.
Silver nanoparticles can be added to construction materials such as concrete to impart antimicrobial properties and reduce the growth of bacteria on surfaces.

Safety Profile:
Human systemic effects by inhalation: skin effects.
Inhalation of dusts can cause argyrosis.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data.

Flammable in the form of dust when exposed to flame or by chemical reaction with C2H2, NH3, bromoazide, ClF3 ethyleneimine, H2O2, oxalic acid, H2SO4, tartaric acid.
Incompatible with acetylene, acetylene compounds, aziridine, bromine azide, 3-bromopropyne, carboxylic acids, copper + ethylene glycol, electrolytes + zinc, ethanol + nitric acid, ethylene oxide, ethyl hydroperoxide, ethyleneimine, iodoform, nitric acid, ozonides, peroxomonosulfuric acid, peroxyformic acid.

Health Hazard:
The acute toxicity of silver metal is low.
The acute toxicity of soluble silver compounds depends on the counterion and must be evaluated case by case.
For example, silver nitrate is strongly corrosive and can cause burns and permanent damage to the eyes and skin.

Chronic exposure to silver or silver salts can cause a local or generalized darkening of the mucous membranes, skin, and eyes known as argyria.
The other chronic effects of silver compounds must be evaluated individually.
Although silver nanoparticles are widely used in a variety of commercial products, there has only recently been a major effort to study their effects on human health.

There have been several studies that describe the in vitro toxicity of silver nanoparticles to a variety of different organs, including the lung, liver, skin, brain, and reproductive organs.
The mechanism of the toxicity of silver nanoparticles to human cells appears to be derived from oxidative stress and inflammation that is caused by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulated by either the Ag NPs, Ag ions, or both.

For example, Park et al. showed that exposure of a mouse peritoneal macrophage cell line (RAW267.7) to silver nanoparticles decreased the cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner.
They further showed that the intracellular reduced glutathionine (GSH), which is a ROS scavenger, decreased to 81.4% of the control group of silver nanoparticles at 1.6 ppm.

Environmental Fate:
Silver nanoparticle is a rare element, which occurs naturally in its pure form.
Silver nanoparticle is a white, lustrous, relatively soft, and very malleable metal.
Silver nanoparticle has an average abundance of about 0.1 ppm in the Earth’s crust and about 0.3 ppm in soils.

Silver nanoparticle exists in four oxidation states (0,+1,+2,and +3).
Silver nanoparticle occurs primarily as sulfides with iron, lead, tellurides, and with gold.
Silver nanoparticle is found in surface waters as sulfide, bicarbonate, or sulfate salts, as part of complex ions with chlorides and sulfates and adsorbed onto particulate matter.

Silver nanoparticle is released through natural processes, for example, erosion of soils.
Sources of atmospheric contamination arise from processing of ores, steel refining, cement manufacture, fossil fuel combustion, and municipal waste incineration.
Of anthropomorphic release, over 75% was estimated to be from disposal of solid waste.

Ore smelting and fossil fuel combustion can emit fine particulates that may be transported long distances and deposited with precipitation.
The major source of release to surface waters is effluent from photographic processing.

Releases from the photographic industry and from disposal of sewage sludge and refuse are the major sources of soil contamination with silver.
Silver nanoparticle can leach into groundwater, which can be extenuated in acidic conditions. Silver can bioconcentrate in fish and invertebrates.

Toxicity evaluation:
Ag+ is the biologically active form.
Silver nanoparticle is not an essential mineral supplement and has no known physiologic function.
While specific mechanisms of toxicity are unclear, silver has high affinity for sulfhydryl groups and proteins.

The deposition of silver in tissues is the result of precipitation of insoluble silver salts, such as silver chloride and silver phosphate.
These insoluble salts appear to be transformed into soluble silver sulfide albuminates; to form complexes with amino or carboxyl groups in RNA, DNA, and proteins; or to be reduced to metallic silver by ascorbic acid or catecholamines.
These could lead to alteration of a number of cellular processes.

Since silver nanoparticles undergo dissolution releasing silver ions, which is well-documented to have toxic effects, there have been several studies that have been conducted to determine whether the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is derived from the release of silver ions or from the nanoparticle itself.
Several studies suggest that the toxicity of silver nanoparticles is attributed to their release of silver ions in cells as both silver nanoparticles and silver ions have been reported to have similar cytotoxicity.
For example, In some cases it is reported that silver nanoparticles facilitate the release of toxic free silver ions in cells via a "Trojan-horse type mechanism," where the particle enters cells and is then ionized within the cell.
SILVER NANOPARTICLES
Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles, nanodots or nanopowder are spherical or nanoflake high surface area metal particles with properties and uses that include inhibiting transmission of HIV and other viruses.


CAS Number: 7440-22-4
EC Number: 231-131-3
MDL Number: MFCD00003397
Linear Formula: Ag



AgNPs, Ag NPs, Silver nanopowder, Silver nanocrystals, Silver nano-particles, Silver nano-powder, nanosilver, nano-silver, 576832, 484059, J67099, J67111, J67207, J67252



While frequently described as being 'silver' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms.
Numerous shapes of nanoparticles can be constructed depending on the application at hand.


Commonly used silver nanoparticles are spherical, but diamond, octagonal, and thin sheets are also common.
Their extremely large surface area permits the coordination of a vast number of ligands.
The properties of silver nanoparticles applicable to human treatments are under investigation in laboratory and animal studies, assessing potential efficacy, biosafety, and biodistribution.


Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.
Nanoscale Silver Particles are available in the size range of 10-200 nm, with specific surface area (SSA) in the 30-60 m2/g range and also available as flakes with an average particle size of 2-10 micron range with a specific surface area of approximately 40-80 m2/g.


Nano Silver Particles are also available in Ultra high purity and high purity, coated, oleic oil-coated, dispersed, and polymer-dispersed forms.
Nanofluids are generally defined as suspended nanoparticles in solution either using surfactant or surface charge technology.
Other nanostructures include nanorods, nanowhiskers, nanohorns, nanopyramids and other nanocomposites.


Surface functionalized nanoparticles allow for the particles to be preferentially adsorbed at the surface interface using chemically bound polymers.
Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles, nanodots or nanopowder are spherical or nanoflake high surface area metal particles with properties and uses that include inhibiting transmission of HIV and other viruses.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
Silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are used in various consumer products including cosmetics, textiles, and health-care products owing to their strong antimicrobial activity.
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in medicine, physics, material sciences, and chemistry.


Silver nanoparticles have attract increasing attention for the wide range of applications in biomedicine.
Silver nanoparticles, generally smaller than 100 nm and contain 20–15,000 silver atoms, have distinct physical, chemical and biological properties compared to their bulk parent materials.


The optical, thermal, and catalytic properties of silver nanoparticles are strongly influenced by their size and shape.
Additionally, owning to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial ability, silver nanoparticles have also become the most widely used sterilizing nanomaterials in consuming and medical products, for instance, textiles, food storage bags, refrigerator surfaces, and personal care products.


Applications of Silver Nanoparticles: Silver nanoparticles are one of the most commonly utilized nanomaterials due to their anti-microbial properties, high electrical conductivity, and optical properties.


-Catalysis uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Using silver nanoparticles for catalysis has been gaining attention in recent years.
Although the most common applications are for medicinal or antibacterial purposes, silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated to show catalytic redox properties for dyes, benzene, and carbon monoxide.
Other untested compounds may use silver nanoparticles for catalysis, but the field is not fully explored.


-Supported on silica spheres – reduction of dyes uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized on a support of inert silica spheres.
The support plays virtually no role in the catalytic ability and serves as a method of preventing coalescence of the silver nanoparticles in colloidal solution.

Thus, the silver nanoparticles were stabilized and it was possible to demonstrate the ability of them to serve as an electron relay for the reduction of dyes by sodium borohydride.
Without the silver nanoparticle catalyst, virtually no reaction occurs between sodium borohydride and the various dyes: methylene blue, eosin, and rose bengal.


-Mesoporous aerogel – selective oxidation of benzene uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Silver nanoparticles supported on aerogel are advantageous due to the higher number of active sites.
The highest selectivity for oxidation of benzene to phenol was observed at low weight percent of silver in the aerogel matrix (1% Ag).
This better selectivity is believed to be a result of the higher monodispersity within the aerogel matrix of the 1% Ag sample.
Each weight percent solution formed different sized particles with a different width of size range.


-Silver alloy – synergistic oxidation of carbon monoxide uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles have been shown to have a synergistic effect on the oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO).
On its own, each pure-metal nanoparticle shows very poor catalytic activity for CO oxidation; together, the catalytic properties are greatly enhanced.

It is proposed that the gold acts as a strong binding agent for the oxygen atom and the silver serves as a strong oxidizing catalyst, although the exact mechanism is still not completely understood.
When synthesized in an Au/Ag ratio from 3:1 to 10:1, the alloyed nanoparticles showed complete conversion when 1% CO was fed in air at ambient temperature.

The size of the alloyed particles did not play a big role in the catalytic ability.
It is well known that gold nanoparticles only show catalytic properties for CO when they are ~3 nm in size, but alloyed particles up to 30 nm demonstrated excellent catalytic activity – catalytic activity better than that of gold nanoparticles on active support such as TiO2, Fe2O3, etc.


-Light-enhanced uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Plasmonic effects have been studied quite extensively.
Until recently, there have not been studies investigating the oxidative catalytic enhancement of a nanostructure via excitation of its surface plasmon resonance.

The defining feature for enhancing the oxidative catalytic ability has been identified as the ability to convert a beam of light into the form of energetic electrons that can be transferred to adsorbed molecules.
The implication of such a feature is that photochemical reactions can be driven by low-intensity continuous light coupled with thermal energy.

The coupling of low-intensity continuous light and thermal energy has been performed with silver nanocubes.
The important feature of silver nanostructures that are enabling for photocatalysis is their nature to create resonant surface plasmons from light in the visible range.

The addition of light enhancement enabled the particles to perform to the same degree as particles that were heated up to 40 K greater.
This is a profound finding when noting that a reduction in temperature of 25 K can increase the catalyst lifetime by nearly tenfold, when comparing the photothermal and thermal process.


-Sensors uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Peptide capped silver nanoparticle for colorimetric sensing has been mostly studied in past years, which focus on the nature of the peptide and silver interaction and the effect of the peptide on the formation of the silver nanoparticles.
Besides, the efficiency of silver nanoparticles based fluorescent sensors can be very high and overcome the detection limits.


-Optical probes usesof Silver Nanoparticles:
Silver nanoparticles are widely used as probes for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF).
Compared to other noble metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles exhibits more advantages for probe, such as higher extinction coefficients, sharper extinction bands, and high field enhancements.


-Antibacterial agents uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Silver nanoparticles are most widely used sterilizing nanomaterial in consuming and medical products, for instance, textiles, food storage bags, refrigerator surfaces, and personal care products.
It has been proved that the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles is due to the sustained release of free silver ions from the nanoparticles.


-Catalystuses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Silver nanoparticles have been demonstrated to present catalytic redox properties for biological agents such as dyes, as well as chemical agents such as benzene.

The chemical environment of the nanoparticle plays an important role in their catalytic properties.
In addition, Silver Nanoparticles is important to know that complicated catalysis takes place by adsorption of the reactant species to the catalytic substrate.

When polymers, complex ligands, or surfactants are used as the stabilizer or to prevent coalescence of the nanoparticles, the catalytic ability is usually decreased due to reduced adsorption ability.
In general, silver nanoparticles are mostly used with titanium dioxide as the catalyst for chemical reactions.


-MEDICAL APPLICATIONS of Silver Nanoparticles
Silver nanopaticles are widely incorporated into wound dressings, and are used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in medical applications and in consumer goods.
Silver nanoparticles have a high surface area per unit mass and release a continuous level of silver ions into their environment.

The silver ions are bioactive and have broad spectrum antimicrobial properties against a wide range of bacteria.
By controlling the size, shape, surface and agglomeration state of the Silver Nanoparticles, specific silver ion release profiles can be developed for a given application.


-CONDUCTIVE COMPOSITES uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Incorporation of silver particles into plastics, composites, and adhesives increases the electrical conductivity of the material.
Silver pastes and epoxies are widely utilized in the electronics industries.

Silver Nanoparticles based inks are used to print flexible electronics and have the advantage that the melting point of the small silver nanoparticles in the ink is reduced by hundreds of degrees compared to bulk silver.
When scintered, these silver nanoparticle based inks have excellent conductivity.


-PLASMONICS uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
Silver nanoparticles have unique optical properties because they support surface plasmons.
At specific wavelengths of light the surface plasmons are driven into resonance and strongly absorb or scatter incident light.
This effect is so strong that it allows for individual Silver Nanoparticles as small as 20 nm in diameter to be imaged using a conventional dark field microscope.

This strong coupling of metal nanostructures with light is the basis for the new field of plasmonics.
Applications of plasmonic silver nanoparticles include biomedical labels, sensors, and detectors.
Silver Nanoparticles is also the basis for analysis techniques such as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) and Surface Enhanced Fluorescent Spectroscopy.


-PHOTOVOLTAICS uses of Silver Nanoparticles:
There is increasing interest in utilizing the large scattering and absorption cross sections of plasmonic silver nanoparticles for solar applications.
Since the Silver Nanoparticles act as efficient optical antennas, very high efficiencies can be obtained when the nanoparticles are incorporated into collectors.



HOUSEHOLD APPLICATIONS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
There are instances in which silver nanoparticles and colloidal silver are used in consumer goods.
Samsung for example claimed that the use of silver nanoparticles in washing machines would help to sterilize clothes and water during the washing and rinsing functions, and allow clothes to be cleaned without the need for hot water.

The Silver Nanoparticles in these appliances are synthesized using electrolysis.
Through electrolysis, silver is extracted from metal plates and then turned into silver nanoparticles by a reduction agent.
This method avoids the drying, cleaning, and re-dispersion processes, which are generally required with alternative colloidal synthesis methods.

Importantly, the electrolysis strategy also decreases the production cost of Silver Nanoparticles, making these washing machines more affordable to manufacture.

Samsung has described the system:
[A] grapefruit-sized device alongside the [washer] tub uses electrical currents to nanoshave two silver plates the size of large chewing gum sticks.
Resulting in positively charged silver atoms-silver ions (Ag+)-are injected into the tub during the wash cycle.

Samsung's description of the Silver Nanoparticles generating process seems to contradict its advertisement of silver nanoparticles. Instead, the statement indicates that laundry cycles.
When clothes are run through the cycle, the intended mode of action is that bacteria contained in the water are sterilized as they interact with the silver present in the washing tub.

As a result, these washing machines can provide antibacterial and sterilization benefits on top of conventional washing methods. Samsung has commented on the lifetime of these silver-containing washing machines.
The electrolysis of silver generates over 400 billion silver ions during each wash cycle.

Given the size of the silver source (two “gum-sized” plate of Ag), Samsung estimates that these plates can last up to 3000 wash cycles.
These plans by Samsung were not overlooked by regulatory agencies. Agencies investigating Silver Nanoparticles use include but are not limited to: the U.S. FDA, U.S. EPA, SIAA of Japan, and Korea's Testing and Research Institute for Chemical Industry and FITI Testing & Research Institute.

These various agencies plan to regulate silver nanoparticles in appliances.
These washing machines are some of the first cases in which the EPA has sought to regulate Silver Nanoparticles in consumer goods.
Samsung stated that the silver gets washed away in the sewer and regulatory agencies worry over what that means for wastewater treatment streams.

Currently, the EPA classifies silver nanoparticles as pesticides due to their use as antimicrobial agents in wastewater purification.
The washing machines being developed by Samsung do contain a pesticide and have to be registered and tested for safety under the law, particularly the U.S. Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act.

The difficulty, however behind regulating nanotechnology in this manner is that there is no distinct way to measure toxicity.
In addition to the uses described above, the European Union Observatory for Nanomaterials (EUON) has highlighted that silver nanoparticles are used in colourants in cosmetics, as well as pigments.
A recently published study by the EUON has illustrated the existence of knowledge gaps regarding the safety of Silver Nanoparticles in pigments.



PROPERTIES OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
*Optical Propertieso of Silver Nanoparticles
When silver nanoparticles are exposed to a specific wavelength of light, the oscillating electromagnetic field of the light induces a collective coherent oscillation of the free electrons, which causes a charge separation with respect to the ionic lattice, forming a dipole oscillation along the direction of the electric field of the light.

The amplitude of the oscillation reaches maximum at a specific frequency, called surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
The absorption and scattering properties of silver nanoparticles can be changed by controlling the particle size, shape and refractive index near the particle surface.

For example, smaller nanoparticles mostly absorb light and have peaks near 400 nm, while larger nanoparticles exhibit increased scattering and have peaks that broaden and shift towards longer wavelengths.
Besides, the optical properties of silver nanoparticles can also change when particles aggregate and the conduction electrons near each particle surface become delocalized.

*Antibacterial Effects of Silver Nanoparticles:
The antibacterial effects of silver nanoparticles have been used to control bacterial growth in a variety of applications, including dental work, surgery applications, wounds and burns treatment, and biomedical devices.
Silver Nanoparticles is well known that silver ions and silverbased compounds are highly toxic to microorganisms.

Introduction of silver nanoparticles into bacterial cells can induce a high degree of structural and morphological changes, which can lead to cell death.
Scientists have demonstrated that the antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles is mostly due to the sustained release of free silver ions from the nanoparticles, which serve as a vehicle for silver ions.



PRODUCTS AND FUNCTIONALIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
Synthetic protocols for silver nanoparticle production can be modified to produce silver nanoparticles with non-spherical geometries and also to functionalize nanoparticles with different materials, such as silica.
Creating silver nanoparticles of different shapes and surface coatings allows for greater control over their size-specific properties.

*Anisotropic structures
Silver nanoparticles can be synthesized in a variety of non-spherical (anisotropic) shapes.
Because silver, like other noble metals, exhibits a size and shape dependent optical effect known as localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at the nanoscale, the ability to synthesize Silver Nanoparticles in different shapes vastly increases the ability to tune their optical behavior.

For example, the wavelength at which LSPR occurs for a Silver Nanoparticles of one morphology (e.g. a sphere) will be different if that sphere is changed into a different shape.
This shape dependence allows a silver nanoparticle to experience optical enhancement at a range of different wavelengths, even by keeping the size relatively constant, just by changing its shape.

This aspect can be exploited in synthesis to promote change in shape of Silver Nanoparticles through light interaction.
The applications of this shape-exploited expansion of optical behavior range from developing more sensitive biosensors to increasing the longevity of textiles.

*Triangular nanoprisms
Triangular-shaped Silver Nanoparticles are a canonical type of anisotropic morphology studied for both gold and silver.

Though many different techniques for silver nanoprism synthesis exist, several methods employ a seed-mediated approach, which involves first synthesizing small (3-5 nm diameter) silver nanoparticles that offer a template for shape-directed growth into triangular nanostructures.

The silver seeds are synthesized by mixing silver nitrate and sodium citrate in aqueous solution and then rapidly adding sodium borohydride.
Additional silver nitrate is added to the seed solution at low temperature, and the prisms are grown by slowly reducing the excess silver nitrate using ascorbic acid.

With the seed-mediated approach to silver nanoprism synthesis, selectivity of one shape over another can in part be controlled by the capping ligand.
Using essentially the same procedure above but changing citrate to poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) yields cube and rod-shaped nanostructures instead of triangular nanoprisms.

In addition to the seed mediated technique, silver nanoprisms can also be synthesized using a photo-mediated approach, in which preexisting spherical silver nanoparticles are transformed into triangular nanoprisms simply by exposing the reaction mixture to high intensities of light.


*Nanocubes
Silver nanocubes can be synthesized using ethylene glycol as a reducing agent and PVP as a capping agent, in a polyol synthesis reaction (vide supra).
A typical synthesis using these reagents involves adding fresh silver nitrate and PVP to a solution of ethylene glycol heated at 140 °C.

This procedure can actually be modified to produce another anisotropic silver nanostructure, nanowires, by just allowing the silver nitrate solution to age before using it in the synthesis.
By allowing the silver nitrate solution to age, the initial nanostructure formed during the synthesis is slightly different than that obtained with fresh silver nitrate, which influences the growth process, and therefore, the morphology of the final product.


*Coating with silica
In this method, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is dissolved in water by sonication and mixed with silver colloid particles.
Active stirring ensures the PVP has adsorbed to the Silver Nanoparticles surface.
Centrifuging separates the PVP coated Silver Nanoparticles which are then transferred to a solution of ethanol to be centrifuged further and placed in a solution of ammonia, ethanol and Si(OEt4) (TES).

Stirring for twelve hours results in the silica shell being formed consisting of a surrounding layer of silicon oxide with an ether linkage available to add functionality.
Varying the amount of TES allows for different thicknesses of shells formed.
This technique is popular due to the ability to add a variety of functionality to the exposed silica surface.



SYNTHESIS METHODS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
***Wet chemistry:
The most common methods for nanoparticle synthesis fall under the category of wet chemistry, or the nucleation of particles within a solution.
This nucleation occurs when a silver ion complex, usually AgNO3 or AgClO4, is reduced to colloidal Ag in the presence of a reducing agent. When the concentration increases enough, dissolved metallic silver ions bind together to form a stable surface.

The surface is energetically unfavorable when the cluster is small, because the energy gained by decreasing the concentration of dissolved particles is not as high as the energy lost from creating a new surface.
When the cluster reaches a certain size, known as the critical radius, it becomes energetically favorable, and thus stable enough to continue to grow.

This nucleus then remains in the system and grows as more silver atoms diffuse through the solution and attach to the surface.
When the dissolved concentration of atomic silver decreases enough, it is no longer possible for enough atoms to bind together to form a stable nucleus.
At this nucleation threshold, new nanoparticles stop being formed, and the remaining dissolved silver is absorbed by diffusion into the growing nanoparticles in the solution.

As the particles grow, other molecules in the solution diffuse and attach to the surface.
This process stabilizes the surface energy of the particle and blocks new silver ions from reaching the surface.

The attachment of these capping/stabilizing agents slows and eventually stops the growth of the particle.
The most common capping ligands are trisodium citrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), but many others are also used in varying conditions to synthesize particles with particular sizes, shapes, and surface properties.

There are many different wet synthesis methods, including the use of reducing sugars, citrate reduction, reduction via sodium borohydride, the silver mirror reaction, the polyol process, seed-mediated growth, and light-mediated growth.
Each of these methods, or a combination of methods, will offer differing degrees of control over the size distribution as well as distributions of geometric arrangements of the nanoparticle.

A new, very promising wet-chemical technique was found by Elsupikhe et al. (2015).
They have developed a green ultrasonically-assisted synthesis.
Under ultrasound treatment, silver nanoparticles (AgNP) are synthesized with κ-carrageenan as a natural stabilizer.
The reaction is performed at ambient temperature and produces silver nanoparticles with fcc crystal structure without impurities.
The concentration of κ-carrageenan is used to influence particle size distribution of the AgNPs


*Monosaccharide reduction
There are many ways silver nanoparticles can be synthesized; one method is through monosaccharides.
This includes glucose, fructose, maltose, maltodextrin, etc., but not sucrose.
It is also a simple method to reduce silver ions back to silver nanoparticles as it usually involves a one-step process.

There have been methods that indicated that these reducing sugars are essential to the formation of silver nanoparticles.
Many studies indicated that this method of green synthesis, specifically using Cacumen platycladi extract, enabled the reduction of silver.
Additionally, the size of Silver Nanoparticles could be controlled depending on the concentration of the extract.

The studies indicate that the higher concentrations correlated to an increased number of nanoparticles.
Smaller Silver Nanoparticles were formed at high pH levels due to the concentration of the monosaccharides.
Another method of silver nanoparticles synthesis includes the use of reducing sugars with alkali starch and silver nitrate.

The reducing sugars have free aldehyde and ketone groups, which enable them to be oxidized into gluconate.
The monosaccharide must have a free ketone group because in order to act as a reducing agent it first undergoes tautomerization.
In addition, if the aldehydes are bound, Silver Nanoparticles will be stuck in cyclic form and cannot act as a reducing agent.

For example, glucose has an aldehyde functional group that is able to reduce silver cations to silver atoms and is then oxidized to gluconic acid.
The reaction for the sugars to be oxidized occurs in aqueous solutions. The capping agent is also not present when heated.


*Citrate reduction
An early, and very common, method for synthesizing silver nanoparticles is citrate reduction.
This method was first recorded by M. C. Lea, who successfully produced a citrate-stabilized silver colloid in 1889.
Citrate reduction involves the reduction of a silver source particle, usually AgNO3 or AgClO4, to colloidal silver using trisodium citrate, Na3C6H5O7.

The synthesis is usually performed at an elevated temperature (~100 °C) to maximize the monodispersity (uniformity in both size and shape) of the particle.
In this method, the citrate ion traditionally acts as both the reducing agent and the capping ligand, making it a useful process for AgNP production due to its relative ease and short reaction time.
However, the silver particles formed may exhibit broad size distributions and form several different particle geometries simultaneously.
The addition of stronger reducing agents to the reaction is often used to synthesize particles of a more uniform size and shape.


*Reduction via sodium borohydride
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles by sodium borohydride (NaBH4) reduction occurs by the following reaction:
Ag+ + BH4− + 3 H2O → Ag0 +B(OH)3 +3.5 H2
The reduced metal atoms will form nanoparticle nuclei.

Overall, this process is similar to the above reduction method using citrate.
The benefit of using sodium borohydride is increased monodispersity of the final particle population.
The reason for the increased monodispersity when using NaBH4 is that it is a stronger reducing agent than citrate.

The impact of reducing agent strength can be seen by inspecting a LaMer diagram which describes the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles.
When silver nitrate (AgNO3) is reduced by a weak reducing agent like citrate, the reduction rate is lower which means that new nuclei are forming and old nuclei are growing concurrently.

This is the reason that the citrate reaction has low monodispersity.
Because NaBH4 is a much stronger reducing agent, the concentration of silver nitrate is reduced rapidly which shortens the time during which new nuclei form and grow concurrently yielding a monodispersed population of silver nanoparticles.

Particles formed by reduction must have their surfaces stabilized to prevent undesirable particle agglomeration (when multiple particles bond together), growth, or coarsening.
The driving force for these phenomena is the minimization of surface energy (nanoparticles have a large surface to volume ratio).

This tendency to reduce surface energy in the system can be counteracted by adding species which will adsorb to the surface of the nanoparticles and lowers the activity of the particle surface thus preventing particle agglomeration according to the DLVO theory and preventing growth by occupying attachment sites for metal atoms.

Chemical species that adsorb to the surface of nanoparticles are called ligands.
Some of these surface stabilizing species are: NaBH4 in large amounts, poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and/or dodecanethiol.

Once the particles have been formed in solution they must be separated and collected.
There are several general methods to remove nanoparticles from solution, including evaporating the solvent phase or the addition of chemicals to the solution that lower the solubility of the nanoparticles in the solution.
Both methods force the precipitation of the nanoparticles.


*Polyol process
The polyol process is a particularly useful method because it yields a high degree of control over both the size and geometry of the resulting nanoparticles.
In general, the polyol synthesis begins with the heating of a polyol compound such as ethylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, or 1,2-propylene glycol7.
An Ag+ species and a capping agent are added (although the polyol itself is also often the capping agent).

The Ag+ species is then reduced by the polyol to colloidal nanoparticles.
The polyol process is highly sensitive to reaction conditions such as temperature, chemical environment, and concentration of substrates.
Therefore, by changing these variables, various sizes and geometries can be selected for such as quasi-spheres, pyramids, spheres, and wires.
Further study has examined the mechanism for this process as well as resulting geometries under various reaction conditions in greater detail


*Seed-mediated growth
Seed-mediated growth is a synthetic method in which small, stable nuclei are grown in a separate chemical environment to a desired size and shape.
Seed-mediated methods consist of two different stages: nucleation and growth.
Variation of certain factors in the synthesis (e.g. ligand, nucleation time, reducing agent, etc.), can control the final size and shape of Silver
Nanoparticles, making seed-mediated growth a popular synthetic approach to controlling morphology of nanoparticles.
The nucleation stage of seed-mediated growth consists of the reduction of metal ions in a precursor to metal atoms.
In order to control the size distribution of the seeds, the period of nucleation should be made short for monodispersity.

The LaMer model illustrates this concept.
Seeds typically consist small Silver Nanoparticles, stabilized by a ligand.
Ligands are small, usually organic molecules that bind to the surface of particles, preventing seeds from further growth.

Ligands are necessary as they increase the energy barrier of coagulation, preventing agglomeration.
The balance between attractive and repulsive forces within colloidal solutions can be modeled by DLVO theory.
Ligand binding affinity, and selectivity can be used to control shape and growth.
For seed synthesis, a ligand with medium to low binding affinity should be chosen as to allow for exchange during growth phase.

The growth of nanoseeds involves placing the seeds into a growth solution.
The growth solution requires a low concentration of a metal precursor, ligands that will readily exchange with preexisting seed ligands, and a weak or very low concentration of reducing agent.

The reducing agent must not be strong enough to reduce metal precursor in the growth solution in the absence of seeds.
Otherwise, the growth solution will form new nucleation sites instead of growing on preexisting ones (seeds).
Growth is the result of the competition between surface energy (which increases unfavorably with growth) and bulk energy (which decreases favorably with growth).

The balance between the energetics of growth and dissolution is the reason for uniform growth only on preexisting seeds (and no new nucleation).
Growth occurs by the addition of metal atoms from the growth solution to the seeds, and ligand exchange between the growth ligands (which have a higher bonding affinity) and the seed ligands.

Range and direction of growth can be controlled by nanoseed, concentration of metal precursor, ligand, and reaction conditions (heat, pressure, etc.).
Controlling stoichiometric conditions of growth solution controls ultimate size of particle.
For example, a low concentration of metal seeds to metal precursor in the growth solution will produce larger particles.

Capping agent has been shown to control direction of growth and thereby shape.
Ligands can have varying affinities for binding across a particle.
Differential binding within a particle can result in dissimilar growth across particle.
This produces anisotropic particles with nonspherical shapes including prisms, cubes, and rods.


*Light-mediated growth:
Light-mediated syntheses have also been explored where light can promote formation of various Silver Nanoparticles morphologies.


*Silver mirror reaction:
The silver mirror reaction involves the conversion of silver nitrate to Ag(NH3)OH.
Ag(NH3)OH is subsequently reduced into colloidal silver using an aldehyde containing molecule such as a sugar.
The silver mirror reaction is as follows:

2(Ag(NH3)2)+ + RCHO + 2OH− → RCOOH + 2Ag + 4NH3
The size and shape of the Silver Nanoparticles produced are difficult to control and often have wide distributions.
However, this method is often used to apply thin coatings of silver particles onto surfaces and further study into producing more uniformly sized Silver Nanoparticles is being done.



***Ion implantation
Ion implantation has been used to create silver nanoparticles embedded in glass, polyurethane, silicone, polyethylene, and poly(methyl methacrylate).
Particles are embedded in the substrate by means of bombardment at high accelerating voltages.

At a fixed current density of the ion beam up to a certain value, the size of the embedded silver nanoparticles has been found to be monodisperse within the population, after which only an increase in the ion concentration is observed.

A further increase in the ion beam dose has been found to reduce both the Silver Nanoparticles size and density in the target substrate, whereas an ion beam operating at a high accelerating voltage with a gradually increasing current density has been found to result in a gradual increase in the Silver Nanoparticles size.

There are a few competing mechanisms which may result in the decrease in Silver Nanoparticles size; destruction of NPs upon collision, sputtering of the sample surface, particle fusion upon heating and dissociation.

The formation of embedded Silver Nanoparticles is complex, and all of the controlling parameters and factors have not yet been investigated.
Computer simulation is still difficult as it involves processes of diffusion and clustering, however it can be broken down into a few different sub-processes such as implantation, diffusion, and growth.

Upon implantation, silver ions will reach different depths within the substrate which approaches a Gaussian distribution with the mean centered at X depth.
High temperature conditions during the initial stages of implantation will increase the impurity diffusion in the substrate and as a result limit the impinging ion saturation, which is required for Silver Nanoparticles nucleation.

Both the implant temperature and ion beam current density are crucial to control in order to obtain a monodisperse Silver Nanoparticles size and depth distribution.
A low current density may be used to counter the thermal agitation from the ion beam and a buildup of surface charge.

After implantation on the surface, the beam currents may be raised as the surface conductivity will increase.
The rate at which impurities diffuse drops quickly after the formation of the Silver Nanoparticles, which act as a mobile ion trap.
This suggests that the beginning of the implantation process is critical for control of the spacing and depth of the resulting Silver Nanoparticles, as well as control of the substrate temperature and ion beam density.

The presence and nature of these particles can be analyzed using numerous spectroscopy and microscopy instruments.
Silver Nanoparticles synthesized in the substrate exhibit surface plasmon resonances as evidenced by characteristic absorption bands; these features undergo spectral shifts depending on the Silver Nanoparticles size and surface asperities, however the optical properties also strongly depend on the substrate material of the composite.



***Biological synthesis:
The biological synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles has provided a means for improved techniques compared to the traditional methods that call for the use of harmful reducing agents like sodium borohydride.
Many of these methods could improve their environmental footprint by replacing these relatively strong reducing agents.

The commonly used biological methods are using plant or fruit extracts, fungi, and even animal parts like insect wing extract.
The problems with the chemical production of silver Silver Nanoparticles is usually involves high cost and the longevity of the particles is short lived due to aggregation.

The harshness of standard chemical methods has sparked the use of using biological organisms to reduce silver ions in solution into colloidal Silver Nanoparticles.

In addition, precise control over shape and size is vital during Silver Nanoparticles synthesis since the NPs therapeutic properties are intimately dependent on such factors.
Hence, the primary focus of research in biogenic synthesis is in developing methods that consistently reproduce NPs with precise properties.


*Fungi and bacteria
Bacterial and fungal synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles is practical because bacteria and fungi are easy to handle and can be modified genetically with ease.
This provides a means to develop biomolecules that can synthesize AgNPs of varying shapes and sizes in high yield, which is at the forefront of current challenges in Silver Nanoparticles synthesis.

Fungal strains such as Verticillium and bacterial strains such as Klebsiella pneumoniae can be used in the synthesis of silver Silver Nanoparticles.
When the fungus/bacteria is added to solution, protein biomass is released into the solution.
Electron donating residues such as tryptophan and tyrosine reduce silver ions in solution contributed by silver nitrate.

These methods have been found to effectively create stable monodisperse Silver Nanoparticles without the use of harmful reducing agents.
A method has been found of reducing silver ions by the introduction of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum.
The Silver Nanoparticles formed in this method have a size range between 5 and 15 nm and consist of silver hydrosol.

The reduction of the Silver Nanoparticles is thought to come from an enzymatic process and Silver Nanoparticles produced are extremely stable due to interactions with proteins that are excreted by the fungi.

Bacterium found in silver mines, Pseudomonas stutzeri AG259, were able to construct silver particles in the shapes of triangles and hexagons.
The size of these Silver Nanoparticles had a large range in size and some of them reached sizes larger than the usual nanoscale with a size of 200 nm.
The Silver Nanoparticles were found in the organic matrix of the bacteria.

Lactic acid producing bacteria have been used to produce silver nanoparticles.
The bacteria Lactobacillus spp., Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enteroccus faeciumI, and Lactococcus garvieae have been found to be able to reduce silver ions into silver nanoparticles.

The production of the Silver Nanoparticles takes place in the cell from the interactions between the silver ions and the organic compounds of the cell.
It was found that the bacterium Lactobacillus fermentum created the smallest silver nanoparticles with an average size of 11.2 nm.

It was also found that this bacterium produced the Silver Nanoparticles with the smallest size distribution and the Silver Nanoparticles were found mostly on the outside of the cells.
It was also found that there was an increase in the pH increased the rate of which the Silver Nanoparticles were produced and the amount of particles produced.


*Plants
The reduction of silver ions into silver nanoparticles has also been achieved using geranium leaves.
Silver Nanoparticles has been found that adding geranium leaf extract to silver nitrate solutions causes their silver ions to be quickly reduced and that the nanoparticles produced are particularly stable.

The silver nanoparticles produced in solution had a size range between 16 and 40 nm.
In another study different plant leaf extracts were used to reduce silver ions.
Silver Nanoparticles was found that out of Camellia sinensis (green tea), pine, persimmon, ginko, magnolia, and platanus that the magnolia leaf extract was the best at creating silver nanoparticles.

This method created particles with a disperse size range of 15 to 500 nm, but Silver Nanoparticles was also found that the particle size could be controlled by varying the reaction temperature.
The speed at which the ions were reduced by the magnolia leaf extract was comparable to those of using chemicals to reduce.

The use of plants, microbes, and fungi in the production of silver nanoparticles is leading the way to more environmentally sound production of silver nanoparticles.
A green method is available for synthesizing silver nanoparticles using Amaranthus gangeticus Linn leaf extract.



BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
Researchers have explored the use of silver nanoparticles as carriers for delivering various payloads such as small drug molecules or large biomolecules to specific targets.
Once the AgNP has had sufficient time to reach its target, release of the payload could potentially be triggered by an internal or external stimulus.
The targeting and accumulation of Silver Nanoparticles may provide high payload concentrations at specific target sites and could minimize side effects.


*Chemotherapy
The introduction of nanotechnology into medicine is expected to advance diagnostic cancer imaging and the standards for therapeutic drug design.
Nanotechnology may uncover insight about the structure, function and organizational level of the biosystem at the nanoscale.
Silver nanoparticles can undergo coating techniques that offer a uniform functionalized surface to which substrates can be added.

When the Silver Nanoparticles is coated, for example, in silica the surface exists as silicic acid.
Substrates can thus be added through stable ether and ester linkages that are not degraded immediately by natural metabolic enzymes.
Recent chemotherapeutic applications have designed anti cancer drugs with a photo cleavable linker, such as an ortho-nitrobenzyl bridge, attaching it to the substrate on the Silver Nanoparticles surface.

The low toxicity Silver Nanoparticles complex can remain viable under metabolic attack for the time necessary to be distributed throughout the bodies systems.
If a cancerous tumor is being targeted for treatment, ultraviolet light can be introduced over the tumor region.
The electromagnetic energy of the light causes the photo responsive linker to break between the drug and the Silver Nanoparticles substrate.

The drug is now cleaved and released in an unaltered active form to act on the cancerous tumor cells.
Advantages anticipated for this method is that the drug is transported without highly toxic compounds, the drug is released without harmful radiation or relying on a specific chemical reaction to occur and the drug can be selectively released at a target tissue.

A second approach is to attach a chemotherapeutic drug directly to the functionalized surface of the silver nanoparticle combined with a nucelophilic species to undergo a displacement reaction.
For example, once the Silver Nanoparticles drug complex enters or is in the vicinity of the target tissue or cells, a glutathione monoester can be administered to the site.

The nucleophilic ester oxygen will attach to the functionalized surface of the Silver Nanoparticles through a new ester linkage while the drug is released to its surroundings.
The drug is now active and can exert its biological function on the cells immediate to its surroundings limiting non-desirable interactions with other tissues.


*Multiple drug resistance:
A major cause for the ineffectiveness of current chemotherapy treatments is multiple drug resistance which can arise from several mechanisms.
Nanoparticles can provide a means to overcome MDR.
In general, when using a targeting agent to deliver nanocarriers to cancer cells, it is imperative that the agent binds with high selectivity to molecules that are uniquely expressed on the cell surface.

Hence NPs can be designed with proteins that specifically detect drug resistant cells with overexpressed transporter proteins on their surface.
A pitfall of the commonly used nano-drug delivery systems is that free drugs that are released from the nanocarriers into the cytosol get exposed to the MDR transporters once again, and are exported.

To solve this, 8 nm nanocrystalline silver particles were modified by the addition of trans-activating transcriptional activator (TAT), derived from the HIV-1 virus, which acts as a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP).
Generally, AgNP effectiveness is limited due to the lack of efficient cellular uptake; however, CPP-modification has become one of the most efficient methods for improving intracellular delivery of nanoparticles.

Once ingested, the export of the AgNP is prevented based on a size exclusion.
The concept is simple: the nanoparticles are too large to be effluxed by the MDR transporters, because the efflux function is strictly subjected to the size of its substrates, which is generally limited to a range of 300-2000 Da.
Thereby the nanoparticulates remain insusceptible to the efflux, providing a means to accumulate in high concentrations


*Antimicrobial:
Introduction of silver into bacterial cells induces a high degree of structural and morphological changes, which can lead to cell death.
As the silver nanoparticles come in contact with the bacteria, they adhere to the cell wall and cell membrane.

Once bound, some of the silver passes through to the inside, and interacts with phosphate-containing compounds like DNA and RNA, while another portion adheres to the sulfur-containing proteins on the membrane.
The silver-sulfur interactions at the membrane cause the cell wall to undergo structural changes, like the formation of pits and pores.

Through these pores, cellular components are released into the extracellular fluid, simply due to the osmotic difference. Within the cell, the integration of silver creates a low molecular weight region where the DNA then condenses.
Having DNA in a condensed state inhibits the cell's replication proteins contact with the DNA.

Thus the introduction of silver nanoparticles inhibits replication and is sufficient to cause the death of the cell.
Further increasing their effect, when silver comes in contact with fluids, it tends to ionize which increases the Silver Nanoparticles' bactericidal activity.

This has been correlated to the suppression of enzymes and inhibited expression of proteins that relate to the cell's ability to produce ATP.
Although it varies for every type of cell proposed, as their cell membrane composition varies greatly, It has been seen that in general, silver nanoparticles with an average size of 10 nm or less show electronic effects that greatly increase their bactericidal activity.
This could also be partly due to the fact that as particle size decreases, reactivity increases due to the surface area to volume ratio increasing.

Silver nanoparticles have been shown to have synergistic antibacterial activity with commonly used antibiotics such as; penicillin G, ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and vancomycin against E. coli and S. aureus.
Furthermore, synergistic antibacterial activity has been reported between silver nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide causing this combination to exert significantly enhanced bactericidal effect against both Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.

This antibacterial synergy between silver nanoparticles and hydrogen peroxide can be possibly attributed to a Fenton-like reaction that generates highly reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals.
Silver nanoparticles can prevent bacteria from growing on or adhering to the surface.

This can be especially useful in surgical settings where all surfaces in contact with the patient must be sterile.
Silver nanoparticles can be incorporated on many types of surfaces including metals, plastic, and glass.
In medical equipment, it has been shown that silver nano particles lower the bacterial count on devices used compared to old techniques.

However, the problem arises when the procedure is over and a new one must be done.
In the process of washing the instruments a large portion of the silver nano particles become less effective due to the loss of silver ions.
They are more commonly used in skin grafts for burn victims as the silver nano particles embedded with the graft provide better antimicrobial activity and result in significantly less scarring of the victim.

These new applications are direct decedents of older practices that used silver nitrate to treat conditions such as skin ulcers.
Now, silver nanoparticles are used in bandages and patches to help heal certain burns and wounds.
An alternative approach is to use AgNP to sterilise biological dressings (for example, tilapia fish skin) for burn and wound management.

They also show promising application as water treatment method to form clean potable water.
This doesn't sound like much, but water contains numerous diseases and some parts of the world do not have the luxury of clean water, or any at all.
It wasn't new to use silver for removing microbes, but this experiment used the carbonate in water to make microbes even more vulnerable to silver.

First the scientists of the experiment use the nanopaticles to remove certain pesticides from the water, ones that prove fatal to people if ingested.
Several other tests have shown that the silver nanoparticles were capable of removing certain ions in water as well, like iron, lead, and arsenic.

But that is not the only reason why the silver nanoparticles are so appealing, they do not require any external force (no electricity of hydrolics) for the reaction to occur.
Conversely, post-consumer silver nanoparticles in waste water may adversely impact biological agents used in waste water treatment



METROLOGY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
A number of reference materials are available for silver nanoparticles.
NIST RM 8017 contains 75 nm silver nanoparticles embedded in a cake of the polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone to stabilize them against oxidation for a long shelf life.

They have reference values for mean particle size using dynamic light scattering, ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy; and size distribution reference values for the latter two methods.
The BAM-N001 certified reference material contains silver nanoparticles with a specified size distribution with a number-weighted median size of 12.6 nm measured by small-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
Molecular Weight: 107.87
Appearance: Powder
Melting Point: 961.78 °C
Boiling Point: 2162 °C
Density: N/A
Bulk Density: 0.312 g/cm3
True Density: ~10.5 g/cm3
Size Range: 80-100 nm
Average Particle Size: Specific Surface Area: 5.37 m2/g
Morphology: spherical
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Crystal Phase / Structure: cubic
Poisson's Ratio: 0.37
Thermal Expansion: (25 °C) 18.9 µm·m-1·K-1
Vickers Hardness: 251 MPa
Young's Modulus: 83 GPa
Linear Formula: Ag
MDL Number: MFCD00003397
EC No.: 231-131-3
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: N/A
IUPAC Name: N/A
SMILES: [Ag]
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/Ag
InchI Key: BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N



FIRST AID MEASURES of SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SILVER NANOPARTICLES:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


SILVER NITRATE
Silver nitrate is a staining compound for identification of proteins and nucleic acids
Silver nitrate is the most important silver salt.
Silver Nitrate forms colorless heavy crystals.


CAS No: 7761-88-8
EC Number: 231-853-9
MDL Number: MFCD00003414
Molecular Formula: AgNO3



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Silver nitrate, puriss. p.a., >=99.5% (AT), SR-01000944542, SR-01000944542-1, Silver nitrate, anhydrous, 99.999% trace metals basis, Silver nitrate, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, 99.8%, Silver nitrate, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0% (titration), Assay-isotopic standard for silver, NIST(R) SRM(R) 978a, Silver standard for ICP, for ICP, ready-to-use, in nitric acid, Silver standard for AAS, ready-to-use, traceable to BAM, in nitric acid, Silver nitrate on silica gel, extent of labeling: ~10 wt. % loading, +230 mesh, Silver nitrate, BioReagent, suitable for plant cell culture, >99% (titration), Silver nitrate, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.8-100.5%, Silver nitrate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., >=99.8%, Nitric acid silver(1+) salt, Lunar caustic, Nitrate d'argent, Nitric acid silver(I) salt, Silver mononitrate, Silver(I) nitrate (1:1), Silver(1+) nitrate, Silbernitrat, UN 1493, Nitric acid silver salt, Silver saltpeter, Silver(i) nitrate, Nitric Acid Silver (+1) Salt, Lunar caustic, Nitrate d'argent, Nitric acid silver(I) salt,



Silver Nitrate is a chemical compound of silver cation and nitrate anion.
Ions are charged particles, cations are positively charged and anions are negatively charged.
Silver nitrate is available as a prescription medication but is not approved by the FDA.


Silver Nitrate is an inorganic compound that is often used as a versatile precursor to other silver compounds as it is the least expensive salt of silver, is non-hygroscopic and relatively stable to light.
Silver nitrate is a common natural substance.


Silver Nitrate is used indoors to extend the useful lifetime of
commercial cut flowers by limiting their ability to make ethylene.
Because silver nitrate solutions can cause brown stains on skin, users are required to wear appropriate protective equipment.


Silver Nitrate has no harmful effects to humans or the environment are expected if users follow label directions.
Silver nitrate is the most important silver salt.
Silver Nitrate forms colorless heavy crystals.


Silver Nitrate is used in medicine for cauterization and has antibacterial properties.
Silver nitrate binds to selective amino acid residues under weakly acidic or neutral pH conditions making it suitable as a stain for identification of proteins.


Silver Nitrate is very good in treating warts.
Silver Nitrate is also preferred in darkening leather and organic materials.
Silver Nitrate's components are silver and nitric acid.


Silver Nitrate's synthesis is done according to the formula in the example:
Ag + 2 HNO3 → AgNO3 + NO2 + H2O
Silver nitrate is a versatile compound.


The nitrate ion can easily be replaced by other ligands that bind to the silver ion.
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula AgNO3.
In its solid form, silver nitrate is coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.


Silver Nitrate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 tonnes per annum.
Silver Nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula AgNO3.
Silver Nitrate consists of an ionic bond between the silver cation (Ag+) and the nitrate anion (NO3–).


Due to the ionic nature of this compound, Silver Nitrate readily dissolves in water and dissociates into its constituent ions.
Silver Nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3.
Silver Nitrate is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography.


Silver Nitrate is far less sensitive to light than the halides.
Silver Nitrate was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon.
In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three-coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.


Silver nitrate appears as a colorless or white crystalline solid becoming black on exposure to light or organic material.
Silver(1+) nitrate is a silver salt and an inorganic nitrate salt.
Silver Nitrate has a role as an astringent.


Silver Nitrate is an inorganic chemical with antiseptic activity.
Silver nitrate is a nitrate of silver.
Silver nitrate, caustic chemical compound, important as an antiseptic, in the industrial preparation of other silver salts, and as a reagent in analytical chemistry.


Silver Nitrate's chemical formula is AgNO3.
Pure silver nitrate is an intermediate in the preparation of other silver salts, including the colloidal silver compounds used in medicine and the silver halides incorporated into photographic emulsions.


Silver nitrate is made in large quantities by dissolving silver in nitric acid.
Silver Nitrate crystallizes in transparent plates that melt at 212 °C (414 °F).
The solubilityof Silver Nitrate at 20 °C (68 °F) is 222 grams per 100 grams of water.


Silver Nitrate is moderately soluble in methyl and ethyl alcohols and to a lesser extent in various other organic solvents.
When heated to about 320° C (608° F), silver nitrate loses oxygen and forms silver nitrite.
At a red heat, silver is formed.


Ingestion of silver nitrate causes violent abdominal pains, vomiting, and diarrhea, with the development of gastroenteritis.
Treatment includes oral administration of common salt solutions, milk (or white of egg and water), and soap in water to protect the mucous membranes of the esophagus and stomach and precipitate the poisonous free silver ions as silver chloride.


Silver nitrate, AgNO3, is the least expensive silver salt and is relatively stable to light.
Silver Nitrate easily dissolves in water (2150 g/L at 20 °C).
As the nitrate can be easily replaced by other ligands Silver Nitrate is a versatile starting point for the synthesis of other silver compounds.


Silver nitrate can be prepared by dissolving silver in with nitric acid:
3 Ag + 4 HNO3 arrow_right.gif 3 AgNO3 + NO + 2 H2O
When a sheet of copper is put into a silver nitrate solution, the silver nitrate reacts with copper to form hairlike crystals of metallic silver and a blue solution of copper nitrate:


2 AgNO3 + Cu arrow_right.gif Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag
Silver Nitrate reacts with solutions of halide ions to give a precipitate of AgX (X = Cl, Br, I), which are used in photographic films.
When heated, silver nitrate decomposes into metallic silver, oxygen and nitrogen oxide:


2 AgNO3 arrow_right.gif 2 Ag + O2 + 2 NO2
Silver salts have antimicrobial properties and are commonly used to disinfect drinking water.
When diluted silver nitrate is braught into contact with skin, the skin becomes brown/black after a short time due to elementary silver which is introduced into the skin according to the following reaction:


AgNO3 + H (from the skin) arrow_right.gif Ag + HNO3
Concentrated solutions of Silver Nitrate will cause burns due to the same reaction.
Silver nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula AgNO3.


Silver nitrate consists of an ionic bond between the silver cation i.e., Ag+ and the nitrate anion NO−3.
Due to the ionic nature of silver nitrate, it easily dissolves in water and dissociates into its constituent ions.
Silver nitrate is a precursor to many other compounds of silver, including the silver compounds that are used in photography.


When silver nitrate is compared to silver halides, which are in use in photography because of their sensitivity to light.
Silver Nitrate is stable when it is exposed to light.
The nitrate ion in silver nitrate consists of one nitrogen atom that is surrounded by three oxygen atoms.
The nitrogen-oxygen bonds are similar to each other in this ion.


The formal charge of the nitrogen atom is -1, whereas each oxygen atom holds a charge of -2/3.
The net charge of nitrate ion is -1, it is quenched by the +1 charge held by the Ag+ ion through an ionic bond in AgNO3.
The structure of the nitrate ion is stabilized due to resonance.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SILVER NITRATE:
Silver nitrate is commonly used to stain protein gels for identification of proteins as it binds to selective amino acid residues under weakly acidic or neutral pH conditions, notably to lysine.
Silver Nitrate is also utilized in the staining of nucleic acids and of glycoconjugates in gels.


Silver nitrate is used in the chromatography of lipids, by HPLC and by TLC.
In analytical chemistry, silver nitrate is used for the titrimetric determination of chloride content.
Key Applications of Silver Nitrate: Stain protein gels | Nucleic acids and glycoconjugates | Chromatography of lipids | Titrimetric determination of chloride content.


Silver nitrate is a solid that dissolves in water.
Silver Nitrate is prepared commercially by dissolving elemental silver in dilute nitric acid.
Pesticide products containing silver nitrate as the active ingredient are used in the commercial cut flower industry to prevent premature shrinking or dropping of buds and blooms.


When cut stems are placed in a dilute solution of silver nitrate, the plants are inhibited from making ethylene, a gas that promotes fruit ripening and aging in plants.
Main Applications of Silver Nitrate: Silver powder, Plating of electronic parts, Decoration and other plating, Catalysts, Reagents, Antibacterial agent,

Silver mirrors, and Photosensitive material.
Silver Nitrate's uses vary from silver staining in scanning electron microscopy, coating catheters to prevent infections to confirming the presence in analytical chemistry of chloride, bromide or iodide ions.


Silver Nitrate is used Cauterization of infected tissue around skin wounds, and Removal of warts, skin tags, and granulation tissue.
Silver Nitrate is used cauterization of wounds in mucous membranes including: Small ulcers in the mouth, Infected tonsils, Vaginal or cervical ulcerations and erosions, Rectal fissures and fistulae, Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis, a condition that causes chronic inflammation in the area above the cornea in the eye.


Silver salt can be used as photographic materials, preservatives and catalyst raw materials, and also can be used in silver color dyeing, mirror production, etc.
Silver Nitrate can be used for analysis reagents.


Film film, X-ray photographic film and other photographic emulsions, Silver Nitrate can be used to produce photosensitive materials.
In the field of electronics industry, Silver Nitrate can be used for conductive adhesives, gas purification agents and silvering of electronic components.
The silver material of mirror production and thermal glass lining can also be used for voltage sharing coat and electronic work gloves.


Other craftsmen's silver color can also be used.
The battery industry used it in the production of silver-zinc batteries.
Silver Nitrate can be used as sterilization, corrosive reagent in pharmaceutical field.


Daily chemical industry used Silver Nitrate in the manufacture of dyed hair shampoo.
Silver Nitrate can also be applied to other silver catalyst production.
Silver Nitrate can be used for cyanide-free silver plating, such as thiosulfate silvering, hydrochloric acid silvering, imino ammonium di-sulfonate silvering and sulfosalicylic acid silvering.


Silver Nitrate is also the source of silver ion.
The content of silver nitrate has a certain effect on the conductivity, dispersibility and sedimentation rate of the silver plating solution.
Silver nitrate is also utilized in the staining of nucleic acids and glycoconjugates in gels.


Silver nitrate is a source of silver ions in biological studies, such as in toxicological investigations on yeast and marine animals.
Silver Nitrate has been shown to induce the protein conformational condition of amyloid A amyloidosis in mice.
Silver nitrate also has powerful germicidal activity.


Silver Nitrate is far less sensitive to light than the halides.
Silver Nitrate got its name as hell stone because it darkens the skin. Since Silver Nitrate is easily soluble in water and alcohol, it is used as a primitive substance in obtaining many silver compounds.


Silver Nitrate is most commonly used in photography, inks, hair dye making and silver plating.
Silver Nitrate has many applications in many fields like biology, chemical synthesis, and medicine.
The ability of silver nitrate to form a precipitate of silver halides when treated with halide ions is in use while making photographic films.


Many silver-based explosives are prepared with a precipitation reaction of silver nitrate.
In the field of inorganic chemistry, halides are extracted with the help of silver nitrate.
The branch of chemistry i.e., analytical chemistry uses this reaction to check for the presence of halide anions like iodide, bromide, or chloride ions.


Mixtures of alkenes are separated with the help of silver nitrate as the silver cation binds with alkenes in a reversible fashion.
Silver nitrate serves as an antiseptic in many setups of medical.
Silver nitrate can be in use for the treatment and the removal of unwanted warts in human beings.


Silver Nitrate is often used as a precursor to other silver-containing compounds.
Silver Nitrate is used in making photographic films, and in laboratory setting as a staining agent in protein visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy.


Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula AgNO3.
In its solid form, silver nitrate is coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.
Silver Nitrate is often used as a precursor to other silver-containing compounds.


Silver Nitrate is used in making photographic films, and in laboratory setting as a staining agent in protein visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy.
Silver nitrate is employed in Silver plating, photography, manufacturing of other silver compounds, mirrors, coloring porcelain, and staining in histology.


Silver Nitrate finds use as a stain in scanning electron microscopy, and a key ingredient in several silver-based antiseptic and antibacterial pharmaceutical compositions.
Silver Nitrate is used to separate mixtures of alkenes by selective absorption, and for deprotection and oxidation reactions in organic synthesis.


Silver Nitrate is widely used as an analytical reagent owing to its immediate reaction with halide ions forming insoluble precipitate of silver(I) halides.
Silver nitrate is a medication used for cauterization, which is a process of burning off the skin to stop bleeding or preventing a wound from becoming infected.


Silver Nitrate's also used to remove granulation tissue (pink, lumpy tissue over a healing wound) or warts on the skin.
Silver nitrate comes as an applicator stick that can be applied on the skin or mucous membranes, which is the moist, inner lining of areas like the nose or mouth.


Although silver nitrate doesn't cause many side effects, it can cause chemical burns or stains if not handled properly.
Silver Nitrate is a precursor to many compounds of silver, including the silver compounds used in photography.
When compared to silver halides, which are used in photography due to their sensitivity to light, AgNO3 is quite stable when exposed to light.


Silver nitrate has a wide range of applications in many fields such as biology, chemical synthesis, and medicine.
Silver nitrate is a very versatile compound because the nitrate ion can be replaced by other ligands that can bind to the silver ion.
Due to the ability of Silver Nitrate to form a precipitate of silver halides when treated with halide ions, it is used while making photographic films.


Many silver-based explosives can be prepared with a precipitation reaction of silver nitrate.
In the field of inorganic chemistry, halides are extracted with the help of this compound.
The branch of chemistry known as analytical chemistry uses this reaction to check for the presence of halide anions such as the iodide, bromide, or chloride ions.


Mixtures of alkenes can be separated with the help of this compound since the silver cation binds with alkenes in a reversible fashion.
When diluted with water to a concentration of 0.5%, silver nitrate can serve as an antiseptic in many medical setups.
A diluted solution of Silver Nitrate can be administered to the eyes of a baby which is born to a mother suffering from gonorrhea, which combats the gonorrhoea bacteria and protects the baby from the onset of blindness.


Silver Nitrate is also known to be used for the treatment and the removal of unwanted warts in human beings.
Silver Nitrate is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Silver Nitrate is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: human hygiene, disinfection, veterinary hygiene, food and animals feeds, drinking water, preservation of fibres, leather, rubber, or polymers, preservation for liquid systems.


Release to the environment of Silver Nitrate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), manufacturing of the substance and in the production of articles.
Other release to the environment of Silver Nitrate is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Silver Nitrate can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).
Silver Nitrate is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, photo-chemicals, adhesives and sealants, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, heat transfer fluids, inks and toners, metal working fluids, paper chemicals and dyes, perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes, water softeners, water treatment chemicals and welding & soldering products.


Silver Nitrate is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.
Silver Nitrate is used for the manufacture of: pulp, paper and paper products and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Silver Nitrate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Other release to the environment of Silver Nitrate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners).
Silver Nitrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.


Release to the environment of Silver Nitrate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Silver Nitrate is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
Silver Nitrate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Silver Nitrate is used in the following areas: health services, scientific research and development, building & construction work and municipal supply (e.g. electricity, steam, gas, water) and sewage treatment.
Silver Nitrate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement), electrical, electronic and optical equipment, textile, leather or fur and pulp, paper and paper products.


Release to the environment of Silver Nitrate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Silver Nitrate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Other silver salts with non-coordinating anions, namely silver tetrafluoroborate and silver hexafluorophosphate are used for more demanding applications.


Similarly, this reaction is used in analytical chemistry to confirm the presence of chloride, bromide, or iodide ions.
Samples are typically acidified with dilute nitric acid to remove interfering ions, e.g. carbonate ions and sulfide ions.
This step avoids confusion of silver sulfide or silver carbonate precipitates with that of silver halides.


The color of precipitate varies with the halide: white (silver chloride), pale yellow/cream (silver bromide), yellow (silver iodide).
AgBr and especially AgI photo-decompose to the metal, as evidence by a grayish color on exposed samples.
The same reaction was used on steamships in order to determine whether or not boiler feedwater had been contaminated with seawater.


Silver Nitrate is still used to determine if moisture on formerly dry cargo is a result of condensation from humid air, or from seawater leaking through the hull.
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula AgNO3.


In its solid form, silver nitrate is coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.
Silver Nitrate is often used as a precursor to other silver-containing compounds.
Silver Nitrate is used in making photographic films, and in laboratory setting as a staining agent in protein visualization in PAGE gels and in scanning electron microscopy.


Silver nitrate can potentially be used as a cauterizing or sclerosing agent.
In analytical chemistry, aqueous solutions of silver nitrate are used in the volumetric determination of halides, cyanides, and thiocyanates, as well as for the detection of reducing agents and of the cations of various acids that form insoluble silver salts.


Silver Nitrate is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography, and is commonly used in inorganic chemistry to abstract halides.
Silver nitrate is also used in organic synthesis and for silver staining of proteins and nucleic acids, such as in PAGE gels and scanning electron microscopy.


Silver is a metallic element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47.
It occurs naturally in its pure, free form, as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
Nitrite is a toxic compound known to cause methemoglobinemia.


Silver Nitrate is a silver salt with powerful germicidal activity.
Silver Nitrate has been used topically to prevent OPHTHALMIA NEONATORUM.
Applied to the skin and mucous membranes, silver nitrate is used either in stick form as lunar caustic (or caustic pencil) or in solutions of 0.01 percent to 10 percent silver nitrate in water.


The stick is used for removing warts and granulation tissue and for cauterizing wounds and ulcerations.
Very dilute solutions are astringent and mildly antiseptic.
A 1 percent or 2 percent solution is effective against gonococcal bacteria and may be applied to the eyes of newborn infants to ensure against blindness from gonorrhea.


-Silver nitrate solution is used topically as an anti-infective agent to:
*Cauterize infected wound tissue, a procedure that destroys the infected cells on wounds
*Remove warts and excess granulation tissue, a type of tissue with new blood vessels that forms in wound repair phase
*Silver nitrate can protect wounds from bacterial infection and inhibit the growth of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, the two main classifications of bacteria based on their structure.
*Silver ions react with the bacterial proteins and alter the structure of the bacterial cell wall and membrane, killing them in the process.
*Silver ions coagulate the proteins in the wound tissue forming a layer of dead tissue (eschar), which stops bleeding, facilitates wound closure and healing, and also prevents the penetration of silver nitrate into deeper tissue.


-Indelible ink uses of Silver Nitrate:
Silver nitrate produces long-lasting stain when applied to skin.
An electoral stain makes use of this to mark a finger of people who have voted in an election, allowing easy identification to prevent double-voting.


-Medicine uses of Silver Nitrate:
Silver salts have antiseptic properties.
In 1881 Credé introduced the use of dilute solutions of Silver Nitrate in newborn babies' eyes at birth to prevent contraction of gonorrhea from the mother, which could cause blindness.

Fused silver nitrate, shaped into sticks, was traditionally called "lunar caustic".
Silver Nitrate is used as a cauterizing agent, for example to remove granulation tissue around a stoma.
General Sir James Abbott noted in his journals that in India in 1827 Silver Nitrate was infused by a British surgeon into wounds in his arm resulting from the bite of a mad dog to cauterize the wounds and prevent the onset of rabies.

Silver nitrate is used to cauterize superficial blood vessels in the nose to help prevent nose bleeds.
Dentists sometimes use silver nitrate-infused swabs to heal oral ulcers.
Silver nitrate is used by some podiatrists to kill cells located in the nail bed.

The Canadian physician C. A. Douglas Ringrose researched the use of silver nitrate for sterilization procedures, believing that silver nitrate could be used to block and corrode the fallopian tubes.
The technique was ineffective.


-Disinfection uses of Silver Nitrate:
Much research has been done in evaluating the ability of the silver ion at inactivating Escherichia coli, a microorganism commonly used as an indicator for fecal contamination and as a surrogate for pathogens in drinking water treatment.

Concentrations of silver nitrate evaluated in inactivation experiments range from 10–200 micrograms per liter as Ag+.
Silver's antimicrobial activity saw many applications prior to the discovery of modern antibiotics, when it fell into near disuse.
Its association with argyria made consumers wary and led them to turn away from Silver Nitrate when given an alternative.


-Against warts uses of Silver Nitrate:
Repeated daily application of silver nitrate can induce adequate destruction of cutaneous warts, but occasionally pigmented scars may develop.
In a placebo-controlled study of 70 patients, silver nitrate given over nine days resulted in clearance of all warts in 43% and improvement in warts in 26% one month after treatment compared to 11% and 14%, respectively, in the placebo group.



PRECURSOR TO OTHER SILVER COMPOUNDS:
Silver nitrate is the least expensive salt of silver; it offers several other advantages as well.
It is non-hygroscopic, in contrast to silver fluoroborate and silver perchlorate.
In addition, Silver Nitrate is relatively stable to light, and it dissolves in numerous solvents, including water.

The nitrate can be easily replaced by other ligands, rendering AgNO3 versatile.
Treatment with solutions of halide ions gives a precipitate of AgX (X = Cl, Br, I).
When making photographic film, silver nitrate is treated with halide salts of sodium or potassium to form insoluble silver halide in situ in photographic gelatin, which is then applied to strips of tri-acetate or polyester.

Similarly, silver nitrate is used to prepare some silver-based explosives, such as the fulminate, azide, or acetylide, through a precipitation reaction.
Treatment of silver nitrate with base gives dark grey silver oxide:
2 AgNO3 + 2 NaOH → Ag2O + 2 NaNO3 + H2O



PROPERTIES OF SILVER NITRATE:
*Colorless or white crystalline
*Very soluble in water
*Not very soluble in ethyl ether



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER NITRATE:
The molar mass of silver nitrate is 169.872 grams per mole.
Silver nitrate is colourless and odourless.
In its solid state, the density of silver nitrate is 4.35 grams per cubic centimetre.
The density of silver nitrate in the liquid state at a temperature of 210oC is 3.97 g/cm3.

The melting and boiling points of silver nitrate are 482.8 K and 713 K respectively.
Silver nitrate, like other ionic compounds, dissolves readily in water. The solubility of silver nitrate in water corresponds to 122g/100mL at 0oC and 256g/100mL at a temperature of 25oC.
The crystal structure of the silver nitrate is orthorhombic.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER NITRATE:
The reaction of silver nitrate and ethanol is highly explosive.
Silver present in silver nitrate is displaced by copper, which forms copper nitrate.
The chemical equation for this reaction is;
2AgNO3+Cu→Cu(NO3)2+2Ag
When silver nitrate is heated to 440oC, it completely decomposes to give oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, and silver.



PREPARATION OF SILVER NITRATE:
Silver nitrate can be prepared by reacting silver, such as silver ingots or silver foil, with nitric acid, resulting in oxides of silver nitrate, water, and nitrogen.

Reaction byproducts depend on the concentration of nitric acid used.
3 Ag + 4 HNO 3 (cold and dilute) → 3 AgNO 3 + 2 H 2 O + NONE
Ag + 2 HNO 3 (hot and condensed) → AgNO 3 + H 2 O + NO 2

A typical reaction with silver nitrate is suspending a copper rod in a silver nitrate solution and leaving it for several hours.
Silver nitrate reacts with copper to form hairy silver metal crystals and a blue copper nitrate solution:
2 iodine 3 + Cu → Cu (NO 3 ) 2 + 2 Ag

Silver nitrate decomposes when heated:
2 iodine 3 2 Ag (s) + → (I) O 2 (g) + 2 NO 2 (g)
Most metal nitrates thermally decompose to the corresponding oxides, but silver oxide decomposes at lower temperature than silver nitrate, so decomposition of silver nitrate yields elemental silver instead.



SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE OF SILVER NITRATE:
Albertus Magnus, in the 13th century, documented the ability of nitric acid to separate gold and silver by dissolving the silver.
Indeed silver nitrate can be prepared by dissolving silver in nitric acid followed by evaporation of the solution.

The stoichiometry of the reaction depends upon the concentration of nitric acid used.
3 Ag + 4 HNO3 (cold and diluted) → 3 AgNO3 + 2 H2O + NO
Ag + 2 HNO3 (hot and concentrated) → AgNO3 + H2O + NO2
The structure of silver nitrate has been examined by X-ray crystallography several times.

In the common orthorhombic form stable at ordinary temperature and pressure, the silver atoms form pairs with Ag---Ag contacts of 3.227 Å.
Each Ag+ center is bonded to six oxygen centers of both uni- and bidentate nitrate ligands.
The Ag-O distances range from 2.384 to 2.702 Å.
Silver coordination environment in the crystal structure of silver nitrate



REACTIONS OF SILVER NITRATE:
A typical reaction with silver nitrate is to suspend a rod of copper in a solution of silver nitrate and leave it for a few hours.
The silver nitrate reacts with copper to form hairlike crystals of silver metal and a blue solution of copper nitrate:
2 AgNO3 + Cu → Cu(NO3)2 + 2 Ag

Silver nitrate decomposes when heated:
2 AgNO3(l) → 2 Ag(s) + O2(g) + 2 NO2(g)

Qualitatively, decomposition is negligible below the melting point, but becomes appreciable around 250 °C and fully decomposes at 440 °C.
Most metal nitrates thermally decompose to the respective oxides, but silver oxide decomposes at a lower temperature than silver nitrate, so the decomposition of silver nitrate yields elemental silver instead.



ORGANIC SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NITRATE:
Silver nitrate is used in many ways in organic synthesis, e.g. for deprotection and oxidation.
Ag+ binds alkenes reversibly, and silver nitrate has been used to separate mixtures of alkenes by selective absorption.
The resulting adduct can be decomposed with ammonia to release the free alkene.
Silver nitrate is highly soluble in water but is poorly soluble in most organic solvents, except acetonitrile (111.8 g/100 g, 25 °C).



BIOLOGY OF SILVER NITRATE:
In histology, silver nitrate is used for silver staining, for demonstrating reticular fibers, proteins and nucleic acids.
For this reason Silver Nitrate is also used to demonstrate proteins in PAGE gels.
Silver Nitrate can be used as a stain in scanning electron microscopy.



STRUCTURE OF SILVER NITRATE:
An illustration describing the structure of the silver nitrate molecule is provided below.
Silver Nitrate can be observed that silver has an oxidation number of +1 in this compound.
The nitrate ion described above consists of one nitrogen atom which is surrounded by three oxygen atoms.

The nitrogen-oxygen bonds in this ion are similar to each other.
The formal charge assigned to the nitrogen atom is -1, whereas each oxygen atom holds a charge of -⅔.
The net charge associated with the nitrate ion is -1, which is quenched by the +1 charge held by the Ag+ ion via an ionic bond in AgNO3.
Silver Nitrate can be noted that the structure of the nitrate ion is stabilized by resonance.



PROPERTIES OF SILVER NITRATE:
Some important physical and chemical properties of silver nitrate are listed in this subsection.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER NITRATE:
The molar mass of silver nitrate is 169.872 grams per mole.
Silver Nitrate has a colourless appearance in its solid-state and is odourless.

In its solid state, Silver Nitrate has a density of 4.35 grams per cubic centimetre.
Silver Nitrate's density in the liquid state at a temperature of 210 oC corresponds to 3.97 g/cm3.
The melting and boiling points of silver nitrate are 482.8 K and 713 K respectively.

However, Silver Nitrate tends to decompose at temperatures approaching its boiling point.
Silver Nitrate, like most ionic compounds, dissolves readily in water. Its solubility in water corresponds to 122 g /100mL at 0 oC and 256g / 100mL at a temperature of 25 o
The crystal structure of Silver Nitrate is orthorhombic.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER NITRATE:
The hazards of Silver Nitrate include its toxic and corrosive nature.
The reaction between silver nitrate and ethanol is explosive.

The silver present in the silver nitrate compound is displaced by copper, which forms copper nitrate.
The chemical equation for this reaction is given by 2AgNO3 + Cu → Cu(NO3)2 + 2Ag
When heated to 440 oC, this compound completely decomposes to give oxygen, nitrogen dioxide, and silver.

Silver nitrate on decomposition gives silver, oxygen gas and nitrite.
It can be noted that even though metal nitrates generally decompose to yield metal oxides, the decomposition reaction of silver nitrate gives rise to elemental silver because silver oxide decomposes at an even lower temperature than AgNO3.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SILVER NITRATE:
Chemical formula: AgNO3
Molar mass: 169.872 g·mol−1
Appearance: colorless solid
Odor: Odorless
Density: 4.35 g/cm3 (24 °C)
3.97 g/cm3 (210 °C)
Melting point: 209.7 °C (409.5 °F; 482.8 K)
Boiling point: 440 °C (824 °F; 713 K)
decomposes
Solubility in water: 122 g/100 mL (0 °C)
170 g/100 mL (10 °C)
256 g/100 mL (25 °C)
373 g/100 mL (40 °C)
912 g/100 mL (100 °C)

Solubility: Soluble in acetone, ammonia, ether, glycerol
Solubility in acetic acid: 0.776 g/kg (30 °C)
1.244 g/kg (40 °C)
5.503 g/kg (93 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 0.35 g/100 g (14 °C)
0.44 g/100 g (18 °C)
Solubility in benzene: 0.22 g/kg (35 °C)
0.44 g/kg (40.5 °C)
Solubility in ethanol: 3.1 g/100 g (19 °C)
Solubility in ethyl acetate: 2.7 g/100 g (20 °C)
log P: 0.19
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −45.7·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.744

Viscosity: 3.77 cP (244 °C)
3.04 cP (275 °C)
Structure:
Crystal structure: Orthorhombic, oP56
Space group: P212121, No. 19
Point group: 222
Lattice constant:
a = 6.992(2) Å,
b = 7.335(2) Å,
c = 10.125(2) Å
α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90°

Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C): 93.1 J/mol·K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 140.9 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −124.4 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): −33.4 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 169.873 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 168.89291 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 168.89291 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 62.9Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: solid
Color: colorless
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 212 °C - dec.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 440 °C - Decomposes on heating.

Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 4,350 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available

Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: The substance or mixture is classified as oxidizing with the category 2.
Other safety information: No data available
CAS number: 7761-88-8
EC index number: 047-001-00-2
EC number: 231-853-9
Hill Formula: AgNO₃
Chemical formula: AgNO₃
Molar Mass: 169.88 g/mol
HS Code: 2843 21 00
Boiling point: 444 °C (1013 hPa) (decomposition)
Density: 4.350 g/cm3
Melting Point: 212 °C

pH value: 5.4 - 6.4 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Bulk density: 2350 kg/m3
Solubility: 2160 g/l
Synonyms: Citric acid trisilver salt
IUPAC Name: trisilver 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
Molecular Weight: 512.7
Molecular Formula: C6H5Ag3O7
InChI Key: QUTYHQJYVDNJJA-UHFFFAOYSA-K
Boiling Point: 309.6ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 155.2ºC
Exact Mass: 295.90900
H-Bond Acceptor: 7
H-Bond Donor: 1



FIRST AID MEASURES of SILVER NITRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation: fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SILVER NITRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SILVER NITRATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SILVER NITRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P3
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SILVER NITRATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Do not store near combustible materials.
Light sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SILVER NITRATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SILVER OXIDE
SILVER SULFATE, N° CAS : 10294-26-5. Nom INCI : SILVER SULFATE. Nom chimique : Disilver(1+) sulphate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 233-653-7. Classification : Sulfate. Ses fonctions (INCI), Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes
SILVER SULFATE
CALCIUM SILICATE, N° CAS : 1344-95-2 - Silicate de calcium, Nom INCI : CALCIUM SILICATE, Nom chimique : Silicic acid, calcium salt, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-710-8, Additif alimentaire : E552, Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules, Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques, Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques, Agent nacrant : Donne une apparence nacrée aux cosmétiques, Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
SIPERNAT 22 S
SIPERNAT 22 S is composed of synthetic amorphous silica, which is a form of SIPERNAT 22 S (SiO2).
SIPERNAT 22 S is one of the most important and abundant oxides on earth, constituting about 60% weight of the earth’s crust as silica itself or in combination with other metal oxides in silicates.

CAS Number: 7631-86-9
Molecular Formula: O2Si
Molecular weight: 60.08
EINECS: 231-545-4

SIPERNAT 22 S occurs almost everywhere on earth.
SIPERNAT 22 S commonly is found as sand in the vast ocean and river shores, their beds, deserts, rocks, and minerals.

SIPERNAT 22 S exists in several structural forms: polymorphic crystalline silica, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica.
This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for specialized applications.

SIPERNAT 22 S is produced through a precipitation process that results in fine, white powder particles with a high surface area.
SIPERNAT 22 S represents a specific product range of precipitated silica, aluminum, and calcium silicates.
SIPERNAT 22 S is silica with a high absorption capacity used as a flow and anticaking agent in many applications as well as a special-purpose ingredient for mechanical graphics papers.

In plant protection, SIPERNAT 22 S is recommended as a carrier in solid formulations such as wettable powders (WP) and water-dispersible granules (WG) if grinding is to be avoided.
Sipernat 22 S is a silica with a high absorption capacity.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a flow and anticaking agent.

SIPERNAT 22 S ensures porosity in polyethylene separators for acid/lead batteries.
SIPERNAT 22 S exhibits very low electrical resistance.
The specific particle size and structure of SIPERNAT 22 S may vary based on the manufacturing process and intended application.

SIPERNAT 22 S has a high surface area and a porous structure, which contributes to its performance-enhancing properties in various applications.
SIPERNAT 22 S food grade is a precipitated silica that generates good flowability into a mixed product.

When powdered ingredients are added to either wet or dry mixes, the possibility exists that too little or too much of the powder will end up within any given sample.
By adding SIPERNAT 22 S to nutritional supplements, your product will combine properly with the same ingredients in every bite, sip, or tablet.

Melting point: >1600 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
refractive index: 1.46
Flash point: 2230°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid. It dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
form: suspension
pka: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
Specific: Gravity 2.2
color: White to yellow
PH: 5-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 6: forms irreversible hydrate
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8493

SIPERNAT 22 S is manufactured to high purity standards to ensure consistent quality and performance in various applications.
The production process involves strict quality control measures to meet specific particle size distribution and other technical specifications.
In some cases, SIPERNAT 22 S may undergo surface treatment or be available in different grades to suit specific applications.

Surface treatments can modify the surface chemistry of the SIPERNAT 22 S particles, enhancing their compatibility with certain matrices or polymers.
SIPERNAT 22 S is compatible with a wide range of materials, including elastomers, plastics, resins, adhesives, and various liquid systems.
SIPERNAT 22 Ss versatility allows it to be incorporated into different formulations without causing significant adverse effects.

As a synthetic amorphous silica, SIPERNAT 22 S is considered relatively environmentally friendly.
It does not contain hazardous substances such as heavy metals, making it a safer alternative compared to some other fillers or additives.
Manufacturers of SIPERNAT 22 S adhere to relevant regulations and guidelines governing the use of silica in different industries, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for food-contact applications.

Companies that produce SIPERNAT 22 S often offer technical support to their customers, including guidance on product selection, application-specific recommendations, and problem-solving assistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S is typically available in various packaging options, including bags, drums, or bulk quantities, depending on the needs of the customer.

In addition to its industrial uses, SIPERNAT 22 S may also be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skincare items.
It is often used to provide texture, absorb excess oils, and improve the performance of various formulations.
SIPERNAT 22 S is a finely milled, hydrophilic silica.

SIPERNAT 22 S is primarily used as a free-flow agent in other applications.
SIPERNAT 22 S can also be used in-situ hydrophobized in defoamers.
The use of an alkaline catalyst is recommended.

SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds, improving tear resistance, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S can be used as a filler in plastics to enhance their mechanical properties and reduce production costs.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be added to adhesives and sealants to improve their thixotropic behavior and control viscosity.
SIPERNAT 22 S can be used in paints and coatings to provide anti-blocking properties and improve flow characteristics.
In these industries, SIPERNAT 22 S may be used as an anti-caking agent in powdered products to prevent clumping.

SIPERNAT 22 S is often used as a thickening agent or rheology modifier in different liquid systems, such as coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
SIPERNAT 22 S can help control viscosity and prevent sagging or settling of suspended particles.

In rubber compounds, SIPERNAT 22 S acts as a reinforcing filler, improving the mechanical properties of the rubber, including tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.
In food and pharmaceutical applications, it serves as an anti-caking agent, preventing powdered products from forming clumps and maintaining free-flowing characteristics.

In coatings and paints, SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a matting agent, providing a matte or low-gloss finish.
Its high surface area and porous structure make SIPERNAT 22 S useful for applications where absorption or adsorption properties are needed, such as in certain catalysts or desiccants.

Uses
SIPERNAT 22 S is also known as silicone dioxide.
SIPERNAT 22 S has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency.
It can also function as an abrasive.

SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel.
SIPERNAT 22 S is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight.
A typical claim associated with silica is oil control.

SIPERNAT 22 S is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations.
It has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds.

SIPERNAT 22 S enhances the mechanical properties of rubber products, such as tires, conveyor belts, gaskets, and seals, by improving tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S is employed as a filler in plastics to improve their mechanical strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability.
SIPERNAT 22 S can reduce production costs and provide additional benefits in plastic products such as automotive components, packaging materials, and consumer goods.

SIPERNAT 22 S acts as a matting agent in coatings and paints, providing a matte or low-gloss finish.
It is also used to control rheology, improve flow properties, and prevent sagging or settling of pigments in liquid coatings.
In adhesives and sealants, SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a rheology modifier to control viscosity and improve thixotropic behavior.

SIPERNAT 22 S functions as an anti-caking agent in powdered food products and pharmaceutical formulations.
It prevents clumping and improves the flowability of powders, ensuring a better user experience and product stability.
In cosmetics and personal care products, SIPERNAT 22 S is utilized as a texturizing agent and oil absorber.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be found in products such as powders, creams, lotions, and makeup formulations.
Due to its high surface area and porosity, SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a carrier material in catalyst formulations and as a desiccant to absorb moisture.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used in agriculture as an inert carrier for the delivery of active ingredients, such as in pesticide formulations.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be employed as a flow aid and anti-caking agent in foundry applications, ensuring smooth and consistent pouring of molds.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a flow and anticaking agent in many applications as well as a special-purpose ingredient for mechanical graphics papers.
In plant protection, this product is recommended as a carrier in solid formulations such as wettable powders (WP) and water-dispersible granules (WG) if grinding is to be avoided

SIPERNAT 22 S is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur).
This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes.
They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings.

SIPERNAT 22 S, amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed.
Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications.
Synthetic SIPERNAT 22 Ss are used as a rheology control agent in plastics.

SIPERNAT 22 S is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a performance additive in inks and toners for various printing applications.
It helps improve the flow properties of the ink, leading to better print quality and reduced clogging in printing equipment.

In powder coatings, SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a flow aid, improving the powder's handling and application characteristics.
SIPERNAT 22 S is sometimes used in the production of battery separator films.
These films are critical components in lithium-ion batteries, and the addition of silica can enhance their mechanical properties and thermal stability.

In some cleaning agents, SIPERNAT 22 S is utilized as a thickening agent to improve their texture and flow properties.
In the foundry industry, SIPERNAT 22 S can be added to resin-bonded molds and cores to enhance their strength and improve dimensional accuracy during casting processes.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used in plastic film applications as an anti-blocking agent.

SIPERNAT 22 S helps prevent the adhesion of film surfaces, reducing blocking during storage and handling.
SIPERNAT 22 S is incorporated into masterbatches, which are concentrated mixtures of pigments, additives, and resins used for coloration or enhancing properties in rubber and plastic processing.

In powdered food and beverage applications, SIPERNAT 22 S acts as an anti-caking and flow aid agent, ensuring proper dispersion and handling of the powdered products.
SIPERNAT 22 S can serve as a precursor in the production of silica gel, a widely used desiccant in various applications, including moisture control in packaging, electronics, and storage of sensitive items.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be used as a functional filler in abrasive products, improving their performance and durability.
SIPERNAT 22 S is sometimes used in the production of construction materials, such as sealants and caulks, to enhance their properties and performance.

Safety Profile
The pure unaltered form is considered a nuisance dust.
Some SIPERNAT 22 S contain small amounts of crystahne quartz and are therefore fibrogenic.
When SIPERNAT 22 S earth is calcined (with or without fluxing agents) some sdica is converted to cristobalite and is therefore fibrogenic.
Tridymite has never been detected in calcined batomaceous earth.

Dust Inhalation
Prolonged and excessive inhalation of fine SIPERNAT 22 S dust may lead to respiratory irritation or lung issues, particularly if adequate ventilation is not provided during handling or if the material is used in processes generating airborne dust.

Skin Irritation
Direct contact with SIPERNAT 22 S may cause skin irritation, especially in individuals with sensitive skin.
Prolonged contact should be avoided, and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when handling the material.

Eye Irritation
Accidental contact with SIPERNAT 22 S may cause eye irritation.
Safety goggles or protective eyewear should be worn when working with the material to prevent eye exposure.

Slip Hazards
Spilled SIPERNAT 22 S may create slippery surfaces, potentially leading to slip and fall accidents.
Promptly clean up any spills and ensure proper housekeeping practices are in place.
SIPERNAT 22 S is not combustible, but it is a fine powder that can disperse in the air and create a dust cloud, which could become flammable if exposed to an ignition source.

Synonyms
SIPERNAT 22 S
Silica
Dioxosilane
Quartz
7631-86-9
Cristobalite
Silicic anhydride
Tridymite
14808-60-7
Sand
112945-52-5
61790-53-2
KIESELGUHR
Aerosil
Silicon(IV) oxide
112926-00-8
Wessalon
Diatomaceous silica
Zorbax sil
Crystalline silica
Silica, amorphous
60676-86-0
Dicalite
Glass
Ludox
Nyacol
14464-46-1
Amorphous silica
QUARTZ (SIO2)
Cab-O-sil
Christensenite
Crystoballite
Sillikolloid
Extrusil
Santocel
Sipernat
Superfloss
Acticel
Carplex
Celite
Neosil
Neosyl
Porasil
Silikil
Siloxid
Zipax
Aerosil-degussa
Silicon oxide
Aerosil 380
Synthetic amorphous silica
White carbon
Quartz sand
Silica particles
Cab-o-sil M-5
Cristobalite (SiO2)
Vulkasil S
Snowtex O
Corasil II
Calcined diatomite
Silica, colloidal
Tokusil TPLM
Dri-Die
SILICA, VITREOUS
Cabosil st-1
Manosil vn 3
Ultrasil VH 3
Ultrasil VN 3
Aerosil bs-50
Carplex 30
Carplex 80
Snowtex 30
Zeofree 80
Aerosil K 7
Cabosil N 5
Syton 2X
Amorphous silica gel
Positive sol 232
91053-39-3
Siliziumdioxid
Aerogel 200
Aerosil 300
Amethyst
Aquafil
Cataloid
Chalcedony
Crysvarl
Diatomite
Flintshot
Ludox hs 40
Nalcoag
Novaculite
Silanox 101
Silica (SiO2)
Silikill
Vitasil 220
Vulkasil
Cherts
Snowit
Agate
Flint
Imsil
Metacristobalite
Positive sol 130M
Silica vitreous
Onyx
SIPERNAT 22 S (amorphous)
Aerosil A 300
Aerosil E 300
Aerosil M-300
alpha-Quartz
colloidal silica
Fossil flour
Fumed silica
Fused silica
Quartz dust
Quartz glass
Quartz silica
Rock crystal
Rose quartz
Silica dust
Silica slurry
Chromosorb P
SIPERNAT 22 S, fumed
Silicone dioxide
Tiger-eye
Caswell No. 734A
Nalfloc N 1050
Quso 51
Celite superfloss
Cristobalite dust
Silica, amorphous fused
Silver bond B
alpha-Cristobalite
alpha-Crystobalite
Cab-O-sperse
Colloidal SIPERNAT 22 S
Nalco 1050
Quso G 30
Gold bond R
Hydrophobic silica 2482
Kieselsaeureanhydrid
Sil-Co-Sil
Tridymite 118
Cab-O-grip II
Min-U-Sil
Siderite (SiO2)
Tridimite [French]
HI-Sil
15468-32-3
68855-54-9
Amorphous silica dust
Nyacol 830
Sibelite M 3000
Sibelite M 4000
Sibelite M 6000
SiO2
Quazo puro [Italian]
Sicron F 300
Sikron F 100
Spectrosil
Accusand
CCRIS 3699
Coesite
Fuselex
Nalcast
Nyacol 1430
Optocil
Quartzine
Quarzsand
Rancosil
Suprasil
Tridimite
Siltex
Silica aerogel
Tridymite dust
Vitreous quartz
Vitreous silica
W 12 (Filler)
beta-Quartz
Fused quartz
MIN-U-sil alpha quartz
Quartz-beta
(SiO2)n
Amorphous quartz
Dri-Die insecticide 67
Quazo puro
Vitrified silica
Silica, amorphous, fumed
Pyrogenic colloidal silica
UNII-ETJ7Z6XBU4
Silica, fumed
Silica, fused
Suprasil W
Vitreosil IR
ETJ7Z6XBU4
Borsil P
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous
Silane, dioxo-
Crystallized SIPERNAT 22 S
Optocil (quartz)
Silica 2482, hydrophobic
SIPERNAT 22 S, chemically prepared
CP-SilicaPLOT
EINECS 231-545-4
Silicon oxide, di- (sand)
CAB-O-SIL N-70TS
HK 400
Sand, Sea
Silica Gel, 40-63 Micron Particles
Quarzsand [German]
S-Col
Admafine SO 25H
Admafine SO 25R
Admafine SO 32H
Admafine SO-C 2
Admafine SO-C 3
Cristobalite asbestos
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605
Keatite (SiO2)
Kieselguhr, calcined
Sg-67
Tridymite (SiO2)
CI 7811
Fumed silica, crystalline-free
ED-C (silica)
Fuselex ZA 30
Stishovite (SiO2)
CCRIS 2475
DQ12
As 1 (silica)
Fumed synthetic amorphous silica
Silica, crystalline - tridymite
99439-28-8
Agate (SiO2)
FB 5 (silica)
Fuselex RD 120
CHEBI:30563
Corning 7940
Microcrystalline quartz
AI3-25549
Denka F 90
Denka FB 30
Denka FB 44
Denka FB 74
Denka FS 30
Dri-Die 67
Synthetic amorphous silica, fumed
Cryptocrystalline quartz
FB 20 (silica)
WGL 300
Elsil 100
F 44 (filler)
D & D
SF 35
Elsil BF 100
N1030
U 333
F 125 (silica)
F 160 (silica)
Fuselex RD 40-60
Silica, amorphous, fused
EINECS 238-455-4
EINECS 238-878-4
EINECS 239-487-1
Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh
43-63C
TGL 16319
Silica, crystalline quartz
SIPERNAT 22 S, colloidal
15723-40-7
SIPERNAT 22 S (vitreous)
ENT 25,550
Silica, amorphous, fumed, cryst.-free
Silica, crystalline, quartz
Silica, crystalline: quartz
[SiO2]
GP 7I
Precipitated amorphous silica
Silica, crystalline - fused
Silica, crystalline tridymite
Silica, crystalline - quartz
Silicagel
AF-SO 25R
Quartz [Silica, crystalline]
Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica)
Silica, crystalline: tridymite
GP 11I
INS NO.551
RD 8
Silica gel, pptd.,cryst.-free
13778-37-5
13778-38-6
17679-64-0
Silicondioxide
Silica gel desiccant, indicating
Tridymite [Silica, crystalline]
W 006
CRS 1102RD8
Sand, Ottawa
Silica, crystalline: cristobalite
INS-551
EF 10
FS 74
MR 84
Silica, crystalline - cristobalite
Cristobalite [Silica, crystalline]
Amorphous silica: Pyrogenic (fumed)
EINECS 262-373-8
silica gel desiccant
BF 100
EQ 912
MFCD00011232
MFCD00217788
QG 100
RD 120
Silica, amorphous,fumed, cryst.-free
Silica, mesostructured
O2Si
F 44
Y 40
O2-Si
SIMETHICONE COMPONENT SIPERNAT 22 S
E-551
EC 231-545-4
SIPERNAT 22 S COMPONENT OF SIMETHICONE
(SiO2)
SIPERNAT 22 S (II)
SIPERNAT 22 S [II]
92283-58-4
Silicates (<1% crystalline silica):Graphite, natural
Silicon Oxide Hollow Nanospheres
SILICA, AMORPHOUS (IARC)
SILICA, AMORPHOUS [IARC]
Celatom
Silica glass
Dioxide, Silicon
14639-89-5
SGA
Celite 545
Silica gel spherical, 40-75 mum particle size
tripolite
Cristobalita
Kieselglas
Ronasphere
Speriglass
Chromaton
Diatomita
Seesand
Spherica
Tridimita
Cuarzo
Siilca
Zorbax
quartz-glass
silica sand
Silicom dioxide
silica-gel
Fused-silica
pyrogenic silica
Silica,fumed
Chromosorb G
silica-
Fine grain sand
QuarZ
Chromaton N
Greensil K
silica gel white
Calofrig FJ
Silicon di-oxide
Zelec Sil
Armsorb GKhI
Silica Dispersion
SiO2 Nanopowder
Chromosorb P-AW
Silica gel G
Silotrat-1
Kieselsaureanhydrid
Silica, tridymite
SiO2 Nanospheres
Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescent indicator 254 nm
Ludox SM
Celite White Mist
Chromosorb P-NAW
Fossil Flour MBK
Precipitated silica
Silica Microspheres
Chromatron N Super
Sorbosil AC33
Sorbosil AC77
Sorbosil BFG50
Sorbosil TC15
Sand, white quartz
Silica , amorphous
Silica, crystalline
Silica: Crystalline
Quartz (Tridymite)
Silica gel, ASTM
Silica, SiO2
silicon (iv) oxide
Coesite (SiO2)
Methyl3-oxohexanoate
Silica, diatomaceous
Siliceous sand, CP
Sorbosil AC 35
Sorbosil AC 37
Sorbosil AC 39
Chalcedony (SiO2)
Neosil CBT50
Neosil CBT60
Neosil CBT60S
Neosil CBT70
Neosil CT11
Neosil PC10
Neosil PC50S
AEROSIC
Aerosil 200
Aquafil N 81
ARSIL
BIOSILICA
Cuarzo (SiO2)
DALTOSIL
DUROSIL
KOMSIL
MICROSIL
MILOWHITE
MIZUKASIL
NOVAKUP
OSCAL
PHOTOX
PREGEL
REOLOSIL
ROMSIL
SIFLOX
SILEX
SILICAFILM
SILICALITE
SILIPUR
SILMOS
SIONOX
SNOWTEX
Sorbpso; BFG10
SYTON
TOSIL
UNISIL
VERTICURINE
ZEOPAN
Kieselgur, ungebrannt
Wacker HDK H30
Celite 503
Cristobalita (SiO2)
ENTERO TEKNOSAL
Silica amorphous fumed
SOLUM DIATOMEAE
Spheron PL-700
AEROSIL PST
CATALOID SA
CATALOID SN
NALCAST PLW
Quartz (Cristobalite)
SANTOCEL CS
SNOWTEX OXS
SORBSIL MSG
ADELITE A
ELKEM SAND
FINESIL B
FUJIGEL B
FUSELEX X
GAROSIL GB
GAROSIL N
HIMESIL A
NEOSIL XV
NEOSYL GP
NIPSIL AQ
NIPSIL ER
NIPSIL ES
NIPSIL LP
NIPSIL NA
NIPSIL NS
NIPSIL NST
SANTOCEL Z
SIPERNAT 22 S Powder
SILTON AK
SNOWTEX AK
SNOWTEX C
SNOWTEX N
SNOWTEX OL
TOKUSIL GU
TOKUSIL N
TOKUSIL NR
TOKUSIL P
TOKUSIL U
TOKUSIL UR
VULKASIL C
Wacker HDK N 20
Wacker HDK T 30
Wacker HDK V 15
WESSALON S
LUDOX LS
LUDOX TM
NEOSIL A
Sea sand, acid washed
Silica, fumed, powder
SIPERNAT 22 S (NF)
SILTON A
SYTON FM
CRYSTALITE 5V
CRYSTALITE 5X
GLASGRAIN SG-A
IMSIL H
Neosil CL2000
Sand 50-70 mesh
Silica, Anhydrous 31
SILICA, QUARTZ
Spheron L-1500
Spheron N-2000
Spheron P-1000
Spheron P-1500
TOSIL P
Cab-O-Sil EH-5
Cab-O-Sil M-5P
Cab-O-Sil MS55
Celite Hyflo Super Cel
NIPSIL VN3LP
Silica gel, large pore
TOKUSIL GU-N
TOKUSIL GV-N
Wacker HDK N 20P
Wacker HDK N 25P
KAOWOOL RIGIDIZER
CRYSTALITE FM 1
CRYSTALITE NA 1
HYPERSIL 3
HYPERSIL 5
MSP-X
ULTRASIL VN 3SP
C2H6Cl2Si.O2Si
Hollow Silica Nanosphere
MIZUKASIL NP 8
MIZUKASIL SK 7
Silicon Oxide Dispersion
Silicon Oxide Nanopowder
CARPLEX FPS 1
CARPLEX FPS 3
Chromosorb P 60/80
NIPSIL VN 3AQ
SI-O-LITE
SILICA [INCI]
Silica amorphous hydrated
SUPERNAT 22LS
SYLOID SILICA GEL
ULTRASIL VN 2
CARPLEX CS 5
CRYSTALITE CMC 1
S-CO
silica fibers (biogenic)
SILICATE [VANDF]
SIPERNAT 22 S (silica)
SUPERNAT 50S
TOKUSIL AL 1
Celite (R) 545
Crystalline Silica Quartz
Glass (fibrous or dust)
MIZUKASIL P 78A
MIZUKASIL P 78F
Silica gel, ACS reagent
Silica gel, crystal-free
UNII-EU2PSP0G0W
Wacker HDK V 15 P
Celite(R) 512 medium
HYPERSIL 10
Kieselguhr, -325 mesh
NIPSIL VN 3
SAND [INCI]
SANTOCEL 54
SANTOCEL 62
Silica, 99.8%
SILNEX NP 8
SIPERNAT 22
SYLOBLOC 41
SYLOBLOC 44
SYLOBLOC 46
SYLOBLOC 47
ADELITE AT 20A
ADELITE AT 20Q
ADELITE AT 30S
CATALOID HS 40
CATALOID S 20L
CATALOID S 30H
CATALOID S 30L
CATALOID SI 40
HARIMIC SWC 05
MIZUKASIL P 78
SBA-15 Molecular Sieve
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder
SNOWTEX NCS 30
ADELITE 30
ADELITE AT 30
AEROSIL BS 50
AEROSIL FK 60
AEROSIL OX 50
CARPLEX 67
DSSTox_CID_9677
HISILEX EF 10
LUDOX 40HS
NIPSIL SS 50A
S-CO (FILLER)
SIPERNAT 22 S Dispersion
SILTON A 2
SILTON LP 75C
SILTON R 2
SNOWTEX 20
SNOWTEX 40
SUPERNAT 250S
TULLANOX A 50
ZEOTHIX 95
ZORBAX PSM 60
Cab-O-Sil LM-130
silica gel, cryst. -free
AEROSIL 130V
AEROSIL 200V
AEROSIL D 17
CATALOID SI 350
Celite Standard Super Cell
Epitope ID:158537
FINESIL E 50
FINESIL X 37
MIZUKASIL P 526
MIZUKASIL P 527
MIZUKASIL P 801
MIZUKASIL P 802
NEOSYL 81
NIPSIL SS 10
NIPSIL SS 50
PROTEK-SORB 121
REOLOSIL 202
REOLOSIL QS 102
SIDENT 12
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres
SOLEX (M)
SYLODENT 704
SYTON 30X
SYTON W 3
TULLANOX TM 500
ZEOSIL 175MP
ZEOSIL 75
ADELITE AD 321
AEROSIL A 200V
AEROSIL OK 412
AEROSIL TT 600
CAB-O-SIL HS 5
CAB-O-SIL MS 7
CAB-O-SIL ST 1
NALCOAG 2SS374
SILICA, CRISTOBALITE
Wacker HDK P 100 H
ZORBAX PSM 150
ZORBAX PSM 300
ZORBAX PSM 500
AEROSIL 175
AEROSIL 308
AEROSIL 360
CARPLEX 100
Celite(R) 503, CP
Celite(R) 535, CP
Celite(R) 545, CP
DAVISON 951
DENKA FB 90
DENKA FS 44
FLORITE 700
FRANSIL 251
IMSIL 10
KESTREL 600
LUDOX AS 40
LUDOX HS 30
LUDOX RS 40
MIN-U-SIL 5
NIPSIL 300A
SILICA GEL [VANDF]
SYLOX 15
TARANOX 500
UNISIL Q 30
ZEODENT 113
ZEOTHIX 265
AEROSIL A 130
AEROSIL A 175
AEROSIL A 200
AEROSIL A 380
AEROSIL K 315
AEROSIL M 300
AEROSIL R 912
AEROSIL R 960
CAB-O-SIL H 5
CAB-O-SIL L 5
CAB-O-SIL M 5
CAB-O-SIL N 5
FLORITE S 700
FLORITE S 800
LUFILEN E 100
NALCOAG 1034A
Nano SIPERNAT 22 S Powder
NIPSIL B 220A
NIPSIL E 150J
NIPSIL E 150K
NIPSIL E 150V
NIPSIL E 200A
NIPSIL E 220A
SILCRON G 100
SILCRON G 640
Silica gel 40-60Angstoms
TIX-O-SIL 33J
TIX-O-SIL 38A
AROGEN 500
CAB-O-SIL LM 50
Chromosorb P 100/120
DSSTox_RID_78805
EMSAC 460S
EMSAC 465T
IMSIL A 10
IMSIL A 15
IMSIL A 25
NEOSYL 186
NEOSYL 224
NUCLEOSIL 100-5
QUSO WR 55
QUSO WR 82
Respirable crystalline silica
silica gel 60g (type60)
silica gel 60h (type60)
SSA 1
SSK 5
ST 30 (MINERAL)
SYTON W 15
SYTON W 30
SYTON X 30
UNII-2RF6EJ0M85
ZEOSYL 100
ZEOSYL 200
ZORBAX PSM 1000
CAB-O-SIL MS 75D
CAB-O-SIL N 70TS
CARPLEX 1120
CELATOM(R) FW-60
DSSTox_GSID_29677
FILLITE 52/7
IMSIL A 108H
MIN-U-SIL 15
MIN-U-SIL 30
NALCO 2SS374
NALCO CD 100
NALCOAG 1030
NALCOAG 1050
NALCOAG 1060
NALCOAG 1115
NALCOAG 1129
NALCOAG 1140
NIPSIL E 150
NIPSIL E 200
NIPSIL G 300
NIPSIL L 300
NYACOL 2034A
P 2 (SILICA)
Pesticide Code 072605.
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid washed
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid-washed
VITASIL 1500
VITASIL 1600
ZEOSIL 1000V
BS 30 (FILLER)
BS 50 (SILICA)
CAB-M 5
CAB-O-SIL L 90
Diatomaceous earth non-washed
EP 10TP
HKDN 20
NALFLOC N 1030
SILICA GEL [WHO-DD]
Silica, hydrate(8CI,9CI)
Silica, hydrophobic colloidal
Silicon(IV) oxide (SiO2)
Tridimita (SiO2) (9CI)
LO-VEL 24
LO-VEL 27
Silica, fused respirable dust
SIPERNAT 22 S, Precipitated
EXSIL A 300
F 40 (SILICA)
FILLITE 200/7
IATROBEADS 6RS8060
IMSIL A 108
NALCO 1034A
NALCO 84SS258
Silica fibers, 1/4'' long
SIPERNAT 22 S [FCC]
SILICON OXIDE (SIO2)
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous
TIX-O-SIL 375
TS 100 (SILICA)
ZEOSYL 2000
CATALOID OSCAL 1432
Kieselguhr, calcined, purified
Silica gel, CP, blue, beads
Silica, crystalline, tridymite
SIPERNAT 22 S, amorphous gel
SILICA DIMETHYL SILYLATE
Silica Gel 60-100 MESH
Silica, fused, respirable dust
25wt% Silicon Oxide in Water
AW Standard Super-Cel(R) NF
B-6C
C2-H6-Cl2-Si.O2-Si
FK 320DS
HDK-N 20
HDK-S 15
HDK-V 15
HSDB 682
IMSIL 1240
MCM-41
NALCO 1115
NALCO 1129
NALCO 1140
OSCAL 1132
OSCAL 1232
OSCAL 1432
OSCAL 1433
OSCAL 1434
Silica gel, amorphous synthetic
Silica gel, CP, white, beads
SIPUR 1500
SYLOID 244 [VANDF]
ZEO 49
Hyflo(R) Super-Cel(R), CP
SIPERNAT 22 S (SIO2)
SIPERNAT 22 S [VANDF]
CHEMBL3188292
DTXSID1029677
DTXSID6050465
Filter agent, Celite(R) 545
IATROBEADS GRS 80100
Sand, white quartz, CP, beads
silica gel 60gf254(type60)
silica gel 60hf254(type60)
Silicagel 60A 40-63 micron
SILICONE DIOXIDE [VANDF]
AEROSIL S 504BT320
B-CEL 300
Quarz cryst., 0.6-1.3 mm
Silica gel, pptd., cryst.-free
SIPERNAT 22 S, colloidal (NF)
DCF 784
DEP 002
MAS 200
MSS-500
SILICA, AMORPHOUS HYDRATED
Silica, crystalline, cristobalite
SILICA, HYDRATED AMORPHOUS
SIPERNAT 22 S [WHO-DD]
SIPERNAT 22 S, SAJ first grade
TMC 200
XOB 075
Silicagel LC60A 40-63 micron
SYLOID SILICA GEL [VANDF]
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BS 30
BS 50
GP 71
Silica Gel Dessicant (Grade 03)
Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size
SILICA GEL,PPTD.CRYST-FREE
Silica, fused, - Respirable dust
SS 10
ST 30
SX 10
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-14
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-50
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-60
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-80
Silica, amorphous - inhalable dust
Silica, fused [Silica, amorphous]
SIPERNAT 22 S, JIS special grade
Silicon Oxide Mesoporous Nanopowder
AMORPHOUS PRECIPITATED SILICA
AMY37125
Chromosorb(R) G, 80-100 mesh
Silica, hydrophobic colloidal [NF]
2-Mercaptoethyl ethyl sulfide silica
Celite(R) 545 AW, reagent grade
EINECS 271-893-4
NALCO 8455-258
Silica Hollow Nanospheres Dispersion
Silica, amorphous - respirable dust
Silicon(IV) oxide, electronic grade
Tox21_301288
BS 100
BS 120
HK 125
KS 300
KS 380
KS 404
LC3025
LC4005
LC4025
LS-866
MFCD00148266
MFCD00603035
MFCD02100519
MFCD06202255
MFCD07370733
PC 100
Sand, white quartz, CP, crystalline
Silica gel, indicating, 6-16 mesh
TK 900
Chromosorb(R) W/AW, 45-60 mesh
Light anhydrous silicic acid (JP17)
Quarz fine, cryst., 0.4-0.8 mm
Silica gel, 70-200 mesh (TLC)
Silica, fumed, powder, 0.008 mum
AKOS009085429
Colloidal silica, 30% susp. in H2O
Silica gel, spherical, 300 angstroms
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres Properties
CS-O-30773
DB11132
Iron Sulfide (FeS) Sputtering Targets
LS-2422
S 1-45D
Glass spheres, 9-13 mum particle size
s25266
Silica gel, CP, white, medium granules
Silica gel, technical grade, 3-9 mesh
Silica, mesostructured, HMS (wormhole)
NCGC00257531-01
Sand, white quartz, purum p.a., powder
Silica gel orange, granular, 0.2-1 mm
Silica, amorphous, precipitated and gel.
Silica, crystalline (as respirable dust)
SIPERNAT 22 S amorphous fumed silica
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 0.5 micron
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 1.0 micron
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 1.5 micron
SILICONE DIOXIDE COATINGS FOR PET
E551
Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size, medium
Silica gel, technical grade, 6-16 mesh
Silicon oxide powder, 99% Nano, 20 nm
CAS-7631-86-9
Silica gel desiccant, -3+8 mesh granules
Silica gel, 12-24 mesh (liquid drying)
Silica gel, for column chromatography, 60
Silica gel, precipitated, crystalline free
Silica gel, precipitated, crystalline-free
Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline free
Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline-free
(Silica, crystalline (as respirable dust))
Celite(R) 281, filter aid, flux calcined
Celite(R) S, filter aid, dried, untreated
Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh
Dusts containing less than 10% free silica
HY-154739
LS-145280
LS-145284
LS-145287
Silica gel desiccant, -6+12 mesh granules
SIPERNAT 22 S, purum p.a., acid purified
White Silica Gel Beads, 3 mm (2-5 mm)
CS-0694521
F 307
FT-0624621
FT-0645127
FT-0689145
FT-0689270
FT-0696592
FT-0696603
FT-0697331
FT-0697389
FT-0700917
Quartz rod, fused, 2.0mm (0.079in) dia
S 600
S0822
Silica gel, with 1-4 mm moisture indicator
Silica, amorphous, fumed (crystalline free)
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder KH550 processing
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder KH570 processing
Silicon(IV) oxide, 99.0% (metals basis)
SYNTHETIC CRYSTALLINE-FREE SILICA GEL
Celite(R) 110, filter aid, flux calcinated
Celite(R) 512 medium, filter aid, calcined
Chromosorb(R) G/AW-DMCS, 100-120 mesh
Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 120-140 mesh
K-411 Glass microspheres, NIST SRM 2066
SILICA GEL, PRECIPITATED, CRYSTAL-FREE
Silica gel, technical grade 40, 6-12 mesh
Silica, crystalline quartz, - Respirable dust
Silica, crystalline-quartz; (SIPERNAT 22 S)
C18 Silica Gel, Endcapped, 60A, 40-63um
D05839
D06521
D06522
D78143
Sand, white quartz, 50-70 mesh particle size
Silica, crystalline-quartz; (SIPERNAT 22 S)
Silica, mesostructured, MSU-F (cellular foam)
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous Gel, 15% In Water
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous Gel, 40% In Water
Celite(R) 209, filter aid, natural, untreated
Celite(R) Analytical Filter Aid II (CAFA II)
Glass sand, NIST(R) SRM(R) 165a, low iron
Silica gel spherical, 75-200 mum particle size
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 922, -200 mesh
Silica gel, large pore, P.Vol. ca. 1.65cc/g
Silica, Amorphous - Precipitated and gel, Total
Silica, crystalline tridymite, - Respirable dust
Silicon Oxide (Silica, SIPERNAT 22 S, quartz)
Silicon oxide powder, 99.5% Nano, 15-20 nm
D 11-10
Q116269
Sand for sand sieve analysis, NIST(R) RM 8010
Silica gel, GF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, HF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, Type III, Indicating, for desiccation
Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 100 microg/mL in H2O
Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O
Silica, mesostructured, MCM-41 type (hexagonal)
SIPERNAT 22 S, purum p.a., acid purified, sand
Standard Super Cel(R) fine, filter aid, calcined
Celite(R) 500 fine, filter aid, dried, untreated
Collodial Silica in Aqueous Solution (nanoparticles)
Glass sand, NIST(R) SRM(R) 1413, high alumina
J-002874
Sand, white quartz, >=99.995% trace metals basis
Silica gel, large pore, P.V. ca. 1cc/g, 8 mesh
Silica gel, technical grade, 1-3 mm particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, 3-6 mm particle size
Silica gel, with moisture indicator (blue), coarse
Silica, crystalline cristobalite, - Respirable dust
Celpure(R) P65, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 2 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 3 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 4 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 5 mum
Quartz lid for 30ml quartz crucible, fused, ID 48mm
Silica gel 60, 0.060-0.2mm (70-230 mesh)
Silica gel desiccant, indicating, <1% Cobalt chloride
Silica gel, -60-120 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica, Amorphous - Precipitated and gel, Respirable
SIPERNAT 22 S, AMORPHOUS AND HIGHLY DISPERSED
Silicon(IV) oxide, 15% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Silicon(IV) oxide, 30% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Silicon(IV) oxide, 50% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Synthetic-fused silica: Trade Names: Suprasil; TAFQ
Celpure(R) P100, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Celpure(R) P1000, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Celpure(R) P300, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 0.5 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 1.0 mum
Silica Dispersion (SiO2, Aqueous Dispersion, Amorphous)
Silica gel 60, 0.032-0.063mm (230-450 mesh)
Silica gel 60, 0.036-0.071mm (215-400 mesh)
Silica gel 60, 0.040-0.063mm (230-400 mesh)
Silica gel desiccant, indicating, -6+16 mesh granules
Silica gel, with moisture indicator (blue), -6-20 mesh
Silica, mesostructured, MSU-H (large pore 2D hexagonal)
Silica, mesostructured, SBA-15, 99% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S (Silica) Nanodispersion Type A (20nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S (Silica) Nanodispersion Type B (20nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S, -325 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, washed and calcined, analytical reagent
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 85-115m2/g
SYNTHETIC AMORPHOUS SILICA,FUMED,CRYSTALLINE FREE
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (SBA-15 Type)
Chromosorb(R) W, AW-DMCS, 100-120 mesh particle size
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 0.15 mum
Silica gel, high-purity grade (15111), pore size 60 ??
Silica Slurry (SiO2, Purity: 99%, Diameter: 15-20nm)
Silica, mesoporous, 1 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 1 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 2 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 2 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 3 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 3 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica,fumed, hydrophilic, specific surface area 200 m2/g
Silica,fumed, hydrophilic, specific surface area 400 m2/g
SIPERNAT 22 S; synthetic amorphous SIPERNAT 22 S (nano)
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 300-350m?/g
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 350-420m2/g
Amorphous silica: Vitreous silica, quartz glass, fused silica
LUDOX(R) AM colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) CL colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) CL-X colloidal silica, 45 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) LS colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) SM colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TMA colloidal silica, 34 wt. % suspension in H2O
Silica gel orange, with moisture indicator free of heavy metals
Silica gel, high-purity grade, FIA according to DIN 51791
Silica, mesoporous, 0.5 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 0.5 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid washed and calcined, Analytical Reagent
SIPERNAT 22 S, crystalline (fine), coating quality, >=99.9%
Chromosorb(R) P, NAW, 60-80 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, AW, 80-100 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, HP, 60-80 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
LUDOX(R) AS-30 colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) AS-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) HS-30 colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) HS-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TM-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TM-50 colloidal silica, 50 wt. % suspension in H2O
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 22, pore size 60 ??, 60-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 60??, 35-60 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 3 micron APS, 120 angstroms
Silica gel, technical grade (w/ fluorescent indicator), 60 F254
Silica gel, Type H, without binder, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, Type II, 3.5 mm bead size, Suitable for desiccation
Silica, fumed, powder, 0.2-0.3 mum avg. part. size (aggregate)
SIPERNAT 22 S Dispersion (SiO2, Aqueous Dispersion, Amorphous)
SIPERNAT 22 S, for cleaning of platinum crucibles, calcined, crude
SIPERNAT 22 S, fused (pieces), 4 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis
Silicon oxide, catalyst support, high surface area, S.A.250m2/g
Silicon(IV) oxide, 99.5% (metals basis) , -325 Mesh Powder
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (1D-Hexagonal SBA-41 Type)
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (3D-Cubic MCM-48 Type)
Celatom(R), acid-washed, for use in Total Dietary Fiber Assay, TDF-100A
Chromosorb(R) G, HP, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) P, AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, AW, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, HP, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
NBS 28 (silicon and oxygen isotopes in silica sand), NIST(R) RM 8546
Pyrogenic or fumed silica: Trade Names: Aerosil; Cab-O-Sil; HDK; Reolosil
Quartz disc, fused, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 1.59mm (0.06in) thick
Quartz disc, fused, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.13in) thick
Quartz disc, fused, 76.2 (3.0 in) dia x 3.18mm (0.13in) thick
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 25.4x25.4x1.0mm (1.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 50.8x25.4x1.0mm (2.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 76.2x25.4x1.0mm (3.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Silica gel 60, 0.105-0.2mm (70-150 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel, high purity, 90??, 35-70 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7734), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7754), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, >=400 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, 35-70 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 90??, 15-25 mum, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 40 ??, 35-70 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, >=400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 200-425 mesh particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum
Silica Nanoparticles Dispersion (SiO2, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 50-80nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S, ~99%, 0.5 - 10 um (approx. 80% between 1-5 um)
SIPERNAT 22 S, ~99%, 0.5-10 mum (approx. 80% between 1-5 mum)
SIPERNAT 22 S, fused (granular), 4-20 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis
Silicon Oxide Hollow NanospheresSIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres Properties
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Toluene)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Hollow Silica Nanospheres Dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80-100nm)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 20 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 25 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 30 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 20 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 25 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 30 wt.%)
Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescence indicator 254 nm
Silica gel 60, 0.019-0.037mm (400-600 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel 60, 0.062-0.105mm (150-230 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 710, pore size 50-76 ??, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (10180), pore size 40 ??, 70-230 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (9385), pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 12), pore size 22 ??, 28-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 62), pore size 150 ??, 60-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 635), pore size 60 ??, 60-100 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 643), pore size 150 ??, 200-425 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 646), 35-60 mesh, pore size 150 ??
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 923), pore size 30 ??, 100-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 100??, 200-400 mesh, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40??, 230-400 mesh, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 60??, gypsum ~13 %, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 90??, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, for thin layer chromatography, H, without calcium sulfate
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 130-270 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 200-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, 5-15 mum, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 10 micron APS, 60 angstroms
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 7.5 micron APS, 120 angstroms
Silica gel, wide pore, 150 angstroms, -100+200 Mesh, S.A. 350-400m2/g
Silica, crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartzor cristobalite from occupational sources)
Silica, mesoporous MCM-48, 15 mum particle size, pore size 3 nm, Cubic pore morphology
Silica, mesoporous SBA-16, Silica, nanopowder, spec. surface area 175-225 m2/g (BET), 99.8% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, nanopowder, 10-20 nm particle size (BET), 99.5% trace metals basis
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide, 40% in H20, colloidal dispersion, 0.02 Micron Particles
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 105-130m2/g, -325 Mesh
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 105-145m2/g, -325 mesh
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 205-245m2/g, -325 mesh
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Dimethylacetamide)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethyl acetate)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,35 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,45 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: N-Methylpyrrolidone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Cyclohexanone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Ethylene Glycol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Dimethylacetamide)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Ethyl acetate)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Natural-diatomaceous earths: Trade names: Celatom, Celite, Clarcel; Decalite; Fina/Optima; Skamol
Precipitated silica: Trade Names: FK, Hi-Sil, Ketjensil, Neosyl, Nipsil, Sident, Sipernat; Spherosil; Tixosil; Ultrasil
Respirable alpha-quartz, NIST(R) SRM(R) 1878b, quantitative X-ray powder diffraction standard
Silica , crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartzor cristobalite from occupational sources)
Silica gel - technical grade, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 |m particle size, pore size 60+
Silica gel 60, with fluorescent indicator, 0.060-0.2mm (70-230 mesh), -70+230 Mesh Powder, S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel high-purity grade, pore size 60 ?, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 ?m particle size
Silica gel, 30 mum particle size (average), average pore diameter 60 ??, Suitable for normal-phase adsorption-partition chromatography
Silica gel, EMD Millipore, TLC grade (11695), 15 mum, pore size 60 ??, with silica/alumina binder
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7749), with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 633), pore size 60 ??, 200-425 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 636), pore size 60 ??, 35-60 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (puriss), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, HF254, without calcium sulfate, with fluorescent indicator, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 2-25 mum particle size, without binder, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 2-25 mum particle size, without binder, with fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 220-440 mesh particle size, 35-75 mum particle size, for flash chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size, for flash chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 5-25 mum particle size, without binder, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, with ~13% calcium sulfate, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, with ~15% calcium sulfate and fluorescent indicator, GF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 2.2 micron APS, 80 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 470m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 120 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 70 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 500m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC/UHPLC grade, spherical, 1.6 micron APS, 110 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 20 micron APS, 150 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 270m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g
Silica gel, technical grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), 60??, 230-400 mesh particle size, Ca 0.1-0.3 %
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder & fluorescent indicator,12 Micron APS,S.A. 500-600m2/g,60A,pH 6.5-7.5
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder, 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6-7
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, without binder, with fluorescent indic., 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6.5-7.5
Silica gel, TLC high-purity grade, 5-25 mum, pore size 60 ??, with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g
Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, SIPERNAT 22 S, nanopowder (spherical, porous), 5-15 nm particle size (TEM), 99.5% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, single crystal substrate, optical grade, 99.99% trace metals basis, <0001>, L x W x thickness 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,42 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 45 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)SIPERNAT 22 S is composed of synthetic amorphous silica, which is a form of SIPERNAT 22 S (SiO2).
SIPERNAT 22 S is one of the most important and abundant oxides on earth, constituting about 60% weight of the earth’s crust as silica itself or in combination with other metal oxides in silicates.

CAS Number: 7631-86-9
Molecular Formula: O2Si
Molecular weight: 60.08
EINECS: 231-545-4

SIPERNAT 22 S occurs almost everywhere on earth.
SIPERNAT 22 S commonly is found as sand in the vast ocean and river shores, their beds, deserts, rocks, and minerals.

SIPERNAT 22 S exists in several structural forms: polymorphic crystalline silica, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica.
This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for specialized applications.

SIPERNAT 22 S is produced through a precipitation process that results in fine, white powder particles with a high surface area.
SIPERNAT 22 S represents a specific product range of precipitated silica, aluminum, and calcium silicates.
SIPERNAT 22 S is silica with a high absorption capacity used as a flow and anticaking agent in many applications as well as a special-purpose ingredient for mechanical graphics papers.

In plant protection, SIPERNAT 22 S is recommended as a carrier in solid formulations such as wettable powders (WP) and water-dispersible granules (WG) if grinding is to be avoided.
Sipernat 22 S is a silica with a high absorption capacity.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a flow and anticaking agent.

SIPERNAT 22 S ensures porosity in polyethylene separators for acid/lead batteries.
SIPERNAT 22 S exhibits very low electrical resistance.
The specific particle size and structure of SIPERNAT 22 S may vary based on the manufacturing process and intended application.

SIPERNAT 22 S has a high surface area and a porous structure, which contributes to its performance-enhancing properties in various applications.
SIPERNAT 22 S food grade is a precipitated silica that generates good flowability into a mixed product.

When powdered ingredients are added to either wet or dry mixes, the possibility exists that too little or too much of the powder will end up within any given sample.
By adding SIPERNAT 22 S to nutritional supplements, your product will combine properly with the same ingredients in every bite, sip, or tablet.

Melting point: >1600 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
refractive index: 1.46
Flash point: 2230°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid. It dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
form: suspension
pka: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
Specific: Gravity 2.2
color: White to yellow
PH: 5-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 6: forms irreversible hydrate
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8493

SIPERNAT 22 S is manufactured to high purity standards to ensure consistent quality and performance in various applications.
The production process involves strict quality control measures to meet specific particle size distribution and other technical specifications.
In some cases, SIPERNAT 22 S may undergo surface treatment or be available in different grades to suit specific applications.

Surface treatments can modify the surface chemistry of the SIPERNAT 22 S particles, enhancing their compatibility with certain matrices or polymers.
SIPERNAT 22 S is compatible with a wide range of materials, including elastomers, plastics, resins, adhesives, and various liquid systems.
SIPERNAT 22 Ss versatility allows it to be incorporated into different formulations without causing significant adverse effects.

As a synthetic amorphous silica, SIPERNAT 22 S is considered relatively environmentally friendly.
It does not contain hazardous substances such as heavy metals, making it a safer alternative compared to some other fillers or additives.
Manufacturers of SIPERNAT 22 S adhere to relevant regulations and guidelines governing the use of silica in different industries, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for food-contact applications.

Companies that produce SIPERNAT 22 S often offer technical support to their customers, including guidance on product selection, application-specific recommendations, and problem-solving assistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S is typically available in various packaging options, including bags, drums, or bulk quantities, depending on the needs of the customer.

In addition to its industrial uses, SIPERNAT 22 S may also be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skincare items.
It is often used to provide texture, absorb excess oils, and improve the performance of various formulations.
SIPERNAT 22 S is a finely milled, hydrophilic silica.

SIPERNAT 22 S is primarily used as a free-flow agent in other applications.
SIPERNAT 22 S can also be used in-situ hydrophobized in defoamers.
The use of an alkaline catalyst is recommended.

SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds, improving tear resistance, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S can be used as a filler in plastics to enhance their mechanical properties and reduce production costs.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be added to adhesives and sealants to improve their thixotropic behavior and control viscosity.
SIPERNAT 22 S can be used in paints and coatings to provide anti-blocking properties and improve flow characteristics.
In these industries, SIPERNAT 22 S may be used as an anti-caking agent in powdered products to prevent clumping.

SIPERNAT 22 S is often used as a thickening agent or rheology modifier in different liquid systems, such as coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
SIPERNAT 22 S can help control viscosity and prevent sagging or settling of suspended particles.

In rubber compounds, SIPERNAT 22 S acts as a reinforcing filler, improving the mechanical properties of the rubber, including tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.
In food and pharmaceutical applications, it serves as an anti-caking agent, preventing powdered products from forming clumps and maintaining free-flowing characteristics.

In coatings and paints, SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a matting agent, providing a matte or low-gloss finish.
Its high surface area and porous structure make SIPERNAT 22 S useful for applications where absorption or adsorption properties are needed, such as in certain catalysts or desiccants.

Uses
SIPERNAT 22 S is also known as silicone dioxide.
SIPERNAT 22 S has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency.
It can also function as an abrasive.

SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel.
SIPERNAT 22 S is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight.
A typical claim associated with silica is oil control.

SIPERNAT 22 S is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations.
It has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds.

SIPERNAT 22 S enhances the mechanical properties of rubber products, such as tires, conveyor belts, gaskets, and seals, by improving tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S is employed as a filler in plastics to improve their mechanical strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability.
SIPERNAT 22 S can reduce production costs and provide additional benefits in plastic products such as automotive components, packaging materials, and consumer goods.

SIPERNAT 22 S acts as a matting agent in coatings and paints, providing a matte or low-gloss finish.
It is also used to control rheology, improve flow properties, and prevent sagging or settling of pigments in liquid coatings.
In adhesives and sealants, SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a rheology modifier to control viscosity and improve thixotropic behavior.

SIPERNAT 22 S functions as an anti-caking agent in powdered food products and pharmaceutical formulations.
It prevents clumping and improves the flowability of powders, ensuring a better user experience and product stability.
In cosmetics and personal care products, SIPERNAT 22 S is utilized as a texturizing agent and oil absorber.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be found in products such as powders, creams, lotions, and makeup formulations.
Due to its high surface area and porosity, SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a carrier material in catalyst formulations and as a desiccant to absorb moisture.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used in agriculture as an inert carrier for the delivery of active ingredients, such as in pesticide formulations.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be employed as a flow aid and anti-caking agent in foundry applications, ensuring smooth and consistent pouring of molds.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a flow and anticaking agent in many applications as well as a special-purpose ingredient for mechanical graphics papers.
In plant protection, this product is recommended as a carrier in solid formulations such as wettable powders (WP) and water-dispersible granules (WG) if grinding is to be avoided

SIPERNAT 22 S is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur).
This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes.
They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings.

SIPERNAT 22 S, amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed.
Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications.
Synthetic SIPERNAT 22 Ss are used as a rheology control agent in plastics.

SIPERNAT 22 S is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a performance additive in inks and toners for various printing applications.
It helps improve the flow properties of the ink, leading to better print quality and reduced clogging in printing equipment.

In powder coatings, SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a flow aid, improving the powder's handling and application characteristics.
SIPERNAT 22 S is sometimes used in the production of battery separator films.
These films are critical components in lithium-ion batteries, and the addition of silica can enhance their mechanical properties and thermal stability.

In some cleaning agents, SIPERNAT 22 S is utilized as a thickening agent to improve their texture and flow properties.
In the foundry industry, SIPERNAT 22 S can be added to resin-bonded molds and cores to enhance their strength and improve dimensional accuracy during casting processes.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used in plastic film applications as an anti-blocking agent.

SIPERNAT 22 S helps prevent the adhesion of film surfaces, reducing blocking during storage and handling.
SIPERNAT 22 S is incorporated into masterbatches, which are concentrated mixtures of pigments, additives, and resins used for coloration or enhancing properties in rubber and plastic processing.

In powdered food and beverage applications, SIPERNAT 22 S acts as an anti-caking and flow aid agent, ensuring proper dispersion and handling of the powdered products.
SIPERNAT 22 S can serve as a precursor in the production of silica gel, a widely used desiccant in various applications, including moisture control in packaging, electronics, and storage of sensitive items.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be used as a functional filler in abrasive products, improving their performance and durability.
SIPERNAT 22 S is sometimes used in the production of construction materials, such as sealants and caulks, to enhance their properties and performance.

Safety Profile
The pure unaltered form is considered a nuisance dust.
Some SIPERNAT 22 S contain small amounts of crystahne quartz and are therefore fibrogenic.
When SIPERNAT 22 S earth is calcined (with or without fluxing agents) some sdica is converted to cristobalite and is therefore fibrogenic.
Tridymite has never been detected in calcined batomaceous earth.

Dust Inhalation
Prolonged and excessive inhalation of fine SIPERNAT 22 S dust may lead to respiratory irritation or lung issues, particularly if adequate ventilation is not provided during handling or if the material is used in processes generating airborne dust.

Skin Irritation
Direct contact with SIPERNAT 22 S may cause skin irritation, especially in individuals with sensitive skin.
Prolonged contact should be avoided, and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when handling the material.

Eye Irritation
Accidental contact with SIPERNAT 22 S may cause eye irritation.
Safety goggles or protective eyewear should be worn when working with the material to prevent eye exposure.

Slip Hazards
Spilled SIPERNAT 22 S may create slippery surfaces, potentially leading to slip and fall accidents.
Promptly clean up any spills and ensure proper housekeeping practices are in place.
SIPERNAT 22 S is not combustible, but it is a fine powder that can disperse in the air and create a dust cloud, which could become flammable if exposed to an ignition source.

Synonyms
SIPERNAT 22 S
Silica
Dioxosilane
Quartz
7631-86-9
Cristobalite
Silicic anhydride
Tridymite
14808-60-7
Sand
112945-52-5
61790-53-2
KIESELGUHR
Aerosil
Silicon(IV) oxide
112926-00-8
Wessalon
Diatomaceous silica
Zorbax sil
Crystalline silica
Silica, amorphous
60676-86-0
Dicalite
Glass
Ludox
Nyacol
14464-46-1
Amorphous silica
QUARTZ (SIO2)
Cab-O-sil
Christensenite
Crystoballite
Sillikolloid
Extrusil
Santocel
Sipernat
Superfloss
Acticel
Carplex
Celite
Neosil
Neosyl
Porasil
Silikil
Siloxid
Zipax
Aerosil-degussa
Silicon oxide
Aerosil 380
Synthetic amorphous silica
White carbon
Quartz sand
Silica particles
Cab-o-sil M-5
Cristobalite (SiO2)
Vulkasil S
Snowtex O
Corasil II
Calcined diatomite
Silica, colloidal
Tokusil TPLM
Dri-Die
SILICA, VITREOUS
Cabosil st-1
Manosil vn 3
Ultrasil VH 3
Ultrasil VN 3
Aerosil bs-50
Carplex 30
Carplex 80
Snowtex 30
Zeofree 80
Aerosil K 7
Cabosil N 5
Syton 2X
Amorphous silica gel
Positive sol 232
91053-39-3
Siliziumdioxid
Aerogel 200
Aerosil 300
Amethyst
Aquafil
Cataloid
Chalcedony
Crysvarl
Diatomite
Flintshot
Ludox hs 40
Nalcoag
Novaculite
Silanox 101
Silica (SiO2)
Silikill
Vitasil 220
Vulkasil
Cherts
Snowit
Agate
Flint
Imsil
Metacristobalite
Positive sol 130M
Silica vitreous
Onyx
SIPERNAT 22 S (amorphous)
Aerosil A 300
Aerosil E 300
Aerosil M-300
alpha-Quartz
colloidal silica
Fossil flour
Fumed silica
Fused silica
Quartz dust
Quartz glass
Quartz silica
Rock crystal
Rose quartz
Silica dust
Silica slurry
Chromosorb P
SIPERNAT 22 S, fumed
Silicone dioxide
Tiger-eye
Caswell No. 734A
Nalfloc N 1050
Quso 51
Celite superfloss
Cristobalite dust
Silica, amorphous fused
Silver bond B
alpha-Cristobalite
alpha-Crystobalite
Cab-O-sperse
Colloidal SIPERNAT 22 S
Nalco 1050
Quso G 30
Gold bond R
Hydrophobic silica 2482
Kieselsaeureanhydrid
Sil-Co-Sil
Tridymite 118
Cab-O-grip II
Min-U-Sil
Siderite (SiO2)
Tridimite [French]
HI-Sil
15468-32-3
68855-54-9
Amorphous silica dust
Nyacol 830
Sibelite M 3000
Sibelite M 4000
Sibelite M 6000
SiO2
Quazo puro [Italian]
Sicron F 300
Sikron F 100
Spectrosil
Accusand
CCRIS 3699
Coesite
Fuselex
Nalcast
Nyacol 1430
Optocil
Quartzine
Quarzsand
Rancosil
Suprasil
Tridimite
Siltex
Silica aerogel
Tridymite dust
Vitreous quartz
Vitreous silica
W 12 (Filler)
beta-Quartz
Fused quartz
MIN-U-sil alpha quartz
Quartz-beta
(SiO2)n
Amorphous quartz
Dri-Die insecticide 67
Quazo puro
Vitrified silica
Silica, amorphous, fumed
Pyrogenic colloidal silica
UNII-ETJ7Z6XBU4
Silica, fumed
Silica, fused
Suprasil W
Vitreosil IR
ETJ7Z6XBU4
Borsil P
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous
Silane, dioxo-
Crystallized SIPERNAT 22 S
Optocil (quartz)
Silica 2482, hydrophobic
SIPERNAT 22 S, chemically prepared
CP-SilicaPLOT
EINECS 231-545-4
Silicon oxide, di- (sand)
CAB-O-SIL N-70TS
HK 400
Sand, Sea
Silica Gel, 40-63 Micron Particles
Quarzsand [German]
S-Col
Admafine SO 25H
Admafine SO 25R
Admafine SO 32H
Admafine SO-C 2
Admafine SO-C 3
Cristobalite asbestos
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605
Keatite (SiO2)
Kieselguhr, calcined
Sg-67
Tridymite (SiO2)
CI 7811
Fumed silica, crystalline-free
ED-C (silica)
Fuselex ZA 30
Stishovite (SiO2)
CCRIS 2475
DQ12
As 1 (silica)
Fumed synthetic amorphous silica
Silica, crystalline - tridymite
99439-28-8
Agate (SiO2)
FB 5 (silica)
Fuselex RD 120
CHEBI:30563
Corning 7940
Microcrystalline quartz
AI3-25549
Denka F 90
Denka FB 30
Denka FB 44
Denka FB 74
Denka FS 30
Dri-Die 67
Synthetic amorphous silica, fumed
Cryptocrystalline quartz
FB 20 (silica)
WGL 300
Elsil 100
F 44 (filler)
D & D
SF 35
Elsil BF 100
N1030
U 333
F 125 (silica)
F 160 (silica)
Fuselex RD 40-60
Silica, amorphous, fused
EINECS 238-455-4
EINECS 238-878-4
EINECS 239-487-1
Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh
43-63C
TGL 16319
Silica, crystalline quartz
SIPERNAT 22 S, colloidal
15723-40-7
SIPERNAT 22 S (vitreous)
ENT 25,550
Silica, amorphous, fumed, cryst.-free
Silica, crystalline, quartz
Silica, crystalline: quartz
[SiO2]
GP 7I
Precipitated amorphous silica
Silica, crystalline - fused
Silica, crystalline tridymite
Silica, crystalline - quartz
Silicagel
AF-SO 25R
Quartz [Silica, crystalline]
Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica)
Silica, crystalline: tridymite
GP 11I
INS NO.551
RD 8
Silica gel, pptd.,cryst.-free
13778-37-5
13778-38-6
17679-64-0
Silicondioxide
Silica gel desiccant, indicating
Tridymite [Silica, crystalline]
W 006
CRS 1102RD8
Sand, Ottawa
Silica, crystalline: cristobalite
INS-551
EF 10
FS 74
MR 84
Silica, crystalline - cristobalite
Cristobalite [Silica, crystalline]
Amorphous silica: Pyrogenic (fumed)
EINECS 262-373-8
silica gel desiccant
BF 100
EQ 912
MFCD00011232
MFCD00217788
QG 100
RD 120
Silica, amorphous,fumed, cryst.-free
Silica, mesostructured
O2Si
F 44
Y 40
O2-Si
SIMETHICONE COMPONENT SIPERNAT 22 S
E-551
EC 231-545-4
SIPERNAT 22 S COMPONENT OF SIMETHICONE
(SiO2)
SIPERNAT 22 S (II)
SIPERNAT 22 S [II]
92283-58-4
Silicates (<1% crystalline silica):Graphite, natural
Silicon Oxide Hollow Nanospheres
SILICA, AMORPHOUS (IARC)
SILICA, AMORPHOUS [IARC]
Celatom
Silica glass
Dioxide, Silicon
14639-89-5
SGA
Celite 545
Silica gel spherical, 40-75 mum particle size
tripolite
Cristobalita
Kieselglas
Ronasphere
Speriglass
Chromaton
Diatomita
Seesand
Spherica
Tridimita
Cuarzo
Siilca
Zorbax
quartz-glass
silica sand
Silicom dioxide
silica-gel
Fused-silica
pyrogenic silica
Silica,fumed
Chromosorb G
silica-
Fine grain sand
QuarZ
Chromaton N
Greensil K
silica gel white
Calofrig FJ
Silicon di-oxide
Zelec Sil
Armsorb GKhI
Silica Dispersion
SiO2 Nanopowder
Chromosorb P-AW
Silica gel G
Silotrat-1
Kieselsaureanhydrid
Silica, tridymite
SiO2 Nanospheres
Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescent indicator 254 nm
Ludox SM
Celite White Mist
Chromosorb P-NAW
Fossil Flour MBK
Precipitated silica
Silica Microspheres
Chromatron N Super
Sorbosil AC33
Sorbosil AC77
Sorbosil BFG50
Sorbosil TC15
Sand, white quartz
Silica , amorphous
Silica, crystalline
Silica: Crystalline
Quartz (Tridymite)
Silica gel, ASTM
Silica, SiO2
silicon (iv) oxide
Coesite (SiO2)
Methyl3-oxohexanoate
Silica, diatomaceous
Siliceous sand, CP
Sorbosil AC 35
Sorbosil AC 37
Sorbosil AC 39
Chalcedony (SiO2)
Neosil CBT50
Neosil CBT60
Neosil CBT60S
Neosil CBT70
Neosil CT11
Neosil PC10
Neosil PC50S
AEROSIC
Aerosil 200
Aquafil N 81
ARSIL
BIOSILICA
Cuarzo (SiO2)
DALTOSIL
DUROSIL
KOMSIL
MICROSIL
MILOWHITE
MIZUKASIL
NOVAKUP
OSCAL
PHOTOX
PREGEL
REOLOSIL
ROMSIL
SIFLOX
SILEX
SILICAFILM
SILICALITE
SILIPUR
SILMOS
SIONOX
SNOWTEX
Sorbpso; BFG10
SYTON
TOSIL
UNISIL
VERTICURINE
ZEOPAN
Kieselgur, ungebrannt
Wacker HDK H30
Celite 503
Cristobalita (SiO2)
ENTERO TEKNOSAL
Silica amorphous fumed
SOLUM DIATOMEAE
Spheron PL-700
AEROSIL PST
CATALOID SA
CATALOID SN
NALCAST PLW
Quartz (Cristobalite)
SANTOCEL CS
SNOWTEX OXS
SORBSIL MSG
ADELITE A
ELKEM SAND
FINESIL B
FUJIGEL B
FUSELEX X
GAROSIL GB
GAROSIL N
HIMESIL A
NEOSIL XV
NEOSYL GP
NIPSIL AQ
NIPSIL ER
NIPSIL ES
NIPSIL LP
NIPSIL NA
NIPSIL NS
NIPSIL NST
SANTOCEL Z
SIPERNAT 22 S Powder
SILTON AK
SNOWTEX AK
SNOWTEX C
SNOWTEX N
SNOWTEX OL
TOKUSIL GU
TOKUSIL N
TOKUSIL NR
TOKUSIL P
TOKUSIL U
TOKUSIL UR
VULKASIL C
Wacker HDK N 20
Wacker HDK T 30
Wacker HDK V 15
WESSALON S
LUDOX LS
LUDOX TM
NEOSIL A
Sea sand, acid washed
Silica, fumed, powder
SIPERNAT 22 S (NF)
SILTON A
SYTON FM
CRYSTALITE 5V
CRYSTALITE 5X
GLASGRAIN SG-A
IMSIL H
Neosil CL2000
Sand 50-70 mesh
Silica, Anhydrous 31
SILICA, QUARTZ
Spheron L-1500
Spheron N-2000
Spheron P-1000
Spheron P-1500
TOSIL P
Cab-O-Sil EH-5
Cab-O-Sil M-5P
Cab-O-Sil MS55
Celite Hyflo Super Cel
NIPSIL VN3LP
Silica gel, large pore
TOKUSIL GU-N
TOKUSIL GV-N
Wacker HDK N 20P
Wacker HDK N 25P
KAOWOOL RIGIDIZER
CRYSTALITE FM 1
CRYSTALITE NA 1
HYPERSIL 3
HYPERSIL 5
MSP-X
ULTRASIL VN 3SP
C2H6Cl2Si.O2Si
Hollow Silica Nanosphere
MIZUKASIL NP 8
MIZUKASIL SK 7
Silicon Oxide Dispersion
Silicon Oxide Nanopowder
CARPLEX FPS 1
CARPLEX FPS 3
Chromosorb P 60/80
NIPSIL VN 3AQ
SI-O-LITE
SILICA [INCI]
Silica amorphous hydrated
SUPERNAT 22LS
SYLOID SILICA GEL
ULTRASIL VN 2
CARPLEX CS 5
CRYSTALITE CMC 1
S-CO
silica fibers (biogenic)
SILICATE [VANDF]
SIPERNAT 22 S (silica)
SUPERNAT 50S
TOKUSIL AL 1
Celite (R) 545
Crystalline Silica Quartz
Glass (fibrous or dust)
MIZUKASIL P 78A
MIZUKASIL P 78F
Silica gel, ACS reagent
Silica gel, crystal-free
UNII-EU2PSP0G0W
Wacker HDK V 15 P
Celite(R) 512 medium
HYPERSIL 10
Kieselguhr, -325 mesh
NIPSIL VN 3
SAND [INCI]
SANTOCEL 54
SANTOCEL 62
Silica, 99.8%
SILNEX NP 8
SIPERNAT 22
SYLOBLOC 41
SYLOBLOC 44
SYLOBLOC 46
SYLOBLOC 47
ADELITE AT 20A
ADELITE AT 20Q
ADELITE AT 30S
CATALOID HS 40
CATALOID S 20L
CATALOID S 30H
CATALOID S 30L
CATALOID SI 40
HARIMIC SWC 05
MIZUKASIL P 78
SBA-15 Molecular Sieve
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder
SNOWTEX NCS 30
ADELITE 30
ADELITE AT 30
AEROSIL BS 50
AEROSIL FK 60
AEROSIL OX 50
CARPLEX 67
DSSTox_CID_9677
HISILEX EF 10
LUDOX 40HS
NIPSIL SS 50A
S-CO (FILLER)
SIPERNAT 22 S Dispersion
SILTON A 2
SILTON LP 75C
SILTON R 2
SNOWTEX 20
SNOWTEX 40
SUPERNAT 250S
TULLANOX A 50
ZEOTHIX 95
ZORBAX PSM 60
Cab-O-Sil LM-130
silica gel, cryst. -free
AEROSIL 130V
AEROSIL 200V
AEROSIL D 17
CATALOID SI 350
Celite Standard Super Cell
Epitope ID:158537
FINESIL E 50
FINESIL X 37
MIZUKASIL P 526
MIZUKASIL P 527
MIZUKASIL P 801
MIZUKASIL P 802
NEOSYL 81
NIPSIL SS 10
NIPSIL SS 50
PROTEK-SORB 121
REOLOSIL 202
REOLOSIL QS 102
SIDENT 12
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres
SOLEX (M)
SYLODENT 704
SYTON 30X
SYTON W 3
TULLANOX TM 500
ZEOSIL 175MP
ZEOSIL 75
ADELITE AD 321
AEROSIL A 200V
AEROSIL OK 412
AEROSIL TT 600
CAB-O-SIL HS 5
CAB-O-SIL MS 7
CAB-O-SIL ST 1
NALCOAG 2SS374
SILICA, CRISTOBALITE
Wacker HDK P 100 H
ZORBAX PSM 150
ZORBAX PSM 300
ZORBAX PSM 500
AEROSIL 175
AEROSIL 308
AEROSIL 360
CARPLEX 100
Celite(R) 503, CP
Celite(R) 535, CP
Celite(R) 545, CP
DAVISON 951
DENKA FB 90
DENKA FS 44
FLORITE 700
FRANSIL 251
IMSIL 10
KESTREL 600
LUDOX AS 40
LUDOX HS 30
LUDOX RS 40
MIN-U-SIL 5
NIPSIL 300A
SILICA GEL [VANDF]
SYLOX 15
TARANOX 500
UNISIL Q 30
ZEODENT 113
ZEOTHIX 265
AEROSIL A 130
AEROSIL A 175
AEROSIL A 200
AEROSIL A 380
AEROSIL K 315
AEROSIL M 300
AEROSIL R 912
AEROSIL R 960
CAB-O-SIL H 5
CAB-O-SIL L 5
CAB-O-SIL M 5
CAB-O-SIL N 5
FLORITE S 700
FLORITE S 800
LUFILEN E 100
NALCOAG 1034A
Nano SIPERNAT 22 S Powder
NIPSIL B 220A
NIPSIL E 150J
NIPSIL E 150K
NIPSIL E 150V
NIPSIL E 200A
NIPSIL E 220A
SILCRON G 100
SILCRON G 640
Silica gel 40-60Angstoms
TIX-O-SIL 33J
TIX-O-SIL 38A
AROGEN 500
CAB-O-SIL LM 50
Chromosorb P 100/120
DSSTox_RID_78805
EMSAC 460S
EMSAC 465T
IMSIL A 10
IMSIL A 15
IMSIL A 25
NEOSYL 186
NEOSYL 224
NUCLEOSIL 100-5
QUSO WR 55
QUSO WR 82
Respirable crystalline silica
silica gel 60g (type60)
silica gel 60h (type60)
SSA 1
SSK 5
ST 30 (MINERAL)
SYTON W 15
SYTON W 30
SYTON X 30
UNII-2RF6EJ0M85
ZEOSYL 100
ZEOSYL 200
ZORBAX PSM 1000
CAB-O-SIL MS 75D
CAB-O-SIL N 70TS
CARPLEX 1120
CELATOM(R) FW-60
DSSTox_GSID_29677
FILLITE 52/7
IMSIL A 108H
MIN-U-SIL 15
MIN-U-SIL 30
NALCO 2SS374
NALCO CD 100
NALCOAG 1030
NALCOAG 1050
NALCOAG 1060
NALCOAG 1115
NALCOAG 1129
NALCOAG 1140
NIPSIL E 150
NIPSIL E 200
NIPSIL G 300
NIPSIL L 300
NYACOL 2034A
P 2 (SILICA)
Pesticide Code 072605.
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid washed
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid-washed
VITASIL 1500
VITASIL 1600
ZEOSIL 1000V
BS 30 (FILLER)
BS 50 (SILICA)
CAB-M 5
CAB-O-SIL L 90
Diatomaceous earth non-washed
EP 10TP
HKDN 20
NALFLOC N 1030
SILICA GEL [WHO-DD]
Silica, hydrate(8CI,9CI)
Silica, hydrophobic colloidal
Silicon(IV) oxide (SiO2)
Tridimita (SiO2) (9CI)
LO-VEL 24
LO-VEL 27
Silica, fused respirable dust
SIPERNAT 22 S, Precipitated
EXSIL A 300
F 40 (SILICA)
FILLITE 200/7
IATROBEADS 6RS8060
IMSIL A 108
NALCO 1034A
NALCO 84SS258
Silica fibers, 1/4'' long
SIPERNAT 22 S [FCC]
SILICON OXIDE (SIO2)
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous
TIX-O-SIL 375
TS 100 (SILICA)
ZEOSYL 2000
CATALOID OSCAL 1432
Kieselguhr, calcined, purified
Silica gel, CP, blue, beads
Silica, crystalline, tridymite
SIPERNAT 22 S, amorphous gel
SILICA DIMETHYL SILYLATE
Silica Gel 60-100 MESH
Silica, fused, respirable dust
25wt% Silicon Oxide in Water
AW Standard Super-Cel(R) NF
B-6C
C2-H6-Cl2-Si.O2-Si
FK 320DS
HDK-N 20
HDK-S 15
HDK-V 15
HSDB 682
IMSIL 1240
MCM-41
NALCO 1115
NALCO 1129
NALCO 1140
OSCAL 1132
OSCAL 1232
OSCAL 1432
OSCAL 1433
OSCAL 1434
Silica gel, amorphous synthetic
Silica gel, CP, white, beads
SIPUR 1500
SYLOID 244 [VANDF]
ZEO 49
Hyflo(R) Super-Cel(R), CP
SIPERNAT 22 S (SIO2)
SIPERNAT 22 S [VANDF]
CHEMBL3188292
DTXSID1029677
DTXSID6050465
Filter agent, Celite(R) 545
IATROBEADS GRS 80100
Sand, white quartz, CP, beads
silica gel 60gf254(type60)
silica gel 60hf254(type60)
Silicagel 60A 40-63 micron
SILICONE DIOXIDE [VANDF]
AEROSIL S 504BT320
B-CEL 300
Quarz cryst., 0.6-1.3 mm
Silica gel, pptd., cryst.-free
SIPERNAT 22 S, colloidal (NF)
DCF 784
DEP 002
MAS 200
MSS-500
SILICA, AMORPHOUS HYDRATED
Silica, crystalline, cristobalite
SILICA, HYDRATED AMORPHOUS
SIPERNAT 22 S [WHO-DD]
SIPERNAT 22 S, SAJ first grade
TMC 200
XOB 075
Silicagel LC60A 40-63 micron
SYLOID SILICA GEL [VANDF]
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BS 30
BS 50
GP 71
Silica Gel Dessicant (Grade 03)
Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size
SILICA GEL,PPTD.CRYST-FREE
Silica, fused, - Respirable dust
SS 10
ST 30
SX 10
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-14
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-50
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-60
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-80
Silica, amorphous - inhalable dust
Silica, fused [Silica, amorphous]
SIPERNAT 22 S, JIS special grade
Silicon Oxide Mesoporous Nanopowder
AMORPHOUS PRECIPITATED SILICA
AMY37125
Chromosorb(R) G, 80-100 mesh
Silica, hydrophobic colloidal [NF]
2-Mercaptoethyl ethyl sulfide silica
Celite(R) 545 AW, reagent grade
EINECS 271-893-4
NALCO 8455-258
Silica Hollow Nanospheres Dispersion
Silica, amorphous - respirable dust
Silicon(IV) oxide, electronic grade
Tox21_301288
BS 100
BS 120
HK 125
KS 300
KS 380
KS 404
LC3025
LC4005
LC4025
LS-866
MFCD00148266
MFCD00603035
MFCD02100519
MFCD06202255
MFCD07370733
PC 100
Sand, white quartz, CP, crystalline
Silica gel, indicating, 6-16 mesh
TK 900
Chromosorb(R) W/AW, 45-60 mesh
Light anhydrous silicic acid (JP17)
Quarz fine, cryst., 0.4-0.8 mm
Silica gel, 70-200 mesh (TLC)
Silica, fumed, powder, 0.008 mum
AKOS009085429
Colloidal silica, 30% susp. in H2O
Silica gel, spherical, 300 angstroms
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres Properties
CS-O-30773
DB11132
Iron Sulfide (FeS) Sputtering Targets
LS-2422
S 1-45D
Glass spheres, 9-13 mum particle size
s25266
Silica gel, CP, white, medium granules
Silica gel, technical grade, 3-9 mesh
Silica, mesostructured, HMS (wormhole)
NCGC00257531-01
Sand, white quartz, purum p.a., powder
Silica gel orange, granular, 0.2-1 mm
Silica, amorphous, precipitated and gel.
Silica, crystalline (as respirable dust)
SIPERNAT 22 S amorphous fumed silica
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 0.5 micron
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 1.0 micron
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 1.5 micron
SILICONE DIOXIDE COATINGS FOR PET
E551
Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size, medium
Silica gel, technical grade, 6-16 mesh
Silicon oxide powder, 99% Nano, 20 nm
CAS-7631-86-9
Silica gel desiccant, -3+8 mesh granules
Silica gel, 12-24 mesh (liquid drying)
Silica gel, for column chromatography, 60
Silica gel, precipitated, crystalline free
Silica gel, precipitated, crystalline-free
Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline free
Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline-free
(Silica, crystalline (as respirable dust))
Celite(R) 281, filter aid, flux calcined
Celite(R) S, filter aid, dried, untreated
Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh
Dusts containing less than 10% free silica
HY-154739
LS-145280
LS-145284
LS-145287
Silica gel desiccant, -6+12 mesh granules
SIPERNAT 22 S, purum p.a., acid purified
White Silica Gel Beads, 3 mm (2-5 mm)
CS-0694521
F 307
FT-0624621
FT-0645127
FT-0689145
FT-0689270
FT-0696592
FT-0696603
FT-0697331
FT-0697389
FT-0700917
Quartz rod, fused, 2.0mm (0.079in) dia
S 600
S0822
Silica gel, with 1-4 mm moisture indicator
Silica, amorphous, fumed (crystalline free)
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder KH550 processing
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder KH570 processing
Silicon(IV) oxide, 99.0% (metals basis)
SYNTHETIC CRYSTALLINE-FREE SILICA GEL
Celite(R) 110, filter aid, flux calcinated
Celite(R) 512 medium, filter aid, calcined
Chromosorb(R) G/AW-DMCS, 100-120 mesh
Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 120-140 mesh
K-411 Glass microspheres, NIST SRM 2066
SILICA GEL, PRECIPITATED, CRYSTAL-FREE
Silica gel, technical grade 40, 6-12 mesh
Silica, crystalline quartz, - Respirable dust
Silica, crystalline-quartz; (SIPERNAT 22 S)
C18 Silica Gel, Endcapped, 60A, 40-63um
D05839
D06521
D06522
D78143
Sand, white quartz, 50-70 mesh particle size
Silica, crystalline-quartz; (SIPERNAT 22 S)
Silica, mesostructured, MSU-F (cellular foam)
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous Gel, 15% In Water
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous Gel, 40% In Water
Celite(R) 209, filter aid, natural, untreated
Celite(R) Analytical Filter Aid II (CAFA II)
Glass sand, NIST(R) SRM(R) 165a, low iron
Silica gel spherical, 75-200 mum particle size
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 922, -200 mesh
Silica gel, large pore, P.Vol. ca. 1.65cc/g
Silica, Amorphous - Precipitated and gel, Total
Silica, crystalline tridymite, - Respirable dust
Silicon Oxide (Silica, SIPERNAT 22 S, quartz)
Silicon oxide powder, 99.5% Nano, 15-20 nm
D 11-10
Q116269
Sand for sand sieve analysis, NIST(R) RM 8010
Silica gel, GF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, HF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, Type III, Indicating, for desiccation
Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 100 microg/mL in H2O
Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O
Silica, mesostructured, MCM-41 type (hexagonal)
SIPERNAT 22 S, purum p.a., acid purified, sand
Standard Super Cel(R) fine, filter aid, calcined
Celite(R) 500 fine, filter aid, dried, untreated
Collodial Silica in Aqueous Solution (nanoparticles)
Glass sand, NIST(R) SRM(R) 1413, high alumina
J-002874
Sand, white quartz, >=99.995% trace metals basis
Silica gel, large pore, P.V. ca. 1cc/g, 8 mesh
Silica gel, technical grade, 1-3 mm particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, 3-6 mm particle size
Silica gel, with moisture indicator (blue), coarse
Silica, crystalline cristobalite, - Respirable dust
Celpure(R) P65, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 2 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 3 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 4 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 5 mum
Quartz lid for 30ml quartz crucible, fused, ID 48mm
Silica gel 60, 0.060-0.2mm (70-230 mesh)
Silica gel desiccant, indicating, <1% Cobalt chloride
Silica gel, -60-120 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica, Amorphous - Precipitated and gel, Respirable
SIPERNAT 22 S, AMORPHOUS AND HIGHLY DISPERSED
Silicon(IV) oxide, 15% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Silicon(IV) oxide, 30% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Silicon(IV) oxide, 50% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Synthetic-fused silica: Trade Names: Suprasil; TAFQ
Celpure(R) P100, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Celpure(R) P1000, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Celpure(R) P300, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 0.5 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 1.0 mum
Silica Dispersion (SiO2, Aqueous Dispersion, Amorphous)
Silica gel 60, 0.032-0.063mm (230-450 mesh)
Silica gel 60, 0.036-0.071mm (215-400 mesh)
Silica gel 60, 0.040-0.063mm (230-400 mesh)
Silica gel desiccant, indicating, -6+16 mesh granules
Silica gel, with moisture indicator (blue), -6-20 mesh
Silica, mesostructured, MSU-H (large pore 2D hexagonal)
Silica, mesostructured, SBA-15, 99% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S (Silica) Nanodispersion Type A (20nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S (Silica) Nanodispersion Type B (20nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S, -325 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, washed and calcined, analytical reagent
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 85-115m2/g
SYNTHETIC AMORPHOUS SILICA,FUMED,CRYSTALLINE FREE
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (SBA-15 Type)
Chromosorb(R) W, AW-DMCS, 100-120 mesh particle size
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 0.15 mum
Silica gel, high-purity grade (15111), pore size 60 ??
Silica Slurry (SiO2, Purity: 99%, Diameter: 15-20nm)
Silica, mesoporous, 1 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 1 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 2 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 2 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 3 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 3 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica,fumed, hydrophilic, specific surface area 200 m2/g
Silica,fumed, hydrophilic, specific surface area 400 m2/g
SIPERNAT 22 S; synthetic amorphous SIPERNAT 22 S (nano)
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 300-350m?/g
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 350-420m2/g
Amorphous silica: Vitreous silica, quartz glass, fused silica
LUDOX(R) AM colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) CL colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) CL-X colloidal silica, 45 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) LS colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) SM colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TMA colloidal silica, 34 wt. % suspension in H2O
Silica gel orange, with moisture indicator free of heavy metals
Silica gel, high-purity grade, FIA according to DIN 51791
Silica, mesoporous, 0.5 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 0.5 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid washed and calcined, Analytical Reagent
SIPERNAT 22 S, crystalline (fine), coating quality, >=99.9%
Chromosorb(R) P, NAW, 60-80 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, AW, 80-100 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, HP, 60-80 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
LUDOX(R) AS-30 colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) AS-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) HS-30 colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) HS-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TM-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TM-50 colloidal silica, 50 wt. % suspension in H2O
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 22, pore size 60 ??, 60-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 60??, 35-60 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 3 micron APS, 120 angstroms
Silica gel, technical grade (w/ fluorescent indicator), 60 F254
Silica gel, Type H, without binder, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, Type II, 3.5 mm bead size, Suitable for desiccation
Silica, fumed, powder, 0.2-0.3 mum avg. part. size (aggregate)
SIPERNAT 22 S Dispersion (SiO2, Aqueous Dispersion, Amorphous)
SIPERNAT 22 S, for cleaning of platinum crucibles, calcined, crude
SIPERNAT 22 S, fused (pieces), 4 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis
Silicon oxide, catalyst support, high surface area, S.A.250m2/g
Silicon(IV) oxide, 99.5% (metals basis) , -325 Mesh Powder
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (1D-Hexagonal SBA-41 Type)
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (3D-Cubic MCM-48 Type)
Celatom(R), acid-washed, for use in Total Dietary Fiber Assay, TDF-100A
Chromosorb(R) G, HP, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) P, AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, AW, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, HP, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
NBS 28 (silicon and oxygen isotopes in silica sand), NIST(R) RM 8546
Pyrogenic or fumed silica: Trade Names: Aerosil; Cab-O-Sil; HDK; Reolosil
Quartz disc, fused, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 1.59mm (0.06in) thick
Quartz disc, fused, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.13in) thick
Quartz disc, fused, 76.2 (3.0 in) dia x 3.18mm (0.13in) thick
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 25.4x25.4x1.0mm (1.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 50.8x25.4x1.0mm (2.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 76.2x25.4x1.0mm (3.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Silica gel 60, 0.105-0.2mm (70-150 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel, high purity, 90??, 35-70 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7734), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7754), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, >=400 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, 35-70 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 90??, 15-25 mum, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 40 ??, 35-70 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, >=400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 200-425 mesh particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum
Silica Nanoparticles Dispersion (SiO2, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 50-80nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S, ~99%, 0.5 - 10 um (approx. 80% between 1-5 um)
SIPERNAT 22 S, ~99%, 0.5-10 mum (approx. 80% between 1-5 mum)
SIPERNAT 22 S, fused (granular), 4-20 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis
Silicon Oxide Hollow NanospheresSIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres Properties
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Toluene)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Hollow Silica Nanospheres Dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80-100nm)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 20 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 25 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 30 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 20 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 25 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 30 wt.%)
Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescence indicator 254 nm
Silica gel 60, 0.019-0.037mm (400-600 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel 60, 0.062-0.105mm (150-230 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 710, pore size 50-76 ??, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (10180), pore size 40 ??, 70-230 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (9385), pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 12), pore size 22 ??, 28-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 62), pore size 150 ??, 60-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 635), pore size 60 ??, 60-100 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 643), pore size 150 ??, 200-425 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 646), 35-60 mesh, pore size 150 ??
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 923), pore size 30 ??, 100-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 100??, 200-400 mesh, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40??, 230-400 mesh, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 60??, gypsum ~13 %, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 90??, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, for thin layer chromatography, H, without calcium sulfate
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 130-270 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 200-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, 5-15 mum, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 10 micron APS, 60 angstroms
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 7.5 micron APS, 120 angstroms
Silica gel, wide pore, 150 angstroms, -100+200 Mesh, S.A. 350-400m2/g
Silica, crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartzor cristobalite from occupational sources)
Silica, mesoporous MCM-48, 15 mum particle size, pore size 3 nm, Cubic pore morphology
Silica, mesoporous SBA-16, Silica, nanopowder, spec. surface area 175-225 m2/g (BET), 99.8% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, nanopowder, 10-20 nm particle size (BET), 99.5% trace metals basis
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide, 40% in H20, colloidal dispersion, 0.02 Micron Particles
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 105-130m2/g, -325 Mesh
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 105-145m2/g, -325 mesh
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 205-245m2/g, -325 mesh
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Dimethylacetamide)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethyl acetate)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,35 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,45 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: N-Methylpyrrolidone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Cyclohexanone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Ethylene Glycol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Dimethylacetamide)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Ethyl acetate)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Natural-diatomaceous earths: Trade names: Celatom, Celite, Clarcel; Decalite; Fina/Optima; Skamol
Precipitated silica: Trade Names: FK, Hi-Sil, Ketjensil, Neosyl, Nipsil, Sident, Sipernat; Spherosil; Tixosil; Ultrasil
Respirable alpha-quartz, NIST(R) SRM(R) 1878b, quantitative X-ray powder diffraction standard
Silica , crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartzor cristobalite from occupational sources)
Silica gel - technical grade, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 |m particle size, pore size 60+
Silica gel 60, with fluorescent indicator, 0.060-0.2mm (70-230 mesh), -70+230 Mesh Powder, S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel high-purity grade, pore size 60 ?, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 ?m particle size
Silica gel, 30 mum particle size (average), average pore diameter 60 ??, Suitable for normal-phase adsorption-partition chromatography
Silica gel, EMD Millipore, TLC grade (11695), 15 mum, pore size 60 ??, with silica/alumina binder
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7749), with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 633), pore size 60 ??, 200-425 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 636), pore size 60 ??, 35-60 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (puriss), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, HF254, without calcium sulfate, with fluorescent indicator, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 2-25 mum particle size, without binder, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 2-25 mum particle size, without binder, with fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 220-440 mesh particle size, 35-75 mum particle size, for flash chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size, for flash chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 5-25 mum particle size, without binder, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, with ~13% calcium sulfate, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, with ~15% calcium sulfate and fluorescent indicator, GF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 2.2 micron APS, 80 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 470m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 120 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 70 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 500m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC/UHPLC grade, spherical, 1.6 micron APS, 110 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 20 micron APS, 150 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 270m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g
Silica gel, technical grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), 60??, 230-400 mesh particle size, Ca 0.1-0.3 %
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder & fluorescent indicator,12 Micron APS,S.A. 500-600m2/g,60A,pH 6.5-7.5
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder, 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6-7
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, without binder, with fluorescent indic., 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6.5-7.5
Silica gel, TLC high-purity grade, 5-25 mum, pore size 60 ??, with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g
Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, SIPERNAT 22 S, nanopowder (spherical, porous), 5-15 nm particle size (TEM), 99.5% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, single crystal substrate, optical grade, 99.99% trace metals basis, <0001>, L x W x thickness 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,42 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 45 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)SIPERNAT 22 S is composed of synthetic amorphous silica, which is a form of SIPERNAT 22 S (SiO2).
SIPERNAT 22 S is one of the most important and abundant oxides on earth, constituting about 60% weight of the earth’s crust as silica itself or in combination with other metal oxides in silicates.

CAS Number: 7631-86-9
Molecular Formula: O2Si
Molecular weight: 60.08
EINECS: 231-545-4

SIPERNAT 22 S occurs almost everywhere on earth.
SIPERNAT 22 S commonly is found as sand in the vast ocean and river shores, their beds, deserts, rocks, and minerals.

SIPERNAT 22 S exists in several structural forms: polymorphic crystalline silica, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica.
This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for specialized applications.

SIPERNAT 22 S is produced through a precipitation process that results in fine, white powder particles with a high surface area.
SIPERNAT 22 S represents a specific product range of precipitated silica, aluminum, and calcium silicates.
SIPERNAT 22 S is silica with a high absorption capacity used as a flow and anticaking agent in many applications as well as a special-purpose ingredient for mechanical graphics papers.

In plant protection, SIPERNAT 22 S is recommended as a carrier in solid formulations such as wettable powders (WP) and water-dispersible granules (WG) if grinding is to be avoided.
Sipernat 22 S is a silica with a high absorption capacity.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a flow and anticaking agent.

SIPERNAT 22 S ensures porosity in polyethylene separators for acid/lead batteries.
SIPERNAT 22 S exhibits very low electrical resistance.
The specific particle size and structure of SIPERNAT 22 S may vary based on the manufacturing process and intended application.

SIPERNAT 22 S has a high surface area and a porous structure, which contributes to its performance-enhancing properties in various applications.
SIPERNAT 22 S food grade is a precipitated silica that generates good flowability into a mixed product.

When powdered ingredients are added to either wet or dry mixes, the possibility exists that too little or too much of the powder will end up within any given sample.
By adding SIPERNAT 22 S to nutritional supplements, your product will combine properly with the same ingredients in every bite, sip, or tablet.

Melting point: >1600 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
refractive index: 1.46
Flash point: 2230°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid. It dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
form: suspension
pka: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
Specific: Gravity 2.2
color: White to yellow
PH: 5-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 6: forms irreversible hydrate
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8493

SIPERNAT 22 S is manufactured to high purity standards to ensure consistent quality and performance in various applications.
The production process involves strict quality control measures to meet specific particle size distribution and other technical specifications.
In some cases, SIPERNAT 22 S may undergo surface treatment or be available in different grades to suit specific applications.

Surface treatments can modify the surface chemistry of the SIPERNAT 22 S particles, enhancing their compatibility with certain matrices or polymers.
SIPERNAT 22 S is compatible with a wide range of materials, including elastomers, plastics, resins, adhesives, and various liquid systems.
SIPERNAT 22 Ss versatility allows it to be incorporated into different formulations without causing significant adverse effects.

As a synthetic amorphous silica, SIPERNAT 22 S is considered relatively environmentally friendly.
It does not contain hazardous substances such as heavy metals, making it a safer alternative compared to some other fillers or additives.
Manufacturers of SIPERNAT 22 S adhere to relevant regulations and guidelines governing the use of silica in different industries, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for food-contact applications.

Companies that produce SIPERNAT 22 S often offer technical support to their customers, including guidance on product selection, application-specific recommendations, and problem-solving assistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S is typically available in various packaging options, including bags, drums, or bulk quantities, depending on the needs of the customer.

In addition to its industrial uses, SIPERNAT 22 S may also be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skincare items.
It is often used to provide texture, absorb excess oils, and improve the performance of various formulations.
SIPERNAT 22 S is a finely milled, hydrophilic silica.

SIPERNAT 22 S is primarily used as a free-flow agent in other applications.
SIPERNAT 22 S can also be used in-situ hydrophobized in defoamers.
The use of an alkaline catalyst is recommended.

SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds, improving tear resistance, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S can be used as a filler in plastics to enhance their mechanical properties and reduce production costs.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be added to adhesives and sealants to improve their thixotropic behavior and control viscosity.
SIPERNAT 22 S can be used in paints and coatings to provide anti-blocking properties and improve flow characteristics.
In these industries, SIPERNAT 22 S may be used as an anti-caking agent in powdered products to prevent clumping.

SIPERNAT 22 S is often used as a thickening agent or rheology modifier in different liquid systems, such as coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
SIPERNAT 22 S can help control viscosity and prevent sagging or settling of suspended particles.

In rubber compounds, SIPERNAT 22 S acts as a reinforcing filler, improving the mechanical properties of the rubber, including tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.
In food and pharmaceutical applications, it serves as an anti-caking agent, preventing powdered products from forming clumps and maintaining free-flowing characteristics.

In coatings and paints, SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a matting agent, providing a matte or low-gloss finish.
Its high surface area and porous structure make SIPERNAT 22 S useful for applications where absorption or adsorption properties are needed, such as in certain catalysts or desiccants.

Uses
SIPERNAT 22 S is also known as silicone dioxide.
SIPERNAT 22 S has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency.
It can also function as an abrasive.

SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel.
SIPERNAT 22 S is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight.
A typical claim associated with silica is oil control.

SIPERNAT 22 S is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations.
It has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds.

SIPERNAT 22 S enhances the mechanical properties of rubber products, such as tires, conveyor belts, gaskets, and seals, by improving tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S is employed as a filler in plastics to improve their mechanical strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability.
SIPERNAT 22 S can reduce production costs and provide additional benefits in plastic products such as automotive components, packaging materials, and consumer goods.

SIPERNAT 22 S acts as a matting agent in coatings and paints, providing a matte or low-gloss finish.
It is also used to control rheology, improve flow properties, and prevent sagging or settling of pigments in liquid coatings.
In adhesives and sealants, SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a rheology modifier to control viscosity and improve thixotropic behavior.

SIPERNAT 22 S functions as an anti-caking agent in powdered food products and pharmaceutical formulations.
It prevents clumping and improves the flowability of powders, ensuring a better user experience and product stability.
In cosmetics and personal care products, SIPERNAT 22 S is utilized as a texturizing agent and oil absorber.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be found in products such as powders, creams, lotions, and makeup formulations.
Due to its high surface area and porosity, SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a carrier material in catalyst formulations and as a desiccant to absorb moisture.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used in agriculture as an inert carrier for the delivery of active ingredients, such as in pesticide formulations.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be employed as a flow aid and anti-caking agent in foundry applications, ensuring smooth and consistent pouring of molds.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a flow and anticaking agent in many applications as well as a special-purpose ingredient for mechanical graphics papers.
In plant protection, this product is recommended as a carrier in solid formulations such as wettable powders (WP) and water-dispersible granules (WG) if grinding is to be avoided

SIPERNAT 22 S is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur).
This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes.
They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings.

SIPERNAT 22 S, amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed.
Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications.
Synthetic SIPERNAT 22 Ss are used as a rheology control agent in plastics.

SIPERNAT 22 S is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a performance additive in inks and toners for various printing applications.
It helps improve the flow properties of the ink, leading to better print quality and reduced clogging in printing equipment.

In powder coatings, SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a flow aid, improving the powder's handling and application characteristics.
SIPERNAT 22 S is sometimes used in the production of battery separator films.
These films are critical components in lithium-ion batteries, and the addition of silica can enhance their mechanical properties and thermal stability.

In some cleaning agents, SIPERNAT 22 S is utilized as a thickening agent to improve their texture and flow properties.
In the foundry industry, SIPERNAT 22 S can be added to resin-bonded molds and cores to enhance their strength and improve dimensional accuracy during casting processes.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used in plastic film applications as an anti-blocking agent.

SIPERNAT 22 S helps prevent the adhesion of film surfaces, reducing blocking during storage and handling.
SIPERNAT 22 S is incorporated into masterbatches, which are concentrated mixtures of pigments, additives, and resins used for coloration or enhancing properties in rubber and plastic processing.

In powdered food and beverage applications, SIPERNAT 22 S acts as an anti-caking and flow aid agent, ensuring proper dispersion and handling of the powdered products.
SIPERNAT 22 S can serve as a precursor in the production of silica gel, a widely used desiccant in various applications, including moisture control in packaging, electronics, and storage of sensitive items.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be used as a functional filler in abrasive products, improving their performance and durability.
SIPERNAT 22 S is sometimes used in the production of construction materials, such as sealants and caulks, to enhance their properties and performance.

Safety Profile
The pure unaltered form is considered a nuisance dust.
Some SIPERNAT 22 S contain small amounts of crystahne quartz and are therefore fibrogenic.
When SIPERNAT 22 S earth is calcined (with or without fluxing agents) some sdica is converted to cristobalite and is therefore fibrogenic.
Tridymite has never been detected in calcined batomaceous earth.

Dust Inhalation
Prolonged and excessive inhalation of fine SIPERNAT 22 S dust may lead to respiratory irritation or lung issues, particularly if adequate ventilation is not provided during handling or if the material is used in processes generating airborne dust.

Skin Irritation
Direct contact with SIPERNAT 22 S may cause skin irritation, especially in individuals with sensitive skin.
Prolonged contact should be avoided, and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when handling the material.

Eye Irritation
Accidental contact with SIPERNAT 22 S may cause eye irritation.
Safety goggles or protective eyewear should be worn when working with the material to prevent eye exposure.

Slip Hazards
Spilled SIPERNAT 22 S may create slippery surfaces, potentially leading to slip and fall accidents.
Promptly clean up any spills and ensure proper housekeeping practices are in place.
SIPERNAT 22 S is not combustible, but it is a fine powder that can disperse in the air and create a dust cloud, which could become flammable if exposed to an ignition source.

Synonyms
SIPERNAT 22 S
Silica
Dioxosilane
Quartz
7631-86-9
Cristobalite
Silicic anhydride
Tridymite
14808-60-7
Sand
112945-52-5
61790-53-2
KIESELGUHR
Aerosil
Silicon(IV) oxide
112926-00-8
Wessalon
Diatomaceous silica
Zorbax sil
Crystalline silica
Silica, amorphous
60676-86-0
Dicalite
Glass
Ludox
Nyacol
14464-46-1
Amorphous silica
QUARTZ (SIO2)
Cab-O-sil
Christensenite
Crystoballite
Sillikolloid
Extrusil
Santocel
Sipernat
Superfloss
Acticel
Carplex
Celite
Neosil
Neosyl
Porasil
Silikil
Siloxid
Zipax
Aerosil-degussa
Silicon oxide
Aerosil 380
Synthetic amorphous silica
White carbon
Quartz sand
Silica particles
Cab-o-sil M-5
Cristobalite (SiO2)
Vulkasil S
Snowtex O
Corasil II
Calcined diatomite
Silica, colloidal
Tokusil TPLM
Dri-Die
SILICA, VITREOUS
Cabosil st-1
Manosil vn 3
Ultrasil VH 3
Ultrasil VN 3
Aerosil bs-50
Carplex 30
Carplex 80
Snowtex 30
Zeofree 80
Aerosil K 7
Cabosil N 5
Syton 2X
Amorphous silica gel
Positive sol 232
91053-39-3
Siliziumdioxid
Aerogel 200
Aerosil 300
Amethyst
Aquafil
Cataloid
Chalcedony
Crysvarl
Diatomite
Flintshot
Ludox hs 40
Nalcoag
Novaculite
Silanox 101
Silica (SiO2)
Silikill
Vitasil 220
Vulkasil
Cherts
Snowit
Agate
Flint
Imsil
Metacristobalite
Positive sol 130M
Silica vitreous
Onyx
SIPERNAT 22 S (amorphous)
Aerosil A 300
Aerosil E 300
Aerosil M-300
alpha-Quartz
colloidal silica
Fossil flour
Fumed silica
Fused silica
Quartz dust
Quartz glass
Quartz silica
Rock crystal
Rose quartz
Silica dust
Silica slurry
Chromosorb P
SIPERNAT 22 S, fumed
Silicone dioxide
Tiger-eye
Caswell No. 734A
Nalfloc N 1050
Quso 51
Celite superfloss
Cristobalite dust
Silica, amorphous fused
Silver bond B
alpha-Cristobalite
alpha-Crystobalite
Cab-O-sperse
Colloidal SIPERNAT 22 S
Nalco 1050
Quso G 30
Gold bond R
Hydrophobic silica 2482
Kieselsaeureanhydrid
Sil-Co-Sil
Tridymite 118
Cab-O-grip II
Min-U-Sil
Siderite (SiO2)
Tridimite [French]
HI-Sil
15468-32-3
68855-54-9
Amorphous silica dust
Nyacol 830
Sibelite M 3000
Sibelite M 4000
Sibelite M 6000
SiO2
Quazo puro [Italian]
Sicron F 300
Sikron F 100
Spectrosil
Accusand
CCRIS 3699
Coesite
Fuselex
Nalcast
Nyacol 1430
Optocil
Quartzine
Quarzsand
Rancosil
Suprasil
Tridimite
Siltex
Silica aerogel
Tridymite dust
Vitreous quartz
Vitreous silica
W 12 (Filler)
beta-Quartz
Fused quartz
MIN-U-sil alpha quartz
Quartz-beta
(SiO2)n
Amorphous quartz
Dri-Die insecticide 67
Quazo puro
Vitrified silica
Silica, amorphous, fumed
Pyrogenic colloidal silica
UNII-ETJ7Z6XBU4
Silica, fumed
Silica, fused
Suprasil W
Vitreosil IR
ETJ7Z6XBU4
Borsil P
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous
Silane, dioxo-
Crystallized SIPERNAT 22 S
Optocil (quartz)
Silica 2482, hydrophobic
SIPERNAT 22 S, chemically prepared
CP-SilicaPLOT
EINECS 231-545-4
Silicon oxide, di- (sand)
CAB-O-SIL N-70TS
HK 400
Sand, Sea
Silica Gel, 40-63 Micron Particles
Quarzsand [German]
S-Col
Admafine SO 25H
Admafine SO 25R
Admafine SO 32H
Admafine SO-C 2
Admafine SO-C 3
Cristobalite asbestos
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605
Keatite (SiO2)
Kieselguhr, calcined
Sg-67
Tridymite (SiO2)
CI 7811
Fumed silica, crystalline-free
ED-C (silica)
Fuselex ZA 30
Stishovite (SiO2)
CCRIS 2475
DQ12
As 1 (silica)
Fumed synthetic amorphous silica
Silica, crystalline - tridymite
99439-28-8
Agate (SiO2)
FB 5 (silica)
Fuselex RD 120
CHEBI:30563
Corning 7940
Microcrystalline quartz
AI3-25549
Denka F 90
Denka FB 30
Denka FB 44
Denka FB 74
Denka FS 30
Dri-Die 67
Synthetic amorphous silica, fumed
Cryptocrystalline quartz
FB 20 (silica)
WGL 300
Elsil 100
F 44 (filler)
D & D
SF 35
Elsil BF 100
N1030
U 333
F 125 (silica)
F 160 (silica)
Fuselex RD 40-60
Silica, amorphous, fused
EINECS 238-455-4
EINECS 238-878-4
EINECS 239-487-1
Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh
43-63C
TGL 16319
Silica, crystalline quartz
SIPERNAT 22 S, colloidal
15723-40-7
SIPERNAT 22 S (vitreous)
ENT 25,550
Silica, amorphous, fumed, cryst.-free
Silica, crystalline, quartz
Silica, crystalline: quartz
[SiO2]
GP 7I
Precipitated amorphous silica
Silica, crystalline - fused
Silica, crystalline tridymite
Silica, crystalline - quartz
Silicagel
AF-SO 25R
Quartz [Silica, crystalline]
Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica)
Silica, crystalline: tridymite
GP 11I
INS NO.551
RD 8
Silica gel, pptd.,cryst.-free
13778-37-5
13778-38-6
17679-64-0
Silicondioxide
Silica gel desiccant, indicating
Tridymite [Silica, crystalline]
W 006
CRS 1102RD8
Sand, Ottawa
Silica, crystalline: cristobalite
INS-551
EF 10
FS 74
MR 84
Silica, crystalline - cristobalite
Cristobalite [Silica, crystalline]
Amorphous silica: Pyrogenic (fumed)
EINECS 262-373-8
silica gel desiccant
BF 100
EQ 912
MFCD00011232
MFCD00217788
QG 100
RD 120
Silica, amorphous,fumed, cryst.-free
Silica, mesostructured
O2Si
F 44
Y 40
O2-Si
SIMETHICONE COMPONENT SIPERNAT 22 S
E-551
EC 231-545-4
SIPERNAT 22 S COMPONENT OF SIMETHICONE
(SiO2)
SIPERNAT 22 S (II)
SIPERNAT 22 S [II]
92283-58-4
Silicates (<1% crystalline silica):Graphite, natural
Silicon Oxide Hollow Nanospheres
SILICA, AMORPHOUS (IARC)
SILICA, AMORPHOUS [IARC]
Celatom
Silica glass
Dioxide, Silicon
14639-89-5
SGA
Celite 545
Silica gel spherical, 40-75 mum particle size
tripolite
Cristobalita
Kieselglas
Ronasphere
Speriglass
Chromaton
Diatomita
Seesand
Spherica
Tridimita
Cuarzo
Siilca
Zorbax
quartz-glass
silica sand
Silicom dioxide
silica-gel
Fused-silica
pyrogenic silica
Silica,fumed
Chromosorb G
silica-
Fine grain sand
QuarZ
Chromaton N
Greensil K
silica gel white
Calofrig FJ
Silicon di-oxide
Zelec Sil
Armsorb GKhI
Silica Dispersion
SiO2 Nanopowder
Chromosorb P-AW
Silica gel G
Silotrat-1
Kieselsaureanhydrid
Silica, tridymite
SiO2 Nanospheres
Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescent indicator 254 nm
Ludox SM
Celite White Mist
Chromosorb P-NAW
Fossil Flour MBK
Precipitated silica
Silica Microspheres
Chromatron N Super
Sorbosil AC33
Sorbosil AC77
Sorbosil BFG50
Sorbosil TC15
Sand, white quartz
Silica , amorphous
Silica, crystalline
Silica: Crystalline
Quartz (Tridymite)
Silica gel, ASTM
Silica, SiO2
silicon (iv) oxide
Coesite (SiO2)
Methyl3-oxohexanoate
Silica, diatomaceous
Siliceous sand, CP
Sorbosil AC 35
Sorbosil AC 37
Sorbosil AC 39
Chalcedony (SiO2)
Neosil CBT50
Neosil CBT60
Neosil CBT60S
Neosil CBT70
Neosil CT11
Neosil PC10
Neosil PC50S
AEROSIC
Aerosil 200
Aquafil N 81
ARSIL
BIOSILICA
Cuarzo (SiO2)
DALTOSIL
DUROSIL
KOMSIL
MICROSIL
MILOWHITE
MIZUKASIL
NOVAKUP
OSCAL
PHOTOX
PREGEL
REOLOSIL
ROMSIL
SIFLOX
SILEX
SILICAFILM
SILICALITE
SILIPUR
SILMOS
SIONOX
SNOWTEX
Sorbpso; BFG10
SYTON
TOSIL
UNISIL
VERTICURINE
ZEOPAN
Kieselgur, ungebrannt
Wacker HDK H30
Celite 503
Cristobalita (SiO2)
ENTERO TEKNOSAL
Silica amorphous fumed
SOLUM DIATOMEAE
Spheron PL-700
AEROSIL PST
CATALOID SA
CATALOID SN
NALCAST PLW
Quartz (Cristobalite)
SANTOCEL CS
SNOWTEX OXS
SORBSIL MSG
ADELITE A
ELKEM SAND
FINESIL B
FUJIGEL B
FUSELEX X
GAROSIL GB
GAROSIL N
HIMESIL A
NEOSIL XV
NEOSYL GP
NIPSIL AQ
NIPSIL ER
NIPSIL ES
NIPSIL LP
NIPSIL NA
NIPSIL NS
NIPSIL NST
SANTOCEL Z
SIPERNAT 22 S Powder
SILTON AK
SNOWTEX AK
SNOWTEX C
SNOWTEX N
SNOWTEX OL
TOKUSIL GU
TOKUSIL N
TOKUSIL NR
TOKUSIL P
TOKUSIL U
TOKUSIL UR
VULKASIL C
Wacker HDK N 20
Wacker HDK T 30
Wacker HDK V 15
WESSALON S
LUDOX LS
LUDOX TM
NEOSIL A
Sea sand, acid washed
Silica, fumed, powder
SIPERNAT 22 S (NF)
SILTON A
SYTON FM
CRYSTALITE 5V
CRYSTALITE 5X
GLASGRAIN SG-A
IMSIL H
Neosil CL2000
Sand 50-70 mesh
Silica, Anhydrous 31
SILICA, QUARTZ
Spheron L-1500
Spheron N-2000
Spheron P-1000
Spheron P-1500
TOSIL P
Cab-O-Sil EH-5
Cab-O-Sil M-5P
Cab-O-Sil MS55
Celite Hyflo Super Cel
NIPSIL VN3LP
Silica gel, large pore
TOKUSIL GU-N
TOKUSIL GV-N
Wacker HDK N 20P
Wacker HDK N 25P
KAOWOOL RIGIDIZER
CRYSTALITE FM 1
CRYSTALITE NA 1
HYPERSIL 3
HYPERSIL 5
MSP-X
ULTRASIL VN 3SP
C2H6Cl2Si.O2Si
Hollow Silica Nanosphere
MIZUKASIL NP 8
MIZUKASIL SK 7
Silicon Oxide Dispersion
Silicon Oxide Nanopowder
CARPLEX FPS 1
CARPLEX FPS 3
Chromosorb P 60/80
NIPSIL VN 3AQ
SI-O-LITE
SILICA [INCI]
Silica amorphous hydrated
SUPERNAT 22LS
SYLOID SILICA GEL
ULTRASIL VN 2
CARPLEX CS 5
CRYSTALITE CMC 1
S-CO
silica fibers (biogenic)
SILICATE [VANDF]
SIPERNAT 22 S (silica)
SUPERNAT 50S
TOKUSIL AL 1
Celite (R) 545
Crystalline Silica Quartz
Glass (fibrous or dust)
MIZUKASIL P 78A
MIZUKASIL P 78F
Silica gel, ACS reagent
Silica gel, crystal-free
UNII-EU2PSP0G0W
Wacker HDK V 15 P
Celite(R) 512 medium
HYPERSIL 10
Kieselguhr, -325 mesh
NIPSIL VN 3
SAND [INCI]
SANTOCEL 54
SANTOCEL 62
Silica, 99.8%
SILNEX NP 8
SIPERNAT 22
SYLOBLOC 41
SYLOBLOC 44
SYLOBLOC 46
SYLOBLOC 47
ADELITE AT 20A
ADELITE AT 20Q
ADELITE AT 30S
CATALOID HS 40
CATALOID S 20L
CATALOID S 30H
CATALOID S 30L
CATALOID SI 40
HARIMIC SWC 05
MIZUKASIL P 78
SBA-15 Molecular Sieve
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder
SNOWTEX NCS 30
ADELITE 30
ADELITE AT 30
AEROSIL BS 50
AEROSIL FK 60
AEROSIL OX 50
CARPLEX 67
DSSTox_CID_9677
HISILEX EF 10
LUDOX 40HS
NIPSIL SS 50A
S-CO (FILLER)
SIPERNAT 22 S Dispersion
SILTON A 2
SILTON LP 75C
SILTON R 2
SNOWTEX 20
SNOWTEX 40
SUPERNAT 250S
TULLANOX A 50
ZEOTHIX 95
ZORBAX PSM 60
Cab-O-Sil LM-130
silica gel, cryst. -free
AEROSIL 130V
AEROSIL 200V
AEROSIL D 17
CATALOID SI 350
Celite Standard Super Cell
Epitope ID:158537
FINESIL E 50
FINESIL X 37
MIZUKASIL P 526
MIZUKASIL P 527
MIZUKASIL P 801
MIZUKASIL P 802
NEOSYL 81
NIPSIL SS 10
NIPSIL SS 50
PROTEK-SORB 121
REOLOSIL 202
REOLOSIL QS 102
SIDENT 12
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres
SOLEX (M)
SYLODENT 704
SYTON 30X
SYTON W 3
TULLANOX TM 500
ZEOSIL 175MP
ZEOSIL 75
ADELITE AD 321
AEROSIL A 200V
AEROSIL OK 412
AEROSIL TT 600
CAB-O-SIL HS 5
CAB-O-SIL MS 7
CAB-O-SIL ST 1
NALCOAG 2SS374
SILICA, CRISTOBALITE
Wacker HDK P 100 H
ZORBAX PSM 150
ZORBAX PSM 300
ZORBAX PSM 500
AEROSIL 175
AEROSIL 308
AEROSIL 360
CARPLEX 100
Celite(R) 503, CP
Celite(R) 535, CP
Celite(R) 545, CP
DAVISON 951
DENKA FB 90
DENKA FS 44
FLORITE 700
FRANSIL 251
IMSIL 10
KESTREL 600
LUDOX AS 40
LUDOX HS 30
LUDOX RS 40
MIN-U-SIL 5
NIPSIL 300A
SILICA GEL [VANDF]
SYLOX 15
TARANOX 500
UNISIL Q 30
ZEODENT 113
ZEOTHIX 265
AEROSIL A 130
AEROSIL A 175
AEROSIL A 200
AEROSIL A 380
AEROSIL K 315
AEROSIL M 300
AEROSIL R 912
AEROSIL R 960
CAB-O-SIL H 5
CAB-O-SIL L 5
CAB-O-SIL M 5
CAB-O-SIL N 5
FLORITE S 700
FLORITE S 800
LUFILEN E 100
NALCOAG 1034A
Nano SIPERNAT 22 S Powder
NIPSIL B 220A
NIPSIL E 150J
NIPSIL E 150K
NIPSIL E 150V
NIPSIL E 200A
NIPSIL E 220A
SILCRON G 100
SILCRON G 640
Silica gel 40-60Angstoms
TIX-O-SIL 33J
TIX-O-SIL 38A
AROGEN 500
CAB-O-SIL LM 50
Chromosorb P 100/120
DSSTox_RID_78805
EMSAC 460S
EMSAC 465T
IMSIL A 10
IMSIL A 15
IMSIL A 25
NEOSYL 186
NEOSYL 224
NUCLEOSIL 100-5
QUSO WR 55
QUSO WR 82
Respirable crystalline silica
silica gel 60g (type60)
silica gel 60h (type60)
SSA 1
SSK 5
ST 30 (MINERAL)
SYTON W 15
SYTON W 30
SYTON X 30
UNII-2RF6EJ0M85
ZEOSYL 100
ZEOSYL 200
ZORBAX PSM 1000
CAB-O-SIL MS 75D
CAB-O-SIL N 70TS
CARPLEX 1120
CELATOM(R) FW-60
DSSTox_GSID_29677
FILLITE 52/7
IMSIL A 108H
MIN-U-SIL 15
MIN-U-SIL 30
NALCO 2SS374
NALCO CD 100
NALCOAG 1030
NALCOAG 1050
NALCOAG 1060
NALCOAG 1115
NALCOAG 1129
NALCOAG 1140
NIPSIL E 150
NIPSIL E 200
NIPSIL G 300
NIPSIL L 300
NYACOL 2034A
P 2 (SILICA)
Pesticide Code 072605.
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid washed
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid-washed
VITASIL 1500
VITASIL 1600
ZEOSIL 1000V
BS 30 (FILLER)
BS 50 (SILICA)
CAB-M 5
CAB-O-SIL L 90
Diatomaceous earth non-washed
EP 10TP
HKDN 20
NALFLOC N 1030
SILICA GEL [WHO-DD]
Silica, hydrate(8CI,9CI)
Silica, hydrophobic colloidal
Silicon(IV) oxide (SiO2)
Tridimita (SiO2) (9CI)
LO-VEL 24
LO-VEL 27
Silica, fused respirable dust
SIPERNAT 22 S, Precipitated
EXSIL A 300
F 40 (SILICA)
FILLITE 200/7
IATROBEADS 6RS8060
IMSIL A 108
NALCO 1034A
NALCO 84SS258
Silica fibers, 1/4'' long
SIPERNAT 22 S [FCC]
SILICON OXIDE (SIO2)
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous
TIX-O-SIL 375
TS 100 (SILICA)
ZEOSYL 2000
CATALOID OSCAL 1432
Kieselguhr, calcined, purified
Silica gel, CP, blue, beads
Silica, crystalline, tridymite
SIPERNAT 22 S, amorphous gel
SILICA DIMETHYL SILYLATE
Silica Gel 60-100 MESH
Silica, fused, respirable dust
25wt% Silicon Oxide in Water
AW Standard Super-Cel(R) NF
B-6C
C2-H6-Cl2-Si.O2-Si
FK 320DS
HDK-N 20
HDK-S 15
HDK-V 15
HSDB 682
IMSIL 1240
MCM-41
NALCO 1115
NALCO 1129
NALCO 1140
OSCAL 1132
OSCAL 1232
OSCAL 1432
OSCAL 1433
OSCAL 1434
Silica gel, amorphous synthetic
Silica gel, CP, white, beads
SIPUR 1500
SYLOID 244 [VANDF]
ZEO 49
Hyflo(R) Super-Cel(R), CP
SIPERNAT 22 S (SIO2)
SIPERNAT 22 S [VANDF]
CHEMBL3188292
DTXSID1029677
DTXSID6050465
Filter agent, Celite(R) 545
IATROBEADS GRS 80100
Sand, white quartz, CP, beads
silica gel 60gf254(type60)
silica gel 60hf254(type60)
Silicagel 60A 40-63 micron
SILICONE DIOXIDE [VANDF]
AEROSIL S 504BT320
B-CEL 300
Quarz cryst., 0.6-1.3 mm
Silica gel, pptd., cryst.-free
SIPERNAT 22 S, colloidal (NF)
DCF 784
DEP 002
MAS 200
MSS-500
SILICA, AMORPHOUS HYDRATED
Silica, crystalline, cristobalite
SILICA, HYDRATED AMORPHOUS
SIPERNAT 22 S [WHO-DD]
SIPERNAT 22 S, SAJ first grade
TMC 200
XOB 075
Silicagel LC60A 40-63 micron
SYLOID SILICA GEL [VANDF]
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BS 30
BS 50
GP 71
Silica Gel Dessicant (Grade 03)
Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size
SILICA GEL,PPTD.CRYST-FREE
Silica, fused, - Respirable dust
SS 10
ST 30
SX 10
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-14
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-50
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-60
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-80
Silica, amorphous - inhalable dust
Silica, fused [Silica, amorphous]
SIPERNAT 22 S, JIS special grade
Silicon Oxide Mesoporous Nanopowder
AMORPHOUS PRECIPITATED SILICA
AMY37125
Chromosorb(R) G, 80-100 mesh
Silica, hydrophobic colloidal [NF]
2-Mercaptoethyl ethyl sulfide silica
Celite(R) 545 AW, reagent grade
EINECS 271-893-4
NALCO 8455-258
Silica Hollow Nanospheres Dispersion
Silica, amorphous - respirable dust
Silicon(IV) oxide, electronic grade
Tox21_301288
BS 100
BS 120
HK 125
KS 300
KS 380
KS 404
LC3025
LC4005
LC4025
LS-866
MFCD00148266
MFCD00603035
MFCD02100519
MFCD06202255
MFCD07370733
PC 100
Sand, white quartz, CP, crystalline
Silica gel, indicating, 6-16 mesh
TK 900
Chromosorb(R) W/AW, 45-60 mesh
Light anhydrous silicic acid (JP17)
Quarz fine, cryst., 0.4-0.8 mm
Silica gel, 70-200 mesh (TLC)
Silica, fumed, powder, 0.008 mum
AKOS009085429
Colloidal silica, 30% susp. in H2O
Silica gel, spherical, 300 angstroms
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres Properties
CS-O-30773
DB11132
Iron Sulfide (FeS) Sputtering Targets
LS-2422
S 1-45D
Glass spheres, 9-13 mum particle size
s25266
Silica gel, CP, white, medium granules
Silica gel, technical grade, 3-9 mesh
Silica, mesostructured, HMS (wormhole)
NCGC00257531-01
Sand, white quartz, purum p.a., powder
Silica gel orange, granular, 0.2-1 mm
Silica, amorphous, precipitated and gel.
Silica, crystalline (as respirable dust)
SIPERNAT 22 S amorphous fumed silica
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 0.5 micron
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 1.0 micron
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 1.5 micron
SILICONE DIOXIDE COATINGS FOR PET
E551
Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size, medium
Silica gel, technical grade, 6-16 mesh
Silicon oxide powder, 99% Nano, 20 nm
CAS-7631-86-9
Silica gel desiccant, -3+8 mesh granules
Silica gel, 12-24 mesh (liquid drying)
Silica gel, for column chromatography, 60
Silica gel, precipitated, crystalline free
Silica gel, precipitated, crystalline-free
Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline free
Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline-free
(Silica, crystalline (as respirable dust))
Celite(R) 281, filter aid, flux calcined
Celite(R) S, filter aid, dried, untreated
Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh
Dusts containing less than 10% free silica
HY-154739
LS-145280
LS-145284
LS-145287
Silica gel desiccant, -6+12 mesh granules
SIPERNAT 22 S, purum p.a., acid purified
White Silica Gel Beads, 3 mm (2-5 mm)
CS-0694521
F 307
FT-0624621
FT-0645127
FT-0689145
FT-0689270
FT-0696592
FT-0696603
FT-0697331
FT-0697389
FT-0700917
Quartz rod, fused, 2.0mm (0.079in) dia
S 600
S0822
Silica gel, with 1-4 mm moisture indicator
Silica, amorphous, fumed (crystalline free)
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder KH550 processing
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder KH570 processing
Silicon(IV) oxide, 99.0% (metals basis)
SYNTHETIC CRYSTALLINE-FREE SILICA GEL
Celite(R) 110, filter aid, flux calcinated
Celite(R) 512 medium, filter aid, calcined
Chromosorb(R) G/AW-DMCS, 100-120 mesh
Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 120-140 mesh
K-411 Glass microspheres, NIST SRM 2066
SILICA GEL, PRECIPITATED, CRYSTAL-FREE
Silica gel, technical grade 40, 6-12 mesh
Silica, crystalline quartz, - Respirable dust
Silica, crystalline-quartz; (SIPERNAT 22 S)
C18 Silica Gel, Endcapped, 60A, 40-63um
D05839
D06521
D06522
D78143
Sand, white quartz, 50-70 mesh particle size
Silica, crystalline-quartz; (SIPERNAT 22 S)
Silica, mesostructured, MSU-F (cellular foam)
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous Gel, 15% In Water
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous Gel, 40% In Water
Celite(R) 209, filter aid, natural, untreated
Celite(R) Analytical Filter Aid II (CAFA II)
Glass sand, NIST(R) SRM(R) 165a, low iron
Silica gel spherical, 75-200 mum particle size
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 922, -200 mesh
Silica gel, large pore, P.Vol. ca. 1.65cc/g
Silica, Amorphous - Precipitated and gel, Total
Silica, crystalline tridymite, - Respirable dust
Silicon Oxide (Silica, SIPERNAT 22 S, quartz)
Silicon oxide powder, 99.5% Nano, 15-20 nm
D 11-10
Q116269
Sand for sand sieve analysis, NIST(R) RM 8010
Silica gel, GF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, HF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, Type III, Indicating, for desiccation
Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 100 microg/mL in H2O
Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O
Silica, mesostructured, MCM-41 type (hexagonal)
SIPERNAT 22 S, purum p.a., acid purified, sand
Standard Super Cel(R) fine, filter aid, calcined
Celite(R) 500 fine, filter aid, dried, untreated
Collodial Silica in Aqueous Solution (nanoparticles)
Glass sand, NIST(R) SRM(R) 1413, high alumina
J-002874
Sand, white quartz, >=99.995% trace metals basis
Silica gel, large pore, P.V. ca. 1cc/g, 8 mesh
Silica gel, technical grade, 1-3 mm particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, 3-6 mm particle size
Silica gel, with moisture indicator (blue), coarse
Silica, crystalline cristobalite, - Respirable dust
Celpure(R) P65, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 2 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 3 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 4 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 5 mum
Quartz lid for 30ml quartz crucible, fused, ID 48mm
Silica gel 60, 0.060-0.2mm (70-230 mesh)
Silica gel desiccant, indicating, <1% Cobalt chloride
Silica gel, -60-120 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica, Amorphous - Precipitated and gel, Respirable
SIPERNAT 22 S, AMORPHOUS AND HIGHLY DISPERSED
Silicon(IV) oxide, 15% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Silicon(IV) oxide, 30% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Silicon(IV) oxide, 50% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Synthetic-fused silica: Trade Names: Suprasil; TAFQ
Celpure(R) P100, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Celpure(R) P1000, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Celpure(R) P300, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 0.5 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 1.0 mum
Silica Dispersion (SiO2, Aqueous Dispersion, Amorphous)
Silica gel 60, 0.032-0.063mm (230-450 mesh)
Silica gel 60, 0.036-0.071mm (215-400 mesh)
Silica gel 60, 0.040-0.063mm (230-400 mesh)
Silica gel desiccant, indicating, -6+16 mesh granules
Silica gel, with moisture indicator (blue), -6-20 mesh
Silica, mesostructured, MSU-H (large pore 2D hexagonal)
Silica, mesostructured, SBA-15, 99% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S (Silica) Nanodispersion Type A (20nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S (Silica) Nanodispersion Type B (20nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S, -325 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, washed and calcined, analytical reagent
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 85-115m2/g
SYNTHETIC AMORPHOUS SILICA,FUMED,CRYSTALLINE FREE
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (SBA-15 Type)
Chromosorb(R) W, AW-DMCS, 100-120 mesh particle size
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 0.15 mum
Silica gel, high-purity grade (15111), pore size 60 ??
Silica Slurry (SiO2, Purity: 99%, Diameter: 15-20nm)
Silica, mesoporous, 1 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 1 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 2 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 2 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 3 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 3 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica,fumed, hydrophilic, specific surface area 200 m2/g
Silica,fumed, hydrophilic, specific surface area 400 m2/g
SIPERNAT 22 S; synthetic amorphous SIPERNAT 22 S (nano)
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 300-350m?/g
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 350-420m2/g
Amorphous silica: Vitreous silica, quartz glass, fused silica
LUDOX(R) AM colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) CL colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) CL-X colloidal silica, 45 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) LS colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) SM colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TMA colloidal silica, 34 wt. % suspension in H2O
Silica gel orange, with moisture indicator free of heavy metals
Silica gel, high-purity grade, FIA according to DIN 51791
Silica, mesoporous, 0.5 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 0.5 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid washed and calcined, Analytical Reagent
SIPERNAT 22 S, crystalline (fine), coating quality, >=99.9%
Chromosorb(R) P, NAW, 60-80 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, AW, 80-100 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, HP, 60-80 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
LUDOX(R) AS-30 colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) AS-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) HS-30 colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) HS-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TM-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TM-50 colloidal silica, 50 wt. % suspension in H2O
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 22, pore size 60 ??, 60-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 60??, 35-60 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 3 micron APS, 120 angstroms
Silica gel, technical grade (w/ fluorescent indicator), 60 F254
Silica gel, Type H, without binder, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, Type II, 3.5 mm bead size, Suitable for desiccation
Silica, fumed, powder, 0.2-0.3 mum avg. part. size (aggregate)
SIPERNAT 22 S Dispersion (SiO2, Aqueous Dispersion, Amorphous)
SIPERNAT 22 S, for cleaning of platinum crucibles, calcined, crude
SIPERNAT 22 S, fused (pieces), 4 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis
Silicon oxide, catalyst support, high surface area, S.A.250m2/g
Silicon(IV) oxide, 99.5% (metals basis) , -325 Mesh Powder
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (1D-Hexagonal SBA-41 Type)
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (3D-Cubic MCM-48 Type)
Celatom(R), acid-washed, for use in Total Dietary Fiber Assay, TDF-100A
Chromosorb(R) G, HP, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) P, AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, AW, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, HP, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
NBS 28 (silicon and oxygen isotopes in silica sand), NIST(R) RM 8546
Pyrogenic or fumed silica: Trade Names: Aerosil; Cab-O-Sil; HDK; Reolosil
Quartz disc, fused, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 1.59mm (0.06in) thick
Quartz disc, fused, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.13in) thick
Quartz disc, fused, 76.2 (3.0 in) dia x 3.18mm (0.13in) thick
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 25.4x25.4x1.0mm (1.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 50.8x25.4x1.0mm (2.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 76.2x25.4x1.0mm (3.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Silica gel 60, 0.105-0.2mm (70-150 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel, high purity, 90??, 35-70 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7734), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7754), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, >=400 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, 35-70 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 90??, 15-25 mum, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 40 ??, 35-70 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, >=400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 200-425 mesh particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum
Silica Nanoparticles Dispersion (SiO2, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 50-80nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S, ~99%, 0.5 - 10 um (approx. 80% between 1-5 um)
SIPERNAT 22 S, ~99%, 0.5-10 mum (approx. 80% between 1-5 mum)
SIPERNAT 22 S, fused (granular), 4-20 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis
Silicon Oxide Hollow NanospheresSIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres Properties
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Toluene)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Hollow Silica Nanospheres Dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80-100nm)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 20 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 25 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 30 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 20 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 25 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 30 wt.%)
Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescence indicator 254 nm
Silica gel 60, 0.019-0.037mm (400-600 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel 60, 0.062-0.105mm (150-230 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 710, pore size 50-76 ??, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (10180), pore size 40 ??, 70-230 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (9385), pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 12), pore size 22 ??, 28-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 62), pore size 150 ??, 60-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 635), pore size 60 ??, 60-100 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 643), pore size 150 ??, 200-425 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 646), 35-60 mesh, pore size 150 ??
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 923), pore size 30 ??, 100-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 100??, 200-400 mesh, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40??, 230-400 mesh, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 60??, gypsum ~13 %, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 90??, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, for thin layer chromatography, H, without calcium sulfate
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 130-270 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 200-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, 5-15 mum, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 10 micron APS, 60 angstroms
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 7.5 micron APS, 120 angstroms
Silica gel, wide pore, 150 angstroms, -100+200 Mesh, S.A. 350-400m2/g
Silica, crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartzor cristobalite from occupational sources)
Silica, mesoporous MCM-48, 15 mum particle size, pore size 3 nm, Cubic pore morphology
Silica, mesoporous SBA-16, Silica, nanopowder, spec. surface area 175-225 m2/g (BET), 99.8% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, nanopowder, 10-20 nm particle size (BET), 99.5% trace metals basis
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide, 40% in H20, colloidal dispersion, 0.02 Micron Particles
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 105-130m2/g, -325 Mesh
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 105-145m2/g, -325 mesh
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 205-245m2/g, -325 mesh
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Dimethylacetamide)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethyl acetate)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,35 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,45 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: N-Methylpyrrolidone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Cyclohexanone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Ethylene Glycol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Dimethylacetamide)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Ethyl acetate)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Natural-diatomaceous earths: Trade names: Celatom, Celite, Clarcel; Decalite; Fina/Optima; Skamol
Precipitated silica: Trade Names: FK, Hi-Sil, Ketjensil, Neosyl, Nipsil, Sident, Sipernat; Spherosil; Tixosil; Ultrasil
Respirable alpha-quartz, NIST(R) SRM(R) 1878b, quantitative X-ray powder diffraction standard
Silica , crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartzor cristobalite from occupational sources)
Silica gel - technical grade, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 |m particle size, pore size 60+
Silica gel 60, with fluorescent indicator, 0.060-0.2mm (70-230 mesh), -70+230 Mesh Powder, S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel high-purity grade, pore size 60 ?, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 ?m particle size
Silica gel, 30 mum particle size (average), average pore diameter 60 ??, Suitable for normal-phase adsorption-partition chromatography
Silica gel, EMD Millipore, TLC grade (11695), 15 mum, pore size 60 ??, with silica/alumina binder
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7749), with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 633), pore size 60 ??, 200-425 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 636), pore size 60 ??, 35-60 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (puriss), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, HF254, without calcium sulfate, with fluorescent indicator, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 2-25 mum particle size, without binder, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 2-25 mum particle size, without binder, with fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 220-440 mesh particle size, 35-75 mum particle size, for flash chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size, for flash chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 5-25 mum particle size, without binder, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, with ~13% calcium sulfate, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, with ~15% calcium sulfate and fluorescent indicator, GF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 2.2 micron APS, 80 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 470m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 120 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 70 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 500m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC/UHPLC grade, spherical, 1.6 micron APS, 110 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 20 micron APS, 150 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 270m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g
Silica gel, technical grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), 60??, 230-400 mesh particle size, Ca 0.1-0.3 %
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder & fluorescent indicator,12 Micron APS,S.A. 500-600m2/g,60A,pH 6.5-7.5
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder, 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6-7
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, without binder, with fluorescent indic., 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6.5-7.5
Silica gel, TLC high-purity grade, 5-25 mum, pore size 60 ??, with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g
Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, SIPERNAT 22 S, nanopowder (spherical, porous), 5-15 nm particle size (TEM), 99.5% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, single crystal substrate, optical grade, 99.99% trace metals basis, <0001>, L x W x thickness 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,42 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 45 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)SIPERNAT 22 S is composed of synthetic amorphous silica, which is a form of SIPERNAT 22 S (SiO2).
SIPERNAT 22 S is one of the most important and abundant oxides on earth, constituting about 60% weight of the earth’s crust as silica itself or in combination with other metal oxides in silicates.

CAS Number: 7631-86-9
Molecular Formula: O2Si
Molecular weight: 60.08
EINECS: 231-545-4

SIPERNAT 22 S occurs almost everywhere on earth.
SIPERNAT 22 S commonly is found as sand in the vast ocean and river shores, their beds, deserts, rocks, and minerals.

SIPERNAT 22 S exists in several structural forms: polymorphic crystalline silica, synthetic quartz crystals, amorphous silica, and vitreous silica.
This classification is not complete as there are other forms of silica synthesized for specialized applications.

SIPERNAT 22 S is produced through a precipitation process that results in fine, white powder particles with a high surface area.
SIPERNAT 22 S represents a specific product range of precipitated silica, aluminum, and calcium silicates.
SIPERNAT 22 S is silica with a high absorption capacity used as a flow and anticaking agent in many applications as well as a special-purpose ingredient for mechanical graphics papers.

In plant protection, SIPERNAT 22 S is recommended as a carrier in solid formulations such as wettable powders (WP) and water-dispersible granules (WG) if grinding is to be avoided.
Sipernat 22 S is a silica with a high absorption capacity.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a flow and anticaking agent.

SIPERNAT 22 S ensures porosity in polyethylene separators for acid/lead batteries.
SIPERNAT 22 S exhibits very low electrical resistance.
The specific particle size and structure of SIPERNAT 22 S may vary based on the manufacturing process and intended application.

SIPERNAT 22 S has a high surface area and a porous structure, which contributes to its performance-enhancing properties in various applications.
SIPERNAT 22 S food grade is a precipitated silica that generates good flowability into a mixed product.

When powdered ingredients are added to either wet or dry mixes, the possibility exists that too little or too much of the powder will end up within any given sample.
By adding SIPERNAT 22 S to nutritional supplements, your product will combine properly with the same ingredients in every bite, sip, or tablet.

Melting point: >1600 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: >100 °C(lit.)
Density: 2.2-2.6 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 13.3hPa at 1732℃
refractive index: 1.46
Flash point: 2230°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Practically insoluble in water and in mineral acids except hydrofluoric acid. It dissolves in hot solutions of alkali hydroxides.
form: suspension
pka: 6.65-9.8[at 20 ℃]
Specific: Gravity 2.2
color: White to yellow
PH: 5-8 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)(slurry)
Odor: at 100.00?%. odorless
Water Solubility: insoluble
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 6: forms irreversible hydrate
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,8493

SIPERNAT 22 S is manufactured to high purity standards to ensure consistent quality and performance in various applications.
The production process involves strict quality control measures to meet specific particle size distribution and other technical specifications.
In some cases, SIPERNAT 22 S may undergo surface treatment or be available in different grades to suit specific applications.

Surface treatments can modify the surface chemistry of the SIPERNAT 22 S particles, enhancing their compatibility with certain matrices or polymers.
SIPERNAT 22 S is compatible with a wide range of materials, including elastomers, plastics, resins, adhesives, and various liquid systems.
SIPERNAT 22 Ss versatility allows it to be incorporated into different formulations without causing significant adverse effects.

As a synthetic amorphous silica, SIPERNAT 22 S is considered relatively environmentally friendly.
It does not contain hazardous substances such as heavy metals, making it a safer alternative compared to some other fillers or additives.
Manufacturers of SIPERNAT 22 S adhere to relevant regulations and guidelines governing the use of silica in different industries, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations for food-contact applications.

Companies that produce SIPERNAT 22 S often offer technical support to their customers, including guidance on product selection, application-specific recommendations, and problem-solving assistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S is typically available in various packaging options, including bags, drums, or bulk quantities, depending on the needs of the customer.

In addition to its industrial uses, SIPERNAT 22 S may also be found in some personal care products, such as cosmetics and skincare items.
It is often used to provide texture, absorb excess oils, and improve the performance of various formulations.
SIPERNAT 22 S is a finely milled, hydrophilic silica.

SIPERNAT 22 S is primarily used as a free-flow agent in other applications.
SIPERNAT 22 S can also be used in-situ hydrophobized in defoamers.
The use of an alkaline catalyst is recommended.

SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds, improving tear resistance, tensile strength, and abrasion resistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S can be used as a filler in plastics to enhance their mechanical properties and reduce production costs.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be added to adhesives and sealants to improve their thixotropic behavior and control viscosity.
SIPERNAT 22 S can be used in paints and coatings to provide anti-blocking properties and improve flow characteristics.
In these industries, SIPERNAT 22 S may be used as an anti-caking agent in powdered products to prevent clumping.

SIPERNAT 22 S is often used as a thickening agent or rheology modifier in different liquid systems, such as coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
SIPERNAT 22 S can help control viscosity and prevent sagging or settling of suspended particles.

In rubber compounds, SIPERNAT 22 S acts as a reinforcing filler, improving the mechanical properties of the rubber, including tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.
In food and pharmaceutical applications, it serves as an anti-caking agent, preventing powdered products from forming clumps and maintaining free-flowing characteristics.

In coatings and paints, SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a matting agent, providing a matte or low-gloss finish.
Its high surface area and porous structure make SIPERNAT 22 S useful for applications where absorption or adsorption properties are needed, such as in certain catalysts or desiccants.

Uses
SIPERNAT 22 S is also known as silicone dioxide.
SIPERNAT 22 S has a variety of applications: to control a product’s viscosity, add bulk, and reduce a formulation’s transparency.
It can also function as an abrasive.

SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a carrier for emollients, and may be used to improve a formulation’s skin feel.
SIPERNAT 22 S is porous and highly absorbent, with absorption capabilities roughly 1.5 times its weight.
A typical claim associated with silica is oil control.

SIPERNAT 22 S is found in sunscreens, scrubs, and wide range of other skin care, makeup, and hair care preparations.
It has been successfully used in hypoallergenic and allergy-tested formulations.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a reinforcing filler in rubber compounds.

SIPERNAT 22 S enhances the mechanical properties of rubber products, such as tires, conveyor belts, gaskets, and seals, by improving tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance.
SIPERNAT 22 S is employed as a filler in plastics to improve their mechanical strength, stiffness, and dimensional stability.
SIPERNAT 22 S can reduce production costs and provide additional benefits in plastic products such as automotive components, packaging materials, and consumer goods.

SIPERNAT 22 S acts as a matting agent in coatings and paints, providing a matte or low-gloss finish.
It is also used to control rheology, improve flow properties, and prevent sagging or settling of pigments in liquid coatings.
In adhesives and sealants, SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a rheology modifier to control viscosity and improve thixotropic behavior.

SIPERNAT 22 S functions as an anti-caking agent in powdered food products and pharmaceutical formulations.
It prevents clumping and improves the flowability of powders, ensuring a better user experience and product stability.
In cosmetics and personal care products, SIPERNAT 22 S is utilized as a texturizing agent and oil absorber.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be found in products such as powders, creams, lotions, and makeup formulations.
Due to its high surface area and porosity, SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a carrier material in catalyst formulations and as a desiccant to absorb moisture.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used in agriculture as an inert carrier for the delivery of active ingredients, such as in pesticide formulations.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be employed as a flow aid and anti-caking agent in foundry applications, ensuring smooth and consistent pouring of molds.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a flow and anticaking agent in many applications as well as a special-purpose ingredient for mechanical graphics papers.
In plant protection, this product is recommended as a carrier in solid formulations such as wettable powders (WP) and water-dispersible granules (WG) if grinding is to be avoided

SIPERNAT 22 S is mined from deposits of diatomaceous soft chalk-like rock (keiselghur).
This is an important group of extender pigments, which is used in a variety of particle sizes.
They are used as a flatting agent to reduce gloss of clear coatings and to impart shear thinning flow properties to coatings.

SIPERNAT 22 S, amorphous is used as carriers, processing aids, anti-caking and free-flow agents in animal feed.
Defoamer applications such as paint, food, paper, textile and other industrial applications.
Synthetic SIPERNAT 22 Ss are used as a rheology control agent in plastics.

SIPERNAT 22 S is also used to manufacture adhesives, sealants and silicones.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used as a performance additive in inks and toners for various printing applications.
It helps improve the flow properties of the ink, leading to better print quality and reduced clogging in printing equipment.

In powder coatings, SIPERNAT 22 S can act as a flow aid, improving the powder's handling and application characteristics.
SIPERNAT 22 S is sometimes used in the production of battery separator films.
These films are critical components in lithium-ion batteries, and the addition of silica can enhance their mechanical properties and thermal stability.

In some cleaning agents, SIPERNAT 22 S is utilized as a thickening agent to improve their texture and flow properties.
In the foundry industry, SIPERNAT 22 S can be added to resin-bonded molds and cores to enhance their strength and improve dimensional accuracy during casting processes.
SIPERNAT 22 S is used in plastic film applications as an anti-blocking agent.

SIPERNAT 22 S helps prevent the adhesion of film surfaces, reducing blocking during storage and handling.
SIPERNAT 22 S is incorporated into masterbatches, which are concentrated mixtures of pigments, additives, and resins used for coloration or enhancing properties in rubber and plastic processing.

In powdered food and beverage applications, SIPERNAT 22 S acts as an anti-caking and flow aid agent, ensuring proper dispersion and handling of the powdered products.
SIPERNAT 22 S can serve as a precursor in the production of silica gel, a widely used desiccant in various applications, including moisture control in packaging, electronics, and storage of sensitive items.

SIPERNAT 22 S can be used as a functional filler in abrasive products, improving their performance and durability.
SIPERNAT 22 S is sometimes used in the production of construction materials, such as sealants and caulks, to enhance their properties and performance.

Safety Profile
The pure unaltered form is considered a nuisance dust.
Some SIPERNAT 22 S contain small amounts of crystahne quartz and are therefore fibrogenic.
When SIPERNAT 22 S earth is calcined (with or without fluxing agents) some sdica is converted to cristobalite and is therefore fibrogenic.
Tridymite has never been detected in calcined batomaceous earth.

Dust Inhalation
Prolonged and excessive inhalation of fine SIPERNAT 22 S dust may lead to respiratory irritation or lung issues, particularly if adequate ventilation is not provided during handling or if the material is used in processes generating airborne dust.

Skin Irritation
Direct contact with SIPERNAT 22 S may cause skin irritation, especially in individuals with sensitive skin.
Prolonged contact should be avoided, and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) should be used when handling the material.

Eye Irritation
Accidental contact with SIPERNAT 22 S may cause eye irritation.
Safety goggles or protective eyewear should be worn when working with the material to prevent eye exposure.

Slip Hazards
Spilled SIPERNAT 22 S may create slippery surfaces, potentially leading to slip and fall accidents.
Promptly clean up any spills and ensure proper housekeeping practices are in place.
SIPERNAT 22 S is not combustible, but it is a fine powder that can disperse in the air and create a dust cloud, which could become flammable if exposed to an ignition source.

Synonyms
SIPERNAT 22 S
Silica
Dioxosilane
Quartz
7631-86-9
Cristobalite
Silicic anhydride
Tridymite
14808-60-7
Sand
112945-52-5
61790-53-2
KIESELGUHR
Aerosil
Silicon(IV) oxide
112926-00-8
Wessalon
Diatomaceous silica
Zorbax sil
Crystalline silica
Silica, amorphous
60676-86-0
Dicalite
Glass
Ludox
Nyacol
14464-46-1
Amorphous silica
QUARTZ (SIO2)
Cab-O-sil
Christensenite
Crystoballite
Sillikolloid
Extrusil
Santocel
Sipernat
Superfloss
Acticel
Carplex
Celite
Neosil
Neosyl
Porasil
Silikil
Siloxid
Zipax
Aerosil-degussa
Silicon oxide
Aerosil 380
Synthetic amorphous silica
White carbon
Quartz sand
Silica particles
Cab-o-sil M-5
Cristobalite (SiO2)
Vulkasil S
Snowtex O
Corasil II
Calcined diatomite
Silica, colloidal
Tokusil TPLM
Dri-Die
SILICA, VITREOUS
Cabosil st-1
Manosil vn 3
Ultrasil VH 3
Ultrasil VN 3
Aerosil bs-50
Carplex 30
Carplex 80
Snowtex 30
Zeofree 80
Aerosil K 7
Cabosil N 5
Syton 2X
Amorphous silica gel
Positive sol 232
91053-39-3
Siliziumdioxid
Aerogel 200
Aerosil 300
Amethyst
Aquafil
Cataloid
Chalcedony
Crysvarl
Diatomite
Flintshot
Ludox hs 40
Nalcoag
Novaculite
Silanox 101
Silica (SiO2)
Silikill
Vitasil 220
Vulkasil
Cherts
Snowit
Agate
Flint
Imsil
Metacristobalite
Positive sol 130M
Silica vitreous
Onyx
SIPERNAT 22 S (amorphous)
Aerosil A 300
Aerosil E 300
Aerosil M-300
alpha-Quartz
colloidal silica
Fossil flour
Fumed silica
Fused silica
Quartz dust
Quartz glass
Quartz silica
Rock crystal
Rose quartz
Silica dust
Silica slurry
Chromosorb P
SIPERNAT 22 S, fumed
Silicone dioxide
Tiger-eye
Caswell No. 734A
Nalfloc N 1050
Quso 51
Celite superfloss
Cristobalite dust
Silica, amorphous fused
Silver bond B
alpha-Cristobalite
alpha-Crystobalite
Cab-O-sperse
Colloidal SIPERNAT 22 S
Nalco 1050
Quso G 30
Gold bond R
Hydrophobic silica 2482
Kieselsaeureanhydrid
Sil-Co-Sil
Tridymite 118
Cab-O-grip II
Min-U-Sil
Siderite (SiO2)
Tridimite [French]
HI-Sil
15468-32-3
68855-54-9
Amorphous silica dust
Nyacol 830
Sibelite M 3000
Sibelite M 4000
Sibelite M 6000
SiO2
Quazo puro [Italian]
Sicron F 300
Sikron F 100
Spectrosil
Accusand
CCRIS 3699
Coesite
Fuselex
Nalcast
Nyacol 1430
Optocil
Quartzine
Quarzsand
Rancosil
Suprasil
Tridimite
Siltex
Silica aerogel
Tridymite dust
Vitreous quartz
Vitreous silica
W 12 (Filler)
beta-Quartz
Fused quartz
MIN-U-sil alpha quartz
Quartz-beta
(SiO2)n
Amorphous quartz
Dri-Die insecticide 67
Quazo puro
Vitrified silica
Silica, amorphous, fumed
Pyrogenic colloidal silica
UNII-ETJ7Z6XBU4
Silica, fumed
Silica, fused
Suprasil W
Vitreosil IR
ETJ7Z6XBU4
Borsil P
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous
Silane, dioxo-
Crystallized SIPERNAT 22 S
Optocil (quartz)
Silica 2482, hydrophobic
SIPERNAT 22 S, chemically prepared
CP-SilicaPLOT
EINECS 231-545-4
Silicon oxide, di- (sand)
CAB-O-SIL N-70TS
HK 400
Sand, Sea
Silica Gel, 40-63 Micron Particles
Quarzsand [German]
S-Col
Admafine SO 25H
Admafine SO 25R
Admafine SO 32H
Admafine SO-C 2
Admafine SO-C 3
Cristobalite asbestos
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 072605
Keatite (SiO2)
Kieselguhr, calcined
Sg-67
Tridymite (SiO2)
CI 7811
Fumed silica, crystalline-free
ED-C (silica)
Fuselex ZA 30
Stishovite (SiO2)
CCRIS 2475
DQ12
As 1 (silica)
Fumed synthetic amorphous silica
Silica, crystalline - tridymite
99439-28-8
Agate (SiO2)
FB 5 (silica)
Fuselex RD 120
CHEBI:30563
Corning 7940
Microcrystalline quartz
AI3-25549
Denka F 90
Denka FB 30
Denka FB 44
Denka FB 74
Denka FS 30
Dri-Die 67
Synthetic amorphous silica, fumed
Cryptocrystalline quartz
FB 20 (silica)
WGL 300
Elsil 100
F 44 (filler)
D & D
SF 35
Elsil BF 100
N1030
U 333
F 125 (silica)
F 160 (silica)
Fuselex RD 40-60
Silica, amorphous, fused
EINECS 238-455-4
EINECS 238-878-4
EINECS 239-487-1
Silica gel 60, 230-400 mesh
43-63C
TGL 16319
Silica, crystalline quartz
SIPERNAT 22 S, colloidal
15723-40-7
SIPERNAT 22 S (vitreous)
ENT 25,550
Silica, amorphous, fumed, cryst.-free
Silica, crystalline, quartz
Silica, crystalline: quartz
[SiO2]
GP 7I
Precipitated amorphous silica
Silica, crystalline - fused
Silica, crystalline tridymite
Silica, crystalline - quartz
Silicagel
AF-SO 25R
Quartz [Silica, crystalline]
Silica flour (powdered crystalline silica)
Silica, crystalline: tridymite
GP 11I
INS NO.551
RD 8
Silica gel, pptd.,cryst.-free
13778-37-5
13778-38-6
17679-64-0
Silicondioxide
Silica gel desiccant, indicating
Tridymite [Silica, crystalline]
W 006
CRS 1102RD8
Sand, Ottawa
Silica, crystalline: cristobalite
INS-551
EF 10
FS 74
MR 84
Silica, crystalline - cristobalite
Cristobalite [Silica, crystalline]
Amorphous silica: Pyrogenic (fumed)
EINECS 262-373-8
silica gel desiccant
BF 100
EQ 912
MFCD00011232
MFCD00217788
QG 100
RD 120
Silica, amorphous,fumed, cryst.-free
Silica, mesostructured
O2Si
F 44
Y 40
O2-Si
SIMETHICONE COMPONENT SIPERNAT 22 S
E-551
EC 231-545-4
SIPERNAT 22 S COMPONENT OF SIMETHICONE
(SiO2)
SIPERNAT 22 S (II)
SIPERNAT 22 S [II]
92283-58-4
Silicates (<1% crystalline silica):Graphite, natural
Silicon Oxide Hollow Nanospheres
SILICA, AMORPHOUS (IARC)
SILICA, AMORPHOUS [IARC]
Celatom
Silica glass
Dioxide, Silicon
14639-89-5
SGA
Celite 545
Silica gel spherical, 40-75 mum particle size
tripolite
Cristobalita
Kieselglas
Ronasphere
Speriglass
Chromaton
Diatomita
Seesand
Spherica
Tridimita
Cuarzo
Siilca
Zorbax
quartz-glass
silica sand
Silicom dioxide
silica-gel
Fused-silica
pyrogenic silica
Silica,fumed
Chromosorb G
silica-
Fine grain sand
QuarZ
Chromaton N
Greensil K
silica gel white
Calofrig FJ
Silicon di-oxide
Zelec Sil
Armsorb GKhI
Silica Dispersion
SiO2 Nanopowder
Chromosorb P-AW
Silica gel G
Silotrat-1
Kieselsaureanhydrid
Silica, tridymite
SiO2 Nanospheres
Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescent indicator 254 nm
Ludox SM
Celite White Mist
Chromosorb P-NAW
Fossil Flour MBK
Precipitated silica
Silica Microspheres
Chromatron N Super
Sorbosil AC33
Sorbosil AC77
Sorbosil BFG50
Sorbosil TC15
Sand, white quartz
Silica , amorphous
Silica, crystalline
Silica: Crystalline
Quartz (Tridymite)
Silica gel, ASTM
Silica, SiO2
silicon (iv) oxide
Coesite (SiO2)
Methyl3-oxohexanoate
Silica, diatomaceous
Siliceous sand, CP
Sorbosil AC 35
Sorbosil AC 37
Sorbosil AC 39
Chalcedony (SiO2)
Neosil CBT50
Neosil CBT60
Neosil CBT60S
Neosil CBT70
Neosil CT11
Neosil PC10
Neosil PC50S
AEROSIC
Aerosil 200
Aquafil N 81
ARSIL
BIOSILICA
Cuarzo (SiO2)
DALTOSIL
DUROSIL
KOMSIL
MICROSIL
MILOWHITE
MIZUKASIL
NOVAKUP
OSCAL
PHOTOX
PREGEL
REOLOSIL
ROMSIL
SIFLOX
SILEX
SILICAFILM
SILICALITE
SILIPUR
SILMOS
SIONOX
SNOWTEX
Sorbpso; BFG10
SYTON
TOSIL
UNISIL
VERTICURINE
ZEOPAN
Kieselgur, ungebrannt
Wacker HDK H30
Celite 503
Cristobalita (SiO2)
ENTERO TEKNOSAL
Silica amorphous fumed
SOLUM DIATOMEAE
Spheron PL-700
AEROSIL PST
CATALOID SA
CATALOID SN
NALCAST PLW
Quartz (Cristobalite)
SANTOCEL CS
SNOWTEX OXS
SORBSIL MSG
ADELITE A
ELKEM SAND
FINESIL B
FUJIGEL B
FUSELEX X
GAROSIL GB
GAROSIL N
HIMESIL A
NEOSIL XV
NEOSYL GP
NIPSIL AQ
NIPSIL ER
NIPSIL ES
NIPSIL LP
NIPSIL NA
NIPSIL NS
NIPSIL NST
SANTOCEL Z
SIPERNAT 22 S Powder
SILTON AK
SNOWTEX AK
SNOWTEX C
SNOWTEX N
SNOWTEX OL
TOKUSIL GU
TOKUSIL N
TOKUSIL NR
TOKUSIL P
TOKUSIL U
TOKUSIL UR
VULKASIL C
Wacker HDK N 20
Wacker HDK T 30
Wacker HDK V 15
WESSALON S
LUDOX LS
LUDOX TM
NEOSIL A
Sea sand, acid washed
Silica, fumed, powder
SIPERNAT 22 S (NF)
SILTON A
SYTON FM
CRYSTALITE 5V
CRYSTALITE 5X
GLASGRAIN SG-A
IMSIL H
Neosil CL2000
Sand 50-70 mesh
Silica, Anhydrous 31
SILICA, QUARTZ
Spheron L-1500
Spheron N-2000
Spheron P-1000
Spheron P-1500
TOSIL P
Cab-O-Sil EH-5
Cab-O-Sil M-5P
Cab-O-Sil MS55
Celite Hyflo Super Cel
NIPSIL VN3LP
Silica gel, large pore
TOKUSIL GU-N
TOKUSIL GV-N
Wacker HDK N 20P
Wacker HDK N 25P
KAOWOOL RIGIDIZER
CRYSTALITE FM 1
CRYSTALITE NA 1
HYPERSIL 3
HYPERSIL 5
MSP-X
ULTRASIL VN 3SP
C2H6Cl2Si.O2Si
Hollow Silica Nanosphere
MIZUKASIL NP 8
MIZUKASIL SK 7
Silicon Oxide Dispersion
Silicon Oxide Nanopowder
CARPLEX FPS 1
CARPLEX FPS 3
Chromosorb P 60/80
NIPSIL VN 3AQ
SI-O-LITE
SILICA [INCI]
Silica amorphous hydrated
SUPERNAT 22LS
SYLOID SILICA GEL
ULTRASIL VN 2
CARPLEX CS 5
CRYSTALITE CMC 1
S-CO
silica fibers (biogenic)
SILICATE [VANDF]
SIPERNAT 22 S (silica)
SUPERNAT 50S
TOKUSIL AL 1
Celite (R) 545
Crystalline Silica Quartz
Glass (fibrous or dust)
MIZUKASIL P 78A
MIZUKASIL P 78F
Silica gel, ACS reagent
Silica gel, crystal-free
UNII-EU2PSP0G0W
Wacker HDK V 15 P
Celite(R) 512 medium
HYPERSIL 10
Kieselguhr, -325 mesh
NIPSIL VN 3
SAND [INCI]
SANTOCEL 54
SANTOCEL 62
Silica, 99.8%
SILNEX NP 8
SIPERNAT 22
SYLOBLOC 41
SYLOBLOC 44
SYLOBLOC 46
SYLOBLOC 47
ADELITE AT 20A
ADELITE AT 20Q
ADELITE AT 30S
CATALOID HS 40
CATALOID S 20L
CATALOID S 30H
CATALOID S 30L
CATALOID SI 40
HARIMIC SWC 05
MIZUKASIL P 78
SBA-15 Molecular Sieve
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder
SNOWTEX NCS 30
ADELITE 30
ADELITE AT 30
AEROSIL BS 50
AEROSIL FK 60
AEROSIL OX 50
CARPLEX 67
DSSTox_CID_9677
HISILEX EF 10
LUDOX 40HS
NIPSIL SS 50A
S-CO (FILLER)
SIPERNAT 22 S Dispersion
SILTON A 2
SILTON LP 75C
SILTON R 2
SNOWTEX 20
SNOWTEX 40
SUPERNAT 250S
TULLANOX A 50
ZEOTHIX 95
ZORBAX PSM 60
Cab-O-Sil LM-130
silica gel, cryst. -free
AEROSIL 130V
AEROSIL 200V
AEROSIL D 17
CATALOID SI 350
Celite Standard Super Cell
Epitope ID:158537
FINESIL E 50
FINESIL X 37
MIZUKASIL P 526
MIZUKASIL P 527
MIZUKASIL P 801
MIZUKASIL P 802
NEOSYL 81
NIPSIL SS 10
NIPSIL SS 50
PROTEK-SORB 121
REOLOSIL 202
REOLOSIL QS 102
SIDENT 12
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres
SOLEX (M)
SYLODENT 704
SYTON 30X
SYTON W 3
TULLANOX TM 500
ZEOSIL 175MP
ZEOSIL 75
ADELITE AD 321
AEROSIL A 200V
AEROSIL OK 412
AEROSIL TT 600
CAB-O-SIL HS 5
CAB-O-SIL MS 7
CAB-O-SIL ST 1
NALCOAG 2SS374
SILICA, CRISTOBALITE
Wacker HDK P 100 H
ZORBAX PSM 150
ZORBAX PSM 300
ZORBAX PSM 500
AEROSIL 175
AEROSIL 308
AEROSIL 360
CARPLEX 100
Celite(R) 503, CP
Celite(R) 535, CP
Celite(R) 545, CP
DAVISON 951
DENKA FB 90
DENKA FS 44
FLORITE 700
FRANSIL 251
IMSIL 10
KESTREL 600
LUDOX AS 40
LUDOX HS 30
LUDOX RS 40
MIN-U-SIL 5
NIPSIL 300A
SILICA GEL [VANDF]
SYLOX 15
TARANOX 500
UNISIL Q 30
ZEODENT 113
ZEOTHIX 265
AEROSIL A 130
AEROSIL A 175
AEROSIL A 200
AEROSIL A 380
AEROSIL K 315
AEROSIL M 300
AEROSIL R 912
AEROSIL R 960
CAB-O-SIL H 5
CAB-O-SIL L 5
CAB-O-SIL M 5
CAB-O-SIL N 5
FLORITE S 700
FLORITE S 800
LUFILEN E 100
NALCOAG 1034A
Nano SIPERNAT 22 S Powder
NIPSIL B 220A
NIPSIL E 150J
NIPSIL E 150K
NIPSIL E 150V
NIPSIL E 200A
NIPSIL E 220A
SILCRON G 100
SILCRON G 640
Silica gel 40-60Angstoms
TIX-O-SIL 33J
TIX-O-SIL 38A
AROGEN 500
CAB-O-SIL LM 50
Chromosorb P 100/120
DSSTox_RID_78805
EMSAC 460S
EMSAC 465T
IMSIL A 10
IMSIL A 15
IMSIL A 25
NEOSYL 186
NEOSYL 224
NUCLEOSIL 100-5
QUSO WR 55
QUSO WR 82
Respirable crystalline silica
silica gel 60g (type60)
silica gel 60h (type60)
SSA 1
SSK 5
ST 30 (MINERAL)
SYTON W 15
SYTON W 30
SYTON X 30
UNII-2RF6EJ0M85
ZEOSYL 100
ZEOSYL 200
ZORBAX PSM 1000
CAB-O-SIL MS 75D
CAB-O-SIL N 70TS
CARPLEX 1120
CELATOM(R) FW-60
DSSTox_GSID_29677
FILLITE 52/7
IMSIL A 108H
MIN-U-SIL 15
MIN-U-SIL 30
NALCO 2SS374
NALCO CD 100
NALCOAG 1030
NALCOAG 1050
NALCOAG 1060
NALCOAG 1115
NALCOAG 1129
NALCOAG 1140
NIPSIL E 150
NIPSIL E 200
NIPSIL G 300
NIPSIL L 300
NYACOL 2034A
P 2 (SILICA)
Pesticide Code 072605.
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid washed
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid-washed
VITASIL 1500
VITASIL 1600
ZEOSIL 1000V
BS 30 (FILLER)
BS 50 (SILICA)
CAB-M 5
CAB-O-SIL L 90
Diatomaceous earth non-washed
EP 10TP
HKDN 20
NALFLOC N 1030
SILICA GEL [WHO-DD]
Silica, hydrate(8CI,9CI)
Silica, hydrophobic colloidal
Silicon(IV) oxide (SiO2)
Tridimita (SiO2) (9CI)
LO-VEL 24
LO-VEL 27
Silica, fused respirable dust
SIPERNAT 22 S, Precipitated
EXSIL A 300
F 40 (SILICA)
FILLITE 200/7
IATROBEADS 6RS8060
IMSIL A 108
NALCO 1034A
NALCO 84SS258
Silica fibers, 1/4'' long
SIPERNAT 22 S [FCC]
SILICON OXIDE (SIO2)
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous
TIX-O-SIL 375
TS 100 (SILICA)
ZEOSYL 2000
CATALOID OSCAL 1432
Kieselguhr, calcined, purified
Silica gel, CP, blue, beads
Silica, crystalline, tridymite
SIPERNAT 22 S, amorphous gel
SILICA DIMETHYL SILYLATE
Silica Gel 60-100 MESH
Silica, fused, respirable dust
25wt% Silicon Oxide in Water
AW Standard Super-Cel(R) NF
B-6C
C2-H6-Cl2-Si.O2-Si
FK 320DS
HDK-N 20
HDK-S 15
HDK-V 15
HSDB 682
IMSIL 1240
MCM-41
NALCO 1115
NALCO 1129
NALCO 1140
OSCAL 1132
OSCAL 1232
OSCAL 1432
OSCAL 1433
OSCAL 1434
Silica gel, amorphous synthetic
Silica gel, CP, white, beads
SIPUR 1500
SYLOID 244 [VANDF]
ZEO 49
Hyflo(R) Super-Cel(R), CP
SIPERNAT 22 S (SIO2)
SIPERNAT 22 S [VANDF]
CHEMBL3188292
DTXSID1029677
DTXSID6050465
Filter agent, Celite(R) 545
IATROBEADS GRS 80100
Sand, white quartz, CP, beads
silica gel 60gf254(type60)
silica gel 60hf254(type60)
Silicagel 60A 40-63 micron
SILICONE DIOXIDE [VANDF]
AEROSIL S 504BT320
B-CEL 300
Quarz cryst., 0.6-1.3 mm
Silica gel, pptd., cryst.-free
SIPERNAT 22 S, colloidal (NF)
DCF 784
DEP 002
MAS 200
MSS-500
SILICA, AMORPHOUS HYDRATED
Silica, crystalline, cristobalite
SILICA, HYDRATED AMORPHOUS
SIPERNAT 22 S [WHO-DD]
SIPERNAT 22 S, SAJ first grade
TMC 200
XOB 075
Silicagel LC60A 40-63 micron
SYLOID SILICA GEL [VANDF]
VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BS 30
BS 50
GP 71
Silica Gel Dessicant (Grade 03)
Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size
SILICA GEL,PPTD.CRYST-FREE
Silica, fused, - Respirable dust
SS 10
ST 30
SX 10
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-14
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-50
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-60
Filter agent, Celatom(R) FW-80
Silica, amorphous - inhalable dust
Silica, fused [Silica, amorphous]
SIPERNAT 22 S, JIS special grade
Silicon Oxide Mesoporous Nanopowder
AMORPHOUS PRECIPITATED SILICA
AMY37125
Chromosorb(R) G, 80-100 mesh
Silica, hydrophobic colloidal [NF]
2-Mercaptoethyl ethyl sulfide silica
Celite(R) 545 AW, reagent grade
EINECS 271-893-4
NALCO 8455-258
Silica Hollow Nanospheres Dispersion
Silica, amorphous - respirable dust
Silicon(IV) oxide, electronic grade
Tox21_301288
BS 100
BS 120
HK 125
KS 300
KS 380
KS 404
LC3025
LC4005
LC4025
LS-866
MFCD00148266
MFCD00603035
MFCD02100519
MFCD06202255
MFCD07370733
PC 100
Sand, white quartz, CP, crystalline
Silica gel, indicating, 6-16 mesh
TK 900
Chromosorb(R) W/AW, 45-60 mesh
Light anhydrous silicic acid (JP17)
Quarz fine, cryst., 0.4-0.8 mm
Silica gel, 70-200 mesh (TLC)
Silica, fumed, powder, 0.008 mum
AKOS009085429
Colloidal silica, 30% susp. in H2O
Silica gel, spherical, 300 angstroms
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres Properties
CS-O-30773
DB11132
Iron Sulfide (FeS) Sputtering Targets
LS-2422
S 1-45D
Glass spheres, 9-13 mum particle size
s25266
Silica gel, CP, white, medium granules
Silica gel, technical grade, 3-9 mesh
Silica, mesostructured, HMS (wormhole)
NCGC00257531-01
Sand, white quartz, purum p.a., powder
Silica gel orange, granular, 0.2-1 mm
Silica, amorphous, precipitated and gel.
Silica, crystalline (as respirable dust)
SIPERNAT 22 S amorphous fumed silica
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 0.5 micron
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 1.0 micron
Silicon(IV) oxide, powder, 1.5 micron
SILICONE DIOXIDE COATINGS FOR PET
E551
Silica gel, CP, blue, bead size, medium
Silica gel, technical grade, 6-16 mesh
Silicon oxide powder, 99% Nano, 20 nm
CAS-7631-86-9
Silica gel desiccant, -3+8 mesh granules
Silica gel, 12-24 mesh (liquid drying)
Silica gel, for column chromatography, 60
Silica gel, precipitated, crystalline free
Silica gel, precipitated, crystalline-free
Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline free
Silica, amorphous, fumed, crystalline-free
(Silica, crystalline (as respirable dust))
Celite(R) 281, filter aid, flux calcined
Celite(R) S, filter aid, dried, untreated
Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh
Dusts containing less than 10% free silica
HY-154739
LS-145280
LS-145284
LS-145287
Silica gel desiccant, -6+12 mesh granules
SIPERNAT 22 S, purum p.a., acid purified
White Silica Gel Beads, 3 mm (2-5 mm)
CS-0694521
F 307
FT-0624621
FT-0645127
FT-0689145
FT-0689270
FT-0696592
FT-0696603
FT-0697331
FT-0697389
FT-0700917
Quartz rod, fused, 2.0mm (0.079in) dia
S 600
S0822
Silica gel, with 1-4 mm moisture indicator
Silica, amorphous, fumed (crystalline free)
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder KH550 processing
SIPERNAT 22 S Nanopowder KH570 processing
Silicon(IV) oxide, 99.0% (metals basis)
SYNTHETIC CRYSTALLINE-FREE SILICA GEL
Celite(R) 110, filter aid, flux calcinated
Celite(R) 512 medium, filter aid, calcined
Chromosorb(R) G/AW-DMCS, 100-120 mesh
Chromosorb(R) W/AW-DMCS, 120-140 mesh
K-411 Glass microspheres, NIST SRM 2066
SILICA GEL, PRECIPITATED, CRYSTAL-FREE
Silica gel, technical grade 40, 6-12 mesh
Silica, crystalline quartz, - Respirable dust
Silica, crystalline-quartz; (SIPERNAT 22 S)
C18 Silica Gel, Endcapped, 60A, 40-63um
D05839
D06521
D06522
D78143
Sand, white quartz, 50-70 mesh particle size
Silica, crystalline-quartz; (SIPERNAT 22 S)
Silica, mesostructured, MSU-F (cellular foam)
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous Gel, 15% In Water
SIPERNAT 22 S, Amorphous Gel, 40% In Water
Celite(R) 209, filter aid, natural, untreated
Celite(R) Analytical Filter Aid II (CAFA II)
Glass sand, NIST(R) SRM(R) 165a, low iron
Silica gel spherical, 75-200 mum particle size
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 922, -200 mesh
Silica gel, large pore, P.Vol. ca. 1.65cc/g
Silica, Amorphous - Precipitated and gel, Total
Silica, crystalline tridymite, - Respirable dust
Silicon Oxide (Silica, SIPERNAT 22 S, quartz)
Silicon oxide powder, 99.5% Nano, 15-20 nm
D 11-10
Q116269
Sand for sand sieve analysis, NIST(R) RM 8010
Silica gel, GF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, HF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, Type III, Indicating, for desiccation
Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 100 microg/mL in H2O
Silica Standard: SiO2 @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O
Silica, mesostructured, MCM-41 type (hexagonal)
SIPERNAT 22 S, purum p.a., acid purified, sand
Standard Super Cel(R) fine, filter aid, calcined
Celite(R) 500 fine, filter aid, dried, untreated
Collodial Silica in Aqueous Solution (nanoparticles)
Glass sand, NIST(R) SRM(R) 1413, high alumina
J-002874
Sand, white quartz, >=99.995% trace metals basis
Silica gel, large pore, P.V. ca. 1cc/g, 8 mesh
Silica gel, technical grade, 1-3 mm particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, 3-6 mm particle size
Silica gel, with moisture indicator (blue), coarse
Silica, crystalline cristobalite, - Respirable dust
Celpure(R) P65, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 2 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 3 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 4 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 5 mum
Quartz lid for 30ml quartz crucible, fused, ID 48mm
Silica gel 60, 0.060-0.2mm (70-230 mesh)
Silica gel desiccant, indicating, <1% Cobalt chloride
Silica gel, -60-120 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica, Amorphous - Precipitated and gel, Respirable
SIPERNAT 22 S, AMORPHOUS AND HIGHLY DISPERSED
Silicon(IV) oxide, 15% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Silicon(IV) oxide, 30% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Silicon(IV) oxide, 50% in H2O, colloidal dispersion
Synthetic-fused silica: Trade Names: Suprasil; TAFQ
Celpure(R) P100, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Celpure(R) P1000, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Celpure(R) P300, meets USP/NF testing specifications
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 0.5 mum
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 1.0 mum
Silica Dispersion (SiO2, Aqueous Dispersion, Amorphous)
Silica gel 60, 0.032-0.063mm (230-450 mesh)
Silica gel 60, 0.036-0.071mm (215-400 mesh)
Silica gel 60, 0.040-0.063mm (230-400 mesh)
Silica gel desiccant, indicating, -6+16 mesh granules
Silica gel, with moisture indicator (blue), -6-20 mesh
Silica, mesostructured, MSU-H (large pore 2D hexagonal)
Silica, mesostructured, SBA-15, 99% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S (Silica) Nanodispersion Type A (20nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S (Silica) Nanodispersion Type B (20nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S, -325 mesh, 99.5% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, washed and calcined, analytical reagent
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 85-115m2/g
SYNTHETIC AMORPHOUS SILICA,FUMED,CRYSTALLINE FREE
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (SBA-15 Type)
Chromosorb(R) W, AW-DMCS, 100-120 mesh particle size
Micro particles based on SIPERNAT 22 S, size: 0.15 mum
Silica gel, high-purity grade (15111), pore size 60 ??
Silica Slurry (SiO2, Purity: 99%, Diameter: 15-20nm)
Silica, mesoporous, 1 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 1 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 2 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 2 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 3 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 3 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
Silica,fumed, hydrophilic, specific surface area 200 m2/g
Silica,fumed, hydrophilic, specific surface area 400 m2/g
SIPERNAT 22 S; synthetic amorphous SIPERNAT 22 S (nano)
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 300-350m?/g
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, S.A. 350-420m2/g
Amorphous silica: Vitreous silica, quartz glass, fused silica
LUDOX(R) AM colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) CL colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) CL-X colloidal silica, 45 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) LS colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) SM colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TMA colloidal silica, 34 wt. % suspension in H2O
Silica gel orange, with moisture indicator free of heavy metals
Silica gel, high-purity grade, FIA according to DIN 51791
Silica, mesoporous, 0.5 mum particle size, pore size ~2 nm
Silica, mesoporous, 0.5 mum particle size, pore size ~4 nm
SIPERNAT 22 S, acid washed and calcined, Analytical Reagent
SIPERNAT 22 S, crystalline (fine), coating quality, >=99.9%
Chromosorb(R) P, NAW, 60-80 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, AW, 80-100 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, HP, 60-80 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
LUDOX(R) AS-30 colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) AS-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) HS-30 colloidal silica, 30 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) HS-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TM-40 colloidal silica, 40 wt. % suspension in H2O
LUDOX(R) TM-50 colloidal silica, 50 wt. % suspension in H2O
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 22, pore size 60 ??, 60-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 60??, 35-60 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 3 micron APS, 120 angstroms
Silica gel, technical grade (w/ fluorescent indicator), 60 F254
Silica gel, Type H, without binder, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, Type II, 3.5 mm bead size, Suitable for desiccation
Silica, fumed, powder, 0.2-0.3 mum avg. part. size (aggregate)
SIPERNAT 22 S Dispersion (SiO2, Aqueous Dispersion, Amorphous)
SIPERNAT 22 S, for cleaning of platinum crucibles, calcined, crude
SIPERNAT 22 S, fused (pieces), 4 mm, 99.99% trace metals basis
Silicon oxide, catalyst support, high surface area, S.A.250m2/g
Silicon(IV) oxide, 99.5% (metals basis) , -325 Mesh Powder
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (1D-Hexagonal SBA-41 Type)
Zeolite - Mesoporous Silica Nanopowder (3D-Cubic MCM-48 Type)
Celatom(R), acid-washed, for use in Total Dietary Fiber Assay, TDF-100A
Chromosorb(R) G, HP, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) P, AW-DMCS, 80-100 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, AW, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
Chromosorb(R) W, HP, 100-120 mesh particle size, bottle of 100 g
NBS 28 (silicon and oxygen isotopes in silica sand), NIST(R) RM 8546
Pyrogenic or fumed silica: Trade Names: Aerosil; Cab-O-Sil; HDK; Reolosil
Quartz disc, fused, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 1.59mm (0.06in) thick
Quartz disc, fused, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.13in) thick
Quartz disc, fused, 76.2 (3.0 in) dia x 3.18mm (0.13in) thick
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 25.4x25.4x1.0mm (1.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 50.8x25.4x1.0mm (2.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Quartz microscope slide, fused, 76.2x25.4x1.0mm (3.0x1.0x0.0394in)
Silica gel 60, 0.105-0.2mm (70-150 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel, high purity, 90??, 35-70 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7734), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7754), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, >=400 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, 35-70 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 90??, 15-25 mum, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 40 ??, 35-70 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, >=400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 200-425 mesh particle size
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum
Silica Nanoparticles Dispersion (SiO2, Purity: 99.9%, Diameter: 50-80nm)
SIPERNAT 22 S, ~99%, 0.5 - 10 um (approx. 80% between 1-5 um)
SIPERNAT 22 S, ~99%, 0.5-10 mum (approx. 80% between 1-5 mum)
SIPERNAT 22 S, fused (granular), 4-20 mesh, 99.9% trace metals basis
Silicon Oxide Hollow NanospheresSIPERNAT 22 S Nanospheres Properties
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Toluene)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methanol)
Hollow Silica Nanospheres Dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80-100nm)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 20 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 25 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 10nm, 30 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 20 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 25 wt.%)
Nano silica water dispersion (SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 15nm, 30 wt.%)
Silica gel 60 ADAMANT(TM) on TLC plates, with fluorescence indicator 254 nm
Silica gel 60, 0.019-0.037mm (400-600 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel 60, 0.062-0.105mm (150-230 mesh), S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel, Davisil(R) grade 710, pore size 50-76 ??, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (10180), pore size 40 ??, 70-230 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (9385), pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 12), pore size 22 ??, 28-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 62), pore size 150 ??, 60-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 635), pore size 60 ??, 60-100 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 643), pore size 150 ??, 200-425 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 646), 35-60 mesh, pore size 150 ??
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 923), pore size 30 ??, 100-200 mesh
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 100??, 200-400 mesh, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 40??, 230-400 mesh, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 60??, gypsum ~13 %, for preparative liquid chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, 90??, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, for thin layer chromatography, H, without calcium sulfate
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 130-270 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 200-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, 5-15 mum, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 10 micron APS, 60 angstroms
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 7.5 micron APS, 120 angstroms
Silica gel, wide pore, 150 angstroms, -100+200 Mesh, S.A. 350-400m2/g
Silica, crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartzor cristobalite from occupational sources)
Silica, mesoporous MCM-48, 15 mum particle size, pore size 3 nm, Cubic pore morphology
Silica, mesoporous SBA-16, Silica, nanopowder, spec. surface area 175-225 m2/g (BET), 99.8% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, nanopowder, 10-20 nm particle size (BET), 99.5% trace metals basis
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 3.18mm (0.125in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 50.8mm (2.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide sputtering target, 76.2mm (3.0in) dia x 6.35mm (0.250in) thick
Silicon(IV) oxide, 40% in H20, colloidal dispersion, 0.02 Micron Particles
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 105-130m2/g, -325 Mesh
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 105-145m2/g, -325 mesh
Silicon(IV) oxide, amorphous fumed, surface treated, S.A. 205-245m2/g, -325 mesh
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Dimethylacetamide)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethyl acetate)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,35 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone,45 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: N-Methylpyrrolidone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Cyclohexanone)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Ethylene Glycol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Dimethylacetamide)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Ethyl acetate)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Isopropyl alcohol)
Natural-diatomaceous earths: Trade names: Celatom, Celite, Clarcel; Decalite; Fina/Optima; Skamol
Precipitated silica: Trade Names: FK, Hi-Sil, Ketjensil, Neosyl, Nipsil, Sident, Sipernat; Spherosil; Tixosil; Ultrasil
Respirable alpha-quartz, NIST(R) SRM(R) 1878b, quantitative X-ray powder diffraction standard
Silica , crystalline (inhaled in the form of quartzor cristobalite from occupational sources)
Silica gel - technical grade, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 |m particle size, pore size 60+
Silica gel 60, with fluorescent indicator, 0.060-0.2mm (70-230 mesh), -70+230 Mesh Powder, S.A. 500-600m2/g
Silica gel high-purity grade, pore size 60 ?, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 ?m particle size
Silica gel, 30 mum particle size (average), average pore diameter 60 ??, Suitable for normal-phase adsorption-partition chromatography
Silica gel, EMD Millipore, TLC grade (11695), 15 mum, pore size 60 ??, with silica/alumina binder
Silica gel, high-purity grade (7749), with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 633), pore size 60 ??, 200-425 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (Davisil Grade 636), pore size 60 ??, 35-60 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade (puriss), pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size
Silica gel, high-purity grade, HF254, without calcium sulfate, with fluorescent indicator, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 2-25 mum particle size, without binder, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 2-25 mum particle size, without binder, with fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 220-440 mesh particle size, 35-75 mum particle size, for flash chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size, for flash chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 5-25 mum particle size, without binder, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, pore size 60 ??, 70-230 mesh, 63-200 mum, for column chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, Type G, with ~13% calcium sulfate, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, high-purity grade, with ~15% calcium sulfate and fluorescent indicator, GF254, for thin layer chromatography
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 2.2 micron APS, 80 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 470m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 120 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC grade, spherical, 5 micron APS, 70 angstroms, 99.99+% , S.A. 500m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, HPLC/UHPLC grade, spherical, 1.6 micron APS, 110 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 340m2/g, P.V. 0.95cc/g
Silica gel, preparative chromatography grade, spherical, 20 micron APS, 150 angstroms, 99.99+%, S.A. 270m2/g, P.V. 1.00cc/g
Silica gel, technical grade (w/ Ca, ~0.1%), 60??, 230-400 mesh particle size, Ca 0.1-0.3 %
Silica gel, technical grade, pore size 60 ??, 230-400 mesh particle size, 40-63 mum particle size
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder & fluorescent indicator,12 Micron APS,S.A. 500-600m2/g,60A,pH 6.5-7.5
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, with gypsum binder, 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6-7
Silica gel, TLC high purity grade, without binder, with fluorescent indic., 12 Micron APS, S.A. 500-600m2/g, 60A, pH 6.5-7.5
Silica gel, TLC high-purity grade, 5-25 mum, pore size 60 ??, with gypsum binder and fluorescent indicator, pore volume 0.75 cm3/g
Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, Silica, mesoporous SBA-15, SIPERNAT 22 S, nanopowder (spherical, porous), 5-15 nm particle size (TEM), 99.5% trace metals basis
SIPERNAT 22 S, single crystal substrate, optical grade, 99.99% trace metals basis, <0001>, L x W x thickness 10 mm x 10 mm x 0.5 mm
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm(lock), Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Bisphenol F epoxy resin,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Ethylene glycol monopropyl ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone,40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether,42 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 12nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 22nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Methyl isobutyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 45nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 30 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 40 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Methyl ethyl ketone, 45 wt.%)
Silicone sol(SiO2, Purity: >99.9%, Diameter: 80nm, Solvent: Propylene Glycol Monopropyl Ether)
SITRIK ASIT ANHY-MONO
SYNONYMS 2-Hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, Hydroxytricarballylic acid; Citric Acid; beta-Hydroxytricarballylic acid;Aciletten; Citretten; Citro; 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid; Hydroxytricarballylic acid; Kyselina citronova; Kyselina 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propantrikarbonova; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid; Citronensäure; CAS NO:77-92-9
Sieved powdered sugar
SYNONYMS Saccarose; Table sugar; Beet sugar; Cane sugar CAS NO:57-50-1
Sildenafil Citrate
SYNONYMS 1-[[3-(4,7-Dihydro-1-methyl-7-oxo-3-propyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)-4-ethoxyphenyl]sulfonyl]-4-methylpiperazine citrate salt, 5-[2-Ethoxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)sulfonylphenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-4H-pyrazolo[5,4-e]pyrimidin-7-one citrate salt, Revatio, Sildenafil citrate salt, UK-92,480 cas no:171599-83-0
Silica
Synonyms: Mesoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 60 nm, 5%(w/v) dispersion in water, diam.: 250 - 350nm, SSA: 260 m2/g, pore size: 2-5nm;Mesoporous silica nanoparticles, 5 mg/mL dispersion in ethanol, diam.: 90 nm, SSA: >500 m2/g, pore size: 3 - 4 nm;Mesoporous silica nanoparticles, 5 mg/mL dispersion in water, diam.: 90 nm, SSA: >500 m2/g, pore size: 3 - 4 nm;Mesoporous silica nanosphere, 99%, diam60-250 nm,SSA:410-680 m2/g,pore size:2.8-13.3 nm,pore volume:0.57-1.66 cm3/g;Mesoporous silica SBA-15, 99%, diam:500-2000 nm,SSA:700-1100 m2/g,pore size:6-11 nm,pore volume:0.6-1.3 cm3/g;Mesoporous silica SBA-16, 99%, diam:>1000 nm,SSA:650-960 m2/g,pore size:5-10 nm,pore volume:0.60-0.95 cm3/g;Sea urchin-like mesoporous silica nanosphere, 100%, diam:120-250 nm,SSA:200-450 m2/g,pore size:2.2 nm,pore volume:0.35-0.56 cm3/g;Silica gel, 98%, for chromatography, 0.040 - 0.063 mm (230 - 400 mesh), 60 A CAS Number: 7631-86-9
Silica Gel
Metaphosphoric acid, hexasodium salt; Calgon S; SHMP; Glassy sodium; Hexasodium metaphosphate; Metaphosphoric acid, hexasodium salt; Sodium Polymetaphosphate; sodium polymetaphosphate; Graham's Salt; Graham's salt; SHMP cas no:10124-56-8
Silicate de calcium
POTASSIUM SILICATE, N° CAS : 1312-76-1 - Silicate de potassium, Nom INCI : POTASSIUM SILICATE. Nom chimique : Silicic acid, potassium salt. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-199-1. Additif alimentaire : E560. Ses fonctions (INCI). Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage
Silicate de potassium ( POTASSIUM SILICATE)
SODIUM METASILICATE N° CAS : 6834-92-0 - Silicate de sodium Nom INCI : SODIUM METASILICATE Nom chimique : Disodium metasilicate N° EINECS/ELINCS : 229-912-9 Additif alimentaire : E550 Ses fonctions (INCI) Anticorrosif : Empêche la corrosion de l'emballage Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques
Silicate de sodium ( SODIUM METASILICATE)
Silica; SILICON DIOXIDE; Quartz; Cristobalite; Dioxosilane
Silicon dioxide
Synonyms: Mesoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 60 nm, 5%(w/v) dispersion in water, diam.: 250 - 350nm, SSA: 260 m2/g, pore size: 2-5nm;Mesoporous silica nanoparticles, 5 mg/mL dispersion in ethanol, diam.: 90 nm, SSA: >500 m2/g, pore size: 3 - 4 nm;Mesoporous silica nanoparticles, 5 mg/mL dispersion in water, diam.: 90 nm, SSA: >500 m2/g, pore size: 3 - 4 nm;Mesoporous silica nanosphere, 99%, diam60-250 nm,SSA:410-680 m2/g,pore size:2.8-13.3 nm,pore volume:0.57-1.66 cm3/g;Mesoporous silica SBA-15, 99%, diam:500-2000 nm,SSA:700-1100 m2/g,pore size:6-11 nm,pore volume:0.6-1.3 cm3/g;Mesoporous silica SBA-16, 99%, diam:>1000 nm,SSA:650-960 m2/g,pore size:5-10 nm,pore volume:0.60-0.95 cm3/g;Sea urchin-like mesoporous silica nanosphere, 100%, diam:120-250 nm,SSA:200-450 m2/g,pore size:2.2 nm,pore volume:0.35-0.56 cm3/g;Silica gel, 98%, for chromatography, 0.040 - 0.063 mm (230 - 400 mesh), 60 A CAS: 7631-86-9
Silicones
Silver monochloride; Silver(I) chloride; Chlorosilver; Silver monochloride; AgCl;ver(I) ChL; Chlorosilver; Silver chlorid; SILVER CHLORIDE; Silver(Ⅰ)Chloride; silvermonochloride; SILVER (I) CHLORIDE; Silver monochloride; Silver chloride 99+ CAS NO:7783-90-6
Silikon dioksit
SYNONYMS Silisyum Dioksit;esoporous silica microspheres, shell thickness 60 nm, 5%(w/v) dispersion in water, diam.: 250 - 350nm, SSA: 260 m2/g, pore size: 2-5nm;Mesoporous silica nanoparticles, 5 mg/mL dispersion in ethanol, diam.: 90 nm, SSA: >500 m2/g, pore size: 3 - 4 nm; CAS NO:7631-86-9
Silver Chloride
SILVER CYANIDE SILVER(I) CYANIDE ai3-28748 cyanured’argent cyanured’argent(french) kyanidstribrny kyanidstribrny(czech) rcrawastenumberp104 silver(1+)cyanide silvercyanide(ag(cn)) Silver cyanide white powder Silver cyanide, 99.96% Silver cyanide, for analysis, 99% Silvercyanide,99% SILVERCYANIDE,POWDER,PURIFIED Silver Cyanide, powder Silver cyanide, 99%, for analysis CAS :506-64-9
Silver Nitrate
Disilberoxid; silver(l) oxide; silver hemioxide; Argentous oxide; Silver oxide (Ag2O); ARGENTOUS OXIDE; SILVER(I) OXIDE; SILVER OXIDE; disilveroxide; silver(1+)oxide; silveroxide(ag2o); triethoxy(chloromethyl)silane; SILVER(I) OXIDE, 99.99+%; SILVER(I) OXIDE, REAGENTPLUS, 99%; SILVER(I) OXIDE, NANOPOWDER, 99.9%; SILVER OXIDE EXTRA PURE; Silver(I) oxide, 99+%; SILVER(I) OXIDE (Ag2O); Silver(I)oxide,99+%(99.99%-Ag); silver(i) oxide, electrical grade; SILVEROXIDE,POWDER,REAGENT; Disilberoxid; SILVER(I) OXIDE: 99.9% (93% AG); Silver oxide; SILVER (I) OXIDE HIGH DENSITY CAS NO:20667-12-3
Silybum marianum
silybum marianum l. seeds and leaves extract; thistle extract; milk thistle extract CAS NO:84604-20-6
SİNEFRİN
SYNONYMS 4-[1-hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl]phenol;1-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylaminoethanol, 4-Hydroxy-α-(methylaminomethyl)benzyl alcohol CAS NO:94-07-5
Sitagliptin
SYNONYMS Januvia;4-Oxo-4-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro(1,2,4)triazolo(4,3-a)pyrazin-7(8H)-yl)-1-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl) butan-2-amine phosphate; (3R)-3-amino-1-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-6,8-dihydro-5H-(1,2,4) triazolo(4, 3-a)pyrazin-7-yl)- 4-(2,4,5- cas no:654671-78-0 654671-77-9 (hydrate)
Sitric Acit
SYNONYMS 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3,propane-tricarboxylic acid monohydrate;Hydrous citric acid; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid monohydrate; Citric acid hydrate; Citric acid monohydrate; Acidum citricum monohydricum; CAS NO:5949-29-1
SİTRİK ASİT (ANHİDRAT/MONOHİDRAT)
SYNONYMS 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3,propane-tricarboxylic acid monohydrate;Hydrous citric acid; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid monohydrate; Citric acid hydrate; Citric acid monohydrate; Acidum citricum monohydricum; CAS NO:5949-29-1
SİTRİK ASİT (MONO HİDRAT)
Asitliği düzenleyici
Sitrik Asit Anhidrat
SYNONYMS 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3,propane-tricarboxylic acid monohydrate;Hydrous citric acid; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid monohydrate; Citric acid hydrate; Citric acid monohydrate; Acidum citricum monohydricum; CAS NO:5949-29-1
Sitrik Asit Monohidrat
SYNONYMS 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3,propane-tricarboxylic acid monohydrate;Hydrous citric acid; 2-Hydroxytricarballylic acid monohydrate; Citric acid hydrate; Citric acid monohydrate; Acidum citricum monohydricum; CAS NO:5949-29-1
Sitronella Yağı
CITRONELLA OIL ; citronella oil ; citronella essential oil; citronella herb oil; cymbopogon winterianus jowitt oil; essential oil obtained from the herbs of the plant, cymbopogon winterianus, gramineae CAS NO:8000-29-1
SLES %28 - 70
SYNONYMS Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate;Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; CAS NO:3088-31-1, 68891-38-3, 3088-31-1
SLES : Laurylalcoolethersulphate de Na ( Laureth sulfate de sodium)
SYNONYMS Acetic acid, sodium salt; Acetic acid, sodium salt (1:1); Sodium Ethanoate; Acetate De Sodium; Natrium Aceticum CAS NO. 127-09-3
SLES 28 % -70 %
Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; Sodium Dioxyethylenedodecyl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Alcohol Diglycol Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryloxyethoxyethyl Sulfate; Sodiumlaurylglycolether Sulfate; Natrium-2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)ethylsulfat (German); Sulfato de sodio y 2-(2-dodeciloxietoxi)etilo (Spanish); Ssulfate de sodium et de 2-(2-dodécyloxyethoxy)éthyle (French) CAS NO : 3088-31-1, 68891-38-3, 3088-31-1
SLES 28% & %70
Soudium POE(2) Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Soudium Diethylene Glycol Lauryl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate; 2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)Ethyl Sodium Sulfate; Diethylene Glycol Monododecyl Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauristyl Diglycol Ether Sulfate Sodium Salt; Lauryl Diethylene Glycol Ether Sulfonate Sodium; Sodium Dioxyethylenedodecyl Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryl Alcohol Diglycol Ether Sulfate; Sodium Lauryloxyethoxyethyl Sulfate; Sodiumlaurylglycolether Sulfate; Natrium-2-(2-dodecyloxyethoxy)ethylsulfat; Sulfato de sodio y 2-(2-dodeciloxietoxi)etilo; Ssulfate de sodium et de 2-(2-dodécyloxyethoxy)éthyle CAS NO:3088-31-1, 68891-38-3, 3088-31-1
SLS 93% (SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE 93%)
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an anionic surfactant, and is a typical representative of sulphate-based surfactant.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is usually white to light yellow crystalline powder.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) has good emulsibility, foamability, and foaming, infiltrating, decontaminating and dispersing properties.

CAS Number: 151-21-3
Molecular Formula: C12H25NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 288.38
EINECS Number: 205-788-1

Synonyms: Sodium dodecyl sulfate, 151-21-3, SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE, Sodium dodecylsulfate, Sodium lauryl sulphate, Sodium dodecyl sulphate, Neutrazyme, Sodium n-dodecyl sulfate, Irium, Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt, Dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, Dodecyl sodium sulfate, Dodecyl sulfate, sodium salt, Anticerumen, Duponal, Duponol, Gardinol, Sodium monododecyl sulfate, Dreft, Aquarex methyl, Duponol methyl, Solsol needles, Stepanol methyl, Duponol waqa, Stepanol wac, Stepanol waq, Duponol qx, Richonol af, Perlandrol L, Perlankrol L, Sipex sb, Sipex sd, Standapol wa-ac, Stepanol me dry, Duponol Me, Richonol A, Richonol C, Sintapon L, Duponol C, Maprofix LK, Standapol WAQ, Stepanol ME, Stepanol WA, Akyposal SDS, Carsonol SLS, Maprobix NEU, Maprofix NEU, Maprofix WAC, Aquarex ME, Dupanol WAQ, Duponol QC, Duponol WA, Duponol WA dry, Duponol WAQ, Empicol LPZ, Hexamol SLS, Melanol CL, Duponal WAQE, Duponol WAQE, Duponol WAQM, Sterling wa paste, Conco sulfate WA, Conco sulfate WN, Nikkol SLS, Orvus WA Paste, Sipex OP, Sipex SP, Sipex UB, Sipon LS, Sipon PD, Sipon WD, Detergent 66, Montopol La Paste, Sipon LSB, Maprofix WAC-LA, Sterling WAQ-CH, Cycloryl 21, Cycloryl 31, Stepanol WA Paste, Conco Sulfate WAG, Conco Sulfate WAN, Conco Sulfate WAS, Quolac EX-UB, Odoripon Al 95, sodiumdodecylsulfate, Avirol 118 conc, Cycloryl 580, Cycloryl 585N, Lauyl sodium sulfate, Maprofix 563, Sinnopon LS 95, Stepanol T 28, Sodium laurilsulfate, Steinapol NLS 90, Empicol LS 30, Empicol LX 28, Lauryl sodium sulfate, Melanol CL 30, NALS, Rewopol NLS 30, Standapol waq special, Standapol was 100, Sinnopon LS 100, Stepanol WA-100, Carsonol SLS Special, Standapol 112 conc, Stepanol ME Dry AW, Avirol 101, Emersal 6400, Monogen Y 100, Carsonol SLS Paste B, sodium;dodecyl sulfate, Stepanol methyl dry aw, Berol 452, Emal 10, EMAL O, Sipon LS 100, n-Dodecyl sulfate sodium, Sodium monolauryl sulfate, Monododecyl sodium sulfate, Sodiumlauryl ether sulfate, Lauryl sulfate sodium salt, Conco sulfate WA-1200, Conco sulfate WA-1245, Dehydag sulfate GL emulsion, MFCD00036175, Emulsifier no. 104, Texapon k 12 p, CHEBI:8984, P and G Emulsifier 104, Sodium lauryl sulfate ether, SLS, Sodium Laurylsulfate, NSC-402488, Texapon K 1296, NCI-C50191, Laurylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt, Dodecyl alcohol, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt, Dodecylsulfuric Acid Sodium Salt, DTXSID1026031, Sodium lauryl sulfate, synthetic, Finasol osr2, Incronol SLS, Natriumlaurylsulfat, 368GB5141J, NCGC00091020-03, E487, Jordanol SL-300, Finasol osr(sub 2), Dodecyl sulfate sodium, Monagen Y 100, Perklankrol ESD 60, Caswell No. 779, Natrium laurylsulfuricum, 12738-53-3, 12765-21-8, 1334-67-4, Laurylsiran sodny [Czech], Lauryl sulfate, sodium salt, Dehydrag sulfate gl emulsion, DTXCID906031, Dehydag sulphate GL emulsion, Laurylsiran sodny, Rhodapon UB, Sodium dodecyl sulfate for Electrophoresis, inverted exclamation markY98.5%, Sodium lauryl sulfate 30%, CAS-151-21-3, CCRIS 6272, Lauryl sulfate sodium, HSDB 1315, Sodium lauryl sulfate, dental grade, EINECS 205-788-1, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079011, NSC 402488, CP 75424, Empicol, AI3-00356, UNII-368GB5141J, Sodium lauryl sulfate [JAN:NF], sodiumlauryl sulfate, sodium dodecylsulphate, Sodium dedecyl sulfate, Sodium-dodecyl-S-SDS, IPC-SDS, sodium n-dodecyl sulphate, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate NF, SDS (20% Solution), sodium monododecyl sulphate, lauryl sulphate sodium salt, EC 205-788-1, dodecyl sulphate sodium salt, SCHEMBL1102, Sodium lauryl sulfate, SDS, sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), Sulfuric acid monododecyl ester sodium salt (1:1), CHEMBL23393, sodium dodecyl sulphate (sds), dodecyl sulfuric acid sodium salt, HY-Y0316B, DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M, Dodecyl sulphuric acid sodium salt, Sodium lauryl sulfate (JP17/NF), SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [II], SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [MI], BCP30594, CS-B1770, HY-Y0316, SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [FCC], SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [JAN], Tox21_111059, Tox21_201614, Tox21_300149, BDBM50530482, SODIUM LAURILSULFATE [MART.], SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE [HSDB], SODIUM.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is abundant in foams and quickly biodegradable, and has solubility next only to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulphate (abbreviated as AES).
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is not sensitive to alkali and hard water, but its stability is inferior to general sulfonate under acidic conditions and is close to AES.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is not favorable to exceed 95 °C upon long-term heating, and its irritation is at the middle level among surfactants, with an irritation index of 3.3 for a 10% solution, which is higher than AES and lower than sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (abbreviated as LAS).

In general sanitary products the concentration is limited when used as a forming agent, and is in line with national standards.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a major component of detergent.
Sodium lauryl sulfate consists of white or cream to pale yellow coloured crystals, flakes, or powder having a smooth feel, a soapy, bitter taste, and a faint odor of fatty substances.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is easily soluble in water.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a kind of anionic surfactant, belongs to the typical representative of sulfate surfactant, abbreviated AS SLS, also known as AS, K12, sodium coconut oil sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, foaming agent, the commodity on the market is usually white to slightly yellow crystalline powder, non-toxic, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble , ether, easily soluble in water, It has good compound compatibility with anions and non-ions, good emulsification, foaming, foaming, penetration, decontamination and dispersion properties, foam rich, biodegradation fast, but the degree of water solubility is inferior to fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate sodium (AES).

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an organic sodium salt that is the sodium salt of dodecyl hydrogen sulfate.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) has a role as a detergent and a protein denaturant. It contains a dodecyl sulfate.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%), also spelled Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) when ethoxylation is involved, is a widely used synthetic surfactant in many personal care and household products.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an anionic surfactant, which means it has the ability to lower the surface tension between two substances, allowing them to mix more effectively.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a widely used surfactant and can be found in many mainstream personal hygiene products such as shampoos, toothpastes, mouthwashes, bodywash, soaps, detergents and body wash.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can lower the surface tension between ingredients.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%), an accepted contraction of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), also called sodium alkylethersulfate, is an anionic detergent and surfactant found in many personal care products (soaps, shampoos, toothpaste, etc.) and for industrial uses.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an inexpensive and very effective foaming agent.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%), ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS), and sodium pareth sulfate are surfactants that are used in many cosmetic products for their cleaning and emulsifying properties.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is derived from palm kernel oil or coconut oil.
In herbicides, SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as a surfactant to improve absorption of the herbicidal chemicals and reduces time the product takes to be rainfast, when enough of the herbicidal agent will be absorbed.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is chemical formula is CH3(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)nOSO3Na.

Sometimes the number represented by n is specified in the name, for example laureth-2 sulfate.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is heterogeneous in the number of ethoxyl groups, where n is the mean. Laureth-3 sulfate is the most common one in commercial products.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an anionic surfactant, K12 for short. Soluble in water, it has excellent emulsifying, foaming, penetrating, decontamination and dispersing properties, rich and delicate foam, good compatibility, good resistance to hard water and fast biodegradation.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is prepared by ethoxylation of dodecyl alcohol, which is produced industrially from palm kernel oil or coconut oil.
The resulting ethoxylate is converted to a half ester of sulfuric acid, which is neutralized by conversion to the sodium salt.
The related surfactant SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is produced similarly, but without the ethoxylation step.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) and ammonium lauryl sulfate (ALS) are commonly used alternatives to SLES in consumer products.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an anionic surfactant naturally derived from coconut and/or palm kernel oil.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) usually consists of a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions and is used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, and detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is also used in creams and pastes to properly disperse the ingredients and as research tool in protein biochemistry.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) also has some microbicidal activity.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a kind of anionic surfactant, compatibility with anion and non-ionic,Fast biodegradability, detergency and dispersing performances.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is widely used in toothpaste, soap, shampoo, washing powder, bubble, hand washing agents and cosmetics.
Also it can be used as emulsifier, fire retardant, auxiliary agent of textile, and plating additive etc.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a synthetic compound that has the chemical formula C12H25NaO4S.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an anionic surfactant with a sulfate group (SO4) at one end of its hydrophobic (water-repelling) hydrocarbon chain.
This structure allows it to interact with both water and oils, making it effective at removing dirt and grease.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is known for its excellent foaming and cleaning abilities.
This is why it's commonly found in products like shampoos and toothpaste, where a rich lather is often desired for a thorough cleaning experience.
Some individuals may experience skin and eye irritation when using products containing SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%).

This is particularly true for people with sensitive skin or pre-existing skin conditions.
To address these concerns, milder surfactants are used in "SLS-free" or "sensitive skin" formulations.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) has been criticized for its potential environmental impact. When it enters wastewater, it can persist and accumulate in aquatic ecosystems.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is known to be toxic to aquatic life, which has raised concerns about its effects on the environment.
In response to consumer demand for milder and environmentally friendly products, many companies have started using alternative surfactants in their formulations.
These alternatives can be derived from natural sources, such as coconut or palm oil, and are often marketed as more environmentally friendly and gentler on the skin.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is usually used in the DNA extraction process to separate DNA after protein denaturation.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is often misread as sodium dodecyl sulfonate.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is widely used as a foaming agent in toothpaste, soap, shower gel, shampoo, detergent and cosmetics.

93% of personal care products and household cleaning products contain sodium lauryl sulfate.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is abbreviated as SLS, and also known as AS, K12, coco alcohol sulfate and foaming agent.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is non-toxic, slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in chloroform and ether, soluble in water, and has good anionic and nonionic complex compatibility.

Melting point: 204-207 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.03 g/mL at 20 °C
FEMA: 4437 | SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE
Flash point: >100°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M, clear to nearly clear, colorless to slightly yellow
form: Powder or Crystals
color: White to pale yellow
PH: 6-9 (10g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Slight fatty odour
PH Range: 7.2
Water Solubility: ca. 150 g/L (20 ºC)
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.3
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.2
Merck: 14,8636
BRN: 3599286
InChIKey: DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: 1.600

Solutions of SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) (pH 9.5–10.0) are mildly corrosive to mild steel, copper, brass, bronze, and aluminum.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an anionic surfactant employed in a wide range of nonparenteral pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetics.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an anionic surfactant used in many cleaning and hygiene products.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a common component of many domestic cleaning, personal hygiene and cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and food products, as well as of industrial and commercial cleaning and product formulations.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a kind of anionic surfactant with excellent performance.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) has good cleaning, emulsifying, wetting and foaming properties.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is soluble in water easily, compatible with many surfactants, and stable in hard water.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is biodegradable with low irritation to skin and eye.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) works by attracting both water and oil, which helps to break down grease and dirt, making it easier to wash them away.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is ability to create a rich lather is often appreciated in personal care products, as it gives the sensation of thorough cleaning.
However, there has been some controversy surrounding SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) and its related compounds.
Some people may experience skin or eye irritation when using products containing SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%), especially if they have sensitive skin or allergies.

In addition, there have been concerns about the environmental impact of SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%), as it can be toxic to aquatic life and may persist in the environment.
Like other surfactants, SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is amphiphilic.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) thus migrates to the surface of liquids, where its alignment and aggregation with other SLS molecules lowers the surface tension.

This allows for easier spreading and mixing of the liquid.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) has potent protein denaturing activity and inhibits the infectivity of viruses by by solubilizing the viral envelope and/or by denaturing envelope and/or capsid proteins.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is effective at cleaning because it has both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and hydrophobic (water-repelling) parts in its molecular structure.

The hydrophilic sulfate end interacts with water, while the hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail binds to oil and grease.
This dual action allows SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) to lift and remove dirt and oils from surfaces.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is commonly found in many personal care and cosmetic products because of its ability to create a foamy lather and effectively remove dirt and oils from the skin and hair.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%)'s used in shampoos to help cleanse the scalp and hair, in body washes and soaps for cleaning the skin, and in toothpaste to produce a creamy texture and help dislodge debris from teeth.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is generally considered safe for use in the concentrations found in most personal care products, as they are typically low and well below levels that could cause harm.
However, some individuals may be more sensitive to it, experiencing skin or mucous membrane irritation.

This has led to the development of SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%)-free and sulfate-free product lines for individuals with sensitivities.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is typically produced through the sulfation of lauryl alcohol, which can be derived from coconut or palm oil.
During the manufacturing process, SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can be produced in different grades, which can vary in purity and impurities.

Pharmaceutical or cosmetic grades are typically higher in purity compared to industrial grades.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) plays a significant role in cosmetic chemistry, as it is a key ingredient in formulating products that require foaming and cleaning properties.
Cosmetic chemists and product developers often use SLS to achieve the desired texture, cleansing ability, and appearance in their formulations.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) has been the subject of various controversies, often related to its potential to cause skin and eye irritation.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%)'s important to note that not all individuals will react to SLS, and many people use products containing SLS without issues.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) may be listed as "Sodium Lauryl Sulfate" or "Sodium Laureth Sulfate" if ethoxylation is involved (SLES).

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a detergent and wetting agent effective in both alkaline and acidic conditions.
In recent years it has found application in analytical electrophoretic techniques: SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is one of the more widely used techniques for the analysis of proteins; and sodium lauryl sulfate has been used to enhance the selectivity of micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC).
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) K12, sodium lauryl sulfate CAS 151-21-3, is a synthetic organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)11SO4Na.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is incompatible with strong oxidizers.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is also incompatible with cationic materials and with acids with pH below 2.5.
Salts, basic, such as SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%), are generally soluble in water.

The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0. They react as bases to neutralize acids.
These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines.
They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) reacts with cationic surfactants, causing loss of activity even in concentrations too low to cause precipitation.
Unlike soaps, SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is compatible with dilute acids and calcium and magnesium ions.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is incompatible with salts of polyvalent metal ions, such as aluminum, lead, tin or zinc, and precipitates with potassium salts.

Preparation:
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can be synthesized by reacting dodecyl alcohol with sulfur trioxide gas, followed by neutralization with sodium hydroxide.
The preparation of SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) involves the following steps: The reaction takes place in a vertical reactor at 32 °C.
Nitrogen gas is introduced through the gas vents at a flow rate of 85.9 L/min.

Lauryl alcohol is added at a flow rate of 58 g/min at 82.7 kPa.
Liquid sulfur trioxide is fed into the flash evaporator at 124.1 kPa, with a flow rate of 0.9072 kg/h and a flash temperature of 100 °C.

The sulfated product is quickly cooled to 50 °C, aged for 10-20 min, then neutralized with a base in a neutralization kettle controlled at 50 °C.
The pH is adjusted to 7-8.5, and the liquid product is spray dried to obtain a solid product.

Uses:
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as an emulsifying agent in various food products.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used for cleaning and sterilizing medical equipment, such as surgical instruments.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is sometimes used in hair conditioners to improve the texture of the hair and make it easier to comb through after shampooing.

Some adhesive removers and solvents used to remove stickers, labels, and tape residues may contain SLS to help dissolve and lift the adhesive.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as additives in capillary electrophoresis analysis and is generally used as molar solution.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is also used in other analysis such as flow column analysis.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as Detergent and textile auxiliaries, as foaming agent for toothpaste, mine fire extinguishing agent, emulsion polymerization emulsifier, wool cleaning agent, etc
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as anionic surface activator, emulsifier and foaming agent
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) has excellent decontamination, emulsification and foaming power.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can be used as detergents and textile auxiliaries.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can also be used as anionic surfactants, toothpaste foaming agents, mine fire extinguishers, and chemicalbook fire extinguishers.
Foaming agent, emulsion polymerization emulsifier and dispersing agent, shampoo and other cosmetic products, wool detergent, detergent for fine silk and wool fabrics.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as detergent and textile , toothpaste foaming agent, fire-extinguishing foam, emulsion polymerization emulsifier, pharmaceutical emulsifying dispersant, shampoo and other.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) and SLES are used to create a lathering effect, help remove dirt and oil from hair, and distribute the product evenly.
They provide foaming and cleaning properties in shower gels, body washes, and bar soaps.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used to create a foamy texture and help dislodge debris from teeth.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) often found in liquid hand soaps to cleanse hands effectively.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) and SLES create a creamy lather that helps with shaving.

Some facial cleansers use these compounds to remove makeup and cleanse the skin.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) helps to remove grease and food residue from dishes.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used to break down and remove stains from clothing.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is found in various cleaning products, including all-purpose cleaners and bathroom cleaners, to help with the removal of dirt and grime.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in various industrial processes, such as in the textile and paper industries, to assist in the dispersion and removal of contaminants and impurities.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as a reference standard in research and scientific studies.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is often employed in studies related to surface and interfacial science.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in textile and leather processing to aid in the wetting, emulsification, and removal of impurities.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in the formulation of pesticides and herbicides to enhance the dispersion and adhesion of active ingredients on plant surfaces.

Some pet shampoos and grooming products contain SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) or SLES to help clean and lather pet fur.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in some car cleaning products, including car wash soaps and interior cleaners.
Specialized firefighting foams may contain SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) to help extinguish liquid fuel fires by forming a protective film on the surface of the fuel.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, plant protection products and polymers.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in the following areas: building & construction work and agriculture, forestry and fishing.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is widely used in toothpaste foaming agent, cosmetic emulsifier, shampoo, bath agent and other washing cosmetics surfactant.

Also widely SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) used in pharmaceutical industry, widely used in pharmaceutical manufacturing emulsifier, detergent, dispersant, wetting agent, foaming agent.
As concrete additive, foaming agent and air entraining agent in construction industry.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can also be used as leveling agent and mineral flotation agent in printing and dyeing industry.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polishes and waxes and polymers.
Release to the environment of SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is widely used in liquid detergent, such as dishware, shampoo, bubble bath and hand cleaner, etc.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can be used in washing powder and detergent for heavy dirty.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can be used to replace LAS, so that the general dosage of active matter is reduced.

In textile, printing and dyeing, oil and leather industries, it is used as lubricant, dyeing agent, cleaner, foaming agent and degreasing agent.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is often used in detergents and textile industry.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) belongs to Anionic surfactant.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is Soluble in water, with good anionic and nonionic complex compatibility , good emulsification, foaming, osmosis, decontamination and dispersion properties, are widely used in toothpaste, shampoo,detergent, liquid washing, cosmetics and plastic mold release, lubrication and pharmaceutical, paper making, building materials, chemical industry, etc.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is also used in laboratory and research settings as a standard reference compound due to its well-known properties.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as a model compound in studies related to surface and interfacial science.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in the following products: polymers, laboratory chemicals, pharmaceuticals and washing & cleaning products.
Release to the environment of SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Other release to the environment of SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in a variety of products, including: Grooming products, such as shaving cream, lip balm, hand sanitizer, nail treatments, makeup remover, foundation, facial cleansers, exfoliants, and liquid hand soap.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) helps combine oil and water-based ingredients, ensuring a uniform mixture in products like salad dressings, sauces, and beverages.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can be used in some pharmaceutical formulations, such as in oral medications, where it helps disperse active ingredients for easier swallowing.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in some adhesive and sealant products to improve the wetting and bonding properties, making them easier to apply and more effective.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) can be found in certain dry chemical fire extinguishers to suppress flammable liquid fires.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in the oil and gas industry as an ingredient in drilling fluids to stabilize the drilling mud and improve the suspension of solids.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in firefighting foams, especially those designed for combating flammable liquid fires.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) helps create a stable foam blanket that extinguishes the fire by separating it from oxygen.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) may be used in food processing for cleaning and sanitizing equipment and food contact surfaces due to its ability to break down grease and organic residues.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is an emulsifier and whipping aid that has a solubility of 1 g in 10 ml of water.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) functions as an emulsifier in egg whites.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as a whipping aid in marshmallows and angel food cake mix.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) also functions to aid in dissolving fumaric acid.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used etting agent, detergent, especially in the textile industry.
Electrophoretic separation of proteins and lipids. Ingredient of toothpastes.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) has excellent detergency, emulsification and foaming power, can be used as detergents and textile auxiliaries, and is also used as an anionic surfactant, toothpaste foaming agent, mine fire extinguishing agents, foaming agents for fire extinguishers, emulsion polymerization emulsifiers, emulsifying and dispersing agents for medical use, shampoo and other cosmetic products, wool detergent, detergent for silky class fine fabrics and flotation agent for metal beneficiation.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) used as foaming agents; emulsifying agents; and anionic surfactants.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used for cakes, drinks, proteins, fruits, fruit juice, and edible oil, and so on.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as surfactants, detergents, foaming agents, and wetting agents, and so on.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as relatively low-level ion-pairing reagents, and is cheaper than sodium heptanesulfonate and sodium pentanesulfonate when less demanding.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used as raw material for modifying materials.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is used in the textile industry as a wetting agent to aid in the even distribution of dyes and chemicals during the dyeing and finishing processes.

Safety Profile:
Poison by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes.
Moderately toxic by ingestion.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) a human skin irritant.

An experimental eye and severe skin irritant.
Mutation data reported.
When heated to decomposition SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) emits toxic fumes of SO, and Na2O.

SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is widely used in cosmetics and oral and topical pharmaceutical formulations.
SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) is a moderately toxic material with acute toxic effects including irritation to the skin, eyes, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, and stomach.

Repeated, prolonged exposure to dilute solutions may cause drying and cracking of the skin; contact dermatitis may develop.
Prolonged inhalation of SLS 93% (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate 93%) will damage the lungs.

Pulmonary sensitization is possible, resulting in hyperactive airway dysfunction and pulmonary allergy.
Animal studies have shown intravenous administration to cause marked toxic effects to the lung, kidney, and liver.
Mutagenic testing in bacterial systems has proved negative.

SLS POWDER
DESCRIPTION:
SLS Powder is bubbly froth-producing surfactant is derived naturally from coconut oil or palm kernel oil and is known for its widespread application in manufacturing cleansers, detergents, and cosmetics.

CAS No: 151-21-3
INCI Name- Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Molecular Formula-NaSO4C12H25
Alternate Names- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Powder is often used as a foaming agent in many common products: Bath products, shampoos, foaming powders and more
SLS Powder is Highly Active, high quality SLS Powdered sodium lauryl sulfate.

SLS Powder is sUseful in powdered or tablet or blended liquid hard surface, and carpet cleaners, powdered bubble baths, and cleansing preparations, scouring and foaming agents SLS is also commonly used in many in textile and industrial cleaners, powdered hand cleaners.
SLS Powder is Great to use in liquid hand soaps too.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is a strong, anionic surfactant that is considered milder than sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) but has very similar properties.
Sulfates are stable in bases at a higher pH, with good foaming properties.

SLS (Sodium Lauryl Sulfate) Powder is a versatile and widely used cleaning and foaming agent known for its effective cleansing properties.
This white, crystalline powder has found its way into various industries, from personal care and cosmetics to household cleaning products


Sodium lauryl sulfate is an anionic surfactant,also called sodium dodecyl sulfate K12 for short. is an anionic surfactant (a wetting agent that reduces and lowers the surface tension of a liquid and the tension between two liquids) and is commonly used in numerous hygiene, cosmetic, and cleaning products.
Sodium lauryl sulfate is soluble in water, it has excellent emulsifying, foaming, penetrating, decontamination and dispersing properties, rich and delicate foam, good compatibility, good resistance to hard water and fast biodegradation.
Due to its efficacy, low cost, abundance and simplicity, it’s used in a variety of cosmetic, dermatological and consumer products.



BENEFITS AND USES OF SLS POWDER:
Our pure and concentrated SLS creates a copious, creamy, and luxurious foam that will deeply clean your body and hair.
SLS Powder enhances the viscosity of the products thereby making them thicker and creamier.
You can remove your makeup with this, and SLS Powder will leave your skin squeaky clean.

SLS Powder prevents oil build-up on your face and prevents acne.
When added to detergents SLS Powder can remove the toughest stains from your clothes.
Its astronomical cleaning power is sufficient to leave the floor of your house clean and shiny.


SLS Powder has Excellent foam and viscosity enhancer
SLS Powder has Good cleansing properties
SLS Powder Can be used together with other surfactants
SLS Powder Provides high foam, good lather, and excellent detergent properties


SLS Powder is used in Body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, various personal care cleansing products

SLS Powder formula is a highly effective used to remove oily stains and residues used in many personal care and home care products like Shampoo, Bubble Bath, Shower Gel, Face Wash, Dish Wash, Liquid Detergent and Hand Wash.
SLS Powder is also used in the printing and dyeing industry, petroleum and leather industry as lubricant, dyeing agent, cleanser, foaming agent and degreasing Grooming products, such as shaving cream, lip balm, hand sanitizer, nail treatments, makeup remover, foundation, facial cleansers, exfoliants, and liquid hand soap Hair products, such as shampoo, conditioner, hair dye, dandruff treatment, and styling gel Dental care products, such as toothpaste, teeth whitening products, and mouthwash Bath products, such as bath oils or salts, body wash, and bubble bath Creams and lotions, such as hand cream, masks, anti-itch creams, hair-removal products, and sunscreen


Personal care:
Cosmetic products:
SLS Powder is used in facial cleansers, exfoliants, hand sanitizers, hair dyes, lip balms, lotions, makeup foundations, makeup removers, nail polish, shaving cream, styling gels, and sunscreens.

Cleaning products:
SLS Powder is used in all-purpose cleaners, bath salts, body wash, car wash cleaners, engine degreasers, floor cleaners, laundry detergents, liquid hand soaps, mouthwash, shampoos, conditioners, toothpaste, and teeth whitening products.

SLS Powder formula is a highly effective used to remove oily stains and residues used in many personal care and home care products like Shampoo, Bubble Bath, Shower Gel, Face Wash, Dish Wash, Liquid Detergent and Hand Wash.

SLS Powder is also used in the printing and dyeing industry, petroleum and leather industry as lubricant, dyeing agent, cleanser, foaming agent and degreasing Grooming products, such as shaving cream, lip balm, hand sanitizer, nail treatments, makeup remover, foundation, facial cleansers, exfoliants, and liquid hand soap Hair products, such as shampoo, conditioner, hair dye, dandruff treatment, and styling gel Dental care products, such as toothpaste, teeth whitening products, and mouthwash Bath products, such as bath oils or salts, body wash, and bubble bath Creams and lotions, such as hand cream, masks, anti-itch creams, hair-removal products, and sunscreen


HOW SLS POWDER WORKS
SLS Powder works by breaking the surface tension of the water and enabling it to clear any dirt, dust, or grime.
SLS Powder acts as an emulsifier to thicken the formulation and even out its texture.


CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY:
Typically, SLS Powder is used at a concentration of less than 1% in rinse-off products and greater than 1% for household or industrial products.
In cosmetics, the concentration should be around 0.01%-0.5%.
SLS Powder is partially soluble in both water and oil.



HOW TO USE SLS POWDER:
Mix SLS Powder with other surfactants and add the mix to the heated water phase at 70o
Mix water and oil phase at a temperature of 40C and stir continuously.
Add active ingredients and stabilisers to the final mixture.


KEY FEATURES OF SLS POWDER:
Effective Cleansing:
SLS Powder is valued for its exceptional ability to create rich and stable lather, making it a popular choice in products that require thorough cleaning.

Foaming Power:
SLS Powder generates copious amounts of foam and bubbles, which enhance the sensory experience of cleansing.

Dissolves Easily:
SLS Powder easily dissolves in water, making it convenient to work with in formulations.

Versatility:
SLS Powder is highly versatile and finds applications in various industries, including personal care, cosmetics, detergents, and more.

COMMON USES OF SLS POWDER:
Personal Care:
SLS Powder is a key ingredient in shampoos, body washes, toothpaste, and soaps, creating a luxurious lather for effective cleansing.

Cosmetics:
SLS Powder is used in various cosmetic products like facial cleansers, makeup removers, and bath products for its foaming and cleansing properties.

Household Cleaners:
SLS Powder is found in many household cleaning products due to its cleaning and degreasing abilities.

BENEFITS OF SLS POWDER:
Cleansing Power:
SLS Powder provides effective cleansing, removing dirt, oil, and impurities from surfaces and skin.

Foaming Action:
SLS Powder enhances the sensory experience by creating rich, stable foam and bubbles.

Versatility:
SLS Powder’s versatility makes it a valuable ingredient in a wide range of products.
SLS Powder is a trusted ingredient in the world of personal care, cosmetics, and cleaning products, known for its ability to deliver a thorough and enjoyable cleansing experience.
Whether you’re looking to formulate a gentle shampoo, a foaming facial cleanser, or an effective household cleaner, SLS Powder plays a crucial role in achieving cleanliness and foaminess.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SLS POWDER:
Scent, Characteristic of surfactants—detergenty
pH, 9.75–10.25 (1% solution)
Charge, Anionic
Solubility, Water
Why do we use it in formulations?:
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is an excellent cleanser and creates wonderful, luxurious lather.
SLS Powder is also inexpensive.

Refined or unrefined?:
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) only exists as a refined product
Strengths, Strong, inexpensive, effective surfactant
Alternatives & Substitutions, Would choose something milder, like Sodium Coco Sulfate (SCS), Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLeS), or Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate (SLSa).
Appearance, White or yellowish powder (powder),
Odor, No strange odors,
Active matter(%), ≥93, ≥95
Free oil (%), ≤3, ≤3
Inorganic sulfate (%), ≤5, ≤2
Water content, ≤3, ≤2
Color(5%Am.aq,sol.)Klett, –, –
pH-value(1%sol), 7~10, 7~10
Whiteness, ≥80, ≥80




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SLS POWDER:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.
SLS POWDER

DESCRIPTION:
SLS Powder is is often used as a foaming agent in many common products: Bath products, shampoos, foaming powders and more.
SLS Powder is Highly Active, high quality SLS Powdered sodium lauryl sulfate.


CAS NUMBER:151-21-3
EC-No. : 205-788-1


SLS Powder is Useful in powdered or tablet or blended liquid hard surface, and carpet cleaners, powdered bubble baths, and cleansing preparations, scouring and foaming agents SLS is also commonly used in many in textile and industrial cleaners, powdered hand cleaners.
SLS Powder is Great to use in liquid hand soaps too.

This insane bubbly froth-producing surfactant is derived naturally from coconut oil or palm kernel oil and is known for its widespread application in manufacturing cleansers, detergents, and cosmetics.

SLS Powder is an alkyl sulphate on the basis of a natural, saturated, straight-chain, primary fatty alcohol.
Its foam and cleansing properties are noteworthy.
SLS Powder is characterized by a very high active substance matter and a very low content of inorganic salts and unsulfated fatty alcohol.


Sodium Lauryl sulfate is a chemical additive used to increase lather and foam in toiletry products.
SLS is a dry powder that is used in the cosmetic industry in many products.


Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Powder, also known as "SLS" is an anionic surfactant powder used in a wide variety of applications. Sodium Lauryl Sulfate powder is used to make effective hard surface cleaners for commercial/industry, as well as transportation cleaners.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Powder is a high quality, high activity level of SLS Powder at 90% Active +-
SLS can be used with other anionic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Powder has High Foaming



SLS or sodium lauryl sulphate powder is very useful in the production of a wide range of personal care products.
These chemicals are primarily used as emulsifier, surfactant, dispersant, foamer and wetting agent in the industries of cleaning and personal care.
SLS powder Suitable for those personal care applications that require foam characteristics and viscosity building, SLS powder is specially used for pearlescent, opaque or cream products.


BENEFITS OF SLS POWDER:
Pure and concentrated SLS creates a copious, creamy, and luxurious foam that will deeply clean your body and hair.
SLS Powder enhances the viscosity of the products thereby making them thicker and creamier.
You can remove your makeup with this, and SLS Powder will leave your skin squeaky clean.


SLS Powder prevents oil build-up on your face and prevents acne.
When added to detergents SLS Powder can remove the toughest stains from your clothes.
Its astronomical cleaning power is sufficient to leave the floor of your house clean and shiny.

Spray crystallized granular sodium lauryl sulfate, based on a natural saturated straight-chain primary fatty alcohol
SLS Powder is Extremely efficient excipient throughout the tableting process
SLS Powder is Widely used ionic solubilizer and high HLB anionic emulsifier

SLS Powder is Additionally suitable as wetting agent or lubricant
SLS Powder is Suitable for solid, semi-solid dosage forms and foams
SLS Powder is Used in biopharma manufacturing for solubilizing inclusion bodies during downstream processing

Applications of SLS POWDER:

SLS Powder is used as foaming agent in tooth pastes, Shaving Creams, Powder shampoo etc.
In pharmaceutical industry it is used for Tableting.
SLS Powder is used in firefighting equipment also.

SLS Powder is widely used in Toothpaste, to produce Shampoo & Fire Fighting Foams.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS) is used as a detergent, a foaming agent, and for viscosity building in personal care products.
Due to its low salt content, SLS Powder is useful in formulations that are sensitive to high levels of sodium chloride..

Its one of the most irritating ingredients in personal care products yet used by almost every manufacturer worldwide.
SLS Powder is Found in shampoos and other personal care products, SLS is used commercially to clean floors, as an engine degreaser and a car wash Ammonium lauryl sulfate is the most strongly irritant, followed by sodium lauryl sulfate.




HOW SLS POWDER WORKS?:
SLS Powder works by breaking the surface tension of the water and enabling it to clear any dirt, dust, or grime.
SLS Powder acts as an emulsifier to thicken the formulation and even out its texture.


CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF SLS POWDER:
Typically, SLS Powder is used at a concentration of less than 1% in rinse-off products and greater than 1% for household or industrial products.
In cosmetics, the concentration should be around 0.01%-0.5%.
SLS Powder is partially soluble in both water and oil.


HOW TO USE SLS POWDER?:
Mix SLS Powder with other surfactants and add the mix to the heated water phase at 70o
Mix water and oil phase at a temperature of 40oC and stir continuously.
Add active ingredients and stabilisers to the final mixture.

USES OF SLS POWDER:
SLS Powder is used in Laundry Products (tablets, compacts powder, dry mixed formulations)
SLS Powder is used in Household Cleaners
SLS Powder is used in Car and Truck Wash

SLS Powder is used in Textile
SLS Powder is on the FIFRA list for intert ingredients.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SLS POWDER:

INCI Name- Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Molecular Formula-NaSO4C12H25
Alternate Names- Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
Purity of the Ingredient- 98%
Product form : Substance
Trade name : SODIUM LAURYL SULPHATE POWDER EXTRA PURE
EC-No. : 205-788-1
CAS-No. : 151-21-3
Type of product : Surfactants
Formula : C12H25NaSO4
Physical state : Solid
Appearance : Crystalline powder.
Molecular mass : 288.38 g/mol
Colour : White.
Odour : faint odour.
pH : 8.5 – 10
pH solution concentration : 1 % (Aqueous solution)
Melting point : 204 – 207 °C
Flash point : > 100 °C
Auto-ignition temperature : 310.5 °C
Flammability (solid, gas) : The substance or mixture is a flammable solid with the subcategory 1 Flammable solid.
Vapour pressure : 0.002 hPa at 20°C
Density : 0.37 g/cm³
Solubility : Water: 130 g/l at 20°C - Soluble in water
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water (Log Pow) : 0.83 at 22°C



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SLS POWDER:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product








SYNONYMS OF SLS POWDER:

Sodium Coco Sulfate (SCS)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLeS)
Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate (SLSa)
SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate is an alkyl sodium sulfate surfactant.
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate exhibits antimycotic properties, making it effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi.
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate has the potential to induce genetic damage by binding to DNA and forming adducts.

CAS: 126-92-1
MF: C8H17NaO4S
MW: 232.27
EINECS: 204-812-8

Synonyms
08-unioncarbide;sulfirol8;Sulfuricacid,mono(2-ethylhexyl)ester,sodiumsalt;tergemist;tergimist;tergitolanionic08;SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL;SULFATE;TERGITOL-8;SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE;126-92-1;Sodium ethasulfate;Sodium etasulfate;Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt;Sodium Ethasulfate [USAN];Pentrone ON;Ethasulfate sodium;Sulfirol 8;Rhodapon ols;08-Union carbide;Tergitol 08;Tergitol anionic 08;Propaste 6708;Sodium ethasulphate;Sole Tege TS-25;Sodium (2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate;Tergemist;Emcol D 5-10;2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate;Sodium etasulfate [INN];Sodium Ethylhexyl Sulfate;Mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate sodium salt;Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt;sodium;2-ethylhexyl sulfate;2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate;NCI-C50204;Sodium(2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate;DTXSID1026033;2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt;NSC-4744;MFCD00042047;1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, sulfate, sodium salt;2-Ethyl-1-hexanol hydrogen sulfate sodium salt;Sodium etasulfate (INN);Sipex bos;12838560LI;1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, hydrogen sulfate, sodium salt;Sodium ethasulfate (USAN);DTXCID706033;NIA proof 08;Emersal 6465;Natrii etasulfas;Sodium octyl sulfate, iso;2-Ethylhexylsulfate sodium;Etasulfato sodico;CAS-126-92-1;Etasulfate de sodium;Natrii etasulfas [INN-Latin];CCRIS 2461;2-Ethylhexylsiran sodny [Czech];Etasulfato sodico [INN-Spanish];HSDB 1314;2-Ethylhexylsiran sodny;Sodium mono(2-ethylhexyl) sulfate;Etasulfate de sodium [INN-French]
;NCGC00164327-02;NSC 4744;Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (40%-60% in Water);EINECS 204-812-8;Mono(2-ethylhexyl)sulfate sodium salt;Niaproof(R);sodium etasul-fate;UNII-12838560LI;EC 204-812-8;SCHEMBL57666;SODIUM2-ETHYLHEXYLSULFATE;CHEMBL2107701;2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium salt;SODIUM ETHASULFATE [HSDB];DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M;(+/-)-SODIUM ETHASULFATE;SODIUM ETASULFATE [WHO-DD];Tox21_112098;Tox21_303207;AKOS015833419;SODIUM ETHASULFATE, (+/-)-;HY-W130648;SODIUM ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE [INCI];NCGC00164327-01;NCGC00257129-01;DB-030357;CS-0196653
;NS00078113;Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, ~50% in H2O;Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, Type 8, ~40%;D05858;F71244;J-005450;J-524267;Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate, 40% solution inwater;Q27251390;Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt (1:1)

Furthermore, Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate can be used in various analytical applications, particularly in wastewater treatment, as well as serving as a preservative for oils and fats.
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate is probably nonflammable.
Clear, colorless, slightly viscous liquid.

Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 148-149 °C
Density: 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 1.2Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: Store at RT.
Solubility: DMSO (Soluble), Water (Soluble)
Form: Colourless Solution
Water Solubility: >=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC
BRN: 5177087
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H18O4S.Na/c1-3-5-6-8(4-2)7-12-13(9,10)11;/h8H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10,11);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey: DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -0.248 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 126-92-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate (126-92-1)

Uses
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate is an anionic surfactant that can be used:
In suspension polymerization.
In the analysis of phenolic compounds through microchip-CE with pulsed amperometric detection.
As charge balancing anions in the synthesis of organo-layered double hydroxides (organo-LDHs).
Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate Hydrate (40% in Water) can be used for stable aqueous suspension formulations.
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate is an alkyl sodium sulfate surfactant.
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfateexhibits antimycotic properties, making it effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi.
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate has the potential to induce genetic damage by binding to DNA and forming adducts.
Furthermore, Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate can be used in various analytical applications, particularly in wastewater treatment, as well as serving as a preservative for oils and fats.
SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE (2-EHS)
DESCRIPTION:

Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) is a low-foaming anionic surfactant with excellent wetting properties and outstanding stability in highly electrolyte, alkaline and acidic systems.
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) is a profound hydrotropic and wetting agent suitable for use in the production of liquid detergents for household and industrial use such as hard-surface cleaners and alkaline and acid metal degreasers.

CAS # 126-92-1
EC # 204-812-8


SYNONYMS OF SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE (2-EHS):
Sulfuric acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester,sodium salt (1:1);Sulfuric acid,mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester,sodium salt;1-Hexanol,2-ethyl-,hydrogen sulfate,sodium salt;2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate sodium salt;2-Ethylhexyl sodium sulfate;Sodium etasulfate;Sodium ethasulfate;Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate;Tergemist;Tergimist;Tergitol 08;Ethasulfate sodium;Sulfirol 8;Pentrone ON;Emcol D 5-10;Sole Tege TS 25;2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sodium sulfate;Tergitol Anionic 08;2-Ethylhexyl sulfate sodium salt;NAS 08;Niaproof 08;Sintrex EHR;Nissan Sintrex EHR;Lugalvan TC-EHS;Sulfotex CA;Rewopol NEHS 40;Witcolate D 5-10;Texapon 890;Sodium octyl sulphate;Sodium octyl sulfate;Newcol 1000SN;Avirol SA 4106;Sinolin SO 35;Rhodapon BOS;Supralate SP;Carsonol SHS;Rhodapon OLS;Lutensit TC-EHS;NSC 4744;Sulfotex OA;Stepanol EHS;Pionin A 20;Texapon EHS;Kraftex OA;Disponil EHS 47;Sandet OHE;Steponol EHS;Sulfopon O;TC-EHS;11099-08-4;37349-48-7;75037-31-9


Owing to its wetting and penetrating properties Syntapon EH is used as a mercerizing agent in textile industry, in metal galvanization, pickling and brightening, in lye washing and peeling solutions for fruits and vegetables, in fountain solutions for offset printing, wallpaper removal solutions etc.

Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate hydrate(40% in water) (cas# 126-92-1) is a useful research chemical.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE (2-EHS):
Chemical description Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate
INCI name Sodium Ethylhexyl Sulfate
EC name Sodium etasulfate
CAS # 126-92-1
EC # 204-812-8
Density:
1.114 at 71.1 °F (NTP, 1992)
Boiling Point:
205 to 219 °F at 760 mm Hg (NTP, 1992)
Flash Point:
greater than 200 °F (NTP, 1992)
Water Solubility:
greater than or equal to 100 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992)
Vapor Pressure:
22.5 mm Hg at 77 °F (NTP, 1992)
Air and Water Reactions:
Water soluble.
Reactive Group:
Esters, Sulfate Esters, Phosphate Esters, Thiophosphate Esters, and Borate Esters


Find Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) ideal for agriculture applications.
This surfactant and wetting agent works well in fruit and vegetable washes.

Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) product carries excellent wetting, spreading and hydrotropic proterties.
Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) can tolorate alkanline condition.

Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) is mainly applied as the wetting agent in alkaline solution such as textile industry.
Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) can also added to the aerosol fulmulated product as the spreading agent.
Also Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) can be used as the hydrotropic agent.


The offered Sodium 2 Ethyl Hexyl Sulphate 2 EHS is widely used for metalworking, textile industry, printing applications, agriculture, emulsion polymerization, etc.
Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) is perfect to be used for the manufacturing of cleaning liquids and industrial cleaning agents for the cleaning of hard surface cleaning.
Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) is packed in the best quality HDPE material in order to protect them from a number of external factors.


FEATURES OF SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE (2-EHS)

Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) is highly stable in high concentrations of many electrolytes.
Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) is highly resistant to acid hydrolysis. Also stable in alkalies of 15% concentrations.
High concentrations of electrolyte do not deteriorate the solubility of 2EHS and improves its wetting,penetrating & dispersing powers.




PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE (2-EHS):
appearance at 20°C clear yellowish liquid
density at 20°C, g/cm3, c. 1.10
active matter, % wt. 42 ± 2
pH, 3% aqueous solution 9.0 - 10.5
Category:Surfactants
Actives, %:40
Cloud Point, °C:0
CMC, mg/l:2879.0
Density at 25°C, g/ml:1.11
Draves Wetting at 25°C, seconds:>300.0
Flash Point, °C:>94
Form at 25°C:Liquid
Freeze Point, °C:-4
Interfacial tension, nM/M:47.0
Specific Gravity at 25°C:1.11
Surface Tension, mN/m:37.4
Viscosity at 25°C, cps:35
RVOC, U.S. EPA %:0
description
anionic
Quality Level
200
form
liquid
mol wt
232.27 g/mol
concentration
4.95% (Na, ICP)
~50% in H2O

technique(s)
protein quantification: suitable
density
1.12 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
[Na+].CCCCC(CC)COS([O-])(=O)=O
InChI
1S/C8H18O4S.Na/c1-3-5-6-8(4-2)7-12-13(9,10)11;/h8H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10,11);/q;+1/p-1
InChI key
DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Active Matter (Mol. Wt-232)
34 % (Min)
Appearance
Very White Pale Yellow Liquid
Specific Gravity
1.090- 1.119

pH Value
6.5- 10.5
Physical Form
LIquid
Brand
Sugam Chemicals
Melting point 148-149 °C
Density 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure 1.2Pa at 20℃
storage temp. Store at RT.
solubility DMSO (Soluble), Water (Soluble)
form Colourless Solution
Water Solubility >=10 g/100 mL at 20 ºC
BRN 5177087
Stability Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChI InChI=1S/C8H18O4S.Na/c1-3-5-6-8(4-2)7-12-13(9,10)11;/h8H,3-7H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10,11);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey DGSDBJMBHCQYGN-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES C(CC)(CCCC)COS([O-])(=O)=O.[Na+]
LogP -0.248 at 25℃
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS) SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE
FDA 21 CFR 173.315; 175.105; 176.170
CAS DataBase Reference 126-92-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 1
FDA UNII 12838560LI
EPA Substance Registry System Sodium ethasulfate (126-92-1)




APPLICATION AREAS OF SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE (2-EHS):
• HI&I cleaning
• Emulsion polymerization
• Metalworking
• Textile auxiliaries
• Printing industry
• Agriculture


Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate is an alkyl sodium sulfate surfactant.
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate exhibits antimycotic properties, making it effective in inhibiting the growth of fungi.

Sodium 2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate (2-EHS) has the potential to induce genetic damage by binding to DNA and forming adducts.
Furthermore, sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate can be used in various analytical applications, particularly in wastewater treatment, as well as serving as a preservative for oils and fats.

USES OF SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE (2-EHS):
Sodium 2-ethylhexyl sulfate is an anionic surfactant that can be used:

In suspension polymerization.
In the analysis of phenolic compounds through microchip-CE with pulsed amperometric detection.
As charge balancing anions in the synthesis of organo-layered double hydroxides (organo-LDHs).


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM 2-ETHYLHEXYL SULFATE (2-EHS):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite.

CAS Number: 1562-00-1
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 148.11
EINECS Number: 216-343-6

SODIUM ISETHIONATE, 1562-00-1, Isethionic acid sodium salt, Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt, Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, DTXSID7027413, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1), 3R36J71C17, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate, HSDB 5838, NSC-124283, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate, C2H5NaO4S, EINECS 216-343-6, MFCD00007534, NSC 124283, sodium;2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, UNII-3R36J71C17, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, EC 216-343-6, sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate, Isethionic acid, sodium salt, SCHEMBL125497, CHEMBL172191, DTXCID007413, ISETHIONATE, SODIUM SALT, Sodium 2-Hydroxy-Ethanesulfonate, SODIUM ISETHIONATE [HSDB], SODIUM ISETHIONATE [INCI], LADXKQRVAFSPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M, Isethionic acid sodium salt, 98%, HY-Y1173, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid; sodium, Tox21_200227, AKOS015912506, NCGC00257781-01, CAS-1562-00-1, SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID, CS-0017163, FT-0627314, H0241, A809723, J-009283, Q1969744, F1905-7166

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is a drug that is used to treat metabolic disorders such as cystinuria and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is also used for the treatment of water-vapor related respiratory problems and cataracts, as well as for the prevention of renal stone formation.
This drug is made through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of taurine in reaction solution with phosphorus pentoxide.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate binds to the chloride ion receptor site on the Na+/K+ ATPase, causing an inhibition of the enzyme's function.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H5NaO4S.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is the sodium salt of isethionic acid.

The chemical structure of isethionic acid includes a hydroxyl group (OH) and a sulfonic acid group (SO3H).
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products, particularly in soap and detergent formulations.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate functions as a surfactant, which means it helps to reduce the surface tension of liquids and allows them to spread more easily.

In skincare products, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can contribute to the formation of a stable lather and enhance the cleansing properties of the product.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate, short chain alkane sulfonate containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble, strongly acidic liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is the trivial name for 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid which is the parent compound of sodium isethionate.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate has been shown to increase locomotor activity in rats by improving their biochemical properties.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is an organic salt and an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and daily chemicals.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is an organosulfur compound.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is prepared by the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite solution.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is the sodium salt of 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid (isethionic acid), it is used as a hydrophilic head group in washing-active surfactants, known as isethionates (acyloxyethanesulfonates) due to its strong polarity and resistance to multivalent ions.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is being studied as a high production volume chemical in the "High Production Volume (HPV) Chemical Challenge Program" of the US Environmental Protection Ministry EPA.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is an organosulfur compound containing an alkylsulfonic acid located beta to a hydroxy group.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.

Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can be found in both human plasma and urine.
Higher plasma levels of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonates discovery is generally attributed to Heinrich Gustav Magnus, who prepared it by the action of solid sulfur trioxide on ethanol in 1833.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is a white water-soluble solid used in the manufacture of certain surfactants and in the industrial production of taurine.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is most commonly available in the form of its sodium salt (sodium isethionate).
Spectrum Chemical manufactures and distributes fine chemicals with quality can count on including those with CAS number 1562-00-1, Whether call it Isethionic Acid Sodium Salt, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt or Sodium Isethionate can be assured the Isethionic Acid Sodium Salt products offered by Spectrum, meet or exceed the grade requirements or specifications for each individual product.

Melting point: 191-194 °C(lit.)
Density: 1762.7[at 20℃]
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Fine Powder
color: White
PH: 7.0-11.0 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
BRN: 3633992
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
LogP: -4.6 at 20℃

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate contributes to the stability of formulations by preventing phase separation or changes in texture over time, enhancing the overall shelf life of the product.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is recognized by its International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name, which is the standardized system for naming cosmetic ingredients globally.
Formulators may need to consider the compatibility of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate with different packaging materials to ensure the stability and integrity of the product during storage and use.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is a water-soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable, and high-foaming anionic surfactants.
These surfactants provide gentle cleansing and a soft skin feel.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate forms a colourless, syrupy, and strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is frequently used in the industrial production of taurine.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can be found in both human plasma and urine.
Higher plasma levels of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is an organosulfur compound.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is commonly found in shampoos and hair care products.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonates surfactant properties help in removing oils and dirt from the hair and scalp, contributing to the overall cleansing performance of the product.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is often used in the formulation of syndet bars, which are synthetic detergent bars.
These bars are considered milder than traditional soap bars and are popular for cleansing without causing excessive dryness.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is generally considered to be biodegradable.
Biodegradability is an important consideration in the formulation of personal care products to minimize environmental impact.
In some formulations, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is included in toothpaste.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is foaming and cleansing properties can contribute to the effectiveness of toothpaste in removing plaque and debris from the teeth.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can help to adjust and stabilize the pH of a formulation.
Maintaining the appropriate pH is crucial for the stability and performance of many cosmetic and personal care products.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate, may be subject to regulations and guidelines set by health authorities in different countries.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate's important for manufacturers to ensure that their formulations comply with relevant regulations.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is commercially available and is used by cosmetic and personal care product manufacturers worldwide.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is availability contributes to its widespread use in various formulations.
Ongoing research and development in the cosmetic industry may lead to the discovery of new applications or formulations involving Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate, as well as potential improvements in its performance or environmental impact.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate for synthesis is a high-quality product widely used in various industries.

Known for its superior quality and excellent performance, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is extensively used in the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals for its exceptional properties and wide range of applications.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can have antistatic properties, which are beneficial in hair care products.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate helps reduce static electricity, making hair more manageable and less prone to frizz.

Some surfactants may not perform well in hard water, but Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate tends to be more compatible.
This makes Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate suitable for formulations in areas where hard water is prevalent.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate's versatility extends to its compatibility with various formulation types, such as liquid cleansers, solid bars, shampoos, and other personal care products.

In addition to its cleansing properties, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can contribute to a pleasant skin feel in cosmetic formulations, enhancing the overall sensory experience of the product.
As consumer demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products increases, there may be ongoing efforts within the industry to explore and develop more sustainable alternatives or production methods for ingredients like sodium isethionate.
The production of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate involves the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite.

Understanding the manufacturing process is crucial for ensuring the quality and purity of the final ingredient.
Ongoing research in the cosmetic and personal care industry may lead to the exploration of alternative ingredients with similar or improved properties compared to Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate.
As consumers become more informed about the ingredients in personal care products, there may be an increased emphasis on providing transparent information about the purpose and safety of ingredients like Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate.

Uses:
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is used in cleaning/washing agents, disinfectants, cosmetics, surface-active agents, shampoos, and bubble baths.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is used as a key raw material in the manufacturing of Igepon type surfactants which are ethanesulfonated detergent bars.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pH regulators and water treatment products, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.

Release to the environment of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, pharmaceuticals, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur and metals.
Release to the environment of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is an amphoteric detergent used in detergent bar soaps.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate makes a dense lather in addition to the lather made by the soap.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can also be used as the intermediate of shampoo, paste shampoo & detergent in daily chemical industry.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is used as the pharmaceutical raw materials, the intermediate of fine chemical products.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is a surfactant, so it is frequently used in cleansing products such as facial cleansers, body washes, and hand soaps.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate helps in emulsifying oils and removing dirt from the skin.
Due to its mild cleansing properties, sodium isethionate is used in hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate contributes to the formation of a rich lather and aids in cleaning the hair and scalp.
Syndet bars, short for synthetic detergent bars, often contain sodium isethionate.
These bars are milder than traditional soap bars and are popular for use in sensitive skin products.

In some toothpaste formulations, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate may be included to contribute to the foaming action and cleaning properties.
Its antistatic properties make Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate suitable for use in hair care products designed to reduce static electricity, making hair more manageable.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can be used to adjust and stabilize the pH of formulations.

This is important in maintaining the effectiveness and stability of various cosmetic products.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can act as a stabilizing agent in certain formulations, contributing to the overall stability and shelf life of the product.
The hydroxyl group in Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can contribute to the hydrating properties of formulations, making it suitable for use in moisturizing products.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, making it a versatile component in various formulations.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is often used in baby care products, such as baby shampoos and body washes, to provide a gentle cleansing experience for delicate skin.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can be included in facial cleansers and exfoliating scrubs to help cleanse the face and remove dead skin cells, contributing to a smoother complexion.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is sometimes used in combination with other surfactants to achieve specific performance characteristics.
This synergistic effect allows formulators to tailor the properties of the final product.
In addition to cleansers, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate may be included in creams and lotions to contribute to their emulsifying properties and enhance the spreadability of the product on the skin.

In hair care formulations, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can act as a pH adjuster, helping to maintain the desired pH level for optimal performance of the product.
As consumer demand for sulfate-free products increases, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate can be part of formulations designed to be sulfate-free while still providing effective cleansing.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonateis generally considered biodegradable, which is an important factor for formulators and consumers concerned about the environmental impact of cosmetic ingredients.

In some formulations, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate may be included in hand sanitizers to contribute to the cleansing properties of the product.
Ongoing research in the cosmetic industry may lead to the discovery of new applications or improved formulations involving Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate.
Manufacturers need to ensure that products containing Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate comply with relevant regulations and safety guidelines established by health authorities in different regions.

As consumer preferences evolve, sodium isethionate may find new applications in response to trends such as natural and organic formulations, cruelty-free products, and other emerging market demands.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is mild on the skin, and non-drying.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate works equally well in soft or hard water.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is also an anti-static agent in shampoos.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate works as an amphoteric detergent and can also be used as an intermediate in preparing surfactants derived from fatty acid sulfoalkyl esters (acyloxy ethane sulfonate).
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate increases the formulation's stability, improves the detergency in hard water, and is smooth to the skin.

Safety Profile:
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is known for its mildness, but like any cosmetic ingredient, it has the potential to cause irritation in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin.
Manufacturers should list all ingredients on product labels, allowing consumers to identify and avoid products containing substances to which they may be sensitive.
Products containing Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate are not intended for ingestion.

Ingesting cosmetic products can be harmful, and precautions should be taken to keep them out of reach of children.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate's advisable to conduct patch tests before widespread use, especially in products intended for sensitive areas like the face.
Care should be taken to avoid contact with eyes.

If contact occurs, rinsing with plenty of water is recommended.
Eye irritation can be a concern with many surfactants, so formulations containing sodium isethionate should be tested for ocular safety.
While Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate is generally well-tolerated, some people may be allergic or sensitive to specific ingredients.

SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE)
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is the sodium salt of 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid (isethionic acid).
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a white crystalline powder.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a compound with the chemical formula C2H4Na2O4S.


CAS Number: 1562-00-1
EC Number: 216-343-6
MDL number: MFCD00007534
Molecular Formula: C2H6NaO4S+



SYNONYMS:
ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, phonic acid, 2-HydroxyethanesuL, ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM, 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate, Sodiumhydroxyethylsulfonate, 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID, SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONATE, HYDROXYETHYLSULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, 2-Hydroxyethanesulphonic acid sodium salt , Sodium isethionate , Sodium hydroxyethyl sulphonate, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, Isethionic acid sodium salt, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate, Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate, Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate, Sodium Isethionate, 1562-00-1, Isethionic acid sodium salt, Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt, Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, 3R36J71C17, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1), Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate, HSDB 5838, NSC-124283, Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate, EINECS 216-343-6, MFCD00007534, NSC 124283, sodium,2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, ISETHIONATE, SODIUM SALT, UNII-3R36J71C17, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt, isethionic acid sodium, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, DSSTox_CID_7413, EC 216-343-6, sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate, DSSTox_RID_78445, DSSTox_GSID_27413, Isethionic acid, sodium salt, Istethionic Acid Sodium Salt, SCHEMBL125497, CHEMBL172191, DTXSID7027413, Sodium 2-Hydroxy-Ethanesulfonate, SODIUM ISETHIONATE, Isethionic acid sodium salt, 98%, HY-Y1173, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sodium, Tox21_200227, AKOS015912506, NCGC00257781-01, CAS-1562-00-1, SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID, CS-0017163, FT-0627314, H0241, A809723, J-009283, Q1969744, F1905-7166, sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, sodium isethionate, isethionic acid sodium salt, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt, sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt, sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate, sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate, sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate, sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate, phonic acid, 2-HydroxyethanesuL, Sodium isethionate, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, Isethionic acid, sodium salt, Sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate, sodium2-hydroxyethylsulfonate, sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, sodium2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate, 2-Hydroxyethansulfonsure, Na-Salz, sodiumbeta-hydroxyethanesulfonate, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, Ethanesulfonicacid,2-hydroxy-,monosodiumsalt, Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt, Acid, Hydroxyethylsulfonic, Acid, Isethionic, Hydroxyethylsulfonic Acid, Isethionate, Sodium, Isethionic Acid, Isethionic Acid Monoammonium Salt, Isethionic Acid Monopotassium Salt, Isethionic Acid Monosodium Salt, Sodium Isethionate



Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a white powdery substance, which is soluble in water.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is also known by several synonyms, including Hydroxyethylsulfonic acid, Sodium Salt, and Hydroxyethyl sulfonic acid sodium salt.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is the sodium salt of 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid (isethionic acid).


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is being studied as a high production volume chemical in the "High Production Volume (HPV) Chemical Challenge Program" of the US Environmental Protection Ministry EPA.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a versatile chemical compound utilized in various industries.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is an essential chemical compound used in many industries.
Its mildness, surfactant, and emulsifying properties make Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) an ideal additive in personal care products, food, and metalworking fluids.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate)'s unique properties make it safe and versatile with many robust applications.
Commercially available in pre-packaged formats, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is efficiently transported and stored, ensuring it meets the required specifications.


The manufacturing process of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is regulated, producing high-quality Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) to meet the stringent chemical requirements for different applications.
As such, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a valuable and essential chemical compound in many industries.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a white crystalline powder.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a compound with the chemical formula C2H4Na2O4S.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.


Overall, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a versatile compound with various applications in the personal care and industrial sectors.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is the main material for the product of Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate.
At the same times, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used widely in the field of washing products.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used by consumers, in articles, in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products.


Other release to the environment of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys).
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pH regulators and water treatment products, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.


Release to the environment of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, pharmaceuticals, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur and metals.
Release to the environment of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is an organic salt and an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and daily chemicals.
The synthesis principle is that sodium bisulfite and ethylene oxide undergo condensation reaction to produce Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate).


The main use of sodium Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is the production of the isethionate class of surfactants.
These are readily foaming and particularly mild, making them suitable for cleaning sensitive skin and are therefore Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is mainly used in baby soaps and shampoos.


Because of its pronounced skin compatibility sodium Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is added to soaps and liquid skin cleansers with up to 15 parts by weight.
From sodium Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) the so-called biological buffers such as HEPES, MES, PIPES etc. are easily accessible.


The addition of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) to electroplating baths allows higher current densities and lower concentrations than the much more expensive methane sulphonic acid with improved appearance.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used as a hydrophilic head group in washing-active surfactants, known as isethionates (acyloxyethanesulfonates) due to its strong polarity and resistance to multivalent ions.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used as the pharmaceutical raw materials, the intermediate of fine chemical products.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is commonly used as a surfactant and emulsifying agent in various personal care products, such as shampoos, soaps, and bath products.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) helps to create a rich lather and improve the texture and stability of these products.
Additionally, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) has mild cleansing properties and is gentle on the skin, making it suitable for use in products for sensitive skin.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is also used in some pharmaceutical formulations and as a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used for wetting coal dust and as a sulfoethylating agent in organic synthesis.


Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) can also be used as the intermediate of shampoo, paste shampoo & detergent in daily chemical industry.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used in cleaning/washing agents, disinfectants, cosmetics, surface-active agents, shampoos, and bubble baths.



CHARACTERISTICS AND APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a mild and non-irritating surfactant, making it an ideal additive in personal care products.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate)'s utilized in shower gels, facial cleansers, conditioners, and shampoos.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) also has emulsifying properties, making it valuable in the production of creams and lotions, where it helps to stabilize emulsions.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is also used as a preservative in the food industry, and as an anti-corrosive agent in metalworking fluids.
With its excellent properties, Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is versatile and widely used in many industrial applications.



WHAT DOES SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antistatic
*Cleansing
*Hair conditioning
*Skin conditioning



PRODUCTION OF SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is formed by the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium hydrogen sulfite in aqueous solution:
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used to avoid contamination and suppress the formation of by-products (which are difficult to remove) the reaction must be performed under careful control of mass ratios and process conditions.

Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is used excess sulfite (SO32−) or bisulfite (HSO3−) lead to an unpleasant odor of the downstream product, higher levels of ethylene glycol or glycol ethers (formed by the hydrolysis and ethoxylation of ethylene oxide) give hygroscopic and greasy surfactants.

Concentrated ethylene glycol-containing Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) solutions can subsequently mostly be freed from ethylene glycol by continuous extraction with e.g. isopropanol (<0.5%).
Therefore, in the continuous industrial process an aqueous sodium hydrogen sulfite solution is prepared in a first reactor by mixing a sodium hydroxide solution and sulfur dioxide.

In a second reactor the sodium hydrogen sulfite solution is mixed with a slight excess of ethylene oxide to obtain Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) in almost quantitative yields at elevated temperature and pressure with a precise control of pH.
The reaction has to take place under the exclusion of oxygen and under precise control of the stoichiometry of the reactants, the temperature, the pH and the throughput.



PROPERTIES OF SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Solid Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a colorless, free-flowing, non-hygroscopic solid, which dissolves readily in water and has good biodegradability.
Due to the method of synthesis samples often contain traces of sodium sulfite or sodium hydrogen sulfite causing aqueous solution to possesses a mildly alkaline pH of about 10.



MANUFACTURING PROCEDURES OF SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is produced using a two-step process where sulfonic acid reacts with ethylene oxide.
The resultant solution is neutralized, and Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is recovered through a crystallization process.
The manufacturing process is regulated to produce high-quality Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate), which meets the stringent chemical specifications required for application.



APPEARANCE AND MOLECULAR FORMULA OF SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
The appearance of Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is a white crystalline powder.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate)'s molecular formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2SO3Na.



SOLUBILITY AND MELTING POINT OF SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is highly soluble in water, making it widely sought after in many applications.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate)'s melting point is around 220-230℃, presenting excellent handling and storage properties.



DENSITY AND DESCRIPTION OF SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate), being an important scent neutralizer, is popularly used in soap manufacturing.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) functions by preventing unwanted odors in soaps.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) is also utilized as a conditioning agent in hair care products.
Its density is 1.36g/cm3, making Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) an efficient additive in many formulations.



PURIFICATION METHOD OF SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Firstly, fresh sodium bisulfite with qualified analysis is added to the preparation kettle, and 35wt% aqueous solution is prepared with distilled water under room temperature and normal pressure conditions.
The prepared sodium bisulfite solution 2857Kg (concentration 35wt%) is sent to the ethoxylation reactor.

After nitrogen replacement and heating operation, ethylene oxide is added at 90 ℃ to start the reaction.
The temperature is controlled at 90~100 ℃ and the pressure is 0~0.1MPag (gauge pressure).
After 500Kg of ethylene oxide is added, it is cured at 90~100 ℃ for 30 minutes and discharged.

The crude product (concentration 40 ~ 45wt%) synthesized in the previous step is sent to a double-effect continuous evaporation heavy crystallizer, and the method of downstream operation, continuous feeding, and intermittent discharging is used, that is, the dilute solution is advanced to a one-effect evaporator.

After preliminary concentration, the concentration reaches 55 ~ 60wt%, the concentrated liquid enters a two-effect evaporator, and is further concentrated and evaporated to 72 ~ 75wt%, and then the concentrated liquid enters the continuous crystallization machine, after crystallization at a constant speed of cooling to 20~40 ℃, the crystal slurry enters the centrifuge for centrifugal separation, the solid enters the next process, and the mother liquor returns to the two-effect evaporator to continue to participate in evaporation concentration.

When the ethylene glycol content in the product reaches below 0.1% wt, it is regarded as qualified.
Through analysis and testing, the purity of the product is greater than 99.5wt%.
A small amount of non-crystallizable residual liquid is extracted with 3 times the solvent.

The extractant used is anhydrous ethanol.
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate (sodium isethionate) products are precipitated in anhydrous ethanol.
A small amount of water and organic impurities, such as ethylene glycol, Polyethylene glycol and hydroxyethyl sulfonate will enter the liquid phase ethanol, and then enter the centrifuge for centrifugal separation.

Finally, the crystals will be dried at 120°C in a disc dryer, remove a small amount of residual solvent impurities and moisture from the product.
The used extractant ethanol is recycled and reused.
Extractant ethanol can be distilled and recovered.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
Molecular Weight: 148.12
Molecular Weight: 148.12
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 147.98062409
Monoisotopic Mass: 147.98062409
Topological Polar Surface Area: 85.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 122

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C2H5NaO4S = 148.11
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Store Under Inert Gas: Store under inert gas

Condition to Avoid: Hygroscopic
CAS RN: 1562-00-1
Reaxys Registry Number: 3633992
PubChem Substance ID: 87570669
Melting point: 191-194 °C(lit.)
Density: 1762.7[at 20℃]
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form:Fine Powder
color: White
PH: 7.0-11.0 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
BRN: 3633992
Stability: Stable.
Hygroscopic.

LogP: -4.6 at 20℃
Density: 1762.7[at 20℃]
Melting Point: 191-194°C(lit.)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Solubility: H2O: 0.1g/mL, clear, colorless
Appearance: White crystal
Color: White
Appearance (20°C): Appearance: Crystal-Powder
Color: Off-white
Odor: Odorless
pH: Not available
Melting Point: 194°C
Boiling Point/Boiling Range: Not available
Flash Point: Not available
Explosive Properties: Lower explosive limit not available;
upper explosive limit not available

Density: Not available
Solubility:
Water: Soluble
Other Solvents: Not available
CAS: 1562-00-1
EINECS: 216-343-6
InChI: InChI=1/C2H6O4S/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6/h3H,1-2H2,(H,4,5,6)/p-1
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Molar Mass: 148.11 g/mol
Melting Point: 191-194°C (literature value)
Water Solubility: Soluble, 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Appearance: White crystal

BRN: 3633992
pH: 7.0-11.0 (20g/L, H2O, 20°C)
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C
Stability: Stable.
Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Sensitive: Easily absorbs moisture
MDL: MFCD00007534
Density: 1.625 g/cm3
Exact Mass: 147.980621 g/mol
PSA (Polar Surface Area): 85.81000
Stability: Stable.
Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
-Skin Contact:
Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Wash gently with plenty of soap and water.
-If skin irritation or rash occurs:
Get medical advice/attention.
-Eye Contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses if convenient and easy to do.
Continue to wash.
-In case of eye irritation:
Get medical advice/attention.
-Ingestion:
Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
-Environmental Measures:
Prevent from entering sewers.
-Methods and materials for control and cleaning:
Be careful not to scatter.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
-Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Dry chemical, foam, water spray, carbon dioxide
-Specific method:
Non-related personnel should be evacuated to a safe place.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
-Engineering control:
Install showers and eyewash stations .
-Personal protective equipment:
*Respiratory protection:
Follow local and government regulations.
*Hand protection:
Protective gloves.
*Eye Protection:
Safety goggles.
Wear a mask if the situation requires it.
*Skin and Body Protection:
Protective clothing.
Wear protective boots if situation requires.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
-Handling:
*Technical measures:
Handle in a well-ventilated area.
Wear suitable protective equipment.
Wash hands.
-Storage
Storage Conditions:
Keep container tightly closed.
Store in a cool, dark place.
Store under an inert gas atmosphere.
Moisture-proof.
-Packaging materials:
In accordance with the law.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHYL SULFONATE (SODIUM ISETHIONATE):
-Chemical stability:
Generally stable.
-Possibility of Hazardous Reactions:
No specific reactivity reported.


SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL)
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is slightly yellow powder.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is a mild oxidant.


CAS number: 127-68-4
EC number: 204-857-3
Chemical formula: 3-(NO₂)C₆H₄SO₃Na
Molecular formula: C6H4NNaO5S



SYNONYMS:
sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate, sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, nitrol s, tiskan czech, ludigol, ludigol f,60, benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt, unii-1f11sxj4c6, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt, META NITRO BENZENE SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, M-NITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID, NA SALT, M-NITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, NITROBENZENESULFONIC(M-) ACID, SODIUM SALT, RESIST SALT, SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULFONATE, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate, SODIUM M-NITROBENZENESULFONATE, Benzenesulfonicacid,3-nitro-,sodiumsalt, ludigol, ludigolf,60, LudigolS, m-nitrobenzenesulfonic, m-Nitrobenzenesulfonicacid,s, m-nitro-benzenesulfonicacisodiumsalt, nitrobenzen-m-sulfonansodny, nitrobenzen-m-sulfonansodny(czech), nitrols, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonate, sodium salt, m-nitrobenzene sulphonate, SodiuM-M-nitrobenzene sulfonate, Stannic sulfate, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, SMNBS, tiskan, Ludigo, P35522BE, P35522LS, resist S, RESERVOL-P, RESIST SALT, SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULFONATE, 3-NITROBENZENESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, ludigol, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonate, 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate, tiskan, SODIUM M-NITROBENZENESULFONATE, SMNBS, Ludigo, Benzenesulfonic acid,3-nitro-,sodium salt (1:1), Benzenesulfonic acid,m-nitro-,sodium salt, Benzenesulfonic acid,3-nitro-,sodium salt, Nitrol S, Nacan, Sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, Ludigol, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, Sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, Sodium 3-nitrophenylsulfonate, Register liquid, Resist S, Fangranyan S, Resist salt L, 55945-59-0, Benzenesulfonicacid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt (9CI), Benzenesulfonic acid, m-nitro-, sodium salt(8CI), 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, Ludigol, Nacan, Nitrol S, Sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, m-Nitrobenzenesulfonicacid sodium salt, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonicacidsodiumsalt, benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt (1:1), Natrium-3-nitrobenzolsulfonat, Sodium 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonate,
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt (1:1), 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt, Benzenesulfonic acid, m-nitro-, sodium salt, Ludigol, Ludigol F,60, Nacan, Nitrol S, Sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 127-68-4, SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULFONATE, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate, Sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate, Nitrol S, Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt, Tiskan, 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, Benzenesulfonic acid, m-nitro-, sodium salt, MFCD00007490, 1F11SXJ4C6, DTXSID2027048, m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, Nitrobenzen-m-sulfonan sodny, Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt (1:1), sodium m-nitrobenzene sulfonate, Tiskan [Czech], Ludigol F,60, Benzenesulfonic acid, m-nitro-, sodium salt (8CI), 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, NSC-9795, HSDB 5614, NSC 9795, EINECS 204-857-3, Nitrobenzen-m-sulfonan sodny [Czech], UNII-1F11SXJ4C6, sodium 3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonate, m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, EC 204-857-3, sodium 3-nitrophenylsulfonate, Sodium3-nitrobenzenesulphonate, sodium m-nitrobezene sulfonate, sodium;3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, SCHEMBL340713, sodium m-nitrobenzenesulphonate, DTXCID107048, sodium 3-nitro-benzenesulfonate, sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate, sodium m-nitrobenzene-sulphonate, CHEMBL3188704, sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulphonate, sodium 3-nitro-benzene sulfonate, 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate sodium salt, Tox21_200902, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 98%, 3-nitrobenzensulfonic acid sodium salt, AKOS015900868, 3-nitro-phenylsulfonic acid sodium salt, 3-nitro benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, 3-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, 3-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt, m-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt, NCGC00258456-01, 3-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt, AC-11596, AS-12915, CAS-127-68-4, DB-041868, N0141, NS00078117, SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULFONATE [HSDB], EN300-142340, W-108378, Q27252345, F1113-0115



Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is a mild oxidant.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) can protect the shade when fabrics are printed or steamed in pad dyeing and counteract the effect of reducing substances.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is a chemical compound with a purity of 98%.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is slightly yellow powder.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is a non flammable.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is commonly used as a reagent in organic synthesis, particularly in the preparation of sulfonamides and sulfonylureas.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.


Other release to the environment of Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines), vehicles and electrical batteries and accumulators.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the following products: textile treatment products and dyes.
This substance is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur.
Other release to the environment of Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is likely to occur from: indoor use.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, leather treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, textile treatment products and dyes and welding & soldering products.
Release to the environment of Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, non-metal-surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, laboratory chemicals, welding & soldering products and leather treatment products.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur, fabricated metal products, chemicals and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.


Release to the environment of Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the synthesis of quinoline.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is also used in Stabilizer for dyeing of fibers; assistant in discharge printing; oxidizing agent in demetalizers and industrial cleaners.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is also used as an developing agent for electroplating and auxiliary for dying fabrics.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is a reagent in the synthesis of azetidinyl ketolides for treatment of susceptible and multidrug resistant community-acquired respiratory tract infections.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the synthesis of quinoline.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is also used in Stabilizer for dyeing of fibers; assistant in discharge printing; oxidizing agent in demetalizers and industrial cleaners.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is also used as an developing agent for electroplating and auxiliary for dying fabrics.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the synthesis of quinoline.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is also used in Stabilizer for dyeing of fibers; assistant in discharge printing; oxidizing agent in demetalizers and industrial cleaners.


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is also used as an developing agent for electroplating and auxiliary for dying fabrics.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used as antireduction agent.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in chemical, electrical/electronics, photographic, and textile processing industries (coloring, electroplating, fixing, oxidizing, and surface-active agent)



SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is soluble in water 200 g/L (20C).



NOTES OF SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is hygroscopic. Store in inert gas
Store Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) away from strong oxidizing agents.
Keep container tightly closed.
Store Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) in cool, dry conditions in well sealed containers.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
Molecular Weight: 225.15
Exact Mass: 224.970779
EC Number: 204-857-3
UNII: 1F11SXJ4C6
DSSTox ID: DTXSID2027048
HScode: 29049085
PSA: 111
XLogP3: -2.61 (LogP)
Appearance: Light yellow Crystalline Powder
Density: 0.45 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Melting Point: 52.3 °C
Boiling Point: 217.5 °C
Flash Point: 100 °C
Water Solubility: water: soluble 50mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy,
faintly yellow to yellow

Storage Conditions: Store below +30°C
Compound Formula: C6H4NNaO5S
Molecular Weight: 225.15
Appearance: Off-white to yellow powder
Melting Point: 350 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
pH: 6-10 (1% aq. soln)
Exact Mass: 224.970788
Monoisotopic Mass: 224.970788
Molecular Weight: 225.16 g/mol

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 224.97078768 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 224.97078768 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 111Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 274
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Beilstein Number: 3639982
MDL: MFCD00007490
Molecular Weight: 225.15564928
Formula: C6H4NNaO5S
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 52.30 °C @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 217.50 °C @ 760.00 mm Hg
Soluble in: Water, 2.77E+05 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
CAS: 127-68-4
Molecular Formula: C6H4NNaO5S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 225.15
MDL Number: MFCD00007490

InChI Key: LJRGBERXYNQPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
PubChem CID: 31389
IUPAC Name: Sodium;3-nitrobenzenesulfonate
SMILES: C1=CC(=CC(=C1)S(=O)(=O)[O-])N+[O-].[Na+]
Density: 0.45 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Flash point: 100 °C
Ignition temperature: 355 °C
Melting Point: 350 °C (decomposition)
pH value: 8 (50 g/l, H₂O, 23 °C)
Bulk density: 450 kg/m³
Solubility: 200 g/l
CBNumber: CB4193939
Molecular Formula: C6H4NNaO5S

Molecular Weight: 225.15
MDL Number: MFCD00007490
MOL File: 127-68-4.mol
Melting point: 350 °C
Boiling point: 217.5°C
Density: 0.45 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 10.3Pa at 25℃
Flash point: 100 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C
Solubility: Water: soluble 50mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy,
faintly yellow to yellow
Form: Crystalline Powder

pKa: 0 [at 20 ℃]
Color: Light yellow
pH: 8 (50g/l, H2O, 23℃)
Water Solubility: 200 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 3639982
Stability: Stable.
Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: LJRGBERXYNQPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -2.61 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 127-68-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 2-3
FDA UNII: 1F11SXJ4C6
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonate (127-68-4)



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULPHONATE (LUDIGOL)

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is commonly used as a reducing agent in the electroless nickel plating process.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a crucial role in controlling the deposition of nickel onto the desired surfaces.
The reduction of nickel ions to metallic nickel is facilitated by Ludigol, which helps create a uniform and adherent nickel coating.

CAS Number: 127-68-4
EC Number: 204-857-8



APPLICATIONS


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is widely utilized as a key component in the electroless nickel plating process.
In electroplating, Ludigol acts as a reducing agent, facilitating the deposition of a uniform and adherent nickel coating.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is crucial in enhancing the corrosion resistance of metal substrates through electroless nickel plating.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds application in the production of high-quality and durable metal finishes for various industrial components.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is commonly used in the electronics industry for plating connectors, contacts, and other critical components.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the development of advanced coatings, improving the functional and decorative properties of surfaces.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the aerospace industry to enhance the durability and performance of metal parts.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a role in the automotive sector, contributing to the corrosion resistance of metal components in vehicles.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized in the manufacturing of precision instruments, ensuring a reliable and long-lasting surface finish.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is an essential component in processes aimed at improving wear resistance and hardness of metal surfaces.
In the medical device industry, Ludigol may be used for coating components to enhance biocompatibility and durability.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s application extends to the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for industrial machinery and equipment.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the plating of molds and dies used in various manufacturing processes.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the development of coatings for tools and equipment, improving their longevity and performance.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds utility in the plating of consumer goods, such as jewelry, providing a durable and attractive finish.

In the telecommunications industry, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) may be used for plating components to improve conductivity and reliability.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is crucial in the production of printed circuit boards (PCBs), ensuring the integrity of electrical connections.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the manufacturing of sensors and detectors, enhancing their performance and longevity.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s use in the electroplating industry aligns with the pursuit of environmentally friendly surface finishing technologies.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to research and development efforts aimed at advancing coating technologies and materials science.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s role in improving the properties of metal surfaces supports the development of sustainable manufacturing practices.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for components used in chemical processing plants.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s applications in various industries highlight its versatility and importance in surface engineering.
In the field of metallurgy, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is recognized for its role in achieving precise and controlled metal plating.
Ongoing research may uncover new applications for Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol), further expanding its utility in diverse industrial sectors.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized in the aerospace industry for coating components, contributing to the overall durability and performance of aircraft parts.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the production of mirrors, ensuring a reflective and corrosion-resistant surface.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a role in the fabrication of solar panels, contributing to the enhancement of their longevity and efficiency.
In the field of optics, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) may be used for coating lenses to improve scratch resistance and optical clarity.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is essential in the manufacturing of semiconductors, providing a reliable coating for various electronic components.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the plating of industrial valves, pipes, and fittings, offering protection against corrosive environments.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the production of anti-reflective coatings on glass surfaces, such as those used in camera lenses and eyeglasses.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds application in the restoration and preservation of historical artifacts, protecting metal objects from corrosion.
In the marine industry, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized for coating components exposed to saltwater, preventing corrosion and extending the lifespan of marine equipment.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is crucial in the automotive sector for coating critical components, including engine parts and exhaust systems, to resist corrosion.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the production of electrical connectors, ensuring reliable conductivity and longevity.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the plating of electronic enclosures, providing a protective layer against environmental factors.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for chemical processing equipment.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) may find application in the medical field for coating surgical instruments, improving their resistance to corrosion and wear.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized in the fabrication of sensors and transducers, enhancing their performance in various applications.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the production of components for renewable energy systems, such as wind turbines and hydroelectric generators.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a role in the plating of precision components in the manufacturing of watches and timekeeping devices.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for agricultural equipment, protecting machinery from harsh environmental conditions.

In the construction industry, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) may be utilized for coating metal structures to resist corrosion and ensure structural integrity.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the plating of electrical contacts in relays, switches, and other electronic devices.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the development of coatings for military applications, enhancing the durability and performance of equipment in challenging environments.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized in the production of fuel cells, contributing to the efficiency and longevity of these alternative energy devices.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) may find application in the plating of jewelry components, providing a durable and attractive finish.
In the semiconductor industry, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the fabrication of integrated circuits to enhance the reliability of electronic devices.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s applications continue to evolve as research explores new ways to leverage its properties in emerging technologies and industries.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is integral to the aerospace industry, where it is used in the coating of aircraft components to enhance resistance to corrosion and wear.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a vital role in the production of precision tools, contributing to their durability and performance.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the manufacturing of electrical connectors for electronic devices, ensuring reliable conductivity over time.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds application in the plating of medical implants, contributing to their biocompatibility and resistance to corrosion within the human body.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized in the fabrication of reflective coatings for telescopes and other optical instruments, enhancing their functionality.

In the renewable energy sector, Ludigol may be used in the production of components for solar energy systems to improve longevity.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the automotive industry by providing corrosion protection for critical components such as brake parts and chassis.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the plating of consumer electronics, contributing to the aesthetic appeal and durability of devices.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for oil and gas pipelines, ensuring longevity and safety.

In the food and beverage industry, Ludigol may find application in coating equipment to prevent corrosion and maintain hygiene standards.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is crucial in the fabrication of magnetic recording media, contributing to the production of reliable data storage devices.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the plating of components for electronic sensors, enhancing their sensitivity and functionality.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the development of coatings for industrial pumps and valves, protecting them from corrosive fluids.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds application in the production of anti-fog coatings for eyewear and optical devices, improving visibility.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the coating of fasteners and hardware, providing corrosion resistance in construction and infrastructure projects.
In the textile industry, Ludigol may be employed in dyeing processes to enhance the colorfastness of fabrics.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for laboratory equipment, ensuring the reliability of experimental results.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the plating of components for electronic instruments used in scientific research and analysis.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds application in the restoration of artworks, providing a protective coating for metal sculptures and artifacts.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the fabrication of components for telecommunications infrastructure, ensuring long-term reliability.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the plating of connectors and terminals in electronic devices, contributing to efficient and reliable electrical connections.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a role in the coating of architectural elements, protecting metal structures in buildings from environmental exposure.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for industrial fans and HVAC systems.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the manufacturing of catalytic converters, providing corrosion resistance for automotive exhaust systems.
In the semiconductor industry, Ludigol is used in the production of microelectronic devices to enhance the performance and reliability of integrated circuits.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the coating of electronic printed circuit boards (PCBs), ensuring the reliability and functionality of electronic devices.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a key role in the plating of electrical contacts in switches, relays, and other electronic components.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is utilized in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for industrial machinery, extending equipment lifespan.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the manufacturing of sensors and detectors, enhancing their sensitivity and performance in various applications.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds application in the plating of precision components for medical devices, ensuring biocompatibility and durability.
In the aerospace industry, Ludigol is used in the coating of satellite components, providing protection in space environments.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for heat exchangers in industrial processes.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the plating of automotive parts, such as fuel system components, to enhance corrosion resistance.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the fabrication of corrosion-resistant coatings for metal components in chemical processing plants.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is crucial in the manufacturing of catalytic converters for vehicles, ensuring durability in harsh exhaust conditions.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds application in the plating of connectors and terminals for electronic devices in the telecommunications industry.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the coating of precision instruments like measuring devices, improving their longevity and accuracy.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for tools and equipment used in various industries.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the plating of jewelry components, providing an attractive and protective finish.

In the oil and gas industry, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) may be utilized for coating equipment to prevent corrosion in offshore and onshore environments.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a role in the plating of components for medical imaging devices, ensuring their longevity and reliability.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the fabrication of corrosion-resistant coatings for components used in water treatment plants.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the coating of components in military and defense applications, providing protection in challenging environments.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the plating of components for electronic sensors and transducers, enhancing their performance.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) finds application in the restoration and preservation of historical artifacts, protecting metal objects from deterioration.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the production of corrosion-resistant coatings for agricultural equipment, ensuring longevity in farming operations.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) contributes to the plating of components for wind turbines, enhancing their resistance to environmental factors.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is used in the fabrication of corrosion-resistant coatings for industrial pumps and valves, ensuring reliable operation.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a role in the plating of components for electronic instruments used in scientific research and analysis.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in the coating of architectural elements, protecting metal structures in buildings from corrosion and wear.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is commonly used as a reducing agent in the electroless nickel plating process.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a crucial role in controlling the deposition of nickel onto the desired surfaces.
The reduction of nickel ions to metallic nickel is facilitated by Ludigol, which helps create a uniform and adherent nickel coating.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, commonly known as Ludigol, is a chemical compound used in various industrial applications.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is a sodium salt derived from 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) plays a crucial role as a reducing agent in the electroless nickel plating process.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is instrumental in controlling the deposition of nickel, ensuring a uniform and adherent coating.

Its chemical formula is C6H4NNaO5S, representing the arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sodium, oxygen, and sulfur atoms.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is recognized by its CAS Registry Number 127-68-4 and EC Number 204-857-8.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is soluble in water, making it suitable for aqueous applications in various industries.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is often employed in electroplating processes to enhance the properties of metal surfaces.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is known for its role in improving the corrosion resistance of metal substrates through electroless nickel plating.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) facilitates the reduction of nickel ions to metallic nickel, leading to the formation of a durable and protective coating.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is employed in both decorative and functional coatings, providing versatility in industrial applications.
The use of Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) in electroplating contributes to the development of high-quality and durable metal finishes.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) has been utilized in research and development to explore its potential in advanced coating technologies.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s effectiveness in controlling the plating process makes it a valuable tool in the manufacturing of electronic components.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s molecular structure involves aromatic rings and functional groups, contributing to its unique properties.
As a sodium salt, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) exhibits ionic characteristics, influencing its solubility and reactivity.

In addition to electroplating, Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) may find applications in other chemical processes due to its reduction capabilities.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) may undergo various chemical reactions, influencing its behavior in different environments.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol) is handled with care in industrial settings, adhering to safety protocols due to its chemical nature.
Its role in electroless nickel plating has contributed to advancements in metallurgy and surface engineering.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s use in industrial processes aligns with the ongoing pursuit of efficient and environmentally friendly technologies.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s presence in research literature reflects its importance in the scientific and engineering communities.

Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s chemical properties are scrutinized for their impact on the overall performance of electroplating systems.
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate (Ludigol)'s stability under specific conditions contributes to its reliability in industrial applications.
Ongoing research may unveil additional uses and improvements related to Ludigol, expanding its significance in materials science and engineering.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C6H4NNaO5S
Molecular Weight: Approximately 225.15 g/mol
Physical Form: Typically appears as a solid, often in powder or crystalline form.
Color: The compound may have a characteristic color, which can vary.
Solubility: Ludigol is generally soluble in water, which contributes to its utility in aqueous applications.
Stability: The stability of Ludigol under specific conditions is an important consideration for its various applications.
Exact Mass: 224.97078768 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 224.97078768 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 11Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.05.07)
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 274
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention immediately.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or other adverse reactions occur.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring eyelids are held open.
Seek immediate medical attention, and provide the eye doctor with information about the substance.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
Provide the medical personnel with information about the substance ingested.


First Aid for Fire or Explosion:

Evacuate the area, and contact emergency services.
Use appropriate fire extinguishing agents suitable for the surrounding fire.
Wear protective equipment to prevent exposure.


First Aid for Accidental Release:

Evacuate the affected area, and restrict access.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) as specified in the safety data sheet.
Ventilate the area and contain the spill, following proper procedures.


Notes to Medical Personnel:

Provide medical personnel with information on the chemical, including its composition and properties.
Emphasize the importance of obtaining professional medical care for any exposure or ingestion.


Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Wear appropriate protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection as recommended in the safety data sheet.
Use respiratory protection if handling Ludigol in an area with inadequate ventilation.


Advice to Doctor:

Treat symptomatically and supportively.
Administer treatment based on the individual reactions and symptoms observed.


General Handling Precautions:

Follow all safety guidelines, including those outlined in the safety data sheet.
Use Ludigol in well-ventilated areas.
Avoid direct skin and eye contact.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Conditions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate protective clothing, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing, as specified in the safety data sheet.

Ventilation:
Use Ludigol in a well-ventilated area or under an appropriate fume hood to minimize inhalation exposure.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of Ludigol dust or vapors.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling Ludigol.

Prevention of Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Ludigol.
Avoid ingestion and minimize the risk of accidental ingestion by using proper hygiene practices.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Ludigol away from incompatible materials as specified in the safety data sheet.
Keep away from strong acids, bases, and incompatible substances.

Control Measures:
Implement control measures to minimize exposure, including engineering controls and safe work practices.
Use containment measures to prevent spills and leaks.

Handling Procedures:
Follow all recommended handling procedures outlined in the safety data sheet.
Use Ludigol only for its intended purpose and according to established procedures.

Emergency Procedures:
Be familiar with emergency procedures in case of spills, leaks, or exposure incidents.
Have appropriate emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations and safety showers, available.


Storage Conditions:

Storage Temperature:
Store Ludigol in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Follow temperature recommendations specified in the safety data sheet.

Storage Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials for Ludigol storage.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent contamination and evaporation.

Segregation:
Segregate Ludigol from incompatible materials as specified in the safety data sheet.
Store away from sources of ignition and heat.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the appropriate hazard information.
Follow labeling requirements as per regulatory guidelines.

Ventilation during Storage:
Ensure adequate ventilation in storage areas to prevent the buildup of vapors.
Consider the use of local exhaust ventilation or mechanical ventilation systems.

Fire Prevention:
Store Ludigol away from flammable materials.
Implement fire prevention measures in accordance with local regulations.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to Ludigol storage areas.

Regular Inspection:
Regularly inspect storage areas for signs of damage, leaks, or other issues.
Address any deficiencies promptly.



SYNONYMS


3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate monohydrate
Ludigol monohydrate
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, monohydrate
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt monohydrate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate hydrate
Ludigol sodium salt
Sodium nitrobenzenesulfonate
3-Nitrobenzenesulphonic acid sodium salt
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid
Ludigol sodium
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonate of sodium
Sodium 3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonate
NaLudigol
Nitrobenzene-3-sulfonic acid sodium salt
Ludigol hydrate
Sodium nitrobenzenesulphonate
Sodium nitrobenzene sulfonate monohydrate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate 1-hydrate
Ludigol sodium monohydrate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate hydrate
Ludigol sodium salt hydrate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate monohydrate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate mono
Ludigol sodium monohydrate
Sodium nitrobenzenesulfonate hydrate
Ludigol sodium sulfate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate monohydrate
Ludigol sodium sulfate hydrate
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate monohydrate salt
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium hydrate
127-68-4
SODIUM 3-NITROBENZENESULFONATE
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulphonate
Sodium m-nitrobenzenesulfonate
Nitrol S
Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt
Tiskan
3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt
m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt
Benzenesulfonic acid, m-nitro-, sodium salt
1F11SXJ4C6
DTXSID2027048
m-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
Nitrobenzen-m-sulfonan sodny
sodium m-nitrobenzene sulfonate
Tiskan [Czech]
Ludigol F,60
Benzenesulfonic acid, 3-nitro-, sodium salt (1:1)
Benzenesulfonic acid, m-nitro-, sodium salt (8CI); 3-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
NSC-9795
HSDB 5614
NSC 9795
EINECS 204-857-3
MFCD00007490
Nitrobenzen-m-sulfonan sodny [Czech]
UNII-1F11SXJ4C6
sodium 3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonate
m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt
EC 204-857-3
sodium 3-nitrophenylsulfonate
Sodium3-nitrobenzenesulphonate
sodium m-nitrobezene sulfonate
sodium;3-nitrobenzenesulfonate
SCHEMBL340713
sodium m-nitrobenzenesulphonate
DTXCID107048
sodium 3-nitro-benzenesulfonate
sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulfonate
sodium m-nitrobenzene-sulphonate
CHEMBL3188704
sodium 3-nitrobenzene sulphonate
sodium 3-nitro-benzene sulfonate
LJRGBERXYNQPJI-UHFFFAOYSA-M
3-nitrobenzene sulfonate sodium salt
Tox21_200902
Sodium 3-nitrobenzenesulfonate, 98%
3-nitrobenzensulfonic acid sodium salt
AKOS015900868
3-nitro-phenylsulfonic acid sodium salt
3-nitro benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
3-nitro-benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
3-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid sodium salt
m-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt
NCGC00258456-01
3-nitrobenzene sulphonic acid sodium salt
SODIUM ACETATE

Sodium acetate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3COONa.
Sodium acetate is the sodium salt of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and is commonly known as sodium ethanoate.
Sodium acetate is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder with a slight acetic acid odor.

CAS Number: 127-09-3
EC Number: 204-823-8



APPLICATIONS


Sodium acetate is commonly used in the food industry as a food additive to enhance flavor, act as a preservative, and regulate pH levels in various products.
In chemistry and biochemistry laboratories, sodium acetate serves as a buffering agent to maintain a stable pH in solutions during experiments and analyses.

The pharmaceutical industry utilizes sodium acetate in certain medical formulations and intravenous solutions for therapeutic purposes.
Sodium acetate is a key ingredient in "hot packs" or "hot pads" used to generate heat when crystallization occurs upon activation, providing a portable heat source for various applications.
Textile manufacturers use sodium acetate for dyeing and printing processes to achieve vibrant and uniform colors on fabrics.

The leather tanning industry employs sodium acetate in the tanning process to prepare and preserve leather materials.
In laboratory settings, sodium acetate is utilized as a reagent in chemical reactions and synthesis processes.
The concrete industry adds sodium acetate to concrete mixes to accelerate setting time and improve the strength of concrete structures.

In some regions, sodium acetate is used as an eco-friendly alternative deicing agent to melt ice and snow on roads and walkways.
Historically, sodium acetate has been used in the photographic industry for toning prints to produce sepia-like effects.
Sodium acetate is a component in certain electroplating baths, where it aids in the deposition of metal coatings on various surfaces.

Veterinary medicine incorporates sodium acetate into certain medications and formulations for the treatment of animals.
Sodium acetate is a valuable component in the production of certain textile dyeing processes, yielding colorfast and durable fabrics.
In some industrial processes, sodium acetate is utilized for pH adjustment and control, ensuring optimal conditions for chemical reactions.

The fire safety industry has explored using sodium acetate in firefighting agents and equipment to suppress and extinguish fires.
Sodium acetate is used in the oil and gas industry for drilling and extraction purposes, particularly in certain reservoir engineering techniques.
Certain electrolyte formulations used in batteries and other electrochemical applications contain sodium acetate as a key ingredient.

For rust removal on metal surfaces, sodium acetate can be used in solutions to dissolve and loosen rust deposits.
In metal cleaning processes, sodium acetate serves as an effective cleaning agent to remove contaminants from metal surfaces.
Sodium acetate can be employed in agricultural practices as a seed coating agent to promote germination and early plant growth.

The textile finishing industry uses sodium acetate to improve the texture and feel of fabrics during the finishing process.
Sodium acetate is added to certain printing inks to enhance printability and achieve desired ink properties for specific applications.
In some chemical reactions, sodium acetate acts as a catalyst, facilitating the reaction and increasing reaction rates.

The fire retardant properties of sodium acetate have led to its use in certain flame retardant products and applications.
Sodium acetate is found in cleaning solutions used for household and industrial cleaning tasks, providing effective stain and dirt removal.
In the manufacturing of adhesives and glues, sodium acetate is used as a component to improve bonding properties.

Sodium acetate is an ingredient in certain ceramic glazes, contributing to the finish and appearance of ceramic products.
Sodium acetate is utilized in certain metal plating processes to enhance the adhesion and quality of plated metal layers.
Sodium acetate is added to certain hair care products, such as shampoos and conditioners, to improve texture and manageability.
In the pulp and paper industry, sodium acetate is used to adjust the pH level during paper processing and bleaching.

Sodium acetate finds applications in water treatment processes as a pH stabilizer and buffering agent.
Sodium acetate is used in the formulation of some laundry detergents to enhance cleaning efficiency.

In the production of adhesives for textiles and fabrics, sodium acetate contributes to strong and durable bonds.
Sodium acetate is employed as a reagent in the chemical synthesis of various organic compounds.
Sodium acetate is utilized in the manufacturing of some cosmetics and personal care products to improve product stability.
In the automotive industry, sodium acetate is used in certain antifreeze and coolant formulations.

Sodium acetate can be employed in some construction materials to enhance performance and durability.
Sodium acetate serves as a pH adjuster in some dental care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash.
Sodium acetate is utilized in the production of certain types of soap and detergent bars.

In the textile industry, sodium acetate is used in certain dye-fixing agents to improve color retention in fabrics.
Sodium acetate is added to certain pet care products to improve grooming and fur conditioning.
Sodium acetate is used in the manufacture of some heat-resistant materials and coatings.
Sodium acetate is employed in the formulation of some metal cleaning and polishing products.

In the construction industry, sodium acetate is used in certain cement mixtures to modify properties and performance.
Sodium acetate can be found in certain adhesive removers to aid in the removal of adhesive residues.
Sodium acetate is utilized in the formulation of some dietary supplements and health products.
Sodium acetate is added to certain industrial lubricants to enhance performance and stability.
Sodium acetate is used in some coolant formulations for electronics and electrical equipment.

Sodium acetate is found in certain wound dressings and medical bandages for wound care purposes.
Sodium acetate is used in some water-based paints and coatings to improve adhesion and durability.


Sodium acetate, also known as sodium ethanoate, is a versatile chemical compound with various applications across different industries.
Some of its notable applications include:

Food Industry:
Sodium acetate is used as a food additive in the food industry, where it serves as a preservative, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator.
Sodium acetate can be found in snacks, sauces, dressings, and various processed foods.

Buffer Solution:
In chemistry and biochemistry laboratories, sodium acetate is used as a buffering agent to maintain a stable pH in solutions during experiments and analyses.

Pharmaceutical Industry:
Sodium acetate is utilized in certain medical formulations and intravenous solutions.

Heat Packs:
Sodium acetate is a key ingredient in "hot packs" or "hot pads" used for generating heat when crystallization occurs upon activation.

Textile Industry:
Sodium acetate is used in the textile industry for dyeing and printing processes.

Tanning Industry:
Sodium acetate is employed in the leather tanning process.

Laboratory Reagent:
Sodium acetate serves as a reagent in various chemical reactions and synthesis processes in research and analytical laboratories.

Concrete Additive:
Sodium acetate is sometimes added to concrete mixes to accelerate setting time and improve strength.

Deicing Agent:
In some regions, sodium acetate is used as an alternative deicing agent to melt ice and snow on roads.

Photography:
Sodium acetate has been historically used in the photographic industry for toning prints.

Electroplating:
Sodium acetate is used in certain electroplating baths for metal deposition.

Veterinary Medicine:
Sodium acetate is used in certain veterinary medications and formulations.

Textile Dyeing:
Sodium acetate is utilized in the dyeing process of certain textiles.

pH Adjustment:
Sodium acetate is employed to adjust and control the pH level in various chemical and industrial processes.

Flame Retardant:
In some applications, sodium acetate can be used as a flame retardant for certain materials.

Oil and Gas Industry:
Sodium acetate finds use in oil and gas drilling and extraction processes.

Firefighting:
Sodium acetate has been used in certain firefighting agents and equipment.

pH Calibration:
In laboratory settings, sodium acetate is used for calibrating pH meters and electrodes.

Electrolytes:
Sodium acetate is used in some electrolyte formulations for electrochemical applications.

Rust Removal:
Sodium acetate can be used in rust removal solutions for certain metal surfaces.

Metal Cleaning:
Sodium acetate is utilized in certain metal cleaning solutions and processes.

Seed Coating:
In agriculture, sodium acetate can be used as a seed coating agent to enhance germination.

Textile Finishing:
Sodium acetate is used in textile finishing processes to improve the texture of fabrics.

Printing Ink Additive:
Sodium acetate can be added to certain printing inks to improve printability.

Catalyst:
In some chemical reactions, sodium acetate can act as a catalyst to facilitate the reaction.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium acetate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula CH3COONa.
Sodium acetate is the sodium salt of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and is commonly known as sodium ethanoate.
Sodium acetate is a white, hygroscopic, crystalline powder with a slight acetic acid odor.

Sodium acetate is widely used for various purposes due to its versatility and properties.
Some of its notable applications include:

Buffer Solution:
Sodium acetate is used as a buffering agent in chemistry and biochemistry laboratories to maintain a stable pH in solutions.

Food Additive:
Sodium acetate is commonly used as a food preservative, flavoring agent, and pH regulator in the food industry.

Medical Applications:
Sodium acetate is used in certain medical formulations, including intravenous solutions and hemodialysis.

Heat Packs:
Sodium acetate is a key ingredient in "hot packs" or "hot pads," which generate heat when crystallization occurs upon activation.

Concrete Additive:
Sodium acetate is sometimes added to concrete mixes to accelerate setting time and improve strength.


Sodium acetate is a white, crystalline powder with a molecular formula CH3COONa.
Sodium acetate is the sodium salt of acetic acid, also known as sodium ethanoate.

Sodium acetate is highly hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture from the surrounding environment.
Sodium acetate has a slightly vinegary or acetic acid-like odor.

Sodium acetate is a versatile chemical with applications in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and textiles.
Sodium acetate is soluble in water, and its solutions have a mildly alkaline pH.
In the food industry, sodium acetate is used as a preservative, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator.
Sodium acetate is commonly found in certain food products, such as snacks, sauces, and dressings.

Sodium acetate is used as a buffering agent in chemistry and biochemistry laboratories.
Sodium acetate is utilized in certain medical formulations and intravenous solutions.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: CH3COONa
Molecular Weight: 82.03 g/mol
IUPAC Name: Sodium ethanoate
Other Names: Sodium acetate, Acetic acid sodium salt, Sodium ethanoate, E262 (food additive number)
CAS Number: 127-09-3
EC Number: 204-823-8
Appearance: White, hygroscopic, crystalline powder
Odor: Slight acetic acid or vinegar-like odor
Taste: Mildly salty with a slightly sour taste
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
pH (1% solution): Approximately 8.9 - 9.5
Density: 1.528 g/cm³ (at 25°C)
Melting Point: 324 °C (615 °F) (anhydrous), 58 °C (136 °F) (trihydrate)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Hygroscopicity: Highly hygroscopic, readily absorbs moisture from the atmosphere
Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (anhydrous), Orthorhombic (trihydrate)
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Low acute oral toxicity; generally regarded as safe when used as a food additive
Storage: Store in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances and sources of heat or ignition
Handling: Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling sodium acetate.
pH Regulation: Sodium acetate acts as a buffering agent and can help stabilize pH in solutions.
Food Additive: Used as a food preservative, flavor enhancer, and pH regulator in the food industry.
Heat Source: When crystallized from a supersaturated solution, it generates heat, making it useful in heat packs.
Acid-Base Reaction: Sodium acetate reacts with acids to form acetic acid and corresponding salts.
Antibacterial Properties: Exhibits mild antibacterial activity against certain bacteria.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If sodium acetate dust or aerosol is inhaled, move the affected person to an area with fresh air immediately.
If the person experiences difficulty breathing or respiratory distress, seek immediate medical attention or call emergency services.
Provide oxygen support, if available and trained to do so, while waiting for medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with sodium acetate, promptly remove contaminated clothing and accessories.
Wash the affected skin area gently but thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Rinse the skin with water to ensure complete removal of any residual substance.
If skin irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly.


Eye Contact:

If sodium acetate comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the affected eye(s) with clean, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eye open while flushing to ensure thorough rinsing of the eye surface.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, during the rinsing process.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact an ophthalmologist if eye irritation, pain, or vision problems persist.


Ingestion:

If sodium acetate is ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a healthcare professional or poison control center.
Rinse the mouth gently but thoroughly with water if the substance was swallowed accidentally.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to dilute any remaining sodium acetate in the mouth.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for further guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Conditions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Sodium acetate, wear appropriate personal protective equipment, including safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, a lab coat or protective clothing, and closed-toe shoes.
PPE helps minimize skin and eye contact and prevents inhalation of fine particles or dust.

Avoid Inhalation:
To prevent inhalation of fine particles or dust, handle Sodium acetate in a well-ventilated area. Use local exhaust ventilation, if available, to control airborne dust levels.

Prevent Skin Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact with Sodium acetate.
In case of accidental skin contact, wash the affected area with soap and water.

Avoid Eye Contact:
Avoid direct eye contact with Sodium acetate.
If it comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush with clean water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Use in a Controlled Manner:
Handle Sodium acetate in a controlled manner and follow recommended usage levels to ensure the safe and appropriate use of the chemical.

Mixing and Dilution:
When incorporating Sodium acetate into solutions or formulations, follow specific instructions for mixing and dilution to ensure uniform distribution and proper blending.

No Eating, Drinking, or Smoking:
Prohibit eating, drinking, or smoking in areas where Sodium acetate is handled to prevent accidental ingestion or exposure.

Containment:
Use appropriate containers and storage units to prevent spills and leaks.
Practice good hygiene and containment measures to avoid cross-contamination.


Storage Conditions:

Temperature and Humidity:
Store Sodium acetate in a cool, dry place at the recommended temperature and humidity range specified by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to direct sunlight or extreme temperatures.

Keep Containers Sealed:
Ensure that containers of Sodium acetate are tightly closed and properly sealed when not in use to maintain the chemical's quality and prevent moisture absorption.

Separate from Incompatible Substances:
Store Sodium acetate away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, and moisture-sensitive substances.

Segregation:
Store Sodium acetate in designated areas, away from other chemicals or products, to prevent cross-contamination.

Fire Safety:
Avoid storing Sodium acetate near potential sources of ignition or open flames. Follow fire safety guidelines in the storage area.

Emergency Equipment:
Keep emergency response equipment, such as spill kits and eyewash stations, readily available in the storage area.

Labeling and Identification:
Clearly label containers of Sodium acetate with appropriate identification, including the chemical name, concentration, and any safety warnings.

Restricted Access:
Limit access to Sodium acetate storage areas to authorized personnel only.

Chemical Compatibility:
Store Sodium acetate away from incompatible chemicals to avoid potential reactions and hazards.

Chemical Segregation:
Avoid storing Sodium acetate with strong acids, bases, or reactive substances that could lead to unintended reactions or decomposition.

Handling Precautions:
Ensure that containers are well-sealed and not damaged to prevent leaks and spills during storage and handling.

Storage Stability:
Sodium acetate is generally stable when stored properly in suitable conditions.
However, Sodium acetate is essential to verify the shelf life and storage recommendations provided by the manufacturer.



SYNONYMS


Sodium ethanoate
Acetic acid sodium salt
Sodium ethanoic acid
Sodium acetas
E262 (food additive number)
Sodium acetic acid
Acetate of soda
Sodium acetic acid salt
Sodium acetic acid ester
Sodium acetic acid ester of acetic acid
Sodium acetic acid ester of ethanoic acid
Sodium acetic acid ester of acetyl acid
Sodium acetic acid ester of ethylic acid
Sodium acetic acid ester of acetyl ester
Sodium acetic acid ester of acetic acid ethyl ester
Sodium acetic acid ethanoate
Sodium ethanoic acid
Sodium ethanoate salt
Sodium ethanoic acid ester
Sodium ethanoic acid ester of acetic acid
Sodium ethanoic acid ester of ethanoic acid
Sodium ethanoic acid ester of acetyl acid
Sodium ethanoic acid ester of ethylic acid
Sodium ethanoic acid ester of acetyl ester
Sodium ethanoic acid ester of acetic acid ethyl ester
Monosodium acetate
Sodium salt of acetic acid
Acetate sodium
Sodium diacetic acid
Sodium diacetic acid ester
SODIUM ACETATE
DESCRIPTION:
Sodium acetate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid.
Sodium acetate has a wide range of uses.

CAS Number: 127-09-3
EC Number: 204-823-8

Sodium Acetate is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water.
Sodium acetate could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions.
Medically, sodium acetate is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously.

Sodium Acetate is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients.
Sodium Acetate can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization.
Sodium Acetate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of acetic acid.

Sodium acetate anhydrous disassociates in water to form sodium ions (Na+) and acetate ions.
Sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in fluid and electrolyte replacement therapies.
Sodium acetate anhydrous is used as an electrolyte replenisher in isosmotic solution for parenteral replacement of acute losses of extracellular fluid without disturbing normal electrolyte balance.

APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM ACETATE:
Biotechnological:
Sodium acetate is used as the carbon source for culturing bacteria.
Sodium acetate is also useful for increasing yields of DNA isolation by ethanol precipitation.

Industrial:
Sodium acetate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams and also as a photoresist while using aniline dyes.
Sodium acetate is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning and helps to impede vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production.
In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, sodium acetate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity.

Concrete longevity:
Sodium acetate is used to mitigate water damage to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the commonly used epoxy alternative for sealing concrete against water permeation.

Food:
Sodium acetate may be added to food as a seasoning, sometimes in the form of sodium diacetate, a one-to-one complex of sodium acetate and acetic acid, given the E-number E262.
Sodium acetate is often used to give potato chips a salt and vinegar flavour, and may be used as a substitute for vinegar itself on potato chips as it doesn't add moisture to the final product.

Sodium acetate (anhydrous) is widely used as a shelf-life extending agent, pH control agent.
Sodium acetate is safe to eat at low concentration.

Buffer solution:
A solution of sodium acetate (a basic salt of acetic acid) and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH level.
This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH-dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4–6).

Heating pad:

A hand warmer containing a supersaturated solution of sodium acetate which releases heat upon crystallization
Sodium acetate is also used in heating pads, hand warmers, and hot ice.
Sodium acetate trihydrate crystals melt at 58–58.4 °C (136.4–137.1 °F), dissolving in their water of crystallization.
When they are heated past the melting point and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated.

This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature without forming crystals.
By pressing on a metal disc within the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed, causing the solution to crystallize back into solid sodium acetate trihydrate.
The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic.

The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg.

Unlike some types of heat packs, such as those dependent upon irreversible chemical reactions, a sodium acetate heat pack can be easily reused by immersing the pack in boiling water for a few minutes, until the crystals are completely dissolved, and allowing the pack to slowly cool to room temperature.

USES OF SODIUM ACETATE:
Sodium acetate is a frequently used salt.
Sodium acetate is a safe carbon source for bacteria cultures in biotechnology and Sodium acetate is used to increase efficiency in DNA isolation.
Sodium acetate is also used in dyes, chrome coatings and rubber production.

Sodium acetate is used as plum paste to reduce the damage water does to concrete.
This process is both cheaper and environment-friendly.

In food production, Sodium acetate is used as food additive, spice.
Sodium acetate gives vinegar and salt aromas and stabilizes pH.
Sodium acetate is not hazardous to living beings in low concentrations.

Extremely saturated sodium acetate is used in heating pads that are used for climbing.
Sodium acetate radiates warmth by crystallisig as exothermic.
Preparation of Sodium acetate:

A crystal of sodium acetate trihydrate (length 1.7 centimetres)
For laboratory use, sodium acetate is inexpensive and usually purchased instead of being synthesized.

Sodium acetate is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid, commonly in the 5–8% solution known as vinegar, with sodium carbonate ("washing soda"), sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda"), or sodium hydroxide ("lye", or "caustic soda").
Any of these reactions produce sodium acetate and water.

When a sodium and carbonate ion-containing compound is used as the reactant, the carbonate anion from sodium bicarbonate or carbonate, reacts with the hydrogen from the carboxyl group (-COOH) in acetic acid, forming carbonic acid.
Carbonic acid readily decomposes under normal conditions into gaseous carbon dioxide and water.
This is the reaction taking place in the well-known "volcano" that occurs when the household products, baking soda and vinegar, are combined.

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2CO3H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O
Industrially, sodium acetate trihydrate is prepared by reacting acetic acid with sodium hydroxide using water as the solvent.
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O
To manufacture anhydrous sodium acetate industrially, the Niacet Process is used.
Sodium metal ingots are extruded through a die to form a ribbon of sodium metal, usually under an inert gas atmosphere such as N2 then immersed in anhydrous acetic acid.

2 CH3COOH + 2 Na →2 CH3COONa + H2.
The hydrogen gas is normally a valuable byproduct.

STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ACETATE:
The crystal structure of anhydrous sodium acetate has been described as alternating sodium-carboxylate and methyl group layers.
Sodium acetate trihydrate's structure consists of distorted octahedral coordination at sodium.

Adjacent octahedra share edges to form one-dimensional chains.
Hydrogen bonding in two dimensions between acetate ions and water of hydration links the chains into a three-dimensional network.


REACTIONS OF SODIUM ACETATE:
Sodium acetate can be used to form an ester with an alkyl halide such as bromoethane:

CH3COONa + BrCH2CH3 → CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaBr
Sodium acetate undergoes decarboxylation to form methane (CH4) under forcing conditions (pyrolysis in the presence of sodium hydroxide):

CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3
Calcium oxide is the typical catalyst used for this reaction.
Cesium salts also catalyze this reaction.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM ACETATE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACETATE:
Chemical formula C2H3NaO2
Molar mass 82.034 g•mol−1
Appearance White deliquescent powder
Odor Vinegar (acetic acid) odor when heated to decomposition
Density 1.528 g/cm3 (20 °C, anhydrous)
1.45 g/cm3 (20 °C, trihydrate)
Melting point 324 °C (615 °F; 597 K)
(anhydrous)
58 °C (136 °F; 331 K)
(trihydrate)
Boiling point 881.4 °C (1,618.5 °F; 1,154.5 K)
(anhydrous)
122 °C (252 °F; 395 K)
(trihydrate) decomposes
Solubility in water Anhydrous:
119 g/100 mL (0 °C)
123.3 g/100 mL (20 °C)
125.5 g/100 mL (30 °C)
137.2 g/100 mL (60 °C)
162.9 g/100 mL (100 °C)
Trihydrate:
32.9 g/100 mL (-10 °C)
36.2 g/100 mL (0 °C)
46.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)
82 g/100 mL (50 °C)
Solubility Soluble in alcohol, hydrazine, SO2
Solubility in methanol 16 g/100 g (15 °C)
16.55 g/100 g (67.7 °C)
Solubility in ethanol Trihydrate:
5.3 g/100 mL
Solubility in acetone 0.5 g/kg (15 ��C)
Acidity (pKa) 51 (20 °C)
4.75 (when mixed with CH3COOH as a buffer)
Basicity (pKb) 9.25
Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −37.6•10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD) 1.464
Heat capacity (C):
100.83 J/mol•K (anhydrous)
229 J/mol•K (trihydrate)
Std molar entropy (S⦵298):
138.1 J/mol•K (anhydrous)
262 J/mol•K (trihydrate)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298):
−709.32 kJ/mol (anhydrous)
−1604 kJ/mol (trihydrate)
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): −607.7 kJ/mol (anhydrous)
Molecular Weight 82.03 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 2
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 82.00307362 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 82.00307362 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 40.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count 5
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 34.6
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes

SPECIFICATIONS OF SODIUM ACETATE:
Assay (perchloric acid titration) ≥ 99.0 %
Identity passes test
Appearance of solution passes test
Insoluble matter ≤ 0.01 %
pH-value (5 %; water) 7.0 - 9.2
Chloride (Cl) ≤ 0.002 %
Phosphate (PO₄) ≤ 0.001 %
Sulfate (SO₄) ≤ 0.003 %
Heavy metals (ACS) ≤ 0.001 %
Al (Aluminium) ≤ 0.001 %
Ca (Calcium) ≤ 0.005 %
Cu (Copper) ≤ 0.0003 %
Fe (Iron) ≤ 0.001 %
K (Potassium) ≤ 0.05 %
Mg (Magnesium) ≤ 0.002 %
Loss on drying (120 °C) ≤ 1.0 %


SYNONYMS OF SODIUM ACETATE:
Sodium Acetate
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate
Sodium Acetate, Anhydrous
Sodium acetate
127-09-3
Acetic acid, sodium salt
Sodium acetate anhydrous
Acetic acid sodium salt
Sodium acetate, anhydrous
Anhydrous sodium acetate
Sodium ethanoate
FEMA No. 3024
sodium-acetate
Acetic acid, sodium salt (1:1)
Sodium;acetate
MFCD00012459
Natriumacetat
Sodium acetate,anhydrous
Sodium acetate-18O2
NVG71ZZ7P0
Sodium acetate-1-13c-2-d3
DTXSID2027044
CHEBI:32954
Sodii acetas
Natriumazetat
NSC-77459
Natrium aceticum
ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, [3H]
Acetic-2-13C acid, sodium salt (8CI,9CI)
Octan sodny [Czech]
Caswell No. 741A
Natriumacetat [German]
CHEMBL1354
FEMA Number 3024
Octan sodny
C2H3NaO2
NaOAc
102212-93-1
SCFA
HSDB 688
129085-74-1
Sodium Acetate In Plastic Container
EINECS 204-823-8
NSC 77459
UNII-NVG71ZZ7P0
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 044006
sodiumacetate
sodium aceate
AcONa
CH3COONa
Acetic acidsodium salt
Sodium Acetate ,(S)
CH3CO2Na
EC 204-823-8
SODIUM ACETATE [MI]
Sodium acetate, ACS reagent
SODIUM ACETATE [FHFI]
SODIUM ACETATE [HSDB]
DTXCID507044
SODIUM ACETATE [WHO-DD]
Sodium acetate, biochemical grade
Sodium Acetate Anhydrous ACS USP
Tox21_202741
SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS [II]
AKOS003052995
AKOS015837569
Sodium acetate, BioXtra, >=99.0%
DB09395
Sodium acetate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%
Sodium acetate, for HPLC, >=99.5%
SODIUM ACETATE,ANHYDROUS [VANDF]
NCGC00260289-01
Sodium acetate, AR, anhydrous, >=99%
Sodium acetate, LR, anhydrous, >=98%
CAS-127-09-3
E262
Sodium acetate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
FT-0635282
FT-0659959
FT-0689166
S0559
Sodium Acetate Anhydrous, >99%, FCC, FG
EN300-21631
SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS [ORANGE BOOK]
Sodium acetate, 99.995% trace metals basis
Sodium acetate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
Sodium acetate, Trace metals grade, 99.99%
SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS ACS GRADE 12KG
Sodium acetate, JIS special grade, >=98.5%
Sodium acetate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS [USP MONOGRAPH]
A805637
Q339940
J-005463
Sodium acetate, for HPLC, 99.0-101.0% (NT)
Sodium acetate, puriss., anhydrous, >=98%, powder
Sodium acetate, anhydrous, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%
Sodium acetate, anhydrous, for molecular biology, >=99%
Sodium acetate, for electrophoresis, >=99%, crystalline
Sodium acetate, meets USP testing specifications, anhydrous
Sodium acetate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Sodium acetate, BioUltra, for luminescence, anhydrous, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium acetate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., anhydrous
Sodium acetate, anhydrous, BioUltra, for luminescence, for molecular biology, >=99.0% (NT)
Sodium acetate, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Mettler-Toledo Calibration substance ME 30130599, Sodium acetate anhydrous, tracable to primary standards (LGC)
Sodium acetate, powder, BioReagent, for electrophoresis, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, >=99%

SODIUM ACETATE
SODIUM ACETATE, N° CAS : 127-09-3 - Acétate de sodium. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Autres langues : Acetato de sodio, Acetato di sodio, Natriumacetat. Nom INCI : SODIUM ACETATE, Nom chimique : Sodium acetate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-823-8. Additif alimentaire : E262. Ses fonctions (INCI). Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit.sodyum asetat,Noms français : ACETATE DE SODIUM; Acétate de sodium; Acétate de sodium anhydre; SEL DE SODIUM DE L'ACIDE ACETIQUE; SODIUM, ACETATE DE. Noms anglais : ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; ANHYDROUS SODIUM ACETATE. Sodium acetate; Sodium acetate anhydrous. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Additif alimentaire, catalyseur. Acetic acid, sodium salt (1:1). Translated names: Acetat de sodiu (ro); Acetato de sodio (es); Acetato de sódio (pt); Acetato di sodio (it); Acétate de sodium (fr); Aċetat tas-sodju (mt); Naatriumatsetaat (et); Natrijev acetat (hr) ; Natrio acetatas (lt); Natriumacetaat (nl); Natriumacetat (da); Natriumasetaatti (fi); Nátrium-acetát (hu); Nātrija acetāts (lv); Octan sodný (cs); Octan sodu (pl); Sodium acetate (no); Οξικό νάτριο (el); Натриев ацетат (bg); Acetic acid sodium salt; NAAC; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Acetate ; SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS; sodium;acetate; Everagent T014; Sodium acetate hydrate; Sodium acetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]; 127-09-3 [RN]; 204-823-8 [EINECS]; 232-148-9 [EINECS]; 3595639 [Beilstein]; 4-01-00-00715 [Beilstein]; Acétate de sodium [French] ; Acetic acid sodium salt; ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT; Acetic acid, sodium salt (1:1) ; anhydrous sodium acetate; ethanoic acid sodium salt; MFCD00012459 [MDL number]; Natrium aceticum [Latin]; Natriumacetat [German] ; Natriumazetat [German]; Octan sodny [Czech]; sodii acetas; Sodium ethanoate; acetate sodium; Acetatebuffer; acetic acid sodium; AGN-PC-04FAVB; MFCD00137248 [MDL number]; Natrium aceticum; Natriumazetat; Sodium acetate trihydrate; Sodium acetate,anhydrous; 乙酸钠 [Chinese
SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT)
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) has the chemical formula of C2H3NaO2.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is an organic sodium salt.


CAS Number anhydrous: 127-09-3 / trihydrate: 6131-90-4
EC Number: anhydrous: 204-823-8
MDL Number:MFCD00189465
E number: E262 (preservatives)
Chemical formula: C2H3NaO2



Acetic acid sodium salt, Sodium acetate, OmniPur Sodium Acetate, Anhydrous, SODIUM DIACETATE, 126-96-5, Acetic acid, sodium salt (2:1), Sodium hydrogen diacetate, sodium;acetic acid;acetate, 26WJH3CS0B, Dykon, Acid acetate, Sodium acid acetate, Sodium acetate, acid, Sodium hydrogen acetate, Sodium acetate (1:2), Sodium hydrogen di(acetate), Acetic acid dimer, sodium salt, HSDB 736, EINECS 204-814-9, UNII-26WJH3CS0B, AcOH AcONa, AcONa AcOH, HOAc NaOAc,
NaOAc HOAc, sodium acetate acetate, CH3COONa CH3COOH, acetic acid sodium acetate, sodium acetate acetic acid, sodium acetate-acetic acid, EC 204-814-9, SCHEMBL41629, SODIUM DIACETATE [MI], SODIUM DIACETATE [FCC], INS NO.262(II), SODIUM DIACETATE [FHFI], SODIUM DIACETATE [HSDB], DTXSID3034909, INS-262(II), SODIUM DIACETATE [MART.], BHZOKUMUHVTPBX-UHFFFAOYSA-M, E-262(II), AKOS024432562, Q409655, Sodium acetate, 127-09-3, Acetic acid, sodium salt, Sodium acetate anhydrous, Acetic acid sodium salt, Sodium acetate, anhydrous, Anhydrous sodium acetate, Sodii acetas, Sodium ethanoate, Natrium aceticum, FEMA No. 3024,
Natriumacetat, Octan sodny, Caswell No. 741A, FEMA Number 3024, Natriumazetat, HSDB 688, Sodium acetate,anhydrous, Acetic acid, sodium salt (1:1),
UNII-NVG71ZZ7P0, Sodium Acetate In Plastic Container, EINECS 204-823-8, NVG71ZZ7P0, MFCD00012459, NSC 77459, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 044006, Sodium acetate-1-13c-2-d3, DTXSID2027044, CHEBI:32954, Sodium acetate (3h2o), Sodium acetate-18O2, NSC-77459, ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, [3H], DTXCID507044, INS NO.262(I), EC 204-823-8, INS-262(I), 102212-93-1, E-262(I), Acetic-2-13C acid, sodium salt (8CI,9CI), 129085-74-1, sodium-acetate, CHEMBL1354,
C2H3NaO2, SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS (II), SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS [II], NaOAc, NSC77459, SCFA, SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS (USP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS [USP MONOGRAPH], sodiumacetate, sodium aceate, AcONa, sodium acetate ion, CH3COONa, Acetic acidsodium salt, Sodium Acetate ,(S), CH3CO2Na,
SODIUM ACETATE [MI], Sodium acetate, ACS reagent, SODIUM ACETATE [FHFI], SODIUM ACETATE [HSDB], SODIUM ACETATE [WHO-DD], Sodium acetate, biochemical grade, VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M, Tox21_202741, AKOS003052995, AKOS015837569, Sodium acetate, BioXtra, >=99.0%, DB09395, Sodium acetate, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Sodium acetate, for HPLC, >=99.5%, SODIUM ACETATE,ANHYDROUS [VANDF], NCGC00260289-01, Sodium acetate, AR, anhydrous, >=99%, Sodium acetate, LR, anhydrous, >=98%, CAS-127-09-3, E262, Sodium acetate, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, FT-0635282, FT-0659959, FT-0689166, NS00074442, S0559, Sodium Acetate Anhydrous, >99%, FCC, FG, EN300-21631, SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS [ORANGE BOOK], Sodium acetate, 99.995% trace metals basis, Sodium acetate, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%, Sodium acetate, Trace metals grade, 99.99%, Sodium acetate, JIS special grade, >=98.5%, Sodium acetate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, A805637, Q339940, BioReagent Plus, inverted exclamation markY99.0%, J-005463, Sodium acetate, for HPLC, 99.0-101.0% (NT), Sodium acetate, puriss., anhydrous, >=98%, powder, Sodium acetate, anhydrous, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%, Sodium acetate, anhydrous, for molecular biology, >=99%, Sodium acetate, for electrophoresis, >=99%, crystalline, Sodium acetate, meets USP testing specifications, anhydrous, Sodium acetate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Sodium acetate, BioUltra, for luminescence, anhydrous, >=99.0% (NT), Sodium acetate, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., anhydrous, Sodium acetate, anhydrous, BioUltra, for luminescence, for molecular biology, >=99.0% (NT), Sodium acetate, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.0%,
Mettler-Toledo Calibration substance ME 30130599, Sodium acetate anhydrous, tracable to primary standards (LGC), Sodium acetate, powder, BioReagent, for electrophoresis, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, >=99%, Sodium acetate; Sodium ethanoate, 14CH314COONA, Sodium acetate-UL-14C, ACETIC ACID-UL-14C SODIUM SALT, [1,2-14C]ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, ACETIC ACID, [1,2-14C] SODIUM SALT, ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, [1,2-14C], sodium acetate, acetic acid, sodium salt, sodium acetate anhydrous, sodium acetate, anhydrous, acetic acid sodium salt, anhydrous sodium acetate, sodii acetas, sodium ethanoate, natrium aceticum, Acetic acid, sodium salt, hydrate (1:1:3), Acetic acid, sodium salt, trihydrate, Sodium acetate, Acetic acid sodium salt, Sodium ethanoate, NaOAc, Sodium acetate hydrate, Acetic acid sodium salt trihydrate, Sodium ethanoate trihydrate, Thomaegelin, Plasmafusin, Tutofusin, 6131-90-4, Natrium acetate-3-wasser, Acetic acid, sodium salt, trihydrate,



Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) has the chemical formula of C2H3NaO2.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt)'s anhydrous form has a molecular mass of 82.03 g/mol.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is a white deliquescent powder with no characteristic odour at room temperature and normal pressure.


However, when heated till decomposition, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) gives of vinegar-like odour due to the presence of acetate ions.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) dissolves readily in water, giving a mildly basic solution due to the formation of NaOH, a strong base, along with acetic acid (CH3COOH), a weak acid.

Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) formula is one of the most confusing chemical formulas in chemistry.
To recall about Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt), it is a trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid and is also known as sodium ethanoate (abbreviated as NaOAc).


The Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) chemical formula or sodium ethanoate formula is C2H3NaO2.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is a moderately water soluble crystalline Sodium source that decomposes to Sodium oxide on heating.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is generally immediately available in most volumes.


All metallic acetates are inorganic salts containing a metal cation and the acetate anion, a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05.
Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds, catalysts, and nanoscale materials.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt), CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is colorless transparent crystals.


Density of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is 1.45g/cm 3.
Melting Point of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is 58 °c.
Water of crystallization of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) was lost at 123 °c.


The anhydrate of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) had a density of 1.528g/cm3 and a melting point of 324 °c.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is soluble in water, weakly alkaline.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is slightly soluble in ethanol.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is an organic sodium salt.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) contains an acetate.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is the trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid with alkalinizing, diuretic and electrolyte replacement properties.
Following absorption, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) generates sodium bicarbonate, thereby raising blood and urine pH.
In addition, this agent may increase serum sodium concentration.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of acetic acid.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is white crystalline powder or block, odorless, slight bitter.
Relative density of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is 1.582.


Melting point of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is 324.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) has strong moisture absorption and highly dissolves in water.
CH3COONa is a chemical compound with the chemical name Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt).


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is a sodium salt of acetic acid.
It is also called Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt).
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is either in its white granular powder form or appears as monoclinic crystals.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is hygroscopic in nature and easily soluble in water.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is usually odourless but when heated to decomposition, it smells like vinegar or acetic acid.
Medically Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is given intravenously as an electrolyte replenishement.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) corrects the sodium levels in hyponatremic patients.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams, and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning, and it helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is the chemical that gives salt and vinegar chips their flavour.
It may also be added to foods as a preservative; in this application Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is usually written as "sodium diacetate" and labeled E262.


As the conjugate base of a weak acid, a solution of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH.
This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH dependent.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is also used in consumer heating pads or hand warmers and is also used in "hot ice".
When Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) trihydrate crystals (melting point 58 °C) are heated to around 100 °C, they melt.
When this melt cools, it gives a supersaturated solution of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) in water.


This solution is capable of supercooling to room temperature, well below its melting point, without forming crystals.
By clicking on a metal disc in the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed which causes the solution to crystallize into solid Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) trihydrate again.


The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic, hence heat is emitted.
The latent heat of fusion of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is about 264–289 kJ/kg.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) trihydrate is commonly used in several applications.


A formulation with ethanol may be used for the precipitation of nucleic acids.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used in several applications.
A formulation with ethanol may be used for the precipitation of nucleic acids.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used in the preparation of gel stains for protein gel electrophoresis.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions.
Medically, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used for dialysis as a source of sodium ions in solutions.


Concrete longevity uses of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt): Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used to mitigate water damage to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the commonly used epoxy alternative for sealing concrete against water permeation.


This colorless deliquescent salt, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt), has a wide range of uses.
In the field of biotechnology, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is widely used as a source of carbon for the culturing of many important bacteria.
The yield of the ethanol precipitation process for the isolation of DNA can be increased with the use of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt).


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is also vital to the textile industry, where it is used as a neutralising agent in order to neutralise streams of sulphuric acid which is produced as a waste.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is also used as a pickling agent during chrome tanning activities.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) also acts as a concrete sealant and is, therefore, used to reduce the water damage suffered by concrete in the construction industry.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used for dialysis as a source of sodium ions in solutions.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used in the textile industry while using an aniline dye.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used as a pickling agent in chrome tanning.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) acts as a concrete sealant.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can be used in food as a seasoning.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can be used as a buffer along with acetic acid to keep a relatively constant pH.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used in heating pads, hot ice, and hand warmers.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used to get rid of the build up of static electricity.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used in printing and dyeing industry, medicine, photography, electroplating, chemical reagent and organic synthesis etc.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used determination of lead, zinc, aluminum, iron, cobalt, antimony, nickel and tin. Complex stabilizer.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used auxiliary agent, buffer, desiccant and mordant for acetylation.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used for the determination of lead, zinc, aluminum, iron, cobalt, antimony, nickel and tin.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used as esterification agent for organic synthesis, photography medicine, medicine, printing and dyeing mordant, buffer, chemical reagent, meat anti-corrosion, pigment, tanning and many other
aspects.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used as buffer, flavoring agent, flavoring agent and pH regulator.
As a buffer of flavoring agent, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can alleviate bad smell, prevent discoloration and improve flavor by 0.1% - 0.3%.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) has certain anti mildew effect, such as using 0.1% - 0.3% in minced fish products and bread.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can also be used as sour agent for sauce, pickled cabbage, mayonnaise, fish cake, sausage, bread, sticky
cake, etc.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is mixed with methylcellulose and phosphate to improve the preservation of sausage, bread and sticky cake.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used as anti coking agent for sulfur regulated neoprene coking, and the dosage is generally 0.5 parts by mass.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can also be used as a crosslinking agent for animal glue.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can be used to add alkaline tin plating, but it has no obvious effect on the coating and electroplating process.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is not a necessary component.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is often used as a buffer, such as acid zinc plating, alkaline tin plating and electroless nickel plating.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used in printing and dyeing, medicine, photography, also used as esterifying agent, preservative.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt), (also rarely, sodium ethanoate) is the sodium salt of acetic acid.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is an inexpensive chemical produced in industrial quantities for a wide range of uses.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions.


Medically, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) anhydrous disassociates in water to form sodium ions (Na+) and acetate ions.
Sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in fluid and electrolyte replacement therapies.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) anhydrous is used as an electrolyte replenisher in isosmotic solution for parenteral replacement of acute losses of extracellular fluid without disturbing normal electrolyte balance.


The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, which is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is commonly used to label cellular lipids, steroids and sterols.


Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is the sodium salt form of acetic acid that is used as additive in several directions (e.g., food, concrete manufacture, buffer solutions).
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used as buffering agent, seasoning reagent, etc.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) along with an alkyl halide like bromoethane can be used to form an ester.


-Biotechnological uses of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used as the carbon source for culturing bacteria.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is also useful for increasing yields of DNA isolation by ethanol precipitation.


-Food additive uses of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt):
Flavouring agent; pH control agent Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt), (also sodium ethanoate) is the sodium salt of acetic acid.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is an inexpensive chemical produced in industrial quantities for a wide range of uses.


-Industrial uses of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams and also as a photoresist while using aniline dyes.

Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning and helps to impede vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production.
In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity.


-Food uses of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) may be added to food as a seasoning, sometimes in the form of sodium diacetate, a one-to-one complex of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) and acetic acid, given the E-number E262.

Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is often used to give potato chips a salt and vinegar flavour, and may be used as a substitute for vinegar itself on potato chips as it doesn't add moisture to the final product.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) (anhydrous) is widely used as a shelf-life extending agent and pH control agent.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is safe to eat at low concentration.


-Buffer solution uses of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt):
A solution of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) (a basic salt of acetic acid) and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH level.
This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH-dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4–6).



HEATING PAD USES OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is also used in heating pads, hand warmers, and hot ice.
A supersaturated solution of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) in water is supplied with a device to initiate crystallization, a process that releases substantial heat.

Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) trihydrate crystals melt at 58–58.4 °C (136.4–137.1 °F), dissolving in their water of crystallization.
When they are heated past the melting point and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated.
This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature without forming crystals.

By pressing on a metal disc within the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed, causing the solution to crystallize back into solid Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) trihydrate.
The process of crystallization is exothermic.

The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg.
Unlike some types of heat packs, such as those dependent upon irreversible chemical reactions, a Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) heat pack can be easily reused by immersing the pack in boiling water for a few minutes, until the crystals are completely dissolved, and allowing the pack to slowly cool to room temperature.



STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
The crystal structure of anhydrous Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) has been described as alternating sodium-carboxylate and methyl group layers.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) trihydrate's structure consists of distorted octahedral coordination at sodium.
Adjacent octahedra share edges to form one-dimensional chains.
Hydrogen bonding in two dimensions between acetate ions and water of hydration links the chains into a three-dimensional network



REACTIONS OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can be used to form an ester with an alkyl halide such as bromoethane:
CH3COONa + BrCH2CH3 → CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaBr
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) undergoes decarboxylation to form methane (CH4) under forcing conditions (pyrolysis in the presence of sodium hydroxide):

CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3
Calcium oxide is the typical catalyst used for this reaction.
Cesium salts also catalyze this reaction.



STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
In Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt), both sodium and acetate ions have a unitary charge.
The sodium ion has a charge of +1 due to the loss of a single electron from the 3s orbital, while the acetate ion has a charge of -1.
The charge on the acetate ion is delocalized on the two oxygen atoms making Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) highly stable.
The carbon-oxygen bonds of acetate ions are covalent with extensive electron delocalization.
In contrast, the bond between sodium and acetate ions is ionic due to the electrostatic interaction between the two ions.



PRODUCTION OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is primarily produced from acetic acid by reacting it with sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
The reaction to this process is as follows:
CH3COOH + NaHCO3→ CH3COONa + H2CO3
The carbonic acid H2CO3 produced in this reaction is heated further to produce carbon dioxide and water:

H2CO3→CO2\+ H2O
Industrially, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with acetic acid in an aqueous solution.
This reaction proceeds according to the equation:
CH3COOH\+ NaOH→CH3COONa\+ H2O



PREPARATION OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is inexpensive, and is usually purchased from chemical suppliers, instead of being synthesized in the laboratory.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide.

These reactions produce Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt)(aq), water, and carbon dioxide which leaves the reaction vessel as a gas.
CH3–COOH + Na+[HCO3]– → CH3–COO– Na+ + H2O + CO2
This is the well-known "fizzing" reaction between baking soda and vinegar.

84 grams of sodium bicarbonate react with 750 g of 8% vinegar to make 82 g Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) in water.
By subsequently boiling off most of the water, one can refine either a concentrated solution of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) or actual crystals.



REACTIONS OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can be used to form an ester with an alkyl halide such as bromoethane:
H3C–COO– Na+ + Br–CH2–CH3 → H3C–COO–CH2–CH3 + NaBr
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is a sodium salt of the common organic acid, acetic acid.

Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is a colourless and odourless solid with high solubility in water.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is deliquescent in nature, with its trihydrate form being the most common.
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is a widely used sodium salt mainly acting as a carbon source in organic reactions.



FORMULA OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is a sodium salt of ethanoic acid (acetic acid) and contains two carbon atoms, 3 hydrogen atoms, 1 sodium atom, and 2 oxygen atoms.
The chemical and molecular formula for Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is written as-

Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) Chemical Formula:CH3COONa
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) Molecular Formula:C2H3NaO2

It is important to remember the Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) chemical and molecular formula as it is one of the common compounds.
The structure of NaOAc is also given below which can help to remember the formula effectively and know about Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) in a better way.



PREPARATION OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
For laboratory use, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is inexpensive and usually purchased instead of being synthesized.
It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid, commonly in the 5–8% solution known as vinegar, with sodium carbonate ("washing soda"), sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda"), or sodium hydroxide ("lye", or "caustic soda").

Any of these reactions produce Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) and water.
When a sodium and carbonate ion-containing compound is used as the reactant, the carbonate anion from sodium bicarbonate or carbonate, reacts with the hydrogen from the carboxyl group (-COOH) in acetic acid, forming carbonic acid.

Carbonic acid readily decomposes under normal conditions into gaseous carbon dioxide and water.
This is the reaction taking place in the well-known "volcano" that occurs when the household products, baking soda and vinegar, are combined.

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2CO3H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O
Industrially, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) trihydrate is prepared by reacting acetic acid with sodium hydroxide using water as the solvent.

CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O.
To manufacture anhydrous Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) industrially, the Niacet Process is used.
Sodium metal ingots are extruded through a die to form a ribbon of sodium metal, usually under an inert gas atmosphere such as N2 then immersed in anhydrous acetic acid.

2 CH3COOH + 2 Na →2 CH3COONa + H2.
The hydrogen gas is normally a valuable byproduct.



PREPARATIONS OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is formed by the reaction of Vinegar (5-8% Acetic acid) with sodium carbonate (NaHCO3).
In this reaction carbonic acid is formed which is further decomposed by heating produces carbon dioxide and water.

CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2CO3
H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is industrially formed by the reaction of acetic acid with sodium hydroxide in an aqueous solution.
CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O

Chemical reactions of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) – CH3COONa
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is heated strongly with soda lime which is the mixture of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) and Calcium oxide (CaO) in the ratio of 3:1 by mass, methane is formed as the product .

Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) along with an alkyl halide like bromoethane can be used to form an ester.
CH3COONa + BrCH2CH3 → CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaBr



IS SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT) SOLUBLE IN WATER?
Yes, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is highly soluble in water.
The solubility of Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) in water increases when the temperature is increased.

For example, at a temperature of 0 degrees Celsius, anhydrous Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) has a solubility in water of 1190 grams per litre.
However, when the temperature is increased to 100 degrees Celsius, the solubility of this compound in water increases to 1629 grams per litre (in its anhydrous form).

The trihydrate of this compound is not as soluble in water and Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt)'s solubility corresponds to 464 grams per litre at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.



HOW IS SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT) PRODUCED?
Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) can be produced from the reaction between acetic acid (usually used in the form of vinegar) and sodium carbonate (usually used in the form of washing soda).

Sodium bicarbonate (also known as baking soda) or sodium hydroxide (also known as caustic soda) can be used as an alternative to sodium carbonate in this reaction.
Industrially, Sodium acetate (Acetic acid, sodium salt) is prepared by reacting acetic acid with sodium hydroxide in the presence of water (which functions as a solvent).



CHEMICAL and PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
*Colorless transparent crystals or white particles.
*The anhydrous material had a melting point of 324 °c.
*Density 1.528g/cm3.
*Slightly soluble in ethanol, insoluble in ether



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
Chemical formula: C2H3NaO2
Molar mass: 82.034 g·mol−1
Appearance: White deliquescent powder
Odor: Vinegar (acetic acid) odor when heated to decomposition[
Density: 1.528 g/cm3 (20 °C, anhydrous)
1.45 g/cm3 (20 °C, trihydrate)[2]
Melting point: 324 °C (615 °F; 597 K) (anhydrous)
58 °C (136 °F; 331 K) (trihydrate)
Boiling point: 881.4 °C (1,618.5 °F; 1,154.5 K) (anhydrous)
122 °C (252 °F; 395 K)
(trihydrate) decomposes
Solubility in water Anhydrous:
119 g/100 mL (0 °C)
123.3 g/100 mL (20 °C)
125.5 g/100 mL (30 °C)
137.2 g/100 mL (60 °C)
162.9 g/100 mL (100 °C)

Trihydrate:
32.9 g/100 mL (-10 °C)
36.2 g/100 mL (0 °C)
46.4 g/100 mL (20 °C)
82 g/100 mL (50 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, hydrazine, SO2
Solubility in methanol 16 g/100 g (15 °C)
16.55 g/100 g (67.7 °C)
Solubility in ethanol Trihydrate: 5.3 g/100 mL
Solubility in acetone: 0.5 g/kg (15 °C)
Acidity (pKa): 24 (20 °C)
4.75 (when mixed with CH3COOH as a buffer)
Basicity (pKb): 9.25
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −37.6·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.464

Structure:
Crystal structure: Monoclinic
Thermochemistry:
Heat capacity (C): 100.83 J/mol·K (anhydrous)
229 J/mol·K (trihydrate)
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 138.1 J/mol·K (anhydrous)
262 J/mol·K (trihydrate)
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −709.32 kJ/mol (anhydrous)
−1604 kJ/mol (trihydrate)
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): −607.7 kJ/mol (anhydrous)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
form: aqueous solution
Specific Activity: 100-120 mCi/mmol
Molecular Weight: 142.09 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 142.02420298 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 142.02420298 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 77.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 65.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting Point: 324.0°C
CAS Min %: 99.0
Color: White
CAS Max %: 100.0
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Linear Formula: CH3CO2Na
Beilstein: 02, 96
Fieser: 01,1024; 05,591
Merck Index: 15, 8709
Solubility Information Solubility in water: 500g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: slightly soluble in alcohol
IUPAC Name: sodium acetate
Formula Weight: 82.03

Percent Purity: ≥99%
Flash Point: >250°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Loss on Drying: 1% max.
Physical Form: Fine Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Acetic acid, sodium salt, Anhydrous
Appearance Form: solid
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Meltin point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: > 300 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available

Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure No data available
Vapor density No data available
Density 1,528 g/cm3
Relative density No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
CH3COONa: Sodium Acetate
Molecular Weight/ Molar Mass: 82.03 g/mol

Density: 1.528 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 881.4 °C
Melting Point: 324 °C
CAS: 127-09-3
EINECS: 204-823-8
InChI: InChI=1/C2H4O2.Na.3H2O/c1-2(3)4;;;;/h1H3,(H,3,4);;3*1H2/q;+1;;;/p-1
Molecular Formula: C2H3NaO2
Molar Mass: 82.03
Melting Point: 58℃
Boling Point: 117.1°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 40°C
Water Solubility: 500 g/L (20℃)
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol.
Vapor Presure: 13.9mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: White powder
Storage Condition: 2-8℃
Sensitive: Easily absorbing moisture
MDL: MFCD00012459

Water Solubility: 429 g/L
logP: -0.2
logP: -0.22
logS: 0.72
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.54
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 40.13 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 23.48 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 4.96 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Chemical Formula: C2H3NaO2
IUPAC name: sodium acetate
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C2H4O2.Na/c1-2(3)4;/h1H3,(H,3,4);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key: VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Isomeric SMILES [Na+].CC([O-])=O
Average Molecular Weight: 82.0338
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 82.003074015
Compound Formula: C2H9NaO5
Molecular Weight: 136.08
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 136.034768
Monoisotopic Mass: 136.034768
Charge: N/A



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry. Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM ACETATE (ACETIC ACID, SODIUM SALT):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


SODIUM ACETATE ANHYDROUS
cas no 7758-16-9 SAPP; disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate; disodium pyrophosphate; Polyphosphoric acids, sodium salts; Pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt; Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2);
SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, chemical formula NaC2H3O2‧3H2O, is readily formed by the reaction of acetic acid (vinegar) and sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is white crystalline coarse powder or block.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate’s odorless, tastes a bit of vinegary.


CAS Number: 6131-90-4
EC Number: 204-823-8
MDL Number: MFCD00071557
Linear Formula: CH3COONa · 3H2O
Molecular Formula: C2H9NaO5


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a hydrate.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate contains sodium acetate.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Sodium source that decomposes to Sodium oxide on heating.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
All metallic acetates are inorganic salts containing a metal cation and the acetate anion, a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05.


Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds, catalysts, and nanoscale materials.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is white crystalline coarse powder or block.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate’s odorless, tastes a bit of vinegary.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is soluble in water and alcohol.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a moderately water soluble crystalline source of Sodium and serves as processing aid excipient.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a colorless transparent crystal or white crystalline powder.


The relative density of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is 1.45.
In warm and dry air, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate’ll easily get weathered. 1g sample of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate could be dissolved in about 0.8mL water or 19mL ethanol.


The relative density of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is 1.528.
The melting point of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is 324℃.
Capacity of moisture absorption of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is strong.


1g sample of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate could be dissolved in 2mL water.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a hydrate.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate contains a sodium acetate.


Sodium acetate trihydrate can be obtained from the crystallization of sodium acetate in water.
On heating at 75°C, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate melts, while on heating above 120°C it loses water of crystallization and gets converted into anhydrous form.
The hyperfine proton and 13C splittings have been evaluated by recording ESR spectra of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate's irradiated single crystals.


ESR studies suggested the existence of trapped methyl radicals.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate's crystals are monoclinic and its crystal structure has been investigated by photographic methods.
Unit cell parameters were evaluated.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, also known as sodium ethanoate is an odourless, white crystalline salt which is easily soluble in water.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is made from ethanoic acid and sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is easily soluble in cold water, hot water.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is soluble in diethyl ether.
Solubility of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate in water: 1 g dissolves in 0.8 ml water 0.6 boiling.
Solubility of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate in water: 76.2 g/100 ml @ 0 deg. C; 138.8 g/ 100 ml @ 50 deg. C


Solubility of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate in alcohol: 1 g dissolves in 19 ml alcohol.
Solubility of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate in alcohol: 2.1 g/100 ml alcohol @ 18 deg. C
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a colourless crystal or a white, crystalline powder.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is very soluble in water; and soluble in ethanol (95%).



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is widely used as a shelf-life extending agent, pH regulator, etc. as it has properties to solve in water wells.
The trihydrate sodium salt of acetic acid, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as a source of sodium ions in solutions for dialysis and as a systemic and urinary alkalizer, diuretic, and expectorant.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions.
Medically, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate can be used in pharmaceuticals.
Acetic acid has been said to prevent bacteria cultivation and therefore has been used not only to add sour taste but to preserve food.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a food additive obtained by neutralization of acetic acid.
When used as a food additive, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate can be indicated by its group name, substance name or abbreviated name according to the purpose of use.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is for precipitation of nucleic acids and preparing gel stains for protein gel electrophoresis
Sodium acetate trihydrate is commonly used in several applications.
A formulation with ethanol may be used for precipitation of nucleic acids.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is often used in the preparation of gel stains for protein gel electrophoresis.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is effective as a buffer with Acetic acid (sc-214462) in the range of pH 3.6 - 5.6.
Studies on microbial pili suggest that Sodium Acetate Trihydrate suppressed K99 production in E. coli strains cultured on a minimal medium.


Experiments have shown that when added to food waste composting systems, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate may be effective at counteracting the adverse effects of organic acids produced in the composting process.
Sodium acetate trihydrate is used in various applications.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is also used in the purification and precipitation of nucleic acids and in protein crystallization.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as mordant dyeing, as a pickling agent in chrome tanning, as a neutralizer in waste streams containing sulfuric acid in textile industry and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate plays an important role to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a precursor to prepare ester from alkyl halide.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as buffering agent, seasoning reagent, PH regulator, flavor agent, etc .


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used in various applications.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as a buffer of a pH range in between to 4.0 to 6.0.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is also used in the purification and precipitation of nucleic acids and in protein crystallization.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as a mordant dyeing, as a pickling agent in chrome tanning, as a neutralizer in waste streams containing sulfuric acid, in the textile industry and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate plays an important role to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a precursor to prepare ester from alkyl halide.
Other applications of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate are in photography, as an additive to food, in purification of glucose, in preservation of meat, in tanning, and as a dehydrating agent.


In analytical chemistry Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used to prepare buffer solution.
Following absorption, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate generates sodium bicarbonate, thereby raising blood and urine pH.
In addition, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate may increase serum sodium concentration.


In the pharmaceutical industry, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used for replenishing lost electrolytes, as a diuretic, and in reusable heating pads and hand warmers.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate can be used to neutralize the industrial mineral acids discharge.


In the textile and synthetic rubber production, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used to neutralize sulfuric acids, facilitate aniline dye take up, and protect aniline day.
In the leather industry, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as a buffering agent for leather tanning.


Furthermore, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as buffers in the production of cosmetics and petroleum products and in electroplating industry.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as part of a buffer system when combined with acetic acid in various intramuscular, intravenous, topical, ophthalmic, nasal, oral, otic, and subcutaneous formulations.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate may be used to reduce the bitterness of oral pharmaceuticals.
In the food industry, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as an acidity regulator, emulsifier, and preservative.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate can give potato chips a salt and vinegar flavor.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate has many applications and is commonly used in the textile industries.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used in hand warmers and heating pads.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used for making Hot Ice in Heating Pads (Details below for making and link to Video.).


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as a Buffer to maintain constant pH in solutions.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used in Textile industry to neutralise acid wastestreams.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used in optical lithography and photoengraving.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used in the production of synthetic rubber.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as a pickling agent in Chrome tanning of animal skins in conjunction with chromium sulphate.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as a concrete sealant.
Sodium acetate trihydrate is a salt that is used in the production of sodium salts and surface methodology, as well as in analytical methods.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is also used to prepare anhydrous sodium.


Sodium Acetate Trihydrate can be used as a cell lysis agent for water vapor.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as a buffer of pH range in between to 4.0 to 6.0.


-Medical Use of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate:
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used in medicine to replenish electrolytes.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate also serves as a diuretic.

A most interesting application of Sodium Acetate Trihydratee is in reusable heating pads.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate contains three waters of crystallization. Heat it up to 58 degrees centigrade, and those waters are released by the crystals.
They dissolve the no longer-hydrated Sodium Acetate Trihydrate, replacing the solid with a solution.

This solution can then be cooled without re-crystallization, to room temperature.
When desired, and with the proper stimulus, this liquid can be forced to crystallize again.
The act of crystallization releases heat to the body parts the user desires.


-Industrial Uses of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate:
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is an alkaline salt, being the product of a strong base and a weak acid.
Thus, its alkalinity, as well as its low price, makes Sodium Acetate Trihydrate attractive in the neutralization of industrial mineral acids discharge.
In pest control, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is under study for use as a component of nematicides.
Nematodes may be drawn to Sodium Acetate Trihydrate as a kind of bait, even as pheromones can be used to draw certain insects.


-Pharmaceutical Applications of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate:
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is used as part of a buffer system when combined with acetic acid in various intramuscular, intravenous, topical, ophthalmic, nasal, oral, otic, and subcutaneous formulations.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate may be used to reduce the bitterness of oral pharmaceuticals.

Sodium Acetate Trihydrate can be used to enhance the antimicrobial properties of formulations; it has been shown to inhibit the growth of S. aureus and E. coli, but not C. albicans in protein hydrolysate solutions. Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is widely used in the food industry as a preservative.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate has also been used therapeutically for the treatment of metabolic acidosis in premature infants, and in hemodialysis solutions.


-Biochem/physiol Actions of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate:
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a phase change material (PCM) that can be easily combined with the preparation of domestic hot water, space heating, solar heating, and radiant floor heating systems.
The hydrated salt of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate possesses high latent heat density and thus can be used for low-temperature heat storage.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is the trihydrate sodium salt oaf acetic acid.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a colorless, odorless crystals that can be weathered in the air.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is soluble in water and ether, pH of 0.1M aqueous solution is 8.9. moderately soluble in ethanol, 5.3 g/100mL.
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate occurs as colorless, transparent crystals or a granular crystalline powder with a slight acetic acid odor.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
Molecular Weight: 136.08 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 136.03476767 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 136.03476767 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 43.1Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 34.6
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 6131-90-4
EC number: 204-823-8
Grade: Ph Eur,BP,JP,USP,FCC,E 262
Hill Formula: C₂H₃NaO₂ * 3 H₂O
Chemical formula: CH₃COONa * 3 H₂O
Molar Mass: 136.08 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 29 00

Density: 1.45 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Ignition temperature: 607 °C
Melting Point: 57.9 °C
pH value: 8.5 - 10 (408 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Bulk density: 900 kg/m3
Solubility: 613 g/l
Physical state: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 57,9 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 8,5 - 10 at 408 g/l at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 408 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,45 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

CAS Number: 6131-90-4
Weight Average: 136.079
Monoisotopic: 136.03476767
Chemical Formula: C2H9NaO5
InChI Key: AYRVGWHSXIMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O2.Na.3H2O/c1-2(3)4;;;;/h1H3,(H,3,4);;3*1H2/q;+1;;;/p-1
IUPAC Name: sodium acetate trihydrate
SMILES: [Na+].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].[H]O[H].CC([O-])=O
Water Solubility: 429.0 mg/mL
logP: -0.2
logP: -0.22
logS: 0.72
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 4.54
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0
Polar Surface Area: 40.13 Å2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Refractivity: 23.48 m3·mol-1
Polarizability: 4.96 Å3
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Compound Formula: C2H9NaO5
Molecular Weight: 136.08
Appearance: White powder
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: N/A
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 136.034768
Monoisotopic Mass: 136.034768
Charge: N/A
Linear Formula: CH3COONa • 3H2O
MDL Number: MFCD00071557
EC No.: 204-823-8
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: 3732037
Pubchem CID: 23665404
IUPAC Name: sodium; acetate; trihydrate
SMILES: [Na+].[O-]C(=O)C.O.O.O
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/C2H4O2.Na.3H2O/c1-2(3)4;;;;/h1H3,(H,3,4);;3*1H2/q;+1;;;/p-1
InchI Key: AYRVGWHSXIMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Physical Form: Crystals
Formula Weight: 136.08
Grade: Multi-Compendial/USP
Specific Gravity: 1L = 1.45kg
Chemical Name or Material: Sodium Acetate, Trihydrate

CBNumber:CB3410262
Molecular Formula:C2H9NaO5
Molecular Weight:136.08
MDL Number:MFCD00071557
MOL File:6131-90-4.mol
Melting point: 58 °C
Boiling point: >400°C
Density: 1,45 g/cm3
Flash point: >250°C
storage temp.: Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 3 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Solid
color: White
Odor: Slight acetic acid
PH Range: 8.5 - 10 at 408 g/l at 25 °C
PH: 7.5-9.0 (25℃, 50mg/mL in H2O)
pka: 4.76 (acetic acid)(at 25℃)
Water Solubility: 762 g/L (20 ºC)
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: ≤0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: ≤0.01
Merck: 14,8571
BRN: 3732037
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, halogens.
InChIKey: AYRVGWHSXIMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -0.285 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 6131-90-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 4550K0SC9B
NIST Chemistry Reference: Sodium acetate trihydrate(6131-90-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Acetic acid, sodium salt, trihydrate (6131-90-4)



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
-Extinguishing media
*Suitable extinguishing media
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE
6131-90-4
Acetic acid, sodium salt, trihydrate
sodium;acetate;trihydrate
MFCD00071557
Acetic acid sodium salt trihydrate
4550K0SC9B
Sodium acetate [USP:JAN]
Sodium acetate (TN)
sodium acetatetrihydrate
Sodium acetate (USP)
AcONa.3H2O
natriumacetate trihydrate
sodium acetate-trihydrate
sodium acetate. trihydrate
CH3CO2Na.3H2O
SODIUM ACETATE [FCC]
SODIUM ACETATE [INCI]
SODIUM ACETATE [VANDF]
sodium acetate--water (1/3)
DTXSID2073986
SODIUM ACETATE [USP-RS]
Sodium acetate hydrate (JP17)
SODIUM ACETATE, TRIHYDRATE
AYRVGWHSXIMRAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SODIUM ACETATE [ORANGE BOOK]
SODIUM ACETATE HYDRATE [JAN]
Sodium acetate trihydrate ACS reagent
AKOS015904397
SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE [MI]
SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE [USP-RS]
SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE [WHO-DD]
FT-0645115
D01779
EN300-345872
SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Sodium acetate trihydrate ACS grade with ID tests
Q27114798
Acetic acid sodium salt trihydrate
Sodium acetate trihydrate
Sodium acetate hydrate
Acetic acid sodium salt trihydrate
Sodium ethanoate trihydrate
Thomaegelin
Plasmafusin
Tutofusin
6131-90-4
Natrium acetate-3-wasser
Acetic acid, sodium salt, trihydrate
NaAc
SODA CAUSTIC
Sodium acetate crystal
SODIUM ACETATE 3H2O
SODIUM ACETATE, TRIHYDRATE
SODIUM ACETATE, TRIHYDRATE, REAGENT (ACS)
lnkM
abs9264
Plasmafusin
Thomaegelin
Natrii acetas
Acetic acid sodium salt trihydrate
Sodium acetate trihydrate



SODIUM ACETATE TRIHYDRATE
Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Sodium acetate trihydrate, NaCH3COO, also abbreviated NaOAc, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. This colorless deliquescent salt has a wide range of uses. Applications of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Biotechnological Sodium acetate trihydrate is used as the carbon source for culturing bacteria. Sodium acetate trihydrate is also useful for increasing yields of DNA isolation by ethanol precipitation. Industrial Sodium acetate trihydrate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams and also as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning and helps to impede vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity. Concrete longevity Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to mitigate water damage to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the commonly used epoxy alternative for sealing concrete against water permeation. Food Sodium acetate trihydrate may be added to food as a seasoning, sometimes in the form of sodium diacetate, a one-to-one complex of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid, given the E-number E262. It is often used to give potato chips a salt and vinegar flavor. Sodium acetate trihydrate (anhydrous) is widely used as a shelf-life extending agent, pH control agent. It is safe to eat at low concentration. Buffer solution A solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate (a basic salt of acetic acid) and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH level. This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH-dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4–6). Heating pad A hand warmer containing a supersaturated solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate which releases heat upon crystallization Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in heating pads, hand warmers, and hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate crystals melt at 136.4 °F/58 °C (to 137.12 °F/58.4 °C), dissolving in their water of crystallization. When they are heated past the melting point and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature without forming crystals. By pressing on a metal disc within the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed, causing the solution to crystallize back into solid Sodium acetate trihydrate. The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic. The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg. Unlike some types of heat packs, such as those dependent upon irreversible chemical reactions, a Sodium acetate trihydrate heat pack can be easily reused by immersing the pack in boiling water for a few minutes, until the crystals are completely dissolved, and allowing the pack to slowly cool to room temperature. Preparation A crystal of Sodium acetate trihydrate (length 1.7 centimetres) For laboratory use, Sodium acetate trihydrate is inexpensive and usually purchased instead of being synthesized. It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid, commonly in the 5–8% solution known as vinegar, with sodium carbonate ("washing soda"), sodium bicarbonate ("baking soda"), or sodium hydroxide ("lye", or "caustic soda"). Any of these reactions produce Sodium acetate trihydrate and water. When a sodium and carbonate ion-containing compound is used as the reactant, the carbonate anion from sodium bicarbonate or carbonate, reacts with hydrogen from the carboxyl group (-COOH) in acetic acid, forming carbonic acid. Carbonic acid readily decomposes under normal conditions into gaseous carbon dioxide and water. This is the reaction taking place in the well-known "volcano" that occurs when the household products, baking soda and vinegar, are combined. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2CO3H2CO3 → CO2 + H2O Industrially, Sodium acetate trihydrate is prepared by reacting acetic acid with sodium hydroxide using water as the solvent. CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2O Reactions Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used to form an ester with an alkyl halide such as bromoethane: CH3COONa + BrCH2CH3 → CH3COOCH2CH3 + NaBr Sodium acetate trihydrate undergoes decarboxylation to form methane (CH4) under forcing conditions (pyrolysis in the presence of sodium hydroxide): CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3 Calcium oxide is the typical catalyst used for this reaction. Caesium salts also catalyze this reaction. Properties of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Chemical formula C2H3NaO2 Molar mass 82.034 g·mol−1 Appearance White deliquescent powder Odor Vinegar (acetic acid) odor when heated to decomposition Density 1.528 g/cm3 (20 °C, anhydrous) 1.45 g/cm3 (20 °C, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate) Melting point 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K) (Sodium Acetate Trihydrate) Boiling point 122 °C (252 °F; 395 K) (Sodium Acetate Trihydrate) decomposes Solubility in water Trihydrate: 32.9 g/100 mL (-10 °C) 36.2 g/100 mL (0 °C) 46.4 g/100 mL (20 °C) 82 g/100 mL (50 °C) Solubility Soluble in alcohol, hydrazine, SO2 Solubility in methanol 16 g/100 g (15 °C) 16.55 g/100 g (67.7 °C) Solubility in ethanol Trihydrate: 5.3 g/100 mL Solubility in acetone 0.5 g/kg (15 °C) Acidity (pKa) 24 (20 °C) 4.75 CH3COOH Basicity (pKb) 9.25 Magnetic susceptibility (χ) −37.6·10−6 cm3/mol Refractive index (nD) 1.464 Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is a moderately water soluble crystalline Sodium source that decomposes to Sodium oxide on heating. It is generally immediately available in most volumes. All metallic acetates are inorganic salts containing a metal cation and the acetate anion, a univalent (-1 charge) polyatomic ion composed of two carbon atoms ionically bound to three hydrogen and two oxygen atoms (Symbol: CH3COO) for a total formula weight of 59.05. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds, catalysts, and nanoscale materials. We also produce Sodium Acetate Trihydrate Solution. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water. Sodium acetate Trihydrate could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions. Medically, sodium acetate is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously. Sodium Acetate Trihydrate is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients. It can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization. In water, liberates 42.25% available acetic acid; it is bound compound of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid. Injection, USP 40 mEq is indicated as a source of sodium, for addition to large volume intravenous fluids to prevent or correct hyponatremia in patients with restricted or no oral intake. It is also useful as an additive for preparing specific intravenous fluid formulas when the needs of the patient cannot be met by standard electrolyte or nutrient solutions. Sodium acetate trihydrate and other bicarbonate precursors are alkalinising agents, and can be used to correct metabolic acidosis, or for alkalinisation of the urine. Sodium acetate trihydrate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of acetic acid. Sodium acetate trihydrate anhydrous disassociates in water to form sodium ions (Na+) and acetate ions. Sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in fluid and electrolyte replacement therapies. Sodium acetate trihydrate anhydrous is used as an electrolyte replenisher in isosmotic solution for parenteral replacement of acute losses of extracellular fluid without disturbing normal electrolyte balance. In liver, Sodium acetate trihydrate is being metabolized into bicarbonate. To form bicarbonate, acetate is slowly hydrolyzed to carbon dioxide and water, which are then converted to bicarbonate by the addition of a hydrogen ion. The technical grade is prepared synthetically by reacting sodium carbonate with acetic acid. Special grades are produced by reacting anhydrous Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid. There are several commercial grades of Sodium acetate trihydrate. Anhydrous 99.0% purity is available as technical, USP and photo grade. Photo grade has a more narrow particle size distribution and the particle density is greater and more uniform. Sodium acetate trihydrate 60% is available as technical, NF, and Food Chemicals Codex. In the form of clean fine crystals, this trihydrate contains about 40% water of crystallization. Residues of Sodium acetate trihydrate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a buffer in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Sodium acetate trihydrate is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. Residues of Sodium acetate trihydrate are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a buffer in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, incl Sodium acetate trihydrate, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 and 507 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. Substances migrating to food from cotton and cotton fabrics used in dry food packaging that are generally recognised as safe for their intended use include Sodium acetate trihydrate. Sodium acetate trihydrate used as a general purpose food additivin animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. Systemically administered acetate has been shown to cause motor impairment, an effect which is blocked by the adenosine receptor blocker, 8-phenyltheophylline. The effects of Sodium acetate trihydrate were investigated using intracellualr recording techniques in rat hippocampal dentate granule cells, and were compared to the actions of ethanol and adenosine individually and in conjunction with 8-phenyltheophylline. Acetate hyperpolarized the membrane of 0.4-0.8 mM. The amplitude and duration of the postspike train after hyperpolarization were increased by acetate when the cell was repolarized to the control resting membrane potential. Comparable results were seen in voltage clamp. Acetate also decreased spike frequency adaptation. The effects of acetate were mimicked by adenosine (50 uM) and ethanol (20 mM). The ethanol effects occluded those produced by acetate. All of the effects of acetate, adenosine and ethanol could be inhibited with prior perfusion of 8-phenyltheophylline (1-10 uM). These data suggest that the actions of the major metabolite of ethanol, acetate, and adenosine may be mediated by adenosine receptor activation. Sodium acetate trihydrate was evaluated using the Chernoff/Kavlock in vivo teratology screen procedure. End points analyzed as part of this assay were maternal toxicity and early postnatal growth/viability of offspring. Thirty pregnant CD 1 mice were given 1000 mg/kg/day of Sodium acetate trihydrate by gavage on days 8-12 of gestation and allowed to deliver. Forty vehicle-treated animals were used as controls. Sodium acetate trihydrate induced no observable adverse effects in the dams or their offspring when compared with controls. Sodium acetate trihydrate, tested on rabbit eyes as 0.1 M solution adjusted to pH 7.0 to 7.5 and made 0.46 osmolar with sodium chloride or sucrose, caused no disturbance of the cornea, though applied continuously for 3 hr. Subchronic or Prechronic Exposure/ ...Groups of three to four rats survived for 14 days when given 1800 mg/kg body weight per day of free acid intragastrically or 4200 - 4800 mg/kg body weight of Sodium acetate trihydrate, but survived only three to five days on daily intra-gastric doses of 2400 mg/kg body weight of free acid. Animals lost weight and showed blistered paws and reddened noses before death at fourteen days. Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Male rats given oral doses of 350 mg/kg body weight of Sodium acetate trihydrate three times weekly for 63 days, then 140 mg/kg body weight three times weekly for 72 days showed no signs of tumors after 135 days. APPLICATIONS of Sodium acetate trihydrate Crystallization grade Sodium acetate trihydrate for formulating screens or for optimization FEATURES of Sodium acetate trihydrate Sterile filtered solution Formulated in Type 1+ ultrapure water: 18.2 megaohm-cm resistivity at 25°C, < 5 ppb Total Organic Carbon, bacteria free (<1 Bacteria (CFU/ml)), pyrogen free (<0.03 Endotoxin (EU/ml)), RNase-free (< 0.01 ng/mL) and DNase-free (< 4 pg/µL) Sodium acetate trihydrate is another chemical, which may be prepared in shop-floor by reacting sodium hydroxide with acetic acid in cold water. Sodium acetate trihydrate Anhydrous is the anhydrous, sodium salt form of acetic acid. Sodium acetate trihydrate anhydrous disassociates in water to form sodium ions (Na+) and acetate ions. Sodium is the principal cation of the extracellular fluid and plays a large part in fluid and electrolyte replacement therapies. Sodium acetate trihydrate anhydrous is used as an electrolyte replenisher in isosmotic solution for parenteral replacement of acute losses of extracellular fluid without disturbing normal electrolyte balance. Sodium acetate trihydrate is chemically designated CH3COONa, a hygroscopic powder very soluble in water. Sodium acetate trihydrate could be used as additives in food, industry, concrete manufacture, heating pads and in buffer solutions. Medically, Sodium acetate trihydrate is important component as an electrolyte replenisher when given intravenously. It is mainly indicated to correct sodium levels in hyponatremic patients. It can be used also in metabolic acidosis and for urine alkalinization. Sodium acetate trihydrate is an organic sodium salt. It contains an acetate. Sodium acetate trihydrate (anhydrous) is widely used as a shelf-life extending agent, pH control agent. What is Sodium acetate trihydrate (anhydrous) (CH3COONa)? Acetic acid has been said to prevent bacteria cultivation and therefore has been used not only to add sour taste but to preserve food. Sodium acetate trihydrate is a food additive obtained by neutralization of acetic acid. When used as a food additive, Sodium acetate trihydrate can be indicated by its group name, substance name, or abbreviated name according to the purpose of use. What is a shelf-life extending agent? A sanitizer, antioxidant, and preservative are used to maintain the quality of food. As specified in the regulation in regard to food labeling, an antioxidant and preservative are indicated with the application name as “preservative, etc.” The use of many of these agents is restricted so they are not available to some food. A shelf-life extending agent, indicated only with its name (Sodium acetate trihydrate), functions like these agents, giving slightly moderate effects. It is highly safe and its use is not restricted. Sodium acetate trihydrate can prevent bacteria cultivation in a wide range of acidic region. It also functions as a buffer as well. When used to add sour taste to food, acetic acid is generally selected, but combination of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid can make the taste mild. Uses for Sodium acetate trihydrate Sodium acetate trihydrate is the sodium salt of acetic acid. It has the chemical formula C2H3O2Na and is also known as sodium ethanoate. It is an inexpensive chemical that has a wide range of uses, including as a food additive and pickling agent or a laboratory reagent. It is also the prime ingredient in portable, reusable, chemical-based heating packs. Food Additive Sodium acetate trihydrate is added to food to help prevent bacterial growth. As an acid, it acts as a neutralizing agent for basic or alkaline foods and can also act as a buffer to help maintain a specific pH. The sodium can also be used to enhance flavors. Unlike many food additives, Sodium acetate trihydrate has no known adverse effects. Pickling Agent Pickling is method of preserving food that not only stops or greatly slows down spoiling caused by microorganisms, but it is a food preservation method that can also enhance flavor. The use of Sodium acetate trihydrate in pickling is similar to its use as a more simple food additive, but picking uses Sodium acetate trihydrate in much greater quantities and for longer periods of time. Essentially, food to be pickled, such as a cucumber, is soaked in an acid solution. This imparts a very salty or sour taste. The salty taste comes from the sodium ions, and the sour taste comes from the acetate ions, the ion of acetic acid. Laboratory Use Sodium acetate trihydrate is a very common reagent used in molecular biology and biochemistry labs, among others. Colorado State University notes that researchers use it to extra DNA from cells. The positive sodium cations bind to the negative phosphate charges on the DNA, helping the DNA to condense. In the presence of ethanol, or similar alcohol, DNA forms a precipitate that can then be separated from the aqueous layer. Industrial Use Sodium acetate trihydrate neutralizes the very strong sulfuric acid found in waste streams. It can be used in certain photography processes, helping impart a particular pattern of coating on surfaces. On metallic surfaces, it can help remove impurities, stains, rust or scale and can also aid in the tanning process of leather, as well as cure chloroprene, a synthetic rubber product. Heating Pad Those chemical heating pads or hand warmers that you can find at the drug store consist of a supersaturated solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate in water. Manufacturers place a flat, notched, metal disc in the solution. Flexing or moving the disk releases a very small amount of crystals of Sodium acetate trihydrate that have adhered to the disk. These crystals then start a chain reaction of crystallization with the rest of the Sodium acetate trihydrate. This reaction occurs quickly, releasing a lot of energy stored in the Sodium acetate trihydrate crystal framework. When the Sodium acetate trihydrate molecules crystallize, forming a solid, heat is released. The pad is reusable as the Sodium acetate trihydrate can return to the supersaturated liquid state by soaking the heating pad in boiling water and then allowing it to slowly cool to room temperature. During the process, a small amount of Sodium acetate trihydrate crystals will reform on the notched ferrous disk, while the rest of the Sodium acetate trihydrate will exist in the supersaturated liquid state, ready to be reactivated. Sodium acetate trihydrate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc, also sodium ethanoate, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Its CAS NO is 127-09-3.This colourless salt has a wide range of uses. Sodium acetate trihydrate is a common chemical that has a wide variety of uses in several industries, including medical, food, textile, health and beauty,. It is the derivative of sodium from acetic acid. 1. Medical Use Sodium acetate trihydrate can serve as a form of sodium for intravenous use, when doctors need to prevent or manage hyponatremia, the condition of having low sodium in the blood. It is also used in certain combinations for use with renal dialysis. 2. Food Preparation Use Sodium acetate trihydrate can give salt and vinegar chips their flavor, while also acting as a preservative. The food industry also uses it to improve the flavor of meat and poultry. During food processing, Sodium acetate trihydrate also helps regulate some of the pH levels in certain food products. It has even been said to reduce the risk of hangover when added to alcoholic products. 3. Cosmetic Use In the health and beauty industry, Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to make soap and a variety of cosmetic products. This is due to its good buffering and neutralizing components. 4. It’s in the Water More recently, Sodium acetate trihydrate is being used for water treatment, as opposed to the less environmentally-friendly methanol. Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to reduce the damage water can potentially do to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the epoxy alternative that is usually employed for sealing concrete against water permeation. 5. Textile Use The textile industry has a lot of use for Sodium acetate trihydrate as it is able to remove calcium salts, which then lengthens the life of the finished fabric. Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams, and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning, and it helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity. 6. Buffer solution As the conjugate base of acetic acid, a solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH. This is useful especially in biochemical applications where reactions are pH dependent in a mildly acidic range (pH 4-6). 7. Heating pad Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in consumer heating pads or hand warmers and is also used in hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate trihydrate crystals melt at 58.4°C, (to 58°C ) dissolving in their water of crystallization. When they are heated past the melting point and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature without forming crystals. By clicking on a metal disc in the heating pad, a nucleation centre is formed which causes the solution to crystallize into solid Sodium acetate trihydrate trihydrate again. The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic. The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg. Unlike some other types of heat packs that depend on irreversible chemical reactions, Sodium acetate trihydrate heat packs can be easily recharged by placing in boiling water for a few minutes until all crystals are dissolved; they can be reused many times. Sodium acetate trihydrate Solutions are moderate to highly concentrated liquid solutions of Sodium acetate trihydrate. They are an excellent source of Sodium acetate trihydrate for applications requiring solubilized materials. Acetates are excellent precursors for production of ultra high purity compounds and certain catalyst and nanoscale (nanoparticles and nanopowders) materials. Acetates are also proving useful in the field of solar energy technologies: in January 2013, researchers at the Harbin Institute of Technology's Shenzhen Graduate School found that inserting ultrathin film layers of lithium acetate vastly improved the performance Bulk Quantity Acetate Solution Packagingof polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells. American Elements can prepare dissolved homogeneous solutions at customer specified concentrations or to the maximum stoichiometric concentration. Packaging is available in 55 gallon drums, smaller units and larger liquid totes. American Elements maintains solution production facilities in the United States, Northern Europe (Liverpool, UK), Southern Europe (Milan, Italy), Australia and China to allow for lower freight costs and quicker delivery to our customers. American Elements metal and rare earth compound solutions have numerous applications, but are commonly used in petrochemical cracking and automotive catalysts, water treatment, plating, textiles, research, and in optic, laser, crystal and glass applications. We also produce Sodium acetate trihydrate Powder. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Sodium acetate trihydrate Chemical Properties,Uses,Production Description of Sodium acetate trihydrate Sodium acetate trihydrate (CH3COONa) is the sodium salt of acetic acid. Sodium acetate trihydrate appears as a colorless deliquescent salt with a wide range of applications. In industry, it can be used in textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams and as a photoresist upon using aniline dyes. In concrete industry, it can be used as a concrete sealant to mitigate the water damage. In food, it can be used as a seasoning. It can also be used as a buffer solution in lab. In addition, it is also used in heating pads, hand warmers and hot ice. For laboratory use, it can be produced by the reaction between acetate with the sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium hydroxide. In industry, it is prepared from the glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide. Chemical Properties of Sodium acetate trihydrate Anhydrous salt is a colorless crystalline solid; density 1.528 g/cm3; melts at 324°C; very soluble in water; moderately soluble in ethanol. The colorless crystalline trihydrate has a density 1.45 g/cm3; decomposes at 58°C; is very soluble in water; pH of 0.1M aqueous solution is 8.9; moderately soluble in ethanol, 5.3 g/100mL. Chemical Properties of Sodium acetate trihydrate Sodium acetate trihydrate, CH3COONa, also abbreviated NaOAc , also sodium ethanoate, is the sodium salt of acetic acid. This colourless salt has a wide range of uses. Chemical Properties Sodium acetate trihydrate is odorless or has a faint acetous odor. Sodium acetate trihydrate effloresces in warm, dry air. Physical properties of Sodium acetate trihydrate Anhydrous salt is a colorless crystalline solid; density 1.528 g/cm3; melts at 324°C; very soluble in water; moderately soluble in ethanol. The colorless crystalline trihydrate has a density 1.45 g/cm3; decomposes at 58°C; is very soluble in water; pH of 0.1M aqueous solution is 8.9; moderately soluble in ethanol, 5.3 g/100mL. Occurrence of Sodium acetate trihydrate Acetic acid or acetates are present in most plant and animal tissues in small, but detectable amounts Uses of Sodium acetate trihydrate Sodium acetate trihydrate is a source of acetic acid that is obtained as crystals or powder. it has a solubility of 1 g in 0.8 ml of water. Sodium acetate trihydrate, Anhydrous is a source of acetic acid obtained as a granular powder. it has a solubility of 1 g in 2 ml of water. Uses This colorless crystal, also known as sodium ethanoate or acetate of soda, was made by the reaction of acetic acid with sodium carbonate. It is soluble in water but less so in alcohol. Sodium acetate trihydrate was used as a pH modifier for toning baths. Uses Sodium acetate trihydrate is a mordant in dyeing. Other applications are in photography, as an additive to food, in purification of glucose, in preservation of meat, in tanning, and as a dehydrating agent. In analytical chemistry it is used to prepare buffer solution. Sodium acetate trihydrate can be used to preserve processed meats and it is often used in combination with other acid based preservatives like lactates and propionates. The typical inclusion level is 0.2 to 0.5%. Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in salad dressings and ready-to-eat meals. Uses Used as buffers. Acidity regulation (buffering) Sodium acetate trihydrate mixed with acetic acid forms a pH buffer, which can be used to stabilise the pH of foods in the pH-range from 3 to 6. The table below gives indicative values of the composition needed to give a certain pH. The mixtures below can be diluted at least 10 times with minimum effect on pH, however, the stability decreases. Preparation of Sodium acetate trihydrate Sodium acetate trihydrate is prepared by reacting sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate with acetic acid in aqueous solution. The solution is evaporated to obtain hydrated crystals of Sodium acetate trihydrate. NaOH + CH3COOH → CH3COONa + H2O Na2CO3 + CH3COOH → 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O Definition of Sodium acetate trihydrate A white solid prepared by the neutralization of ethanoic acid with either sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide. Sodium ethanoate reacts with sulfuric acid to form sodium hydrogensulfate and ethanoic acid; with sodium hydroxide it gives rise to sodium carbonate and methane. Sodium ethanoate is used in the dyeing industry. Application of Sodium acetate trihydrate 2 - 1 - Industrial Sodium acetate trihydrate is used in the textile industry to neutralize sulfuric acid waste streams, and as a photoresist while using aniline dyes. It is also a pickling agent in chrome tanning, and it helps to retard vulcanization of chloroprene in synthetic rubber production. In processing cotton for disposable cotton pads, Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to eliminate the buildup of static electricity. 2 - 2 - Concrete longevity Sodium acetate trihydrate is used to reduce the damage water can potentially do to concrete by acting as a concrete sealant, while also being environmentally benign and cheaper than the epoxy alternative that is usually employed for sealing concrete against water permeation. 2 - 3 - Food Sodium acetate trihydrate may be added to foods as a seasoning. It may be used in the form of sodium diacetate — a 1:1 complex of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid, given the E-number E262. A frequent use is to impart a salt and vinegar flavor to potato chips. 2 - 4 - Buffer solution As the conjugate base of acetic acid, a solution of Sodium acetate trihydrate and acetic acid can act as a buffer to keep a relatively constant pH. 2 - 5 - Heating pad Sodium acetate trihydrate is also used in consumer heating pads or hand warmers and is also used in hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate trihydrate crystals melt at 58.4°C , (to 58°C ) dissolving in their water of crystallization. When they are heated to around 100°C, and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of cooling to room temperature with out forming crystals. Preparation of Sodium acetate trihydrate For laboratory use, Sodium acetate trihydrate is very inexpensive, and is usually purchased instead of being synthesized. It is sometimes produced in a laboratory experiment by the reaction of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) with sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or sodium hydroxide. These reactions produce aqueous Sodium acetate trihydrate and water. Carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction with sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and it leaves the reaction vessel as a gas (unless the reaction vessel is pressurized). This is the well-known "volcano" reaction between baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and vinegar. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 → CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 Industrially, Sodium acetate trihydrate is prepared from glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide. CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COON
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is mapped to human chromosome 21q21.3.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate encodes a integral membrane protein.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is a soluble protein generated by sequential cleavage with α and γ secretase.

CAS: 7758-16-9
MF: H5NaO7P2
MW: 201.97
EINECS: 231-835-0

Disodium pyrophosphate or sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallized from water, Sodium acid pyrophosphate forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate:
2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O

Sodium acid pyrophosphate Chemical Properties
Melting point: decomposes 220℃ [MER06]
Density: (hexahydrate) 1.86
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: -70°C
Solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: white powder
Color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water. Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09
Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H4O7P2.H/c;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6;/h;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6);
InChIKey: IQTFITJCETVNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.420 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 7758-16-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium acid pyrophosphate (7758-16-9)

Disodium dihydrogendiphosphate, disodium diphosphate, acidic sodium pyrophosphate, Na2H2P2O7, Mr 221.97, d 2.31.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate's solubility in water is 13g Na2H2P2O7/100g H2O at 20 °C, and 20g at 80°C.
The pH of a 1% aqueous solution is 4.1.
The usual commercial product is the anhydrous, nonhygroscopic salt in powder form.
The hexahydrate, Na2H2P2O7.6H2O, d 1.85, crystallizes from aqueous solution below 27 °C.
Above this temperature, Sodium acid pyrophosphate is converted to the anhydrous form.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used as a (tropically stable) acid carrier in baking powder, for improvement of flow properties in flour, for pH regulation, and in dental care products for prevention of tartar formation.

Physical and Chemical Properties
White monoclinic crystalline powder or molten solid.
The relative density was 1.86.
Soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.
The aqueous solution is hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid by heating with dilute inorganic acid.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is slightly hygroscopic and forms six crystalline hydrates after water absorption.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is decomposed when heated above 220 °c.
Aluminum and/or calcium salts may be included in appropriate amounts to control the rate of reaction when used as a bulking agent.

Uses
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is a leavening agent, preservative, sequestrant, and buffer which is mildly acidic with a ph of 4.1.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is also termed sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphate, and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is anhydrous form, pyrophosphate salt used in buffers.

Food uses
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:

Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, SAPP is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.

Sodium acid pyrophosphatee in baking powder, New Zealand, 1950s
Sodium acid pyrophosphate and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).
In the United States, Sodium acid pyrophosphate is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powder, Sodium acid pyrophosphate is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium acid pyrophosphate speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO2−) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings."

Other uses
In leather treatment, Sodium acid pyrophosphate can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, Sodium acid pyrophosphate facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
In petroleum production, Sodium acid pyrophosphate can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.

Preparation
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is produced from sodium dihydrogenmonophosphate by heating at 200-250℃:
Na2CO3+2H3PO4→2NaH2PO4+H2O+CO2↑
2NaH2PO4→Na2H2P2O7+H2O

Food-grade soda ash is added to the neutralizer, heated and dissolved under stirring, then food-grade phosphoric acid is added for neutralization reaction, and the end point pH of the reaction is controlled to be 4~4.4 to generate sodium dihydrogen phosphate, the solution was filtered at 70-80 °c, the filtrate was concentrated by evaporation, cooled to crystallize, centrifuged, and dried at 95 °c to form anhydrous sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
Then, polymerization is carried out by heating at 140 to 200 ° C., and conversion to disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate is sufficient.

Biochem/physiol Actions
Amyloid precursor protein α is an α-secretase-cleaved soluble protein that has been shown to have neuroprotective properties.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate is derived from amyloid precursor protein.
The protein consists of 612 amino acids.
Several G protein-coupled receptors are known to activate α-secretase-dependent processing of APP.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotrophic functions.
Amyloid precursor protein a also stimulates gene expression and protein expression.

Synonyms
7758-16-9
Disodium diphosphate
Sodium acid pyrophosphate
Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt
Disodium acid pyrophosphate
Dinatriumpyrophosphat
Dinatriumpyrophosphat [German]
Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate
Disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate
HSDB 377
Pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt
H5WVD9LZUD
UNII-H5WVD9LZUD
Sodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7)
EINECS 231-835-0
disodium;[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate
EC 231-835-0
MFCD00014246
Disodiumpytophosphate
Sodium diphosphate dibasic
disodium hydrogen (hydrogen phosphonatooxy)phosphonate
Grahamsches salz
Sodium pyrophosphate, di-
DSSTox_CID_8842
sodium dihydrogendiphosphate
DSSTox_RID_78658
DSSTox_GSID_28842
SODIUMACIDPYROPHOSPHATE
H2O7P2.2Na
H4O7P2.2Na
Sodium pyrophosphate, dibasic
Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
H4-O7-P2.2Na
CHEMBL3184949
DTXSID7044261
EINECS 272-808-3
Tox21_200813
DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB]
DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI]
DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF]
AKOS015916169
AKOS024418779
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [MI]
Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2)
LS-2432
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC]
NCGC00258367-01
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF]
CAS-68915-31-1
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (E450)

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP), with the European food additive number E450, is a chemical compound commonly used in the food industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid.
The molecular formula for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate is Na2H2P2O7.

CAS Number: 7758-16-9
EC Number: 231-835-0



APPLICATIONS


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is extensively used as a leavening agent in the baking industry to promote the rising of dough in various baked goods.
In the production of cakes, muffins, and pancakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) contributes to achieving a light and airy texture, enhancing the overall quality of baked products.
Instant mashed potatoes benefit from Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, which aids in improving rehydration and texture, resulting in smoother and creamier consistency.

Processed meats, such as sausages and deli products, utilize Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) to enhance texture and moisture retention during processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) finds application in the preparation of instant puddings and dessert mixes, contributing to the desired texture and consistency.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) acts as an emulsifier in certain processed foods, improving the dispersion of fat and enhancing overall product texture.

As a sequestrant, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in canned fruits and vegetables to maintain color, prevent discoloration, and preserve visual appeal.
In the dairy industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in certain cheese products to prevent caking and improve meltability, contributing to a smooth and creamy texture.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain beverages to stabilize color and prevent sedimentation, improving the overall visual quality.
Instant noodles benefit from Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450), which aids in enhancing cooking characteristics and texture during the manufacturing process.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) contributes to the stabilization of certain sauces and dressings, preventing separation and ensuring product uniformity.
In the pet food industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used as a processing aid to improve the consistency and palatability of pet food products.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the production of gelatin desserts, aiding in gel formation and texture improvement.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in water treatment processes to prevent scale formation, contributing to improved water quality.

In the pharmaceutical industry, it may find application in certain formulations as a stabilizing and buffering agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in household cleaning products to enhance their effectiveness in breaking down stains and soils.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the construction industry in certain cement formulations to improve workability.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in oil well drilling fluids to control viscosity and improve fluid properties.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the metal finishing industry as a dispersant and buffering agent in electroplating solutions.
In the textile industry, E450 may be used in certain dyeing processes to enhance color fastness.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the production of certain cleaning products to improve their soil suspension properties.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) finds use in the cosmetics industry in the formulation of certain personal care products for stability and texture enhancement.
In the agricultural industry, it may be applied in certain fertilizer formulations to improve nutrient dispersion and availability.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the formulation of certain adhesives and sealants to improve their consistency and stability.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the production of certain fire extinguishing agents, contributing to their stability and dispersion properties.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate is commonly used in the production of instant rice and pasta dishes, where it contributes to the cooking characteristics and texture of the final products.
In the seafood processing industry, E450 is utilized to enhance the texture of surimi-based products, such as imitation crab meat.
Certain whipped toppings and frostings for baked goods benefit from the stabilizing properties of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, preventing collapse and maintaining structure.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the manufacturing of certain cosmetic and personal care products, including toothpaste, contributing to their texture and stability.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in the leather industry during specific tanning processes to improve the penetration of tanning agents.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) finds application in the production of certain photographic developers, acting as a buffering and stabilizing agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the formulation of certain ink products, contributing to the stability of pigments and preventing settling.

In the ceramics industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate may be used in glaze formulations to enhance fluidity and prevent settling.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the production of certain fire extinguishing agents, where its stability and dispersion properties are advantageous.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the formulation of certain adhesives and sealants to improve their consistency and stability over time.
In the construction industry, it may find use in certain mortar formulations to enhance workability and setting time.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain metal cleaning formulations, where it helps prevent scale buildup and improves the efficiency of cleaning processes.
The stability of certain metal coatings is enhanced by the addition of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, preventing adhesion issues and corrosion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the manufacturing of certain cutting fluids, improving their cooling and lubricating properties during machining processes.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in the formulation of certain corrosion inhibitors, contributing to the effectiveness of protective coatings.
In the electronics industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be added to certain solder pastes to improve consistency and prevent separation of components.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in certain hydraulic fluids to enhance lubrication and stability during operation.
In the agricultural sector, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be included in certain fertilizer formulations to improve nutrient dispersion in soil.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) finds application in the formulation of certain wood adhesives, contributing to improved bonding properties.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in the production of certain detergents and cleaning products to improve soil suspension and cleaning efficiency.

In the textile industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be applied in dyeing processes to improve the penetration and fixation of dyes on fabrics.
The stability of certain air fresheners and deodorizers is enhanced by including Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate in their formulations.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the production of certain hydraulic fracturing fluids in the oil and gas industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in certain hydraulic drilling muds to control viscosity and improve fluid properties during drilling operations.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the formulation of certain wood preservatives, contributing to the protection of wood against decay and pests.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is a common ingredient in the formulation of certain bath salts, contributing to their texture and dissolving properties.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) finds application in the production of certain antifreeze formulations, where it helps prevent the precipitation of minerals and improves fluid stability.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in certain pharmaceutical formulations as a buffering agent, contributing to the stability and effectiveness of the medication.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain air fresheners and deodorizers to improve the dispersion and longevity of fragrance.

In the manufacturing of certain air-conditioning and refrigeration systems, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be used as a corrosion inhibitor.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the formulation of certain metal cleaners and polishes, improving their cleaning efficacy and preventing tarnish.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in the production of certain batteries as a stabilizing agent in electrolyte solutions.

In the electronics industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be included in the formulation of certain fluxes used in soldering processes to improve wetting and prevent oxidation.
Certain soldering pastes in the electronics industry may contain Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate to enhance the consistency and prevent separation of components.
The stability of certain electroplating solutions is improved by the addition of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450), contributing to consistent and high-quality plating results.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the formulation of certain metal coatings to enhance adhesion and prevent corrosion.
In the production of certain ceramics, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be used as a dispersant to improve the homogeneity of clay mixtures.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain fire-resistant hydraulic fluids to improve their stability and prevent degradation under high temperatures.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in the formulation of certain cutting fluids to improve cooling and lubrication during machining processes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) finds application in the production of certain corrosion inhibitors, contributing to the effectiveness of protective coatings on metal surfaces.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in certain wood preservatives to enhance the protection of wood against decay, insects, and environmental factors.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the formulation of certain detergents and cleaning products to improve soil suspension and cleaning performance.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the manufacturing of certain fertilizers to improve nutrient dispersion and availability in soil.
In the production of certain pesticides and herbicides, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used to improve stability and dispersion properties.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the formulation of certain hydraulic fluids to improve lubrication and stability.
In the construction industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be added to certain mortar formulations to improve workability and setting time.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the production of certain textile auxiliaries to enhance dyeing processes and improve color retention.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is used in the formulation of certain wood adhesives, contributing to improved bonding properties in woodworking applications.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain glazes in the ceramics industry to improve adhesion and prevent settling.
In the agricultural industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may find application in certain fertilizer formulations to enhance nutrient dispersion and promote plant growth.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the production of certain ceramics and pottery, acting as a flux to lower the melting point of materials.
In the creation of certain effervescent tablets and powders, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) contributes to the controlled release of gases, creating a fizzy effect.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the formulation of certain dietary supplements to enhance the stability of vitamins and minerals.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain cosmetic formulations, such as facial masks, for its texture-enhancing properties.

In the textile printing industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be used to improve the consistency of printing pastes and prevent clogging.
The stability of certain starch-based products is improved by the addition of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, preventing retrogradation.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the production of certain instant soup mixes, contributing to improved rehydration and texture.
In the creation of certain effervescent beverages, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) aids in the release of carbon dioxide, providing a bubbly sensation.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the manufacturing of certain toothpaste formulations to improve texture and consistency.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the formulation of certain pet grooming products for its emulsifying and stabilizing properties.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain pet foods to enhance texture and palatability, contributing to overall product quality.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be employed in the production of certain inkjet printing inks for improved dispersion.
In the creation of certain resin-based products, E450 may be used to control viscosity and improve flow characteristics.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the formulation of certain photographic toners, aiding in stabilization and preventing sedimentation.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in certain cosmetic and skincare products as a pH adjuster for product stability.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain hair care products, such as shampoos, to improve consistency and enhance lather.

In the formulation of certain candle wax blends, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be included to prevent crystallization and improve burning properties.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the production of certain air freshener gels, aiding in fragrance dispersion.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be utilized in the formulation of certain electrolyte solutions for batteries to enhance stability.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is added to certain ceramic glazes to improve adhesion and prevent settling during application.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the creation of certain metalworking fluids to improve lubrication and stability.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be used in the production of certain tablet coatings in the pharmaceutical industry for improved appearance and stability.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is utilized in the formulation of certain surfactant products to improve stability and prevent phase separation.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is applied in the production of certain dishwasher detergents for improved soil suspension.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) may be included in the formulation of certain paper coatings to enhance printability and prevent picking during printing processes.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP), with the European food additive number E450, is a chemical compound commonly used in the food industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid.
The molecular formula for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate is Na2H2P2O7.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is a white, crystalline powder or granules commonly used in the food industry.
With the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) plays a crucial role as a leavening agent in baking, contributing to the rising of dough in various baked goods.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is soluble in water, allowing for easy incorporation into different food formulations.
As an emulsifier, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) stabilizes and improves the texture of processed food products by facilitating the dispersion of fat.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) acts as a sequestrant, binding with metal ions in food to prevent undesirable reactions and maintain product quality.
In the baking industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is extensively used to achieve a light and fluffy texture in cakes, muffins, and pancakes.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the production of instant mashed potatoes to enhance rehydration and texture.
Processed meats benefit from Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) as it improves texture and aids in moisture retention.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is often found in certain beverages where its sequestrant properties contribute to stability.
Its multifunctional properties make Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate valuable in various processed foods, enhancing texture and stability.

With a CAS Registry Number of 7758-16-9, E450 is internationally identified for regulatory and reference purposes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is a versatile food additive approved for use in different regions and subject to specific regulatory guidelines.
The European Community Number (EC) associated with Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate is 231-835-0.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is odorless, adding to its versatility in food applications.
Its water solubility allows for uniform distribution in food products, ensuring consistent quality.
As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) contributes to the desirable volume and texture of baked goods, creating a pleasing mouthfeel.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is a key ingredient in the food industry, contributing to the sensory attributes of a wide range of products.

In instant puddings and dessert mixes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate aids in achieving the desired texture and consistency.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is carefully regulated to ensure safe usage in food products and adherence to specified limits.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is included in the ingredient lists of many processed foods, reflecting its widespread use.

Its role as a sequestrant is particularly valuable in preserving the color and quality of certain food items.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) is employed in the production of convenience foods where its leavening and stabilizing properties are advantageous.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450)'s versatility extends to its application in both sweet and savory food categories.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (E450) continues to be a subject of research, exploring new applications and improvements in food processing.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Na2H2P2O7
Common Names: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP, E450
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granules
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Odorless and tasteless
Solubility: Soluble in water
Molecular Weight: Approximately 221.94 g/mol
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Density: Varies based on specific form and hydration state
pH (1% Solution): Typically acidic (pH < 7)
Hygroscopicity: Hygroscopic (tends to absorb moisture from the air)
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Compatibility: Incompatible with strong acids and bases
Decomposition Temperature: Decomposes at elevated temperatures
Flammability: Non-flammable
Flash Point: Not applicable
Autoignition Temperature: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: Negligible
Vapor Density: Not applicable (solid at room temperature)
Partition Coefficient (Log Kow): Not applicable (low lipophilicity)
Reactivity: May react with incompatible substances, leading to the release of phosphine gas.
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive to metals under normal conditions
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; however, ingestion should be avoided.
Biodegradability: Not readily biodegradable



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Eye Contact:

Rinse eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention.


Note:

If first aid measures involve seeking medical attention, bring the safety data sheet (SDS) or information about the substance to the healthcare provider.
If a person is unconscious or showing severe symptoms, call emergency services immediately.


General Advice:

Be familiar with the properties and hazards of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate before handling.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and safety goggles.
Follow established safety protocols and procedures when working with the substance.
Always work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control exposure.


Important Points:

Never underestimate the importance of preventive measures to avoid exposure.
Seek professional medical advice if exposure occurs, and provide detailed information about the substance.
Training in proper handling procedures and first aid measures is essential for individuals working with chemicals.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear suitable protective clothing, including gloves and safety goggles or a face shield, to prevent skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a dust mask, if handling the substance in a dusty environment.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Avoid the inhalation of dust or vapors; use appropriate respiratory protection if necessary.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where the substance is handled to prevent accidental ingestion.

Spill and Leak Response:
In the event of a spill, use appropriate protective equipment to avoid direct contact.
Contain and collect the spilled material using non-combustible absorbent materials.
Dispose of collected material according to local regulations.

Avoid Incompatible Substances:
Keep Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate away from incompatible materials, including strong acids and bases.
Store away from moisture to prevent caking.

Handling Precautions:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices during handling.
Be cautious when transferring the substance to avoid generating dust.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Temperature Control:
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.
Store in a location where temperatures are within the specified range for the product.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store away from incompatible substances, especially strong acids and bases.
Keep separate from materials that may react with Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.

Containers:
Use containers made of compatible materials, such as plastic or stainless steel.
Ensure containers are labeled with proper hazard information.

Protection from Physical Damage:
Protect containers from physical damage or puncture that may compromise their integrity.
Store containers in a way that prevents them from falling or being knocked over.

Controlled Access:
Limit access to storage areas to trained personnel.
Store Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate in designated areas with proper signage indicating potential hazards.

Regular Inspection:
Periodically inspect storage areas for signs of damage, leaks, or other issues.
Address any concerns promptly to maintain a safe storage environment.

Emergency Response:
Ensure that spill response materials, such as absorbents and neutralizing agents, are readily available in the storage area.
Have appropriate firefighting equipment nearby in case of emergencies.

Documentation:
Keep accurate records of inventory, including dates of receipt and usage.
Maintain up-to-date safety data sheets (SDS) for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.



SYNONYMS


Sodium pyrophosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Tetrasodium diphosphate
Sodium diphosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate anhydrous
Disodium pyrophosphate
Sodium pyrophosphate dibasic
Tetrasodium diphosphate anhydrous
Disodium diphosphate
Pyrophosphoric acid sodium salt
Sodium acid pyrophosphate anhydrous
Sodium acid diphosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate hydrate
Disodium pyrophosphate anhydrous
Sodium diphosphate dibasic anhydrous
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate
Disodium diphosphate anhydrous
Tetrasodium diphosphate decahydrate
Disodium pyrophosphate hydrate
Sodium acid pyrophosphate decahydrate
Tetrasodium diphosphate hydrate
Disodium diphosphate decahydrate
Sodium acid pyrophosphate hydrate
Pyrophosphoric acid disodium salt
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic
Sodium acid diphosphate
Sodium pyrophosphate dibasic
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate hydrate
Sodium diphosphate decahydrate
Sodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic
Disodium diphosphate hydrate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate dibasic
Tetrasodium diphosphate tetrahydrate
Pyrophosphoric acid sodium salt decahydrate
Sodium diphosphate decahydrate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic decahydrate
Disodium pyrophosphate tetrahydrate
Sodium acid diphosphate hydrate
Tetrasodium diphosphate tetrabasic decahydrate
Sodium pyrophosphate dibasic decahydrate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic hydrate
Disodium diphosphate tetrabasic hydrate
Sodium acid pyrophosphate tetrabasic
Pyrophosphoric acid disodium salt tetrahydrate
Sodium diphosphate tetrabasic hydrate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate dibasic hydrate
Disodium pyrophosphate tetrabasic hydrate
Sodium diphosphate dibasic decahydrate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate dibasic decahydrate
Disodium pyrophosphate dibasic hydrate
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE)
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.


CAS Number: 7758-16-9
EC Number: 231-835-0
Chemical Formula: Na2H2P2O7



SYNONYMS:
Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt, Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, Disodium diphosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP, disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate, SAPP, SAPP Powder FCC PODR K SAPP-28, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate FCC Powder Kosher [SAPP 28], SAPP, Hi-B283, Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt, Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, Disodium diphosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP,
Diphosphoric Acid Disodium Salt, Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate, SAPP, Disodium pyrophosphate, Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, Disodium Diphosphate, Disodium Pyrophosphate, SAPP, Disodium Pyrophosphate, Disodium Diphosphate, Disodium Dihydrogen Diphosphate, Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate, Diphosphoric Acid, Disodium Salt, Pyrophosphoric Acid, Disodium Salt, Disodium pyrophosphate, Disodium diphosphate, Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, Acid sodium pyrophosphate Disodium, Disodium Pyrophosphate, Disodium Diphosphate, Disodium Dihydrogen Diphosphate, Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate, Diphosphoric Acid, Disodium Salt, Pyrophosphoric Acid, Disodium Salt, Diphosphoric Acid Disodium Salt, Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate, Disodium Pyrophosphate, E 450, SAPP, SAPP Food Grade, SAPP, DisodiuM pytophospha, Disodium Pyrophosphate, Disodium pytophosphate, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, Dentin sialophosphoprotein, Sodium pyrophosphate dibasic, disodium phosphonato phosphate, Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt, disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate, Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate, TwosodiuM pyrophosphatetwo hydrogen, SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DIBASIC BIOULTR, Food Grade Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, Amyloid Precursor Protein β, Secreted, di-sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate anhydrous, SodiuM pyrophosphate dibasic practical grade



Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is extensively used in food processing, as in canned seafood, cured meat, bakery and potato products, to adjust the pH, maintain color, improve flavour and improve the water-holding capacity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H2P2O2−7).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.


When crystallized from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Pyrophosphate is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate:
2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white, water-soluble that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallised from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) forms hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is available in a variety of grades that effect the speed of its action.
The leavening acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an important component of double acting baking powder, as well as self rising flour.
Store Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) in a cool, dry place.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white crystalline powder
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) also known as Di-sodium Di-phosphate is an inorganic compound of sodium and pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is white and soluble in water.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is manufactured with double drying process like other Pyrophosphates due to heating needed at a high temperature.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is White powder, soluble in water, acidic property appeared in aqueous solution.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white powder or granular.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is one of the most popular chemicals, especially as a food additive.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade), also known as disodium pyrophosphate, is a white, water-soluble solid with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7, which has many applications in the food industry.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) reacts in stages and is desirable in baking applications for its slow action.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an inorganic compound that is often used as a leavening agent in the baking industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white powder soluble in water giving acidic solutions.


Food Grade Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate is available in two grades; medium acting leavening powder (SAPP 28) and fast acting leavening powder (SAPP 40).
The two grades offer a selection based on their rate of reaction with bicarbonate during the mixing of doughs or batters.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anions.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a food additive whose role is to improve the quality and stability of food products.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is produced by partial neutralization of food phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to form monosodium phosphate, which is then dehydrated at 250°C to form sodium pyrophosphate acid.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) readily dissolves and forms the pyrophosphate anion, which then interacts with the proteins in a fully cooked mixture to create a moist texture.
Also, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) acts as a buffering agent for pulp in the pH range of 7.3 to 7.5, which affects the color of the final product.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is also known as disodium pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) has a dough reaction rate of 24 - 28.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is available in white, crystalline powder or granules, that are odorless and has a slightly acidic taste.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is white powder or granular in appearance.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is soluble in water.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.


When crystallized from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Both Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) and GDL have a slightly bitter aftertaste.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an emulsifying agent in cheeses and related products.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) accelerates the cooking in processed meat and poultry products.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a widely used acidic salt, which is used in a variety of baked and fried foods.


The ROR value of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is the gas production rate, which refers to sodium bicarbonate and sodium acid pyrophosphate, in the environment of wet dough, the amount of carbon dioxide actually released at 8 minutes accounts for the proportion of the total carbon dioxide volume released by the theory.


Pyrophosphate is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g., Ca2+.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.


The gas-producing rate of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a range value, not a fixed value, and is commonly expressed by ROR.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a medium-speed fermentation agent and is usually a high-demand product.
Value range 24-30, fast product ROR 40 range is 35-43, slow fermentation agent ROR 15 range is 13-17, the demand is very small.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade), also known as disodium pyrophosphate, is an inorganic compound composed of sodium cation and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white, water-soluble solid, commonly used as a buffer and chelating agent and has many applications in food processing industry.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) has a dough reaction rate of 24 - 28.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is white power.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a food-grade chemical often used in the culinary industry as a leavening agent, as well as an emulsifier, a buffering agent, and a texturizer.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is one of the two acid components used in commercial baking powder.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white powder commonly used in food processing to adjust the pH, maintain color, improve the water-holding capacity and reduce purge during retorting.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be applied to acid component of synthetic swelling agent, such as bread and cake.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol.
Solubility of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is 32.5% at 100°C.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade), also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is white crystalline powder, which has the relative density of 1.864 and can decompose into sodium metaphosphate when it is heated above 220℃.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is easily soluble in water and can form chelates with Cu2+ and Fe2+.
The aqueous solution of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid by heating with dilute sulfuric acid or dilute mineral acid.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an aerator grade of sodium acid pyrophosphate for bakery applications with a slow Rate of Reaction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) has a rate of reaction of 26 - 30% CO2 in 8 minutes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a crystalline acid salt Na2H2P2O7 of pyrophosphoric acid that has been added to hot dogs to give them color -called also sodium acid pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) prevents change in colour darkening in potatoes and sugar syrups.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is the slowest-acting sodium acid pyrophosphate.
Blended with other phosphates Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be applied to water retention of meat product, such as canned meat, cooked ham, and instant noodles.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is white monoclinic crystal fine powder, active melt, hygroscopic, soluble in water, and insoluble in ethanol.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a food moisture retention agent allowed by my country's regulations.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is anhydrous white powder, free flowing, odorless, tasteless and food-grade.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) meets the specifications of the current Code of Chemicals Food for sodium acid pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) may be used In non-dairy creams, SAPP NL-170, is added to protect the proteins from heat dehydration, to stabilize the fat emulsion, and to stabilize the product along with many other formulations.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is designated in the USA as generally recognized as safe for food use.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white granular powder that is used as a rapid fermenting agent.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used Leavening agent for bakery products, pH control in processed foods, Buffering agent, Emulsifier, and Nutrient.
In the food industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a buffer, leavening agent, chelating agent, stabilizer, emulsifier and color improver.


Canned food: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used buffering agent.
When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can shorten water resetting time and avoid stickiness and mushiness of the noodles.
When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).
In the United States, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.


In canned seafood, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in oil well drilling together with drilling mud to give a coating along the wall of the wells, by which the surface become hard and does not collapse while pipes are being inserted.
Common industrial uses include: Meat Processing, Potato-based Products, Dairy Products, Snacks, Bakery, and Seafood.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is commonly used in the food industry as a leavening agent, acidulant, or buffer.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) releases Carbon Dioxide slowly upon reaction with Sodium Bicarbonate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can also be used to maintain color in things like canned seafood or frozen potato products like hashbrowns.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used Baking Powder, Cake Mixes, Cupcakes, Doughnuts, Leavening Agent, and Refrigerated Dough.
Food additive: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used as a food additive to adjust pH, stabilize pH value, and play a role in preserving freshness and protecting food quality.


Metal surface treatment: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used as a metal surface treatment agent to remove oxides and rust, thereby improving the adhesion of the metal surface.
Chemical analysis: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used as a buffer and reagent in chemical analysis.


Ham: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used leavening agent
Meat: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used sequestrant agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is usually used in food processing industry.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used as baking powder, the fermentation speed can be fast or slow based on different uses.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can control fermentation speed and increase production intensity in baking products.
For instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can reduce the rehydration time of finished products, and make it not sticky.


For biscuits and pastries, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can shorten the fermentation time, reduce products damage rate, make the loose gap neat, as well as extend the storage period.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is also found in browns (frozen) to keep the color of the potatoes from fading.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a slow reacting aerator acidulant in conjunction with sodium bicarbonate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in cakes, a part of the gas is generated in the early stage, and a part of the gas is generated after heating in the later stage.


If there is too much gas in the early stage of baking, the volume will expand rapidly.
As a starter, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used for baking food, controlling fermentation speed, for instant noodles, reducing rehydration time of finished products, and not sticking to it.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used for biscuits and pastry, shortening fermentation time, reducing product breakage rate, loose and neat space, and prolonging storage period.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is commonly used as a leavening agent and is an important component of baking powder as well as flour itself.


Yeasts add air and volume to the baked product structure by reacting with baking soda to produce carbon dioxide gas and also change dough characteristics by creating ionic bonds with starches and dough proteins.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used as a leavening chemical to help bread rise.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in sausages to increase flavor and color.
In French fries, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) reduces levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide, according to an article from the Center for Science in the Public Interest.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) also prevents the discoloration of potatoes and sugar syrup and the formation of harmless struvite crystals in canned tuna.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can also be used in leather treatment.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in some dairy applications for cleaning purposes as well as in the oil production industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) may be used as leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
For industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is applied to oil area as a drilling fluid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in leather treatment to remove iron stains


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is widely used globally in food industry for baking reaction purpose
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is also used to stabilize the solution of hydrogen peroxide against reduction
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in petroleum industry as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) also has a wide use in dairy and poultry processes.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the taste.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is designated in the USA as generally recognized as safe for food use.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in canned seafood to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
At this time, the cake tissue has not yet condensed, and the finished product is easy to collapse and the tissue is thicker, but it cannot continue to expand in the later stage.


If using too much slow-speed Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade), the initial expansion will be slow, and after the product is condensed, part of the baking powder has not yet produced gas, making the cake small in size and losing the meaning of swelling.
The baking powder used for steamed buns and steamed buns needs to produce gas a little faster because the dough is relatively hard.


As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is applied to roast foodstuffs to control the fermentation speed.
In baking powder, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO−2) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a leavening acid in commercial baking powder.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used creating a buffing system in the dough provides a pH of 7.3-7.5 that affects the color of the cooked product.
As Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) acts slowly and does not react quickly with sodium bicarbonate, it is the most common acid used for baking flour products.


In addition to flour and bakery products, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in the production of biscuits, doughnut, pancakes, cakes, and baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.


In baking powdeer, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming the nitrous acid intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.


In leather treatment, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) in petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can also be found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as fast starter, water retention agent, quality improver, used in bread, biscuits and other baked food and meat, aquatic products, etc


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) enhances texture, leavening, and stability in a variety of food and industrial applications.
Meticulously formulated and rigorously tested, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) offers unparalleled quality, reliability, and performance, making it the preferred choice for professionals and industries worldwide.


As Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can have a slightly bitter taste, it is important to use sufficient baking soda in the formulation of products such as cakes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a separating agent in processed potatoes (It reduces carcinogenic chemicals called acrylamide in fried potatoes)


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) prevents color change in potatoes and sugar syrups.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) prevents the formation of steroid crystals in canned fish tones.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) has a dough reaction rate of 24 – 28.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) has a dough reaction rate of 34 - 38.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a fast acting leavening phosphate typically used in bakery applications such as cake doughnuts mixes, cake mixes, breadings, and batters.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time and can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and sea food processing.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used strengthen the feed nutrition .
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and sea food processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a chemical compound that has various applications in the food industry where one of the most common is being used as a leavening agent.


Moreover, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is also best used as an acidulant, emulsifier, buffering agent, and as a sequestrant.
For meat and aquatic products processing, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used as quality improver.
In the food industry as a rapid starter culture, quality improver, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used for bread, pastries and other synthetic leavening agents of acid components.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in food mainly for its two properties.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.


As a food-grade additive, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) helps control the pH levels in processed foods and is essential in the leavening of bakery products.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) reacts with baking soda to release carbon dioxide, which helps dough rise.


This property is especially valuable in products like cakes, pancakes, and biscuits.
Additionally, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used as a buffer, emulsifier, and nutrient in various food applications.
With other phosphate compound, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used for lunch meat, cooked ham, canned meat and other meat products, such as water retention agents, instant noodle rehydration agents.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a starter, for baking food and controlling the fermentation speed.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used for instant noodles to reduce the rehydration time of finished products, and it is not sticky or rotten.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used for biscuits and cakes, shorten the fermentation time, reduce the product damage rate, loosen and tidy the pores, and prolong the storage period.


Frequently used with slower-acting Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) to increase reaction rates
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) uses in food: Pies, Ice Creams, Puddings, Frozen Cakes, Pie Tops, Snacks, Muesli Bars, Fruit Twists, Fillings, Bases & Toppings, Instant Puddings, Self Saucing Puddings, Cake Mixes, Pancake Mixes, Muffin Mixes, Cookie Mixes, Cupcake Mixes, Baking Mixes, Instant Pasta & Sauces, Instant Soups, Waffles, Cookies.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a buffering and chelating agent used in canned seafood, as a scald agent in poultry and pork, as a sequesterant in potato products, and is used to aid leavening in baked goods.
In leather treatment Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against oxidation.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used for cleaning with sulphamic acid in some dairy applications.
In Petroleum production, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.


Canned seafood: Struvite crystal is occasionally found in canned seafood, and Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used to inhibit its formation, such as in canned tuna.
Generally, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as an acid component in baking powder; as a chelating agent or combines with other polyphosphates to sequester magnesium and iron ions, e.g. chelate iron during the processing of potatoes to prevent a dark discoloration.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a leavening agent, buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a leavening agent in bakery products; seafood canning and in potato treatment.


As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is applied to roast foodstuffs to control the fermentation speed.
In the bakery, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a slow leavening acid and it may contain a suitable aluminum and/or calcium salt to control the rate of reaction.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used bakery, Canned SeaFood, and Potato Products
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used together with baking powder as a leavening agent to release carbon dioxide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is ideal for refrigerated doughs, cakes, muffins and pancake mixes where a slow reaction rate is desired.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is mainly used in the bakery industry at a leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) may also be blended with other phosphates and used for water retention in processed meats, and used to maintain the appearance and texture of uncooked fruits and vegetables.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white, water-soluble solid, commonly used as a buffer and chelating agent and has many applications in food processing industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is developed specifically for use in canned, refrigerated biscuit doughs.
The CO2 release is extremely low - enabling doughs to be held for long periods, even at above normal temperatures.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a leavening agent in doughnuts, cakes and other prepared mixes.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is often used with fast-acting leavenings such as monocalcium phosphate in double-acting baking powder or sometimes added with another slow action leavening acid, GDL.
Frozen raw dough used in biscuits and bread products uses slow acidic Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade), which requires the release of carbon dioxide at a slower starting rate during preparation and packaging, and a large release of gas during baking.


Low gas rate means that Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) and sodium bicarbonate emit no more than 22% of the total carbon dioxide in 8 minutes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in the food industry as a raising agent for flat baked goods, such as cookies and crackers.
When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can shorten water resetting time and avoid stickiness and mushiness of the noodles.


When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) may shorten fermentation time,lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in canned seafood to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is in China in steamed buns and Chinese almond cookies.
In China Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is called edible or food-grade "smelly powder".
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is commonly used as an inexpensive nitrogen fertilizer in China


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is now being phased out in favor of urea for quality and stability.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can improve the complex metal ions, PH value and ionic strength of foods, thereby improving the adhesion and water holding capacity of foods,


In French Fries, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can reduce levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can also prevent discoloration of potatoes and syrup.
In canned tuna, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can prevent the formation of harmless struvite crystals.


In canned seafood, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can retain color during cooking and reduce cleaning.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) accelerates the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming a nitrous acid intermediate and can improve water retention.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in frozen hash browns and other potato products to prevent potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) may leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but adding calcium ions, sugar, or flavoring can mask the taste.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is also a basic fertilizer being a source of ammonia
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in food processing, as in canned seafood, cured meat and potato products, for adjust the pH, maintain color, improve the water-holding capacity and reduce purge during retorting


Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a fast fermentation agent, quality improver, puffer, buffer, etc. in food processing, and is often used as an acidic ingredient in synthetic puffing agents such as bread and pastries.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time and can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and sea food processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used bread, cakes, bread and other foods are characterized by spongy porous tissue to create a soft taste.


In order to achieve this, a sufficient amount of gas must be kept in the dough.
The water vapor produced by the heating of the air and moisture in the material mixture during baking can cause the product to produce some spongy tissue, but the amount of gas is far from enough.


The vast majority of the gas required is provided by puffing agents.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is commonly used compound puffer is a carbon dioxide gas produced by the action of sodium bicarbonate and acidic salts.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as buffer, leaven, quality modifier, ferment agent, emulsifier, and nutriment, adhesive and preservative in foods.
In food processing industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as buffering, swelling agent, chelating agent, stabilizers, emulsifier and color improver.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as baking powder in baking food to control the degree of fermentation and improve the production intensity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used for instant noodles to shorten the rehydration time of the finished product, so that instant noodles won’t be sticky or rotten.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in sausages to enhance flavor and color.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used in biscuits and cakes, it can shorten the fermentation time, reduce the product breakage rate, loosen the gaps neatly, and prolong the storage period.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as a quality improver for bakery foods such as bread, biscuits, meat and aquatic products, etc.


-Food uses:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:
Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.


-The cake class uses medium-speed type Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade), which produces a part of the gas in the early stage and then produces a part of the gas after heating.

If the initial baking gas production is too much, the volume is rapidly puffed, at this time the cake tissue has not condensed, the finished product is prone to collapse and the organization is thicker, and the latter can not continue to puff;

The fermentation used in the buns and buns, due to the relatively hard dough, needs to produce gas slightly faster, if the condensation after the production of gas too much, the finished product will appear "flowering" phenomenon.


-Potato products:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used to replace sulfur dioxide, sulfites and bisulfites to maintain the appearance and texture of cooked potato products.

The application of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) reduces the dark color from after-cooking darkening in cooked and processed potato products, such as in oil-blanched french fries and potato salad.

It is the naturally present or equipment iron that generates “after cooking darkening” in potatoes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) stabilizes the color of potatoes and prevents the iron complex from forming a dark pigment due to its strong sequestering properties.



PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white powder, relative density of 1.86.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.
If its aqueous solution is heated together with diluted inorganic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) will be hydrolyzed into phosphoric acid.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is hydroscopic,and when absorbing humidity it will become into a product with hexa-hydrates.
If Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is heated at a temperature above 220℃.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) will decomposed into sodium meta phosphate.



IS SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE) SAFE IN FOOD:
Studies have shown that people over the age of 18 are recommended to consume 700mg of phosphorus per day.
This intake can supply enough phosphorus for the formation of healthy bones and the processing of cellular energy.
Excessive amounts may lead to loss of bone mineral density and the ability to fully absorb dietary calcium.

Excessive phosphate intake may cause hyperphosphatemia, leading to hypocalcemia or other serious electrolyte imbalances.
Therefore, pyrophosphoric acid can’t be used in excess in food processing.
Since Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) or other phosphate food additives are dispersed in the prepared food in a standard amount, the intake of phosphorus is difficult to exceed the standard dose required by the human body.



SOLUBILITY OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
10g/100ml, 20°C in water.
The PH value of 1% solution of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is 4-4.5.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is insoluble in ethanol.



PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white powder;
*Relative density of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is 1.86;
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol;
*If its aqueous solution is heated together with diluted inorganic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) will be hydrolyzed into phosphoric acid;
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is hydroscopic, and when absorbing humidity it will become into a product with hexa-hydrates;
*If Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is heated at a temperature above 220°C, it will be decomposed into sodium meta phosphate.



FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
At first, when the moisture is added to form dough, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) reacts with sodium bicarbonate to produce carbon dioxide gas.
Also, pyrophosphate during reaction with sodium bicarbonate creates ionic bounds with starch and protein of dough.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) also dissolves readily to provide anion, anionic pyrophosphate, which interferes with proteins in a well-cooked system to create a moist tissue.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) regulates the reaction rate at the desired level with using specific production techniques.



NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
21g of sodium and 28g of phosphorus are available in 100g of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade).
FDA regulations
In the United States, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) has been approved as a versatile food ingredient commonly known as Safe Food (GRAS).



HOW IS SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE) MADE?
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a condensed phosphate, commonly synthesized by the neutralization of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate at the ratio of 1:1 to produce monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), and then heated approximately 250°C to remove the water.
2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O



PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white free-flowing crystalline powder or granular.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) would hydrolyze to sodium orthophosphate if exposed to the environment.



CHARACTER OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is white monoclinic system crystalline powder or fused mass.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) has accessibility, easily soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.



IS SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE) SAFE USED IN FOOD?
Sodium pyrophosphate or Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) are edible phosphates, which are helpful for baking and fermentation, such as baking powder.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can help prevent food from discoloration, such as, used for peeled potatoes.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a component of baking powder, naturally fermented flour and corn flour.
Commercially, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used as an ingredient for pre-made cakes, puddings, waffles, pancakes and muffins.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can also be added to frozen dough products, flavored milk, bacon, potato products and canned fish.



BENEFITS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
*Non- aluminum.
*White free-flowing crystalline powder.
*Would hydrolyze to sodium orthophosphate if exposed to environment.
*Excellent leavening acid.
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is made of thermal process phosphoric acid, will release more CO2 rapidly.
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) has no bitter taste and a good smell.



ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) acts as a general buffer and acidifying agent in cleaning formulations.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used for stabilization of Hydrogen peroxide solution.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is used to remove iron stains during leather tanning.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) can be used to furnish acidity to product reactions and its specific slow acting properties are extremely valuable in commercial baking powder.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is also used in electroplating and slurry thinning



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is a white monoclinic crystalline powder or molten solid.
The relative density of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) was 1.86.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.

The aqueous solution of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid by heating with dilute inorganic acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (Food Grade) is slightly hygroscopic and forms six crystalline hydrates after water absorption.
Sodium metaphosphate is decomposed when heated above 220 °c.
Aluminum and/or calcium salts may be included in appropriate amounts to control the rate of reaction when used as a bulking agent.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
Synonyms: Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate
Chemical Formula: Na2H2P2O7
CAS number: 7758-16-9
Density: 2.31 g/cm³
Molecular Weight: 221.94 g/mol
Appearance: Fine powder
Storage Condition: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
CAS Number: 68915-31-1
PubChem: 24451
EC Number: 231-835-0
Chemical Formula: Na2H2P2O7
Appearance Format: Powder
Color: White
Odor: Odorless

PH value at 20 ° C (10 g / l): 4,0 - 4,7
Melting point / Melting range: 220 ° C
Density at 20 ° C: 1.1 g / cm³
Soluble in water with solubility solubility.
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7
Molecular Weight: 221.94
White crystalline powder or granules
Soluble in water
Appearance: White powder or granule
Assay (Na2H2P2O7) %: ≥95
Arsenic (As) %: ≤0.0003
Lead (Pb) %: ≤0.0002
Fluoride (F) %: ≤0.001
pH (1% sol.): 3.5-4.5
Water insoluble %: ≤0.1

Loss on ignition %: ≤0.5
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7
Molar mass: 221.936 g•mol−1
Appearance: White odorless powder
Density: 2.31 g/cm3
Melting point: > 600 °C
Solubility in water: 11.9 g/(100 mL) (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4645 (hexahydrate)
Hazards:
Flash point: Non-flammable
Formula: Na2H2P2O7
Molecular weight: 221.94
CAS No.: 7758-16-9
EINCS No.: 231-835-0

EEC Classification: E 450(i)
Appearance: White fine powder.
Shelf life: 24 months in original package, under dry and cool storage conditions.
Maximum stack height: 18 months in original package, under dry and cool storage conditions.
CAS: 7758-16-9
EINECS: 231-835-0
InChI: InChI=1/2Na.H4O7P2/c;;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6/h;;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6)/q2*+1;/p-4
Molecular Formula: H2Na2O7P2
Molar Mass: 221.94
Density: (hexahydrate) 1.86

Melting Point: decomposes 220℃ [MER06]
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water.
Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
Solubility: H2O: 0.1M at 20°C, clear, colorless
Vapor Pressure: 0 Pa at 20℃
Appearance: white powder
Color: White to Off-White
Maximum wavelength (λmax): ['λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11', 'λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09']
Merck: 13,8643
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Storage Condition: -70°C
Stability: Stable



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (FOOD GRADE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP)
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.


CAS Number: 7758-16-9
EC Number: 231-835-0
E number: E450(i) (thickeners, ...)
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7


Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, crystalline powder or granular substance.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.


When crystallized from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature. Pyrophosphate is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate:
2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).
In the United States, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powder, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO2−) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a time-release leavening acid, which reacts over time.
There are several grades of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) (SAPP 21, SAPP 26, SAPP 28, SAPP 37, SAPP 40, SAPP 43, and SAPP 45), each with different reaction rates, which are controlled by the manufacturing process.


The higher the number, the faster the reaction rate.
Typically, the fastest Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) that the product can tolerate is used to ensure a complete reaction.
SAPP 21 and SAPP 26 have the slowest rate within the Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) products and are commonly used in refrigerated canned biscuits and cake mixes and for products made using long production cycles.


SAPP 28 is commonly used in commercial baking powder intended for all-purpose and institutional baking done in large batches that have long holding or bench times.
SAPP 37, SAPP 40, SAPP 43, and SAPP 45 have the fastest reaction rates within the SAPP products and are commonly used in cake and cake doughnut production.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is known to impart a characteristic off-flavor termed ‘pyro’ to the final product.
This flavor can be masked with sugar, calcium, and flavoring agents.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also known as disodium diphosphate.


The leavening acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an important component of double acting baking powder as well as self rising flour.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) reacts in stages and is desirable in baking applications for its slow action.
Initially, when moisture is added to form a dough, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) reacts with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) to produce carbon dioxide gas.


In fact, 22-40% of gas is released during this initial two-minute mix.
The remaining gas, over 50%, is released when heat is applied during the baking process.
In the eighteenth century and earlier, bakers relied upon yeast to leaven all baked goods.


However, using yeast for leavening baked goods was tedious and bakers began to explore the use of chemical leavening systems.
In 1846, baking soda was discovered as a leavening agent and that led to further discoveries of acids to react with baking soda, such as Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP).


Commercially, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) was introduced into baking powder blends towards the end of the nineteenth century.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a preferred leavening acid because it is less expensive and stronger than other leavening acids introduced previously.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble solid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP), also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate, is white crystalline powder, which has the relative density of 1.864 and can decompose into sodium metaphosphate when it is heated above 220℃.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is easily soluble in water and can form chelates with Cu2+ and Fe2+.
The aqueous solution of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid by heating with dilute sulfuric acid or dilute mineral acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also known as Disodium pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)'s chemical formula is (Na2H2P2O7).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an anhydrous white material.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) serves as a buffering, chelating and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP), also known as disodium pyrophosphate, is a white, water soluble solid that has many applications in the food industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an anhydrous, white powdered solid.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white powder or granular.
The relative density of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is 1.86g/cm3.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.


If its aqueous solution is heated together with diluted inorganic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) will be hydrolyzed into phosphoric acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is hydroscopic, and when absorbing humidity it will become into a product with hexa-hydrates.
If it is heated at a temperature above 220°C, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) will be decomposed into sodium meta phosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a White powder, soluble in water, acidic property appeared in aqueous solution.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white powder or granular.
Relative density of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is 1.86g/cm3.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.
If its aqueous solution is heated together with diluted inorganic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) will be hydrolyzed into Phosphoric Acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is hygroscopic, and when absorbing humidity it will become into a product with hexahydrate.


If it is heated at a temperature above 220℃, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) will be decomposed into sodium metaphosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) also known as Di-sodium Di-phosphate is an inorganic compound of sodium and pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is white and soluble in water.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is manufactured with double drying process like other Pyrophosphates due to heating needed at a high temperature.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) also known as disodium pyrophosphate, is an inorganic compound composed of sodium cation and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble solid, commonly used as a buffer and chelating agent and has many applications in food processing industry.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white powder, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.
The water solution of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is alkaline.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) acts as a buffer, leavening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer and as an adhesive.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)'s chemical Formula is Na2 H2 P2 O7.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.


When crystallised from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) forms hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is available in a variety of grades that effect the speed of its action.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time and can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and seafood processing. Strengthen the feed nutrition.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) acts as a buffer, leaven, modifier, emulsifier, nutrient and canning preservative in foods, oil drilling, detergent, chemical stabiliser.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as improving agent in food industry, pH regulating agent, metal ion complex agent, emulsion, dispersing agent and adhesive agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is applied in the processing of meat and aquatic products in order to hold water, keep the meat fresh and tender, stabilize the natural color and prevent fat from putridity. Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also used in the production of yeast powder and cheese etc.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is commonly used in the food industry as a leavening agent, acidulant, or buffer.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) releases Carbon Dioxide slowly upon reaction with Sodium Bicarbonate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can also be used to maintain color in things like canned seafood or frozen potato products like hashbrowns.


Typical Uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP): Baking Powder, Cake Mixes, Cupcakes, Doughnuts, Leavening Agent, and Refrigerated Dough.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used Baking Powder, Cake Mixes, Frozen dough, Canned crab, Self-raising flour, Strawberry-flavoured milk (keeps colour pink), Sausages, French fries, Hash Browns, Restructured poultry, and Canned tuna.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in leather treatment to remove iron stains.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is widely used globally in food industry for baking reaction purpose.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also used to stabilize the solution of hydrogen peroxide against reduction.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in petroleum industry as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) also has a wide use in dairy and poultry processes.
As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is applied to roast foodstuffs to control the fermentation speed.


When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can shorten water resetting time and avoid stickiness and mushiness of the noodles.
When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used during the phosphating process of metal treatment.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a builder in acid cleaners.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) also sequesters Fe and Cu.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as buffering agent, leavening agent, sequestrant agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used in canned food, ham, meat,baking powder and so on.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in food mainly for its two properties:


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a leavening acid that combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.


The European food additive number for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is E450(i).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.
Frozen raw dough used in biscuits and bread products uses slow acidic sodium acid pyrophosphate, which requires the release of carbon dioxide at a slower starting rate during preparation and packaging, and a large release of gas during baking.


Low gas rate means that food-grade sodium acid pyrophosphate and sodium bicarbonate emit no more than 22% of the total carbon dioxide in 8 minutes
The cake class uses medium-speed type sodium acid pyrophosphate, which produces a part of the gas in the early stage and then produces a part of the gas after heating.


If the initial baking gas production is too much, the volume is rapidly puffed, at this time the cake tissue has not condensed, the finished product is prone to collapse and the organization is thicker, and the latter can not continue to puff.
The fermentation used in the buns and buns, due to the relatively hard dough, needs to produce gas slightly faster, if the condensation after the production of gas too much, the finished product will appear "flowering" phenomenon.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid and is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) has unique chemical properties that make it versatile in different processes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) acts as a leavening agent in food production, helping dough rise and creating a light texture in baked goods.


In addition to its culinary uses, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is utilized as a buffering agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) also finds application as a corrosion inhibitor, pH adjuster, and chelating agent in various industries.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)’s multifunctionality and compatibility with other ingredients make it a valuable component in many formulations.


Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a fast fermentation agent, quality improver, puffer, buffer, etc.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in food processing, and is often used as an acidic ingredient in synthetic puffing agents such as bread and pastries.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used bread, cakes, bread, and other foods are characterized by spongy porous tissue to create a soft taste.
In order to achieve this, a sufficient amount of gas must be kept in the dough.
The water vapor produced by the heating of the air and moisture in the material mixture during baking can cause the product to produce some spongy tissue, but the amount of gas is far from enough.


The vast majority of the gas required is provided by puffing agents.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a commonly used compound puffer a carbon dioxide gas produced by the action of sodium bicarbonate and acidic salts.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a widely used acidic salt, which is used in a variety of baked and fried foods.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used in canned food, ham, meat, baking powder and so on.
As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) may shorten ferme time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.


Uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP): Leavening Agent, Food Processing, pH Adjuster, Maintains Color, Improve Water-holding Capacity, Reduce Purge during Retorting, and Canned Seafood
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as leavening agent in baking powders, combining with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite in cured meats and can improve water-holding capacity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also found in potato products, where it prevents darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be also be used in leather treatment; In some dairy applications for cleaning purposes and in petroleum production; etc.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as Medium action, used in standard baking powders, prepared doughnut mixes, various mixes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time and can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and sea food processing.


End Uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP): Seafood Products, Processed Meat Products
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) may be used as leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
For industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is applied to oil area as a drilling fluid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) has a dough reaction rate of 24 – 28.
SAPP-28 is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.


When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can shorten water resetting time and avoid stickiness and mushiness of the noodles
When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.


Main Uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP): Rapid leavening agent, quality improver, buffer agent, chelator, stabilizer, emulsifier, color improver, etc…
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is usually used in food processing industry.


Material uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP): Food processing-leavening agent, sequestrant, emulsifier, buffer.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used Cosmetics- toothpastes, cleaners.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used Industries- metal treatment, textile, water treatment, drilling mud.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.


When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can shorten water resetting time and avoid the stickiness and mushiness of the noodles.
When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order, and therefore lengthen the shelf life.


In canned seafood, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
In leather treatment, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as buffering agent, leavening agent, sequestrant agent.
As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is applied to roast foodstuffs to control the fermentation speed.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.


In petroleum production, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.


Because Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is slow acting and does not react quickly with baking soda, it is the most commonly used leavening acid for self rising flour for the home baker.
Because Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can have a slight bitter taste, it’s important to use sufficient baking soda in applications as well as use this leavening acid in combination with sugary goods such as doughnuts and cakes.


Cake doughnuts are an important application for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP), where initial gas production is necessary for buoyancy in a fryer system.
Other non-bakery food applications of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) include use as a chelating agent for processed potatoes, an emulsifying agent in cheeses and a curing accelerator in processed meats.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) dispersant is used in much the same manner as polyphosphate dispersants and is subject to the same temperature limitations.
Due to its acidic nature, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is especially effective for treating cement contamination.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) dispersant is efficient for bentonite muds and is often used in conjunction with a tannin or quebracho compound.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) dispersant can also be used to treat calcium contamination, especially contamination resulting from cement.
Because of its acidic nature, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) dispersant is not normally used in muds where the pH exceeds 9.5.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is Baking powder, used in baking and to control the fermenting speed, to increase the producing strength.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in instant noodles to reduce time after subjecting to water.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also used in biscuits and cakes, to reduce fermenting time, to decrease the destroying, to maintain the clear gaps, finally to extend products storage.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is speedly fermentation, water retaining agent and quality improver, used in bread, biscuits, meat, aquatic products and so on.
As quality improver, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) enhances complexation,PH value and Ionic strength.
According to rules, its max adding quantity is 3.0g/KG in biscuits and 1.0-3.0g/KG in bread.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, coagulant, emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, protein modifier, and sequestrant.
Also, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is useful for cakes, where initial gas production is necessary for consistency of pan fill.


In non-dairy creamers, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is added to protect the proteins from heat dehydration, to stabilize the fat emulsion, and to buffer the product.
Processed potatoes are protected from iron-induced darkening when treated with Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP).


Addition of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) to albacore tuna during canning decreases or prevents formation of struvite crystals.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in meat processing to accelerate development of red color in wieners, bologna, and other emulsion-type meat products.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as an emulsifying agent during cheese processing to produce a hard, non-melting cheese product.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is widely used as thinner in oil well drilling muds and even as an industrial cleaner.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a deflocculant (thinner) in freshwater mud systems.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as leavening agent and Sequestrant, which complies wtih the speicifiation of FCC as food additives.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in oil well drilling together with drilling mud to give a coating along the wall of the wells, by which the surface become hard and does not collapse while pipes are being inserted.


Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the taste.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is designated in the USA as generally recognized as safe for food use.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in canned seafood to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.


Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powdeer, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often labeled as food additive E450.


In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming the nitrous acid intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.
In leather treatment, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) in petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can also be found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time and can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and sea food processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to strengthen the feed nutrition.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as buffering agent, leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used in canned food, ham, meat,baking powder and so on.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as leavening agent that releases carbon dioxide slowly upon reaction with sodium bicarbonate.


An all-purpose phosphate, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is commonly used in prepared mixes commercial baking powders and cake doughnut mixes.
A fast acting leavening phosphate, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is typically used in bakery applications such as cake doughnut mixes cake mixes breadings and batters.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used primarily in refrigerated biscuits cake mixes and frozen dough and batter.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as a curing accelerator to preserve colour during storage
in products such as frankfurters bologna and similar products.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a hog and poultry scald agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in meat and poultry applications to decrease the amount of cooked out juices.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often used to break up mud rings when water drilling and is also used to thin out cement before cementing casing.


-Food uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:

Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.


-In cementing applications, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used for two primary purposes:
1. Contaminated drilling mud can result in fluid loss, thickening time, and viscosity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to disperse and displace drilling muds to avoid mud being affected by cement contamination.

2. Solids carrying fluid or drilling mud must be removed from the perforation channels and the rock face to allow a good cement bond and complete fill-up of the voids.
Incorporating Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) into the spacer will help remove residual muds and provide a cleaner surface to which the cement can bond.


-Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) assists and promotes the following functions and applications:
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) decreases the viscosity and gel strengths in freshwater drilling fluids.
• Actively thins out reactive clays.
• Aids break up clay particles and sediments, which enables them to be extracted during oil well development.
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the chemical clean up of fluids which have been contaminated by cement.


-Applications in Industrial Fields:
In leather processing, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used to remove iron stains from raw hides during processing. It can stabilize the hydrogen peroxide solution against reduction.
In certain dairy applications, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used with sulfamic acid for cleaning, especially soapstone removal.
In oil production, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as a dispersant for oil well drilling mud.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a tartar control agent in toothpaste.



APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP) IN FOOD:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as baking powder in baking food to control the degree of fermentation and improve the production intensity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used for instant noodles to shorten the rehydration time of the finished product, so that instant noodles won’t be sticky or rotten.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in sausages to enhance flavor and color.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in biscuits and cakes, it can shorten the fermentation time, reduce the product breakage rate, loosen the gaps neatly, and prolong the storage period.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a quality improver for bakery foods such as bread, biscuits, meat and aquatic products, etc.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can improve the complex metal ions, PH value and ionic strength of foods, thereby improving the adhesion and water holding capacity of foods,

In French Fries, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can reduce levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can also prevent discoloration of potatoes and syrup.
In canned tuna, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can prevent the formation of harmless struvite crystals.

In canned seafood, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can retain color during cooking and reduce cleaning.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) accelerates the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming a nitrous acid intermediate and can improve water retention.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in frozen hash browns and other potato products to prevent potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) may leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but adding calcium ions, sugar, or flavoring can mask the taste.



SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP) USES IN WATER TREATMENT:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has limited direct uses in water treatment processes.
However, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can indirectly contribute to certain aspects of water treatment.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is sometimes employed as a pH adjuster and buffering agent in water treatment applications where precise pH control is necessary.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can help stabilize and maintain the desired pH range, optimizing treatment processes.
Additionally, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can act as a sequestering agent, chelating metal ions and preventing their precipitation or interference with water treatment chemicals.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)'s ability to bind with metal ions aids in minimizing scaling and maintaining the efficiency of water treatment equipment.
While its direct applications in water treatment may be limited, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)’s properties make it valuable in specific instances where pH adjustment and metal sequestration are crucial for effective water treatment operations.



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
*Decorative candy Maximum usage: 5.0g/kg
*Batter Maximum usage: 5.0g/kg
*Multigrain powder Maximum usage: 5.0g/kg
*Other multigrain products (only frozen French fries, frozen hash browns) Maximum usage: 1.5g/kg
*Bread Maximum usage: 3.0g/kg
*Biscuit Maximum usage: 3.0g/kg



ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) acts as a general buffer and acidifying agent in cleaning formulations.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used for stabilization of Hydrogen peroxide solution.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to remove iron stains during leather tanning.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used to furnish acidity to product reactions and its specific slow acting properties are extremely valuable in commercial baking powder.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also used in electroplating and slurry thinning



BENEFITS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
*Controlled leavening acid
*Prevents oxidation/colour change
*Humectant
*Buffering agent
*Stabiliser
*Acidulant



SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP)'S KEY ADVANTAGES ARE:
• Aids in the removal of calcium and reduces pH in cement contaminated fluids.
• At low concentration levels, it is fast-acting and effective.



FUNCTIONALITY OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is very stable.
While individually they provide numerous controlled rates of CO2 release, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can also be combined to adapt to many variables in the application – the varying pH of flour, milk, and shortening for example, and also variations in the proportions of other ingredients.

In primary release during dough or batter preparation, our five grades of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) yield from 22% to 43% of carbon dioxide gas during a two-minute mixing period and exhibit only slight bench action.
Decide in which stages you need the CO2 to be released and pick the appropriate grade of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP).



BENEFITS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
*Non- aluminum.
*White free-flowing crystalline powder.
*Would hydrolyze to sodium orthophosphate if exposed to environment.
*Excellent leavening acid.
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is made of thermal process phosphoric acid, will release more CO2 rapidly.
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) has no bitter taste and a good smell.



ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is widely available and economical thinner effective for treatment of cement contamination
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is concentrated chemical that is effective at low treatment levels
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used with most water-base mud types



COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is manufactured by partially neutralizing food grade phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to form monosodium phosphate.
Dehydration of monosodium phosphate at 250°C will form Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP).
Currently, there is no known natural method for the production of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP).



FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
Leavening acids provide air and volume to the baked good structure, but also affect the characteristics of the dough.
Besides reacting with baking soda to produce the gas carbon dioxide, these acids form ionic bonds with the starches and proteins in the dough.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) dissolves readily to form the anion pyrophosphate which interacts with the proteins in a baked good system to provide a moist texture.
Also, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) provides a buffer system for the dough in the pH range 7.3-7.5, which influences the color of the baked product.



NUTRITION OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
21 grams of sodium and 28 grams of phosphorus are present in 100 grams of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7
Molar mass: 221.94 g/mol
Appearance: White odorless powder
Density: 2.31 g/cm3
Melting point: >600 °C
Solubility in water: 11.9 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4645 (hexahydrate)
CAS No.: 7758-16-9
EINECS No.: 231-835-0
MF: Na2H2P2O7
Molecular weight: 221.94
Appearance: White Powder
Chemical Formula: Na2H2P2O7
Physical State: White crystalline powder or granules
Solubility: Soluble in water
pH: Acidic
Density: Approximately 1.86 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes above 220 °C (428 °F)

Odor: Odorless
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
PH: 4 To 4.5 %
Loss on drying: <2%
Matter Insoluble In water: <0.5
P205: Min 62%
Heavy metals as Pb: <0.01%
Assay: >90%
Melting point: decomposes 220℃
density (hexahydrate): 1.86
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: -70°C
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: white powder
color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water.
Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09

Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
Product Name: Disodium pyrophosphate
Other Name: Diphosphoric acid,sodium salt (1:2)
CAS No.: 7758-16-9
Molecular Formula: H4O7P2.2Na
Molecular Weight: 221.939
Exact Mass: 221.907
EC Number: 231-835-0
UNII: H5WVD9LZUD DSS
Tox ID: DTXSID8028842
Color/Form: White crystalline powder
HScode: 28353990
Categories:Leavening Agent
PSA: 149.57 XLogP3: 0.0648
Appearance: white powder
Density: 2.311 g/cm3 (25°C)
Melting Point: 988°C
Water Solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Storage Conditions: Warehouse ventilation dry at low temperature
PH:Between 3,7 and 5,0 (1 % solution)
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7
Molecular Weight: 221.94
White crystalline powder or granules
Soluble in water



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate
Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt
Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
Disodium diphosphate
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP
Diphosphoric Acid Disodium Salt
Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate
Disodium Pyrophosphate
E 450
SAPP
SAPP Food Grade
SAPP
E450(i)
Disodium Pyrophosphate



SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP)

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na2H2P2O7.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, crystalline powder or granular material that is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking, a buffering agent in various food products, and an emulsifying agent in processed meats.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has the ability to release carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with alkaline substances, which makes it valuable for leavening applications in baking, where it helps dough rise and create a desirable texture in baked goods like cakes, muffins, and pancakes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also utilized in the food industry to stabilize and control pH in a variety of processed foods.
Additionally, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in certain chemical and industrial applications due to its unique chemical properties.

CAS Number: 7758-16-9
EC Number: 231-835-0



APPLICATIONS


Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is extensively used in the food industry as a leavening agent in baking powder formulations.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) plays a crucial role in the production of fluffy and risen baked goods, such as cakes, muffins, and pancakes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often incorporated into self-rising flours to simplify the baking process, as it already contains a leavening agent.
In the preparation of frozen dough products, SAPP helps maintain the texture and quality of the dough during freezing and thawing.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in frozen pizza dough to ensure a desirable crust texture when baked.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is employed in the production of refrigerated biscuit dough, enhancing the dough's rise and texture when baked.

In the manufacture of tortillas and flatbreads, SAPP contributes to the characteristic softness and thickness of these products.
Some instant pancake and waffle mixes contain SAPP to provide convenience and consistent texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is utilized in the production of cake mixes to ensure uniform leavening and texture.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be found in certain potato-based snacks like potato chips to maintain their crispy texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in dairy-based desserts and fillings, such as pudding and pie fillings, to control the thickening and gelling properties.
In the seafood industry, SAPP is employed in surimi production to improve the binding and texture of imitation crab and lobster products.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) contributes to the even distribution of seasonings and spices in processed meats like sausages and hot dogs.
In the potato processing industry, SAPP is used to prevent discoloration and maintain the color of frozen french fries and hash browns.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be added to canned vegetables to help preserve their texture and color during the canning process.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the production of certain snack foods, like extruded and puffed snacks, to control expansion and texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) plays a role in the stabilization of whipped toppings, helping to maintain their shape and texture.

In the beverage industry, SAPP may be used to adjust the pH of certain beverages and prevent undesirable precipitation.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is employed in the preparation of instant dry mixes, such as instant oatmeal, to control the consistency of the final product.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used in the formulation of cream-based soups and sauces to maintain their texture and prevent separation.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is found in some fruit pie fillings to help maintain the integrity of the fruit pieces.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the production of canned pasta products to control the texture of the pasta.
In the confectionery industry, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be found in candy coatings to improve their texture and gloss.
Some non-dairy creamers contain SAPP to aid in dispersion and dissolution when added to coffee or tea.
SAPP's versatility in controlling texture, pH, and leavening makes it an essential ingredient in a wide range of food products, ensuring quality, consistency, and consumer satisfaction.


Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has a wide range of applications in various industries, including the food industry, water treatment, and chemical processes.
Here are its key applications:

Leavening Agent:
SAPP is a vital leavening agent in baking, contributing to the rise and texture of baked goods like cakes, muffins, and pancakes.

Baking Powder:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a key ingredient in baking powder formulations, where it releases carbon dioxide gas when reacting with alkaline substances, helping dough and batter expand.

Self-Rising Flours:
SAPP is used in self-rising flours to simplify baking by already including a leavening agent.

Frozen Dough:
In the production of frozen dough products, SAPP maintains the texture and quality of dough during freezing and thawing.

Refrigerated Dough:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) enhances the rise and texture of refrigerated biscuit dough.

Tortillas and Flatbreads:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) contributes to the softness and thickness of tortillas and flatbreads.

Instant Mixes:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is found in instant pancake, waffle, and cake mixes to provide convenience and consistent texture.

Potato-Based Snacks:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) helps maintain the crispy texture of potato-based snacks like potato chips.

Dairy Desserts:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in dairy-based desserts and fillings, such as pudding and pie fillings, to control thickening and gelling.

Seafood Products:
In surimi production, SAPP improves the binding and texture of imitation crab and lobster products.

Processed Meats:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) ensures even distribution of seasonings and spices in processed meats like sausages and hot dogs.

Potato Processing:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) prevents discoloration and maintains the color of frozen french fries and hash browns.

Canned Vegetables:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is added to canned vegetables to preserve their texture and color during canning.

Snack Foods:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in extruded and puffed snacks to control expansion and texture.

Whipped Toppings:
Contributes to the stabilization of whipped toppings, maintaining shape and texture.

Beverages:
In some beverages, SAPP is used to adjust pH and prevent undesirable precipitation.

Instant Dry Mixes:
Added to instant oatmeal and other dry mixes to control consistency.

Soups and Sauces:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in cream-based soups and sauces to maintain texture and prevent separation.

Fruit Pie Fillings:
Found in some pie fillings to maintain the integrity of fruit pieces.

Canned Pasta:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in canned pasta products to control pasta texture.

Confectionery:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be found in candy coatings to improve texture and gloss.

Non-Dairy Creamers:
Some non-dairy creamers contain SAPP to aid in dispersion and dissolution when added to beverages.

Water Softening:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in water treatment processes to control water hardness and prevent scale formation.

Cleaning Products:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) enhances the performance of certain cleaning products.

Industrial Processes:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has various industrial applications, including in chemical processes where its buffering properties are beneficial.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula Na2H2P2O7.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, crystalline powder or granular material that is commonly used as a leavening agent in baking, a buffering agent in various food products, and an emulsifying agent in processed meats.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has the ability to release carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with alkaline substances, which makes it valuable for leavening applications in baking, where it helps dough rise and create a desirable texture in baked goods like cakes, muffins, and pancakes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also utilized in the food industry to stabilize and control pH in a variety of processed foods.
Additionally, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in certain chemical and industrial applications due to its unique chemical properties.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, crystalline powder or granular substance.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a food-grade chemical commonly used in the food industry for various purposes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is soluble in water and forms mildly acidic solutions.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid and consists of sodium ions (Na+) and pyrophosphate ions (H2P2O7^2-).
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an important leavening agent in baking, contributing to the rise and texture of baked goods.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) releases carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with alkaline substances, such as baking soda, causing dough to expand.

In baking, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in combination with other leavening agents to achieve specific texture and volume in products like cakes, muffins, and pancakes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) helps prevent baked goods from becoming overly dense by producing a light and airy crumb.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is valued for its ability to maintain the freshness and quality of bakery products.

In the food industry, SAPP is used as a buffering agent to control pH levels in processed foods and beverages.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can stabilize the pH of foods, preventing drastic changes in acidity or alkalinity during processing.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is utilized in processed meats to improve water retention, texture, and flavor.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) acts as an emulsifying agent in certain meat products, aiding in the dispersion of fats and improving product consistency.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is commonly found in potato products like frozen french fries, where it helps maintain their color and texture during freezing and frying.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in some instant pudding mixes to control thickening and gelling properties.
In canned seafood, SAPP helps maintain the firmness and texture of fish and shellfish.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is recognized as safe for consumption when used within established food industry guidelines.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has an established GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) status in the United States.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is subject to regulatory oversight to ensure its safe use in food products.
In addition to its food applications, SAPP is used in various industrial and chemical processes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has applications in water treatment, where it helps control water hardness and scale formation.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is employed in some cleaning products to enhance their performance.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has a molecular weight of approximately 221.94 g/mol.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) may appear on ingredient labels in food products with the E number E450(i).
Its multifunctional properties make Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) a valuable ingredient in the food industry, contributing to the quality and consistency of a wide range of products.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: Na2H2P2O7
Molar Mass: Approximately 221.94 g/mol
Chemical Structure: Sodium acid pyrophosphate consists of sodium ions (Na+) and pyrophosphate ions (H2P2O7^2-).


Physical Properties:

Physical State: White, crystalline powder or granules.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Tasteless.
pH: Typically acidic in aqueous solutions.
Density: Varies depending on the specific grade or form.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If SAPP dust or aerosol is inhaled and respiratory distress occurs, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
If the person's breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with SAPP, remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin area gently but thoroughly with soap and lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if skin irritation, redness, or discomfort persists after washing.


Eye Contact:

If SAPP comes into contact with the eyes, immediately rinse the affected eye(s) gently but thoroughly with lukewarm, clean water for at least 15 minutes.
Ensure that the eyelids are held open to facilitate thorough flushing.
Seek immediate medical attention or consult with an eye specialist if irritation, redness, or pain persists.


Ingestion:

If SAPP is ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by a medical professional.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water but do not swallow water.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Precautions for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP):

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling SAPP, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, and protective clothing to minimize skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use SAPP in well-ventilated areas to prevent the buildup of dust or aerosols.
Consider using local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection if exposure levels are not within acceptable limits.

Avoid Inhalation:
Minimize the inhalation of SAPP dust or aerosols by working in areas equipped with adequate ventilation.
Use a dust mask or respirator if necessary, following appropriate safety guidelines.

Spill Response:
In the event of a spill, restrict access to the area and take appropriate precautions to prevent further spreading.
Wear PPE, including gloves and safety goggles or a face shield.
Absorb the spilled material with an inert absorbent material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect it in a suitable container for disposal.
Clean the affected area thoroughly with detergent and water.

Handling Containers:
Handle containers of SAPP with care to prevent damage, leakage, or spills.
Ensure containers are properly labeled with hazard information and handling instructions.

Avoid Mixing:
Do not mix SAPP with incompatible substances, as it may lead to chemical reactions or hazardous conditions.


Storage Conditions for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP):

Storage Location:
Store SAPP in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep it in a location designed for chemical storage.

Temperature Range:
Maintain storage temperatures within the recommended range, typically between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
Avoid extreme temperatures that could cause material degradation or container damage.

Container Integrity:
Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent moisture ingress, evaporation, and contamination.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage or leakage.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store SAPP away from incompatible materials, including strong oxidizing agents and reducing agents, to prevent hazardous reactions.

Fire Safety:
Keep SAPP away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition to prevent fire hazards.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate containers made of materials compatible with SAPP, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are clearly labeled with the chemical name, hazard information, and handling instructions.

Access Control:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.



SYNONYMS


Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
Disodium pyrophosphate
Sodium pyrophosphate
Tetrasodium diphosphate
Acid sodium pyrophosphate
SAPP
Sodium acid diphosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate
Sodium pyrophosphate acid
Tetrasodium diphosphate decahydrate
Sodium pyrophosphate acid
Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate
Disodium diphosphate
Sodium acid pyrophosphate anhydrous
Tetrasodium diphosphate decahydrate
Disodium pyrophosphate decahydrate
Sodium pyrophosphate, dibasic
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, anhydrous
Sodium dihydrogen diphosphate
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate decahydrate
Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate
Sodium pyrophosphate, anhydrous
Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
Acid sodium pyrophosphate, anhydrous
SAPP 28
SAPP 40
SAPP 70
SAPP 85
SAPP 90
SAPP food grade
SAPP technical grade
Food-grade pyrophosphate
Baking powder acid
E450(i)
Sodium dihydrogen diphosphate
Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
Tetrasodium diphosphate decahydrate
Disodium pyrophosphate anhydrous
Sodium pyrophosphate dibasic
Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate anhydrous
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, anhydrous
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, food grade
Disodium pyrophosphate, food grade
Sodium acid diphosphate, anhydrous
Tetrasodium pyrophosphate, technical grade
Disodium pyrophosphate, technical grade
Food-grade sodium pyrophosphate
Baking powder acidulant
E450(i) food additive
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP)
Disodium pyrophosphate or Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallized from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.

CAS: 7758-16-9
MF: H5NaO7P2
MW: 201.97
EINECS: 231-835-0

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate:
2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) encodes a integral membrane protein.
APPα is a soluble protein generated by sequential cleavage with α and γ secretase.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP), or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, its food grade is commonly used with sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent in bakery products; also, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) maintains the color in processed potatoes and also prevents struvite crystal in canned seafood.
The European food additive number for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is E450(i).
Generally, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is vegan and gluten free.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) Chemical Properties
Melting point: decomposes 220℃ [MER06]
Density: (hexahydrate) 1.86
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: -70°C
Solubility H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: white powder
Color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water. Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09
Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H4O7P2.H/c;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6;/h;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6);
InChIKey: IQTFITJCETVNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.420 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 7758-16-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) (7758-16-9)

Disodium dihydrogendiphosphate, disodium diphosphate, acidic sodium pyrophosphate, Na2H2P2O7, Mr 221.97, d 2.31.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP)'s solubility in water is 13g Na2H2P2O7/100g H2O at 20 °C, and 20g at 80°C.
The pH of a 1% aqueous solution is 4.1.
The usual commercial product is the anhydrous, nonhygroscopic salt in powder form.
The hexahydrate, Na2H2P2O7.6H2O, d 1.85, crystallizes from aqueous solution below 27 °C.
Above this temperature, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is converted to the anhydrous form.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a (tropically stable) acid carrier in baking powder, for improvement of flow properties in flour, for pH regulation, and in dental care products for prevention of tartar formation.

Uses
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a leavening agent, preservative, sequestrant, and buffer which is mildly acidic with a ph of 4.1.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also termed sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphate, and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.

Food uses
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:

Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.

Disodium pyrophosphate and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).
In the United States, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting. Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powder, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often labeled as food additive E450.

In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO2−) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings."

Other uses
In leather treatment, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
In petroleum production, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.

Preparation
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is produced from sodium dihydrogenmonophosphate by heating at 200-250℃:
Na2CO3+2H3PO4→2NaH2PO4+H2O+CO2↑
2NaH2PO4→Na2H2P2O7+H2O

Biochem/physiol Actions
Amyloid precursor protein α is an α-secretase-cleaved soluble protein that has been shown to have neuroprotective properties.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) is derived from amyloid precursor protein.
The protein consists of 612 amino acids.
Several G protein-coupled receptors are known to activate α-secretase-dependent processing of APP.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotrophic functions.
Amyloid precursor protein a also stimulates gene expression and protein expression.

Synonyms
7758-16-9
Disodium diphosphate
Sodium acid pyrophosphate
Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE
Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt
Disodium acid pyrophosphate
Dinatriumpyrophosphat
Dinatriumpyrophosphat [German]
Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate
Disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate
HSDB 377
Pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt
H5WVD9LZUD
UNII-H5WVD9LZUD
Sodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7)
EINECS 231-835-0
disodium;[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate
EC 231-835-0
MFCD00014246
Disodiumpytophosphate
Sodium diphosphate dibasic
disodium hydrogen (hydrogen phosphonatooxy)phosphonate
Grahamsches salz
Sodium pyrophosphate, di-
DSSTox_CID_8842
sodium dihydrogendiphosphate
DSSTox_RID_78658
DSSTox_GSID_28842
SODIUMACIDPYROPHOSPHATE
H2O7P2.2Na
H4O7P2.2Na
Sodium pyrophosphate, dibasic
Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate
H4-O7-P2.2Na
CHEMBL3184949
DTXSID7044261
EINECS 272-808-3
Tox21_200813
DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB]
DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI]
DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF]
AKOS015916169
AKOS024418779
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [MI]
Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2)
LS-2432
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC]
NCGC00258367-01
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF]
CAS-68915-31-1
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP)
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a (tropically stable) acid carrier in baking powder, for improvement of flow properties in flour, for pH regulation, and in dental care products for prevention of tartar formation.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) gene is mapped to human chromosome 21q21.3.

CAS Number: 7758-16-9
Molecular Formula: H5NaO7P2
Molecular Weight: 201.97
EINECS Number: 231-835-0

Synonyms: 7758-16-9, Disodium diphosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, H5WVD9LZUD, disodium;[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate, MFCD00014246, Disodium acid pyrophosphate, Dinatriumpyrophosphat, Disodiumpytophosphate, Dinatriumpyrophosphat [German], Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, Disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate, HSDB 377, Pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt, UNII-H5WVD9LZUD, Sodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7), EINECS 231-835-0, Sodium diphosphate dibasic, disodium hydrogen (hydrogen phosphonatooxy)phosphonate, Grahamsches salz, Glassy sodium phosphate, DSSTox_CID_8842, sodium dihydrogendiphosphate, EC 231-835-0, DSSTox_RID_78658, DSSTox_GSID_28842, SODIUMACIDPYROPHOSPHATE, Sodium pyrophosphate, dibasic, Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, CHEMBL3184949, EINECS 272-808-3, Tox21_200813, DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB], DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI], DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF], AKOS015916169, AKOS024418779, SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [MI], Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2), SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC], NCGC00258367-01, SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF], CAS-68915-31-1, di-sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate anhydrous.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) encodes a integral membrane protein.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallized from water, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is mainly used in the bakery industry at a leavening agent.
May also be blended with other phosphates and used for water retention in processed meats, and used to maintain the appearance and texture of uncooked fruits and vegetables.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) releases carbon dioxide gas when exposed to heat, helping the dough rise and creating a light and airy texture in the final product.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) functions as a buffering agent in food and beverage products.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) helps maintain the pH level of a solution, preventing it from becoming too acidic or too basic.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has a dough reaction rate of 24 - 28. SAPP-28 is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often used as a leavening agent in baked goods, such as bread, cakes, and pastries.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is solubility in water is 13g Na2H2P2O7/100g H2O at 20 °C, and 20g at 80°C.
The usual commercial Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is the anhydrous, nonhygroscopic salt in powder form.
Above this temperature, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is converted to the anhydrous form.

This is important for controlling the texture and appearance of certain food items.
In some food products, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) may serve as an emulsifying agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) helps to stabilize and maintain the uniform distribution of water and oil-based ingredients, preventing separation and improving the overall texture of the product.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can act as a sequestrant, which means it can bind to metal ions, helping to prevent their undesirable effects in food products, such as discoloration or off-flavors.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is sometimes used in the meat processing industry to improve the texture and moisture retention of meat products.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can enhance the binding properties of meat mixtures.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a source of phosphates, which can contribute to the nutritional profile of certain food products.
Phosphates are essential minerals that play a role in various physiological processes in the human body.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP)is a white powdered, non-flammable substance that is odorless, and has a bitter taste.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often used as a sequestrant, buffering agent, and raising agent in baked foods, cheese and meat products.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate, is white crystalline powder, which has the relative density of 1.864 and can decompose into sodium metaphosphate when it is heated above 220℃.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is easily soluble in water and can form chelates with Cu2+ and Fe2+.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a soluble protein generated by sequential cleavage with α and γ secretase.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) reacts in stages and is desirable in baking applications for its slow action.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).

In the United States, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, it is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powder, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, it speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO−2) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) occurs as a white, crystalline powder.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is soluble in water. The pH of a 1:100 aqueous solution is about.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) may contain a suitable aluminum and/or calcium salt to control the rate of reaction in leavening systems.
The baking industry is the largest user Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate within the food industry.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP)s main function is the leavening reaction with Bicarbonate (baking powder).
To obtain high quality baked goods, an optimal leavening is required
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is Na2H2P2O7 with Chemical Formula.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a chemical derivative of phosphorus, an important element in life for all living things.
One of the most common elements. Foods, water, our body also occurs in natural.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) or sodium acid pyrophosphate is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a fast fermentation agent, quality improver, puffer, buffer, etc. in food processing, and is often used as an acidic ingredient in synthetic puffing agents such as bread and pastries.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is white powder or granule, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is mainly used in Baked products, ferment powder, fermentation Speed control agent, instant noodles, biscuits, cakes and pastries, shorten fermentation time, prolong storage period.
Bread, cakes, bread and other foods are characterized by spongy porous tissue to create a soft taste.
In order to achieve this, a sufficient amount of gas must be kept in the dough.

The water vapor produced by the heating of the air and moisture in the material mixture during baking can cause the product to produce some spongy tissue, but the amount of gas is far from enough.
The vast majority of the gas required is provided by puffing agents.
A commonly used compound puffer is a carbon dioxide gas produced by the action of sodium bicarbonate and acidic salts.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a widely used acidic salt, which is used in a variety of baked and fried foods.
The ROR value of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is the gas production rate, which refers to sodium bicarbonate and sodium acid pyrophosphate, in the environment of wet dough, the amount of carbon dioxide actually released at 8 minutes accounts for the proportion of the total carbon dioxide volume released by the theory.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), SAPP in petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), SAPP can also be found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) serves as a buffering, chelating and leavening agent.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) also known as Di-sodium Di-phosphate is an inorganic compound of sodium and pyrophosphate.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is white and soluble in water.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is manufactured with double drying process like other Pyrophosphates due to heating needed at a high temperature.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has a dough reaction rate of 24 - 28.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), or SAPP, is used in the food industry.
More specially, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used for certain types of baking powder and baking creams in addition to working as a leavening agent for prepared cake and doughnut mixes.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) maintains the natural white color of cooked potatoes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is TongVo's high quality product, acts as a buffer, leaven, modifier, emulsifier, nutrient and canning preservative in foods, oil drilling, detergent, chemical stabiliser.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), also called tetrasodium pyrophosphate or tetrasodium phosphate.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a colorless, transparent crystalline chemical compound.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has various functions such as a blowing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, thickener and sequestrant.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is generally used in bakery products, canning seafood and preventing browning of potatoes.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), which is also used in soy-based products as an alternative to meat products, acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste, serves to remove elements such as magnesium and calcium in oral secretions, and prevents the accumulation of these elements on the teeth.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), which is sometimes used in household detergents for the same purposes;
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) prevents the accumulation of similar types of elements on the clothes, but due to the high phosphate content it contains, it causes pollution in the waters and causes the growth
of algae in contaminated waters.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) also known as SAPP and Disodium Pyrophosphate is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
Applications include food &|beverage (popular leavening agent found in baking powder, used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-tast, canned seafood, it is used to maintain color and reduce purge, frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening)|agriculture (pet food used in cat foods as a palatability additive, removal of hair and scurf in hog
slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter and |industrial (petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds, leather treatment to remove iron stains on hides, dairy applications for cleaning, remove soapstone).

The gas production speed of compound puffer depends on the reaction speed of acid salt and sodium bicarbonate, and the Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is fast, medium and slow according to different gas production speed. Different products require different gas production speeds of SAPP.
The gas-producing rate of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a range value, not a fixed value, and is commonly expressed by ROR.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is Na2H2P2O7 with Chemical Formula.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a chemical derivative of phosphorus, an important element in life for all living things.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) are commonly used when certain common elements, such as sodium, calcium, potassium and aluminum, are combined with phosphate ions.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) also prevents discoloration in potatoes and sugar syrups.

In canned tuna, it prevents harmless struvite crystals from forming.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
As a leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.

As a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also known as Disodium pyrophosphate.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) chemical formula is (Na2H2P2O7).

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is widely used as thinner in oil well drilling muds and even as an industrial cleaner.
Aids in the removal of calcium and reduces pH in cement contaminated fluids.
At low concentration levels, it is fast-acting and effective.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) decreases the viscosity and gel strengths in freshwater drilling fluids.
Aids break up clay particles and sediments, which enables them to be extracted during oil well development.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the chemical clean up of fluids which have been contaminated by cement.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a deflocculant (thinner) in freshwater mud systems.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often used to break up mud rings when water drilling and is also used to thin out cement before cementing casing.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H2P2O2−7).
The aqueous solution can be hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid by heating with dilute sulfuric acid or dilute mineral acid.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is usually used in food processing industry.
The leavening acid, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an important component of double acting baking powder as well as self rising flour.

Melting point: decomposes 220℃ [MER06]
Density (hexahydrate): 1.86
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: -70°C
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: white powder
color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water. Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09
Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H4O7P2.H/c;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6;/h;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6);
InChIKey: IQTFITJCETVNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES O(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O.[NaH]
LogP: -3.420 (est)

When using to thin the mud before cementing, mix as needed to the circulating mud system.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is designated in the USA as generally recognized as safe for food use.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in canned seafood to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.

In baking powdeer, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming the nitrous acid intermediate, and can improve waterholding capacity
Amyloid precursor protein α is an α-secretase-cleaved soluble protein that has been shown to have neuroprotective properties.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is derived from amyloid precursor protein.
Several G protein-coupled receptors are known to activate α-secretase-dependent processing of APP.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotrophic functions.

Amyloid precursor protein a also stimulates gene expression and protein expression.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is one of the two acid components used in commercial baking powders.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is reactive not only with sodium bicarbonate, but also with calcium salts, proteins and heat.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) gives baking powder the time and temperature element contributing to the "Double Acting" power.
Regular Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in cakes, sponges and refrigerated dough where a slower reactivity is desired.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a buffering and chelating agent, with many food and industrial uses.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is polyvalent, and acts as a Lewis base, so is effective at binding polyvalent cations.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used during the phosphating process of metal treatment.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a builder in acid cleaners.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) also sequesters Fe and Cu.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also termed sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphate, and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a white, water-soluble that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallised from water, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) forms hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is available in a variety of grades that effect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the taste.
Contaminated drilling mud can result in fluid loss, thickening time, and viscosity.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to disperse and displace drilling muds to avoid mud being affected by cement contamination.
Solids carrying fluid or drilling mud must be removed from the perforation channels and the rock face to allow a good cement bond and complete fill-up of the voids.
Incorporating Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) into the spacer will help remove residual muds and provide a cleaner surface to which the cement can bond.

Those working with Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) should wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment, including dust masks and eye protection.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is advisable to wear PPE while mixing all powdered products.
Avoid skin contact and do not inhale dust or allow contact with eyes.

In standard water drilling operations, the usual procedure to apply Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is to add one viscosity cup directly into the drill pipe at each connection.
In areas with very reactive clays, increased treatments will be required.

Uses:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) may be used as leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is widely used as a leavening agent in baked goods, including bread, cakes, muffins, and pastries.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) helps create a light and fluffy texture by releasing carbon dioxide gas during the baking process.

In pancake mixes and batter formulations, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to provide leavening and contribute to the texture of the final product.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a key component of baking powder formulations.
When combined with a basic Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), it creates a double-acting baking powder, releasing gas both upon mixing and during baking.

Due to its ability to produce carbon dioxide gas quickly, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is utilized in instant pancake and waffle mixes, allowing for rapid leavening when the batter is mixed with water.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) acts as a dough conditioner in various dough formulations, improving the handling properties and the overall quality of the dough.
In the meat industry, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is employed as a phosphate source to enhance the water-binding capacity of meat products. This can result in improved juiciness and texture.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) may be used in certain cheese and dairy products to control pH and improve texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can also function as a sequestrant to bind metal ions.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used in seafood products, particularly in surimi and imitation seafood, to improve texture and enhance moisture retention.

In the production of potato-based snacks like chips and fries, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as a leavening agent to achieve a desirable texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) may be included in instant pudding and gelatin formulations to contribute to their texture and consistency.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products, hydraulic fluids, metal surface treatment products, non-metal- surface
treatment products, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the following areas: mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products, metals, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another
substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation in materials and as processing aid.

Other release to the environment of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as a leavening chemical for bread to help it rise.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) used in sausage to enhance flavor and color.

In french fries, the chemical reduces levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide, according to an article from the Center for Science in the Public Interest.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) also prevents discoloration in potatoes and sugar syrups.
In canned tuna, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) prevents harmless struvite crystals from forming.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in leather treatment to remove iron stains.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is widely used globally in food industry for baking reaction purpose.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also used to stabilize the solution of hydrogen peroxide against reduction.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in petroleum industry as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) also has a wide use in dairy and poultry processes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound, which consists sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.

This is white in color and has water-soluble solids, which serve as a buffering and chelating agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is massively in various applications in Used as improving agent in food industry, pH regulating agent, metal ion complex agent, emulsion, dispersing agent and adhesive
agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is applied in the processing of meat and aquatic products in order to hold water, keep the meat fresh and tender, stabilize the natural color and prevent fat from putridity.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the production of yeast powder and cheese etc.
As a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
For industry, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is applied to oil area as a drilling fluid.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) Used as starter, used for baking food and controlling fermentation speed; It is used for instant noodles to reduce the rehydration time of finished products and is not sticky or rotten; It is used in biscuits and pastries to shorten the fermentation time, reduce the damage rate of products, loosen and tidy gaps, and prolong the storage period.
Release to the environment of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic
construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines). Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, hydraulic fluids, pH regulators and water treatment products, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, heat transfer fluids, laboratory chemicals, leather treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes and textile treatment products and dyes.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work and scientific research and development.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used for the manufacture of: metals, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles, textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Other release to the environment of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, hydraulic fluids, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Release to the environment of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation in materials, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is anhydrous form, pyrophosphate salt used in buffers.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a leavening agent, preservative, sequestrant, and buffer which is mildly acidic with a ph of 4.1.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is also termed sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphate, and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.
In leather treatment, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, it facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.

In petroleum production, Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes.
An irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx, and Na2O.,

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is a source of phosphorus, and excessive intake of phosphorus can be a concern for individuals with certain health conditions, such as kidney problems.
In such cases, high phosphorus intake may contribute to imbalances in mineral metabolism.

Individuals with specific health concerns should consult with healthcare professionals or dietitians to determine appropriate dietary choices.
While rare, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to specific food additives, including Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP).
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) in food products is subject to regulatory standards and guidelines.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP)'s important for food manufacturers to comply with these regulations to ensure the safety of the final products.
Consumers can rely on regulatory agencies to set permissible levels of food additives and monitor their use in the food industry.

SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE (SAPP-28)
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) has a dough reaction rate of 24 - 28.

CAS Number: 7758-16-9
Molecular Formula: H5NaO7P2
Molecular Weight: 201.97
EINECS Number: 231-835-0

Synonyms: 7758-16-9, Disodium diphosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, H5WVD9LZUD, disodium;[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate, MFCD00014246, Disodium acid pyrophosphate, Dinatriumpyrophosphat, Disodiumpytophosphate, Dinatriumpyrophosphat [German], Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, Disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate, HSDB 377, Pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt, UNII-H5WVD9LZUD, Sodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7), EINECS 231-835-0, Sodium diphosphate dibasic, disodium hydrogen (hydrogen phosphonatooxy)phosphonate, Grahamsches salz, Glassy sodium phosphate, DSSTox_CID_8842, sodium dihydrogendiphosphate, EC 231-835-0, DSSTox_RID_78658, DSSTox_GSID_28842, SODIUMACIDPYROPHOSPHATE, Sodium pyrophosphate, dibasic, Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, CHEMBL3184949, EINECS 272-808-3, Tox21_200813, DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB], DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI], DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF], AKOS015916169, AKOS024418779, SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [MI], Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2), SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC], NCGC00258367-01, SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF], CAS-68915-31-1, di-sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate anhydrous.

SAPP-28 is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is often used as a leavening agent in baked goods, such as bread, cakes, and pastries.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is solubility in water is 13g Na2H2P2O7/100g H2O at 20 °C, and 20g at 80°C.

The usual commercial Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is the anhydrous, nonhygroscopic salt in powder form.
Above this temperature, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is converted to the anhydrous form.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used as a (tropically stable) acid carrier in baking powder, for improvement of flow properties in flour, for pH regulation, and in dental care products for prevention of tartar formation.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) gene is mapped to human chromosome 21q21.3.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) encodes a integral membrane protein.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.

When crystallized from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is mainly used in the bakery industry at a leavening agent.

May also be blended with other phosphates and used for water retention in processed meats, and used to maintain the appearance and texture of uncooked fruits and vegetables.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) releases carbon dioxide gas when exposed to heat, helping the dough rise and creating a light and airy texture in the final product.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) functions as a buffering agent in food and beverage products.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) helps maintain the pH level of a solution, preventing it from becoming too acidic or too basic.

This is important for controlling the texture and appearance of certain food items.
In some food products, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) may serve as an emulsifying agent.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) helps to stabilize and maintain the uniform distribution of water and oil-based ingredients, preventing separation and improving the overall texture of the product.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can act as a sequestrant, which means it can bind to metal ions, helping to prevent their undesirable effects in food products, such as discoloration or off-flavors.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is sometimes used in the meat processing industry to improve the texture and moisture retention of meat products.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can enhance the binding properties of meat mixtures.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a source of phosphates, which can contribute to the nutritional profile of certain food products.
Phosphates are essential minerals that play a role in various physiological processes in the human body.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28)is a white powdered, non-flammable substance that is odorless, and has a bitter taste.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is often used as a sequestrant, buffering agent, and raising agent in baked foods, cheese and meat products.
In baking powder, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is often labeled as food additive E450.

In cured meats, it speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO−2) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) occurs as a white, crystalline powder.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is soluble in water. The pH of a 1:100 aqueous solution is about.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) may contain a suitable aluminum and/or calcium salt to control the rate of reaction in leavening systems.

The baking industry is the largest user Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate within the food industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28)s main function is the leavening reaction with Bicarbonate (baking powder).
To obtain high quality baked goods, an optimal leavening is required.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is Na2H2P2O7 with Chemical Formula.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a chemical derivative of phosphorus, an important element in life for all living things.
One of the most common elements. Foods, water, our body also occurs in natural.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) or sodium acid pyrophosphate is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used as a fast fermentation agent, quality improver, puffer, buffer, etc. in food processing, and is often used as an acidic ingredient in synthetic puffing agents such as bread and pastries.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is white powder or granule, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is mainly used in Baked products, ferment powder, fermentation Speed control agent, instant noodles, biscuits, cakes and pastries, shorten fermentation time, prolong storage period.
Bread, cakes, bread and other foods are characterized by spongy porous tissue to create a soft taste.

In order to achieve this, a sufficient amount of gas must be kept in the dough.
The water vapor produced by the heating of the air and moisture in the material mixture during baking can cause the product to produce some spongy tissue, but the amount of gas is far from enough.
The vast majority of the gas required is provided by puffing agents.

A commonly used compound puffer is a carbon dioxide gas produced by the action of sodium bicarbonate and acidic salts.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a widely used acidic salt, which is used in a variety of baked and fried foods.
The ROR value of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is the gas production rate, which refers to sodium bicarbonate and sodium acid pyrophosphate, in the environment of wet dough, the amount of carbon dioxide actually released at 8 minutes accounts for the proportion of the total carbon dioxide volume released by the theory.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28), SAPP in petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28), SAPP can also be found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) serves as a buffering, chelating and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) also known as Di-sodium Di-phosphate is an inorganic compound of sodium and pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is white and soluble in water.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is manufactured with double drying process like other Pyrophosphates due to heating needed at a high temperature.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) has a dough reaction rate of 24 - 28.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28), or SAPP, is used in the food industry.

More specially, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used for certain types of baking powder and baking creams in addition to working as a leavening agent for prepared cake and doughnut mixes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) maintains the natural white color of cooked potatoes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is TongVo's high quality product, acts as a buffer, leaven, modifier, emulsifier, nutrient and canning preservative in foods, oil drilling, detergent, chemical stabiliser.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28), also called tetrasodium pyrophosphate or tetrasodium phosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a colorless, transparent crystalline chemical compound.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) has various functions such as a blowing agent, buffering agent, emulsifier, thickener and sequestrant.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is generally used in bakery products, canning seafood and preventing browning of potatoes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28), which is also used in soy-based products as an alternative to meat products, acts as a tartar control agent in toothpaste, serves to remove elements such as magnesium and calcium in oral secretions, and prevents the accumulation of these elements on the teeth.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28), which is sometimes used in household detergents for the same purposes;

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) prevents the accumulation of similar types of elements on the clothes, but due to the high phosphate content it contains, it causes pollution in the waters and causes the growth of algae in contaminated waters.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) also known as SAPP and Disodium Pyrophosphate is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
Applications include food &|beverage (popular leavening agent found in baking powder, used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-tast, canned seafood, it is used to maintain color and reduce purge, frozen
hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening)|agriculture (pet food used in cat foods as a palatability additive, removal of hair and scurf in hog
slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter and |industrial (petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds, leather treatment to remove iron stains on hides, dairy applications for cleaning, remove soapstone).

The gas production speed of compound puffer depends on the reaction speed of acid salt and sodium bicarbonate, and the Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is fast, medium and slow according to different gas production speed. Different products require different gas production speeds of SAPP.
The gas-producing rate of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a range value, not a fixed value, and is commonly expressed by ROR.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is Na2H2P2O7 with Chemical Formula.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a chemical derivative of phosphorus, an important element in life for all living things.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) are commonly used when certain common elements, such as sodium, calcium, potassium and aluminum, are combined with phosphate ions.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) also prevents discoloration in potatoes and sugar syrups.

In canned tuna, it prevents harmless struvite crystals from forming.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
As a leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.

As a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is also known as Disodium pyrophosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) chemical formula is (Na2H2P2O7).

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is widely used as thinner in oil well drilling muds and even as an industrial cleaner.
Aids in the removal of calcium and reduces pH in cement contaminated fluids.
At low concentration levels, it is fast-acting and effective.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) decreases the viscosity and gel strengths in freshwater drilling fluids.
Aids break up clay particles and sediments, which enables them to be extracted during oil well development.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in the chemical clean up of fluids which have been contaminated by cement.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used as a deflocculant (thinner) in freshwater mud systems.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is often used to break up mud rings when water drilling and is also used to thin out cement before cementing casing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28), also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate, is white crystalline powder, which has the relative density of 1.864 and can decompose into sodium metaphosphate when it is heated above 220℃.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is easily soluble in water and can form chelates with Cu2+ and Fe2+.
The aqueous solution can be hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid by heating with dilute sulfuric acid or dilute mineral acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is usually used in food processing industry.

The leavening acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an important component of double acting baking powder as well as self rising flour.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) reacts in stages and is desirable in baking applications for its slow action.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form
designated as E450(a).

In the United States, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, it is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a soluble protein generated by sequential cleavage with α and γ secretase.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H2P2O2−7).

Melting point: decomposes 220℃ [MER06]
Density (hexahydrate): 1.86
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: -70°C
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: white powder
color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water. Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09
Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H4O7P2.H/c;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6;/h;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6);
InChIKey: IQTFITJCETVNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES O(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O.[NaH]
LogP: -3.420 (est)

Incorporating Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) into the spacer will help remove residual muds and provide a cleaner surface to which the cement can bond.
Contaminated drilling mud can result in fluid loss, thickening time, and viscosity.
SAPP is used to disperse and displace drilling muds to avoid mud being affected by cement contamination.

Solids carrying fluid or drilling mud must be removed from the perforation channels and the rock face to allow a good cement bond and complete fill-up of the voids.
Avoid skin contact and do not inhale dust or allow contact with eyes.
In standard water drilling operations, the usual procedure to apply Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is to add one viscosity cup directly into the drill pipe at each connection.

In areas with very reactive clays, increased treatments will be required.
When using to thin the mud before cementing, mix as needed to the circulating mud system.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a white, water-soluble that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallised from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) forms hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is available in a variety of grades that effect the speed of its action.

Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the taste.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is designated in the USA as generally recognized as safe for food use.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in canned seafood to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.

Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powdeer, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is often labeled as food additive E450.

In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming the nitrous acid intermediate, and can improve waterholding capacity
Amyloid precursor protein α is an α-secretase-cleaved soluble protein that has been shown to have neuroprotective properties.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is derived from amyloid precursor protein.

Several G protein-coupled receptors are known to activate α-secretase-dependent processing of APP.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotrophic functions.
Amyloid precursor protein a also stimulates gene expression and protein expression.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is one of the two acid components used in commercial baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is reactive not only with sodium bicarbonate, but also with calcium salts, proteins and heat.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) gives baking powder the time and temperature element contributing to the "Double Acting" power.

Regular Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in cakes, sponges and refrigerated dough where a slower reactivity is desired.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a buffering and chelating agent, with many food and industrial uses.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is polyvalent, and acts as a Lewis base, so is effective at binding polyvalent cations.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used during the phosphating process of metal treatment.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used as a builder in acid cleaners.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) also sequesters Fe and Cu.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is also termed sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphate, and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.

Those working with Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP) should wear appropriate Personal Protective Equipment, including dust masks and eye protection.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is advisable to wear PPE while mixing all powdered products.

Uses Of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28):
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is anhydrous form, pyrophosphate salt used in buffers.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a leavening agent, preservative, sequestrant, and buffer which is mildly acidic with a ph of 4.1.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) Used as starter, used for baking food and controlling fermentation speed; It is used for instant noodles to reduce the rehydration time of finished products and is not sticky or rotten; It is used in biscuits and pastries to shorten the fermentation time, reduce the damage rate of products, loosen and tidy gaps, and prolong the storage period.

Release to the environment of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Other release to the environment of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles and machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines). Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper), wood (e.g. floors, furniture, toys) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, hydraulic fluids, pH regulators and water treatment products, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, heat transfer fluids, laboratory chemicals, leather treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes and textile treatment products and dyes.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in the following areas: mining, building & construction work and scientific research and development.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used for the manufacture of: metals, fabricated metal products, machinery and vehicles, textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products and mineral products (e.g. plasters, cement).
Other release to the environment of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, metal surface treatment products, non-metal-surface treatment products, hydraulic fluids, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Release to the environment of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation in materials, in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is widely used as a leavening agent in baked goods, including bread, cakes, muffins, and pastries.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) helps create a light and fluffy texture by releasing carbon dioxide gas during the baking process.
In pancake mixes and batter formulations, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used to provide leavening and contribute to the texture of the final product.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a key component of baking powder formulations.
When combined with a basic Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28), it creates a double-acting baking powder, releasing gas both upon mixing and during baking.
Due to its ability to produce carbon dioxide gas quickly, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is utilized in instant pancake and waffle mixes, allowing for rapid leavening when the batter is mixed with water.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) acts as a dough conditioner in various dough formulations, improving the handling properties and the overall quality of the dough.
In the meat industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is employed as a phosphate source to enhance the water-binding capacity of meat products. This can result in improved juiciness and texture.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) may be used in certain cheese and dairy products to control pH and improve texture.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can also function as a sequestrant to bind metal ions.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be used in seafood products, particularly in surimi and imitation seafood, to improve texture and enhance moisture retention.
In the production of potato-based snacks like chips and fries, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be used as a leavening agent to achieve a desirable texture.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) may be included in instant pudding and gelatin formulations to contribute to their texture and consistency.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, leather treatment products, hydraulic fluids, metal surface treatment products, non-metal- surface treatment products, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in the following areas: mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur, pulp, paper and paper products, metals, fabricated metal products and machinery and vehicles.
Release to the environment of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, formulation in materials and as processing aid.
Other release to the environment of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials).

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be used as a leavening chemical for bread to help it rise.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) used in sausage to enhance flavor and color.
In french fries, the chemical reduces levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide, according to an article from the Center for Science in the Public Interest.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) also prevents discoloration in potatoes and sugar syrups.
In canned tuna, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) prevents harmless struvite crystals from forming.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in leather treatment to remove iron stains.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is widely used globally in food industry for baking reaction purpose.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is also used to stabilize the solution of hydrogen peroxide against reduction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in petroleum industry as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) also has a wide use in dairy and poultry processes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is an inorganic compound, which consists sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
This is white in color and has water-soluble solids, which serve as a buffering and chelating agent.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is massively in various applications in Used as improving agent in food industry, pH regulating agent, metal ion complex agent, emulsion, dispersing agent and adhesive
agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is applied in the processing of meat and aquatic products in order to hold water, keep the meat fresh and tender, stabilize the natural color and prevent fat from putridity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in the production of yeast powder and cheese etc.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is also termed sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphate, and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.

In leather treatment, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.

When added to scalding water, it facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
In petroleum production, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) may be used as leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.

As a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
For industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is applied to oil area as a drilling fluid.

Safety Profile Of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28):
Moderately toxic by ingestion and subcutaneous routes.
An irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx, and Na2O.,

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) is a source of phosphorus, and excessive intake of phosphorus can be a concern for individuals with certain health conditions, such as kidney problems.
In such cases, high phosphorus intake may contribute to imbalances in mineral metabolism.
Individuals with specific health concerns should consult with healthcare professionals or dietitians to determine appropriate dietary choices.

While rare, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to specific food additives, including Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28) in food products is subject to regulatory standards and guidelines.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate (SAPP-28)'s important for food manufacturers to comply with these regulations to ensure the safety of the final products.
Consumers can rely on regulatory agencies to set permissible levels of food additives and monitor their use in the food industry.

SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 acts as a buffer, leavening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer and as an adhesive.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40's chemical Formula is Na2 H2 P2 O7.


CAS Number: 7758-16-9
EC Number: 231-835-0
E number: E450(i) (thickeners, ...)
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7



SYNONYMS:
disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt (8ci), sapp 40, disodiumdiphosphate, sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate(sapp), sodium acid pyrophosphate (sapp), dspp, dihydrogen disodium pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate (na2h2p2o7), sodiumpyrophosphate,acid, dinatriumpyrophosphat, disodium pytophospha, disodium pyrophosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, disodium pytophosphate, diphosphoricacid, disodium salt (9ci), sodiumpyrophosphate (na2h2p2o7) (6ci), sapp 28, sapp-rd 1, disodium dihydrogendiphosphate (na2h2p2o7), sodium hydrogen phosphate (na2h2p2o7), SAPP, Diphosphoric Acid, Disodium Salt, Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate, Disodium Diphosphate, disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt (8ci), sapp 40, disodiumdiphosphate, sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate(sapp), sodium acid pyrophosphate (sapp), dspp, dihydrogen disodium pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate (na2h2p2o7), sodiumpyrophosphate,acid, dinatriumpyrophosphat, disodium pytophospha, disodium pyrophosphate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, disodium pytophosphate, diphosphoricacid, disodium salt (9ci), sodiumpyrophosphate (na2h2p2o7) (6ci), sapp 28, sapp-rd 1, disodium dihydrogendiphosphate (na2h2p2o7), sodium hydrogen phosphate (na2h2p2o7), Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt, Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, Disodium diphosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP, Diphosphoric Acid Disodium Salt, Disodium Dihydrogen Pyrophosphate,
Disodium Pyrophosphate, E 450, SAPP, SAPP Food Grade, SAPP, E450(i), Disodium Pyrophosphate,



Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white powder or granular.
Relative density of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is 1.86g/cm3.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.


In baking powder, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO2−) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a time-release leavening acid, which reacts over time.
There are several grades of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 (SAPP 21, SAPP 26, SAPP 28, SAPP 37, SAPP 40, SAPP 43, and SAPP 45), each with different reaction rates, which are controlled by the manufacturing process.


The higher the number, the faster the reaction rate.
Typically, the fastest Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 that the product can tolerate is used to ensure a complete reaction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white, crystalline powder or granular substance.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.


When crystallized from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature. Pyrophosphate is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).


In the United States, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
If its aqueous solution is heated together with diluted inorganic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 will be hydrolyzed into phosphoric acid.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is hydroscopic, and when absorbing humidity it will become into a product with hexa-hydrates.
If it is heated at a temperature above 220℃, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 will be decomposed into sodium meta phosphate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 acts as a buffer, leavening agent, emulsifier, and stabilizer and as an adhesive.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40's chemical Formula is Na2 H2 P2 O7.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white, water-soluble that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.


When crystallised from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 forms hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is available in a variety of grades that effect the speed of its action.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40, also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, is a versatile chemical compound with a wide range of applications, primarily within the food and beverage industry.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is known to impart a characteristic off-flavor termed ‘pyro’ to the final product.
This flavor can be masked with sugar, calcium, and flavoring agents.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is also known as disodium diphosphate.
The leavening acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an important component of double acting baking powder as well as self rising flour.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 reacts in stages and is desirable in baking applications for its slow action.


Initially, when moisture is added to form a dough, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 reacts with baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) to produce carbon dioxide gas.
In fact, 22-40% of gas is released during this initial two-minute mix.


The remaining gas, over 50%, is released when heat is applied during the baking process.
In the eighteenth century and earlier, bakers relied upon yeast to leaven all baked goods.
However, using yeast for leavening baked goods was tedious and bakers began to explore the use of chemical leavening systems.


In 1846, baking soda was discovered as a leavening agent and that led to further discoveries of acids to react with baking soda, such as Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40.
Commercially, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 was introduced into baking powder blends towards the end of the nineteenth century.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 belongs to the class of phosphates and serves various functions, owing to its unique chemical properties.
SAPP 21 and SAPP 26 have the slowest rate within the Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 products and are commonly used in refrigerated canned biscuits and cake mixes and for products made using long production cycles.


SAPP 28 is commonly used in commercial baking powder intended for all-purpose and institutional baking done in large batches that have long holding or bench times.
SAPP 37, SAPP 40, SAPP 43, and SAPP 45 have the fastest reaction rates within the SAPP products and are commonly used in cake and cake doughnut production.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is composed of sodium cations (Na+) and the pyrophosphate anion (P2O7^4-).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40's chemical formula is Na2H2P2O7, reflecting its composition.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 also known as Di-sodium Di-phosphate is an inorganic compound of sodium and pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is white and soluble in water.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is manufactured with double drying process like other Pyrophosphates due to heating needed at a high temperature.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 also known as disodium pyrophosphate, is an inorganic compound composed of sodium cation and pyrophosphate anion.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white, water-soluble solid, commonly used as a buffer and chelating agent and has many applications in food processing industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white powder, soluble in water, insoluble in ethanol.


The water solution of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is alkaline.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white powdered, non-flammable substance that is odorless and has a bitter taste.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is also known as Disodium pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40's chemical formula is (Na2H2P2O7).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an anhydrous white material.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 serves as a buffering, chelating and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40, also known as disodium pyrophosphate, is a white, water soluble solid that has many applications in the food industry.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an anhydrous, white powdered solid.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white powder or granular.
The relative density of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is 1.86g/cm3.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.


If its aqueous solution is heated together with diluted inorganic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 will be hydrolyzed into phosphoric acid.
The leavening acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an important component of double acting baking powder as well as self rising flour.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.


If its aqueous solution is heated together with diluted inorganic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 will be hydrolyzed into Phosphoric Acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is hygroscopic, and when absorbing humidity it will become into a product with hexahydrate.
If it is heated at a temperature above 220℃, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 will be decomposed into sodium metaphosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 reacts in stages and is desirable in baking applications for its slow – medium and fast action.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is hydroscopic, and when absorbing humidity it will become into a product with hexa-hydrates.
If it is heated at a temperature above 220°C, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 will be decomposed into sodium meta phosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a White powder, soluble in water, acidic property appeared in aqueous solution.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white powder or granular.
Relative density of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is 1.86g/cm3.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a preferred leavening acid because it is less expensive and stronger than other leavening acids introduced previously.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40, or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a white, water-soluble solid.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40, also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate, is white crystalline powder, which has the relative density of 1.864 and can decompose into sodium metaphosphate when it is heated above 220℃.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is easily soluble in water and can form chelates with Cu2+ and Fe2+.
The aqueous solution of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid by heating with dilute sulfuric acid or dilute mineral acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.
As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is applied to roast foodstuffs to control the fermentation speed.


When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can shorten water resetting time and avoid stickiness and mushiness of the noodles.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time and can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and seafood processing. Strengthen the feed nutrition.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 acts as a buffer, leaven, modifier, emulsifier, nutrient and canning preservative in foods, oil drilling, detergent, chemical stabiliser.
In the food industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a buffer, leavening agent, chelating agent, stabilizer, emulsifier and color improver.


Canned food: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used buffering agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in electroplating, metal cleaning and phosphatising, drilling muds, baking powders and leavening agent, buffer, sequestrant, peptising agent in cheese and meat products, frozen desserts.


Ham: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as improving agent in food industry, pH regulating agent, metal ion complex agent, emulsion, dispersing agent and adhesive agent.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is applied in the processing of meat and aquatic products in order to hold water, keep the meat fresh and tender, stabilize the natural color and prevent fat from putridity. Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is also used in the production of yeast powder and cheese etc.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is commonly used in the food industry as a leavening agent, acidulant, or buffer.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 releases Carbon Dioxide slowly upon reaction with Sodium Bicarbonate.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can also be used to maintain color in things like canned seafood or frozen potato products like hashbrowns.
Meat: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is sequestrant agent.


One of the prominent uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is as a leavening agent in baking.
When incorporated into dough or batter, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 reacts with other components, releasing carbon dioxide gas.
This gas formation contributes to the expansion and rising of the dough, resulting in a light and airy texture in baked goods.


Typical Uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40: Baking Powder, Cake Mixes, Cupcakes, Doughnuts, Leavening Agent, and Refrigerated Dough.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used Baking Powder, Cake Mixes, Frozen dough, Canned crab, Self-raising flour, Strawberry-flavoured milk (keeps colour pink), Sausages, French fries, Hash Browns, Restructured poultry, and Canned tuna.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 functions as a buffering agent, helping to regulate and stabilize the pH of food products.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is particularly useful in maintaining the acidity or alkalinity of certain processed foods, ensuring optimal taste, texture, and appearance.


This pH control is vital in the production of products like canned vegetables, processed cheeses, and meat products.
In addition to its role in leavening and pH control, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 serves as a stabilizer in various food applications.
This leavening action is crucial in the production of various baked items such as cakes, muffins, and pancakes.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 helps prevent undesirable changes in color, texture, and flavor that can occur during the shelf life of processed foods.
This quality maintenance aspect is crucial for extending the longevity and consumer acceptability of products ranging from sauces and dressings to processed meats.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 also exhibits emulsifying properties, aiding in the formation and stabilization of emulsions in certain food products.
Furthermore, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 contributes to water retention, enhancing the moisture content and overall succulence of meats and other food items.


It is important to note that the use of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 in food products is subject to regulatory guidelines and permissible limits set by food safety authorities.
When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can shorten water resetting time and avoid stickiness and mushiness of the noodles.


When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used during the phosphating process of metal treatment.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a builder in acid cleaners.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 also sequesters Fe and Cu.
Manufacturers adhere to these standards to ensure the safety and compliance of their products.


In conclusion, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a multifunctional ingredient that plays a pivotal role in the food industry, contributing to the texture, taste, and stability of a diverse array of processed foods.

Its versatility makes Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 a valuable component in the formulation of various culinary products, balancing functionality with regulatory compliance.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a chemical compound commonly used as a leavening agent in baking and a buffering agent in various food and beverage applications.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 helps control the pH of food products and contributes to the texture and appearance of baked goods by producing carbon dioxide gas, which causes dough to rise.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in leather treatment to remove iron stains.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is widely used globally in food industry for baking reaction purpose.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is also used to stabilize the solution of hydrogen peroxide against reduction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in petroleum industry as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 also has a wide use in dairy and poultry processes.
As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is applied to roast foodstuffs to control the fermentation speed.
Additionally, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is utilized as a stabilizer in certain processed foods to maintain their freshness and quality.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used buffer; emulsifier; leavening agent; sequestrant.
The European food additive number for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is E450(i).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.


Frozen raw dough used in biscuits and bread products uses slow acidic sodium acid pyrophosphate, which requires the release of carbon dioxide at a slower starting rate during preparation and packaging, and a large release of gas during baking.
Low gas rate means that food-grade sodium acid pyrophosphate and sodium bicarbonate emit no more than 22% of the total carbon dioxide in 8 minutes


The cake class uses medium-speed type sodium acid pyrophosphate, which produces a part of the gas in the early stage and then produces a part of the gas after heating.
As a leavening agent Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is applied to roast foodstuffs to control the fermentation speed.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid and is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 has unique chemical properties that make it versatile in different processes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 acts as a leavening agent in food production, helping dough rise and creating a light texture in baked goods.


When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can shorten water resetting time and avoid stickiness and mushiness of the noodles.
When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.


If the initial baking gas production is too much, the volume is rapidly puffed, at this time the cake tissue has not condensed, the finished product is prone to collapse and the organization is thicker, and the latter can not continue to puff.
The fermentation used in the buns and buns, due to the relatively hard dough, needs to produce gas slightly faster, if the condensation after the production of gas too much, the finished product will appear "flowering" phenomenon.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is often used as a sequestrant, buffering agent, and raising agent in baked goods, cheese and meat products.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is mainly used in the bakery industry at a leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may also be blended with other phosphates.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used for water retention in processed meats and used to maintain the appearance and texture of uncooked fruits and vegetables.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as buffering agent, leavening agent, sequestrant agent.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used in canned food, ham, meat,baking powder and so on.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in food mainly for its two properties:
In addition to its culinary uses, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is utilized as a buffering agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food processing.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 also finds application as a corrosion inhibitor, pH adjuster, and chelating agent in various industries.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40’s multifunctionality and compatibility with other ingredients make it a valuable component in many formulations.
The vast majority of the gas required is provided by puffing agents.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a commonly used compound puffer a carbon dioxide gas produced by the action of sodium bicarbonate and acidic salts.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a widely used acidic salt, which is used in a variety of baked and fried foods.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used in canned food, ham, meat, baking powder and so on.


As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may shorten ferme time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.
Uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40: Leavening Agent, Food Processing, pH Adjuster, Maintains Color, Improve Water-holding Capacity, Reduce Purge during Retorting, and Canned Seafood


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as leavening agent in baking powders, combining with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in meat processing to accelerate development of red color in wieners, bologna, and other emulsion-type meat products.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used as an emulsifying agent during cheese processing to produce a hard, non-melting cheese product.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is widely used as thinner in oil well drilling muds and even as an industrial cleaner.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a deflocculant (thinner) in freshwater mud systems.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used as leavening agent and Sequestrant, which complies wtih the speicifiation of FCC as food additives.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in oil well drilling together with drilling mud to give a coating along the wall of the wells, by which the surface become hard and does not collapse while pipes are being inserted.


Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the taste.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is designated in the USA as generally recognized as safe for food use.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in canned seafood to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a leavening acid that combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.


Cake doughnuts are an important application for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40, where initial gas production is necessary for buoyancy in a fryer system.
Other non-bakery food applications of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 include use as a chelating agent for processed potatoes, an emulsifying agent in cheeses and a curing accelerator in processed meats.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 dispersant is used in much the same manner as polyphosphate dispersants and is subject to the same temperature limitations.
Processed potatoes are protected from iron-induced darkening when treated with Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40.
Addition of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 to albacore tuna during canning decreases or prevents formation of struvite crystals.


Due to its acidic nature, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is especially effective for treating cement contamination.
In non-dairy creamers, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is added to protect the proteins from heat dehydration, to stabilize the fat emulsion, and to buffer the product.


Sodium pyrophosphate is used as a fast fermentation agent, quality improver, puffer, buffer, etc.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in food processing, and is often used as an acidic ingredient in synthetic puffing agents such as bread and pastries.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite in cured meats and can improve water-holding capacity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is also found in potato products, where it prevents darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be also be used in leather treatment; In some dairy applications for cleaning purposes and in petroleum production; etc.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as Medium action, used in standard baking powders, prepared doughnut mixes, various mixes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time and can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and sea food processing.


End Uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40: Seafood Products, Processed Meat Products
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may be used as leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
For industry, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is applied to oil area as a drilling fluid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 has a dough reaction rate of 24 – 28.
SAPP-28 is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.


When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can shorten water resetting time and avoid stickiness and mushiness of the noodles
When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order and therefore lengthen the shelf life.


In petroleum production, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is speedly fermentation, water retaining agent and quality improver, used in bread, biscuits, meat, aquatic products and so on.
As quality improver, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 enhances complexation,PH value and Ionic strength.


According to rules, its max adding quantity is 3.0g/KG in biscuits and 1.0-3.0g/KG in bread.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, coagulant, emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, protein modifier, and sequestrant.


An all-purpose phosphate, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is commonly used in prepared mixes commercial baking powders and cake doughnut mixes.
A fast acting leavening phosphate, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is typically used in bakery applications such as cake doughnut mixes cake mixes breadings and batters.


Also, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is useful for cakes, where initial gas production is necessary for consistency of pan fill.
Because Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is slow acting and does not react quickly with baking soda, it is the most commonly used leavening acid for self rising flour for the home baker.


Because Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can have a slight bitter taste, it’s important to use sufficient baking soda in applications as well as use this leavening acid in combination with sugary goods such as doughnuts and cakes.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used primarily in refrigerated biscuits cake mixes and frozen dough and batter.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used as a curing accelerator to preserve colour during storage in products such as frankfurters bologna and similar products.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a hog and poultry scald agent.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in meat and poultry applications to decrease the amount of cooked out juices.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is often used to break up mud rings when water drilling and is also used to thin out cement before cementing casing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as buffering agent, leavening agent, sequestrant agent.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used in canned food, ham, meat,baking powder and so on.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used bread, cakes, bread, and other foods are characterized by spongy porous tissue to create a soft taste.
In order to achieve this, a sufficient amount of gas must be kept in the dough.


The water vapor produced by the heating of the air and moisture in the material mixture during baking can cause the product to produce some spongy tissue, but the amount of gas is far from enough.
Main Uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40: Rapid leavening agent, quality improver, buffer agent, chelator, stabilizer, emulsifier, color improver, etc…


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is usually used in food processing industry.
Material uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40: Food processing-leavening agent, sequestrant, emulsifier, buffer.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used Cosmetics- toothpastes, cleaners.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used Industries- metal treatment, textile, water treatment, drilling mud.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.


When applied to instant noodles, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can shorten water resetting time and avoid the stickiness and mushiness of the noodles.
When applied to crackers or cakes, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may shorten fermentation time, lower the breakage, make the porous space in good order, and therefore lengthen the shelf life.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in food, Food ingredients, buffer, sequestrate, deflocculate, peptizing agent in cheese and meat products, dairy cleaners, drilling mud, metal cleaning and phosphatizing, Selected types for baking powders, baking creams and as a leavening agent for prepared doughnut and cake mixes.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 dispersant is efficient for bentonite muds and is often used in conjunction with a tannin or quebracho compound.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 dispersant can also be used to treat calcium contamination, especially contamination resulting from cement.
Because of its acidic nature, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 dispersant is not normally used in muds where the pH exceeds 9.5.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is Baking powder, used in baking and to control the fermenting speed, to increase the producing strength.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in instant noodles to reduce time after subjecting to water.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is also used in biscuits and cakes, to reduce fermenting time, to decrease the destroying, to maintain the clear gaps, finally to extend products storage.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.


In baking powdeer, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming the nitrous acid intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.


In leather treatment, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
Non-leavening, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a chelate including in meats or industrial products.


When added to scalding water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 in petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is among the most widely used leavening agent, and is offered in a range of leavening speeds, depending on the product type.
Non-leavening, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a chelate including in meats or industrial products.


In canned seafood, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
In leather treatment, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as buffering agent, leavening agent, sequestrant agent.
As a leavening agent, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is applied to roast foodstuffs to control the fermentation speed.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can also be found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used to strengthen the feed nutrition.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as buffering agent, leavening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a leavening agent, reducing zymosis time and can also be used as a water retention agent, and a quality improver for meat and sea food processing.


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used in canned food, ham, meat,baking powder and so on.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as leavening agent that releases carbon dioxide slowly upon reaction with sodium bicarbonate.


-Applications in Industrial Fields:
In leather processing, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used to remove iron stains from raw hides during processing. It can stabilize the hydrogen peroxide solution against reduction.

In certain dairy applications, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used with sulfamic acid for cleaning, especially soapstone removal.
In oil production, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used as a dispersant for oil well drilling mud.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a tartar control agent in toothpaste.


-In cementing applications, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used for two primary purposes:
1. Contaminated drilling mud can result in fluid loss, thickening time, and viscosity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used to disperse and displace drilling muds to avoid mud being affected by cement contamination.

2. Solids carrying fluid or drilling mud must be removed from the perforation channels and the rock face to allow a good cement bond and complete fill-up of the voids.
Incorporating Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 into the spacer will help remove residual muds and provide a cleaner surface to which the cement can bond.


-Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 assists and promotes the following functions and applications:
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 decreases the viscosity and gel strengths in freshwater drilling fluids.
• Actively thins out reactive clays.
• Aids break up clay particles and sediments, which enables them to be extracted during oil well development.
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in the chemical clean up of fluids which have been contaminated by cement.


-Food uses of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:

Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.



APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40 IN FOOD:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as baking powder in baking food to control the degree of fermentation and improve the production intensity.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used for instant noodles to shorten the rehydration time of the finished product, so that instant noodles won’t be sticky or rotten.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in sausages to enhance flavor and color.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in biscuits and cakes, it can shorten the fermentation time, reduce the product breakage rate, loosen the gaps neatly, and prolong the storage period.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used as a quality improver for bakery foods such as bread, biscuits, meat and aquatic products, etc.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can improve the complex metal ions, PH value and ionic strength of foods, thereby improving the adhesion and water holding capacity of foods,

In French Fries, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can reduce levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can also prevent discoloration of potatoes and syrup.
In canned tuna, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can prevent the formation of harmless struvite crystals.

In canned seafood, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can retain color during cooking and reduce cleaning.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 accelerates the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming a nitrous acid intermediate and can improve water retention.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used in frozen hash browns and other potato products to prevent potatoes from darkening.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 may leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but adding calcium ions, sugar, or flavoring can mask the taste.



SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40 USES IN WATER TREATMENT:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 has limited direct uses in water treatment processes.
However, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can indirectly contribute to certain aspects of water treatment.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is sometimes employed as a pH adjuster and buffering agent in water treatment applications where precise pH control is necessary.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can help stabilize and maintain the desired pH range, optimizing treatment processes.
Additionally, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can act as a sequestering agent, chelating metal ions and preventing their precipitation or interference with water treatment chemicals.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40's ability to bind with metal ions aids in minimizing scaling and maintaining the efficiency of water treatment equipment.
While its direct applications in water treatment may be limited, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40’s properties make it valuable in specific instances where pH adjustment and metal sequestration are crucial for effective water treatment operations.



BENEFITS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
*Non- aluminum.
*White free-flowing crystalline powder.
*Would hydrolyze to sodium orthophosphate if exposed to environment.
*Excellent leavening acid.
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is made of thermal process phosphoric acid, will release more CO2 rapidly.
*Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 has no bitter taste and a good smell.



ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is widely available and economical thinner effective for treatment of cement contamination
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is concentrated chemical that is effective at low treatment levels
• Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used with most water-base mud types



COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is manufactured by partially neutralizing food grade phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to form monosodium phosphate.
Dehydration of monosodium phosphate at 250°C will form Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40.
Currently, there is no known natural method for the production of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40.



FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
Leavening acids provide air and volume to the baked good structure, but also affect the characteristics of the dough.
Besides reacting with baking soda to produce the gas carbon dioxide, these acids form ionic bonds with the starches and proteins in the dough.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 dissolves readily to form the anion pyrophosphate which interacts with the proteins in a baked good system to provide a moist texture.
Also, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 provides a buffer system for the dough in the pH range 7.3-7.5, which influences the color of the baked product.



NUTRITION OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
21 grams of sodium and 28 grams of phosphorus are present in 100 grams of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40.



SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40'S KEY ADVANTAGES ARE:
• Aids in the removal of calcium and reduces pH in cement contaminated fluids.
• At low concentration levels, it is fast-acting and effective.



FUNCTIONALITY OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is very stable.
While individually they provide numerous controlled rates of CO2 release, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can also be combined to adapt to many variables in the application – the varying pH of flour, milk, and shortening for example, and also variations in the proportions of other ingredients.

In primary release during dough or batter preparation, our five grades of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 yield from 22% to 43% of carbon dioxide gas during a two-minute mixing period and exhibit only slight bench action.
Decide in which stages you need the CO2 to be released and pick the appropriate grade of Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40.



PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is a wWhite powder or granular;Relative density 1.86g/cm3;Soluble in water and insoluble in ethanol.
If its aqueous solution is heated together with diluted inorganic acid, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 will be hydrolyzed into phosphoric acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is hydroscopic, and when absorbing humidity it will become into a product with hexa-hydrates.
If Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is heated at a temperature above 220℃, it will be decomposed into sodium meta phosphate.



FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
*Decorative candy Maximum usage: 5.0g/kg
*Batter Maximum usage: 5.0g/kg
*Multigrain powder Maximum usage: 5.0g/kg
*Other multigrain products (only frozen French fries, frozen hash browns) Maximum usage: 1.5g/kg
*Bread Maximum usage: 3.0g/kg
*Biscuit Maximum usage: 3.0g/kg



ADVANTAGES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 acts as a general buffer and acidifying agent in cleaning formulations.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used for stabilization of Hydrogen peroxide solution.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is used to remove iron stains during leather tanning.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 can be used to furnish acidity to product reactions and its specific slow acting properties are extremely valuable in commercial baking powder.
•Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate SAPP40 is also used in electroplating and slurry thinning



BENEFITS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
*Controlled leavening acid
*Prevents oxidation/colour change
*Humectant
*Buffering agent
*Stabiliser
*Acidulant



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
Formula: H2Na2O7P2
Molecular Weight: 221.94
EINECS: 231-835-0
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7
Molar mass: 221.94 g/mol
Appearance: White odorless powder
Density: 2.31 g/cm3
Melting point: >600 °C
Solubility in water: 11.9 g/100 mL (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4645 (hexahydrate)
CAS No.: 7758-16-9
EINECS No.: 231-835-0
MF: Na2H2P2O7
Molecular weight: 221.94

Appearance: White Powder
Chemical Formula: Na2H2P2O7
Physical State: White crystalline powder or granules
Solubility: Soluble in water
pH: Acidic
Density: Approximately 1.86 g/cm³
Melting Point: Decomposes above 220 °C (428 °F)
Odor: Odorless
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
PH: 4 To 4.5 %
Loss on drying: <2%
Matter Insoluble In water: <0.5
P205: Min 62%
Heavy metals as Pb: <0.01%
Assay: >90%

Melting point: decomposes 220℃
density (hexahydrate): 1.86
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: -70°C
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: white powder
color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water.
Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09

Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
Product Name: Disodium pyrophosphate
Other Name: Diphosphoric acid,sodium salt (1:2)
CAS No.: 7758-16-9
Molecular Formula: H4O7P2.2Na
Molecular Weight: 221.939
Exact Mass: 221.907
EC Number: 231-835-0
UNII: H5WVD9LZUD DSS
Tox ID: DTXSID8028842
Color/Form: White crystalline powder

HScode: 28353990
Categories:Leavening Agent
PSA: 149.57 XLogP3: 0.0648
Appearance: white powder
Density: 2.311 g/cm3 (25°C)
Melting Point: 988°C
Water Solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Storage Conditions: Warehouse ventilation dry at low temperature
PH:Between 3,7 and 5,0 (1 % solution)
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7
Molecular Weight: 221.94
White crystalline powder or granules
Soluble in water



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE SAPP40:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is mapped to human chromosome 21q21.3.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP encodes a integral membrane protein.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is a soluble protein generated by sequential cleavage with α and γ secretase.

CAS: 7758-16-9
MF: H5NaO7P2
MW: 201.97
EINECS: 231-835-0

Synonyms
DisodiuM pytophospha;TwosodiuM pyrophosphatetwo hydrogen;Amyloid Precursor Protein β, Secreted;ANTI-DSPP (N-TERM) antibody produced in rabbit;Dentin sialophosphoprotein;SodiuM pyrophosphate dibasic practical grade;SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DIBASIC BIOULTR;Food Grade Sodium;Acid Pyrophosphate;7758-16-9;Disodium diphosphate;Sodium acid pyrophosphate;Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate;DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE;H5WVD9LZUD;disodium;[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate;MFCD00014246;Disodium acid pyrophosphate;Dinatriumpyrophosphat;Disodiumpytophosphate;Dinatriumpyrophosphat [German];Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate;Disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate;HSDB 377;Pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt;UNII-H5WVD9LZUD;Sodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7);EINECS 231-835-0;Sodium diphosphate dibasic;disodium pyrophosphate 2-;disodium hydrogen (hydrogen phosphonatooxy)phosphonate;Grahamsches salz;Glassy sodium phosphate;DSSTox_CID_8842;sodium dihydrogendiphosphate;EC 231-835-0;DSSTox_RID_78658;DSSTox_GSID_28842;SODIUMACIDPYROPHOSPHATE;Sodium pyrophosphate, dibasic
;Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate;CHEMBL3184949;EINECS 272-808-3;Tox21_200813;DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB];DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI];DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF];AKOS015916169;AKOS024418779;SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [MI];Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2);SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC];NCGC00258367-01;SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF];CAS-68915-31-1;di-sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate anhydrous

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is a white crystalline solid that has an anhydrous form.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used as a buffering agent and is also a substrate for film forming polymers.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP has been shown to have the ability to inhibit cell lysis in vitro, which may be due to its hydrophobic properties.
The surface methodology used for Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP included the use of a hydrophobic surface with water vapor, which helped to prevent the adsorption of proteins onto the surface of the product.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP has been shown to be an effective buffer at optimum concentrations, with no harmful effects on fetal bovine or neuronal cells.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is a condensed phosphate, commonly synthesized by the neutralization of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate at the ratio of 1:1 to produce monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), and then heated approximately 250°C to remove the water.

2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used in food mainly for its two properties:

As a leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
As a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP), or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, its food grade is commonly used with sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent in bakery products; also, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP maintains the color in processed potatoes and also prevents struvite crystal in canned seafood.
The European food additive number for it is E450(i).
Generally, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is vegan and gluten free.
The leavening acid, sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an important component of double acting baking powder as well as self rising flour.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP reacts in stages and is desirable in baking applications for its slow action.
Disodium pyrophosphate or sodium acid pyrophosphate (SAPP) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H2P2O2−7).
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallized from water, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate:

2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP Chemical Properties
Melting point: decomposes 220℃ [MER06]
Density: (hexahydrate) 1.86
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
Storage temp.: -70°C
Solubility H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: white powder
Color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water. Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09
Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H4O7P2.H/c;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6;/h;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6);
InChIKey: IQTFITJCETVNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.420 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 7758-16-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP (7758-16-9)

Disodium dihydrogendiphosphate, disodium diphosphate, acidic sodium pyrophosphate, Na2H2P2O7, Mr 221.97, d 2.31.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP's solubility in water is 13g Na2H2P2O7/100g H2O at 20 °C, and 20g at 80°C.
The pH of a 1% aqueous solution is 4.1.
The usual commercial product is the anhydrous, nonhygroscopic salt in powder form.
The hexahydrate, Na2H2P2O7.6H2O, d 1.85, crystallizes from aqueous solution below 27 °C.
Above this temperature, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is converted to the anhydrous form.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used as a (tropically stable) acid carrier in baking powder, for improvement of flow properties in flour, for pH regulation, and in dental care products for prevention of tartar formation.

Uses
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is a leavening agent, preservative, sequestrant, and buffer which is mildly acidic with a ph of 4.1.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is also termed sapp, sodium acid pyrophosphate, acid sodium pyrophosphate, disodium diphosphate, and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate.

Food uses
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:

Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).
In the United States, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting. Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powder, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is often labeled as food additive E450.

In cured meats, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO−2) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings."

Other uses
In leather treatment, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
In petroleum production, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.

Biochem/physiol Actions
Amyloid precursor protein α is an α-secretase-cleaved soluble protein that has been shown to have neuroprotective properties.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is derived from amyloid precursor protein.
The protein consists of 612 amino acids.
Several G protein-coupled receptors are known to activate α-secretase-dependent processing of APP.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotrophic functions.
Amyloid precursor protein a also stimulates gene expression and protein expression.

Preparation
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP is produced from sodium dihydrogenmonophosphate by heating at 200-250℃:
Na2CO3+2H3PO4→2NaH2PO4+H2O+CO2↑
2NaH2PO4→Na2H2P2O7+H2O
SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP (E450)
DESCRIPTION:

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Na2H2P2O7.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen pyrophosphate anions (H2P2O2−7).
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.

CAS Number: 7758-16-9
EC Number: 231-835-0
Chemical formula: Na2H2P2O7


SYNONYMS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP (E450):
Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate; Diphosphoric acid, disodium salt;Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate; Disodium diphosphate;Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP




Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is the disodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is a white, odorless crystallized solid known under the European code E450(a) and CAS 7758-16-9.
Phosphates are the salts of phosphoric acid (E338).
Diphosphates perform several functions.

These are notably humectants.
For example, they allow you to obtain a very juicy ham.
They also ensure a uniform distribution of ingredients in an ice cream or dairy product.



When crystallized from water, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature. Pyrophosphate is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations, e.g. Ca2+.
Disodium pyrophosphate is produced by heating sodium dihydrogen phosphate:
2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O


Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion. It is used in food mainly for its two properties:
As a leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
As a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.


HOW IS SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP (E450) MADE?
SAPP is a condensed phosphate, commonly synthesized by the neutralization of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate at the ratio of 1:1 to produce monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), and then heated approximately 250°C to remove the water.
2 NaH2PO4 → Na2H2P2O7 + H2O



USES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP (E450)
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide:
Na2H2P2O7 + NaHCO3 → Na3HP2O7 + CO2 + H2O

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, SAPP is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.
Disodium pyrophosphate in baking powder, New Zealand, 1950s
Disodium pyrophosphate and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).


In the United States, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is used to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.

In baking powder, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO−2) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate, and can improve water-holding capacity.
Disodium pyrophosphate is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.

Disodium pyrophosphate can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings."[1]

OTHER USES:
In leather treatment, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.

When added to scalding water, it facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
In petroleum production, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.[6]
Disodium pyrophosphate is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.




USE OF SODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE IN FOOD:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is a buffering, emulsifying and thickening agent.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is widely used as a food additive.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is included in the formulas of certain chemical yeasts.

Here are examples of products where sodium pyrophosphate is used: certain infant foods (biscuits and rusks), fluid milk, dairy products, certain cheeses, butter, ice creams, flours, breakfast cereals, bread products, sauces, molluscs, crustaceans, refreshing non-alcoholic drinks, soups, certain spirits, aperitif biscuits, processed potato products, processed cooked meat in particular.

Other uses: Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is used in toothpastes as a tartar control agent by preventing the binding of calcium and magnesium.


Generally, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) food grade is used as an acid component in baking powder; as a chelating agent or combines with other polyphosphates to sequester magnesium and iron ions, e.g. chelate iron during the processing of potatoes to prevent a dark discoloration.

In the bakery, Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is a slow leavening acid and it may contain a suitable aluminum and/or calcium salt to control the rate of reaction.
Bakery
Canned SeaFood
Potato Products

Bakery:
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is used together with baking powder as a leavening agent to release carbon dioxide.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is ideal for refrigerated doughs, cakes, muffins and pancake mixes where a slow reaction rate is desired.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is often used with fast-acting leavenings such as monocalcium phosphate in double-acting baking powder or sometimes added with another slow action leavening acid, GDL.

Both SAPP and GDL have a slightly bitter aftertaste.

Canned seafood:
Struvite crystal is occasionally found in canned seafood, and Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is used to inhibit its formation, such as in canned tuna. (1)

Potato products:
SAPP can be used to replace sulfur dioxide, sulfites and bisulfites to maintain the appearance and texture of cooked potato products.
The application of SAPP reduces the dark color from after-cooking darkening in cooked and processed potato products, such as in oil-blanched french fries and potato salad.

Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) is the naturally present or equipment iron that generates “after cooking darkening” in potatoes.
SAPP stabilizes the color of potatoes and prevents the iron complex from forming a dark pigment due to its strong sequestering properties.

Is Sodium acid pyrophosphate Safe?
Yes, its safety when used as a food additive has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), as well as other authorities.

FDA:
SAPP is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing practice (2) AND can be used as a color or coloring adjunct, dough strengthener, emulsifier or emulsifier salt, flavoring agent or adjuvant, flour treating agent, formulation aid, leavening agent, oxidizing or reducing agent, and sequestrant in food. (3)


EFSA:
Disodium diphosphate (E450i) is listed in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 as an authorised food additive and categorized as “additives other than colours and sweeteners”





BENEFITS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP (E450)

Controlled leavening acid
Prevents oxidation/colour change
Humectant
Buffering agent
Stabiliser
Acidulant


APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP (E450)

Baking Powder
Cake Mixes
Frozen dough
Canned crab
Self-raising flour
Strawberry-flavoured milk (keeps colour pink)
Sausages
French fries
Hash Browns
Restructured poultry
Canned tuna







CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP (E450)
Chemical formula Na2H2P2O7
Molar mass 221.936 g•mol−1
Appearance White odorless powder
Density 2.31 g/cm3
Melting point > 600 °C
Solubility in water 11.9 g/(100 mL) (20 °C)
Refractive index (nD) 1.4645 (hexahydrate)
Assay ≥ 95.0 %
Moisture (at 110oC) ≤ 0.50 %
pH (1 % Solution) 4.0 – 4.6
Water Insoluble Matter ≤ 0.1 %
Phosphate (P2O5) 63.0 – 64.5 %
Rate of CO2 Release (at 2 mins) 13.0 – 17.0 %
Neutralising Value ≥ 72.0 %
Fluoride (As F) ≤ 10.0 ppm
Arsenic (As As) ≤ 3.0 ppm
Lead (As Pb) ≤ 2.0 ppm
Cadmium (As Cd) ≤ 1.0 ppm
Heavy Metals (As Pb) ≤ 10.0 ppm
Mercury (As Hg) ≤ 1.0 ppm
Particle Size Distribution
On 60 mesh (250 μm)
Through 200 mesh (75 μm)
≤ 0.5 %
≥ 90.0 %

Appearance:
White free-flowing crystalline powder or granular.
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate, SAPP (E450) would hydrolyze to sodium orthophosphate if exposed to the environment.

Solubility :
10g/100ml, 20°C in water. The PH value of 1% solution 4-4.5. Insoluble in ethanol.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP (E450)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.




SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE, SAPP FOOD GRADE
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade, also known as disodium pyrophosphate, is a white, water soluble solid that has many applications in the food industry.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a food-grade chemical compound that belongs to the group of sodium phosphates.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a white, crystalline powder or granular material with various applications in the food industry.

CAS Number: 7758-16-9
Molecular Formula: H5NaO7P2
Molcular Weight: 201.97
EINECS Number: 231-835-0

Synonyms: 7758-16-9, Disodium diphosphate, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, Disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE, H5WVD9LZUD, disodium;[hydroxy(oxido)phosphoryl] hydrogen phosphate, MFCD00014246, Disodium acid pyrophosphate, Dinatriumpyrophosphat, Disodiumpytophosphate, Dinatriumpyrophosphat [German], Disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, Disodium dihydrogenpyrophosphate, HSDB 377, Pyrophosphoric acid, disodium salt, UNII-H5WVD9LZUD, Sodium pyrophosphate (Na2H2P2O7), EINECS 231-835-0, Sodium diphosphate dibasic, disodium hydrogen (hydrogen phosphonatooxy)phosphonate, Grahamsches salz, Glassy sodium phosphate, DSSTox_CID_8842, sodium dihydrogendiphosphate, EC 231-835-0, DSSTox_RID_78658, DSSTox_GSID_28842, SODIUMACIDPYROPHOSPHATE, Sodium pyrophosphate, dibasic, Sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, CHEMBL3184949, EINECS 272-808-3, Tox21_200813, DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [HSDB], DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [INCI], DISODIUM PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF], AKOS015916169, AKOS024418779, SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [MI], Diphosphoric acid, sodium salt (1:2), SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [FCC], NCGC00258367-01, SODIUM ACID PYROPHOSPHATE [VANDF], CAS-68915-31-1, di-sodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate anhydrous.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grades relative density is 1.86.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade hydrolyzes to orthophosphate when heated in acid medium.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is hygroscopic, forms hexahydrate in damp air, and decomposes to metaphosphate at above 220℃.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade also known as Di-sodium Di-phosphate is an inorganic compound of sodium and pyrophosphate.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is white and soluble in water.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is manufactured with double drying process like other Pyrophosphates due to heating needed at a high temperature.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is solubility in water is 13g Na2H2P2O7/100g H2O at 20 °C, and 20g at 80°C.
The pH of a 1% aqueous solution is 4.1. The usual commercial product is the anhydrous, nonhygroscopic salt in powder form.

The hexahydrate, Na2H2P2O7.6H2O, d 1.85, crystallizes from aqueous solution below 27 °C.
Above this temperature, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is converted to the anhydrous form.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can act as a sequestering agent, chelating metal ions and preventing their precipitation or interference with water treatment chemicals.

Its ability to bind with metal ions aids in minimizing scaling and maintaining the efficiency of water treatment equipment.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a white, water-soluble that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.

When crystallised from water, it forms hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade combines with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is available in a variety of grades that effect the speed of its action.
Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the taste.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is designated in the USA as generally recognized as safe for food use.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in canned seafood to maintain color and reduce purge during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used as a (tropically stable) acid carrier in baking powder, for improvement of flow properties in flour, for pH regulation, and in dental care products for prevention of tartar formation.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is available in a variety of grades that affect the speed of its action.

Because the resulting phosphate residue has an off-taste, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is usually used in very sweet cakes which mask the off-taste.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is manufactured by partially neutralizing food grade phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to form monosodium phosphate.
Dehydration of monosodium phosphate at 250°C will form Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade.

Leavening acids provide air and volume to the baked good structure, but also affect the characteristics of the dough.
Besides reacting with baking soda to produce the gas carbon dioxide, these acids form ionic bonds with the starches and proteins in the dough.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade dissolves readily to form the anion pyrophosphate which interacts with the proteins in a baked good system to provide a moist texture.

Also, it provides a buffer system for the dough in the pH range 7.3-7.5, which influences the color of the baked product.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a white, crystalline powder or granular substance.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid and is commonly used as a food additive and in various industrial applications.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade has unique chemical properties that make it versatile in different processes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade acts as a leavening agent in food production, helping dough rise and creating a light texture in baked goods.
In addition to its culinary uses, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is utilized as a buffering agent, stabilizer, and emulsifier in food processing.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade also finds application as a corrosion inhibitor, pH adjuster, and chelating agent in various industries.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a slow leavening acid and it may contain a suitable aluminum and/or calcium salt to control the rate of reaction.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).

In the United States, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used to maintain color and reduce purge[clarification needed] during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powder, it is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO2−) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate,[clarification needed] and can improve water-holding capacity.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings."
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade has limited direct uses in water treatment processes.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can indirectly contribute to certain aspects of water treatment.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is sometimes employed as a pH adjuster and buffering agent in water treatment applications where precise pH control is necessary.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can help stabilize and maintain the desired pH range, optimizing treatment processes.

The leavening acid, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an important component of double acting baking powder as well as self rising flour.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade reacts in stages and is desirable in baking applications for its slow action.
Disodium pyrophosphate or Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a white, water-soluble solid that serves as a buffering and chelating agent, with many applications in the food industry.
When crystallized from water, it forms a hexahydrate, but it dehydrates above room temperature.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a polyvalent anion with a high affinity for polyvalent cations.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade, also known as disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, disodium pyrophosphate, is white crystalline powder, which has the relative density of 1.864 and can decompose into sodium metaphosphate when it is heated above 220℃.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is easily soluble in water and can form chelates with Cu2+ and Fe2+.
The aqueous solution can be hydrolyzed to phosphoric acid by heating with dilute sulfuric acid or dilute mineral acid.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is usually used in food processing industry.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade, or disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate, its food grade is commonly used with sodium bicarbonate as a leavening agent in bakery products; also, it maintains the color in processed potatoes and also prevents struvite crystal in canned seafood.
The European food additive number for it is E450(i).

Generally, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is vegan and gluten free.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is recognized as a food additive and is commonly used for its leavening, buffering, and emulsifying properties.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade serves as a buffering, chelating and leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade encodes a integral membrane protein.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a soluble protein generated by sequential cleavage with α and γ secretase.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade, also known as disodium pyrophosphate, is an inorganic compound composed of sodium cation and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a white, water-soluble solid, commonly used as a buffer and chelating agent and has many applications in food processing industry.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a white monoclinic crystal powder.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a popular leavening agent found in baking powders.

Melting point: decomposes 220℃ [MER06]
Density (hexahydrate): 1.86
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
storage temp.: -70°C
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: white powder
color: White to Off-White
PH: 3.5-4.5 (20℃, 0.1M in H2O, freshly prepared)
Water Solubility: Fully miscible in water. Insoluble in alcohol and ammonia.
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.11
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.09
Merck: 13,8643
Stability: Stable.
InChI: InChI=1S/Na.H4O7P2.H/c;1-8(2,3)7-9(4,5)6;/h;(H2,1,2,3)(H2,4,5,6);
InChIKey: IQTFITJCETVNCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O(P(O)(O)=O)P(O)(O)=O.[NaH]
LogP: -3.420 (est)

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade releases carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with alkalis, such as baking soda (sodium bicarbonate), when exposed to moisture and heat.
This gas production causes dough or batter to rise, resulting in baked goods with a lighter texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is often used in baking powder formulations to provide a delayed or slow-acting leavening effect.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade acts as a pH buffer in various food products, helping to control and stabilize their acidity or alkalinity.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in processed foods to maintain the desired pH level, preventing changes in flavor, color, and texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can also serve as an emulsifying agent in certain food products, helping to blend ingredients that would not naturally mix together, such as oil and water.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is commonly used in a variety of food products, including baked goods like cakes, muffins, and pancakes, as well as in pancakes, waffles, and other batter-based items.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is also used in certain dairy products, such as processed cheeses, to help improve their melting and texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade may be used in meat products as a pH regulator, in canned seafood to maintain product quality, and in potato products like French fries to prevent discoloration.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an anhydrous white powdered material, which complies with the specifications of the current Food Chemicals Codex for Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used as an acidulant, buffering agent, and leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade has a dough reaction rate of 24 – 28.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an all-purpose phosphate commonly used in prepared mixes, commercial baking powders, and cake doughnut mixes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade and other sodium and potassium polyphosphates are widely used in food processing; in the E number scheme, they are collectively designated as E450, with the disodium form designated as E450(a).

In the United States, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is classified as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for food use.
In canned seafood, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used to maintain color and reduce purge[clarification needed] during retorting.
Retorting achieves microbial stability with heat.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an acid source for reaction with baking soda to leaven baked goods.
In baking powder, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is often labeled as food additive E450.
In cured meats, it speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite (NO2−) by forming the nitrous acid (HONO) intermediate,[clarification needed] and can improve water-holding capacity.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is also found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but "the SAPP taste can be masked by using sufficient baking soda and by adding a source of calcium ions, sugar, or flavorings.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an inorganic compound consisting of sodium cations and pyrophosphate anion.

As a leavening acid which combines with baking soda to release carbon dioxide to improve the texture and volume of baked goods.
As a chelating agent to chelate iron to prevent discoloration in processed potato.
Amyloid precursor protein α is an α-secretase-cleaved soluble protein that has been shown to have neuroprotective properties.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is derived from amyloid precursor protein.
The protein consists of 612 amino acids.
Several G protein-coupled receptors are known to activate α-secretase-dependent processing of APP.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade has neuroprotective, neurogenic and neurotrophic functions.
Amyloid precursor protein a also stimulates gene expression and protein expression.
In leather treatment, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, it facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade in petroleum production, it can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can also be found in frozen hash browns and other potato products, where it is used to keep the color of the potatoes from darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid, and its chemical formula is Na2H2P2O7.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade in the food industry is as a leavening agent.

Uses:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used contaminated drilling mud can result in fluid loss, thickening time, and viscosity.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used to disperse and displace drilling muds to avoid mud being affected by cement contamination.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
when added to scalding water, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.

In petroleum production, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in cat foods as a palatability additive.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used as a tartar control agent in toothpastes

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade dispersant is used in much the same manner as polyphosphate dispersants and is subject to the same temperature limitations.
Due to its acidic nature, it is especially effective for treating cement contamination.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade dispersant is efficient for bentonite muds and is often used in conjunction with a tannin or quebracho compound.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade dispersant can also be used to treat calcium contamination, especially contamination resulting from cement.
Because of its acidic nature, SAPP dispersant is not normally used in muds where the pH exceeds 9.5.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade food grade is used as an acid component in baking powder; as a chelating agent or combines with other polyphosphates to sequester magnesium and iron ions, e.g. chelate iron during the processing of potatoes to prevent a dark discoloration.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used as a leavening chemical for bread to help it rise.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade's used in sausage to enhance flavor and color.
In french fries, the chemical reduces levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide, according to an article from the Center for Science in the Public Interest.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade also prevents discoloration in potatoes and sugar syrups.
In canned tuna, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade prevents harmless struvite crystals from forming.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used together with baking powder as a leavening agent to release carbon dioxide.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is ideal for refrigerated doughs, cakes, muffins and pancake mixes where a slow reaction rate is desired.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is often used with fast-acting leavenings such as monocalcium phosphate in double-acting baking powder or sometimes added with another slow action leavening acid, GDL.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used to replace sulfur dioxide, sulfites and bisulfites to maintain the appearance and texture of cooked potato products.

The application of Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade reduces the dark color from after-cooking darkening in cooked and processed potato products, such as in oil-blanched french fries and potato salad.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is Baking powder, used in baking and to control the fermenting speed, to increase the producing strength.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in instant noodles to reduce time after subjecting to water.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is also used in biscuits and cakes, to reduce fermenting time, to decrease the destroying, to maintain the clear gaps, finally to extend products storage.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is speedly fermentation, water retaining agent and quality improver, used in bread, biscuits, meat, aquatic products and so on.
As quality improver,it enhances complexation,PH value and Ionic strength.

According to rules, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grades max adding quantity is 3.0g/KG in biscuits and 1.0-3.0g/KG in bread.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in sausages to enhance flavor and color.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in biscuits and cakes, it can shorten the fermentation time, reduce the product breakage rate, loosen the gaps neatly, and prolong the storage period.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used as a quality improver for bakery foods such as bread, biscuits, meat and aquatic products, etc.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can improve the complex metal ions, PH value and ionic strength of foods, thereby improving the adhesion and water holding capacity of foods. In French Fries, sodium acid pyrophosphate SAPP can reduce levels of a carcinogen called acrylamide.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can also prevent discoloration of potatoes and syrup.
In canned tuna, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can prevent the formation of harmless struvite crystals.
In canned seafood, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can retain color during cooking and reduce cleaning.

In cured meats, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade accelerates the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite by forming a nitrous acid intermediate and can improve water retention.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in frozen hash browns and other potato products to prevent potatoes from darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade may leave a slightly bitter aftertaste in some products, but adding calcium ions, sugar, or flavoring can mask the taste.

In leather processing, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used to remove iron stains from raw hides during processing.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can stabilize the hydrogen peroxide solution against reduction.
In certain dairy applications, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used with sulfamic acid for cleaning, especially soapstone removal.

In oil production, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used as a dispersant for oil well drilling mud.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used as a tartar control agent in toothpaste.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is commonly used as a leavening agent in baked goods, such as cakes, muffins, pancakes, waffles, and biscuits.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade works by releasing carbon dioxide gas when it reacts with alkalis like baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) in the presence of moisture and heat.
This gas production causes the dough or batter to rise, resulting in the characteristic light and airy texture of these products.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is an essential component of double-acting baking powder, a leavening agent used in a wide range of baked goods.

Double-acting baking powder releases gas in two stages: once when mixed with wet ingredients and again when exposed to the heat of the oven.
This two-stage action provides better control over the leavening process and helps achieve consistent results in baking.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade acts as a pH buffer in various food products.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade helps control and stabilize the pH (acidity or alkalinity) of food items, preventing undesirable changes in flavor, color, and texture.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is particularly useful in processed foods to maintain the desired pH level.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade serves as an emulsifying agent.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade helps blend ingredients that would not naturally mix, such as oil and water.
This property is valuable in the production of salad dressings, sauces, and some dairy products to create stable and uniform mixtures.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in the meat industry as a pH regulator and moisture retention agent in various processed meat products.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade helps improve the texture and quality of these products.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be found in certain dairy products, especially processed cheeses, to enhance their melting and textural characteristics.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade assists in achieving a smooth and creamy texture in cheese-based products.

In potato-based products like French fries and hash browns, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is employed to prevent discoloration and maintain the appealing color of the potatoes during processing and frying.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in canned seafood products to help maintain product quality and texture, particularly in products like canned tuna.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade may be used in various other food items, such as canned soups, gravies, and sauces, where it contributes to texture and stability.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used solids carrying fluid or drilling mud must be removed from the perforation channels and the rock face to allow a good cement bond and complete fill-up of the voids.
Incorporating Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade into the spacer will help remove residual muds and provide a cleaner surface to which the cement can bond.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used to remove iron stains on hides during processing.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can stabilize hydrogen peroxide solutions against reduction.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used with sulfamic acid in some dairy applications for cleaning, especially to remove soapstone.
When added to scalding water, it facilitates removal of hair and scurf in hog slaughter and feathers and scurf in poultry slaughter.

In petroleum production, Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be used as a dispersant in oil well drilling muds.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is a leavening agent, preservative, sequestrant, and buffer which is mildly acidic with a ph of 4.1.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is moderately soluble in water, with a solubility of 15 g in 100 ml at 25°c.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in doughnuts and biscuits for its variable gas release rate during the mixing, bench action, and baking process.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in baking powder as a leavening agent.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used in canned fish products to reduce the level of undesired struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate hexahydrate) by complexing the magnesium.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used to sequester metals in processed potatoes.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is currently used by the sausage industry to accelerate development of cured meat color.
The cured color accelerator was examined, through sensory evaluation and instrumental measurements, for its effects on the texture of frankfurters.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is anhydrous form, pyrophosphate salt used in buffers.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used as a deflocculant (thinner) in freshwater mud systems.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is often used to break up mud rings when water drilling and is also used to thin out cement before cementing casing.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is used as leavening agent in baking powders, combining with sodium bicarbonate to release carbon dioxide.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade speeds the conversion of sodium nitrite to nitrite in cured meats and can improve water-holding capacity.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is also found in potato products, where it prevents darkening.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade can be also be used in leather treatment; In some dairy applications for cleaning purposes and in petroleum production;
etc.

Safety Profile:
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is intended for use in food and is considered safe for consumption when used within established limits.
However, ingestion of the undiluted dry powder is not recommended, as it may cause discomfort and digestive upset.
As with any food additive, it should be used in accordance with recommended concentrations.

To ensure the safe use of Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade, it is crucial to adhere to food safety regulations and guidelines established by local and international authorities, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States and similar agencies in other regions.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is considered safe for consumption when used in accordance with established regulations and guidelines.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

As with many powdered food ingredients, inhaling fine Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade powder can lead to respiratory irritation.
Inhaling the dust should be avoided.
Similarly, direct eye contact with the powder may cause irritation, and it is advisable to take precautions when handling the dry powder.

Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade itself is not typically considered a skin irritant, prolonged or repeated skin contact with the powder may lead to dryness or minor irritation for some individuals.
Sodium acid pyrophosphate, SAPP food grade is recommended to minimize skin contact and use protective gloves when handling SAPP in its dry form.

SODIUM ACIDPYROPHOSPHATE 28
SODIUM ACRYLATE/SODIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE COPOLYMER Nom INCI : SODIUM ACRYLATE/SODIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE COPOLYMER Classification : Polymère de synthèse Ses fonctions (INCI) Anti Agglomérant : Permet d'assurer la fluidité des particules solides et de limiter leur agglomération dans des produits cosmétiques en poudre ou en masse dure Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
SODIUM ACRYLATE/SODIUM ACRYLOYLDIMETHYL TAURATE COPOLYMER
SODIUM ACRYLATES COPOLYMER Nom INCI : SODIUM ACRYLATES COPOLYMER Classification : Polymère de synthèse Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Opacifiant : Réduit la transparence ou la translucidité des cosmétiques Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
SODIUM ACRYLATES COPOLYMER
SYNONYMS Sodium Polymannuronate; Algin; Manucol; Kelgin; Manutex; Minus; Halltex; Protanal; Kelgum; Kelcosol; Nouralgine; Tagat; CAS NO. 9005-38-3
SODIUM ALGINATE
DESCRIPTION:
Sodium Alginate is the sodium salt form of alginic acid and gum mainly extracted from the cell walls of brown algae, with chelating activity.
Upon oral administration, sodium alginate binds to and blocks the intestinal absorption of various radioactive isotopes, such as radium Ra 226 (Ra-226) and strontium Sr 90 (Sr-90).
Sodium Alginate (Algin) is an extract of seaweed and is used as a thickener, a gelling agent (partially non-thermoreversible) and emulsifier in the food industry.

CAS:9005-38-3
European Community (EC) Number: 618-415-6
Molecular Formula: (C6H7NaO6)n

Alginates are obtained from brown seaweeds, usually found in the northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans from the coast of Chile to the coast of California.
Through extraction and refining, alginic acid is converted into commercially functional Sodium Alginates.
Sodium alginates are soluble in both hot and cold water and are available in various viscosity ranges with various gelling properties.

Sodium Alginate solutions are converted to Calcium Alginate, a heat-resistant gelled form, in the presence of calcium ions (calcium chloride or other soluble calcium salts).
Sodium Alginate is used as a film-forming agent in frozen foods, in the coating of meat, fish and other similar products

Sodium alginate (a food product derived from brown algae or seaweed) is a thickening and gelling agent that forms heat stable gels in the presence of calcium.
This property allows cooks to make gelled spheres, in a technique known as spherification.
Sodium alginate has been used in the food industry for many years for the production of gel-like foods – for example, the pimento stuffing in prepared cocktail olives.

Sodium alginate is composed of long strands made up of carbohydrate units – these long stands allow it to act as a very efficient thickening agent at low concentrations (e.g. 1%).
Gels formed from alginates have the amazing ability of withstanding heating to temperatures as high as 150ᵒC without melting, allowing them to be used in hot applications such as broths.
When alginate is added to a liquid, Sodium alginate will act as a thickener.

In the presence of calcium ions, a mixture containing alginate will form a gel.
The calcium ions insert themselves between individual alginate strands and will allow them to interlock and form a gel.

Sodium alginate is a neutral salt in which the carboxyl groups of alginate are bonded with a sodium ion.
Alginic acid is not soluble in water but sodium alginate is soluble in both cold and hot water to produce a smooth viscous solution.
When calcium ions are added to a sodium alginate solution, calcium ions react instantly with alginate to form a gel.

The time taken to form a gel can be controlled by controlling the calcium ions.
These unique properties result in sodium alginate being used as a thickener, gelling agent and stabilizer in a wide range of industries.

Sodium Alginate (Algin) is an extract of seaweed and is used as a thickener, a gelling agent (partially non-thermoreversible) and emulsifier in the food industry.
The useful properties of brown seaweeds were known to the ancient Chinese and the Romans, who used them for medical cosmetic purposes.

Production of alginates on an industrial scale began in the United States in the 1930s.
Originally, alginates were produced for the manufacture of canned food used at sea.
Sodium alginate is the sodium salt of alginic acid, which is a polyuronide made up of a sequence of two hexuronic acids: beta-D mannuronic acid and alpha-L guluronic acid.

Sodium Alginate is a colourless, beige or slightly yellow powder.
Sodium alginate forms a viscous colloidal solution with water, insouluble in alcohol, ether and chloroform.
Sodium alginate may be considered a soluble fiber and similar to other soluble fibers like pectin and psyllium, sodium alginate may have hypocholesterolemic and glycemic-regulatory activities.

Sodium alginate is a natural polysaccharide product that was first described in a patent application by the British chemist Edward C C Stanford in 1881.
To this day brown algae are still the main source used to extract sodium alginate from.
This group includes many of the seaweeds, like kelps, found in chilly northern seas.
In addition to the food industry, the gelling properties of sodium alginate have been used in medical, dental and cosmetic applications for years.

Sodium alginate Is a natural extract derived from brown seaweed.
Sodium alginate is Used in the food industry as a thickener and emulsifier in yoghurt, ice cream and dressings.
Sodium alginate is also a hydration agent in noodles and bread.
A cold gelling agent, Sodium alginate requires no heat to activate and when combined with calcium forms soft set gels or the process known as spherification.

APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM ALGINATE:
Thickener:
Sodium alginate is soluble in both cold and hot water and it produces a colloidal solution.
The viscosity of this solution is measured by a viscometer.
Viscosity is affected by the molecular weight of the sodium alginate polymer.

Viscosity changes are dependent on the degree of polymerization of the uronic acid units, the molecules which comprise alginic acid.
When the molecular weight is high, the viscosity is high even at low concentrations.
The viscosity decreases as the molecular weight decreases.

Aqueous sodium alginate solution exhibits smooth flow properties; the closest to Newtonian behavior amongst the natural hydrocolloids.
These flow properties can also be adjusted to thixotropic behavior by the addition of a small amount of calcium salt.
Sodium alginate is used as a thickener in various foods by combining these behaviors.

Gelling agent:
When contacting a calcium salt with a sodium alginate solution, it forms a gel instantly.
By utilizing this function, jelly molded into spherical or spindle-shapes can be created and these are used to make imitation foods such as salmon roe or shark fin.
Calcium ions can be chelated with phosphates to delay the reaction with sodium alginate or, conversely, acid can be used to accelerate the reaction by promoting the ionization of calcium ions.

By adjusting the ionization of calcium in this way, the reaction time and the shape of the solid can be freely designed.
Gels made by reacting sodium alginate with calcium salts are heat stable and, unlike other gelling agents such as gelatin, carrageenan, and agar, do not dissolve when heated (heat irreversible).
This is a unique property of sodium alginate compared with other natural hydrocolloids.

Since many processed foods are heated for cooking and sterilization purposes, the shape of food can be difficult to maintain using gelling agents that are vulnerable to heat.
Heat resistance is achieved by using a gel of sodium alginate and a calcium salt or adding these to other gelling agents.

Stabilizer:
By combining the thickening and gelling functions, sodium alginate is used as a stabilizer to maintain the physical properties of foods and increase the commercial value.
One of the most popular applications is the stabilizing of ice cream.
When frozen, ice cream contains a lot of fine bubbles.

By adding sodium alginate, sodium alginate improves overrun and gives a smooth and soft mouthfeel.
Sodium alginate reacts with calcium in milk to form a loose gel network in ice cream.
As a result, ice cream containing sodium alginate has increased heat shock resistance, making it a stable product which is not altered during storage and distribution.

Sodium alginate is used in Ice cream
Sodium alginate is used in Bakery filling
Sodium alginate is used in Noodles

Sodium alginate is used in Bakery
Sodium alginate is used in Sauces
Sodium alginate is used in Food binding (Onion ring, Olive pimento)

Sodium alginate is used in Imitation food (Artificial salmon roe, Artificial shark fin)
Sodium alginate is used in Heat resistance

The food ingredient form can be found in applications like:
• Gummy and Gel Confections
• Ice Creams
• Pastries and Baked Goods
• Meat Products including Analogs
• Plant Based Meats
• Restructured Foods – Onion Rings, Noodles and French Fries
• Cosmetics – Lotions, Creams, Hair Products (Shampoos), and Toothpastes
• Pharmaceuticals – Gel Capsules







USES OF SODIUM ALGINATE:
Sodium alginate is used in several important applications across the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries.
Sodium alginate is an important ingredient for manufacturers working to create quality products with a specified texture.

In many use cases, sodium alginate is the best ingredient to use as a gelling agent and/or binder.
Soft gels in particular are where sodium alginate is most useful.

Sodium alginate is extracted and clarified from natural seaweed.
In the industrial area, the major application is textile printing.
The viscosity of the aqueous sodium alginate solution assists the dye penetration of the fabric resulting in a uniform, precise and controllable dyeing process.

Sodium alginate, which is soluble in cold water, has an excellent position in the textile printing field because it has good desizing after dyeing, and its high biodegradability reduces the load on wastewater treatment systems.
Also, sodium alginate is used in a wide range of fields, such as paper sizing agents, binders for welding rods, and gelling agents for pet foods.

Highly purified sodium alginate is used for fine chemical applications such as pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
Research using sodium alginate is being conducted in regenerative medicinal fields and many interesting research results are being released

Sodium alginate is natural dietary fiber.
Appropriate intake of sodium alginate improves bowel movements.
Low molecular weight sodium alginate has also been used as a food for specific health uses, such as the effective excretion of cholesterol from the body.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT SODIUM ALGINATE:
Alginic acid and its salts are evaluated by JECFA, and ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) is not specified*.
As sodium alginate is derived from natural seaweed, our products are safe to use and BSE-free, GMO-free and pesticide-residues-free.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT SODIUM ALGINATE:
What does Sodium Alginate do and how do I use it?:
Sodium alginate performs two functions one it thickens a solution to increase the viscosity and two it binds tightly to calcium to form a gel.
This binding is used by chefs the world over to make fake caviar or spheres.
These spheres can be small tight drops or quite large blobs with liquid centres.

The man who took this technique from the food technologists and made it main stream was Catalan chef Ferran Adria, of the elBulli restaurant.
Ferran named this process spherification.
There are a number of calcium powders that can be used for this spherification process.
The popular ones are Calcium Chloride, Calcium Lactate, Calcium Gluconolactate and Calcium Carbonate.

How much Sodium Alginate powder do I use?:
The best starting off point is to use 0.5 grams of Sodium Alginate powder per 100mls of solution.
This is a basic starting point, changes will most likely have to be made to take into account ingredients used and hydration method.
Sodium Alginate Powder will mix into cold water without requiring heat to activate.


How Is Sodium Alginate Made?:
The basic structure of sodium alginate makes it a linear polysaccharide derived from alginic acid which is a naturally occurring compound that lines the cellular wall of brown algae seaweed.
Sodium alginates are manufactured by ion exchange to form the sodium salt of alginic acid which helps to dictate viscosity and gel strength.
Researchers have already discovered ways to influence the resulting alginate products by introducing different inputs, which has led to the ability to make increasingly customized alginates to meet specified customer needs.

How Do You Add Sodium Alginate To a Liquid?:
In general, sodium alginate easily disperses, hydrates, and gels in any temperature of liquid and melts above 266°F (130°C).
However, it is easiest to add the sodium alginate powder little by little to the liquid, while mixing constantly with an immersion blender or whisk.

If the alginate is not properly dispersed, small lumps will be visible in the solution.
Try to avoid excessive whisking since the air bubbles can stay trapped in the thickened solution.
In order to prevent these bubbles from complicating the spherification process, you may want to let the preparation settle in the refrigerator for a few hours.





SYNONYMS OF SODIUM ALGINATE:
Sodium Alginate
9005-38-3
Alginic Acid, Sodium Salt
C269C4G2ZQ
Ascophyllum
Sodium polymannuronate
Algiline
Arcrane
CHEBI:53311
FEMA No. 2014
618-415-6
618-416-1
9005-40-7
AI3-19772
Algin (Laminaria spp. and other kelps)
Alginate KMF
Alginate, Sodium
DTXSID0040410
Duckalgin
E-401
HSDB 1909
HYDAGEN 558 P
INS NO.401
INS-401
Manucol DM
Manucol KMF
Manucol SS/LD2
Manutex RS 1
Manutex SH/LH
Mosanon
NTX-1 COMPONENT SODIUM ALGINATE
SODIUM ALGINATE (EP MONOGRAPH)
SODIUM ALGINATE (II)
SODIUM ALGINATE (MART.)
SODIUM ALGINATE 2200-3000
Snow algin H
Snow algin M
UNII-C269C4G2ZQ
poly(Mannuronic Acid), Sodium Salt



SODIUM ALKANE SULFONATE
DEFINITION:

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is a type of detergent, used to clean dishes and kitchenware.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate can also be employed as a cleaning agent for work surfaces and other hard materials.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is mainly sourced from sulfisocyanates, which are synthesized by reacting sulfur with acyl chlorides or alcohols, which yield sodium salt of the desired sulfonyl chloride or alkanesulfonic acid.


CAS NUMBER: 85409-29-6

EC NUMBER: 287-097-5

MOLECULAR FORMULA: AlH4NaO12S4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 374.255868




DESCRIPTION:

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is a low foaming, anionic surfactant with excellent coupling properties and good wetting.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate provides versatility in formulating and cleaners such as carpet cleaners, hard surface cleaners and machine dishwashing detergents.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is a type of anionic surfactant.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is derived from alkyl sulfonic acid and is commonly used in various industries and applications.

Sodium alkane sulfonate acts as a surfactant, which means it helps to reduce surface tension between liquids and solids or between two immiscible liquids.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.
Due to its surfactant properties, sodium alkane sulfonate is often used as an ingredient in cleaning and detergent formulations.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate helps to solubilize and remove dirt, oil, and other contaminants from surfaces.

Sodium alkane sulfonate can also act as an emulsifier, assisting in the formation and stabilization of emulsions.
Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, where the surfactant helps to disperse and stabilize the droplets of one liquid within the other.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate can be used to produce many other related chemicals and substances, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium lauryl ether sulfate (detergent),

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate finds applications in a range of industries, including household cleaning products, laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, industrial cleaners, personal care products, textile processing, and oilfield chemicals.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate exhibits excellent cleaning properties.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate helps to remove dirt, grease, oils, and other contaminants from surfaces by reducing surface tension and enhancing the wetting ability of water.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate improves the overall cleaning efficiency of household cleaners, laundry detergents, and industrial cleaning products.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is known for its ability to generate and stabilize foam.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate helps to create a rich and stable lather in personal care products such as shampoos, soaps, and bath products.
The foam created by sodium alkane sulfonate enhances the spreadability and coverage of the product during application.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate acts as an emulsifier, facilitating the formation and stabilization of emulsions.
Emulsions are important in various industries, including food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate assists in combining and dispersing immiscible liquids, such as oil and water, resulting in stable and homogeneous mixtures.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is compatible with a wide range of other ingredients, such as other surfactants, builders, and additives.
This compatibility allows it to be used in versatile formulations and product combinations without significant issues related to stability or performance.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is generally considered to be mild and gentle on the skin and hair.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate can be used in personal care products formulated for sensitive skin or delicate hair, providing effective cleansing without causing excessive dryness or irritation.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is also used in the manufacturing of other substances, such as rubber goods and plastics.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate can be found in many household cleaners because it dissolves greasy dirt on metal surfaces or dishes easily.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate can be applied to hard water stains that are present on marble products or granite counters, without any difficulty.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate offers a multitude of benefits when compared with soap due to its ability to remove oil-based soil deposits from various types of materials: for instance, clothes and worktops have been proven cleaner after using this type of detergent than before application (due to dishwashing).
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is a chemical product used in various industries for the removal of oil-based soil deposits from clothes, worktops, and other types of materials.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonates are available as concentrates or pre-diluted solutions.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is applied to textile surfaces with machine agitation (in the case of concentrated products) or hand rubbing.
The fabric surface should be completely wetted before the application of detergent.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate can also be sprayed on using an atomizing nozzle, which will cause better distribution over the material's surface area.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate may have a high viscosity that needs low shear rates for mixing with water, but it will not be diluted with water.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate can be used in many applications where the pH of the wash liquor needs to be neutralized and it has been found helpful for some textile-surface soils which are difficult or impossible to remove by other means.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate also finds application as an antiseptic, disinfectant, deodorizer, and cleaner agent.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate's most often applied onto surfaces using a sprayer with dilute solutions for handwashing dishes or through pipes at sanitary sewers/septic tanks during treatment processes prior to release into rivers, oceans, etc.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is a major component of dishwashing liquid. Sodium Alkylbenzenesulfonates are an important class in the detergent industry, and their use has increased over time due to regulatory pressures on phosphorous emissions from phosphate esters that have been used as builders.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is one of the major ingredients in industrial cleaners.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate comprises over 50% of these products worldwide.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate has a variety of applications like degreasing metals and removing oils from oily surfaces on machinery or tools.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonates are also used as corrosion inhibitors for metal pipes that come into contact with water.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate include shampoos, conditioners, body washes, bubble baths, and hand soaps.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is an ingredient used in personal care products to create foam, which makes it easier for consumers to rinse their hair and skin.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate in personal care products is also used to create a milder and less irritating formula.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate acts as an antistatic agent. The product may also be applied to the surface in a dissolved form.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is employed to prevent electrostatic pick-up which can occur both during production processes and when the finished article is in use.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate reduces the transparency of polymers which would normally be completely transparent.

Sodium Alkane Sulfonate is compatible with rigid and semi-rigid PVC, standard and high impact PS, ABS and PP.
The most suitable fields of application are extruded profiles and articles for injection molding.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate should not be stored at temperatures below 20°C.



USAGES:

-Automatic Dishwashing Detergents
-Bathroom Cleaners
-Carwash - Automatic
-Carwash - Hand
-Concrete Admixtures
-Cutting Fluids
-Degreasers
-Hand Dishwashing Detergents
-Hard Surface Cleaners - Dilutable
-Hard Surface Cleaners - Ready to Use
-Industrial Foaming Applications
-Laundry Detergents
-Metalworking Cleaners
-Textile Scouring
-Truck Wash
-Warewash Detergents



COSMETIC USES:

-cleansing agents
-surfactants



APPLICATION AREAS:

Sodium alkane sulfonate, as a versatile surfactant, finds applications in various industries and products.


-Household Cleaners:

Sodium alkane sulfonate is used in household cleaning products such as all-purpose cleaners, kitchen cleaners, bathroom cleaners, and floor cleaners.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate helps to remove dirt, grease, and stains from surfaces, providing effective cleaning performance.


-Laundry Detergents:

Sodium alkane sulfonate is a key ingredient in laundry detergents, both liquid and powder formulations.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate aids in the removal of stains and soils from fabrics and enhances the overall cleaning efficiency of the detergent.


-Personal Care Products:

Sodium alkane sulfonate is employed in various personal care products, including shampoos, body washes, shower gels, soaps, and facial cleansers.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate contributes to the cleansing and foaming properties of these products, providing a rich lather and effective removal of oils and impurities from the skin and hair.


-Industrial Cleaners:

Sodium alkane sulfonate is used in industrial cleaning products and degreasers designed for commercial and industrial applications.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate helps to tackle tough stains, greases, and oils on surfaces in manufacturing facilities, automotive workshops, and other industrial settings.


-Agricultural Applications:

Sodium alkane sulfonate can be found in some agricultural formulations, particularly in herbicides and adjuvants.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate assists in improving the wetting and spreading of the herbicide solution on plant surfaces, enhancing its effectiveness.


-Oilfield Chemicals:

Sodium alkane sulfonate is utilized in the oil and gas industry as a surfactant in various drilling fluids, oil recovery agents, and well stimulation chemicals.
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate helps to reduce interfacial tension, improve oil recovery, and aid in the emulsification and dispersion of hydrocarbons.



BENEFITS:

-Industry drivers, restraints, and opportunities covered in the study
-Neutral perspective on the market performance
-Recent industry trends and developments
-Competitive landscape & strategies of key players
-Potential & niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Boiling Point, ºC: >100
-Density at 25°C, g/ml: 1.10
-Flash Point, °C: 50
-Form at 25°C: Liquid
-Interfacial tension, nM/M: 25.8
-Specific Gravity at 25°C: 1.10
-Surface Tension, mN/m: 29.9
-Viscosity, cps: 30 (at 20°C)



STORAGE:

Sodium alkane sulfonate should be stored at room temperature or in a cool, dry place.



SYNONYM:

Sodium C13-17 secondary alkane sulfonate
DTXSID50891723
Sodium alkyl sulfonate
Sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate
Sodium alkylsulfonic acid
Sodium alkyl sulfate
Sodium paraffin sulfonate
Sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS)
Sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)
Sodium petroleum sulfonate



SODIUM ALKANE SULPHONATE
The sodium salt of a Sodium Alkane Sulponate of lin- ear paraffins having chain lengths of 14–18 carbon atoms.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate is used in household detergents & cleaners as a surfactant.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate controls foam and helps dissolve dirt on surfaces by reducing the surface tension between water droplets by forming an emulsion that can be spread or scrubbed into a material such as soiled clothes or dishes.

CAS: 68608-26-4
MF: AlH4NaO12S4
MW: 374.255868

Allyl glycidyl ether, Sodium Alkane Sulponate is brown-red translucent viscous body.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate dissolves in water and becomes a translucent liquid, which is relatively stable to acid, alkali and hard water.

Sodium Alkane Sulponate Physico-chemical Properties
Boling Point: 1042.61℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Water Solubility: 0.065ng/L at 25℃
Vapor Presure: 0Pa at 25℃
Density: 1.19
Assay: 55% 60% 65%
Appearance: brown-red translucent viscous body

Uses
Mainly used as textile, printing and dyeing auxiliary and liquid detergent, emulsifier for vinyl chloride polymerization.
Surfactant AS, used as an anionic surfactant, can also be used as detergent, lubricant, foaming agent.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate is used as an anti-rust additive and emulsifier.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate has considerable salt water immersion resistance and good oil solubility.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate has good anti-rust performance on ferrous metals and brass, and can be used as a variety of polar substances in oil.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate has a strong ability to convert hand sweat and water, and is used in combination with other anti-rust additives.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate is often used as cleaning and anti-rust oil, anti-rust grease and cutting fluid between processes.

Petroleum sulfonate has strong resistance to moisture, salt fog, brine and water.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate has excellent rust resistance for ferrous metals and brass.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate can be used as a cosolvent for variouspolar substances in oil.
Because Sodium Alkane Sulponate has strong hydrophilicity, good antirust and emulsifying properties, it is used as textile, printingand dyeing auxiliaries and liquid detergent, and emulsifierfor vinyl chloridepolymerization.
Sodium Alkane Sulponate is also used as the cleaning oil and antirust oil, antirust grease, cutting fluid, emulsion and so on in the process workshop.

Synonyms
SodiuM petrol
SODIUM PETROLEUM SULFONIC ACIDS
Sodium Petroleum sulphonate T702
SULPHONICACIDS,PETROLEUM,SODIUMSALTS
Petroleum sulfonic acids sodium salts
Sulfonic acids, petroleum, sodium salts
SODIUM ALKYLBENZENE SULFONATE ( Benzènesulfonate de sodium (alkyle linéaire))
cas no 11138-49-1 Aluminum sodium oxide; Sodium aluminum oxide;
SODIUM ALLYL SULFONATE
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate This invention relates to a process for the preparation of sodium allyl sulfonate (AS) and sodium methallyl sulfonate (MAS) employing aqueous sodium sulfite solutions in an emulsion. Methallyl and Sodium allyl sulfonate are, along with other unsaturated sulfonates, important comonomers for the copolymerization with other unsaturated monomers, especially with acrylonitrile. In general, the reaction solutions are worked up, in order to obtain the sodium allyl sulfonate in the pure state, by evaporation of the solution, extraction of the Sodium allyl sulfonate with alcohol, and subsequent crystallization from alcohol to obtain the compound in the pure form. There is thus lacking in the prior art a process which makes possible the production of sodium allyl sulfonate by the reaction of allyl chloride in maximally concentrated Na2 SO3 solutions in a maximally short reaction time and with high selectivity and low energy consumption. This product is used as a brightener in nickel electroplating. Sodium allyl sulfonate is a clear colorless aqueous solution that contains approximately 10% sodium chloride in addition to the sodium allyl sulfonate. This product is used in the manufacture of acrylic fibres; it appears as a clear near colourless liquid. It is a clear colorless aqueous solution that contains approximately 10% sodium chloride in addition to the sodium allyl sulfonate. Description of Sodium allyl sulfonate Sodium allyl sulfonate is used as a basic brightener in nickel electroplating baths. It is also used as pharmaceutical intermediates. Chemical Properties of Sodium allyl sulfonate Appearance White Solid CAS Number 2495-39-8 Density 1.206 g/cm3 EINECS Number 219-676-5 IUPAC Name Sodium prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate InChI 1S/C3H6O3S.Na/c1-2-3-7(4,5)6;/h2H,1,3H2,(H,4,5,6);/q;+1/p-1 InChIKey DIKJULDDNQFCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M Molar Mass 144.12 g/mol Molecular Formula C3H5NaO3S Solubility 4 g/100 ml About Sodium allyl sulfonate Sodium allyl sulfonate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum. Sodium allyl sulfonate is used at industrial sites. Consumer Uses of Sodium allyl sulfonate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Sodium allyl sulfonate is most likely to be released to the environment. Article service life of Sodium allyl sulfonate ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Sodium allyl sulfonate is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers of Sodium allyl sulfonate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using Sodium allyl sulfonate. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Sodium allyl sulfonate is most likely to be released to the environment. Formulation or re-packing of Sodium allyl sulfonate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Sodium allyl sulfonate is most likely to be released to the environment. Uses at industrial sites of Sodium allyl sulfonate ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. Sodium allyl sulfonate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Release to the environment of Sodium allyl sulfonate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates). Manufacture of Sodium allyl sulfonate ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which Sodium allyl sulfonate is most likely to be released to the environment. Applications of Sodium allyl sulfonate Hydrotropes are in Sodium allyl sulfonate use industrially and commercially in cleaning and personal care product formulations to Sodium allyl sulfonate allow more concentrated formulations of surfactants. About 29,000 metric tons are produced (i.e., manufactured and imported) annually in the US. Annual production (plus importation) in Europe and Australia is approximately 17,000 and 1,100 metric tons, respectively.Common products containing a Sodium allyl sulfonate hydrotropes include laundry detergents, surface cleaners, dishwashing detergents, liquid soaps, shampoos and conditioners. They are coupling agents, used at concentrations from 0.1-15% to stabilize the formula, modify viscosity and cloud-point, reduce phase separation in low temperatures, and limit foaming. Environmental Considerations Sodium allyl sulfonate Hydrotropes have a low bioaccumulation potential, as the octanol:water partition coefficient is <1.0. Studies have found hydrotopes to be very slightly volatile, with vapor pressures <2.0x10-5 Pa. They are aerobically biodegradable. Removal via the secondary wastewater treatment process of activated sludge is >94%. Acute toxicity studies on fish show an LC50 >400 mg active ingredient/L. For Daphnia, the EC50 is >318 mg a.i./L. The most sensitive species is green algae with EC50 values in the range of 230-236 mg a.i./ L and No Observed Effect Concentrations (NOEC) in the range of 31-75 mg a.i./L. The aquatic Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) was found to be 0.23 mg a.i./L. The Predicted Environmental Concentration (PEC)/PNEC ratio has been determined to be < 1 and, therefore, hydrotropes in household laundry and cleaning products have been determined to not be an environmental concern.Aggregate Sodium allyl sulfonate Sodium allyl sulfonate exposures to consumers (direct and indirect dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation) have been estimated to be 1.42 ug/Kg bw/day. Calcium xylene sulfonate and Sodium allyl sulfonate have been shown to cause temporary, slight eye irritation in animals. Studies Sodium allyl sulfonate have not found hydrotropes to be mutagenic, carcinogenic or have reproductive toxicity. Cumene (isopropylbenzene) is an organic compound that Sodium allyl sulfonate is based on an aromatic hydrocarbon with an aliphatic substitution. It is a constituent of crude oil and refined fuels. It is a flammable Sodium allyl sulfonate colorless liquid that has a boiling point of 152 °C. Nearly all the cumene that is produced as a pure compound Sodium allyl sulfonate on an industrial scale is converted to cumene hydroperoxide, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of other industrially important chemicals, primarily phenol and acetone. Commercial production of cumene is by Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with propylene. Cumene producers account for approximately 20% of the global demand for benzene. The original Sodium allyl sulfonate route for manufacturing of cumene was by alkylation of benzene in the liquid phase using sulfuric acid as a catalyst, but because of the complicated neutralization and recycling steps required, together with corrosion problems, this process has been largely replaced. As an Sodium allyl sulfonate alternative, solid phosphoric acid (SPA) supported Sodium allyl sulfonate on alumina was used as the catalyst. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been shown to be a hydrotrope able to prevent aggregation of proteins at normal physiologic concentrations and to be approximately an order of magnitude more effective than sodium xylene Sodium allyl sulfonate sulfonate in a classic hydrotrope assay. The hydrotrope activity of ATP was shown to be independent of its activity as an "energy currency" in cells. Recently, ATP Sodium allyl sulfonate function as biological hydrotope has been shown proteome-wide under near native conditions. Sodium allyl sulfonate CTFA Name Sodium allyl sulfonate SCS-40 CAS Number32073-22-6 Applications Detergent & Cleaners Tainolin SCS-40, dissolved in water can increase the solubility for low-soluble organic matter, lower down the cloud point of the aqueous formulated products, and reduce the viscousity of the aqueous products. The material Sodium allyl sulfonate also shows detergency.Sodium allyl sulfonate is a solubilizer, coupling agent and cloud point depressant used in heavy duty cleaners, wax strippers and dishwashing detergents, oil field and metal working applications. Sodium allyl sulfonate (conjugate base benzenesulfonate) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H6O3S. It is the simplest aromatic sulfonic acid. It forms white deliquescent sheet crystals or a white waxy solid that is soluble in water and ethanol, slightly soluble in benzene and insoluble in nonpolar solvents like diethyl ether. It is often stored in the form of alkali metal salts. Its aqueous solution is strongly acidic. Preparation of Sodium allyl sulfonate Sodium allyl sulfonate is prepared from the sulfonation of benzene using concentrated sulfuric acid: Aromatic sulfonation of benzene This conversion illustrates aromatic sulfonation, which has been called "one of the most important reactions in industrial organic chemistry". Reactions of Sodium allyl sulfonate Sodium allyl sulfonate exhibits the reactions typical of other aromatic sulfonic acids, forming sulfonamides, sulfonyl chloride, and esters. The sulfonation is reversed above 220 °C. Dehydration with phosphorus pentoxide gives Sodium allyl sulfonate anhydride ((C6H5SO2)2O). Conversion to the corresponding benzenesulfonyl chloride (C6H5SO2Cl) is effected with phosphorus pentachloride. It is a strong acid, being almost fully dissociated in water. Sodium allyl sulfonate and related compounds undergo desulfonation when heated in water near 200 °C. The temperature of desulfonation correlates with the ease of the sulfonation: C6H5SO3H + H2O → C6H6 + H2SO4 Because of that, sulfonic acids are usually used as a protecting group, or as a meta director in electrophilic aromatic substitution. The alkali metal salt of Sodium allyl sulfonate was once used in the industrial production of phenol. The process, sometimes called alkaline fusion, initially affords the phenoxide salt: C6H5SO3Na + 2 NaOH → C6H5ONa + Na2SO3 C6H5ONa + HCl → C6H5OH + NaCl The process has been largely displaced by the Hock process, which generates less waste. Uses of Sodium allyl sulfonate Sodium allyl sulfonate is commonly used as the active ingredient in laundry detergent used in clothes washing machines. Sodium allyl sulfonate is often used to convert to other specialty chemicals. A variety of pharmaceutical drugs are prepared as benzenesulfonate salts and are known as besilates (INN) or besylates (USAN). In a diluted form, it is also used as a polymer remover stripping agent. Sodium allyl sulfonate's use as a reagent in the manufacture of phenol, resorcinol, and other organic syntheses and as a catalyst could result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Sodium allyl sulfonate is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Volatilization of Sodium allyl sulfonate is not expected from either moist or dry soils. In water, Sodium allyl sulfonate is expected to be essentially non-volatile. Adsorption to sediment, bioconcentration, and hydrolysis are not expected to be important fate processes in aquatic systems. Biodegradation of Sodium allyl sulfonate is likely to occur in both aquatic and soil media provided adequate acclimation by microorganisms occurs. Sodium allyl sulfonate will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. If released to the atmosphere, it will degrade by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of approximately 29 days. Removal of Sodium allyl sulfonate from the atmosphere can occur though wet and dry deposition. Exposure to Sodium allyl sulfonate can occur through dermal contact, inhalation, and ingestion. Based on a recommended classification scheme, Sodium allyl sulfonate should have very high mobility in soil based on estimated Koc values ranging from 1.4 to 12. Biodegradation of Sodium allyl sulfonate is likely to occur in soil media provided adequate acclimation by microorganisms occurs. Volatilization of Sodium allyl sulfonate is not expected from either moist or dry soils based on an estimated vapor pressure of approximately 2.36X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C and an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.52X10-9 atm-cu m/mole. Decomposition of Sodium allyl sulfonate took 16 days by a soil microflora inoculum in mineral salts medium. Sodium benzenesulfonate had a 5-day theoretical BOD (at 20 °C) of 2.6, 74.5, and 38.8% in sewage seed, acclimated activated sludge seed, and by the Warburg technique with acclimated activated sludge, respectively. A biodegradation study using 100 mg/l Sodium allyl sulfonate, consumed 62, 58, and 344 ul oxygen in an endogenous control, Sodium allyl sulfonate adapted cells, and benzenesulonic acid and phenol adapted cells, respectviely, in 230 minutes. In a 2 week closed bottle study, with 100 mg/l Sodium allyl sulfonate and 30 mg/l sludge, Sodium allyl sulfonate gave a theoretical BOD of 87%. Sodium allyl sulfonate utilized 10.7 mg of TOC/g of mixed liquor volatile suspended solids per hour in acclimated activated sludge, indicating that the activated sludge possessed the necessary catabolic enzymes required for degradation. The sulfonated benzene structure appears to offer no real resistance to bacterial breakdown since BOD tests carried out on this structure in dilute solutions in river water result in considerable oxygen depletion. Sodium allyl sulfonate is resistant to chemical oxidation by KMnO4 and to biochemical oxidation under conditions of 5 day BOD determination. Under conditions of dichromate COD determination, oxidation of Sodium allyl sulfonate amounts to 94%. Sodium allyl sulfonate is deemed degradable by the Japanese MITI test. Sodium allyl sulfonate allowed visible growth of 12 of 14 species of phenol- utilizing bacteria after 5 days at 30 °C. Sodium allyl sulfonate degraded only about 4% after 13 months in aquifer slurries from both sulfate reducing and methanogenic sites. A study on oxidation of selected carcinogenic compounds (including sodium benzenesulfonate) by activated sludge found no significant oxidation for any compounds studied. The presence of a sulfonate grouping on benzene greatly reduces the susceptibility of Sodium allyl sulfonate to biological oxidation. Sodium allyl sulfonate was degraded with difficulty, if at all, in aniline-acclimated activated sludge.
SODIUM ALLYL SULFONATE (SAS)
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is a white powder with the formula C3H5NaO3S.
The electroplated nickel intermediate Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is directly synthesized with allyl chloride and sodium sulfite in the aqueous phase.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is used as a basic brightener in nickel electroplating baths.

CAS: 2495-39-8
MF: C3H5NaO3S
MW: 144.12
EINECS: 701-087-4

Synonyms
ALS1;Homodimer;IPOA;SOD1, GST tagged human;SodiuM prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate;ALS liquid;sodiuM allylsulfonate, 98%+;Sodium allylsulfonate(ALS);Sodium allylsulfonate;2495-39-8;sodium prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate;2-Propene-1-sulfonic acid, sodium salt;Sodium allyl sulfonate;Allylsulfonic Acid Sodium Salt;SODIUM 2-PROPENE-1-SULFONATE;2-Propene-1-sulfonic acid, sodium salt (1:1);Allylsulfonic acid, sodium salt;sodium;prop-2-ene-1-sulfonate;Sodium allysulfonate;7SGF7TB9O2;DTXSID3041451;Sodium prop-2-enesulphonate;NSC-150018;UNII-7SGF7TB9O2;Allyl sulfonic acid, sodium salt;HSDB 5884;EINECS 219-676-5;MFCD00051416;NSC 150018;sodium allyl sulphonate;C3H5NaO3S;EC 219-676-5;SCHEMBL29951;CHEMBL3187478;DTXCID1021451;sodium allylsulfonate, AldrichCPR;DIKJULDDNQFCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M;CAA49539;Tox21_301805;SODIUM 1-PROPENE-3-SULFONATE;AKOS015912705;CS-W018253;Prop-2-ene-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt;NCGC00255611-01;AS-80743;CAS-2495-39-8;A0809;FT-0613373;NS00078242;E83028;EN300-6763778;A817567;J-015749;Q27268791

Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is also used as pharmaceutical intermediates.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is a chemical which is used as nickel plating bathadditive.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl group.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is the sodium salt of allyl sulfonic acid, which has the chemical formula CH2CH2SO3Na.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is typically used as a precursor to polyvinyl alcohol, which is used in the production of various polymers.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) has been shown to adsorb Langmuir monolayers with a high surface coverage and low thickness on zirconium oxide, redox potential, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.

The absorption of Langmuir monolayers by Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) depends on light exposure, which affects hydrogen bonding interactions between the hydroxyl groups and Langmuir monolayers.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is white granular powder.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) has double bonds at the α and β positions, and its reactive properties are active.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is used as the third monomer of acrylic fiber, which can improve the heat resistance, elasticity, spinnability and dyeing properties of the fiber, making it fast in color absorption, strong fastness and bright color.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is a white crystalline powder.
Easy to dissolve in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in benzene.
The solution is prone to polymerization when heated for a long time, and the dried product is thermally stable.

Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 242 °C (decomp)
Density: 1.206
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: soluble in Alcohol, Dimethylformamide
Form: Powder
Specific Gravity: 1.25
Color: White
Water Solubility: 4 g/100 mL
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: DIKJULDDNQFCJG-UHFFFAOYSA-M
LogP: -3.5 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2495-39-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) (2495-39-8)

Uses
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is used as a brightener for nickel electroplating as well as in the dyeing of acryilic fibers.
White to Almost white powder to crystal.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) used as one of the primary component in Nickel brightener formulations.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is a co-monomer of the polymers especially for functional acrylic fibers(dying betterment and heat resistance).
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is used in chain transfer agent.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is used as a brightener for nickel electroplating, the general dosage is 0.1~0.2g/L.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) can also used as a dyesite monomer in acrylic fiber, and as a performance monomer in synthetic polymer applications.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) can be used as various reactive emulsifiers, flocculants, water reducers for commercial concrete, and so on.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is a clear, near colourless liquid manufactured from Allyl Chloride and Sodium Sulphite.
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is available as either a 25% or 35% solution and is typically supplied in bulk tankers, 200 litre drums or 1000 litre IBC’s for use as an essential component in nickel electroplating formulations and in the manufacture of water treatment polymers.

1. Used as the third monomer of acrylic fiber to improve the dyeing performance of the fiber, make it fast in color absorption, strong in fastness, bright in color, and can improve the heat resistance and elasticity of the fiber.
2. Used in water treatment chemicals as a monomer for corrosion and scale inhibitors, copolymerized with acrylic acid, acrylamide, maleic anhydride, sodium hypophosphite, vinyl acetate, etc., for calcium phosphate, zinc salt, calcium carbonate, and calcium sulfate, etc.
Has a good anti-scaling effect.
3. Brightener for nickel plating in the pretreatment chemicals for electroplating.
4. Petrochemicals, and acrylamide, acrylic acid, sodium humate, acrylamide propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, acrylamide ethyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, diethyl diallyl ammonium chloride, Allyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, etc., can be used as dispersant, fluid loss agent, high-temperature resistance and salt resistance effect.

5. High-performance polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent to make the product low in addition, high water reducing rate, good retardation, and no water.
6. Coating additive, producing thermosetting acrylic resin, and coating dispersant to increase water solubility.
A monomer is used as a flocculant and copolymerized with acrylamide.
Copolymer with methacrylic acid and itaconic acid can be used as a dispersant.
7. Electronic and material processing, as a single ion comb electrolyte membrane (CPPL), super absorbent resin.
8. Soil improvement, polymerizing with sodium acrylate, styrene-acrylic emulsion, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. to increase the fertility retention of red soil, and has a strong adsorption of ammonium ions and nitrate ions.
9. Antistatic agent to achieve the internal antistatic effect in two ways, establish a conductive channel, bring the charge to the ground line, and play a role of lubrication and demoulding after extrusion.

Preparation
At 50 °C, sodium metabisulfite dissolved in deionized water and stirred until sodium metabisulfite is completely dissolved.
Add triethylbenzyl chloride to the sodium metabisulfite solution ammonium and polymerization inhibitor p-tert-butyl catechol.
After stirring and mixing uniformly, a sodium metabisulfite mixture is obtained.
The sodium metabisulfite mixture is passed through three high-precision plungers, sodium hydroxide solution, and allyl chloride.
The metering pump is simultaneously pumped into the microchannel reactor for reaction.
Adjust the reaction temperature in the microchannel reactor to 40 ° C and adjust the back pressure valve to make the pressure of the microchannel reactor 0.3 MP.
The crude product is filtered through a fine filter, and Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) is collected.

Hazard
Sodium Allyl Sulfonate (SAS) may cause eye irritation and damage to the targeted central nervous system.
The main risk of industrial exposure to allyl chloride is damage to the peripheral nervous system.
Polyneuropathy is considered to be the main clinical manifestation of chronic allyl chloride exposure.
SODIUM ALPHA OLEFIN SULFONATE
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is a white to slightly beige powder anionic surfactant for industrial applications.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is composed of C14/C16 alpha olefin sulphonate sodium salt with strong wetting, cleaning action, and good foaming power.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is anionic in nature.

CAS Number: 68439-57-6

AOS, sodium alpha olefin sulfonate, sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (C14-16), sodium C14-16 olefin sulfonate, Sodium C12-14 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, SODIUM alpha-OLEFIN SULFONATE, Sodium a-olefin sulfonate, Sodium alpha-olefin (c14-16) sulfonate, BIO-TERGE AS-40K, Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, BIOTERGE AS 40 K, Hostapur OSB, Hostapur OS Liquid, Nansa, Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C 14 - 16 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium Linear Alpha Olefin Sulfonate

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate provides quick wetting and dispersion of building mixes.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is a strong blowing agent, as well as a wetting and plasticizing agent for ready-made mineral plasters (adhesive and machine plasters), masonry mortars and putties.
The air pores created by Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate are stable and significantly reduce shrinkage and associated cracking, especially for cement and cement-lime mortars.

Another advantage is high frost resistance and reduced efflorescence from the solution.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is also suitable for the production of plaster and masonry mixtures, as well as as the main product in the production of strong blowing agents in the industry of additives to building materials (for example, products for the production of foam concrete, etc.).

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate provides quick wetting and dispersion of building mixes (e.g. for machine application of plasters), reduced tack and therefore easy processing and improved pumping properties.
Clotting, for example with fine building mixes, can be significantly reduced or eliminated with Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is a white to slightly beige powder anionic surfactant for industrial applications.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is composed of C14/C16 alpha olefin sulphonate sodium salt with strong wetting, cleaning action, and good foaming power.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is a powerful air entraining, wetting and plasticizing agent for mineral based dry premixed plasters, renderings and trowelling compounds.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate forms air pores with excellent stability, reduces shrinkage particularly of cement/cement-lime based mortar systems and prevents formation of cracks.

Other advantages are the higher frost resistance and reduced tendency of efflorescence in hardened mortar.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate leads to better wetting and dispersion of the building materials mixtures (e. g. of machine applied plasters and renderings), reduces tackiness and improves workability and pumpability of wet mortars.

Based on long-chain olefin sulphonate.
Acts as a powerful air-entraining, wetting and plasticizing agent for the building industry.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is anionic in nature.
Forms the air pores with excellent stability, reduces the shrinkage particularly of cement resp.

Cement-lime based mortar systems and prevents the formation of cracks.
Other advantages are the higher frost resistance and reduced tendency to efflorescence of hardened mortar.

Is a suitable additive for masonry cements and a powerful foaming agent for any mineral based building material (f. e. for manufacturing of foamed light weight concrete).
Leads to better wetting and dispersion of the building materials mixtures (e. g. of machine applied plasters and renderings), reduces the tackiness (occasionally caused by high dosage of methylcellulose) as well as improves the workability and pumpability of wet mortars.

Application of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is a strong blowing agent, as well as a wetting and plasticizing agent for ready-made mineral plasters (adhesive and machine plasters), masonry mortars and putties.
The air pores created by Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate are stable and significantly reduce shrinkage and associated cracking, especially for cement and cement-lime mortars.

Another advantage of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is high frost resistance and reduced efflorescence from the solution.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is also suitable for the production of plaster and masonry mixtures, as well as as the main product in the production of strong blowing agents in the industry of additives to building materials (for example, products for the production of foam concrete, etc.).

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate provides quick wetting and dispersion of building mixes (e.g. for machine application of plasters), reduced tack and therefore easy processing and improved pumping properties.
Clotting, for example with fine building mixes, can be significantly reduced or eliminated with Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate.

Applications of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:
Dairy & food cleaning
Hand dishwashing
Hard surface cleaning
Industrial cleaners
Laundry powder & tabs
Toilet & hygienic cleaning
Vehicle washing
Pre-treatment
Suspension concentrate
Water dispersible granules
Laundry pre-treatment
Laundry

The recommended concentration should be 0.005 – 0.05 % by weight, calculated on dry mortar.

Uses of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis based on long-chain olefin sulphonate.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis acts as a powerful air-entraining, wetting and plasticizing agent for the building industry.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis anionic in nature.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis forms the air pores with excellent stability, reduces the shrinkage particularly of cement resp. cement-lime based mortar systems and prevents the formation of cracks.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis other advantages are the higher frost resistance and reduced tendency to efflorescence of hardened mortar.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis a suitable additive for masonry cements and a powerful foaming agent for any mineral based building material (f. e. for manufacturing of foamed light weight concrete).

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis leads to better wetting and dispersion of the building materials mixtures (e. g. of machine applied plasters and renderings), reduces the tackiness (occasionally caused by high dosage of methylcellulose) as well as improves the workability and pumpability of wet mortars.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is a white to slightly beige powder anionic surfactant for industrial applications.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis composed of C14/C16 alpha olefin sulphonate sodium salt with strong wetting, cleaning action, and good foaming power.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is a powerful air entraining, wetting and plasticizing agent for mineral based dry premixed plasters, renderings and trowelling compounds.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate forms air pores with excellent stability, reduces shrinkage particularly of cement/cement-lime based mortar systems and prevents formation of cracks.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonateis other advantages are the higher frost resistance and reduced tendency of efflorescence in hardened mortar.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate leads to better wetting and dispersion of the building materials mixtures (e. g. of machine applied plasters and renderings), reduces tackiness and improves workability and pumpability of wet mortars.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is used as air entraining and wetting agent for mortars and plasters based on cement, gypsum or lime with the following properties:

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate leads to a faster wetting of the solid particles of the dry admixture.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is rapidly soluble and develops the mirco foam in a short period of time.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate enables fast air-entrainment in mortars and plasters and a controllable air content of 20 - 35%.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate builds pores with strong stability in the cement or cement – lime mortar or gypsum plaster board.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate improves the plasticity and workability of plasters.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is highly efficient and raises the performance of the plaster of mortar.

Addition levels: 0.005 – 0.025 wt.-% on the dry ingredients of the building mixture

Usage Areas of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:

Detergents:
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate has a strong wetting and cleaning action and good foaming power.
The foam quality is excellent, with high stability.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is used for the production of detergent and cleaning agent powders.
Because of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate low stickiness, Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is particularly suitable for use in foam cleaners for upholstery and carpets.

Textile and leather finishing:
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is also used in the textile and leather industries as a wetting agent, detergent and foaming agent.

Building and constructions:
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is a strong air entraining and wetting agent for mortars and concrete.
Furthermore Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate acts as a plasticizer and frost-proofer.

Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate builds pores with strong stability in the cement or cement – lime mortar.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate leads to a faster wetting and dispersing of the mixture.

Dosage: 0.005 – 0.05 wt.-% on the dry ingredients of the building mixture.

Handling and Storage of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate must be stored in a dry place in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and caking of the powder.

Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against build-up of electrostatic charges, e.g earthing during loading and off-loading operations.
Keep away from sources of ignition - No smoking.

Advice on safe handling:
Store at temperatures less than 40 C (104 F).
Avoid dust formation.

Routine housekeeping should be instituted to ensure that dusts do not accumulate on surfaces.
Take measures to prevent the build up of electrostatic charge.

Store in a dry place.
Keep away from heat.

Keep away from flames and sparks.
Wear suitable protective equipment.

Keep tightly closed in a dry and cool place.
Do not breathe vapours/dust.
Do not get in eyes or mouth or on skin.

Technical measures/Precautions:
Store in original container.
Keep container closed.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.

Storage and Shelf Life:
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate must be stored in a dry place in sealed containers to prevent moisture absorption and caking of the powder.
The shelf life is at least two years when stored in tightly closed containers at 20-25°C in a clean and aerated place.
After this period Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate should be analyzed for extension of the shelf life.

Stability and Reactivity of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:

Reactivity:
No dangerous reaction known under conditions of normal use.

Chemical stability:
Stable under normal conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
Dust can form an explosive mixture in air.
Stable

Conditions to avoid:
Keep away from heat.
Keep away from flames and sparks.

Incompatible materials:
not known

Hazardous decomposition products:
In case of fire hazardous decomposition products may be produced such as: Sulphur oxides

First Aid Measures of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:

General advice:
Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.

If inhaled:
Move the victim to fresh air.
Give oxygen or artificial respiration if needed.

Get immediate medical advice/ attention.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.

In case of skin contact:
Wash thoroughly with soap and water for 15 minutes.
If skin irritation occurs, seek medical attention.

In case of eye contact:
Hold eyelids apart and flush eyes with plenty of water for at
least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention.

If swallowed:
Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor.

Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:
The possible symptoms known are those derived from the labelling.
No additional symptoms are known.

Notes to physician:
None known.

Firefighting Measures of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray jet
Foam

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
Dry powder
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
High volume water jet

Specific hazards during firefighting:

In case of fires, hazardous combustion gases are formed:
Carbon monoxide (CO)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)

Emits toxic fumes under fire conditions.
Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate presents no unusual fire or explosion hazards while sealed in a shipping container.
During usage, if a dust cloud is generated, organic powders have the potential to be explosive with static spark or flame initiation.

Further information:
Exercise caution when fighting any chemical fire.
Use NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective clothing.

Special protective equipment for firefighters:
Self-contained breathing apparatus

Accidental Release Measures of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Avoid dust formation.
Wear suitable protective equipment.

Keep away sources of ignition.
Contain spill.

Ensure adequate ventilation and wear appropriate personal protective equipment.
Collect onto inert absorbent.

Place in sealable container.
Do not allow to contaminate water sources or sewers.

Environmental precautions:
Do not allow to enter drains or waterways

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up mechanically.
Rinse away rest with water.

Identifiers of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:
Chemical Name: 68439-57-6
Product Function: Surfactant (Anionic)
Chemical Type: Sulfonates

Appearance: Solid
Active Substance (ca.): 90%
Chemical Description: Alpha olefin sulfate, sodium salt
Cloud Point method: -
Cloud Point [°C]: -
Water content: max. 2.0%
HLB (calc.): -
EPA exempted from tolerance under 40 CFR §180: 920

Grade: Technical
Form: Powder
Appearance: solid
Bulk Density: Approximate 300 kg/m3
California Prop 65: Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate does not contain any chemicals known to State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or any other reproductive harm.
Color: yellow
Flash Point: Not applicable
Odor: odorless
Partition Coefficient: Pow: 20 °C (68 °F) log Pow: -1.3 @ 20 °C (68 °F)
pH: 11-Oct
Thermal Decomposition: > 370 °C (698 °F)

Properties of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:
Active content: About 90 %
Ionicity: Anionic
Appearance at 20°C: Fine, slightly yellowish powder
pH of a 1% aqueous solution: 10 - 11
Solubility at 20 °C: Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is soluble in water.
Bulk density: About 300 g/L
Sodium sulfate content: Max. 5.5 %
Sodium carbonate + bicarbonate content: Max. 5.2 %
Biodegradability: Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate is readily biodegradable.
Composition: Alpha-olefin sulfonate, sodium salt

Names of Sodium alpha olefin sulfonate:

Regulatory process names:
Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts
Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts

IUPAC Names:
Olefine sulphonate
Sodium (C14-16) olefin sulfonate
SODIUM (C14-C16) OLEFIN SULFONATE
sodium, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene sulphonate
Sulfonic acid, C14-16-alkane and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts
Sulfonic acids, C14-16 (even numbered)-alkane hydroxy and C14-16 (even numbered)-alkene, sodium salts
Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkane hydroxy and C14-16-alkene, sodium salts
Sulfonic acids, C14-16-alkene, sodium salts
Sulphonic Acids, C14-16 - Alkane hydroxy C14-16 -Alkene, sodium salt
SODIUM ALPHA OLEFIN SULFONATE
Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Product Name: Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate INCI Name: Sodium C14-16 Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate CAS Number: 68439-57-6 Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Product Form: Liquid Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Product Use: Cosmetic use Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Appearance, Physical State: Liquid Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Vapor Pressure: 25 mm HG @ 25°C Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Odor: Slight Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Volatile Weight %: 56-64 Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Taste: No data available Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Evaporation Rate: Not available Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Color: Amber to yellow Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Flammability: May be combustible Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Molecular Weight: No data available Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Upper/lower Explosive Limit: No data available Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate pH (1% sol. in water) 7-9 Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Solubility: Soluble in all proportions of Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Boiling Point: >100°C (212°F) water Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Melting Point: No data available Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Flash Point: No data available Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Specific Gravity: 1.05 (Water = 1) Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Reactivity: Product is stable Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Chemical Stability: Product is stable Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Hazardous Polymerization: No data available Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Conditions to Avoid: Avoid strong oxidizers Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Incompatible Materials: Strong oxidizing agents Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Molecular formula: R-CH=CH-(CH2)n-SO3Na, R=C14~16 Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Characteristics: Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate has the following features: 100% biodegradability Good wetting, foaming, detergency, emulsifying property Little skin irritant Good calcium soap dispersion and anti-hard water performances Dissolves in water and rinsed easily Good Stability, good compatibility with other kinds of surfactants Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Benefits: Mild primary surfactant with excellent cleansing and degreasing properties (but non-drying on skin & mucous membranes). Good wetting effect, foam booster, slight viscosity enhancer. Easily compatible with other surfactants including non-ionic, amphoteric or anionic co-surfactants. Can be used for making sulfate-free cleansing products . Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Use: Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate mainly be used in mild detergent and products for baby, such as hand lotion, washing powder, complex soap, shampoo, bath lotion, facial cleaning cream, phosphorus free detergent. AOS can also be used as industrial detergents. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Use: Can be added to formulas as is. Recommended use level is 4-30% depending on desired foaming and cleansing effects. For external use only. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Applications: Body washes, shampoos, bubble baths, cleansing lotions, various personal care cleansing products. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Raw material source: Ethylene Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Manufacture: Alpha olefin suflonate is a mixture of long chain sulfonate salts prepared by the sulfonation of alpha olefins. Alpha-olefin sulfonate are produced by oligomerization of ethylene and by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis followed by purification. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Animal Testing: Not animal tested Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate GMO: GMO free (does not contain plant-derived components) Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Vegan: Does not contain animal-derived components Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Storage: Powder and needle form products: store in a cool, dry place. Avoid moisture and heat.Liquid products: avoid press. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Packing: In 25 kg net craft-paper bags (powder). In 200 kg net plastic barrels (liquid). Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Description: Mild anionic, high-foaming & well-emulsifying surfactant. Made primarily from coconut oils. Stable at a wide pH range and can therefore be used in acidic environments. pH: 8 (10% solution), 40% active substances. Yellowish liquid, slightly viscous, faint odor. What is Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate? It is a surface active raw material that is slightly yellow in color, has low water solubility and is used as a raw material in detergent, cosmetics and many other areas from active surface cleaning. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Chemical formula: CH3 (CH2) 10CH2 (OCH2CH2) nOSO3Na) Since it contains at least one carbon-carbon pair, it is used in the chemical industry, plastic material, artificial rubber, artificial textiles and detergent production. Stability in terms of chemical properties, Participating in oxidation reactions, Double bond joining reactions are seen and examined under 3 headings. When carbon oxide and hydrogen are added, primary alcohol is formed, and this feature is used in the production of plastic and detergents. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Production Technology Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, produced using petrochemical technology, goes through steam kaking, Methanol-Olefins Process, Catalytic Cracking and Olefin Conversion. Today, highly energy efficient methods are used in catalytic methods. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate Usage Areas It has a wide range of uses from liquid cleaning products to shampoos, from laundry detergents to active surface cleaners. It is also used in cosmetics, toothpaste and cream products due to its emulsifying feature. Provides foaming in liquid detergents and soaps, allowing oil, dirt and residues to dissolve and rise to the water surface. It is used in the production of fire fighting foams. It acts as an air entrainer in the area of ​​plaster usage. It is used as a foaming wall board. Our company, which uses the latest technology in the production of Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonates, offers a quality and economical service that meets every need. Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, or shortly Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, is a surface chemical sold in the form of light yellowish powder. It separates oil, dirt and clay and is an excellent cleaner.Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (Sodium C12-14 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-18 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C16-18 Olefin Sulfonate) are mixtures of long chain sulfonate salts prepared by the sulfonation of alpha olefins. The numbers indicate the average lengths of the carbon chains of the alpha olefins. In cosmetics and personal care products, Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate are used mainly in shampoos and bath and shower products.Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away.Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate (AOS) is a formaldehyde free solution of sodium C14-C16 Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate preserved with MCI/MI. It can be used in variety of applications due to its excellent viscosity, hard water stability, detergency, foam characteristics, and pH stability over a broad pH range. AOS 40% is a milder surfactant compared to lauryl sulfates and is used in high performing sulfate-free, shampoos, body wash, hand soap and pet care formulations. It is highly effective in unloading undesirable liquids and particulates from gas producing wells and exhibits exceptional thermal stability up to 400° F. This product is readily biodegradable.Univar Solutions is here to serve your Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate needs. With more than 120 distribution centers, our private fleet, technical expertise, and professional staff, we provide you proven reliability and quality service at every touchpoint.Sodıum Alpha Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C12-14 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C 14-18 Olefin Sulfonate, and Sodium C16-18 Olefin Sulfonate are the Sodium α-Olefin Sulfonates used in cosmetics as surfactant-cleansing agents. The highest concentration reportedly is 16% in shampoos and bath and shower products. These ingredients are a mixture of long-chain sulfonate salts prepared by sulfonation of α-olefins of various carbon chain lengths noted as subscripts. In the manufacture of these ingredients, delta and gamma sultones may be produced. Sodium α-Olefin Sulfonates are poorly absorbed through normal skin, but are significantly absorbed through damaged skin. Acute oral LD50 values were 1.3 2.4g/kg in rats and 2.5-4.3 g/kg in mice. Short-term toxicity studies using rats showed no consistent effects, even with exposures in the 0.5-1.0 g/kg range. Concentrations above 10% produced moderate ocular irritation and a concentration of 5% produced mild ocular irritation in rabbits. In reproductive and developmental toxicity studies, fetal abnormalities were noted, but only at doses that were maternally toxic. Genotoxicity data were mostly negative and oral and dermal carcinogenicity studies were negative. Various animal and clinical studies found irritation and sensitization. Sensitization was attributed to low level gamma sultone residues. Because gamma sultones are demonstrated sensitizers at very low levels, it was concluded that any product containing Sodium α-Olefin Sulfonates should have very little gamma sultone residues. The gamma sultone levels should not exceed 10 ppm for saturated (alkane) sultones, 1 ppm for chloro-sultones, and 0.1 ppm for unsaturated sultones. Sodium α-Olefin Sulfonates are otherwise considered safe for use in rinse-off products. Based on concerns about irritation, were Sodium α-Olefin Sulfonates to be used in leave-on products, it was concluded that concentrations should not exceed 2% for such uses.Sodium Alpha-Olefin Sulfonates (Sodium C12-14 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C14-18 Olefin Sulfonate, Sodium C16-18 Olefin Sulfonate) are mixtures of long chain sulfonate salts prepared by the sulfonation of alpha olefins. The numbers indicate the average lengths of the carbon chains of the alpha olefins. In cosmetics and personal care products, Sodium Alpha-Olefin Sulfonates are used mainly in shampoos and bath and shower products.
SODIUM ALUMINATE
SODIUM ALUMINATE Sodium aluminate is an inorganic chemical substance. The formula of the chemical component is NaAIO2. Overview The powder is white in color. Sodium aluminate, an odorless structure, is also known as aluminum. Sodium aluminate provides solution of caustic soda with aluminum hydroxide and boiling of this solution. Sodium aluminate is an inorganic chemical that is used as an effective source of aluminium hydroxide for many industrial and technical applications. Pure sodium aluminate (anhydrous) is a white crystalline solid having a formula variously given as NaAlO2, NaAl(OH)4 (hydrated),[2] Na2O·Al2O3, or Na2Al2O4. Commercial sodium aluminate is available as a solution or a solid. Other related compounds, sometimes called sodium aluminate, prepared by reaction of Na2O and Al2O3 are Na5AlO4 which contains discrete AlO45- anions, Na7Al3O8 and Na17Al5O16 which contain complex polymeric anions, and NaAl11O17, once mistakenly believed to be β-alumina, a phase of aluminium oxide. Sodium Aluminate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Aluminates are compounds with a negatively-charged alumina ion and a metallic oxide with various industrial applications such as water treatment and ceramics manufacturing. In December 2012, a team of researchers created a unique type of highly-reflective pigment composed of rare earth-doped cobalt aluminate that may have potential use as an energy-efficient exterior coating. High purity, submicron and nanopowder forms may be considered. American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia)and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement. Sodium Aluminate is most widely used in municipal drinking water and waste water treatment systems. As an alkali, Sodium Aluminate can work in applications where the addition of caustic is not desirable. It provides an economical source of highly reactive alumina. Liquid sodium aluminate (LSA) is becoming an increasingly popular choice for the removal of phosphorus in municipal and industrial wastewater plants. As discharge limits for nitrogen and phosphorus become more stringent, many plants are implementing both biological and chemical treatment systems for their reduction. However, both these treatment processes can deplete the available alkalinity and depress effluent pH below discharge limits. Sodium Aluminate Solutions Specs The manufacturing process utilizes only the finest available raw materials in the production of Sodium Aluminate Solutions, in which alumina tri-hydrate (ATH) is dissolved into sodium hydroxide and water. Proprietary stabilization techniques may also be used to prevent alumina from precipitating. Sodium Aluminate Solutions are strongly alkaline products that are available in three strengths: Molecular Weight: 81.97 g/mol Chemical formula: NaAlO2 Appearance: white powder (sometimes light-yellowish) hygroscopic/ when dissolved in water a colloidal black solution is formed Odor: odorless Density: 1.5 g/cm3 Melting point: 1,650 °C (3,000 °F; 1,920 K) Specific Gravity: 1.55 at 77 ° F (USCG, 1999) Boiling Point: 239 ° F at 760 mm Hg Solubility in water: highly soluble Solubility: Insoluble in alcohol[1] Refractive index (nD): 1.566 Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3 Rotatable Bond Count: 0 Exact Mass: 81.961137 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass: 81.961137 g/mol Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1 A^2 Heavy Atom Count: 4 Formal Charge: 0 Complexity: 18.3 Isotope Atom Count: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2 STRUCTURE OF SODIUM ALUMINATE Anhydrous sodium aluminate, NaAlO2, contains a three-dimensional framework of corner linked AlO4 tetrahedra. The hydrated form NaAlO2·5/4H2O has layers of AlO4 tetrahedra joined into rings and the layers are held together by sodium ions and water molecules that hydrogen bond to O atoms in the AlO4 tetrahedra.[4] MANUFACTURING OF SODIUM ALUMINATE Sodium aluminate is manufactured by the dissolution of- aluminium hydroxide in a caustic soda (NaOH) solution. Aluminium hydroxide (gibbsite) can be dissolved in 20-25% aqueous NaOH solution at a temperature near the boiling point. The use of more concentrated NaOH solutions leads to a semi-solid product. The process must be carried out in steam-heated vessels of nickel or steel, and the aluminium hydroxide should be boiled with approximately 50% aqueous caustic soda until a pulp forms. The final mixture has to be poured into a tank and cooled; a solid mass containing about 70% NaAlO2 then forms. After being crushed, this product is dehydrated in a rotary oven. The resulting product contains 90% NaAlO2 and 1% water, together with 1% free NaOH. Reaction of aluminium metal and alkali Sodium aluminate is also formed by the action of sodium hydroxide on elemental aluminium which is an amphoteric metal. The reaction is highly exothermic once established and is accompanied by the rapid evolution of hydrogen gas. The reaction is sometimes written as: 2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H2O → 2 NaAlO2 + 3 H2 however the species produced in solution is likely to contain the [Al(OH)4]- ion or perhaps the [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- ion.[5].This reaction has been proposed as a potential source of fuel for hydrogen powered cars. SODIUM ALUMINATE IN USAGE AREAS In water treatment it is used as an adjunct to water softening systems, as a coagulant aid to improve flocculation, and for removing dissolved silica and phosphates. In construction technology, sodium aluminate is employed to accelerate the solidification of concrete, mainly when working during frost. Sodium aluminate is also used in the paper industry, for fire brick production, alumina production and so forth. Sodium aluminate solutions are intermediates in the production of zeolites. Sodium aluminate is a technology product. Sodium aluminate can be added to the mortar mixture to provide faster cooling of the spilled concrete. I also prefer paper and fire resistance. Other uses and forms of use of sodium aluminate are as follows; Sodium aluminate is a substance used for a long time. In this regard, it is preferred to be used in all sector branches. The automotive industry is an important cleaning material. Used to clean parts such as piston, cylinder head, valve and turbine blades. Metal work, coating or welding prepared. Used for cleaning old stains or rust. It is used to clean and brighten the matted parts of the metal. Installation for installation in pipelines, glass decoration works, cleaning of metal surfaces, cleaning of metal molds, cleaning of materials cutting materials such as marble and granite, ceramic. SODIUM ALUMINATE HARM Sodium aluminate is among the non-harmful substances of any effect on human health. Although it does not cause harm with other substances it contains, it can be seen if the similarities of the problems arising in aluminum matter are slightly exposed when exposed directly. These; It may cause dizziness when the gas is in the air that may come into contact with other substances. If it comes in contact with the eye it may cause eye irritation. In such a case, the eye should thoroughly wash under constantly flowing water. When touching the skin directly, it causes irritation and slight burning in sensitive areas. Ingestion or contact with mouth may cause stomach ache. If you are exposed to such conditions, you should consult a doctor. It is also necessary to act carefully in the presence of sodium aluminate. Sodium aluminate is an important commercial inorganic chemical. Aluminum hydroxide is an important and accepted source of production. The pure anhydrous sodium aluminate is in the form of a white crystal and the molecular formula is NaAlO2, NaAl (OH) 4 (hydrate), [1] Na2O.Al2O3, or Na2Al2O4. The commercial sodium aluminate may be present in powdered or reconstituted form. The reaction of compound Na2O and Al2O3 at 1200 ° C occurs as the result. USE OF SODIUM ALUMINATE It is used as auxiliary coagulant to increase flocculation in helping to soften water in water pollution, and to be used for dissolved silica and phosphate. It is used in construction sector to make concrete harden faster. Sodium aluminate is also used in the paper industry as a paper chemistry, in the production of fire bricks, in the production of alumina and similar materials. Sodium aluminate solution is used for zeolite production. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION OF SODIUM ALUMINATE GHS Classification GHS Hazard Statements Aggregated GHS information provided by 313 companies from 16 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies. Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 2 of 313 companies. Of the 15 notification(s) provided by 311 of 313 companies with hazard statement code(s): H290 (62.38%): May be corrosive to metals [Warning Corrosive to Metals] H314 (98.71%): Causes severe skin burns and eye damage [Danger Skin corrosion/irritation] H318 (77.49%): Causes serious eye damage [Danger Serious eye damage/eye irritation] Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. Health Hazard Material is caustic. Irritates skin, eyes, and gastrointestinal tract, causing redness of skin and eyes, burning sensation of mucous membranes. Fire Hazard Behavior in Fire: Containers may burst when exposed to heat. Not combustible. Skin, Eye, and Respiratory Irritations STRONG IRRITANT TO TISSUE. /Aluminum powder/ may cause minor irritation to lungs & eyes. /Aluminum powder, uncoated/ Safety and Hazard Properties Chemical Dangers The solution in water is a strong base. It reacts violently with acid and is corrosive to aluminium, tin and zinc. Reacts with ammonium salts. This generates fire hazard. FIRST AID MEASURES First Aid Get medical attention. EYES: Flush with water for 15 min., lifting lids occasionally. SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing and shoes. Flush with water and neutralize with weak vinegar. INGESTION: Dilute by drinking water or milk. Neutralize by drinking fruit juice. Do not induce vomiting. Inhalation First Aid : Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention. Skin First Aid: Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention . Eye First Aid: First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention. Ingestion First Aid: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting. Refer for medical attention . Fire Fighting Measures Fire Fighting Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. LARGE FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media. Accidental Release Measures Isolation and Evacuation Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016) Spillage Disposal Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Wash away remainder with plenty of water. Cleanup Methods AQ WASTE SOLUTIONS CONTAINING SODIUM ALUMINATE ARE ACIDIFIED WITH SULFURIC ACID & TREATED WITH A WEAKLY BASIC CMPD (PH 7-11) TO IMPROVE PPT & FILTERABILITY OF ALUMINUM CMPD. Other Preventative Measures SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place. HANDLING AND STORAGE Nonfire Spill Response Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016) Safe Storage Separated from food and feedstuffs and acids. Dry. Exposure Control and Personal Protection Threshold Limit Values 8 hr Time Weighted Avg (TWA): 1 mg/cu m (Respirable fraction). /Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds/ Excursion Limit Recommendation: Excursions in worker exposure levels may exceed three times the TLV-TWA for no more than a total of 30 min during a work day, and under no circumstances should they exceed five times the TLV-TWA, provided that the TLV-TWA is not exceeded. /Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds/ A4: Not classifiable as a human carcinogen. /Aluminum metal and insoluble compounds/ Inhalation Risk Evaporation at 20°C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed. Effects of Short Term Exposure The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Medical observation is indicated. Acceptable Daily Intakes Recommended adult daily allowance for sodium at 1-2 g. /Sodium; from Table 1/ Exposure Prevention AVOID ALL CONTACT! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR! Inhalation Prevention Use local exhaust or breathing protection. Skin Prevention Protective gloves. Protective clothing. Eye Prevention Wear safety goggles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.; Ingestion Prevention Do not eat, drink, or smoke during work. Protective Equipment and Clothing; Full, impervious chemical protective clothing and gloves, goggles, and approved respirator. (USCG, 1999) Stability and Reactivity; Air and Water Reactions Sodium aluminate will dissolve in water and produce a strong corrosive alkaline solution. May generate heat when water is added. Reactive Group; Bases, Strong; Water and Aqueous Solutions REACTIVITY PROFILE SODIUM ALUMINATE generates a strong base in water; reacts violently with acids and corrosive to metals. Not compatible with copper, tin, zinc, aluminum, acids, phosphorus, or chlorocarbons. Sodium aluminate - BC, REG, Comp of boiler water additive - 173.310; GRAS, Migr to food from paper and paperboard prods - 182.90 Sodium aluminate normally contains an excess of sodium hydroxide or soda ash to maintain a sufficiently high pH to prevent aluminum hydroxide precipitation prior to its addition ... as a coagulant /in municipal water treatment/. Sodium aluminate will dissolve in water and produce a strong corrosive alkaline solution. May generate heat when water is added. Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. /Sodium aluminate, solid; Sodium aluminate, solution/ TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. /Sodium aluminate, solid; Sodium aluminate, solution/ Sodium aluminate is considered to be a highly corrosive substance, but no acute toxicity data appear to have been developed for this substance. Albic and spodic soil horizons were sampled from old growth eastern white pine/mixed northern hardwoods sites in the Adirondacks, and an ochric soil horizon was sampled from the Appalachian Plateau of NY State. 9 Three horizon forest floo, 9 mineral soil (field moist equivalent of 12.0 oven dry albic, spodic, or ochric mineral soil) and 9 forest floor/mineral soil columns were leached with 60 ml of (a) 10 mM sodium aluminate (control), (b) 1.0 mM nitric acid in 10 mM sodium aluminate (pH 3), and (c) 1.0 mM sodium aluminate (pH 3) at the rate of 10 ml/h. The above procedure was repeated on each mineral soil without a forest floor, except leaching soln were 0.5 mM calcium nitrate or calcium sulfate, each in 10 mM sodium aluminate. Adding 2 and 0.5 cmol sub c (H+)/kg to forest floor and mineral soils, respectively, simulated snowmelt additions. Total aluminum concn in leachates from forest floor/albic or forest floor/ochric columns were greater than the sum of concn in leachates from the forest floor and mineral horizon when leached separately. This positive synergistic behavior of the forest floor-mineral horizon sequences was also observed in the forest floor-spodic horizon sequence when leached with control soln, but the synergism was negative for both labile and non-labile aluminum when leached with the acids. Sulfuric acid leached less aluminum from the spodic horizon than did nitric acid, regardless of the presence of a forest floor, but nitric acid, sulfuric acid , and control soln leached similar concn of aluminum from the albic and ochric horizons. The forest floor effects on the mineral soil leachates were attributed to effects of calcium, sulfate, nitrate, and dissolved organic C leached from the forest floor to the mineral horizon since forest floor removed nearly all added H+. Sodium aluminate was introduced to the paper industry over 40 years ago. Its acceptance as an excellent wet end additive grew extensively in Europe and the U.S. paper making operations. Sodium aluminate was found to be very effective when used in conjunction with other cationic sources, such as alum, to optimize and improve wet end paper machine operations. Simply stated, sodium aluminate is an alkaline form of aluminum which has been dissolved in caustic. Aluminum, because of its amphoteric nature, can be easily dissolved either in an acid or alkaline medium. Aluminum dissolved in sulfuric acid forms aluminum sulfate, or alum, and aluminum dissolved in caustic forms sodium aluminate. Sodium aluminate possesses an anionically charged alumina particle. Sodium aluminate performs two basic functions in the paper maker process. One of these is primarily a chemical function which is to furnish a portion of the alumina required for sizing. Second function is best considered a physical function of coagulation and retention. System conditions created by these two reactions and the reaction products are the basis for the benefits provided by sodium aluminate. Other benefits from sodium aluminate usage are: Improved strength and durability Cleaner machine system Reduced foam Reduced corrosion Sodium aluminate is a product obtained from the dissolution of aluminium hydroxide (gibbsite) in sodium hydroxide. IQE produces sodium aluminates in solution, in the form of a transparent liquid, within the ALNA series. The products of the ALNA series are an excellent source of reactive alumina in alkaline solution and this is the main reason for its use as a raw material in many industrial processes. A method for preparing sodium aluminate from basic aluminum sulfate (BAS) is presented. The process consists of two steps. In the first step, BAS was transformed into sodium dawsonite (NaAl∙(OH)2∙CO3) by treating BAS with sodium carbonate aqueous solution at various temperatures and times. The best experimental conditions for preparing sodium dawsonite were established. In the second step of this work, sodium aluminate was obtained by heating sodium dawsonite. In this case, several samples of sodium dawsonite were heated at different temperatures in the range of 600-1100°C for 30 minutes. Sodium dawsonite decomposed at 320°C with the evolution of carbon dioxide and water. At 500°C, a pattern corresponding to a transition alumina was observed by X-ray diffraction. The first traces of crystalline sodium aluminate could be detected in the solid heated at 800°C, whereas at 1000°C a mixture of sodium aluminate and alpha alumina was obtained. Thus, the scheme of phase evolution on progressive heating could be expressed as sodium dawsonite, amorphous, transition alumina (gamma/eta) and crystalline sodium aluminate. By this method, crystalline sodium aluminate could be obtained under mild conditions by heating sodium dawsonite at 900°C for 30 minutes. Introduction Sodium aluminate is an important commercial inorganic chemical. It has been used as an effective source of aluminium hydroxide for many applications. Pure sodium aluminate (anhydrous) is a white crystalline solid having a formula variously given as NaAlO2, Na2O Al2O3, or Na2Al2O4. The commercial importance of sodium aluminate is due to the versatility of its technological applications. In water treatment systems it is used as an adjunct to water softening systems, as a coagulant to remove suspended solids and some metals (Cr, Ba, Cu), and for removing dissolved silica. In construction technology, sodium aluminate is employed to accelerate the solidification of concrete, mainly when working during frosty periods [1-3]. It is also used in the paper industry, for refractory brick production and alumina production [4-5], etc. Furthermore, it is used as an intermediate in the production of zeolites for detergents, molecular sieves, adsorbents and catalysts [6-8]. Several methods for preparing solid sodium aluminate have been developed. In most methods, an aqueous sodium aluminate solution is prepared in a first step. Then, the sodium aluminate solution is dried in order to obtain the solid phase. A typical process for producing aqueous sodium aluminate is by dissolving aluminium hydroxides in a caustic soda solution [9]. In this case, a suspension of aluminum hydroxide with excess NaOH is prepared. Then, the suspension is passed through heated reaction tubes and the resulting sodium aluminate solution is spray dried. The product of this process is NaAlO2, NaAlO2∙1.5H2O or NaAlO2∙xH2O. In another process, sodium aluminate is prepared by solid state reaction of sodium hydroxide and subdivided aluminum hydrate, at a temperature above the melting point of the caustic soda but below 600°C [10]. It has been reported that sodium aluminate could be recovered from sodium dawsonite found in association with oil shales [11]. In this case, sodium aluminate was obtained by the reaction of homogeneously mixed sodium oxide and aluminum oxide, which were generated during thermal decomposition of sodium dawsonite. In the present work, the preparation of sodium aluminate was investigated using basic aluminum sulfate (BAS) as a precursor. This latter compound was obtained by homogeneous precipitation of aluminum sulfate aqueous solution using ammonium bisulfite as a precipitant, as reported elsewhere [12]. In the next step of the process, the preparation of sodium dawsonite was investigated by treating BAS with sodium carbonate aqueous solution. Finally, this latter compound was heated at different temperatures to determine the formation temperature of sodium aluminate. Experimental Procedure The basic aluminum sulfate used in this work was obtained by precipitation in homogeneous solution by heating an aqueous solution of aluminum sulfate and ammonium bisulfite. This latter solution was obtained by passing sulfur dioxide through an ammonium hydroxide solution until a solution pH 4 was obtained. The 1 M sodium carbonate solution was prepared from reactive grade sodium carbonate from J. T. Baker. To determine the thermal decomposition process and the crystallization temperature of sodium aluminate, several one gram samples of sodium dawsonite were heated at different temperatures in the range of 500-1100°C, for 30 minutes. After heating, the solids were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The FTIR spectra of the samples heated at 800°C, 900°C and 1100°C are shown in Figure 12. In this case, sharp absorption peaks at 559 cm-1, 711 cm-1 and 883 cm-1 and the absorption peak corresponding to carbonate stretching band at 1450 cm-1 appear. As the temperature raises, the intensity of the absorptions peaks at 559 cm-1, 711 cm-1 and 1100 cm-1 increase in intensity, indicating that crystalline sodium aluminate begins to form at 800°C. Its important to notice that the sample heated at 1100°C exhibits sharp absorption peaks at 456 cm-1, 594 cm-1 and 649 cm-1 corresponding to alpha alumina, which could be produced by thermal decomposition of sodium aluminate at high temperature as reported by Zvezdinskaya et al. [23]. Conclusion Sodium aluminate was prepared by using basic aluminum sulfate as a raw material. In the first step of the process, sodium dawsonite was obtained by treating basic aluminum sulfate with sodium carbonate aqueous solution at 60°C for 4 hours. Higher heating temperatures gave rise to the formation of pseudoboehmite as well as sodium dawsonite in the sample. The crystallization of sodium dawsonite in the solid occurred through the formation of an amorphous basic aluminum carbonate as an intermediate compound. The dawsonite powder was formed by highly agglomerated acicular particles, whose size ranged from 0.1-0.2μm. In order to obtain sodium aluminate, sodium dawsonite was heated at different temperatures for 30 minutes and the phase transformation sequence was determined. Based on the XRD patterns of the solids obtained after heating sodium dawsonite at different temperatures, the phase sequence could be determined as sodium dawsonite, amorphous, transition alumina (gamma/eta) and crystalline sodium aluminate. By this method, crystalline sodium aluminate could be obtained by heating sodium dawsonite at 900°C for 30 minutes.
SODIUM ALUMINATE POWDER
cas no 12003-51-9 Aluminum sodium silicate (1:1:1); Silicic acid (H4SiO4), aluminum sodium salt (1:1:1); Sodium silicate, sulfuric acid, aluminum sulfate reaction product;
SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE
SODIUM ARACHIDATE Nom INCI : SODIUM ARACHIDATE Nom chimique : Sodium eicosanoate Classification : Arachides Ses fonctions (INCI) Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation Agent de contrôle de la viscosité : Augmente ou diminue la viscosité des cosmétiques
SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE
Sodium aluminosilicate refers to a series of amorphous hydrated sodium aluminium silicates with varying proportions of Na2O, Al2O3 and SiO2.
Sodium aluminosilicate's purpose is to prevent powdered food from caking, lumping, or aggregation and keep its free-flowing property.


CAS Number: 1344-00-9
EC Number: 215-684-8
E number: E554 (acidity regulators, ...)
Molecular Formula: AlNaO6Si2


Sodium aluminosilicate is a white odorless solid, insoluble in water.
Sodium aluminosilicate is fine white amorphous powder or beads.
Sodium aluminosilicate is insoluble in water; partially soluble in strong acids and alkali hydroxides.


Sodium aluminosilicate refers to compounds which contain sodium, aluminium, silicon and oxygen, and which may also contain water.
These include synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate, a few naturally occurring minerals and synthetic zeolites.
Sodium aluminosilicate refers to compounds containing sodium, aluminum, silicon, oxygen and may contain water.


These include synthetic amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, some natural minerals, and synthetic zeolites.
Sodium aluminosilicate refers to compounds which contain sodium, aluminum, silicon and oxygen, and which may also contain water.
These include synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate, a few naturally occurring minerals and synthetic zeolites.


E554 is Sodium aluminosilicate's European food additive number.
Sodium aluminosilicate refers to a series of amorphous hydrated sodium aluminium silicates with varying proportions of Na2O, Al2O3 and SiO2.
Sodium aluminosilicate's purpose is to prevent powdered food from caking, lumping, or aggregation and keep its free-flowing property.


Sodium aluminosilicate gives improved levels of whiteness and hiding power ( opacity )of the paint, increased stability of paint during storage due to alkaline pH.
Sodium aluminosilicatealso acts as an anti-settling agent and a viscosity and pH regulator.


Sodium aluminosilicate gives exterior paints good weathering properties and reduces the tendency to pick up dirt.
Sodium aluminosilicate is a colorless or slightly colored transparent or translucent liquid with heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, insoluble in water and alcohol.


Sodium aluminosilicate is a Series of hydrated sodium aluminum silicates.
Sodium aluminosilicate is produced by reaction of sodium silicate and kaolinite clay.
Suggested storage of Sodium aluminosilicate: Store in tightly closed containers in a cool and well-ventilated area 23 C.


Sodium aluminosilicate or Sodium aluminium silicate or Aluminum sodium silicate or Sodium silicoaluminate is precipitated amorphous silicate produced from precipitation technology.
Sodium aluminosilicate alludes to compounds that oxygen, silicon, aluminium, sodium and water.


Sodium aluminosilicate contains man-made amorphous sodium aluminosilicate, some organically occurring synthetic zeolites and minerals.
Sodium aluminosilicate is a colorless or slightly colored transparent or translucent liquid with heat resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, insoluble in water and alcohol, and other properties.


Sodium aluminosilicate is a silicate mineral obtained by reacting silicate minerals or silica with sulfuric acid or sodium carbonate.
The main component is Sodium aluminosilicate, containing a small amount of monosodium silicate, silicon dioxide, sodium hydroxide, and calcium hydroxide.
Minerals sometimes called Sodium aluminosilicate:


Naturally occurring minerals that are sometimes given the chemical name, Sodium aluminosilicate include albite (NaAlSi3O8, an end-member of the plagioclase series) and jadeite (NaAlSi2O6).
Synthetic zeolites sometimes called Sodium aluminosilicate:


Synthetic zeolites have complex structures.
Sodium aluminosilicate is a fine white powder.
Many ordinary rocks (feldspars) are aluminosilicate.


Aluminosilicates with more open three-dimensional structures than the feldspars are called zeolites.
The openings in zeolites appear as polyhedral cavities connected by tunnels.
Zeolites act as catalysts by absorbing small molecules in their interior cavities and holding them in proximity so that reaction among them occurs sooner.


Sodium aluminosilicate is odourless, fine, white amorphous powder, or as beads.
Sodium aluminosilicate is a fine white powder.
Many ordinary rocks (feldspars) are aluminosilicate.


Aluminosilicates with more open three-dimensional structures than the feldspars are called zeolites.
The openings in zeolites appear as polyhedral cavities connected by tunnels.
Zeolites act as catalysts by absorbing small molecules in their interior cavities and holding them in proximity so that reaction among them occurs sooner.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
Sodium aluminosilicate can be used as an anticaking agent such as in table salts, dried whole eggs & egg yolks and grated cheeses.
Sodium aluminosilicate functions as a replacement of titanium dioxide in some applications by a certain proportion due to their similar properties.
Meanwhile, for its pore structure, strong hygroscopicity, and ultra-high whiteness, Sodium aluminosilicate is an ingredient used in wettable powder pesticides to substitute silica.


Synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate is widely used as a food additive, E 554.
Synthetic amorphous sodium aluminosilicate is widely used as food additive E 554.
Sodium aluminosilicate refers to compounds which contain sodium, aluminium, silicon and oxygen, and which may also contain water.


These include synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate, a few naturally occurring minerals and synthetic zeolites.
Synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate is widely used as a food additive, E 554.
Sodium silicoaluminate or Sodium aluminosilicate, an inorganic ingredient with low bulk density and high water absorption.


Sodium aluminosilicate is used as an anticaking agent or free-flowing agent in food.
Its small primary particle size and its high degree of whiteness make Sodium aluminosilicate especially suitable for use as a white pigment in the production of different coatings such as waterborne dispersion paints, solvent based paints, industrial coatings, lacquers, and printing inks.


Synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate is widely used as a food additive, E 554 where it acts as an anticaking (free flow) agent.
Sodium aluminosilicate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as an anticaking agent at levels not exceeding 2% in accordance with a good manufacturing practice.


Sodium Aluminosilicate uses and applications include: Anticaking agent in detergents, desiccants, foods; reinforcing filler for rubbers; extender for paints; solvent; detergent builder; gas separation; white pigment in paper, paints, plastics; ion exchange and selective absorp.adsorp.; removes hardness ions from wash water; abrasive, viscous control agent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals; in coatings for paperpaperboard in contact with aqueousfatty foods.


Sodium aluminosilicate is used cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, Plastics, Rubber, and Detergent.
Sodium aluminosilicate is used to improve opacity, Water resistance, Whiteness and for Cost reduction.
Sodium aluminosilicate is used to improve Emulsion of Paints.


Sodium aluminosilicate is used food Products as Anti-caking agent
Sodium aluminosilicate is broadly employed as a sustenance additive, known as E-554.
Sodium aluminosilicate is formulated with a broad scope of compositions and possesses numerous applications.


Sodium aluminosilicate is acknowledged as an additive in sustenance where it functions as an anticaking substance.
In addition, as Sodium aluminosilicate is formulated with a scope of compositions, this compound is not severely a chemical element with a settled stoichiometry.


Organically occurring minerals are sometimes provided with the chemical name as our aluminosilicate that includes jadeite and albite.
Sodium aluminosilicate is widely used in textile, paper, wood, construction, casting, and other industries and can also be used as a detergent, binder, filler, etc.


Sodium aluminosilicate is a molecular sieve in medications to keep the contents dry.
Sodium aluminosilicate is used as food additive, anticaking agent, and in dentifrice.
The natural form of Sodium aluminosilicate is found in feldspars and zeolites.


Sodium aluminosilicate is used in the production of leather, polymers, textiles, pulp & paper, paints & lacquers, cleaners & disinfectants, pesticides, food additives, and cosmetics
Sodium aluminosilicate is a dietary supplement that is used to reduce the absorption of certain minerals, such as phosphorus, in the digestive tract.


Sodium aluminosilicate is often used to treat conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and kidney disease.
Sodium aluminosilicate is a dietary supplement that is used to reduce the absorption of certain minerals, such as phosphorus, in the digestive tract.
Sodium aluminosilicate is commonly used to treat hyperphosphatemia (high levels of phosphorus in the blood) in people with kidney disease.


Sodium aluminosilicate is also used to reduce the risk of developing kidney stones.
Sodium aluminosilicate is produced with a wide range of compositions and has many different applications.
Sodium aluminosilicate is encountered as an additive E 554 in food where it acts as an anticaking (free flow) agent.


As Sodium aluminosilicate is manufactured with a range of compositions it is not strictly a chemical compound with a fixed stoichiometry.
The US FDA has as of April 1, 2012 approved Sodium aluminosilicate (sodium silicoaluminate) for direct contact with consumable items under 21 CFR 182.2727.
Sodium aluminosilicate is used as molecular sieve in medicinal containers to keep contents dry.


Sodium aluminosilicate is used in laundry detergents.
Sodium aluminosilicates (zeolites incorporated at 0.75 or 1.5% in the feed) have been reported to be able to form complexes with calcium and to improve shell quality (specific gravity) in 77% of 35 of trials analysed, particularly when the calcium provision was marginal or when chickens were exposed to heat stress.


Synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate is widely used as a food additive, E 554.
Sodium aluminosilicate refers to compounds which contain sodium, aluminium, silicon and oxygen, and which may also contain water.
These include synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate, a few naturally occurring minerals and synthetic zeolites.
Synthetic amorphous Sodium aluminosilicate is widely used as a food additive, E 554.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE is generally unreactive.
May serve as a catalyst to accelerate the rate of reaction between other substances.



HOW IS SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE MADE?
Sodium aluminosilicate is derived from the reaction of aluminum sulphate and sodium silicate followed by precipitation OR by reacting sodium metasilicate, metabisulfite, and aluminum sulfate through steam heating.



TEH FOLLOWING FOOD MAY CONTAIN WITH SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
*Dried powdered foods
*Tablet and coated tablet form foods
*Sliced or grated cheese hard and semi-hard cheese
*Processed cheese
*Cheese product
*Table-top sweeteners in powder/tablets form
*Salt and salt substitutes
*Seasonings and condiments
*Food supplements supplied in a solid form/liquid form
*Fat soluble vitamin



IS SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE SAFE?
Yes, Sodium aluminosilicate's safety when used as a food additive has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), as well as other authorities.

FDA:
Sodium aluminosilicate is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) when used as an anticaking agent at levels not exceed 2% in accordance with a good manufacturing practice.

EFSA:
Sodium aluminosilicate (E554) is listed in Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 as an authorised food additive and categorized as “additives other than colours and sweeteners”.



HOW IS SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE USED IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY?
Sodium aluminosilicate is used in the food industry as an anti-caking agent.
Sodium aluminosilicate is used to prevent clumping and sticking of food ingredients, such as powdered sugar, flour, and spices.
Sodium aluminosilicate is also used to improve the texture of processed foods, such as cheese and processed meats.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE?
Sodium aluminosilicate is a dietary supplement that has many health benefits.
Sodium aluminosilicate can help to reduce inflammation, improve digestion, and boost the immune system.
Sodium aluminosilicate can also help to reduce cholesterol levels, regulate blood sugar levels, and improve cardiovascular health.

Additionally, Sodium aluminosilicate can help to reduce the risk of certain types of cancer, improve bone health, and reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
Furthermore, Sodium aluminosilicate can help to improve skin health, reduce the risk of kidney stones, and improve liver health.
Sodium aluminosilicate is a dietary supplement that is used to reduce the absorption of certain minerals, such as calcium, iron, and zinc.



EXAMPLE PRODUCTS CONTAINING SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
*Tablets,
*capsules,
*powders,
*drinks,
*energy bars,
*cereals,
*snacks.



HOW IS SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE REGULATED ACROSS THE WORLD?
Sodium aluminosilicate is regulated differently across the world.
In the United States, Sodium aluminosilicate is regulated as a dietary supplement by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
In the European Union, Sodium aluminosilicate is regulated as a food additive by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

In Canada, Sodium aluminosilicate is regulated as a food additive by Health Canada.
In Australia, Sodium aluminosilicate is regulated as a food additive by Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ).
In India, Sodium aluminosilicate is regulated as a food additive by the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI).



FUNCTIONAL USES OF SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
*Anticaking agent



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
Molecular Weight: 202.14 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 201.8946485 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 201.8946485 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 126Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 4
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available

Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 10,1 at 50 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,07 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 2,02 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 202.13900
Exact Mass: 201.89500

EC Number: 615-031-0
DSSTox ID: DTXSID7026021
Color/Form: FINE, WHITE, AMORPHOUS POWDER OR BEADS
HScode: 2842100000
PSA: 126.38000
XLogP3: -1.47440
Refractive Index: 1.46
Water Solubility: Insoluble
Odor: ODORLESS
Taste: TASTELESS
PH: 6.5-10.5 (20% SLURRY)
Air and Water Reactions: May absorb moisture from the air.
Insoluble in water.
Reactive Group: Salts, Basic
Pharmacodynamics: Not Available
Mechanism of action: Not Available
Absorption: Not Available
Volume of distribution: Not Available
Protein binding: Not Available
Metabolism: Not Available
Route of elimination: Not Available
Half-life: Not Available
Clearance: Not Available



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Nature of decomposition products not known.
Not combustible.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection:
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Choose body protection in relation to its type
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Store in cool place.
Exposure to moisture.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13:
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
aluminum sodium dioxido(oxo)silane
Aluminosilicic acid, aluminum sodium silicate
SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE
1344-00-9
Sodium aluminum silicate
69912-79-4
308080-99-1
Zeolite 3A
MOLECULARSIEVE
73987-94-7
MOLECULAR SIEVE
aluminum;sodium;dioxido(oxo)silane
Silicic acid, aluminum sodium salt
Aluminate(12-), (orthosilicato(4-))docosaoxododeca-, dodecasodium
MOLECULAR SIEVES, 5A
Aluminate(12-), [orthosilicato(4-)]docosaoxododeca-, dodecasodium
sodium alumino silicate
sodium alumino-silicate
DTXSID7026021
URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ALUMINUM SODIUM TETRAOXIDOSILANE
Molecular sieves, 1/8'' pellets (Linde 5A)
Molecular sieves, -600 mesh powder (Linde 5A)
Molecular sieves, 1/16'' pellets (Linde 5A)
Q724424
Sodium silicoaluminate
INS No. 554
Sodium silicoaluminate
aluminium sodium silicate
silicic acid,
aluminium sodium salt
INS No. 554
Aluminum sodium silicate
P 820 A
Silicic acid,aluminum sodium salt
Aluminosilicic acid,sodium salt
Sodium aluminosilicate
Sodium aluminum silicate
Sodium silicoaluminate
Aluminum sodium silicate
Decalso F
Zeolex 23A
Decalso
Degussa P 820
Zeolex 25
Zeolex 35
Vulkasil A 1
Zeolex 23P
Zeolex 100
Zeolex
Alusil ET
Silteg P 820
Sodium aluminate silicate
Zeolex 23
Zeolex 17S
Clarfina C
Zeolex 323
Zeolex 35P
Kovasav N 20P
Fixwool
Alusil AS
Valfor 950
P 820
Tixolex 28
Geopolymite PS 2
Diachem White Carbon
Hydrex (silicate)
Hydrex
Tixolex 25
Alumi-sil
SP 4-7936
Pasilex P 820
CENAS 019F
Ketjensil SM 405
Tixolex 17
Tixolex 4271
Huber 683
Zeolex 80
E 554
Zeolex 123
Silton FI 85
Silton AMT 30
Sipernat 820
Sipernat 820A
Silton AMT 20S
AMT 20S
UOP T-Powder
Silton AL 08
Zeolex 7A
Sipernat 44MS
ZEOflair 300
ZEOflair 200
ZEOflair 100
Pirosil AS 100A
Zeolex 201
Zeolex 301
Oveil AR
1337-75-3
11140-62-8
12619-57-7
37349-46-5
39429-87-3
53320-75-5
119537-74-5
241166-01-8
422280-74-8
422280-75-9
446020-93-5
884739-74-6
1033037-51-2
1309440-40-1
1402134-88-6
1402134-95-5
Sodium silicoaluminate
sodium aluminosilicate
aluminium sodium silicate
silicic acid, aluminium sodium salt
23P
Aluminosilicic acid, sodium salt
Aluminum silicon sodium oxide
Aluminum sodium silicate
Alusil ET
Amsr 3
Decalso
Decalso F
Degussa P820
Sasil
Silicic acid, aluminum sodium salt
Sodium aluminum silicate
Sodium silicoaluminate
Type A Zeolite
Vulkasil A 1
Zeolex
Zeolex 100
Zeolex 23A
Zeolex 23P
Zeolex 25
Zeolex 35
Sodium silicoaluminate
Aluminosilicic acid, sodium salt
Aluminum sodium silicate
Silicic acid, aluminum sodium salt
Sodium aluminosilicate
Sodium aluminum silicate Sodium feldspar
Zeolite
Zeolites
SODIUM ALUMINIUM SILICATE
SODIUM ALUMINOSILICATE
SODIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE
P 820 A
MOLECULAR SIEVE, TYPE Y, AMMONIUM ION
MOLECULAR SIEVE, TYPE 5A, 8-12 MESH BEADS
MOLECULAR SIEVE, TYPE 5A
aluminosilicicacid,sodiumsalt
Aluminum sodium silicate
Sodium aluminum silicate
Aluminosilicic acid, sodium salt
Silicic acid, aluminum sodium salt
Silicate, sodium alumino-
aluminium sodium salt
sodium silicoaluminate
aluminosilicic acid, sodium salt
sodium aluminium silicate
aluminum sodium silicate
sodium silico aluminate
sasil

SODIUM ARACHIDATE
SYNONYMS L-Ascorbic Acid Sodium Salt; Vitamin C Sodium Salt; Ascorbicin; Ascorbin; Monosodium Ascorbate; 3-oxo-L-gulofuranolactone sodium; Sodium Ascorbate; Sodium L-(+)-Ascorbate; Sodium L-Ascorbate; sodascorbate; CAS NO. 134-03-2
SODIUM ASCORBATE
ascorbic acid sodium salt; Vitamin C sodium salt; Vitamine C sodium salt; SODIUM ASCORBATE; N° CAS : 134-03-2 - Ascorbate de sodium; Nom INCI : SODIUM ASCORBATE. Nom chimique : Sodium ascorbate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-126-1; Additif alimentaire : E301; Ses fonctions (INCI): Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité. Noms français : 3-OXO-L-GULOFURANOLACTONE SODIUM; ASCORBATE DE SODIUM; ASCORBIC ACID SODIUM SALT; L-ASCORBIC ACID, MONOSODIUM SALT; L-ASCORBIC SODIUM SALT; MONOSODIUM ASCORBATE; SEL DE SODIUM DE ;L'ACIDE ASCORBIQUE; SODIUM ASCORBATE; SODIUM L-ASCORBATE. Utilisation et sources d'émission: Additif alimentaire et agent anti-oxydant; Sodium ascorbate; L-Ascorbic acid, sodium salt (1:1). : sodium (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate; sodium 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate (non-preferred name); (+)-Sodium L-ascorbate; (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-Dihydroxyéthyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanolate de sodium [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyéthyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate de sodium; 134-03-2 [RN]; 205-126-1 [EINECS]; Adenex; ascorbate de sodium [French] ; ascorbato de sodio [Spanish] ; ASK-P 10KR; CI7671000; E301; L(+)-Ascorbic acid sodium salt; L-Ascorbic Acid Monosodium Salt; Natrium-(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanolat [German] ; Natrium-(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olat; S033EH8359; Sodium (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydro-3-furanolate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Sodium (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate (non-preferred name); sodium ascorbate; Vitamin C sodium salt ; Vitamine C sodium salt; Xitix; натрия аскорбат [Russian]; أسكوربات صوديوم ; 维生素C钠 [Chinese]; ()-Sodium L-ascorbate; 3-Oxo-L-gulofuranolactone sodium; Aminofenitrooxon ; ascorbate de sodium; ascorbate de sodium; natrii ascorbas; sodium ascorbate; ascorbic acid sodium salt; Ascorbic acid sodium salt (Vitamin C sodium salt); Ascorbicin; Ascorbin; Cebitate ; Cenolate; Iskia-C; L()-Ascorbic acid sodium salt; L(+)-Ascorbic acid sodium salt; Vitamin C sodium salt; (+)-Sodium L-ascorbate; L-Ascorbic Acid ? Monosodium Salt; L-Ascorbic acid sodium L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt; L-Ascorbic acid, monosodium salt; L-Ascorbic acid, sodium salt; monosodium ascorbate; Monosodium L-ascorbate; Natrascorb; Natri-C; natrii ascorbas; Phosphoric acid, 4-amino-3-methylphenyl dimethyl ester [ACD/Index Name]; Sodascorbate; Sodium L-Ascorbate; sodium;(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-olate; Sodiumascorbate; UNII:S033EH8359; UNII-S033EH8359; Vitamin C; VITAMIN C SODIUM; Vitamin- C sodium salt; Vitamin C, sodium salt
SODIUM ASCORBATE

Sodium ascorbate is a mineral salt of ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C. Sodium ascorbate is a water-soluble compound with the chemical formula C6H7NaO6.
Sodium ascorbate is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder with a slightly acidic taste.
Sodium ascorbate is commonly used as a dietary supplement to increase vitamin C intake and as a food additive for its antioxidant properties.
Sodium ascorbate is more stable than ascorbic acid and is often used in food and beverage products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.

CAS Number: 134-03-2
EC Number: 205-126-1

E301, Ascorbate de sodium, Sodium L-ascorbate, L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt, Ascorbic acid sodium salt, Vitamin C sodium salt, Sodium D-ascorbate, Sodium salt of ascorbic acid, Monosodium ascorbate, Sodium 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2-olate, Sodium dihydroascorbate, Sodium ascorbate dihydrate, Na-ascorbate, L-Sodium ascorbate, E301 (antioxidant), Sodium ascorbate (vitamin C), Ascorbic acid sodium, Sodium (L)-ascorbate, L-Ascorbic acid sodium, Vitamin C sodium, Sodium (D)-ascorbate, Monosodium (L)-ascorbate, Sodium-L-ascorbate, Sodium-L-ascorbate dihydrate, Sodium dihydro-L-ascorbate, Sodium-2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)furan-2-olate, Sodium-L-ascorbate hydrate, L-ascorbic acid sodium salt, Sodium L-ascorbate trihydrate, Sodium (S)-ascorbate, Ascorbate de sodium [French], Natriumascorbat [German], Ascorbato de sodio [Spanish], Sodium ascorbate (JP17), 134-03-2, Sodiumascorbate, 2-oxo-L-threo-hexono-1,4-lactone-2,3-enediol monosodium salt, (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one sodium salt, 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one sodium salt, 2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]oxolan-2-one, L-ascorbic acid sodium salt dihydrate, Sodium ascorbate solution, L-ascorbic acid sodium salt solution, Sodium (+)-ascorbate, Sodium ascorbate solution, molecular biology grade, Sodium ascorbate anhydrous, Sodium L-ascorbate, anhydrous, Sodium L-ascorbate, analytical standard, L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT), Sodium ascorbate puriss., L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt, suitable for cell culture, Sodium ascorbate Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=98%, Sodium L-ascorbate, meets USP testing specifications, Sodium L-ascorbate, PharmaGrade, USP, EP, JP, BP, FCC, E330, >=99.0% (calc. to the dried substance), L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt, BioXtra, >=99.0%, Sodium L-ascorbate, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%, Sodium ascorbate, EMPROVE(R) API, L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt, BioReagent, suitable for cell culture, suitable for insect cell culture, Sodium ascorbate purum p.a., >=99.0% (RT), L-Ascorbic acid sodium salt, SAJ first grade, >=98.5% (NT)



APPLICATIONS


Sodium ascorbate is commonly used as a dietary supplement to increase vitamin C intake.
Sodium ascorbate is added to various food and beverage products as a nutrient fortifier and preservative.
In the food industry, sodium ascorbate extends the shelf life of processed foods by preventing oxidation and spoilage.
Sodium ascorbate is used in the production of fruit juices, canned fruits, and vegetables to maintain color and freshness.

Sodium ascorbate is employed as an antioxidant in meat and poultry products to prevent lipid oxidation and preserve flavor.
Sodium ascorbate is added to bakery goods, such as bread and pastries, to improve dough texture and increase shelf life.
In the pharmaceutical industry, sodium ascorbate is used as an excipient in the formulation of tablets, capsules, and liquid medications.

Sodium ascorbate serves as a stabilizer and antioxidant in pharmaceutical formulations to enhance drug stability and efficacy.
Sodium ascorbate is utilized in skincare products, including serums, creams, and lotions, for its antioxidant and skin-brightening properties.
Sodium ascorbate helps reduce the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and hyperpigmentation.
Sodium ascorbate is incorporated into cosmetic formulations to boost collagen production and improve skin elasticity.

In oral care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, sodium ascorbate helps promote gum health and prevent gingivitis.
Sodium ascorbate is used in the production of dietary supplements, including multivitamins, immune boosters, and energy drinks.
Sodium ascorbate is added to infant formulas and baby foods to ensure adequate vitamin C intake for healthy growth and development.

Sodium ascorbate is employed in animal feed formulations to enhance nutrient absorption, boost immunity, and improve overall health.
Sodium ascorbate is used in the manufacturing of pet supplements and treats to support pet health and vitality.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the production of skincare masks and patches for its rejuvenating and brightening effects.
In the beverage industry, sodium ascorbate is added to sports drinks, vitamin waters, and energy drinks for its antioxidant properties.
Sodium ascorbate helps replenish electrolytes and reduce oxidative stress during physical activity.

Sodium ascorbate is used in the treatment of vitamin C deficiency conditions, such as scurvy, in both children and adults.
Sodium ascorbate is administered orally or intravenously under medical supervision to restore vitamin C levels in the body.

Sodium ascorbate is employed in laboratory research as a reducing agent and antioxidant in cell culture studies and biochemical assays.
Sodium ascorbate is used in the preparation of tissue culture media to promote cell growth and viability.
Sodium ascorbate is employed in the preservation of biological samples and tissues for research and diagnostic purposes.
Overall, sodium ascorbate plays a vital role in various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and healthcare, due to its versatile applications and beneficial properties.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the production of dietary supplements targeted at individuals with specific health concerns, such as cardiovascular health, immune support, and skin rejuvenation.
Sodium ascorbate is added to vitamin C-infused water and sports beverages to enhance hydration and provide antioxidant benefits.
Sodium ascorbate is used in the formulation of cold and flu remedies, including effervescent tablets, powders, and syrups, to alleviate symptoms and boost immunity.

In the cosmetic industry, sodium ascorbate is incorporated into anti-aging serums, moisturizers, and eye creams to reduce the appearance of dark circles and puffiness.
Sodium ascorbate is included in sunscreen formulations to provide photoprotection against UV-induced skin damage and premature aging.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in hair care products, such as shampoos and conditioners, to strengthen hair follicles and promote healthy hair growth.
Sodium ascorbate is added to skincare masks and peels to exfoliate dead skin cells and promote cell turnover, resulting in a smoother and more radiant complexion.
Sodium ascorbate is employed in wound healing formulations, such as creams and gels, to accelerate tissue repair and minimize scarring.
Sodium ascorbate is used in eye drops and ointments to alleviate symptoms of dry eyes and promote ocular health.

Sodium ascorbate is incorporated into lip care products, including balms and treatments, to soothe and hydrate chapped lips.
Sodium ascorbate is used in hair color formulations to prevent oxidative damage and maintain hair color vibrancy.
Sodium ascorbate is employed in dental care products, such as toothpaste and mouthwash, to promote gum health and prevent periodontal disease.
Sodium ascorbate is added to oral rehydration solutions to restore electrolyte balance and improve hydration in cases of dehydration.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the production of animal vaccines and veterinary medications to enhance immune response and protect against infectious diseases.
Sodium ascorbate is included in aquaculture feeds to improve fish health and growth rates.
Sodium ascorbate is used in the preservation of fresh-cut fruits and vegetables to maintain color, texture, and nutritional value during storage and transportation.

Sodium ascorbate is added to meat and seafood products to prevent oxidation and extend shelf life.
Sodium ascorbate is employed in the treatment of iron overload disorders, such as hemochromatosis, to facilitate iron excretion and reduce iron toxicity.
Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the preparation of histological fixatives and stains for microscopy and histopathology studies.
Sodium ascorbate is added to printing inks and coatings to improve color stability and enhance print quality.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the production of photographic developers and fixers to reduce silver oxidation and preserve image quality.
Sodium ascorbate is employed in the manufacture of metal plating solutions to inhibit corrosion and improve plating uniformity.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the synthesis of organic chemicals and pharmaceutical intermediates for various industrial applications.
Sodium ascorbate is added to drilling fluids and lubricants in the oil and gas industry to inhibit corrosion and improve drilling performance.
Overall, sodium ascorbate's diverse applications span across multiple industries, contributing to improved health, product quality, and performance in various applications.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the formulation of intravenous solutions for parenteral administration in hospitals and healthcare settings.
Sodium ascorbate is added to intramuscular injections to deliver vitamin C directly into the bloodstream for rapid absorption.
Sodium ascorbate is used in the preparation of eye drops for the treatment of ocular infections and inflammation.
Sodium ascorbate is employed in the production of wound irrigation solutions to cleanse and disinfect wounds.

Sodium ascorbate is included in skincare formulations for sensitive skin types due to its gentle and non-irritating properties.
Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the production of dietary supplements targeted at individuals with allergies or sensitivities to common vitamin C sources.
Sodium ascorbate is added to pet supplements and pet foods to support overall health and well-being in dogs, cats, and other companion animals.

Sodium ascorbate is employed in the preservation of pharmaceutical solutions and suspensions to maintain stability and efficacy.
Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the manufacturing of diagnostic reagents and test kits for medical laboratories and research institutions.
Sodium ascorbate is added to fruit juices and smoothies to enhance flavor and nutritional value.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the production of effervescent tablets and powders for convenient vitamin C supplementation on the go.
Sodium ascorbate is included in electrolyte replacement solutions to prevent dehydration and maintain fluid balance during exercise and physical activity.
Sodium ascorbate is employed in the production of nutritional bars and snacks as a natural antioxidant and flavor enhancer.
Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the preservation of herbal extracts and botanical formulations in traditional medicine and herbal remedies.

Sodium ascorbate is added to marinades and brines to tenderize meat and poultry while adding a tangy flavor.
Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the manufacture of color cosmetics, such as blushes and eyeshadows, for its skin-brightening and antioxidant properties.
Sodium ascorbate is included in hair care products, such as serums and leave-in treatments, to protect hair from environmental damage and improve shine.

Sodium ascorbate is employed in the production of dietary supplements targeted at pregnant and breastfeeding women to support maternal and fetal health.
Sodium ascorbate is added to antacid formulations to enhance the absorption of minerals and improve gastrointestinal health.
Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the preparation of dental materials, such as dental cements and adhesives, for its antibacterial and tissue-healing properties.

Sodium ascorbate is included in the formulation of mouthwashes and oral rinses to promote gum health and prevent periodontal disease.
Sodium ascorbate is employed in the production of feed additives for livestock and poultry to enhance growth performance and immune function.
Sodium ascorbate is added to cosmetics and personal care products for men, such as shaving creams and aftershaves, for its soothing and moisturizing effects.

Sodium ascorbate is utilized in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical syrups and suspensions for pediatric use due to its palatable taste and easy administration.
Overall, sodium ascorbate's wide range of applications makes it a versatile ingredient in various industries, contributing to improved health, nutrition, and product quality.



DESCRIPTION


Sodium ascorbate is a mineral salt of ascorbic acid, commonly known as vitamin C. Sodium ascorbate is a water-soluble compound with the chemical formula C6H7NaO6.
Sodium ascorbate is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder with a slightly acidic taste.
Sodium ascorbate is commonly used as a dietary supplement to increase vitamin C intake and as a food additive for its antioxidant properties.

Sodium ascorbate is more stable than ascorbic acid and is often used in food and beverage products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics.
Sodium ascorbate serves as a source of vitamin C in various formulations, providing health benefits such as supporting immune function, collagen synthesis, and antioxidant protection against oxidative stress.

Sodium ascorbate is a white to slightly yellowish crystalline powder.
Sodium ascorbate is odorless and has a slightly acidic taste.
Sodium ascorbate is highly soluble in water.

Sodium ascorbate is the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, also known as vitamin C.
Sodium ascorbate has a chemical formula of C6H7NaO6.

The molecular weight of sodium ascorbate is approximately 198.11 g/mol.
Sodium ascorbate is commonly used as a dietary supplement to increase vitamin C intake.
Sodium ascorbate is also utilized as a food additive for its antioxidant properties.

Sodium ascorbate is more stable than ascorbic acid and has a longer shelf life.
Sodium ascorbate is often preferred in formulations where stability is crucial.

Sodium ascorbate plays a vital role in various biological processes in the body.
Sodium ascorbate is essential for collagen synthesis, wound healing, and immune function.
Sodium ascorbate acts as a cofactor in enzymatic reactions and helps neutralize free radicals.

The antioxidant properties of sodium ascorbate make it valuable for protecting cells from oxidative damage.
Sodium ascorbate is used in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products.
Sodium ascorbate is commonly found in skincare products for its skin-brightening and anti-aging effects.
In the food industry, it is added to beverages, baked goods, and processed foods as a nutrient fortifier and preservative.

Sodium ascorbate is stable under a wide range of pH conditions.
Sodium ascorbate is compatible with other food ingredients and additives.
Sodium ascorbate is approved for use in various countries as a food additive (E301).
Sodium ascorbate is manufactured through the reaction of ascorbic acid with sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
The purity of sodium ascorbate is critical for its effectiveness in formulations.

Sodium ascorbate is subjected to rigorous quality control measures to ensure compliance with regulatory standards.
Sodium ascorbate is packaged and stored in airtight containers to protect it from moisture and contamination.
Overall, sodium ascorbate is a versatile compound with numerous applications in healthcare, nutrition, and food processing.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C6H7NaO6
Molecular Weight: Approximately 198.11 g/mol
Appearance: White to slightly yellowish crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Slightly acidic
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Melting Point: Decomposes at approximately 190°C (374°F)
Density: Approximately 1.65 g/cm³
pH (1% Solution): Typically around 7.5 - 8.5
Hygroscopicity: Slightly hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from the air)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions, but may decompose upon exposure to heat, light, or air
Storage Stability: Store in a cool, dry place away from heat and moisture to prevent degradation
Acidity/Basicity: Slightly acidic in aqueous solutions
Solvent Compatibility: Soluble in water, insoluble in organic solvents such as ether and chloroform
Reactivity: Generally non-reactive with most metals, acids, and bases under normal conditions
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Generally considered non-toxic when used as directed, but excessive intake may cause gastrointestinal discomfort



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Sodium ascorbate dust or powder is inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, remove the affected individual to fresh air immediately.
Allow the person to rest in a comfortable position and provide supportive care as needed.
If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention promptly.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Sodium ascorbate, remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
Rinse the skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes to ensure complete removal of the substance.
If skin irritation, redness, or rash develops, seek medical advice.
Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure to Sodium ascorbate to prevent skin sensitization.


Eye Contact:

If Sodium ascorbate comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention, especially if irritation, redness, pain, or vision disturbances persist after rinsing.


Ingestion:

If Sodium ascorbate is ingested accidentally and symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, or gastrointestinal discomfort occur, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical personnel.
Give the affected individual small sips of water to drink if they are conscious and not vomiting.
Do not administer anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek medical advice promptly, and provide the healthcare provider with information regarding the amount ingested, the time of ingestion, and the individual's symptoms.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety glasses, gloves, and protective clothing, when handling Sodium ascorbate.
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of dust or powder. Use a dust mask if handling in powdered form.

Handling Precautions:
Handle Sodium ascorbate with care to prevent spills and minimize dust generation.
Use suitable containment measures (e.g., closed systems, local exhaust ventilation) to control airborne dust and minimize exposure.

Avoidance of Contamination:
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents and acids.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling Sodium ascorbate, especially before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.
Avoid touching the face, eyes, nose, or mouth with contaminated hands.


Storage Conditions:

Storage Temperature:
Store Sodium ascorbate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat.
Maintain storage temperatures below 25°C (77°F) to prevent degradation and maintain product quality.

Container Compatibility:
Use containers made of suitable materials, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) or glass, for storing Sodium ascorbate.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent moisture ingress and contamination.

Separation:
Store Sodium ascorbate away from incompatible materials, such as strong oxidizing agents, acids, and alkalis.
Segregate from food and feedstuffs to prevent accidental contamination.

Handling of Packages:
Handle containers with care to prevent damage and leakage.
Avoid dropping or mishandling containers to minimize the risk of spills or accidents.

Labeling and Identification:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the product name, chemical identity (Sodium ascorbate), hazard information, and handling precautions.
Use clear and legible labels to facilitate easy identification and safe handling.



SODIUM ASCORBATE
Sodium Ascorbate is an organic sodium salt and a vitamin C.
Sodium Ascorbate contains a L-ascorbate.
Sodium Ascorbate is a six carbon compound related to glucose.


CAS Number: 134-03-2
EC Number: 205-126-1
E number: E301 (antioxidants, ...)
Chemical formula: C6H7NaO6
Molecular Formula: C6H7O6.Na / C6H7O6Na



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SODIUM ASCORBATE (II), SODIUM ASCORBATE [II], SODIUM ASCORBATE (MART.), SODIUM ASCORBATE [MART.], sodiumascorbate, SODIUM ASCORBATE (USP-RS), SODIUM ASCORBATE [USP-RS], Ascorbato sodico, Ascorbato sodico [DCIT], SODIUM ASCORBATE (EP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM ASCORBATE [EP MONOGRAPH], SODIUM ASCORBATE (USP MONOGRAPH), SODIUM ASCORBATE [USP MONOGRAPH], Monosodium Ascorbate, Ascorbic acid sodium derivative, CCRIS 3291, HSDB 694, HBL 508, EINECS 205-126-1, Tianafacacid, Sodium ascorbate [USP:INN], UNII-S033EH8359, Sodium derivative of 3-oxo-L-gulofuranolactone, Ascorbate, Sodium, sodium (2R)-2-((1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, Sodium ascorbate, Sodium (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, (+)-Sodium L-ascorbate ,Vitamin C sodium salt;Sodium L-ascorbate, E301, sodium L-ascorbate salt, VITA-JEC C, EC 205-126-1, SCHEMBL3745, ASK-P 10KR,
DTXCID60105, L(+)Ascorbic acid sodium salt, HY-B0166A, PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M, SODIUM ASCORBATE [WHO-DD], L-Ascorbic Acid Sodium Salt,(S), Tox21_300556, AKOS015895058, L-Ascorbic acid, sodium salt (1:1), SODIUM ASCORBATE [ORANGE BOOK], ASCORBIC ACID SODIUM SALT [MI], CS-6063, DB14482, 3-Keto-L-gulofuranlactone sodium enolate, NCGC00254355-01, BP-30077, CAS-134-03-2, A0539, E80761, EN300-221566, A806721, Q424551, J-006471, 2,3-Didehydro-L-theo-hexono-1,4-lactone sodium enolate, Z1255486556, sodium (2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-bis(oxidanyl)ethyl]-4-oxidanyl-5-oxidanylidene-2H-furan-3-olate,
Sodium(R)-2-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate, sodium;(2R)-2-[(1S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-olate, (+)-Sodium L-ascorbate, L(+)-Ascorbic acid sodium salt, Vitamin C sodium salt, Vitamin C Sodium, Ascorbic Acid Sodium Salt, Monosodium L-Ascorbate, SODIUM L-ASCORBATE,L-ASCORBIC ACID SODIUM SALT,SodiuM ascorbat,Sodium Ascorbate Powder,cebitate,VITAMIN C SODIUM,VITAMINE C SODIUM SALT,L-ASCORBIC ACID SODIUM,SODIUM ASCORBATE 97% GRANULATION,Sodium (R)-2-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate,



Sodium ascorbate is a form of vitamin C that can help with dark spots and uneven tone.
Sodium Ascorbate is one of the popular food additives and ingredients in most countries.
Sodium Ascorbate, USP is one of a number of mineral salts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).


Sodium ascorbate is a water soluble nutrient well known for its vital role in the immune system.
Sodium ascorbate is also necessary for the production of collagen (a structural protein in connective tissue) and is therefore important for skin, bone, and joint health.


Sodium ascorbate is needed for amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and the utilization of many nutrients, such as folic acid and iron.
It is also a highly effective antioxidant that can help maintain healthy tissues by neutralizing free radicals generated during normal metabolism and exposure to environmental stressors.


Sodium ascorbate is a non-bitter, non-acidic, buffered form of vitamin C in a highly soluble form.
Sodium Ascorbate is a white odorless powder categorized as a mineral salt or the sodium salt of ascorbic acid.
Sodium Ascorbate has a preferred low acidic dietary & nutritional application in foods & beverages.


Sodium Ascorbate, also known as E301, is a sodium salt of ascorbic acid.
Sodium Ascorbate is sodium salt of ascorbic acid (commonly known as vitamin C), which is approved for use as a food additive in many countries.
Sodium Ascorbate is consisted of a combination of sodium and vitamin C, which commonly serve as an antioxidant and an acidity regulator in pharmaceutical manufacturing and in the food industry.


In this mixture, sodium acts as a buffer, creating a less acidic supplement than those made entirely from vitamin C.
Sodium Ascorbate can be easier to tolerate if the digestive system is sensitive to acid.
As a vitamin C supplement, Sodium Ascorbate provides both sodium and vitamin C for human body, which is effective to prevent or treat vitamin C deficiency.


Besides, studies have shown that taking sodium ascorbate is helpful with cancer prevention and treatment.
Sodium Ascorbate is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ascorbic acid by a sodium ion.
Sodium Ascorbate has a role as a food antioxidant, a flour treatment agent, a coenzyme, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and a reducing agent.


Sodium Ascorbate is an organic sodium salt and a vitamin C.
Sodium Ascorbate contains a L-ascorbate.
Sodium Ascorbate is a minute crystals or white powder.


pH of aqueous solutions of Sodium Ascorbate 5.6 to 7.0 or even higher (a 10% solution, made from a commercial grade, may have a pH of 7.4 to 7.7).
Sodium Ascorbate is a non-bitter, non-acidic, fully reacted, buffered, crystalline powder combining 100% pharmaceutical grade vitamin C and sodium in a highly soluble form.


Sodium ascorbate is a form of vitamin C that has sodium components that help lower its acidity levels.
The sodium content helps vitamin C to be easily absorbed and stay longer in the body.
Sodium Ascorbate serves as an antioxidant that helps keep your cells from damage and keep them healthy.


Sodium Ascorbate is the sodium salt of ascorbic acid.
Sodium ascorbate (C6H7NaO6) is the sodium salt form of vitamin C that is more easily absorbed than ascorbic acid.
Sodium ascorbate can be given as an injection.


Sodium ascorbate is also found in osmotic laxatives indicated for cleansing of the colon as a preparation for colonoscopy.
Sodium Ascorbate may also be found as an ingredient in other pharmaceutical products.
Sodium ascorbate can also be used as a food additive and is listed on the FDA list of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) substances.


Sodium Ascorbate is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.
Sodium Ascorbate is a sodium salt of L-Ascorbic acid or Vitamin C, a member of a group of food additives called mineral ascorbates.
Although it is mainly used in the food processing industry as an antioxidant, preservative, acidity regulator, and vitamin C supplement (E301), Sodium Ascorbate is a valuable ingredient for personal care applications.


Sodium Ascorbate has been clinically tested for treating various skin conditions and even diseases like melanoma and proved its effectiveness for vitamin C-like action and killing cancer cells.
But unfortunately, Sodium ascorbate inherited a weak point of L-Ascorbic acid - instability; in formulations, it should be protected from air and light, which can break down this powerful ingredient.


Thus, liposome or another type of encapsulation is crucial for the effectiveness and shelf-life of this ingredient.
Compared with pure L-Ascorbic acid, Sodium Ascorbate has better bioavailability thanks to the presence of Na+ cation.
Special proteins Sodium-dependant Vitamin C Transporters are responsible for transferring ascorbate anion (vitamin C) into the cell.


A higher sodium gradient provides a higher penetration rate.
Like vitamin C, Sodium Ascorbate is a potent antioxidant.
In addition, Sodium Ascorbate works well in synergy with other free radical scavenging molecules like tocopherols (vitamin E), protecting cell membranes, DNA, and other structures from oxidative stress and UV-induced damage.


In addition, Sodium Ascorbate exhibits all beneficial effects of L-Ascorbic acid on the skin, including boosting collagen production, suppressing melanin synthesis, and enhancing cell metabolism and skin recovery.
Sodium Ascorbate is a perfect anti-aging ingredient with many benefits for the skin's healthy, smooth, and bright appearance.


Sodium Ascorbate considerably decreased the proliferation and motility of GBM and PC cells.
This effect was accompanied by intracellular ROS over-production and necrotic death of tumor cells, apparently resulting from their "autoschizis".
Sodium ascorbate is a form of vitamin C that’s been bound to the mineral salt sodium.


The basic properties and health benefits are virtually identical with ascorbic acid, but the mineral salt buffers and therefore lowers the acidity of ascorbic acid and is a gentler way to get your daily allowance if ascorbic acid irritates the stomach.
Sodium Ascorbate is one of a number of mineral salts of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).


The molecular formula of Sodium Ascorbate is C6H7NaO6.
As the sodium salt of ascorbic acid, Sodium Ascorbate is known as a mineral ascorbate.
Sodium Ascorbate has not been demonstrated to be more bioavailable than any other form of vitamin C supplement.


Sodium Ascorbate normally provides 131 mg of sodium per 1,000 mg of ascorbic acid (1,000 mg of sodium ascorbate contains 889 mg of ascorbic acid and 111 mg of sodium).
Sodium Ascorbate is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, USA, Australia, and New Zealand.


Sodium Ascorbate is a minute crystals or white powder.
pH of aqueous solutions 5.6 to 7.0 or even higher (a 10% solution, made from a commercial grade, may have a pH of 7.4 to 7.7).
Sodium Ascorbate is an organic sodium salt resulting from the replacement of the proton from the 3-hydroxy group of ascorbic acid by a sodium ion.


Sodium Ascorbate has a role as a food antioxidant, a flour treatment agent, a coenzyme, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, a Daphnia magna metabolite and a reducing agent.
Sodium Ascorbate is an organic sodium salt and a vitamin C.


Sodium Ascorbate contains a L-ascorbate.
Sodium Ascorbate is a six carbon compound related to glucose.
Sodium Ascorbate is found naturally in citrus fruits and many vegetables.


Ascorbic acid is an essential nutrient in human diets, and necessary to maintain connective tissue and bone.
Sodium Ascorbate's biologically active form, vitamin C, functions as a reducing agent and coenzyme in several metabolic pathways. Vitamin C is considered an antioxidant.



USES and APPLICATIONS of SODIUM ASCORBATE:
As a food additive, Sodium Ascorbate has the E number E301 and is used as an antioxidant and an acidity regulator.
Sodium Ascorbate is used mainly in Additive and Acidity Regulator Additive in Food & Beverages, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Additive and Bread Mixes as part of the dough conditioner system.


In frostings, Sodium Ascorbate is used as antioxidant and preservative.
Sodium Ascorbate is generally used as an antioxidant in pharmaceutical formulations and food products.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards and pharmacopeia primary standards.


Sodium Ascorbate may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard for the determination of the analyte in bulk drug and pharmaceutical formulations by titrimetry and liquid chromatography.
These Secondary Standards are qualified as Certified Reference Materials.


These are suitable for use in several analytical applications including but not limited to pharma release testing, pharma method development for qualitative and quantitative analyses, food and beverage quality control testing, and other calibration requirements.
Sodium Ascorbate is an antioxidant that is the sodium form of ascorbic acid.


Sodium Ascorbate is soluble in water and provides a nonacidic taste. a 10% aqueous solution has a ph of 7.3–7.6.
In water, Sodium Ascorbate readily reacts with atmospheric oxygen and other oxidizing agents, making it valuable as an antioxidant.
One part Sodium Ascorbate is equivalent to 1.09 parts of sodium erythorbate.


Sodium Ascorbate is a water soluble molecule used in a wide variety of applications, including cell culture, as a reducing agent that helps reduce oxidative stress.
Sodium Ascorbate is used as antimicrobial and antioxidant in foodstuffs.


Sodium Ascorbate can be used both as a nutrient (vitamin C) and as an additive (antioxidant).
Sodium Ascorbate might be beneficial over ascorbic acid because it is buffered by the sodium, making it less acidic.
This might be beneficial for those who suffer from gastrointestinal side effects when they take other forms of vitamin C.


A form of vitamin C; Sodium Ascorbate is used as a vitamin supplement and in food production as an antioxidant and acidity regulator.
As a food additive, sodium ascorbate is used as an antioxidant and an acidity regulator.



PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF SODIUM ASCORBATE:
Sodium ascorbate is used as an antioxidant in pharmaceutical formulations, and also in food products where it increases the effectiveness of sodium nitrite against growth of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked meats.
Sodium Ascorbate improves gel cohesiveness and sensory firmness of fiberized products regardless of vacuum treatment.
Sodium Ascorbate is also used therapeutically as a source of vitamin C in tablets and parenteral preparations.



PRODUCTION METHODS OF SODIUM ASCORBATE:
An equivalent amount of Sodium Ascorbate is added to a solution of ascorbic acid in water.
Following the cessation of effervescence, the addition of propan-2-ol precipitates Sodium Ascorbate.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SODIUM ASCORBATE:
Sodium Ascorbate occurs as a white or slightly yellow-colored, practically odorless, crystalline powder with a pleasant saline taste.



BIOCHEM/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF SODIUM ASCORBATE:
Ascorbic acid exhibits anti-oxidant properties.
Sodium Ascorbate is a primary substrate for detoxifying hydrogen peroxide.
Ascorbic acid is a co-factor for the synthesis of adrenal steroids and catecholamines.

L-Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a water soluble molecule used in a wide variety of applications, including cell culture, as a reducing agent that helps reduce oxidative stress.
L-Ascorbate can be regenerated by biological systems.



PRODUCTION OF SODIUM ASCORBATE:
Sodium Ascorbate is produced by dissolving ascorbic acid in water and adding an equivalent amount of sodium bicarbonate in water.
After cessation of effervescence, the Sodium Ascorbate is precipitated by the addition of isopropanol.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF SODIUM ASCORBATE:
Sodium Ascorbate is a weak base.
Materials in this group are generally soluble in water.

The resulting solutions contain moderate concentrations of hydroxide ions and have pH's greater than 7.0.
They react as bases to neutralize acids.

These neutralizations generate heat, but less or far less than is generated by neutralization of the bases in reactivity group 10 (Bases) and the neutralization of amines.
They usually do not react as either oxidizing agents or reducing agents but such behavior is not impossible.



AIR AND WWATER REACTIONS OF SODIUM ASCORBATE:
Sodium Ascorbate is water soluble.
Aqueous solutions of Sodium Ascorbate are subject to quick air oxidation at pH greater than 6.0.



WHICH IS BETTER: SODIUM ASCORBATE OR ASCORBIC ACID?
Any of these forms of vitamin C may help improve your immune system function and provide antioxidant abilities.
As such, your body may become better at combating damage caused by free radicals and other harmful chemicals.

Sodium Ascorbate is a high absorption, bioavailable form of Vitamin C that serves to fortify your body’s immune system, helping you and your family stay healthy.

*BE ACTIVE, STAY ACTIVE: a powerful antioxidant and supports the production of carnitine, collagen, and certain neurotransmitters, vital to supporting optimal energy production, healthy looking skin, tissue repair, and brain health

*MIXES WELL & KID FRIENDLY: mixes easily into smoothies and juice, and its mild taste makes it more tolerable for kids and adults than sour tasting forms of Vitamin C such as ascorbic acid

*EASIER ON THE DIGESTION: unlike other Vitamin C supplements such as ascorbic acid that may lead to heartburn, reflux, and stomach upset, this buffered form goes down easy, even when taken in higher doses



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of SODIUM ASCORBATE:
Chemical formula: C6H7NaO6
Molar mass: 198.106 g·mol−1
Appearance: minute white to yellow crystals
Odor: odorless
Density: 1.66 g/cm3
Melting point: 218 °C (424 °F; 491 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 62 g/100 mL (25 °C)
78 g/100 mL (75 °C)
Solubility: very slightly soluble in alcohol
insoluble in chloroform, ether
Physical state: crystalline
Color: light yellow
Odor: odorless

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 220 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): May form combustible dust concentrations in air.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: 232 °C
pH: 7 - 8 at 100 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 642,6 g/l at 20 °C completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: < -4,2 at 22 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,88 g/cm3 at 19,7 °C

Relative density: 1,88 at 19,7 °C -
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension: 74 mN/m at 20,3 °C
Molecular Weight: 198.11 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 198.01403222 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.01403222 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 110Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 237
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C 6 H 7 NaO 6
CAS Number: 134-03-2
Molecular Weight: 198.11
Beilstein: 3767246
EC Number: 205-126-1
MDL number: MFCD00082340
PubChem Substance ID: 329823275
CBNumber:CB8155737
Molecular Formula:C6H7NaO6
Molecular Weight:198.11
MDL Number:MFCD00082340
MOL File:134-03-2.mol

Melting point: 220 °C (dec.)(lit.)
alpha: 104 º (c=1, H2O 25 ºC)
Boiling point: 235 °C
Density: 1.66
vapor pressure: 0 Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 105.5 ° (C=10, H2O)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL
form: powder
color: white to slightly yellow
Odor: odorless
PH: 7.48(1 mM solution);7.71(10 mM solution);
7.64(100 mM solution);7.62(1000 mM solution)
optical activity: [α]20/D +105±2°, c = 5% in H2O
Water Solubility: 620 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,830
BRN: 3767246
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

LogP: -4.2 at 21.9℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 134-03-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA 21 CFR: 182.3731; 582.3731
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): SODIUM ASCORBATE
SCOGS (Select Committee on GRAS Substances): Sodium L-ascorbate
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: S033EH8359
EPA Substance Registry System: Sodium ascorbate (134-03-2)
Physical Appearance: A solid
Storage: Store at -20°C
M.Wt: 198.11
Cas No.: 134-03-2
Formula: C6H7NaO6
Solubility: ≥44.2 mg/mL in DMSO;
≥2.82 mg/mL in EtOH with ultrasonic;
insoluble in H2O
Chemical Name: sodium (R)-2-((S)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-3-olate
Canonical SMILES: O=C1C(O)=C([O-])[C@@H]([C@@H](O)CO)O1.[Na+]



FIRST AID MEASURES of SODIUM ASCORBATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of SODIUM ASCORBATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry. Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of SODIUM ASCORBATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of SODIUM ASCORBATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of SODIUM ASCORBATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Light sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of SODIUM ASCORBATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


SODIUM ASCORBATE ( Ascorbate de sodium) Vitamine C sodium salt
SYNONYMS Sodium L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate (Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate);L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium salt;Sodium ascorbyl monophosphate;Trisodium ascorbate-2-phosphate CAS NO:66170-10-3
SODIUM ASCORBYL PHOSPHATE
cas no 1302-78-9 Montmorillonite; Taylorite; Wilkinite; Alumino silicate; Sodium montmorillonite;
SODIUM BENTONITE
cas no 532-32-1 Benzoate of soda; Sodium salt of benzoic acid; Benzoan sodny; Benzoate de sodium; Benzoate sodium; Benzoesaeure (German); NA-SALZ (German); Sobenate; Sodium Benzoic Acid; Ucephan; Benzoan Sodny (Czech);