Polylactic acid; Polylactide; polygalactic acid; Poly(2-hydroxypropionic acid) CAS NO: 26100-51-6

PVP, Povidone; PVPP, Crospovidone; Polyvidone; PNVP; Poly[1-(2-oxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)ethylen]; 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidon homopolymer; 1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidinon-Polymere cas no: 9003-39-8

PVP/VA Copolymer; Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-Vinyl Acetate) cas no:25086-89-9

POLYMETHACRYLAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE N° CAS : 68039-13-4 Origine(s) : Synthétique Nom INCI : POLYMETHACRYLAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE Nom chimique : 1-Propanaminium, N,N,N-trimethyl-3-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, chloride, homopolymer Classification : Ammonium quaternaire Ses fonctions (INCI) Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles

POLYMETHACRYLATE; POLY(METHACRYLIC ACID); METHACRYLIC ACID POLYMER; anaerobicadhesive(gy-168); anaerobicadhesive(gy-340); Polymethacrylic Acid(PMAA); methacrylic acid homopolymer; POLYMETHACRYLATE MICRO PARTICLES; 2-methyl-2-propenoicacihomopolymer; poly(methacrylic acid) macromolecule CAS NO:25087-26-7

cas no 9011-14-7 Methacrylic acid methyl ester polymers; Methyl methacrylate homopolymer; Methyl methacrylate polymer; Methyl methacrylate resin; 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester homopolymer; Acronal; Acrylite; Acryloid; Acrypet; Acrysol; Akuripetto; Altulor; Crinothene; Degalan; Delpet; Diakon; Disapol; Elvacite; Kallocryl; Kallodent; Kaneace; Korad; LSO; Lucite; Metaplex; Organic glass; Osteobond; Palacos; Paraglas; Paraplex; Perspex; Plexiglas; Plexigum; PMMA; PMMA-A; Pontalite; Repairsin; Resarit; Rhoplex; Riston; Romacryl; Shinkolite; Sumipex; Superacryl; Tensol; Torex; Vedril;

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic polymer that is commonly known as acrylic, acrylic glass, or plexiglass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is made from the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA).

CAS Number: 9011-14-7
EC Number: 202-415-4



APPLICATIONS


Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has a wide range of applications in various industries due to its unique properties such as transparency, resistance to UV light and weathering, and good mechanical strength.
Some of its major applications include:

Optical applications such as lenses, prisms, and light guides.
Signage and advertising boards.
Medical implants and devices due to its biocompatibility.
Automotive industry for the production of headlights, taillights, and instrument clusters.
Construction industry for windows, skylights, and sound barriers.
Aircraft industry for windows and canopies.
Marine industry for windows and hatches.
LCD screens and displays.
Illumination industry for the production of light diffusers and light pipes.
Safety equipment such as face shields and safety goggles.
Protective covers for electronic devices.
Art and design industry for the production of sculptures and art installations.
Dental industry for the production of dental prostheses.
Packaging industry for the production of food packaging.
3D printing industry for the production of various prototypes and parts.
Resins for adhesives and coatings.
Production of decorative objects and furniture.
Solar panel covers and enclosures.
Noise barriers for highways and railways.
Optical fibers for telecommunications.
Anti-reflective coatings for glass and plastics.
Insulation panels for the construction industry.
Diffusers for LED lighting.
Molded parts for various applications.
Laboratory equipment such as cuvettes and containers.


Polymethyl methacrylate is widely used in the automotive industry for manufacturing exterior parts and body panels due to its excellent weather resistance and impact strength.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the construction industry for making skylights, windows, and signage due to its high transparency and resistance to weathering.

In the medical industry, polymethyl methacrylate is used as a bone cement in orthopedic surgery to fix fractured bones or replace damaged joints.
Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used in the manufacturing of optical lenses and contact lenses due to its high optical clarity and light transmittance.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of LCD screens, flat-panel displays, and electronic touch screens for various electronic devices such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the aerospace industry for manufacturing airplane windows and canopies due to its lightweight, high strength, and resistance to impact and weathering.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of dental prosthesis and restorations due to its biocompatibility and aesthetic properties.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of aquariums and terrariums due to its high transparency and scratch resistance.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacturing of sports equipment such as hockey sticks and ski slopes due to its high impact resistance and strength.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a coating in the packaging industry to provide a protective layer and enhance the appearance of the packaging materials.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of decorative items and lighting fixtures due to its high transparency and ability to diffuse light.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of automotive headlamps due to its high resistance to heat, UV light, and weathering.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of large-scale sculptures due to its ability to withstand weathering and retain its optical properties for a long time.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of safety equipment such as bulletproof glass and riot shields due to its high strength and impact resistance.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of aircraft canopies and windshields due to its high strength and ability to withstand extreme weather conditions.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of signs and billboards due to its high transparency and ability to withstand weathering.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of furniture and household items such as tables, chairs, and lamps due to its aesthetic properties and durability.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of art and craft materials such as paint and adhesive due to its adhesive properties and ability to retain color and texture.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of photo frames and displays due to its high transparency and ability to enhance the appearance of photographs and artwork.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of windshields for boats and yachts due to its high optical clarity and ability to withstand saltwater corrosion.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of solar panels due to its high optical transparency and ability to withstand weathering.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of high-end watches and jewelry due to its ability to retain color and shine for a long time.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of cosmetic implants and devices due to its biocompatibility and aesthetic properties.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of electrical enclosures and housings due to its high resistance to heat, fire, and chemical corrosion.

Polymethyl methacrylate is widely used in the production of signs, displays, and lighting fixtures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used as a bone cement in orthopedic surgery.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of lenses for eyeglasses and cameras.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of dentures, crowns, and other dental prostheses.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a matrix material in chromatography.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of acrylic nails and other nail products.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of automotive parts and components.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of coatings and paints for various applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a binding agent in the production of high-quality paper.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a protective coating for electronic devices and components.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a film-forming agent in the production of textiles.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of sanitary ware, such as shower trays and bathtubs.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of contact lenses.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of adhesives and sealants for various applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for art and craft applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of food packaging and containers.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for the construction of aquariums and terrariums.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of decorative and architectural glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a component in the production of detergents and cleaners.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for the production of prosthetic devices for amputees.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the manufacture of light diffusers for various applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of decorative and functional items, such as jewelry and buttons.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a component in the production of water treatment chemicals.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of coatings and finishes for wood and other materials.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for the production of high-quality trophies and awards.

Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used in the production of medical implants and devices.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a substitute for glass in aquariums and other applications where shatter-resistant materials are needed.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the automotive industry for exterior and interior parts due to its durability and optical clarity.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of signs and displays due to its excellent light transmission properties.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of lenses for glasses and cameras.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the construction industry as a material for skylights and roofing panels.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of LCD screens for electronic devices.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of dentures and other dental prosthetics.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of aircraft canopies and windows due to its high strength and light weight.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a binder for paints and coatings.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of toys and novelties.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of medical diagnostic equipment such as cuvettes and pipettes.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of light diffusers for LED lighting.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for decorative objects such as jewelry and sculptures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of contact lenses.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for bathtub and shower enclosures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of food display cases and sneeze guards.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for outdoor and indoor signage.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of solar panels.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for clear or translucent furniture.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of medical instruments and devices.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of protective covers for electronic devices.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of prosthetic limbs.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a material for decorative and functional items such as lamps and vases.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the production of synthetic marble and other decorative surfaces.



DESCRIPTION


Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a transparent thermoplastic polymer that is commonly known as acrylic, acrylic glass, or plexiglass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is made from the monomer methyl methacrylate (MMA).

PMMA has excellent optical clarity, weather resistance, and scratch resistance, which makes it a popular material for a wide range of applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often used as a lightweight, shatterproof alternative to glass, and is also used in various medical, automotive, and lighting applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a thermoplastic polymer.
Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly referred to as acrylic or acrylic glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate is transparent, rigid, and lightweight.
Polymethyl methacrylate is highly resistant to weathering and UV radiation.
Polymethyl methacrylate has good optical clarity and is often used as a glass substitute.

Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used in the production of signage and displays.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the construction industry as a glazing material.

Polymethyl methacrylate is an excellent electrical insulator.
Polymethyl methacrylate has good chemical resistance.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of lenses for eyeglasses and cameras.
Polymethyl methacrylate is easy to fabricate and can be machined or molded into various shapes.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of dental prosthetics.
Polymethyl methacrylate has a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of aquariums and other transparent structures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is highly resistant to impact and shattering.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used as a coating in various applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate has a high refractive index, which makes it ideal for optical applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of lighting fixtures and light guide panels.

Polymethyl methacrylate is highly weather-resistant and does not yellow over time.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of medical devices and implants.

Polymethyl methacrylate is resistant to abrasion and scratching.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used as a protective coating for artwork and other objects.
Polymethyl methacrylate has excellent dimensional stability.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used in the production of automotive components and aircraft windows.
Polymethyl methacrylate has good fire resistance properties.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: (C5O2H8)n
Molecular weight: 100-300 kg/mol
Density: 1.17 g/cm³
Melting point: 160-220 °C
Glass transition temperature: 105-115 °C
Refractive index: 1.49
Transparency: Transparent to translucent
Solubility: Insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents such as acetone, methanol, and chloroform
Hardness: 2.0-2.5 Mohs
Tensile strength: 72-100 MPa
Elastic modulus: 2.7-3.3 GPa
Flexural strength: 100-120 MPa
Coefficient of thermal expansion: 70-90 x 10^-6/K
Heat deflection temperature: 90-105 °C
Water absorption: <0.4%
Dielectric constant: 3.4
Dielectric strength: 18-25 kV/mm
Flammability: Combustible
Biocompatibility: Generally biocompatible, can be used in medical implants and devices
UV resistance: Can degrade over time when exposed to UV light
Chemical resistance: Resistant to most acids, bases, and alcohols, but can be attacked by some organic solvents and oils
Weatherability: Good resistance to weathering and aging
Processing methods: Can be processed by injection molding, extrusion, and casting
Applications: Used in various applications such as automotive, lighting, signage, medical devices, lenses, and building materials.



FIRST AID


If inhaled, move the person to fresh air and seek medical attention if breathing difficulties persist.

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
If irritation occurs, seek medical attention.

If the substance gets into the eyes, flush them with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

In case of ingestion, rinse the mouth and drink plenty of water.
Do not induce vomiting.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Note: These are general first aid measures and should not be considered as a substitute for professional medical advice.
In case of an emergency, always call your local emergency services.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Use personal protective equipment such as gloves, safety glasses, and protective clothing when handling.
Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.

Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid the build-up of vapors and dust.
Do not smoke, eat, or drink while handling.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from sources of heat and ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.

Store away from incompatible materials, such as oxidizing agents and strong acids.
Store in a secure area away from unauthorized access.
Follow all applicable regulations for storage and handling of hazardous materials.



SYNONYMS


PMMA
Acrylic Glass
Lucite
Perspex
Plexiglas
Acrylite
Altuglas
Oroglas
Sumipex
Crylux
Vitroflex
Crystallite
Acrylex
Acrylplast
Optix
Resartglas
Gavrieli
Polycast
Reynobond
Sylglas
Calsak
Acrycast
Evonik Degussa
Deglas
PMMA
Acrylic glass
Acrylite
Lucite
Plexiglass
Perspex
Oroglas
Altuglas
Lucite
Acrylite
Altuglas
Oroglas
Shinkolite
Plexiglas
Sumipex
Astariglas
Cyro Acrylite
Diakon
Elvacite
Perspex
R-Cast
Paraglas
Plazit
Mirel
Optix
Acrycast
Acryform
Acrylite Hi-Gloss
Acryrex
Sintex
TroGlas
XT polymer
Zylar
Acrylplast
Cyrolite
Optix
Shinkolite
Sumipex
Deglas
Chemcast
Clearcast
Polyacrylate
Eudragit
Delpet
Paraplex
Resartglass
Sustaplast
Methacrylate polymer
Methacrylate resin
Glass-like acrylic
Mipolam

Polymethyl Methacrylate, an ester of methacrylic acid (CH2=C[CH3]CO2H), belongs to the important acrylic family of resins.
In modern production Polymethyl Methacrylate is obtained principally from propylene, a compound refined from the lighter fractions of crude oil.
Polymethyl Methacrylate, or PMMA, is a transparent organic polymer that is used as an alternative to glass.


CAS Number: 9011-14-7
Chemical formula: (C5O2H8)n


Polymethyl Methacrylate is a polymer produced by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a good optical property which is very close to glass transparency with 93% light transmittance.
In addition to that Polymethyl Methacrylate has good resistance for atmospheric conditions with low water absorption, dimensional stability, mechanical strength and rigidity.


With all this specifications Polymethyl Methacrylate mostly used as a substitute of glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent material.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic or acrylic glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a rigid thermoplastic widely used as a shatterproof replacement for glass.


Polymethyl Methacrylate has many technical advantages over other transparent polymers (PC and PS) such as:
*High resistance to UV light and weathering
*Excellent light transmission
*Unlimited coloring options


Polymethyl Methacrylate or poly (methyl 2‐methylpropenoate) is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer available in pellet, small granules, and sheet forms.
They are then formed with all thermoplastic methods including injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion.


The highest quality Polymethyl Methacrylate sheets are produced by cell casting, but in this case, the polymerization and molding steps occur concurrently.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly called acrylic glass.
The strength of the material is higher than molding grades owing to its extremely high molecular mass.


Rubber toughening has been used to increase the toughness of Polymethyl Methacrylate owing to its brittle behavior in response to applied loads.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is 100% recyclable.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a rigid plastic that can find its application in a variety of industries.
This synthetic resin, Polymethyl Methacrylate, is formed by the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.


Polymethyl Methacrylate, an ester of methacrylic acid (CH2=C[CH3]CO2H), belongs to the important acrylic family of resins.
In modern production Polymethyl Methacrylate is obtained principally from propylene, a compound refined from the lighter fractions of crude oil.
Propylene and benzene are reacted together to form cumene, or isopropylbenzene; the cumene is oxidized to cumene hydroperoxide, which is treated with acid to form acetone; the acetone is in turn converted in a three-step process to methyl methacrylate (CH2=C[CH3]CO2CH3), a flammable liquid.


Methyl methacrylate, in bulk liquid form or suspended as fine droplets in water, is polymerized (its molecules linked together in large numbers) under the influence of free-radical initiators to form solid Polymethyl Methacrylate.
The presence of the pendant methyl (CH3) groups prevents the polymer chains from packing closely in a crystalline fashion and from rotating freely around the carbon-carbon bonds.


As a result, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a tough and rigid plastic.
In addition, Polymethyl Methacrylate has almost perfect transmission of visible light, and, because it retains these properties over years of exposure to ultraviolet radiation and weather, it is an ideal substitute for glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists Rowland Hill and John Crawford at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in England.


ICI registered the product under the trademark Perspex.
About the same time, chemist and industrialist Otto Röhm of Rohm and Haas AG in Germany attempted to produce safety glass by polymerizing methyl methacrylate between two layers of glass.
The polymer separated from the glass as a clear plastic sheet, which Röhm gave the trademarked name Plexiglas.


Both Perspex and Plexiglas were commercialized in the late 1930s. In the United States, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (now DuPont Company) subsequently introduced its own product under the trademark Lucite.
The first major application of the new plastic took place during World War II, when Polymethyl Methacrylate was made into aircraft windows and bubble canopies for gun turrets.


Civilian applications followed after the war.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate.
Being an engineering plastic, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent thermoplastic.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Alfaplas, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex, among several others.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often technically classified as a type of glass, in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substance—hence its occasional historic designation as acrylic glass.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is being transparent and durable, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a versatile material and has been used in a wide range of fields and applications such as rear-lights and instrument clusters for vehicles, appliances, and lenses for glasses.
Polymethyl Methacrylate in the form of sheets affords to shatter resistant panels for building windows, skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs & displays, sanitary ware (bathtubs), LCD screens, furniture and many other applications.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is also used for coating polymers based on MMA providing outstanding stability against environmental conditions with reduced emission of VOC.
Methacrylate polymers are used extensively in medical and dental applications where purity and stability are critical to performance.
Eyeglass lenses are commonly made from Polymethyl Methacrylate.
Historically, hard contact lenses were frequently made of Polymethyl Methacrylate.


Soft contact lenses are often made of a related polymer, where acrylate monomers containing one or more hydroxyl groups make them hydrophilic.
In orthopedic surgery, Polymethyl Methacrylate bone cement is used to affix implants and to remodel lost bone.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is supplied as a powder with liquid methyl methacrylate (MMA).
Although Polymethyl Methacrylate is biologically compatible.


Bone cement acts like a grout and not so much like a glue in arthroplasty.
Although sticky, Polymethyl Methacrylate does not bond to either the bone or the implant; rather, it primarily fills the spaces between the prosthesis and the bone preventing motion.


A disadvantage of this bone cement is that Polymethyl Methacrylate heats up to 82.5 °C (180.5 °F) while setting that may cause thermal necrosis of neighboring tissue.
A careful balance of initiators and monomers is needed to reduce the rate of polymerization, and thus the heat generated.
In cosmetic surgery, tiny Polymethyl Methacrylate microspheres suspended in some biological fluid are injected as a soft-tissue filler under the skin to reduce wrinkles or scars permanently.


Polymethyl Methacrylate as a soft-tissue filler was widely used in the beginning of the century to restore volume in patients with HIV-related facial wasting.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used illegally to shape muscles by some bodybuilders.
Plombage is an outdated treatment of tuberculosis where the pleural space around an infected lung was filled with Polymethyl Methacrylate balls, in order to compress and collapse the affected lung.


Emerging biotechnology and biomedical research use Polymethyl Methacrylate to create microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices, which require 100 micrometre-wide geometries for routing liquids.
These small geometries are amenable to using Polymethyl Methacrylate in a biochip fabrication process and offers moderate biocompatibility.


Bioprocess chromatography columns use cast acrylic tubes as an alternative to glass and stainless steel.
These are pressure rated and satisfy stringent requirements of materials for biocompatibility, toxicity, and extractables.
Polymethyl Methacrylate, in the commercial form Technovit 7200 is used vastly in the medical field.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for plastic histology, electron microscopy, as well as many more uses.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has been used to create ultra-white opaque membranes that are flexible and switch appearance to transparent when wet.
Acrylic is used in tanning beds as the transparent surface that separates the occupant from the tanning bulbs while tanning.


The type of acrylic used in tanning beds is most often formulated from a special type of polymethyl methacrylate, a compound that allows the passage of ultraviolet rays.
Sheets of Polymethyl Methacrylate are commonly used in the sign industry to make flat cut out letters in thicknesses typically varying from 3 to 25 millimeters (0.1 to 1.0 in).
These letters may be used alone to represent a company's name and/or logo, or they may be a component of illuminated channel letters.


Acrylic is also used extensively throughout the sign industry as a component of wall signs where it may be a backplate, painted on the surface or the backside, a faceplate with additional raised lettering or even photographic images printed directly to it, or a spacer to separate sign components.
Polymethyl Methacrylate was used in Laserdisc optical media.
(CDs and DVDs use both acrylic and polycarbonate for impact resistance).


Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a light guide for the backlights in TFT-LCDs.
Plastic optical fiber used for short-distance communication is made from Polymethyl Methacrylate, and perfluorinated PMMA, clad with fluorinated PMMA, in situations where its flexibility and cheaper installation costs outweigh its poor heat tolerance and higher attenuation versus glass fiber.


Polymethyl Methacrylate, in a purified form, is used as the matrix in laser dye-doped organic solid-state gain media for tunable solid state dye lasers.
In semiconductor research and industry, Polymethyl Methacrylate aids as a resist in the electron beam lithography process.
A solution consisting of the polymer in a solvent is used to spin coat silicon and other semiconducting and semi-insulating wafers with a thin film.
Patterns on this can be made by an electron beam (using an electron microscope), deep UV light (shorter wavelength than the standard photolithography process), or X-rays.


Exposure to these creates chain scission or (de-cross-linking) within the Polymethyl Methacrylate, allowing for the selective removal of exposed areas by a chemical developer, making it a positive photoresist.
Polymethyl Methacrylate's advantage is that it allows for extremely high resolution patterns to be made.


Smooth Polymethyl Methacrylate surface can be easily nanostructured by treatment in oxygen radio-frequency plasma and nanostructured PMMA surface can be easily smoothed by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.


Small strips of Polymethyl Methacrylate are used as dosimeter devices during the Gamma Irradiation process.
The optical properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate change as the gamma dose increases, and can be measured with a spectrophotometer.
A blacklight-reactive tattoo ink using Polymethyl Methacrylate microcapsules has been developed.


In the 1960s, luthier Dan Armstrong developed a line of electric guitars and basses whose bodies were made completely of acrylic.
These instruments were marketed under the Ampeg brand.
Ibanez and B.C. Rich have also made acrylic guitars.
Ludwig-Musser makes a line of acrylic drums called Vistalites, well known as being used by Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham.


Artificial nails in the "acrylic" type often include Polymethyl Methacrylate powder.
Some modern briar, and occasionally meerschaum, tobacco pipes sport stems made of Lucite.
Polymethyl Methacrylate technology is utilized in roofing and waterproofing applications.


By incorporating a polyester fleece sandwiched between two layers of catalyst-activated Polymethyl Methacrylate resin, a fully reinforced liquid membrane is created in situ.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a widely used material to create deal toys and financial tombstones.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used by the Sailor Pen Company of Kure, Japan, in their standard models of gold-nib fountain pens, specifically as the cap and body material.


Polymethyl Methacrylate Normal cosmetics are added in a small amount in the formula and used as a additive.
For example, powder contains pearl powder, cloud mother, oil wax and the like, plus our Polymethyl Methacrylate, and then suppress it to the finished product. Different products are different, most of which are 3-8%.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is used skin sense and has excellent spreadability.
Polymethyl Methacrylate powder's main use coatings and ink products are widely suitable for the production of cosmetics products such as high -end powder, eye shadow, blush, BB cream, sunscreen, shampoo.


A most successful application is in internally lighted signs for advertising and directions.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is also employed in domed skylights, swimming pool enclosures, aircraft canopies, instrument panels, and luminous ceilings.
For these applications the plastic is drawn into sheets that are machined or thermoformed, but Polymethyl Methacrylate is also injection-molded into automobile lenses and lighting-fixture covers.


Because Polymethyl Methacrylate displays the unusual property of keeping a beam of light reflected within its surfaces, it is frequently made into optical fibres for telecommunication or endoscopy.
Acrylic plastic or Polymethyl Methacrylate finds its application in a variety of industries due to its properties, easy processing and cost-effectiveness.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is processed by injection molding, compression molding, extrusion or casting.


The extensive Polymethyl Methacrylate uses are a result of its advantageous properties and adaptability.
This transparent plastic is used in a lot of markets.
Other products where Polymethyl Methacrylate finds its application include paint, furniture and optical fibres used for telecommunication.


Also referred to as plexiglass or acrylic glass, Polymethyl Methacrylate is used because it is easy to shape, tough and cost-effective.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has the ability to keep a light beam reflected within the surface and is also resistant to UV radiation.
Acrylic glass can be used in a variety of products, including car windows, aquariums, screens of digital devices etc.


Polymethyl Methacrylate particles absorb oil while not trapping moisture in the skin.
Thanks to this feature, it provides a perfect feeling and spread on the skin without skin dryness.
Polymethyl Methacrylate provides long-lasting effect without drying the skin, reduces stickiness.


Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in Powder groups such as hand & face cream, day cream, BB & CC creams, lotion, sun products, foundation, concealer powder, blush are among the areas of use.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin, in inks and coatings, and for many other purposes.


-Uses in dentistry:
Due to its aforementioned biocompatibility, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a commonly used material in modern dentistry, particularly in the fabrication of dental prosthetics, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances.


-Acrylic prosthetic construction:
Pre-polymerized, powdered Polymethyl Methacrylate spheres are mixed with a Methyl Methacrylate liquid monomer, Benzoyl Peroxide (initiator), and NN-Dimethyl-P-Toluidine (accelerator), and placed under heat and pressure to produce a hardened polymerized Polymethyl Methacrylate structure.
Through the use of injection molding techniques, wax based designs with artificial teeth set in predetermined positions built on gypsum stone models of patients' mouths can be converted into functional prosthetics used to replace missing dentition.
Polymethyl Methacrylate polymer and methyl methacrylate monomer mix are then injected into a flask containing a gypsum mold of the previously designed prosthesis, and placed under heat to initiate polymerization process.
Pressure is used during the curing process to minimize polymerization shrinkage, ensuring an accurate fit of the prosthesis.
Though other methods of polymerizing Polymethyl Methacrylate for prosthetic fabrication exist, such as chemical and microwave resin activation, the previously described heat-activated resin polymerization technique is the most commonly used due to its cost effectiveness and minimal polymerization shrinkage.


-Glass Substitute:
Acrylic glass is used as a shatterproof alternative for windows and skylights.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is also commonly used in aquariums and aircraft canopies.
A lot of hockey rinks also use Polymethyl Methacrylate.
Illuminated sign boards that display advertisements or directions are also usually made up of Polymethyl Methacrylate.


-Construction and Design:
Windows, doors, panels, canopies etc., all use polymethyl methacrylate due to its excellent properties such as heat insulation and light transmission.
Polymethyl Methacrylate may also be used in the construction of sinks, baths, knobs or tap tops.


-Automobile Industry:
One of the most important industries that require Polymethyl Methacrylate is the transportation and automobile industries.
From car windows to windshields, acrylic sheets can be found in a lot of spaces.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the manufacturing of various automotive parts.
The aviation and marine industry also require this polymer.
Car indicator covers and panels are also made using plexiglass.


-Healthcare Industry:
Polymethyl Methacrylate polymer is also known as bone cement in the healthcare industry.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used by orthopaedic surgeons for procedures like joint replacement or treating bone damages.
Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used to fill in the gaps between bones.
Optical fibres used for endoscopy also consist of Polymethyl Methacrylate.


-Cosmetic Usage:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has also found its usage in various beauty products and injectables.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in cosmetic procedures that treat ace, facial lines, wrinkles etc.


-Lamps and Lighting:
The light-emitting potential, transparency and other such properties allow Polymethyl Methacrylate to be used in LED lights and lamps.
You can find Polymethyl Methacrylate being used in street and traffic lights.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is manufactured in various colour options, which adds to its usability in lamps and other lighting devices.


-Electronic Devices:
Acrylic glass can be used in the display of various electronic equipment, including tv screens, laptops and smartphones.
This is due to its properties, such as transmittance and high optical clarity.


-Solar Devices:
The application of polymethyl methacrylate Polymethyl Methacrylate in solar panels is a result of its UV stability and light transmission ability.
Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used in the construction of greenhouses, aquariums and marine centres.


-Artificial teeth:
While denture teeth can be made of several different materials, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a material of choice for the manufacturing of artificial teeth used in dental prosthetics.
Mechanical properties of the material allow for heightened control of aesthetics, easy surface adjustments, decreased risk of fracture when in function in the oral cavity, and minimal wear against opposing teeth.
Additionally, since the bases of dental prosthetics are often constructed using Polymethyl Methacrylate, adherence of PMMA denture teeth to PMMA denture bases is unparalleled, leading to the construction of a strong and durable prosthetic.


-Artistic and aesthetic uses:
Acrylic paint essentially consists of Polymethyl Methacrylate suspended in water; however since PMMA is hydrophobic, a substance with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups needs to be added to facilitate the suspension.
Modern furniture makers, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, seeking to give their products a space age aesthetic, incorporated Lucite and other Polymethyl Methacrylate products into their designs, especially office chairs.

Many other products (for example, guitars) are sometimes made with acrylic glass to make the commonly opaque objects translucent.
Perspex has been used as a surface to paint on, for example by Salvador Dalí.
Diasec is a process which uses acrylic glass as a substitute for normal glass in picture frames.

This is done for its relatively low cost, light weight, shatter-resistance, aesthetics and because Polymethyl Methacrylate can be ordered in larger sizes than standard picture framing glass.
As early as 1939, Los Angeles-based Dutch sculptor Jan De Swart experimented with samples of Lucite sent to him by DuPont; De Swart created tools to work the Lucite for sculpture and mixed chemicals to bring about certain effects of color and refraction.

From approximately the 1960s onward, sculptors and glass artists such as Jan Kubíček, Leroy Lamis, and Frederick Hart began using acrylics, especially taking advantage of the material's flexibility, light weight, cost and its capacity to refract and filter light.
In the 1950s and 1960s, Lucite was an extremely popular material for jewelry, with several companies specialized in creating high-quality pieces from this material.
Lucite beads and ornaments are still sold by jewelry suppliers.
Acrylic Sheets are produced in dozens of standard colors, most commonly sold using color numbers developed by Rohm & Haas in the 1950s.


-Application areas of Polymethyl Methacrylate:
*Airplane windows
*Spectacle glass
*Contact lens
*Object lens
*Signal lamp
*Lamp shade
*Glass applications
*Bath-tub


-Medical technologies and implants:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a good degree of compatibility with human tissue, and it is used in the manufacture of rigid intraocular lenses which are implanted in the eye when the original lens has been removed in the treatment of cataracts.

This compatibility was discovered by the English ophthalmologist Harold Ridley in WWII RAF pilots, whose eyes had been riddled with Polymethyl Methacrylate splinters coming from the side windows of their Supermarine Spitfire fighters – the plastic scarcely caused any rejection, compared to glass splinters coming from aircraft such as the Hawker Hurricane.

Ridley had a lens manufactured by the Rayner company (Brighton & Hove, East Sussex) made from Perspex polymerised by ICI.
On 29 November 1949 at St Thomas' Hospital, London, Ridley implanted the first intraocular lens at St Thomas's Hospital in London.
In particular, acrylic-type lenses are useful for cataract surgery in patients that have recurrent ocular inflammation (uveitis), as acrylic material induces less inflammation.



SOME OF THE ADVANTAGES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE INCLUDE:
*Economical
*Resistance to weathering
*Various colouring options
*Tensile strength
*Easy to process and handle
*Versatility
*Biocompatibility
*UV Stability
*Durability
*Transmittance and better optical clarity
*Recyclable
*Polishability
*BPA-free, non-toxic



ADVANTAGES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
*Wide range of thermal/mechanical properties
*Impact strength
*Transparency
*Optical specifications
*Good gloss
*Availablity for food sector
*Dimensional stability
*Bright colors
*Low water absorbtion
*Resistant to atmospherical conditions
*Rigidity



POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE STRUCTURE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is formed by the free radical polymerization of monomer methyl methacrylate.
The polymethyl methacrylate structure is a vinyl polymer which is an ester of methacrylic acid (CH2=C[CH3]CO2H).
The pendant CH3 groups hinder the crystalline packing of the polymer chains.
Since they are not allowed to rotate freely around the C-C bond, the resulting structure is quite rigid.



ADVANTAGES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has several advantages over other polymers like polycarbonate (PC) and polystyrene etc.
doesn’t scratch easily or yellow over time.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as an alternative to other transparent polymers in situations where extreme strength is not required.



PROPERTIES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a strong, tough, and lightweight material. It has a density of 1.17–1.20 g/cm3, which is less than half that of glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate also has good impact strength, higher than both glass and polystyrene; however, Polymethyl Methacrylate's impact strength is still significantly lower than polycarbonate and some engineered polymers.
Polymethyl Methacrylate ignites at 460 °C (860 °F) and burns, forming carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, and low-molecular-weight compounds, including formaldehyde.

Polymethyl Methacrylate transmits up to 92% of visible light (3 mm thickness), and gives a reflection of about 4% from each of its surfaces due to its refractive index (1.4905 at 589.3 nm).
Polymethyl Methacrylate filters ultraviolet (UV) light at wavelengths below about 300 nm (similar to ordinary window glass).

Some manufacturers add coatings or additives to Polymethyl Methacrylate to improve absorption in the 300–400 nm range.
Polymethyl Methacrylate passes infrared light of up to 2,800 nm and blocks IR of longer wavelengths up to 25,000 nm.
Colored Polymethyl Methacrylate varieties allow specific IR wavelengths to pass while blocking visible light (for remote control or heat sensor applications, for example).

Polymethyl Methacrylate swells and dissolves in many organic solvents; it also has poor resistance to many other chemicals due to its easily hydrolyzed ester groups.
Nevertheless, its environmental stability is superior to most other plastics such as polystyrene and polyethylene, and therefore Polymethyl Methacrylate is often the material of choice for outdoor applications.

Polymethyl Methacrylate has a maximum water absorption ratio of 0.3–0.4% by weight.
Tensile strength decreases with increased water absorption.
Polymethyl Methacrylate's coefficient of thermal expansion is relatively high at (5–10)×10−5 °C−1.



PRODUCTION OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is produced from propylene which is derived from the refining of crude oil.
The process of formation of methyl methacrylate polymer involves the following steps:
*Propylene reacts with benzene to form isopropylbenzene or cumene.
*Cumene gets oxidized to form cumene hydroperoxide.
*This reacts with an acid to form acetone.
*Acetone forms methyl methacrylate (CH2=C[CH3]CO2CH3) in liquid form.
The polymerization of this compound in the presence of free-radical initiators forms Polymethyl Methacrylate in solid form.



APPLICATION METHOD OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Cosmetics application:
*Oil and water decentralized powder foundation: two types: oil decentralized and water -decentralized type
* Emulsion foundation: O/W and W/O type paste or emulsion
*Solid foundation products dominated by powder: powder products (such as fragrant powder), block products (dry and wet powder), lipstick, etc.
Polymethyl Methacrylate, a synthetic resin produced from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
A transparent and rigid plastic, Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used as a substitute for glass in products such as shatterproof windows, skylights, illuminated signs, and aircraft canopies.



IS POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE RECYCLABLE?
Acrylic is 100% recyclable Polymethyl methacrylate is highly biocompatible, 100% recyclable, and non-biodegradable material. Polymethyl Methacrylate is considered as a group 7 plastic.
There are several ways to recycle Polymethyl Methacrylate.

Often these recycling processes involve:
Pyrolysis in which the Polymethyl Methacrylate is extremely heated in the absence of oxygen.
Depolymerization of Polymethyl Methacrylate using molten lead to obtain the monomer MMA in a purity >98%.
However, the second process is not environmentally viable due to the use of lead.
Polymethyl Methacrylate also produces harmful byproducts.

Recycled Acrylic can be formed into sheets.
They are used in:
*the construction of windows and doors,
*the medical sector,
*the advertising industry, and more.



POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE VS. PC - WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE?
Acrylic, Polycarbonate, and glass are all transparent materials.
PC and Polymethyl Methacrylate are suitable, shatter-resistance alternatives to glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used as a lightweight alternative to glass.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a reasonable substitute for polycarbonate (PC) due to its cost-effectiveness and when extreme strength is not essential.
Also, Polymethyl Methacrylate is less likely to scratch and does not yellow over a period of time.

The other benefits which Polymethyl Methacrylate offers over PC include:
*very high transmissivity and better optical clarity
*can also be restored by polishing

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a great choice for optical devices because it is less damaging to tissues when it is fractured.
Although, by making Polymethyl Methacrylate/PC blends, the excellent optical clarity and surface hardness of Polymethyl Methacrylate can be combined with the superior toughness and very high glass transition temperature of PC.



PRODUCTION OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is produced with polymerization by using organic peroxides with methyl methacrylate.
Three different production processes are used:
· Suspension polymerization (with organic peroxides),
· Bulk polymerization (with organic peroxides)
· Emulsion polymerization.
For polymerization, organic peroxides are used such as Peroxides carbonates, Peroxyesters or Perketalls as a single initiator or in combination.



MODIFICATION OF PROPERTIES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Pure Polymethyl Methacrylate homopolymer is rarely sold as an end product, since it is not optimized for most applications.
Rather, modified formulations with varying amounts of other comonomers, additives, and fillers are created for uses where specific properties are required. For example,

A small amount of acrylate comonomers are routinely used in Polymethyl Methacrylate grades destined for heat processing, since this stabilizes the polymer to depolymerization ("unzipping") during processing.
Comonomers such as butyl acrylate are often added to improve impact strength.
Comonomers such as methacrylic acid can be added to increase the glass transition temperature of the polymer for higher temperature use such as in lighting applications.

Plasticizers may be added to improve processing properties, lower the glass transition temperature, improve impact properties, and improve mechanical properties such as elastic modulus.
Dyes may be added to give color for decorative applications, or to protect against (or filter) UV light.
Fillers may be added to improve cost-effectiveness.

The polymer of methyl acrylate, PMA or poly(methyl acrylate), is similar to poly(methyl methacrylate), except for the lack of methyl groups on the backbone carbon chain.
PMA is a soft white rubbery material that is softer than Polymethyl Methacrylate because its long polymer chains are thinner and smoother and can more easily slide past each other.



DAYLIGHT REDIRECTION:
Laser cut acrylic panels have been used to redirect sunlight into a light pipe or tubular skylight and, from there, to spread it into a room.
Their developers Veronica Garcia Hansen, Ken Yeang, and Ian Edmonds were awarded the Far East Economic Review Innovation Award in bronze for this technology in 2003.
Attenuation being quite strong for distances over one meter (more than 90% intensity loss for a 3000 K source), acrylic broadband light guides are then dedicated mostly to decorative uses.

Pairs of acrylic sheets with a layer of microreplicated prisms between the sheets can have reflective and refractive properties that let them redirect part of incoming sunlight in dependence on its angle of incidence.
Such panels act as miniature light shelves.

Such panels have been commercialized for purposes of daylighting, to be used as a window or a canopy such that sunlight descending from the sky is directed to the ceiling or into the room rather than to the floor.
This can lead to a higher illumination of the back part of a room, in particular when combined with a white ceiling, while having a slight impact on the view to the outside compared to normal glazing.



HISTORY OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate was developed in 1928 in several different laboratories by many chemists, such as William R. Conn, Otto Röhm, and Walter Bauer, and first brought to market in 1933 by German Röhm & Haas AG (as of January 2019, part of Evonik Industries) and its partner and former U.S. affiliate Rohm and Haas Company under the trademark Plexiglas.

The first acrylic acid was created in 1843.
Methacrylic acid, derived from acrylic acid, was formulated in 1865. The reaction between methacrylic acid and methanol results in the ester methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists Rowland Hill and John Crawford at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in the United Kingdom.
ICI registered the product under the trademark Perspex.

About the same time, chemist and industrialist Otto Röhm of Röhm and Haas AG in Germany attempted to produce safety glass by polymerizing methyl methacrylate between two layers of glass.
The polymer separated from the glass as a clear plastic sheet, which Röhm gave the trademarked name Plexiglas in 1933.

Both Perspex and Plexiglas were commercialized in the late 1930s.
In the United States, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (now DuPont Company) subsequently introduced its own product under the trademark Lucite.
In 1936 ICI Acrylics (now Lucite International) began the first commercially viable production of acrylic safety glass.

During World War II both Allied and Axis forces used acrylic glass for submarine periscopes and aircraft windscreen, canopies, and gun turrets.
Aeroplane pilots whose eyes were damaged by flying shards of PMMA fared much better than those injured by standard glass, demonstrating better compatibility between human tissue and PMMA than glass.
Civilian applications followed after the war.



WHAT ARE THE PROCESSING CONDITIONS OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE?
Polymethyl Methacrylate is suitable for processing by injection molding, extrusion, extrusion blow molding (impact modified acrylics only), thermoforming and casting.
Pre-drying is not necessary if a vented cylinder is used.
But if a normal cylinder is used then Polymethyl Methacrylate must be processed dry.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is advisable to pre-dry the granules at 70-100°C for up to 8 hours.
Surface defects and blisters will form if damp granules are processed.

*Injection Molding
Melt temperature: 200-250°C
Mold temperature: 40-80°C
High injection pressures are needed because of poor flow properties. Polymethyl Methacrylate may be necessary to inject slowly to get the correct flow.
Internal stresses can be eliminated by heating at 80°C

*Extrusion
Extrusion temperature: 180-250°C
A degassing screw with an L/D ratio of 20-30 is recommended
Polymethyl Methacrylate can be welded by all the plastics welding processes such as hot‐blade, hot‐gas, ultrasonic or spin welding.

Due to its transparency and stiffness, Polymethyl Methacrylate is also used as 3D Printing material.
But Polymethyl Methacrylate requires a slightly high temperature and is a bit more prone to wrap as compared to PLA.
Polymethyl Methacrylate filaments are available in a wide array of colors.



HOW TO ENHANCE POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE PROPERTIES?
Pure Polymethyl Methacrylate sometimes does not exhibit property standards.
In order to meet the demand from specific applications, additives are added.
They further enhance the properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate.

These include impact resistance, chemical resistance, flame retardancy, light diffusion, UV light filtering, or optical effects.
Co-monomer methyl acrylate enhances thermal stability by decreasing the tendency to depolymerize during heat processing
Plasticizers are added to modify glass transition, impact strength
Fillers can be added to modify final material properties or improve cost-effectiveness
Dyes can be added during the polymerization used for UV light protection or impart certain color



BIODEGRADATION OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
The Futuro house was made of fibreglass-reinforced polyester plastic, polyester-polyurethane, and poly(methylmethacrylate); one of them was found to be degrading by cyanobacteria and Archaea.



ADVANTAGES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
1. With good oil absorption performance
2. The particle size range is wide
3. Dilute the contrast of the facial light and dark, and achieve concealer effects
4. Gives good smoothness and smooth feel
5. Polymethyl Methacrylate has good decentralization and stability in liquids containing organic solvents
6. The transparent characteristics can make some light through, reduce the paleness of the face, and achieve good makeup effects



HOW IS POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE MADE?
The monomer used to produce Polymethyl Methacrylate is methyl methacrylate.
Free-radical polymerization of Polymethyl Methacrylate occurs when it is in sheet form.
This transparent material, Polymethyl Methacrylate, can also be produced using suspension polymerization.



WHAT ARE THE FEATURES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE?
Polymethyl Methacrylate polymer exhibits glass-like qualities.
These include clarity, brilliance, transparency, and translucence – at half the weight with up to 10 times the impact resistance.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is more robust and has less risk of damage.



NAMES OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Common orthographic stylings include polymethyl methacrylate and polymethylmethacrylate.
The full IUPAC chemical name of Polymethyl Methacrylate is poly(methyl 2-methylpropenoate).
(It is a common mistake to use "an" instead of "en".)
Although Polymethyl Methacrylate is often called simply "acrylic", acrylic can also refer to other polymers or copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an economical alternative to polycarbonate (PC) when tensile strength, flexural strength, transparency, polishability, and UV tolerance are more important than impact strength, chemical resistance, and heat resistance.
Additionally, Polymethyl Methacrylate does not contain the potentially harmful bisphenol-A subunits found in polycarbonate and is a far better choice for laser cutting.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is often preferred because of its moderate properties, easy handling and processing, and low cost.
Non-modified Polymethyl Methacrylate behaves in a brittle manner when under load, especially under an impact force, and is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glass, but modified Polymethyl Methacrylate is sometimes able to achieve high scratch and impact resistance.



SYNTHESIS OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is routinely produced by emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, and bulk polymerization.
Generally, radical initiation is used (including living polymerization methods), but anionic polymerization of Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be performed.



PROCESSING OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
The glass transition temperature (Tg) of atactic Polymethyl Methacrylate is 105 °C (221 °F).
The Tg values of commercial grades of Polymethyl Methacrylate range from 85 to 165 °C (185 to 329 °F); the range is so wide because of the vast number of commercial compositions that are copolymers with co-monomers other than methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is thus an organic glass at room temperature; i.e., it is below its Tg.

The forming temperature starts at the glass transition temperature and goes up from there.
All common molding processes may be used, including injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion.
The highest quality Polymethyl Methacrylate sheets are produced by cell casting, but in this case, the polymerization and molding steps occur concurrently.
The strength of the material is higher than molding grades owing to its extremely high molecular mass.
Rubber toughening has been used to increase the toughness of Polymethyl Methacrylate to overcome its brittle behavior in response to applied loads.



HANDLING, CUTTING, AND JOINING OF POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate can be joined using cyanoacrylate cement (commonly known as superglue), with heat (welding), or by using chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane (chloroform) to dissolve the plastic at the joint, which then fuses and sets, forming an almost invisible weld.
Scratches may easily be removed by polishing or by heating the surface of the material.

Laser cutting may be used to form intricate designs from Polymethyl Methacrylate sheets.
Polymethyl Methacrylate vaporizes to gaseous compounds (including its monomers) upon laser cutting, so a very clean cut is made, and cutting is performed very easily.
However, the pulsed lasercutting introduces high internal stresses, which on exposure to solvents produce undesirable "stress-crazing" at the cut edge and several millimetres deep.

Even ammonium-based glass-cleaner and almost everything short of soap-and-water produces similar undesirable crazing, sometimes over the entire surface of the cut parts, at great distances from the stressed edge.
Annealing the Polymethyl Methacrylate sheet/parts is therefore an obligatory post-processing step when intending to chemically bond lasercut parts together.

In the majority of applications, Polymethyl Methacrylate will not shatter.
Rather, Polymethyl Methacrylate breaks into large dull pieces.
Since Polymethyl Methacrylate is softer and more easily scratched than glass, scratch-resistant coatings are often added to Polymethyl Methacrylate sheets to protect it (as well as possible other functions).

Acrylate resin casting:
Polymethyl Methacrylate "synthetic resin" for casting (simply the bulk liquid chemical) may be used in conjunction with a polymerization catalyst such as methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP), to produce hardened transparent Polymethyl Methacrylate in any shape, from a mold.



TRANSPARENT GLASS SUBSTITUTE:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums.
Designers started building large aquariums when poly(methyl methacrylate) could be used.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is less often used in other building types due to incidents such as the Summerland disaster.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles, such as the Alicia submarine's viewing sphere and the window of the bathyscaphe Trieste.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles.
Spectator protection in ice hockey rinks is made from Polymethyl Methacrylate.

Historically, Polymethyl Methacrylate was an important improvement in the design of aircraft windows, making possible such designs as the bombardier's transparent nose compartment in the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
Modern aircraft transparencies often use stretched acrylic plies.
Police vehicles for riot control often have the regular glass replaced with Polymethyl Methacrylate to protect the occupants from thrown objects.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an important material in the making of certain lighthouse lenses.
Polymethyl Methacrylate was used for the roofing of the compound in the Olympic Park for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.
enabled a light and translucent construction of the structure.[37]
PMMA (under the brand name "Lucite") was used for the ceiling of the Houston Astrodome.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
Chemical formula: (C5O2H8)n
Molar mass: Varies
Density: 1.18 g/cm3[1]
Melting point: 160 °C (320 °F; 433 K)[4]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −9.06×10−6 (SI, 22 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4905 at 589.3 nm
Appearance Form: solid
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available

Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 1,17 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: insoluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: 304 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Environmental precautions:
No special precautionary measures necessary.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.
-Further information: none



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special precautionary measures necessary.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Polymethyl Methacrylate is the synthetic polymer
Polymethyl Methacrylate is derived from methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent thermoplastic.


CAS NUMBER: 9011-14-7

EC NUMBER: 201-297-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH2C(CH3)COOCH3

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 100.12

IUPAC NAME: methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate


Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.

Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in inks and coatings

Polymethyl Methacrylate can used for many other purposes.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is often technically classified as a type of glass, in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substance

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an economical alternative to polycarbonate (PC)
Polymethyl Methacrylate has tensile strength, flexural strength, transparency and polishability

Polymethyl Methacrylate provides UV tolerance
Additionally, Polymethyl Methacrylate does not contain the potentially harmful bisphenol-A subunits found in polycarbonate

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a far better choice for laser cutting
Polymethyl Methacrylate has moderate properties

Polymethyl Methacrylate is easy handling and processing properties
Polymethyl Methacrylate is low cost.

Non-modified Polymethyl Methacrylate behaves in a brittle manner when under load, especially under an impact force
Polymethyl Methacrylate is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glassimpact resistance.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is routinely produced by emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization, and bulk polymerization.
Generally, radical initiation is used (including living polymerization methods), but anionic polymerization of Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be performed

PROPERTIES:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a strong, tough, and lightweight material.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a density of 1.17–1.20 g/cm3, which is less than half that of glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate also has good impact strength, higher than both glass and polystyrene

However, Polymethyl Methacrylate's impact strength is still significantly lower than polycarbonate and some engineered polymers.
Polymethyl Methacrylate ignites at 460 °C (860 °F) and burns, forming carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, and low-molecular-weight compounds, including formaldehyde.
Polymethyl Methacrylate filters ultraviolet (UV) light at wavelengths below about 300 nm (similar to ordinary window glass).

Colored Polymethyl Methacrylate varieties allow specific IR wavelengths to pass while blocking visible light (for remote control or heat sensor applications, for example).
Polymethyl Methacrylate swells and dissolves in many organic solvents

Polymethyl Methacrylate also has poor resistance to many other chemicals due to its easily hydrolyzed ester groups.
Nevertheless, its environmental stability is superior to most other plastics such as polystyrene and polyethylene, and therefore it is often the material of choice for outdoor applications

Polymethyl Methacrylate has a maximum water absorption ratio of 0.3–0.4% by weight.
Tensile strength decreases with increased water absorption.
Polymethyl Methacrylate's coefficient of thermal expansion is relatively high at (5–10)×10−5 °C−1

USES:
Being transparent and durable, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a versatile material and has been used in a wide range of fields and applications such as rear-lights and instrument clusters for vehicles, appliances, and lenses for glasses.
Polymethyl Methacrylate in the form of sheets affords to shatter resistant panels for building windows, skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs & displays, sanitary ware (bathtubs), LCD screens, furniture and many other applications.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is also used for coating polymers based on MMA provides outstanding stability against environmental conditions with reduced emission of VOC.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used extensively in medical and dental applications where purity and stability are critical to performance

*Transparent Glass Substitute:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles
Spectator protection in ice hockey rinks is made from Polymethyl Methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is an important material in the making of certain lighthouse lenses.

*Medical Technologies and Implants:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a good degree of compatibility with human tissue
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the manufacture of rigid intraocular lenses which are implanted in the eye when the original lens has been removed in the treatment of cataracts.
Eyeglass lenses are commonly made from Polymethyl Methacrylate.
In orthopedic surgery, Polymethyl Methacrylate bone cement is used to affix implants and to remodel lost bone.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is supplied as a powder with liquid methyl methacrylate (MMA).
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used to shape muscles by some bodybuilders.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in dentistry
Due to its aforementioned biocompatibility, Polymethyl Methacrylate is a commonly used material in modern dentistry, particularly in the fabrication of dental prosthetics, artificial teeth, and orthodontic appliances.

OTHER USES:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a light guide for the backlights in TFT-LCDs.
Plastic optical fiber used for short-distance communication is made from Polymethyl Methacrylate, and perfluorinated PMMA, clad with fluorinated PMMA, in situations where its flexibility and cheaper installation costs outweigh its poor heat tolerance and higher attenuation versus glass fiber.

Polymethyl Methacrylate, in a purified form, is used as the matrix in laser dye-doped organic solid-state gain media for tunable solid state dye lasers.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.

Polymethyl Methacrylate technology is utilized in roofing and waterproofing applications.
By incorporating a polyester fleece sandwiched between two layers of catalyst-activated Polymethyl Methacrylate resin, a fully reinforced liquid membrane is created in situ.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a widely used material to create deal toys
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a cap and body material.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a synthetic resin produced from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent and rigid plastic

Polymethyl Methacrylate is often used as a substitute for glass in products such as shatterproof windows, skylights, illuminated signs, and aircraft canopies.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is an ester of methacrylic acid

Polymethyl Methacrylate's molecular formula is CH2=C[CH3]CO2H
Polymethyl Methacrylate belongs to the important acrylic family of resins.
In modern production Polymethyl Methacrylate is obtained principally from propylene, a compound refined from the lighter fractions of crude oil.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is more popularly known as acrylic.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent and rigid thermoplastic.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate shows high resistance to UV light and weathering.

Due to its transparency, Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in car windows, smartphone screens to aquariums.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a tough plastic, easy to shape, and a great alternative to the high-cost and less resilient glass.

Polymethyl Methacrylate or poly (methyl 2‐methylpropenoate) is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent material.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic or acrylic glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a rigid thermoplastic widely used as a shatterproof replacement for glass.

Polymethyl Methacrylate has many technical advantages over other transparent polymers (PC and PS) such as:
*High resistance to UV light and weathering
*Excellent light transmission
*Unlimited coloring options

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer available in pellet, small granules, and sheet forms.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly called acrylic glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is 100% recyclable.

What are the features of Polymethyl Methacrylate?
*Transmittance:
Polymethyl Methacrylate polymer exhibits glass-like qualities.
These include clarity, brilliance, transparency, and translucence – at half the weight with up to 10 times the impact resistance.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is more robust and has less risk of damage.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a Refractive Index of 1.49.
Hence Polymethyl Methacrylate offers high light transmittance.
Polymethyl Methacrylate grades allow 92% of light to pass through it, which is more than glass or other plastics.
As compared to polystyrene and polyethylene, Polymethyl Methacrylate is recommended for most outdoor applications thanks to its environmental stability.

*Surface Hardness:
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a tough and durable
Polymethyl Methacrylate is lightweight thermoplastic.
The density of acrylic ranges between 1.17-1.20 g/cm3 which is half less than that of glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has excellent scratch resistance when compared to other transparent polymers like Polycarbonate
Polymethyl Methacrylate exhibits low moisture and water-absorbing capacity, due to which products made have good dimensional stability.

*UV Stability:
Polymethyl Methacrylate has high resistance to UV light and weathering.
Most commercial acrylic polymers are UV stabilized for good resistance to prolonged exposure to sunlight as their mechanical and optical properties fairly vary under these conditions
Hence, Polymethyl Methacrylate is suitable for outdoor applications intended for long-term open-air exposure.


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 100.12

-XLogP3: 1.4

-Exact Mass: 100.052429494

-Monoisotopic Mass: 100.052429494

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų

-Physical Description: Colorless liquid with an acrid, fruity odor

-Color: Colorless

-Form: Volatile liquid

-Odor: Acrid, fruity odor

-Boiling Point: 100.5 °C

-Melting Point: -47.55 °C

-Flash Point: 50 °F

-Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in ether and acetone

-Density: 0.9337 g/cu cm

-Vapor Density: 3.45

-Vapor Pressure: 421 °C

-Surface Tension: 0.028 N/m

-Refractive Index: 1.4142


Polymethyl Methacrylate is a methyl ester of methacrylic acid.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a reactive resin, and the polymerized form is used as cement in dentistry, orthopaedic surgery and ophthalmology.

Polymethyl Methacrylate has relaxation effect on smooth muscle systemically, which might be a result of nitric oxide-mediated response.
Polymethyl Methacrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is slightly soluble in water and floats on water
Polymethyl Methacrylate's vapors heavier than air.


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2

-Rotatable Bond Count: 2

-Heavy Atom Count: 7

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 94.3

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

-Chemical Classes: Plastics & Rubber -> (Meth)acrylates


Polymethyl Methacrylate may polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated with strong acid or base.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used to make plastics.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an enoate ester having methacrylic acid as the carboxylic acid component and methanol as the alcohol component.
Polymethyl Methacrylate has a role as an allergen and a polymerisation monomer.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is an enoate ester and a methyl ester.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is functionally related to a methacrylic acid.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the following products:
-polymers
-inks and toners
-paper chemicals
-dyes
-coating products
-non-metal-surface treatment products
-washing & cleaning products

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in building & construction work and printing and recorded media reproduction.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for the manufacture of plastic products.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in polymers.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for the manufacture of chemicals and plastic products.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names
Polymethyl Methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in inks and coatings
Polymethyl Methacrylate can used for many other purposes.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles

Polymethyl Methacrylate is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a widely used material to create deal toys
Polymethyl Methacrylate is used as a cap and body material.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a synthetic resin produced from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a transparent and rigid plastic

Polymethyl Methacrylate is also known as acrylic or acrylic glass.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer available in pellet, small granules, and sheet forms.

Polymethyl Methacrylate is a methyl ester of methacrylic acid.
Polymethyl Methacrylate is slightly soluble in water and floats on water


SYNONYMS:

Polymethyl Methacrylate
PMMA
METHYL METHACRYLATE
80-62-6
methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
Methylmethacrylate
Methyl methylacrylate
Methyl 2-methylpropenoate
Methacrylic acid methyl ester
Pegalan
Methyl-methacrylat
Methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Diakon
Acryester M
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
Methacrylate de methyle
Methyl 2-methylacrylate
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester
2-(Methoxycarbonyl)-1-propene
Metakrylan metylu
Methylmethacrylaat
Metil metacrilato
Methyl alpha-methylacrylate
Methyl methacrylate monomer
2-Methylacrylic acid, methyl ester
Methacrylic acid, methyl ester
Acrylic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
2-Methyl-acrylic acid methyl ester
9011-14-7
Monocite methacrylate monomer
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove
2-methylacrylic acid methyl ester
Methyl .alpha.-methylacrylate
Cranioplast
Metaplex
Kallocryl A
Methyl methacrylate monomer, inhibited
143476-91-9
Methyl ester of 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid
196OC77688
114512-63-9
Methylmethacrylaat
Metakrylan metylu
Methyl-methacrylat
Metil metacrilato
9065-11-6
Methacrylate de methyle
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester
EINECS 201-297-1
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove
AI3-24946
methoxymethacrolein
Acrylic resins (PMMA)
METHYL METHACTRYLATE
Methyl 2-methylacrylate
Methyl methacrylate (MMA)
EC 201-297-1
Methyl-.alpha.-methacrylate
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
Methacrylic acid-methyl ester
Methyl methacrylate, 99%
CAS-80-62-6
Methacrylic Acid Methyl Ester
METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER
METHYL 2-METHYL-2-PROPENOATE
EN300-19210
C19504
A839957
Q382897
J-522614
F0001-2087
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate
Methyl methacrylate monomer
PROPENOIC ACID,2-METHYL,METHYLESTER (METHACRYLATE METHYLESTER)
97555-82-3

Polymethyl methacrylate, having the IUPAC name of poly [1-(methoxy carbonyl)- 1-methyl ethylene] from the hydrocarbon standpoint, and poly (methyl 2-methylpropenoate) from the ester standpoint, is a synthetic polymer from the methyl methacrylate monomer as illustrated.
Polymethyl methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists, Rowland Hill and John Crawford, followed by its first application by a German chemist, Otto Rohm, in 1934.
Polymethyl methacrylate is an optically clear (transparent) thermoplastic, and it is widely used as a substitute for inorganic glass, because it shows high impact strength, is lightweight, shatter-resistant, and exhibits favorable processing conditions.

CAS Number: 9011-14-7
Molecular Formula: C15H24O6X2
Molecular Weight: 300.35
EINECS Number: 618-466-4

Polymethyl methacrylate is an amorphous transparent thermoplastic polymer.
Polymethyl methacrylate is recognized as an optical polymer based on its refractive index of 1.49.
Hence, Polymethyl methacrylate is used in optical fibers.

Polymethyl methacrylate finds uses in biological applications because of its low water absorption capability and biocompatible.
The maximum moisture content of PMMA is 1.71% and SBF absorption is 1.96%.
Simulated Body fluid test (SBF) is a method to characterize the in vitro bioactivity of ceramic materials, by immersing the materials in an aqueous SBF solution.

Polymethyl methacrylate is the synthetic polymer derived from methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as an engineering plastic, and it is a transparent thermoplastic.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, as well as by the trade names and brands Crylux, Hesalite, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Lucite, and Perspex, among several others (see below).

This plastic is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin, in inks and coatings, and for many other purposes.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often technically classified as a type of glass, in that it is a non-crystalline vitreous substance—hence its occasional historic designation as acrylic glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate Outstanding properties include weather resistance and scratch resistance.
The presence of the adjacent methyl group (CH3) in the polymer structure prevents it from packing closely in a crystalline fashion, and from rotating freely around the C-C bonds.
This is why Polymethyl methacrylate was found to be an amorphous thermoplastic.

The first major application of the polymer took place during World War II, when Polymethyl methacrylate was used as aircraft windows and bubble canopies for gun turrets.
Polymethyl methacrylate is one of the versatile transparent plastics which offers good mechanical and optical properties.
Some of these characteristics have enabled it to replace glass inseveral applications.

Learn more about all Polymethyl methacrylate properties and their values - ranging from mechanical to electrical to chemical properties, to make right selection for your application.
PMMA, or poly(methyl methacrylate) is a clear, colorless polymer with the molecular formula C5H8O2.
Polymethyl methacrylate is produced through polymerization, which involves placing the methyl methacrylate monomers into a mold with a catalyzing agent.

This allows Polymethyl methacrylate to be formed into a wide variety of shapes, ranging from large sheets and blocks to small pellets and granules.
Polymethyl methacrylate is compatible with all thermoplastic manufacturing methods (including injection molding, compression molding, and others), and can be subsequently machined, sized with saw or laser cutting, or polished.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a strong, tough, and lightweight material. It has a density of 1.17–1.20 g/cm3, which is less than half that of glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate also has good impact strength, higher than both glass and polystyrene, but significantly lower than polycarbonate and some engineered polymers.
Polymethyl methacrylate ignites at 460 °C (860 °F) and burns, forming carbon dioxide, water, carbon monoxide, and low-molecular-weight compounds, including formaldehyde.
Polymethyl methacrylate transmits up to 92% of visible light (3 mm thickness), and gives a reflection of about 4% from each of its surfaces due to its refractive index (1.4905 at 589.3 nm).

Polymethyl methacrylate filters ultraviolet (UV) light at wavelengths below about 300 nm (similar to ordinary window glass).
Some manufacturers add coatings or additives to PMMA to improve absorption in the 300–400 nm range.
Polymethyl methacrylate passes infrared light of up to 2,800 nm and blocks IR of longer wavelengths up to 25,000 nm.

Polymethyl methacrylate varieties allow specific IR wavelengths to pass while blocking visible light (for remote control or heat sensor applications, for example).
Polymethyl methacrylate swells and dissolves in many organic solvents; it also has poor resistance to many other chemicals due to its easily hydrolyzed ester groups.
Nevertheless, its environmental stability is superior to most other plastics such as polystyrene and polyethylene, and therefore it is often the material of choice for outdoor applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate has a maximum water absorption ratio of 0.3–0.4% by weight.
Tensile strength decreases with increased water absorption.
Polymethyl methacrylate is coefficient of thermal expansion is relatively high at (5–10)×10−5 °C−1.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer available in pellet, small granules, and sheet forms.
They are then formed with all thermoplastic methods including injection molding, compression molding, and extrusion.
The highest quality Polymethyl methacrylate sheets are produced by cell casting, but in this case, the polymerization and molding steps occur concurrently.

Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly called acrylic glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent and rigid plastic often used instead of glass in products such as shatterproof windows, illuminated signs, skylights, and aircraft canopies.
Polymethyl methacrylate belongs to the important acrylic family of resins.

Acrylic is chemically known as Polymethyl methacrylate and is a synthetic resin created from the polymerization of methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a promising polymer for applications in optical, pneumatic actuation, sensor, analytical separation, and conductive devices.
Other applications include the use of Polymethyl methacrylate in biomedical applications, polymer electrolytes, polymer viscosity, and drug delivery using electro-diffusion or electro-osmotic flow.

Due to its compatibility and easy processing as a polymer moiety, Polymethyl methacrylate with carbon nanotubes or other inorganic materials plays an important role in the development of nanotechnology.
Wang et al., in the preparation of carbon nanotube polymer composites, used poly (styrene-co-acrylonitrile) with poly (methyl methacrylate)-g-multi walled carbon nanotubes.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as acrylic, acrylic glass, and by the trade names and brands Crylux, Plexiglas, Acrylite, Perclax, Astariglas, Lucite, and Perspex, among others.

Polymethyl methacrylate is often used in sheet form as a lightweight or shatter-resistant alternative to glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate can also be used as a casting resin and in inks, and coatings.
Polymethyl methacrylate is part of a group of materials called engineering plastics.

The Futuro house was made of fibreglass-reinforced polyester plastic, polyester-polyurethane, and poly(methylmethacrylate); one of them was found to be degrading by cyanobacteria and Archaea.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be joined using cyanoacrylate cement (commonly known as superglue), with heat (welding), or by using chlorinated solvents such as dichloromethane or trichloromethane (chloroform) to dissolve the plastic at the joint, which then fuses and sets, forming an almost invisible weld.
Scratches may easily be removed by polishing or by heating the surface of the material.

Laser cutting may be used to form intricate designs from Polymethyl methacrylate sheets.
Polymethyl methacrylate vaporizes to gaseous compounds (including its monomers) upon laser cutting, so a very clean cut is made, and cutting is performed very easily.
However, the pulsed lasercutting introduces high internal stresses, which on exposure to solvents produce undesirable "stress-crazing" at the cut edge and several millimetres deep.

Even ammonium-based glass-cleaner and almost everything short of soap-and-water produces similar undesirable crazing, sometimes over the entire surface of the cut parts, at great distances from the stressed edge.
Annealing the Polymethyl methacrylate sheet/parts is therefore an obligatory post-processing step when intending to chemically bond lasercut parts together.
In the majority of applications, Polymethyl methacrylate will not shatter.

Rather, Polymethyl methacrylate breaks into large dull pieces.
Since Polymethyl methacrylate is softer and more easily scratched than glass, scratch-resistant coatings are often added to Polymethyl methacrylate sheets to protect it (as well as possible other functions).
Polymethyl methacrylate is rarely sold as an end product, since it is not optimized for most applications.

A small amount of acrylate comonomers are routinely used in Polymethyl methacrylate grades destined for heat processing, since this stabilizes the polymer to depolymerization ("unzipping") during processing.
Polymethyl methacrylates such as butyl acrylate are often added to improve impact strength.
Polymethyl methacrylates such as methacrylic acid can be added to increase the glass transition temperature of the polymer for higher temperature use such as in lighting applications.

Polymethyl methacrylates may be added to improve processing properties, lower the glass transition temperature, improve impact properties, and improve mechanical properties such as elastic modulus.
Dyes may be added to give color for decorative applications, or to protect against (or filter) UV light.
Fillers may be substituted to reduce cost.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a tough, highly transparent material with excellent resistance to ultraviolet radiation and weathering.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be coloured, moulded, cut, drilled, and formed. These properties make it ideal for many applications including airplane windshields, skylights, automobile taillights, and outdoor signs.
Polymethyl methacrylate, comes from the Greek words poly, meaning many, and meros, meaning a part.

A polymer, therefore, is a material made up of many molecules, or parts, linked together like a chain.
Polymethyl methacrylates may have hundreds, or even thousands, of molecules linked together.
More importantly, a Polymethyl methacrylate is a material that has properties entirely different than its component parts.

Polymethyl methacrylate is the basic molecule, or monomer, from which polymethyl methacrylate and many other acrylic plastic polymers are formed.
The chemical notation for this material is [CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3].
Polymethyl methacrylate is written in this format, rather than the more common chemical notation [C5H8O2], to show the double bond (=) between the two carbon atoms in the middle.

Polymethyl methacrylate is more popularly known as acrylic.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent and rigid thermoplastic.
Polymethyl methacrylate is produced from the monomer methyl methacrylate.

Polymethyl methacrylate shows high resistance to UV light and weathering.
Due to its transparency, PMMA is used in car windows, smartphone screens to aquariums.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a tough plastic, easy to shape, and a great alternative to the high-cost and less resilient glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a cost-effective alternative to polycarbonate when desired properties are tensile strength, flexural strength, and transparency.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent material.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as acrylic or acrylic glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate is made through polymerization, as it is one of the synthetic polymers.
First, Polymethyl methacrylate is put in a mold with a catalyst added to speed up the process.
Because of this polymerization process, Polymethyl methacrylate can be shaped into many forms, such as sheets, resins, blocks, and beads.

Acrylic glue can also help soften the pieces of Polymethyl methacrylate and weld them together.
Polymethyl methacrylate is easily manipulated in different ways.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be bonded to other materials to help enhance its properties.

Through thermoforming, Polymethyl methacrylate is flexible when heated and solidified when cooled.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be sized appropriately using a saw or laser cutting.
If polished, scratches are removed from the surface, helping to maintain its integrity.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a transparent amorphous polymer.
Polymethyl methacrylate is well known under many other (brand)names such as acrylic, acrylic glass, Plexiglas or Perspex.
Polymethyl methacrylate is very well suited to replace glass where a higher (impact) strength, lower weight and/or easier formability are desired.

Important applications are in windows for aircrafts, safety glass, lighting armatures, car lighting and lenses.
Because the weathering resistance of Polymethyl methacrylate is very good, it is especially suitable for outdoor applications with a long lifespan.
Polymethyl methacrylate is an amorphous transparent thermoplastic polymer.

Polymethyl methacrylate is recognized as an optical polymer based on its refractive index (1.49).
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in optical fibers.
Polymethyl methacrylate finds uses in biological applications because of its lower water absorption capability and biocompatibility.

The maximum moisture content of Polymethyl methacrylate is 1.71% and SBF absorption is 1.96%.
Simulated Body fluid test (SBF) is a method to identify the in vitro bioactivity of ceramic materials, by immersing the materials in an aqueous SBF solution.
Polymethyl methacrylate, which lazy scientists call PMMA, is a clear plastic, used as a shatterproof replacement for glass.

The clear barrier at the ice rink which keeps hockey pucks from flying in the faces of hockey fans is made of Polymethyl methacrylate.
When Polymethyl methacrylate comes to making windows, PMMA has another advantage over glass.
Polymethyl methacrylate is more transparent than glass.

When glass windows are made too thick, they become difficult to see through.
But Polymethyl methacrylate windows can be made as much as 13 inches (33 cm) thick, and they're still perfectly transparent.
This makes Polymethyl methacrylate a wonderful material for making large aquariums, with windows which must be thick in order to contain the high pressure of millions of gallons of water.

Polymethyl methacrylate, is widely known as a plastic component used in products such as plexiglass and other transparent glass substitutes, it is appearing as an ingredient in a number of cosmetics and aestheticians' offices as a filler for wrinkles and fine lines.
According to Wikipedia, Polymethyl methacrylate is chemically "is the synthetic polymer of methyl methacrylate" (an organic methyl ester).
Polymethyl methacrylate's naturally compatible with human tissue, and was a frequent component of contact lenses in the past; it's also been used for dentures and bone replacement, when combined with bovine collagen.

When used in cosmetic surgery, Polymethyl methacrylate microspheres are suspended in biological fluid and injected under the skin to reduce wrinkles or scars permanently.
Polymethyl methacrylate is one of the amorphous polymers that belong to the acrylate family.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a clear, colorless polymer with a glass transition temperature range of 100 degree to 130 degree, and a density of 1.20 g/cm3 at room temperature.

Polymethyl methacrylate melts at 130 degree, with a water absorptivity of 0.3%, moisture absorption at equilibrium of 0.3 to 0.33%, and a linear shrinkage mold of 0.003 to 0.0065 cm/cm.
Polymethyl methacrylate is among the polymers that have high resistance to sunshine exposure because it has a small variation under the effect of UV-radiation.
Polymethyl methacrylate has very good thermal stability, and is known to withstand temperatures as high as 100 degree and as low as 70 degree.

Polymethyl methacrylate also possesses very good optical properties, with a refractive index of 1.490, and a good degree of compatibility with human tissue.
Polymethyl methacrylate is an organic polymer, and its solubility is expected to be governed by “like-dissolve-like,” with polarity playing a major role.
Polymethyl methacrylate shows little deviation, as its solubility is more complex, starting with swelling in the solvent and the subsequent formation of a very soft layer on its surface.

This is then followed by diffusion of the solvent into the whole polymer before it gives a homogenous solution with the solvent.
This is the reason why Polymethyl methacrylate takes a few minutes before it is dissolved completely, even if it is in its best solvent.
Polymethyl methacrylate hydrolyzed completely with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to become poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA).

Hydrochloric acid and hydro-iodic acid are capable of hydrolyzing Polymethyl methacrylate, but at a slow rate when compared to sulfuric acid.
Polymethyl methacrylate has a predominantly elemental composition of carbon and hydrogen.
Therefore, Polymethyl methacrylate is liable to undergo an exothermic combustion reaction to yield gaseous products (CO2, CO, H2O,) and energy like any other hydrocarbon.

The thermal decomposition of Polymethyl methacrylate has been extensively studied in the absence of oxygen.
The decomposition temperature varies, depending on the approach used in the synthesis of the polymer.
Radically polymerized Polymethyl methacrylate containing terminal C-C bonds decompose at a temperature of 220 degree with simple mechanisms of monomer repeat units bond scission and C-C bond random scission.

Melting point: 150 °C
Boiling point: 108 °C
Density: 1.188 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.49
Flash point: 250 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons: insoluble
form: powder
color: White
Specific Gravity: 1.188
Viscosity: 2.0 to 4.0 mPa-s(0.5g/50mL THF, 20 ℃)
Water Solubility: Soluble in tetrahydrofuran, toluene, cyclohexanone, ethyl acetate and chloroform. Insoluble in water, alcohols and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 1.346 (est)

Polymethyl methacrylate is a suspension of microscopic synthetic polymer beads (microspheres) in a vehicle such as bovine collagen, hyaluronic acid or some other colloidal suspending agent.
Polymethyl methacrylate and MetaCrill (PMMA suspended in a chemical colloid) are two brands of PMMA injectable augmentation products.
The resin has long been used by orthopaedic surgeons in bone cement for joint replacement or to replace a skull bone defect.

Polymethyl methacrylate or possibly more widely known as acrylic is a superb optical material with both high levels of visible and UV light transmission.
Polymethyl methacrylate is widely used in a multitude of point of sale display applications and due to its compatibility with human tissue has found use in a number of medical applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate may be formed in several ways.

One common way is to react acetone [CH3COCH3] with hydrogen cyanide [HCN] to produce acetone cyanhydrin [(CH3)2C(OH)CN].
This in turn is reacted with methyl alcohol [CH3OH] to produce Polymethyl methacrylate.
Other similar monomers such as Polymethyl methacrylate [CH2=CHCOOCH] and acrylonitrile [CH2=CHCN] can be joined with methyl methacrylate to form different acrylic plastics.

When two or more monomers are joined together, the result is known as a copolymer.
Just as with Polymethyl methacrylate, both monomers have a double bond on the middle carbon atoms that splits during polymerisation to link with the carbon atoms of other molecules.
Controlling the proportion of these other monomers produces changes in elasticity and other properties in the resulting plastic.

Common orthographic stylings include polymethyl methacrylate and polymethylmethacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often called simply "acrylic", acrylic can also refer to other polymers or copolymers containing polyacrylonitrile.
Notable trade names and brands include Hesalite (when used in Omega watches), Acrylite, Lucite, PerClax, R-Cast, Plexiglas, Optix, Perspex, Oroglas, Altuglas, Cyrolite, Astariglas, Cho Chen,] Sumipex, and Crystallite.

Polymethyl methacrylate is an economical alternative to polycarbonate (PC) when tensile strength, flexural strength, transparency, polishability, and UV tolerance are more important than impact strength, chemical resistance, and heat resistance.
Additionally, Polymethyl methacrylate does not contain the potentially harmful bisphenol-A subunits found in polycarbonate and is a far better choice for laser cutting.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often preferred because of its moderate properties, easy handling and processing, and low cost.

Non-modified Polymethyl methacrylate behaves in a brittle manner when under load, especially under an impact force, and is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glass, but modified Polymethyl methacrylate is sometimes able to achieve high scratch and impact resistance.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a commonly used manufacturing plastic.
Because of its high transparency, Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as “acrylic glass” or “plexiglass.”

Polymethyl methacrylate is a commonly used manufacturing plastic. Because of its high transparency, Polymethyl methacrylate is also known as “acrylic glass” or “plexiglass.”
The material characteristics of Polymethyl methacrylate are noteworthy for a few reasons: it is a highly translucent, glass-like material that offers high impact and environmental resistance, making it an excellent alternative for true glass in applications where shatter resistance is a desired trait.
This includes aircraft and automotive windscreens, architectural applications, electronics, aquarium windows, and even medical implants.

Polymethyl methacrylate also has some disadvantages: as we have already mentioned, the material deforms under the influence of high temperatures.
Polymethyl methacrylate is therefore not heat-resistant and therefore cannot be used for safety applications, such as glazing in passenger transport vehicles.
Due to its weight, strength and relatively low price, Polymethyl methacrylate is often used for glazing large surfaces, such as wind and noise barriers.

Thanks to its strength, Polymethyl methacrylate is widely used in very large aquariums and basins in zoos.
This requires a glass thickness of up to 30 centimetres, if ordinary glass was used for this, the transparency would be too low and, moreover, the glazing would be much too heavy.
Polymethyl methacrylate can be obtained from its monomer using different techniques of polymerization.

The monomer undergoes polymerization using the common methods of free radical and anionic initiations by bulk, solution, suspension, and emulsion techniques.
Following the discovery of a new technique of Polymethyl methacrylate by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski in 1995 called Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP), Matyjaszewski et al. successfully polymerized the monomer of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to produce PMMA as a living polymer with 80% conversion, poly-dispersity as low as 1.1, and an Mn of 20,000 in a few hours.

History:
The first acrylic acid was created in 1843. Methacrylic acid, derived from acrylic acid, was formulated in 1865.
The reaction between methacrylic acid and methanol results in the ester methyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate was developed in 1928 in several different laboratories by many chemists, such as William R. Conn, Otto Röhm, and Walter Bauer, and first brought to market in 1933 by German Röhm & Haas AG (as of January 2019, part of Evonik Industries) and its partner and former U.S. affiliate Rohm and Haas Company under the trademark Plexiglas.

Polymethyl methacrylate was discovered in the early 1930s by British chemists Rowland Hill and John Crawford at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) in the United Kingdom.
ICI registered the product under the trademark Perspex.
About the same time, chemist and industrialist Otto Röhm of Röhm and Haas AG in Germany attempted to produce safety glass by polymerizing methyl methacrylate between two layers of glass.

The polymer separated from the glass as a clear plastic sheet, which Röhm gave the trademarked name Plexiglas in 1933.
Both Perspex and Plexiglas were commercialized in the late 1930s.
In the United States, E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company (now DuPont Company) subsequently introduced its own product under the trademark Lucite.

In 1936 ICI Acrylics (now Lucite International) began the first commercially viable production of acrylic safety glass.
During World War II both Allied and Axis forces used acrylic glass for submarine periscopes and aircraft windscreen, canopies, and gun turrets.
Civilian applications followed after the war.

Uses:
Polymethyl methacrylate composites have be used in biomedical applications such as dentistry, orthopedic retainers, and bone replacement.
Polymethyl methacrylate has been used as substrate for graphene growth.
Polymethyl methacrylate, in the commercial form Technovit 7200 is used vastly in the medical field.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used for plastic histology, electron microscopy, as well as many more uses.
Polymethyl methacrylate has been used to create ultra-white opaque membranes that are flexible and switch appearance to transparent when wet.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in tanning beds as the transparent surface that separates the occupant from the tanning bulbs while tanning.

The type of Polymethyl methacrylate used in tanning beds is most often formulated from a special type of polymethyl methacrylate, a compound that allows the passage of ultraviolet rays.
Sheets of Polymethyl methacrylate are commonly used in the sign industry to make flat cut out letters in thicknesses typically varying from 3 to 25 millimeters (0.1 to 1.0 in).
These letters may be used alone to represent a company's name and/or logo, or they may be a component of illuminated channel letters.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used extensively throughout the sign industry as a component of wall signs where it may be a backplate, painted on the surface or the backside, a faceplate with additional raised lettering or even photographic images printed directly to it, or a spacer to separate sign components.
Polymethyl methacrylate was used in Laserdisc optical media.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a light guide for the backlights in TFT-LCDs.

Plastic optical fiber used for short-distance communication is made from Polymethyl methacrylate, and perfluorinated PMMA, clad with fluorinated Polymethyl methacrylate, in situations where its flexibility and cheaper installation costs outweigh its poor heat tolerance and higher attenuation versus glass fiber.
Polymethyl methacrylate, in a purified form, is used as the matrix in laser dye-doped organic solid-state gain media for tunable solid state dye lasers.
In semiconductor research and industry, Polymethyl methacrylate aids as a resist in the electron beam lithography process.

A solution consisting of the polymer in a solvent is used to spin coat silicon and other semiconducting and semi-insulating wafers with a thin film.
Patterns on this can be made by an electron beam (using an electron microscope), deep UV light (shorter wavelength than the standard photolithography process), or X-rays.
Exposure to these creates chain scission or (de-cross-linking) within the PMMA, allowing for the selective removal of exposed areas by a chemical developer, making it a positive photoresist.

Polymethyl methacrylate's advantage is that it allows for extremely high resolution patterns to be made.
Smooth Polymethyl methacrylate surface can be easily nanostructured by treatment in oxygen radio-frequency plasma and nanostructured PMMA surface can be easily smoothed by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as a shield to stop beta radiation emitted from radioisotopes.

Small strips of Polymethyl methacrylate are used as dosimeter devices during the Gamma Irradiation process.
The optical properties of Polymethyl methacrylate change as the gamma dose increases, and can be measured with a spectrophotometer.
Polymethyl methacrylate is a rigid thermoplastic widely used as a shatterproof replacement for glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate composites have be used in biomedical applications such as dentistry, orthopedic retainers, and bone replacement.
Polymethyl methacrylate has been used as substrate for graphene growth.
Being transparent and durable, Polymethyl methacrylate is a versatile material and has been used in a wide range of fields and applications such as rear-lights and instrument clusters for vehicles, appliances, and lenses for glasses.

Polymethyl methacrylate in the form of sheets affords to shatter resistant panels for building windows, skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs & displays, sanitary ware (bathtubs), LCD screens, furniture and many other applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is also used for coating polymers based on MMA provides outstanding stability against environmental conditions with reduced emission of VOC.
Polymethyl methacrylates are used extensively in medical and dental applications where purity and stability are critical to performance.

Polymethyl methacrylate has been used in the area of biomedical applications, which involves the preparation of bone cements for drug delivery/release and cranioplasty.
The qualities that made the polymer a potential material for these applications include: non-toxicity, less cost, easy processability, compatibility, minimal inflammatory reactions with tissues, and greater fracture resistance, especially when used in cranioplasty.
Polymethyl methacrylate has also been used to widen the applications of chitosan in various fields that include biomedical and pharmaceutical applications.

Zuhair et al. reported the successful grafting of a PMMA/chitosan blend.
The results indicated an increase in the mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and flexural modulus.
The degradation, porosity, and water absorbency of the blend in synthetic body fluid (SBF) with a pH of 7.4 increased with an increase in the chitosan percentage and immersion time in SBF.

These behaviors exhibited by the Polymethyl methacrylate/chitosan blend illustrate its potentials for drug release applications.
Molecular separations in Polymethyl methacrylate can be achieved in an advanced way by the use of chromatographic techniques, which involve the use of a stationary phase (inert solid support) and mobile phase (usually solvent or mixture of solvents).
The common solid supports used are inorganic materials such as silica and alumina, but they have low patronage due to their disadvantages in separating some organic molecules, and limited modifications for maximum efficiency.

Therefore, both natural and synthetic polymers have recently been used to replace the inorganic materials.
Polymethyl methacrylate is the most promising synthetic polymer for applications in molecular separation due to its low cost, compatibility, ease of modification, and processability.
Optical science is relevant and studied in many disciplines, including engineering, medicine, pure science, and astronomy.

Practical applications are found in lenses, microscopes, lasers, fibers, and polymers, to name a few.
The optical activity of any material is the result exhibited by that material when interacting with light and the refractive index is the measure of that activity.
The optical applications of Polymethyl methacrylate are due to its refractive index, good resistance to UV light, chemical durability, and good mechanical properties.

Organic polymers are usually cheap, lightweight, and easily processed substrates, and are therefore good for immobilizing semiconductors for heterogeneous photocatalytic applications.
Camara et al. revealed the investigation of eleven synthetic polymers susceptible to coating with TiO2 for exposure to solar radiation, with and without the TiO2 layer, for 150 days to study the weathering.
They observed that only the Polymethyl methacrylate retains good optical and mechanical properties of the Titania after natural weathering.

Therefore, Polymethyl methacrylate is the best candidate for the immobilization of TiO2 for photocatalytic treatment applications.
Polymethyl methacrylates are electrical insulators.
However, conducting polymers can be prepared using an insulating polymer and electrically conductive fillers called dopants.

The electrical properties of Polymethyl methacrylate doped with conducting materials under various experimental conditions including photo-induced changes, has been studied.
Polymethyl methacrylate was used as an organic insulator, while the PVA-PAA-glycerol was a semiconducting polymer.
Polymethyl methacrylates were used as bottom and top electrodes for the fabricated devices.

Finally, organic memory devices were prepared based on the Au-PtAg nanoparticles as charge storage elements.
Polymethyl methacrylate was used as the organic insulator.
A polymer electrolyte membrane for battery application must play the following roles: must enable positive ion transport such as Li+ between the electrodes, must block the electron transport, and must be rigid to prevent direct contact between the electrodes.

The application of Polymethyl methacrylate in the polymer electrolyte was due to the amorphous nature for porosity’s sake and the mechanical strength it has for the provision of the rigidity to the polymer electrolyte membrane.
In search of the production of a quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) using a high conductivity polymer gel electrolyte, a suitable polymeric material was needed to be a host matrix in the composite.
Therefore, Polymethyl methacrylate was found to be a good and compatible polymer for this purpose.

This was attributed to its mechanical strength, compatibility, and optical clarity.
Due to the wider application of nanocomposites in the field of nanotechnology, many researchers focused their attention on nanocomposites, their fabrication, and applications.
Perween et al. reported the use of Polymethyl methacrylate and graphite to fabricate plastic chip electrodes (PCEs) via a simple solution casting method.

This characterization was made using microscopy (SEM and AFM) as well as thermal properties (TGA), and mechanical and electrical properties.
The fabricated electrode was economically inexpensive, multipurpose, and dispensable for various applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums. Designers started building large aquariums when poly(methyl methacrylate) could be used.

Polymethyl methacrylate is less often used in other building types due to incidents such as the Summerland disaster.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used for viewing ports and even complete pressure hulls of submersibles, such as the Alicia submarine's viewing sphere and the window of the bathyscaphe Trieste.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles.

Spectator protection in ice hockey rinks is made from Polymethyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate was an important improvement in the design of aircraft windows, making possible such designs as the bombardier's transparent nose compartment in the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress.
Modern aircraft transparencies often use stretched acrylic plies.

Police vehicles for riot control often have the regular glass replaced with Polymethyl methacrylate to protect the occupants from thrown objects.
Polymethyl methacrylate is an important material in the making of certain lighthouse lenses.
Polymethyl methacrylate was used for the roofing of the compound in the Olympic Park for the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich.

Polymethyl methacrylate enabled a light and translucent construction of the structure.
Polymethyl methacrylate panels have been used to redirect sunlight into a light pipe or tubular skylight and, from there, to spread it into a room.
Their developers Veronica Garcia Hansen, Ken Yeang, and Ian Edmonds were awarded the Far East Economic Review Innovation Award in bronze for this technology in 2003.

Attenuation being quite strong for distances over one meter (more than 90% intensity loss for a 3000 K source), acrylic broadband light guides are then dedicated mostly to decorative uses.
Pairs of Polymethyl methacrylate sheets with a layer of microreplicated prisms between the sheets can have reflective and refractive properties that let them redirect part of incoming sunlight in dependence on its angle of incidence.
Such panels act as miniature light shelves.

Such panels have been commercialized for purposes of daylighting, to be used as a window or a canopy such that sunlight descending from the sky is directed to the ceiling or into the room rather than to the floor.
This can lead to a higher illumination of the back part of a room, in particular when combined with a white ceiling, while having a slight impact on the view to the outside compared to normal glazing.
Polymethyl methacrylate include: automotive lights, home appliances, lenses for glasses, shatter-resistant panels for windows, skylights, bulletproof security barriers, signs and displays, LCD screens, bathtubs, furniture, and acrylic nails, and many other applications.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used for coating polymers based on MMA and offers stability against environmental conditions with reduced VOC emission.
Polymethyl methacrylates are used broadly in medical and dental applications where purity and strength are critical to performance. Here are some other uses of polymethyl methacrylate.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as an inexpensive alternative to polycarbonate when tensile strength, flexural strength, polishability, transparency, and UV tolerance are most important.

Polymethyl methacrylate also does not contain the potentially harmful bisphenol-A subunits found in polycarbonate and is a better choice for laser cutting.
Polymethyl methacrylate is often favored because of its moderate properties, easy handling and processing, and low cost.
Polymethyl methacrylate is brittle when under load, especially under an impact force, and is more prone to scratching than conventional inorganic glass.

Polymethyl methacrylate can sometimes achieve high scratch and impact resistance.
Polymethyl methacrylate has excellent mechanical properties and low toxicity.
Polymethyl methacrylate is popular for hip-joint transplantations because of its inert properties and displays slow degradation.

Therefore, manufacturing a polymer blend of polycaprolactone and PMMA produces a polymer material that is better suited for biomaterial applications.
Polymethyl methacrylate has a good degree of compatibility with human tissue, and it is used in the manufacture of rigid intraocular lenses which are implanted in the eye when the original lens has been removed in the treatment of cataracts.
This compatibility was discovered by the English ophthalmologist Harold Ridley in WWII RAF pilots, whose eyes had been riddled with PMMA splinters coming from the side windows of their Supermarine Spitfire fighters – the plastic scarcely caused any rejection, compared to glass splinters coming from aircraft such as the Hawker Hurricane.

Ridley had a lens manufactured by the Rayner company (Brighton & Hove, East Sussex) made from Perspex polymerised by ICI.
On 29 November 1949 at St Thomas' Hospital, London, Ridley implanted the first intraocular lens at St Thomas's Hospital in London.
In particular, acrylic-type lenses are useful for cataract surgery in patients that have recurrent ocular inflammation (uveitis), as acrylic material induces less inflammation.

Eyeglass lenses are commonly made from Polymethyl methacrylate.
Historically, hard contact lenses were frequently made of this material.
Soft contact lenses are often made of a related polymer, where acrylate monomers containing one or more hydroxyl groups make them hydrophilic.

In orthopedic surgery, Polymethyl methacrylate bone cement is used to affix implants and to remodel lost bone.
Polymethyl methacrylate is supplied as a powder with liquid methyl methacrylate (MMA).
Although Polymethyl methacrylate is biologically compatible, MMA is considered to be an irritant and a possible carcinogen.

Polymethyl methacrylate has also been linked to cardiopulmonary events in the operating room due to hypotension.
Bone cement acts like a grout and not so much like a glue in arthroplasty.
Although sticky, Polymethyl methacrylate does not bond to either the bone or the implant; rather, it primarily fills the spaces between the prosthesis and the bone preventing motion.

A disadvantage of this bone cement is that it heats up to 82.5 °C (180.5 °F) while setting that may cause thermal necrosis of neighboring tissue.
A careful balance of initiators and monomers is needed to reduce the rate of polymerization, and thus the heat generated.
In cosmetic surgery, tiny Polymethyl methacrylate microspheres suspended in some biological fluid are injected as a soft-tissue filler under the skin to reduce wrinkles or scars permanently.

Polymethyl methacrylate as a soft-tissue filler was widely used in the beginning of the century to restore volume in patients with HIV-related facial wasting.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used illegally to shape muscles by some bodybuilders.
Plombage is an outdated treatment of tuberculosis where the pleural space around an infected lung was filled with PMMA balls, in order to compress and collapse the affected lung.

Emerging biotechnology and biomedical research use Polymethyl methacrylate to create microfluidic lab-on-a-chip devices, which require 100 micrometre-wide geometries for routing liquids.
These small geometries are amenable to using PMMA in a biochip fabrication process and offers moderate biocompatibility.
Bioprocess chromatography columns use cast acrylic tubes as an alternative to glass and stainless steel.

These are pressure rated and satisfy stringent requirements of materials for biocompatibility, toxicity, and extractables.
Polymethyl methacrylate technology is utilized in roofing and waterproofing applications.
By incorporating a polyester fleece sandwiched between two layers of catalyst-activated Polymethyl methacrylate resin, a fully reinforced liquid membrane is created in situ.

Polymethyl methacrylate is a widely used material to create deal toys and financial tombstones.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used by the Sailor Pen Company of Kure, Japan, in their standard models of gold-nib fountain pens, specifically as the cap and body material.
Polymethyl methacrylate comes in handy for construction. It is often used for shatterproof skylights.

Polymethyl methacrylate is also used for many shower and bath units. Many even prefer PMMA to ceramic tiles.
In addition, Polymethyl methacrylate can be found in many sound-resistant rooms, audio studios, and cars.

Polymethyl methacrylate is used so often because it has the same beneficial qualities as glass without the fragility issues.
Polymethyl methacrylate glass has excellent optical properties, with the same refractive index as glass when in solid form.

Safety Profile:
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data by implant route.
When heated to decomposition it emits Polymethyl methacrylate smoke and irritating fumes.
Polymethyl methacrylate is used as the main constituent of acrylic sheet, moldmg, and extrusion powders.

Synonyms:
METHYL METHACRYLATE
80-62-6
Methylmethacrylate
methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
Methyl methylacrylate
Methyl 2-methylpropenoate
Methacrylic acid methyl ester
Pegalan
Methyl-methacrylat
Methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Diakon
Acryester M
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
Methacrylate de methyle
Methyl 2-methylacrylate
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid methyl ester
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester
2-(Methoxycarbonyl)-1-propene
Metakrylan metylu
Methylmethacrylaat
Metil metacrilato
Rcra waste number U162
Methyl alpha-methylacrylate
Methyl methacrylate monomer
TEB 3K
NCI-C50680
2-Methylacrylic acid, methyl ester
9011-14-7
Methacrylic acid, methyl ester
Acrylic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester
2-Methyl-acrylic acid methyl ester
NSC 4769
Monocite methacrylate monomer
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove
CHEBI:34840
2-methylacrylic acid methyl ester
Methyl meth-d3-acrylate
Methyl .alpha.-methylacrylate
Cranioplast
DTXSID2020844
Metaplex
Kallocryl A
NSC-4769
Simplex P
Methyl methacrylate monomer, inhibited
143476-91-9
Methyl ester of 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid
196OC77688
Methacrylic acid-methyl ester
114512-63-9
51391-19-6
Plexiglass
Methylmethacrylaat [Dutch]
Metakrylan metylu [Polish]
Methyl-methacrylat [German]
Metil metacrilato [Italian]
55063-97-3
CCRIS 1364
HSDB 195
Methacrylate de methyle [French]
Methacrylsaeuremethyl ester [German]
EINECS 201-297-1
UN1247
RCRA waste no. U162
BRN 0605459
Eudragit
Methylester kyseliny methakrylove [Czech]
AI3-24946
methoxymethacrolein
UNII-196OC77688
MMA (stabilized)
J69
Acrylic resins (PMMA)
METHYL METHACTRYLATE
Epitope ID:131321
Methyl 2-methylacrylate #
Methyl methacrylate (MMA)
EC 201-297-1
Methyl-.alpha.-methacrylate
SCHEMBL1849
CH2=C(CH3)COOCH3
4-02-00-01519 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
NA 1247 (Salt/Mix)
UN 1247 (Salt/Mix)
BIDD:ER0634
CHEMBL49996
DTXCID80844
Methyl methacrylate, 99.5%
WLN: 1UY1&VO1
Methyl methacrylate, stabilized
'monocite' Methacrylate monomer
Methyl methacrylate, CP,98.0%
NSC4769
METHYL METHACRYLATE [HSDB]
METHYL METHACRYLATE [IARC]
METHYL METHACRYLATE [INCI]
METHYLMETHACRYLATE [MART.]
METHYL METHACRYLATE [VANDF]
METHYLMETHACRYLATE [WHO-DD]
Tox21_200367
MFCD00008587
AKOS000120216
Methyl methacrylate, 99%, stabilized
CAS-80-62-6
NCGC00091089-01
NCGC00091089-02
NCGC00257921-01
9065-11-6
Methacrylic Acid Methyl Ester (stabilized
METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER [MI]
M0087
METHYL 2-METHYL-2-PROPENOATE [FHFI]
EN300-19210
C19504
Methyl methacrylate 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
Methyl methacrylate, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
A839957
Q382897
J-522614
F0001-2087
InChI=1/C5H8O2/c1-4(2)5(6)7-3/h1H2,2-3H
Methacrylic acid-methyl ester 100 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
Methyl Methacrylate (stabilized with 6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol)
Methyl Methacrylate, (stabilized with 6-tert-Butyl-2,4-xylenol)
Methyl methacrylate, contains <=30 ppm MEHQ as inhibitor, 99%
Methyl methacrylate, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Methyl methacrylate (MMA), 99.5%(GC), contains 30ppm MEHQ as stabilizer
Methyl methacrylate (MMA), AR, 99.0%, contains 30ppm MEHQ as stabilizer
Methyl methacrylate monomer, inhibited [UN1247] [Flammable liquid]
PROPENOIC ACID,2-METHYL,METHYLESTER (METHACRYLATE METHYLESTER)

POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; N° CAS : 9011-14-7; Noms français : 2-METHYL-2-PROPENOIC ACID METHYL ESTER HOMOPOLYMER; 2-PROPENOIC ACID, 2-METHYL-, METHYL ESTER, HOMOPOLYMER; METHACRYLIC ACID METHYL ESTER, POLYMERS; METHYL METHACRYLATE HOMOPOLYMER; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; Polyméthacrylate de méthyle. Noms anglais : Methyl methacrylate polymer; METHYL METHACRYLATE RESIN. Origine(s) : Synthétique; Nom INCI : POLYMETHYL METHACRYLATE; Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester, homopolymer; Classification : Polymère de synthèse; Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Utilisation: Le méthacrylate de méthyle est principalement utilisé seul ou avec d'autres acrylates pour la préparation de polymères et de copolymères. Sous forme de polyméthacrylate de méthyle, il est utilisé essentiellement pour fabriquer : des feuilles de matière plastique des poudres à mouler et à extruder des résines pour traitement de surface des polymères en émulsion des produits de dentisterie des fibres des encres des films des colles Le polyméthacrylate de méthyle trouve également une application dans la production de polymères connus sous les noms de Plexiglas®, Perspex® et de Lucite®. Ces matériaux ont été introduits sur le marché comme produits de remplacement du verre (identifiés comme verre incassable). Ils sont utilisés pour la confection : de prothèses dentaires et orthopédiques de lentilles intraoculaires (implant oculaire) et de verres de contact rigides de colles

SYNONYMS Tween® 20; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monolaurate; POE (20) sorbitan monolaurate; Polysorbate 20 ,(POLYSORBATE 20) (TWEEN 20) CAS NO. 9005-64-5

DESCRIPTION:
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane (PMHS) is a polymer with the general structure -(CH3(H)Si-O)-.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used in organic chemistry as a mild and stable reducing agent easily transferring hydrides to metal centers and a number of other reducible functional groups.
A variety of related materials are available under the following CAS registry numbers 9004-73-3, 16066-09-4, 63148-57-2, 178873-19-3.



CAS Number: 9004-73-3
Linear Formula: (CH4OSi)nC6H18OSi2

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Chemical formula: (CH3(H)SiO)n
Chemical Name: Polymethylhydrosiloxane PMHS
Product Name:High hydrogen silicone oil,
Methyl hydrogen siloxane
Molar mass: variable
Density: 1.006 g/cm3
Flash point: 204 °C
pH value: 7 (H₂O)
Vapor pressure: 38 hPa (20 °C)
Viscosity kinematic: 17 - 25 mm2/s (25 °C)
Density: 1.00 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Hydrogen releasable in alkaline medium: ≥ 340 ml/g
Identity (IR): passes test
Vapor pressure: 38 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level: 200
Form: liquid
reaction suitability: reagent type: reductant
pH: 7 ( in H2O)
kinematic viscosity: 17-25 cSt(25 °C)
transition temp: flash point 150 °C
density: 1.00 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.: 2-30°C
Appearance: Colorless and odorless transparent liquid
Viscosity(at 25°C, mm2/s): 20-30
Hydrogen Content,%: 1.58-1.60
pH Value: 6.0~7.0
Volatile Content: (150°C, 3H), %: ＜3
Flash Point, °C: ＞160


These include the tetramer ((MeSiHO)4), copolymers of dimethylsiloxane and methylhydrosiloxane, and trimethylsilyl terminated materials.
This material is prepared by the hydrolysis of monomethyldichlorosilane CAS#: 75-54-7:
n MeSiHCl2 + n H2O → (MeSiHO)n + 2n HCl

The related polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is made similarly, but lacking Si-H bonds, Polymethylhydrogen siloxane exhibits no reducing properties.
Dimethyldichlorosilane CAS#: 75-78-5 is then used instead of monomethyldichlorosilane CAS#: 75-54-7.
Illustrative of its use, PMHS is used for in situ conversion of tributyltin oxide to tributyltin hydride:
2"(MeSiH)" + (Bu3Sn)2O → "Me2Si2O" + 2 Bu3SnH


Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane TPD-202 is nontoxic and insipid.
As there are fair quantity of relatively active Si-H bonds inthemolecule, under the action of catalysts Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane can react with chemicals containing active groups, such as double bonds or hydroxyl groups.

Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane TPD-202 can be converted into film and used to produce a resilient waterproof coating on various materials by using metal salt catalyst at low temperature.
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane equips itself with outstanding water repellent property which prevents damage due to moisture, as well as mildew and rust development.
Besides, its high vapor permeability allows the material to breathe and let water, vapor escape to the outside without causing damage.

PERFORMANCE OF POLY METHYL HYDROGEN SILICONE:
● Under the effect of metal salt activator at low temperature it can crosslink to form water repellant film on the surface of various matters, it can be applied as water repellant for various materials as fabric, glass, ceramic, paper sheet, leather, metal, cement, marble etc. especially for fabric water proof.

● Using Methyl hydrogen silicone fluid latex together with Methyl hydrogen silicone fluid may resist water and remain Air’s permeability of the fabric and enhance plitting tensile strength, friction strength and antifouling property and improve the feel and stitching property of the fabric, Besides, it is also can be applied in antiadhesion isolating agent and crosslinking agent for paper manufacture.

SPECIFICATIONS OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane is a high molecular weight organic synthesis with a general chemical structure.
Commercially available products are usually linear polysiloxane, but cyclic silanes forms can also be used.
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane is soluble in most aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon solvents, but insoluble in water and low alcohols.

Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane (PMHS) is a widely used reducing agent which is easily handled, non-toxic, mild and stable.
Although relatively inert to organic functional groups, PMHS can transfer its hydrides to various metal catalysts and many other reducible functional groups, which can then participate in extensive reduction.
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane can also be used in combination with nucleophilic activators as the reducing agents.


FEATURES OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane has EU REACH Registration
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane is Colorless and odorless

Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane has High hydrogen content, low VOC
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane has Good film-forming property
Polymethyl Hydrogen Siloxane has No acid precipitation

Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Colourless, essentially non-toxic, Cures to give a durable film, Cure times and temperatures can be controlled, Effective at addition rates down to 0.2%, Can be diluted in solvents in order to improve dispersion.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Excellent water repellency but moderate softness.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Non-toxic, non-dangerous, non—hazardous substance.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Active Si-H bonds, weatherability, hydrophobic characteristic and high vapor permeability.



USES OF POLY METHYL HYDROGEN SILOXANE:
PolyMethylHydrogen Siloxane is usually applied from dilute solution.
Solutionsare prepared by diluting Silicone for Cement with hydrocarbon solvents, acetone or methyl ethyl ketone (see Handling Precautions) and stirring the mixture gently until uniform.
The extent of dilution will depend on the surface to be treated and surface properties desired.

APPLICATIONS OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Mainly used as water repellent for gypsum, powders, glass, ceramic, leather, paper, metal, cement and marble.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Widely used in the finishing of all kinds of fibers such as cotton, hemp, silk, nylon, polyester.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Used as the cross linker for additional type silicone rubber series.

Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Used as the basic material and a fundamental intermediate to synthesize some modified silicone oil including polyether modified silicone oil and alkyl based modified silicone oil.

Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Used as hydrophobic agent, lubricant and antisticking agent of oily based foundation of cosmetics.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is a colorless free-flowing liquid, can be used as waterproofing agents for materials such as fabric, glass, ceramic, paper, leather, metal, cement, marble, etc., especially for fabric.

Under the reaction of metal catalysts, Polymethylhydrogen siloxane can be cross-linked into a waterproof film on the surface of various materials at a low temperature.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is usually used as a cross-linking agent, and the active Si-H makes it also used as an antioxidant.

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is Anti-yellowing agents for high temperature vulcanized silicone rubber
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is Cross-linking agents for addiction silicones
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is Mold release agents

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Polyurethane foam stabilizer, coating leveling agents and fabric finishing agents when compounding to modified silicone oil
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Building ceramic anti-fouling agent

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Moisture-proof and hydrophobic treatment for natural stone, marble, etc.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Water repellents and softeners for synthetic fibers
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Compound to low hydrogen silicone oil

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Special raw material for building ceramic anti fouling and anti AB liquid
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Moisture proof and hydrophobic treatment of building base material of natural stone, marble and polished brick
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as water absorption rate of the special waterproof agent of waterproof gypsum board, gypsum board, gypsum block and other products is less than 10%, which conforms to the national standard

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as The synthesis of all kinds of modified silicone oil, such as polyether silicone oil, is the necessary material of polyurethane, coating, water flowing agent, silicone fabric finishing agent, hydrophilic silicone oil
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Natural and synthetic fabric, waterproof agent and softener for silk leather, such as softening finishing for all kinds of fibers, such as cotton, linen and acrylic polyester, are mainly used in combination with silicone oil emulsion or hydrogen emulsion and hydroxyl silicone oil emulsion.

Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used as Waterproof and anti-sticking agent for paper.
Polymethylhydrogen siloxane is used For dry powder fire extinguishing agent, electrical grade magnesia powder, calcium carbonate and other dry powder materials.










TRANSPORTATION & STORAGE OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Transported as non-dangerous cargo.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane should be stored in a shady, dry place with the temperature 0°C-40°C, freezing should be avoided.
Polymethylhydrogen Siloxane is Avoided from acid, alkali chemical materials and other impurities.
Shelf life: 1 Year.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF POLYMETHYLHYDROGEN SILOXANE:
Methyl hydrogen siloxane
Poly(methyl siloxane)
Poly(methylhydrosiloxane)
Polysilicone 4
drypon 600
dc 1107
bis(trimethylsilyl)-terminated poly(hydrogen methyl siloxane)
ditrimethylsilyl-terminated methylsilanediolhomopolymer
trimethylsilyl-terminatedpoly(methylsilanediol)
trimethylsilyl-terminated poly(methylsilanediol), sru
baysilone mh 15
sh 1107c
dow corning 1107 fluid
silcolease crosslinker 12031
poly[oxy(methylsilylene)],a-(trimethylsilyl)-w-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-
glo-pel s 50
siltech g 456
hms 993
h 68
dow corning 1107
rhoximat h 68
ps 122(siloxane)
ps 118
a-(trimethylsilyl)-w-(trimethylsiloxy)poly[oxy(methylsilylene)]
poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane)
methylsilanediol polymer sru,trimethylsilyl-terminated
methicone
methylsilanediol homopolymer,trimethylsilyl-terminated sru
v 24 (siloxane)
c 19b
hms 992
rhodorsil h 68
crosslinker v 24
g 456
sh 1107
mh 1107
methylsilanediol homopolymer, sru,trimethylsilyl-terminated
methyl hydrogen siloxane, trimethylsilyl-terminated
gelest hms 993
polyoxy(methylsilylene), .alpha.-(trimethylsilyl)-.omega.-(trimethylsilyl)oxy-
kf 99b
fluid 1107
methylhydrogensilanediol homopolymer, sru,trimethylsilyl-terminated
kf 99
trimethylsilyl-terminated methyl hydrogen siloxane
baysilone mh 4
tsf 484
trimethylsilyl-terminatedmethylsilanediol homopolymer, sru
methylsilanediol homopolymer, sru,trimethylsiloxy-terminated
q 1040r
poly(methylsiloxane)trimethylsilyl-terminated
pmhs
parasilicone sy 30e
sle 5700
ss 4300c
mh 15 ; syl-off 7048
methyl siloxane,trimethylsilyl-terminated
poly[oxy(methylsilylene)],trimethylsilyl-terminated
ps 120 (siloxane)
poly(methyl hydrogen siloxane) for synth
ps 120
trimethylsiloxy-terminated methylhydrogenpolysiloxane
h-siloxan
kf 99p
ps 122
h 400
trimethylsilyl-terminated hydrogen methyl siloxane
poly[oxy(methylsilylene)],a-(trimethylsilyl)-w-(trimethylsiloxy)- (8ci)
1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetrahydrocyclotetrasiloxanehomopolymer, sru, trimethylsilyl-terminated 2,4,6,8,-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane homopolymer, sru,trimethylsilyl-terminated
36hc
hms 991
rhoximat hd879
dichloromethylsilane hydrolytic homopolymer,trimethylsilyl-terminated sru
v 24
h 400 (siloxane)

DESCRIPTION:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polyoxyethylene (POE)-type nonionic surfactant.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has been used in phospho-buffered saline (PBS) solution for washing tissues.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical applications to stabilize emulsions and suspensions.



CAS NUMBER: 9005-64-5

EC NUMBER: 500-018-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C58H114O26

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 1226.48g/mol



DESCRIPTION:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate consists of sorbitol, ethylene oxide and lauric acid.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has a molecular formula of C58H114O26.
At room temperature, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is in the form of pale yellowto yellow viscous liquid at room temperature.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is an emulsifier with a polysorbate 20 HLB of 16.7.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is great at emulsifying and stabilizing oils in water.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate uses as a solubilizers and penetrants and dispersants in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can also use as a softener, finishing agent, antistatic agent and lubricant in the textile industry.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate consists of a mixture of the partial esters of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides (which have an acid value below 7 and a water content below 0.2%) with edible commercial lauric acid and condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of sorbitol and its anhydrides.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic surfactant.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can be used as increasing solvent, diffusing agent, stabilizing agent, antistatic agent, lubricant etc.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as O/W food emulsifier, used alone or mixed with span -60, span -65 and span -80, which has the ability to increase the absorption of liquid paraffin and other fat-soluble substances for humans.
In pharmaceutical and daily-use chemical industry, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is usually used as solvent increasing, permeating agent and dispersing agent for drugs and cosmetics.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can remove the wax from oil well as a paraffin inhibitor in oil production, and can reduce the flow viscosity of crude oil to improve oil well production and conveying capacity as a viscosity reducer.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate, which can be used as an emulsifier for o/w emulsions and is also a highly effective solubiliser for lipophilic oils.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic surfactant that is widely used as an emulsifier and stabilizer in pharmaceutical formulations, food and cosmetic industries.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate also known as polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate, is a kind of transparent oily liquid from yellow to amber under room temperature, with slightly weak odor and bitter taste.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can miscible with water, ethanol, ethyl ac
Food grade Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate series is widely used in food, medicine and cosmetics industries as emulsifier, stabilizer, thickening agent and wetting agent,as well as applied in many other industries.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a kind of transparent oily liquid from yellow to amber under room temperature, with slightly weak odor and bitter taste;
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can miscible with water, ethanol, ethyl acetate and methanol to become mixed solution, while it is insoluble in liquid paraffin, mineral oil and oil ether; its relative density is 1.08 ~ 1.13, the boiling point of 321℃, the HLB value is 16.7.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a kind of O/W emulsifier, it is widely used as solubilizing agent, stabilizer, lubricant and antistatic agent in food, medicine and cosmetic industries.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as pharmaceutical and cosmetic solubilizing agent, penetrating agent and as dispersing agent in food, medicine and daily chemical industry.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is an emulsifying agent consisting of laurate esters of sorbitol consisting of the monoester condensed with ethylene oxide.
Emulsifying efficacy is increased further when combined with cetyl alcohol or sorbitan stearate.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate acts as dispersing agent and anti-static thickener.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is very useful as solubilizer and stabilizer of essential oils.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-ionic surfactant.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can be used as increasing solvent, diffusing agent, stabilizing agent, antistatic agent, lubricant etc.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as O/W food emulsifier, used alone or mixed with span -60, span -65 and span -80, which has the ability to increase the absorption of liquid paraffin and other fat-soluble substances for humans.
In pharmaceutical and daily-use chemical industry, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is usually used as solvent increasing, permeating agent and dispersing agent for drugs and cosmetics.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can remove the wax from oil well as a paraffin inhibitor in oil production.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has been used in phospho-buffered saline (PBS) solution for washing tissues.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a ubiquitous nonionic surfactant employed in the formulation of countless cosmetic and personal care products.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can function as a solubilizer, emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersing agent or a wetting agent, among other functions.
Beyond personal care, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has similar functions in the formulation and processing of pharmaceuticals, food and beverage products, agricultural chemicals and household and industrial cleaning products.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a complex mixture of laurate esters of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides (sorbitans), consisting predominantly of the monoester condensed with approximately 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan monolaurate.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate's stability and relative nontoxicity allows it to be used as a detergent and emulsifier in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications.
As the name implies, the ethoxylation process leaves the molecule with 20 repeat units of polyethylene glycol; in practice these are distributed across 4 different chains, leading to a commercial product containing a range of chemical species.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a polysorbate-type nonionic surfactant used in many commercial, household and pharmaceutical products.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is composed of 20 repeated units of polyethylene glycol via ethoxylation.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a wetting agent in food products, as well as washing agent, stabilizer and solubilizer in labratory assays and industrial applications.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also an excipient that stabilizes emulsions and suspensions in pharmaceutical products and lubricant in ophthalmic solutions.

Addition of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can modify lignin surface properties to change its hydrophobicity, hydrogen bonding ability and surface charges, thus reducing the non-productive adsorption of proteins.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate added to 0.05 mol/L of phosphate buffer pH 6.5 dramatically increased the apparent solubility of the drug from 0.8 μg/ml even to 353 μg/ml, while its effect in lower pH or in water was much smaller.
The increased concentration of phosphate salts (0.2 mol/l) at pH 6.5 in the presence of 0.7% of Tween 20, resulted in further increase of candesartan cilexetil solubility to 620 μg/ml.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a clear, yellow to amber colored, slightly viscous liquid nominally supplied as 100% active product; however, most grades of this hygroscopic material may contain up to 3% w/w water.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is readily soluble in cold or hot water and has a cloud point in excess of 100°C at 2% w/w.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is nontoxic, nonirritating and remarkably mild to skin and eyes.
Impurities in the material may include nonesterified ethoxylates, e.g. sorbeth-20; unreacted fatty acids, 1,4-dioxane and peroxides formed by auto-oxidation of the PEG chains.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a mild nonionic surfactant formed by the ethoxylation of sorbitan before the addition of lauric acid which is a medium-chain fatty acid found mainly in coconut oil.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is allowed to be used as the emulsifier, detergent, dispersant, solvent and stabilizer, etc. in a number of fields such as pharmaceutical, chemical, food, textile and other industries due to its stability and relative non-toxicity.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is widely applied in biological techniques and sciences, which can be added to buffers and reagents for immunohistochemistry, such as Western blots and ELISAs, helping to prevent non-specific antibody binding, decrease background staining and enhance reagent spreading.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate also has applications in food production as a common food grade additive which are found in many consumables on the market today.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate can also be used as a wetting agent in flavored mouth drops such as Ice Drops, in oral or non-gastrointestinal suspensions and in rubber balers in the elastomer industry.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used for solubilizing membrane proteins during isolation and purification.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as a wetting agent in flavored mouth drops.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate acts as a washing agent in Western blots and ELISAs and prevents antibody binding.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a solubilizing agent of membrane proteins.

In pharmaceutical chemistry, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as an excipient to stabilize emulsions and suspensions.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as a dispersing agent, stabilizer, lubricator and also used in creams, salves, ointments, protective creams, balms, pomades, lipsticks, mascaras and glosses.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a hydrophilic nonionic surfactant generally used as emulsifiers, dispersing agent and solubilizer.
Peroxide formation in Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is of particular concern because it may degrade the purity, performance and appearance of the material and promote degradation of other compounds in a given formulation.

High purity grades of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate minimize peroxide formation by eliminating the bleaching step during manufacturing and by transporting and storing the material in an inert atmosphere, e.g. under nitrogen.
The many uses of Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate in personal care, as previously mentioned, are well-known.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was a key material employed by Griffin in pioneering the development of the HLB system for emulsifier selection more than 60 years ago, a system still used today.
With an HLB value of 16.7, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a potent micro-emulsifier for the solubilization of water-insoluble compounds, e.g. active ingredients, fragrance oils, etc., and in combination with SL, polysorbate 20 is a highly effective o/w emulsifier.

Like other high-HLB ethoxylated nonionic surfactants, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate may be used to decrease the irritation potential of harsh detersive surfactants.
In fact, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was employed in the development of the first baby shampoo products.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used to decrease the viscosity of surfactant solutions, presumably due to its ability to disrupt the formation of entangled worm-like micelles.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is known to deactivate preservatives (parabens) and antimicrobials due to its propensity to sequester these compounds into

Although parabens are the most notable example, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate may also deactivate organic acids such as benzoic acid and sorbic acid as well as benzyl alcohol.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is derived from coconut oil.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a non-toxic, nonionic surfactant/emulsifier and a water-soluble yellowish liquid used as a dispersing agent which allows oil and water to mix without the use of alcohol.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a fragrance solubilizer and stabilizer.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate lubricates and has a soothing effect on the skin.
This skin- safe ingredient is used extensively in oil-in-water emulsions and also for body mists and linen sprays.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate will be found as an ingredient in the majority of body toiletries, cosmetics and wipes now in the market.

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurates are generally used in combination with other emulsifiers such as mono- and diglycerides or sorbitan monostearates for various purposes such as to disperse flavors and colors, to make essential oils and vitamins soluble and to improve volume and texture in baked goods.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate may deactivate antimicrobials such as the cationic surfactants benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate must be used judiciously and the activity of preservatives and antimicrobials should always be verified via the appropriate efficacy tests when used with polysorbate 20.



FOOD APPLICATIONS:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used as a wetting agent in flavored mouth drops such as Ice Drops, helping to provide a spreading feeling to other ingredients like SD alcohol and mint flavor.
The World Health Organization has suggested acceptable daily intake limits of 0–25 mg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters per kg body weight.



BIOTEHCNICAL APPLICATIONS:

In biological techniques and sciences, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has a broad range of applications.
For example, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used:

-as a washing agent in immunoassays, such as Western blots and ELISAs.
-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate helps to prevent non-specific antibody binding.
-In this major application, Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is dissolved in Tris-buffered saline or phosphate buffered saline at dilutions of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v.
-These buffers are used for washes between each immunoreaction, to remove unbound immunologicals, and eventually for incubating solutions of immunoreagents (labeled antibodies) to reduce nonspecific background.
-to saturate binding sites on surfaces (i.e., to coat polystyrene microplates, generally combined with proteins such as BSA).
-to stabilize proteins purified protein derivative (PPD) solution used in skin testing for tuberculosis exposure
-as a solubilizing agent of membrane proteins
-for lysing mammalian cells, at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v, generally combined with other detergents, salts and additives.



INDUSTRIAL AND DOMESTIC APPLICATIONS:

-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used in many brands of baby wipes.
-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is used by philatelists to remove stamps from envelopes and to remove residues from stamps, without harming the stamp -itself.
-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is also used as wetting agent in rubber balers in the elastomer industry.
-Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has been used as a shape directing agent to synthesize spheroidal magnetite nanoassemblies.



FUNCTIONAL USES:

-Emulsifier
-dispersing agent



BENEFITS:

-Suitable for use as solubilizer and emulsifier
-Broad pH range
-Good skin tolerance



PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: Viscous liquid
-CAS No.: 9005-64-5
-SMILES: [Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate]
-description: non-ionic
-Quality Level: 100
-form: liquid
-quality: ampule
-concentration: ~10% in H2O
-impurities: ≤150 μM sulfhydryl oxidizing substances (carbonyls,peroxides)
-refractive index: n20/D 1.347
-density: 1.01 g/mL at 20 °C
-application(s): sample preservation
-InChI: 1S/C26H50O10/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-24(30)34-19-18-31-20-22(32-15-12-27)26-25(35-17-14-29)23(21-36-26)33-16-13-28/h22-23,25-29H,2-21H2,1H3
-InChI key: HMFKFHLTUCJZJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: Colorless - pale yellow, clear - slightly muddy liquid
-Density: about 1.01 degrees C
-Refractive Index: about 1.35 (20 degrees C/D)
-Concentration: 8.0 - 12.0w/v%



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:


-Melting point:98.9 °C (decomp)
-Boiling point: 100 °C
-density: 1.11 g/mL at 20 °C
-vapor pressure: -FEMA: 2915 | POLYSORBATE 20
-refractive index: n20/D 1.468(lit.)
-Fp: >230 °F
-storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
-solubility: 100 g/L
-form: viscous liquid
-color: Amber
-Specific Gravity: 1.090～1.130 (20/20℃)
-PH: 6-8 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
-PH Range: 7
-Odor: mild alcohol odor
-Odor Type: alcoholic
-Water Solubility: 100 g/L
-Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB): 16.7
-Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate is a mixture of laurate partial esters of sorbitol and sorbitol anhydrides condensed with approximately 20 mole of ethylene oxide (C2H4O) for each mole of sorbitol and its mono- and dianhydrides.
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate has a faint, characteristic odor and a warm, somewhat bitter taste.



CHARACTERISTICS:

-Solubility:

Soluble in water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate and dioxane.
Insoluble in mineral oil and petroleum ether


-Infrared absorption:

The infrared spectrum of the sample is characteristic of a partial fatty acid ester of a polyoxyethylated polyol


-Colour reaction:

To 5 ml of a 5% (w/v) aqueous solution of the sample add 10 ml of
ammonium cobaltothiocyanate solution and 5 ml of chloroform, shake well
and allow to separate; a blue colour is produced in the chloroform layer.

-Water: Not more than 3%
-Sulfated ash: Not more than 0.25%, Test 5 g of the sample
-Acid value: Not more than 2
-Saponification value: Not less than 40 and not more than 50
-Hydroxyl value: Not less than 96 and not more than 108



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: pale yellow clear viscous liquid (est)
-Assay: 96.00 to 100.00
-Specific Gravity: 1.09100 to 1.09600 @ 25.00 °C.
-Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 9.078 to 9.120
-Refractive Index: 1.45900 to 1.47000 @ 20.00 °C.
-Acid Value: 3.00 max. KOH/g
-PH Number: 5.71
-Flash Point: > 230.00 °F. TCC ( > 110.00 °C. )
-Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Physical state: Liquid
-Shape: Oily liquid
-Color: Between yellow and orange
-Odor: Characteristic odor
-pH: 4-7.5 （5% aqueous




SPECIFICATIONS:

-Appearance: light yellow to yellow oily liquid
-Moisture: 3% max
-Acid value: 2.0mg KOH/g max
-Saponification value: 40-50mg KOH/g
-Hydroxyl value: 96-108mg KOH/g
-Residue on ignition: 0.25% max
-Pb: 2 mg/kg max
-Oxyethylene: 70-74%




STORAGE:

Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well -ventilated place.
Keep away fromkindling material, heat source and direct sunlight.



SYNONYM:

Polyethylene glycol sorbitan monolaurate solution
Polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate
Polisorbate 20- PS 20
Tween 20
Tween 20
Tween 20 1LT
Twain 20
TWEEN(R) 20 Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 40%
ACRYL/BIS 37.5:1 PREMIXED PWD ULTRA PURE
TWEEN 20 ELECTROPHORESIS GRADE
Polysorbate 20
Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate
7T1F30V5YH
Polyethylene glycol (44) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol (80) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol 4000 sorbitan monolaurate
Polyethylene glycol 500 sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene (10) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene (44) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene (75) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene (80) sorbitan monolaurate
Polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monolaurate
FEMA No. 2915
POE 20 Sorbitan monolaurate
PSML
Polyethylene glycol 2000 Sorbitan Laurate
Polyoxyethylene (4) sorbitan monolaurate
Sorbimacrogol laurate 300
Sorbitan monolaurate, ethoxylated
20s, Polysorbate
Armotan pml-20
CCRIS 699
DTXSID3031949
Dxewmulse poe-sml
E-432
EC 500-018-3
Emsorb 6915
Glycosperse L-20
Glycosperse L-20X
HSDB 7824
Hodag psml-20
INS NO.432
INS-432
Liposorb L-20
PEG-20 SORBITAN
PEG-40 Sorbitan laurate
POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL) DERIVATIVE
POLYSORBATA 20
POLYSORBATE 20 (EP MONOGRAPH)
POLYSORBATE 20 (II)
POLYSORBATE 20 (MART.)
POLYSORBATE 20 (USP-RS)
Peg sorbitan laurate
Peg-20 sorbitan laurate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives
Polyoxyethylene (40) sorbitan laurate
Polyoxyethylene 20 laurate
Polysorbate 20s
Polysorbatum 20
Protasorb L-20
Sorbitan, monododecanoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives
Sorbitan, monododecanote, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives
Sorbitan, monolaurate, polyoxyethylene derivs.
TWEEN-20
UNII-239B50Y732
UNII-31JQ3WOL8T
UNII-4Z93U4C2WN
UNII-59IO08SBZU
UNII-7T1F30V5YH
UNII-I42X3Q0FMF

POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE = PEG-40 STEARATE = POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) MONOSTEARATE


CAS Number: 9004-99-3
EC Number: 618-405-1
MDL Number: MFCD00148007
Chemical Formula: C20H40O3 / HO(CH2CH2O)nOCC17H35


Also known as Polyoxyl 40 Stearate, and PEG-40 Stearate, Polyoxyethylene (40) stearatehas a molecular weight associated with all PEGs.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate's low molecular weight of 40 means that it can penetrate healthy skin, but minimally.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate ,E431, is a synthetic compound, produced from ethylene oxide (a synthetic compound) and stearic acid (a natural fatty acid).


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is FDA approved for limited use as a food additive.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate, also known as ethylene glycol monostearate or octadecanoate 2-hydroxyethyl ester, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty acid esters.
These are carboxylic ester derivatives of a fatty acid.


Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate.
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Stearates (PEG-2 Stearate, PEG-6 Stearate, PEG-8 Stearate, PEG-12 Stearate, PEG-20 Stearate, PEG-32 Stearate, Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate, PEG-50 Stearate, PEG-100 Stearate, PEG-150 Stearate) are esters of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid.
The PEG Stearates are soft to waxy solids that are white to tan in color.


In cosmetics and personal care products, PEG Stearates are used in skin creams, conditioners, shampoos, body cleansers and soapless detergents.
The PEG Stearates clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away.
The Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate are produced from stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
The numerical value of each PEG Stearate corresponds to the average number of ethylene oxide monomers in the polyethylene chain.


Polyethylene glycol ingredients may also be named with a number that indicates molecular weight, for example polyethylene glycol (400) stearate is another name for PEG-8 Stearate.
You have probably noticed that many of cosmetics and personal care products you use have different types of PEGs among ingredients.
PEG, which is the abbreviation of polyethylene glycol, is not a definitive chemical entity in itself, but rather a mixture of compounds, of polymers that have been bonded together.


Polyethylene is the most common form of plastic, and when combined with glycol, it becomes a thick and sticky liquid.
PEGs are almost often followed by a number, for example PEG-6, PEG-8, PEG-100 and so on.
This number represents the approximate molecular weight of that compound.
Typically, cosmetics use PEGs with smaller molecular weights.


The lower the molecular weight, the easier it is for the compound to penetrate the skin.
Often, PEGs are connected to another molecule.
You might see, for example, PEG 100 stearate as an ingredient.
This means that the polyethylene glycol polymer with an approximate molecular weight of 100 is attached chemically to stearic acid.


In cosmetics, PEGs function in three ways: as emollients (which help soften and lubricate the skin), as emulsifiers (which help water-based and oil-based ingredients mix properly), and as vehicles that help deliver other ingredients deeper into the skin.
Polyethylene glycol compounds have not received a lot of attention from consumer groups but they should.
The most important thing to know about PEGs is that they have a penetration enhancing effect, the magnitude of which is dependent upon a variety of variables.


These include: both the structure and molecular weight of the PEG, other chemical constituents in the formula, and, most importantly, the overall health of the skin.
PEGs of all sizes may penetrate through injured skin with compromised barrier function.
So it is very important to avoid products with PEGs if your skin is not in best condition.


Skin penetration enhancing effects have been shown with PEG-2 and PEG-9 stearate.
Unlike typical PEGs, (whose identifying number corresponds to their molecular weight) the numerical value of each PEG Stearate corresponds to the average number of ethylene oxide monomers in the polyethylene chain (from 2 - 150).
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a common water-loving surfactant and emulsifier that helps to keep water and oil mixed nicely together.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a hydrophilic emulsifier, and plant-derived.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is white to light yellow, waxy solid or powder.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a very hydrophilic emulsifier, stabilizer, solubilizer, anti-gellant and lubricant.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is an ester mixture of polyethylene glycol and stearic acid. PEG-40 Stearate is a vegetable based emulsifier for cosmetic O/W emulsions.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is compatible with higher concentrations of electrolytes.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a white, waxy, flaked solid, and has a color (Gardner) of 2.0 max., a hydroxyl value of 27.0-40.0m and a saponification value of 25.00-35.00.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is an emulsifier for cosmetic O/W emulsions and is compatible with higher concentrations of electrolytes.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate may or may not be vegan.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a PEG compound of Stearic Acid, used in cosmetics as an emulsifier.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a synthetic polymer composed of PEG (polyethylene glycol) and stearic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is the polyethylene glycol ester of stearic acid with an average of 40 repeating units of ethylene glycol.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is an emulsifier for oil in water emulsions, a cleansing agent and a solubilized.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a nonionic surface active agent produced by the polyethoxylation of high quality fatty acids.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is based upon stearic acid containing 40 moles of ethylene oxide.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
PEGs of a wide molecular weight range (200 to over 10,000), their ethers (laureths. ceteths, ceteareths, steareths, and oleths), and fatty acid esters (laurates, dilaurates, stearates, distearates) are safe for use in cosmetics.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used Emulsifier - An agent that forms or preserves a mixture of substances normally incapable of being mixed eg. oil and water


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is commonly used as an emulsifier and a surfactant in pharmaceutical formulations.
Uses of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate: Processed foods, frozen desserts
Other Uses of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate: Hand cream and lotion


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a non-ionic emulsifying agent that can modulate multidrug resistance and enhances antitumor activity of vinblastine sulfate by modulating substrate-stimulated P-gp ATPase activity; inhibits P-gp mediated efflux in a concentration-dependent manner in Caco-2 cells, also shows potential inhibitory activitites agasint CYP2C9 and CYP2C19.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and emulsifier.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate occurs naturally as a white, waxy or flaky substance, according to The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used in cosmetics and skin care formulas because it can "clean the skin and hair by helping water to mix with oil and dirt so that they can be rinsed away."


Function & characteristics of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate are Emulsifier
Products of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate are Bakery products, puddings, etc.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations as an emulsifier and a surfactant.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is commonly used as an emulsifier and a surfactant in pharmaceutical formulations.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used typically functions as a cleansing agent in skin care formulas.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate can also be used as a thickener/texture enhancer or to help keep ingredients soluble.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is known to enhance the penetration of other key ingredients.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate has long history of safe cosmetic use


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate typically functions as a cleansing agent in skin care formulas, but it can also be used as a thickener/texture enhancer or to help keep ingredients soluble.
You can find Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate in all kinds of skin care products including cleansers, creams, exfoliants, and serums.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate has a long history of cosmetic use and has passed safety assessments conducted by groups such as the Cosmetic

Higher amounts of this stearate have humectant (moisture-binding) properties.
Industry Primarily Uses of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate are Cosmetics, Pharmaceuticals, Inks & Coatings
Product Categories of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate are Emulsifier, Lubricant, Solubilizer, Stabilizer
Product Applications of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate are AP/DEO, Body Care, Eye Care, Face Care, Hair Care, Hair Cleansing, Hair Conditioning,

Used in Hair Styling, Hand & Nail Care, Skin Care, Sun Protection.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used as a surfactant and cleansing agent.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate can be used as a primary emulsifier for a variety of emollient oils and waxes, particularly in creams, lotions, shampoos, deodorants and makeup.


Chemical Function of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is Emulsifier
Product Applications of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate are Body Care, Body Color, Concealers, Face Care, Foundations, Hand & Nail Care, Skin Care
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate should be used in combination with consistency-providing substances for the formation of viscosity-enhancing gel structures in the external water phase.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used to emulsify solvents in cosmetic formulas, can contribute to improved product texture, and in larger quantities it can also be a cleaning agent.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate can be animal-derived or synthetic; LNDA uses only synthetic form.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is one of the many PEG compounds that are considered safe as used in cosmetics.


Classification of Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is PEG/PPG , Ethoxylated compound , Glycol , Synthetic polymer , Nonionic surfactant
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and cleansing agent.
However, Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is also seen as an emollient, because of secondary properties.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is not considered to be an irritant or sensitizer (it gave only minimal irritation in studies up to 100%), and are


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is commonly used as an emulsifier and a surfactant in pharmaceutical formulations.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used as a surfactant, emulsifier (cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textile finishes, defoamers, and baked goods), dye assistant, lubricant, and antistatic agent.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is also used in dentifrice compositions and to make creams, lotions, ointments, and pharmaceutical preparations.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used in skin care.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used in cosmetics and beauty products primarily as a surfactant and cleansing agent
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate typically functions as a cleansing agent.


Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is a nonionic emulsifier, suitable to obtain O/W cream and lotions,also can be used as stabilizer for skin care.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is used as an excellent emulsifying ability, suitable for the emulsification of mineral oil(eg: white oil), nature oil, stearyl and etc.
Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate can obtain a steady system when used alone.



FEATURES of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
*Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is an O/W emulsifier, an ingredient that enables the formation of an emulsion.
*Emulsion is a physicochemical form that is created by combining (mixing) the water phase with the oil phase.
Examples of cosmetic emulsions are creams, lotions, balms.
*A foam-forming substance that stabilizes and improves the quality of foam in a mixture with anionic surfactants.
*Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate acts as a rheology modifier (i.e. it improves the consistency causing an increase in viscosity) in washing preparations containing anionic surfactants, thanks to the formation of the so-called mixed micelles.
*Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate acts as a solubilizer, i.e. it enables the introduction of substances that are insoluble or sparingly soluble in water, e.g. fragrance compositions, plant extracts, fatty substances, into the aqueous solution.



FUNCTIONS of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
*Used as Anti-foaming Agent, Defoamer which Reduces or hinders the formation of foam.
*Used as Binder which is aStabilizer - Retains the physical characteristics of food/cosmetics and ensure the mixture remains in an even state.
*Used as Emulsifier which Allows water and oils to remain mixed together to form an emulsion.
*Used as Surfactant which Reduces the surface tension to allow mixtures to be formed evenly. Emulsifier is a specific type of surfactant which allows two liquids to mix together evenly
*Polyethylene Glycol Stearate is an ester of Stearic Acid (a naturally occurring fatty acid).
*Also referred to as Polyoxyethylene Stearate.
*Polyethylene Glycol is made from Ethylene Glycol monomers.
*This polymer then reacts with Stearic Acid to form Polyethylene Glycol Stearate.
*As a food additive, it has E number 431.
*Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate can be found in bread to give a soft texture and may also be found in some wines.
*Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate is approved to use as food additive in EU.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Primary alcohols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
*Fatty acid ester
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



FUNCTIONAL CLASS of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
*Food Additives
*EMULSIFIER



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
Water Solubility: 0.00026 g/L
logP: 7.86
logP: 6.6
logS: -6.1
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.1
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.8
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 46.53 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 19
Refractivity: 97.35 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 43.82 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: No
Rule of Five: No
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: No
MDDR-like Rule: No

Molecular Weight: 328.53
Appearance Form: solid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range:
No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 438.00 to 439.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 328.00 °F. TCC ( 164.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 7.629 (est)
Melting Point: 47°C
Flash Point: 39°C
Density: 0.913 g/cm³
Appearance: Light amber semiSolid
Storage: Keep tightly closed in a cool place in a tightly closed container.
Assay: 0.99
Stability: Stable.



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Storage stability
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
POLYOXYL (40) STEARATE
POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) MONOSTEARATE
Myrj 52 ; Polyethylene Glycol (40) Monostearate ; PEG-40 Stearate
2-Hydroxyethyl stearate
Clindrol seg
Emerest 2350
Empilan 2848
Ethylene glycol monostearate
Ethylene glycol stearate
Glycol monostearate
Glycol stearate
Ivorit
Lipo egms
Monthybase
Monthyle
Octadecanoic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester
Octadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester
Parastarin
Prodhybas N
Prodhybase ethyl
S 151
Sedetol
Stearic acid, monoester with ethylene glycol
USAF ke-11
Macrogol ester
Polyoxyl stearate
Polyoxyl 40 stearate
Polyoxyl 50 stearate
Myrj 52
2-Hydroxyethyl stearic acid
Ethylene glycol monostearic acid
Ethylene glycol stearic acid
Glycol monostearic acid
Glycol stearic acid
Octadecanoate 2-hydroxyethyl ester
Octadecanoate, 2-hydroxyethyl ester
Stearate, monoester with ethylene glycol
Polyoxyl stearic acid
Polyoxyl 40 stearic acid
Polyoxyl 50 stearic acid
Polyoxyethylene 40 monostearic acid
Polyoxyl 8 stearate
Polyoxyl 8 stearic acid
17-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadec-1-yl octadecanoate
2-Hydroxyethyl octadecanoate
Akyporox S 100
Arosurf 1855E40
Cerasynt 660
Cerasynt m
Cerasynt MN
Cithrol 10MS
Cithrol PS
Clearate g
Cremophor a
EM
Emanon 3113
Emanon 3199
Emcol H 35-a
Emerest 2640
Empilan CP-100
Empilan CQ-100
Emulphor VT-650
Emunon 3115
Ethofat 60/15
Ethofat 60/20
Ethofat 60/25
Ethoxylated stearic acid
Ethylene glycol monostearate se
Ethylene glycol, monostearate
Glycol monostearate se
Glycol polyethylene monostearate #200
Glycol stearate se
Glycol, polyethylene monostearate #200
Glycol, polyethylene monostearate #6000
Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate
Ionet MS-1000
kessco X-211
Lactine
Lamacit ca
Lipal 15S
Lipal 400-S
lipo-Peg 4-S
Macrogol stearate 2000
Magi 45
MYRJ
Myrj 45
Myrj 49
Myrj 51
Myrj 52S
Myrj 53
Myrj 59
Nikkol mys
Nikkol mys 4
Nikkol mys 40
Nikkol mys 45
Nikkol mys-25
Nissan nonion S 15
Nissan nonion S-2
Nonex 28
Nonex 29
Nonex 36
Nonex 53
Nonex 54
Nonex 63
Nonion S 15
Nonion S 2
Nonion S 4
PEG 100MS
PEG 600MS
Peg stearate
PEG-10 stearate
PEG-150 stearate
PEG-40 stearate
PEG-8 stearate
Pegosperse S 9
Perphinol 45/100
PMS no. 1
PMS no. 2
Poly(oxyethylene) monostearate
Poly(oxyethylene) stearate
Poly(oxyethylene) stearic acid ester
Polyethylene glycol (100) monostearate
Polyethylene glycol 8 monostearate
Polyethylene glycol monostearate
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #1000
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #200
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #40
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #400
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #6000
Polyethylene glycol stearate
Polyethylene oxide monostearate
Polyethylene oxide stearate
Polyethyleneglycols monostearate
Polyethyleneglycols monstearate
Polyoxyethylate (9) stearic acid
Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate
Polyoxyethylene 40 stearate
Polyoxyethylene 50 stearate
Polyoxyethylene monostearate
Polyoxyethylene stearate (mol. wt. 600-2000)
Polyoxyethylene(8)stearate
Polyoxyethylene-(40)-monostearate
Polyoxyethylene-8-monostearate
Polyoxyl 40 stearate (JP15/nf)
Polystate
Polystate b
Prodhybase 4000
Prodhybase P
Slovasol MKS 16
Soromin-SG
Stabilisant delta-118
Stearic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester
Stearic acid, monoester with polyethylene glycol
Stearoks 6
Stearoks 920
Stearox 6
Stearox 920
Stearoxa-6
Stenol 8
Tegin g
tego-Stearate
Trydet sa 40
Trydet sa series
PEG-stearate
Cremophor S9
Stearox-6
Macrogolstearate 400
Polyethyleneglycol stearate
17-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadec-1-yl octadecanoate
26-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxahexacos-1-yl octadecanoate
41-Hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,-27,30,33,36,39-tridecaoxahentetr- acont-1-yl octadecanoate
Macrogol stearate 2000
Octadecanoic acid, 17-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15-pentaoxaheptadec-1-yl ester
Octadecanoic acid, 26-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24-octaoxahexacos-1-yl ester
Octadecanoic acid, 41-hydroxy-3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39-tridecaoxahentetra- cont-1-yl ester
PEG-10 Stearate
Polyethylene glycol monostearate
Polyoxyl 40 Stearate
Polyoxyl 8 stearate
40S
60S
Akyporox S 100
Arosurf 1855E40
Carbowax 1000 monostearate
Carbowax 4000 monostearate
Cerasynt 660
Cerasynt M
Cerasynt MN
Cithrol 10MS
Cithrol PS
Clearate G
Cremophor A
Crill 20,21,22,23
Emanon 3113
Emanon 3199
Emcol H 35-A
Emerest 2640
Emery 15393
Empilan CP-100
Empilan CQ-100
Emulphor VT-650
Emunon 3115
Ethofat 60/15
Ethofat 60/20
Ethofat 60/25
Ethoxylated stearic acid
Glycol polyethylene monostearate #200
Glycol, polyethylene monostearate #6000
Glycols, polyethylene, monostearate
Ionet MS-1000
Kessco X-211
LX 3
Lactine
Lamacit CA
Lipal 15S
Lipal 400-S
Lipo-Peg 4-S
MYRJ 45
MYS 40
MYS 45
Magi 45
Myrj
Myrj 49
Myrj 51
Myrj 52
Myrj 52S
Myrj 53
Myrj solution
Nikkol MYS
Nikkol MYS 4
Nikkol MYS 40
Nikkol MYS 45
Nikkol MYS-25
Nissan Nonion S 15
Nissan Nonion S-2
Nonex 28
Nonex 29
Nonex 36
Nonex 53
Nonex 54
Nonex 63
Nonion S 15
Nonion S 2
Nonion S 4
PEG 1000MS
PEG 100MS
PEG 42
PEG 600MS
PEG stearate
PEG-150 Stearate
PEG-40 Stearate
PEG-8 Stearate
PMS No. 1
PMS No. 2
Pegosperse S 9
Perphinol 45/100
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-1-(oxooctadecyl)-omega-hydroxy-
Poly(oxyethylene) stearate
Poly(oxyethylene) stearic acid ester
Polyethylene glycol (100) monostearate
Polyethylene glycol 8 monostearate
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #1000
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #200
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #400
Polyethylene glycol monostearate #6000
Polyethylene oxide monostearate
Polyethylene oxide stearate
Polyethyleneglycols monostearate
Polyethyleneglycols monstearate
Polyoxyethylate (9) stearic acid
Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate
Polyoxyethylene 40 stearate
Polyoxyethylene 50 stearate
Polyoxyethylene monostearate
Polyoxyethylene stearate (mol. Wt. 600-2000)
Polyoxyethylene(8)stearate
Polyoxyethylene-(40)-monostearate
Polyoxyethylene-8-monostearate
Polyoxyl 40 Stearate
Polyoxyl 50 stearate
Polystate
Polystate B
Prodhybase 4000
Prodhybase P
S 1004
S 1012
S 1016
S 1042
S 1054
S 1116
S 541
Slovasol MKS 16
Soromin-SG
Stabilisant Delta-118
Stearic acid, monoester with polyethylene glycol
Stearoks 6
Stearoks 920
Stearox 6
Stearox 920
Stearoxa-6
Stenol 8
Trydet SA 40
Trydet SA series
X-489-R
alpha-(1-Oxooctadecyl)-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)
9004-99-3
INS-431
PEG-40 STEARATE
PEG-40 STEARATE [INCI]
PEG-40 STEARATE [VANDF]
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (40 DP) MONOSTEARATE
POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE
POLYOXYETHYLENE(40)MONOSTEARATE
POLYOXYL 40 MONOSTEARYL - 40 MONOSTEARYATE
POLYO4 NO.431
9004-99-3
E-431
INS NO.431
INS-431
PEG-40 STEARATE [INCI]
PEG-40 STEARATE [VANDF]
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (40 DP) MONOSTEARATE
POLYOXYETHYLENE (40) STEARATE
POLYOXYETHYLENE(40)MONOSTEARATE
POLYOXYL 40 MONOSTEARATE
POLYOXYL(40)STEARATE

SYNONYMS Tween® 80; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monooleate; POE (20) sorbitan monooleate; Polysorbate 80; CAS NO. 9005-65-6

SYNONYMS Tween® 60; POE (20) sorbitan monostearate; Polysorbate 60; Polyoxyethylene Sorbitan Monostearate; CAS NO. 9005-67-8

POLYOXYETHYLENE STEARATE N° CAS : 9004-99-3 Nom INCI : POLYOXYETHYLENE STEARATE

algon ST 400 2- hydroxyethyl octadecanoate (peg-40) lipopeg 39-S lipopeg 39-S flakes myrj S40 nikkol MYS-40MV nikkol MYS-40V pegosperse 1750 MS pegosperse 1750-MS poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-(1-oxooctadecyl)-.omega.-hydroxy- (40 mol EO average molar ratio) polyethylene glycol (40) monostearate polyethylene glycol (40) stearate polyoxyethylene (40) monostearate polyoxyethylene (40) stearate polyoxyl 40 stearate NF grade polyoxyl 40 stearate regular grade CAS Number: 9004-99-3

Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is a surfactant that belongs to the class of polyoxyethylene ethers.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is majorly used in pharmaceutical applications to improve the solubility of the drugs.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether can also be grafted on a variety of surfaces to enhance the intracellular uptake of dyes.

CAS: 9005-00-9
MF: C20H42O2
MW: 314.54628
EINECS: 500-017-8

Non-ionic surfactants widely used in emulsion formulations as emulsifying agents.
They have also been reported as stabilisers in microemulsions and multiple emulsions.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether can be used as an excipient, such as Emulsifier and solubilizer for emulsions and creams, etc.
Pharmaceutical excipients, or pharmaceutical auxiliaries, refer to other chemical substances used in the pharmaceutical process other than pharmaceutical ingredients.
Pharmaceutical excipients generally refer to inactive ingredients in pharmaceutical preparations, which can improve the stability, solubility and processability of pharmaceutical preparations.
Pharmaceutical excipients also affect the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) processes of co-administered drugs.

Properties: Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is admired for its performance enhancing effects in tasks ranging from emulsification, wetting, detergency, solubilization and defoaming.
Industries: Predominantly used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, industrial cleaning, textile, ink and print, and laboratory research.
Applications: Widely utilized in drug formulations, detergent production, and raw material processing.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is often used as a wetting agent in textiles or as an emulsifier in personal care products.
Recognition: Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is well-documented in peer-reviewed papers and technical documents, highlighting its effectiveness, versatility, and safety.

Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is the polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol with an average of 20 repeating units of ethylene glycol.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is an emulsifier for oil-in-water emulsions and a solubilizer.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is useful in a wide range of personal care products and cosmetics and is compatible with all types of oils and actives.
Since Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is a completely saturated solid material, it is very stable and has an HLB of about 14-16.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether can be combined with other surfactants to achieve any required HLB.

Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether Chemical Properties
Melting point: 56-60 °C
Boiling point: 100 °C
Density: 0.964 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
Fp: >230 °F
Solubility: propylene glycol and xylene: insoluble
Form: pellets
Color: white
Specific Gravity: 0.893
Odor: at 100.00?%. bland
Water Solubility: 50ng/L at 20℃
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChI: InChI=1S/C20H42O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-19-22-20-18-21/h21H,2-20H2,1H3
InChIKey: ICIDSZQHPUZUHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.07
EPA Substance Registry System: Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether (9005-00-9)

Uses
An essential component in the cosmetics and personal care industry, Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is widely used in manufacturing different products such as shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether's excellent emulsifying properties ensure stable and creamy formulations for user satisfaction.
In pharmaceutical production, Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether acts as a solubilizing agent, significantly improving the solubility and bioavailability of drugs, an effect of its innate non-ionic nature and enhanced compatibility with other substances.
In the field of agrochemicals, Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether's used to maximize the dispersion and effectiveness of products like pesticides and herbicides, aiding the provision of reliable suspension formulations.

Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether's a key element in creating industrial cleaning solutions, helping in efficient removal of dirt, oil, and other surface contaminants.
Paints and coatings industry utilizes Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether to augment substrate wetting and dispersion properties.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether also stabilizes pigment particles to achieve vibrant color quality and resilience.
In textile and leather manufacture, Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether acts as an efficient wetting agent and emulsifier, ensuring a smooth production of high-quality textiles and leather products.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether being non-toxic, it mandates careful handling to avoid potential risk.

Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is available in a variety of forms, such as powder, flakes and liquid, suitable for divergent application needs.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether stands out due to its matchless purity, assuring unrivaled performance for various formulation needs.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is a polyethylene glycol ether made from stearic acid.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is used as an emulsifier in cosmetics and personal care products, including makeup, lotions, personal clean products, as well as fragrance, skin, eye and hair care products.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether is diffused in water and has good emulsifying and cleaning performance.
Polyoxyl 20 Cetostearyl Ether can be used as emulsifier in cosmetics, ointment, paste shoe polish and other products, and has the function of thickening.
In the textile industry, emulsifiers and oils used in the finishing of synthetic fibers have softness and antistatic properties.
As a thickening agent and stabilizer in paper starch coating.
Lubricant for multiple transmission wires in cable ducts.

Synonyms
2-(Octadecyloxy)ethanol
2136-72-3
2-Octadecoxyethanol
Ethanol, 2-(octadecyloxy)-
Ethylene glycol monooctadecyl ether
Ethanol,2-(octadecyloxy)-
POE (10) stearyl alcohol ether
2-(octadecyloxy)ethan-1-ol
C20H42O2
Steareth-21
2-Octadecyloxyethanol
2-(octadecyloxy) ethanol
2-(octadecyloxy)-ethanol
DSSTox_CID_9299
DSSTox_RID_78754
DSSTox_GSID_29299
SCHEMBL490673
CHEMBL3181944
DTXSID60858842
AMY36496
EINECS 218-374-0
Tox21_202772
MFCD00043351
AKOS015839820
AS-2008
HEXADECANOIC-7,7,8,8-D4ACID
NCGC00260319-01
PD160410
CAS-9005-00-9
A4605
BB 0256761
CS-0318307
FT-0682442
D08975
F20467
F77844

POLYOXYMETHYLENE UREA N° CAS : 68611-64-3 / 9011-05-6 Nom INCI : POLYOXYMETHYLENE UREA N° EINECS/ELINCS : 271-898-1 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent de foisonnement : Réduit la densité apparente des cosmétiques

PPA; Condensed phosphoric acid; EINECS 232-417-0; HSDB 1176; Phospholeum; Superphosphoric acid; Tetraphosphoric acid CAS NO:8017-16-1

PPA; orthophosphoric acid; E338; antioxidant CAS NO: 8017-16-1

SYNONYMS 1,2-Propanediol, Propylene glycol;(.+-.)-1,2-Propanediol;(.+-.)-Propylene glycol;(RS)-1,2-Propanediol;1,2-(RS)-Propanediol;1,2-DIHYDROXYPROPANE;1,2-PROPANDIOL;1,2-Propanediol;1,2-Propylene glycol;1,2-PROPYLENEGLYCOL CAS NO:57-55-6

Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) IUPAC Name 12-[(2S,3R)-3-octyloxiran-2-yl]dodecanoic acid Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) InChI InChI=1S/C22H42O3/c1-2-3-4-5-11-14-17-20-21(25-20)18-15-12-9-7-6-8-10-13-16-19-22(23)24/h20-21H,2-19H2,1H3,(H,23,24)/t20-,21+/m1/s1 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) InChI Key NSYDMBURIUSUDH-RTWAWAEBSA-N Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Canonical SMILES CCCCCCCCC1C(O1)CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Isomeric SMILES CCCCCCCC[C@@H]1[C@@H](O1)CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Molecular Formula C22H42O3 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) CAS 9003-07-0 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID00872805 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) MeSH Entry Terms celgard Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Physical Description Polypropylene is a tan to white odorless solid. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Hence floats on water. Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Color/Form TRANSLUCENT WHITE SOLID Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Odor ODORLESS Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Density 0.9 at 68 °F Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Stability/Shelf Life POOR RESISTANCE TO SUNLIGHT WHEN UNSTABILIZED /ISOTACTIC FORM/ Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Molecular Weight 354.6 g/mol Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) XLogP3-AA 8.3 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 1 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Rotatable Bond Count 19 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Exact Mass 354.313395 g/mol Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Monoisotopic Mass 354.313395 g/mol Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Topological Polar Surface Area 49.8 Ų Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Heavy Atom Count 25 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Formal Charge 0 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Complexity 316 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Isotope Atom Count 0 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 2 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 Polypropylene Fiber(Polipropilen Elyaf) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Polypropylene (PP), also known as polypropene, is a thermoplastic polymer used in a wide variety of applications. It is produced via chain-growth polymerization from the monomer propylene.Polypropylene belongs to the group of polyolefins and is partially crystalline and non-polar. Its properties are similar to polyethylene, but it is slightly harder and more heat resistant. It is a white, mechanically rugged material and has a high chemical resistance.Polypropylene is the second-most widely produced commodity plastic (after polyethylene). In 2019, the global market for polypropylene was worth $126.03 billion.Revenues are expected to exceed US$145 billion by 2019. The sales of this material are forecast to grow at a rate of 5.8% per year until 2021.Phillips Petroleum chemists J. Paul Hogan and Robert Banks first demonstrated the polymerization of propylene in 1951.The stereoselective polymerization to the isotactic was discovered by Giulio Natta and Karl Rehn in March 1954.This pioneering discovery led to large-scale commercial production of isotactic polypropylene by the Italian firm Montecatini from 1957 onwards.Syndiotactic polypropylene was also first synthesized by Natta.Polypropylene is in many aspects similar to polyethylene, especially in solution behaviour and electrical properties. The methyl group improves mechanical properties and thermal resistance, although the chemical resistance decreases.The properties of polypropylene depend on the molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, crystallinity, type and proportion of comonomer (if used) and the isotacticity.[7] In isotactic polypropylene, for example, the methyl groups are oriented on one side of the carbon backbone. This arrangement creates a greater degree of crystallinity and results in a stiffer material that is more resistant to creep than both atactic polypropylene and polyethylene.The density of (PP) is between 0.895 and 0.92 g/cm³. Therefore, PP is the commodity plastic with the lowest density. With lower density, moldings parts with lower weight and more parts of a certain mass of plastic can be produced. Unlike polyethylene, crystalline and amorphous regions differ only slightly in their density. However, the density of polyethylene can significantly change with fillers.The Young's modulus of PP is between 1300 and 1800 N/mm².Polypropylene is normally tough and flexible, especially when copolymerized with ethylene. This allows polypropylene to be used as an engineering plastic, competing with materials such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Polypropylene is reasonably economical.[citation needed]Polypropylene has good resistance to fatigue.The melting point of polypropylene occurs in a range, so the melting point is determined by finding the highest temperature of a differential scanning calorimetry chart. Perfectly isotactic PP has a melting point of 171 °C (340 °F). Commercial isotactic PP has a melting point that ranges from 160 to 166 °C (320 to 331 °F), depending on atactic material and crystallinity. Syndiotactic PP with a crystallinity of 30% has a melting point of 130 °C (266 °F).[9] Below 0 °C, PP becomes brittle.The thermal expansion of PP is very large, but somewhat less than that of polyethylene.Polypropylene at room temperature is resistant to fats and almost all organic solvents, apart from strong oxidants. Non-oxidizing acids and bases can be stored in containers made of PP. At elevated temperature, PP can be dissolved in nonpolar solvents such as xylene, tetralin and decalin. Due to the tertiary carbon atom PP is chemically less resistant than PE (see Markovnikov rule).Most commercial polypropylene is isotactic and has an intermediate level of crystallinity between that of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). Isotactic & atactic polypropylene is soluble in p-xylene at 140 °C. Isotactic precipitates when the solution is cooled to 25 °C and atactic portion remains soluble in p-xylene.The melt flow rate (MFR) or melt flow index (MFI) is a measure of molecular weight of polypropylene. The measure helps to determine how easily the molten raw material will flow during processing. Polypropylene with higher MFR will fill the plastic mold more easily during the injection or blow-molding production process. As the melt flow increases, however, some physical properties, like impact strength, will decrease.There are three general types of polypropylene: homopolymer, random copolymer, and block copolymer. The comonomer is typically used with ethylene. Ethylene-propylene rubber or EPDM added to polypropylene homopolymer increases its low temperature impact strength. Randomly polymerized ethylene monomer added to polypropylene homopolymer decreases the polymer crystallinity, lowers the melting point and makes the polymer more transparent. It is theoretically possible to add an agent that strengthens the fibers before they degrade too far to enable the removal of the mesh. This idea has not been tested or verified. The concept is not dissimilar to adding super glue to a spiderweb so that it doesn't fall apart when removed from its place of creation. If this concept is approved it could help many who have had their lives change with the degradation of vaginal pelvic meshes.The term tacticity describes for polypropylene how the methyl group is oriented in the polymer chain. Commercial polypropylene is usually isotactic. This article therefore always refers to isotactic polypropylene, unless stated otherwise. The tacticity is usually indicated in percent, using the isotactic index (according to DIN 16774). The index is measured by determining the fraction of the polymer insoluble in boiling heptane. Commercially available polypropylenes usually have an isotactic index between 85 and 95%. The tacticity effects the polymers physical properties. As the methyl group is in isotactic propylene consistently located at the same side, it forces the macromolecule in a helical shape, as also found in starch. An isotactic structure leads to a semi-crystalline polymer. The higher the isotacticity (the isotactic fraction), the greater the crystallinity, and thus also the softening point, rigidity, e-modulus and hardness.Atactic polypropylene, on the other hand, lacks any regularity which makes it unable to crystallize and amorphous.Crystal structure of polypropylene.Isotactic polypropylene has a high degree of crystallinity, in industrial products 30–60%. Syndiothactic polypropylene is slightly less crystalline, atactic PP is amorphous (not crystalline).Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) Isotactic polypropylene can exist in various crystalline modifications which differ by the molecular arrangement of the polymer chains. The crystalline modifications are categorized into the α-, β- and γ-modification as well as mesomorphic (smectic) forms.The α-modification is predominant in iPP. Such crystals are built from lamellae in the form of folded chains. A characteristic anomaly is that the lamellae are arranged in the so-called "cross-hatched" structure.The melting point of α-crystalline regions is given as 185 to 220 °C, the density as 0.936 to 0.946 g·cm−3. The β-modification is in comparison somewhat less ordered, as a result of which it forms faster and has a lower melting point of 170 to 200 °C. The formation of the β-modification can be promoted by nucleating agents, suitable temperatures and shear stress.The γ-modification is hardly formed under the conditions used in industry and is poorly understood. The mesomorphic modification, however, occurs often in industrial processing, since the plastic is usually cooled quickly. The degree of order of the mesomorphic phase ranges between the crystalline and the amorphous phase, its density is with 0.916 g·cm−3 comparatively. The mesomorphic phase is considered as cause for the transparency in rapidly cooled films (due to low order and small crystallites).Syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) Syndiotactic polypropylene was discovered much later than isotactic PP and could only be prepared by using metallocene catalysts. Syndiotactic PP has a lower melting point, with 161 to 186 °C, depending on the degree of tacticity.Atactic polypropylene (aPP) Atactic polypropylene is amorphous and has therefore no crystal structure. Due to its lack of crystallinity, it is readily soluble even at moderate temperatures, which allows to separate it as by-product from isotactic polypropylene by extraction. However, the aPP obtained this way is not completely amorphous but can still contain 15% crystalline parts. Atactic polypropylene can also be produced selectively using metallocene catalysts, atactic polypropylene produced this way has a considerably higher molecular weight.Atactic polypropylene has lower density, melting point and softening temperature than the crystalline types and is tacky and rubber-like at room temperature. It is a colorless, cloudy material and can be used between ��15 and +120 °C. Atactic polypropylene is used as a sealant, as an insulating material for automobiles and as an additive to bitumen.Copolymers Polypropylene copolymers are in use as well. A particularly important one is polypropylene random copolymer (PPR or PP-R), a random copolymer with polyethylene used for plastic pipework.PP-RCT Polypropylene random cristallinity temperature (PP-RCT), also used for plastic pipework, is a new form of this plastic. It achieves higher strength at high temperature by β-crystallization.Degradation Effect of UV exposure on polypropylene rope Polypropylene is liable to chain degradation from exposure to temperatures above 100 °C. Oxidation usually occurs at the tertiary carbon centers leading to chain breaking via reaction with oxygen. In external applications, degradation is evidenced by cracks and crazing. It may be protected by the use of various polymer stabilizers, including UV-absorbing additives and anti-oxidants such as phosphites (e.g. tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl)phosphite) and hindered phenols, which prevent polymer degradation.[1]Microbial communities isolated from soil samples mixed with starch have been shown to be capable of degrading polypropylene.[31] Polypropylene has been reported to degrade while in human body as implantable mesh devices. The degraded material forms a tree bark-like layer at the surface of mesh fibers.[32]Optical properties PP can be made translucent when uncolored but is not as readily made transparent as polystyrene, acrylic, or certain other plastics. It is often opaque or colored using pigments.The properties of PP are strongly affected by its tacticity, the orientation of the methyl groups (CH3 in the figure) relative to the methyl groups in neighboring monomer units. A Ziegler–Natta catalyst is able to restrict linking of monomer molecules to a specific orientation, either isotactic, when all methyl groups are positioned at the same side with respect to the backbone of the polymer chain, or syndiotactic, when the positions of the methyl groups alternate. Commercially available isotactic polypropylene is made with two types of Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The first group of the catalysts encompasses solid (mostly supported) catalysts and certain types of soluble metallocene catalysts. Such isotactic macromolecules coil into a helical shape; these helices then line up next to one another to form the crystals that give commercial isotactic polypropylene many of its desirable properties.A ball-and-stick model of syndiotactic polypropylene.Another type of metallocene catalysts produce syndiotactic polypropylene. These macromolecules also coil into helices (of a different type) and crystallize. Atactic polypropylene is an amorphous rubbery material. It can be produced commercially either with a special type of supported Ziegler-Natta catalyst or with some metallocene catalysts.Modern supported Ziegler-Natta catalysts developed for the polymerization of propylene and other 1-alkenes to isotactic polymers usually use TiCl4 as an active ingredient and MgCl2 as a support.The catalysts also contain organic modifiers, either aromatic acid esters and diesters or ethers. These catalysts are activated with special cocatalysts containing an organoaluminum compound such as Al(C2H5)3 and the second type of a modifier. The catalysts are differentiated depending on the procedure used for fashioning catalyst particles from MgCl2 and depending on the type of organic modifiers employed during catalyst preparation and use in polymerization reactions. Two most important technological characteristics of all the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions. Commercial synthesis of isotactic polypropylene is usually carried out either in the medium of liquid propylene or in gas-phase reactors.Commercial synthesis of syndiotactic polypropylene is carried out with the use of a special class of metallocene catalysts. They employ bridged bis-metallocene complexes of the type bridge-(Cp1)(Cp2)ZrCl2 where the first Cp ligand is the cyclopentadienyl group, the second Cp ligand is the fluorenyl group, and the bridge between the two Cp ligands is -CH2-CH2-, >SiMe2, or >SiPh2.These complexes are converted to polymerization catalysts by activating them with a special organoaluminum cocatalyst, methylaluminoxane (MAO).[38]Traditionally, three manufacturing processes are the most representative ways to produce polypropylene.Hydrocarbon slurry or suspension: Uses a liquid inert hydrocarbon diluent in the reactor to facilitate transfer of propylene to the catalyst, the removal of heat from the system, the deactivation/removal of the catalyst as well as dissolving the atactic polymer. The range of grades that could be produced was very limited. (The technology has fallen into disuse).Bulk slurry (or bulk): Uses liquid propylene instead of liquid inert hydrocarbon diluent. The polymer does not dissolve into a diluent, but rather rides on the liquid propylene. The formed polymer is withdrawn and any unreacted monomer is flashed off.Gas phase: Uses gaseous propylene in contact with the solid catalyst, resulting in a fluidized-bed medium.Melting process of polypropylene can be achieved via extrusion and molding. Common extrusion methods include production of melt-blown and spun-bond fibers to form long rolls for future conversion into a wide range of useful products, such as face masks, filters, diapers and wipes.The most common shaping technique is injection molding, which is used for parts such as cups, cutlery, vials, caps, containers, housewares, and automotive parts such as batteries. The related techniques of blow molding and injection-stretch blow molding are also used, which involve both extrusion and molding.The large number of end-use applications for polypropylene are often possible because of the ability to tailor grades with specific molecular properties and additives during its manufacture. For example, antistatic additives can be added to help polypropylene surfaces resist dust and dirt. Many physical finishing techniques can also be used on polypropylene, such as machining. Surface treatments can be applied to polypropylene parts in order to promote adhesion of printing ink and paints.Expanded Polypropylene (EPP) has been produced through both solid and melt state processing. EPP is manufactured using melt processing with either chemical or physical blowing agents. Expansion of PP in solid state, due to its highly crystalline structure, has not been successful. In this regard, two novel strategies were developed for expansion of PP. It was observed that PP can be expanded to make EPP through controlling its crystalline structure or through blending with other polymers.Biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) When polypropylene film is extruded and stretched in both the machine direction and across machine direction it is called biaxially oriented polypropylene. Biaxial orientation increases strength and clarity.BOPP is widely used as a packaging material for packaging products such as snack foods, fresh produce and confectionery. It is easy to coat, print and laminate to give the required appearance and properties for use as a packaging material. This process is normally called converting. It is normally produced in large rolls which are slit on slitting machines into smaller rolls for use on packaging machines.As polypropylene is resistant to fatigue, most plastic living hinges, such as those on flip-top bottles, are made from this material. However, it is important to ensure that chain molecules are oriented across the hinge to maximise strength.Polypropylene is used in the manufacturing of piping systems, both ones concerned with high purity and ones designed for strength and rigidity (e.g., those intended for use in potable plumbing, hydronic heating and cooling, and reclaimed water).This material is often chosen for its resistance to corrosion and chemical leaching, its resilience against most forms of physical damage, including impact and freezing, its environmental benefits, and its ability to be joined by heat fusion rather than gluing.A polypropylene chair. Many plastic items for medical or laboratory use can be made from polypropylene because it can withstand the heat in an autoclave. Its heat resistance also enables it to be used as the manufacturing material of consumer-grade kettles[citation needed]. Food containers made from it will not melt in the dishwasher, and do not melt during industrial hot filling processes. For this reason, most plastic tubs for dairy products are polypropylene sealed with aluminum foil (both heat-resistant materials). After the product has cooled, the tubs are often given lids made of a less heat-resistant material, such as LDPE or polystyrene. Such containers provide a good hands-on example of the difference in modulus, since the rubbery (softer, more flexible) feeling of LDPE with respect to polypropylene of the same thickness is readily apparent. Rugged, translucent, reusable plastic containers made in a wide variety of shapes and sizes for consumers from various companies such as Rubbermaid and Sterilite are commonly made of polypropylene, although the lids are often made of somewhat more flexible LDPE so they can snap onto the container to close it. Polypropylene can also be made into disposable bottles to contain liquid, powdered, or similar consumer products, although HDPE and polyethylene terephthalate are commonly also used to make bottles. Plastic pails, car batteries, wastebaskets, pharmacy prescription bottles, cooler containers, dishes and pitchers are often made of polypropylene or HDPE, both of which commonly have rather similar appearance, feel, and properties at ambient temperature. A diversity of medical devices are made from PP.[47]Polypropylene items for laboratory use, blue and orange closures are not made of polypropylene.A common application for polypropylene is as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). These BOPP sheets are used to make a wide variety of materials including clear bags. When polypropylene is biaxially oriented, it becomes crystal clear and serves as an excellent packaging material for artistic and retail products.Polypropylene, highly colorfast, is widely used in manufacturing carpets, rugs and mats to be used at home.Polypropylene is widely used in ropes, distinctive because they are light enough to float in water.[49] For equal mass and construction, polypropylene rope is similar in strength to polyester rope. Polypropylene costs less than most other synthetic fibers.Polypropylene is also used as an alternative to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as insulation for electrical cables for LSZH cable in low-ventilation environments, primarily tunnels. This is because it emits less smoke and no toxic halogens, which may lead to production of acid in high-temperature conditions.Polypropylene is also used in particular roofing membranes as the waterproofing top layer of single-ply systems as opposed to modified-bit systems.Polypropylene is most commonly used for plastic moldings, wherein it is injected into a mold while molten, forming complex shapes at relatively low cost and high volume; examples include bottle tops, bottles, and fittings.It can also be produced in sheet form, widely used for the production of stationery folders, packaging, and storage boxes. The wide color range, durability, low cost, and resistance to dirt make it ideal as a protective cover for papers and other materials. It is used in Rubik's Cube stickers because of these characteristics.The availability of sheet polypropylene has provided an opportunity for the use of the material by designers. The light-weight, durable, and colorful plastic makes an ideal medium for the creation of light shades, and a number of designs have been developed using interlocking sections to create elaborate designs.Polypropylene sheets are a popular choice for trading card collectors; these come with pockets (nine for standard-size cards) for the cards to be inserted and are used to protect their condition and are meant to be stored in a binder.Expanded polypropylene (EPP) is a foam form of polypropylene. EPP has very good impact characteristics due to its low stiffness; this allows EPP to resume its shape after impacts. EPP is extensively used in model aircraft and other radio controlled vehicles by hobbyists. This is mainly due to its ability to absorb impacts, making this an ideal material for RC aircraft for beginners and amateurs.Polypropylene is used in the manufacture of loudspeaker drive units. Its use was pioneered by engineers at the BBC and the patent rights subsequently purchased by Mission Electronics for use in their Mission Freedom Loudspeaker and Mission 737 Renaissance loudspeaker.Polypropylene fibres are used as a concrete additive to increase strength and reduce cracking and spalling.In some areas susceptible to earthquakes (e.g., California), PP fibers are added with soils to improve the soil's strength and damping when constructing the foundation of structures such as buildings, bridges, etc.Polypropylene fibres are also used in drywall joint compound for reinforcement. It can increase the flexibility and dimensional stability of the joint compound and reduce shrinkage and cracking when it dries.Polypropylene is used in polypropylene drums.In June 2016, a study showed that a mixture of polypropylene and durable superoleophobic surfaces created by two engineers from Ohio State University can repel liquids such as shampoo and oil. This technology could make it easier to remove all of the liquid contents from polypropylene bottles, particularly those that have high surface tension such as shampoo or oil.[52]Clothing Various polypropylene yarns and textiles Polypropylene is a major polymer used in nonwovens, with over 50% used[citation needed] for diapers or sanitary products where it is treated to absorb water (hydrophilic) rather than naturally repelling water (hydrophobic). Other non-woven uses include filters for air, gas, and liquids in which the fibers can be formed into sheets or webs that can be pleated to form cartridges or layers that filter in various efficiencies in the 0.5 to 30 micrometre range. Such applications occur in houses as water filters or in air-conditioning-type filters.

cas no 25322-69-4 Polypropylene glycol; Poly (propylene oxide); PPG;

Polypropylene Glycol 1000 Polypropylene glycols are liquids, mostly insoluble in water, used to suppress foaming in industrial processes and for making polyurethane resins, hydraulic fluids, and various other materials. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 or polypropylene oxide is the polymer of propylene glycol. Chemically it is a polyether, and, more generally speaking, it's a polyalkylene glycol (PAG). The term Polypropylene Glycol 1000 or Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is reserved for low to medium range molar mass polymer when the nature of the end-group, which is usually a hydroxyl group, still matters. The term "oxide" is used for high molar mass polymer when end-groups no longer affect polymer properties. In 2003, 60% of the annual production of propylene oxide of 6.6×106 tonnes was converted into the polymer. What is Polypropylene Glycol 1000? Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is also used to make polyester compounds, and as a base for deicing solutions. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when leakage might lead to contact with food. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified Polypropylene Glycol 1000 as an additive that is "generally recognized as safe" for use in food. It is used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. It is a solvent for food colors and flavors, and in the paint and plastics industries. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions. Other names for Polypropylene Glycol 1000 are 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 1,2-propanediol, methyl glycol, and trimethyl glycol. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is clear, colorless, slightly syrupy liquid at room temperature. It may exist in air in the vapor form, although Polypropylene Glycol 1000 must be heated or briskly shaken to produce a vapor. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is practically odorless and tasteless. 1.2 What happens to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 when it enters the environment? Waste streams from the manufacture of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 are primarily responsible for the releases into the air, water, and soil. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 can enter the environment when it is used as a runway and aircraft de-icing agent. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 can also enter the environment through the disposal of products that contains it. It is not likely to exist in large amounts in the air. We have little information about what happens to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 in the air. The small amounts that may enter the air are likely to break down quickly. If it escapes into the air, it will take between 24 and 50 hours for half the amount released to break down. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 can mix completely with water and can soak into soil. It can break down relatively quickly (within several days to a week) in surface water and in soil. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 can also travel from certain types of food packages into the food in the package. 1.3 How might I be exposed to Polypropylene Glycol 1000? Polypropylene Glycol 1000 has been approved for use at certain levels in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. If you eat food products, use cosmetics, or take medicines that contain it, you will be exposed to Polypropylene Glycol 1000, but these amounts are not generally considered harmful. People who work in industries that use Polypropylene Glycol 1000 may be exposed by touching these products or inhaling mists from spraying them. These exposures tend to be at low levels, however. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is used to make artificial smoke and mists for fire safety training, theatrical performances, and rock concerts. These artificial smoke products may also be used by private citizens. These products are frequently used in enclosed spaces, where exposure may be more intense. 1.4 How can Polypropylene Glycol 1000 ether enter and leave my body? Polypropylene Glycol 1000 can enter your bloodstream if you breathe air containing mists or vapors from this compound. It can also enter your bloodstream through your skin if you come in direct contact with it and do not wash it off. If you eat products that contain Polypropylene Glycol 1000, it may enter your bloodstream. Exposure of the general population to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is likely since many foods, drugs, and cosmetics contain it. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 breaks down in the body in about 48 hours. However, studies of people and animals show that if you have repeated eye, skin, nasal, or oral exposures to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 for a short time, you may develop some irritation. 1.5 How can Polypropylene Glycol 1000 affect my health? Polypropylene Glycol 1000 breaks down at the same rate as ethylene glycol, although it does not form harmful crystals when it breaks down. Frequent skin exposure to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 can sometimes irritate the skin. 1.6 Is there a medical test to determine whether I have been exposed to Polypropylene Glycol 1000? Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is generally considered to be a safe chemical, and is not routinely tested for, unless specific exposure, such as to a medicine or cosmetic, can be linked with the observed bad symptoms. Since Polypropylene Glycol 1000 breaks down very quickly in the body, it is very difficult to detect. 1.7 What recommendations has the federal government made to protect human health? The government has developed regulations and guidelines for Polypropylene Glycol 1000. These are designed to protect the public from potential adverse health effects. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified Polypropylene Glycol 1000 as "generally recognized as safe," which means that it is acceptable for use in flavorings, drugs, and cosmetics, and as a direct food additive. According to the World Health Organization, the acceptable dietary intake of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is 25 mg of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 for every kilogram (kg) of body weight. Polymerization Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is produced by ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. The initiator is an alcohol and the catalyst a base, usually potassium hydroxide. When the initiator is ethylene glycol or water the polymer is linear. With a multifunctional initiator like glycerine, pentaerythritol or sorbitol the polymer branches out. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 Conventional polymerization of propylene oxide results in an atactic polymer. The isotactic polymer can be produced from optically active propylene oxide, but at a high cost. A salen cobalt catalyst was reported in 2005 to provide isotactic polymerization of the prochiral propylene oxide[2] Cobalt catalyst for isotactic polypropylene oxide Properties Polypropylene Glycol 1000 has many properties in common with polyethylene glycol. The polymer is a liquid at room temperature. Solubility in water decreases rapidly with increasing molar mass. Secondary hydroxyl groups in Polypropylene Glycol 1000 are less reactive than primary hydroxyl groups in polyethylene glycol. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is less toxic than PEG, so biotechnologicals are now produced in Polypropylene Glycol 1000. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. Containing two alcohol groups, it is classed as a diol. It is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform. In general, glycols are non-irritating and have very low volatility. It is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers. In the European Union, it has E-number E1520 for food applications. For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is also present in Polypropylene Glycol 1000 alginate, which is known as E405. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is a compound which is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) under 21 CFR x184.1666, and is also approved by the FDA for certain uses as an indirect food additive. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is approved and used as a vehicle for topical, oral, and some intravenous pharmaceutical preparations in the U.S. and in Europe. Structure The compound is sometimes called (alpha) α-Polypropylene Glycol 1000 to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-Polypropylene Glycol 1000. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is chiral. Commercial processes typically use the racemate. The S-isomer is produced by biotechnological routes. Production Industrial Industrially, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is mainly produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use). According to a 2018 source, 2.16 M tonnes are produced annually.[4] Manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali. Final products contain 20% Polypropylene Glycol 1000, 1.5% of diPolypropylene Glycol 1000, and small amounts of other polyPolypropylene Glycol 1000s.[6] Further purification produces finished industrial grade or USP/JP/EP/BP grade Polypropylene Glycol 1000 that is typically 99.5% or greater. Use of USP (US Pharmacopoeia) Polypropylene Glycol 1000 can reduce the risk of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) rejection.[7] Polypropylene Glycol 1000 can also be obtained from glycerol, a byproduct from the production of biodiesel.[4] This starting material is usually reserved for industrial use because of the noticeable odor and taste that accompanies the final product. Laboratory S-Propanediol is synthesized from via fermentation methods. Lactic acid and lactaldehyde are common intermediates. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, one of the two products of breakdown (glycolysis) of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, is a precursor to methylglyoxal. This conversion is the basis of a potential biotechnological route to the commodity chemical 1,2-propanediol. Three-carbon deoxysugars are also precursor to the 1,2-diol.[4] Applications Polymers Forty-five percent of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. In this regard, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer. This partially unsaturated polymer undergoes further crosslinking to yield thermoset plastics. Related to this application, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 reacts with propylene oxide to give oligomers and polymers that are used to produce polyurethanes.[4] Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is used in waterbased acrylic architectural paints to extend dry time which it accomplishes by preventing the surface from drying due to its slower evaporation rate compared to water. Food Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is also used in various edible items such as coffee-based drinks, liquid sweeteners, ice cream, whipped dairy products and soda. Vaporizers used for delivery of pharmaceuticals or personal-care products often include Polypropylene Glycol 1000 among the ingredients. In alcohol-based hand sanitizers, it is used as a humectant to prevent the skin from drying.[11] Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is used as a solvent in many pharmaceuticals, including oral, injectable, and topical formulations. Many pharmaceutical drugs which are insoluble in water utilize Polypropylene Glycol 1000 as a solvent and carrier; benzodiazepine tablets are one example.[12] Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is also used as a solvent and carrier for many pharmaceutical capsule preparations. Additionally, certain formulations of artificial tears use proplyene glycol as an ingredient. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is commonly used to de-ice aircraft Antifreeze The freezing point of water is depressed when mixed with Polypropylene Glycol 1000. It is used as aircraft de-icing fluid.[4][14] Water-Polypropylene Glycol 1000 mixtures dyed pink to indicate the mixture is relatively nontoxic are sold under the name of RV or marine antifreeze. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is frequently used as a substitute for ethylene glycol in low toxicity, environmentally friendly automotive antifreeze. It is also used to winterize the plumbing systems in vacant structures.[15] The eutectic composition/temperature is 60:40 Polypropylene Glycol 1000:water/-60 °C. The −50 °F/−45 °C commercial product is, however, water rich; a typical formulation is 40:60.[18] Electronic cigarettes liquid Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is often used in electronic cigarettes. Along with vegetable glycerin as the main ingredient (<1–92%) in e-liquid used in electronic cigarettes, where it is aerosolized to resemble smoke. It serves as both the carrier for substances like nicotine and cannabinoids, as well as for creating a vapor which resembles smoke. Miscellaneous applications A bottle of flavored e-liquid for vaping shows Polypropylene Glycol 1000 as one of the main ingredients along with vegetable glycerin. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 (often abbreviated 'PPG') has many applications. Some common applications see Polypropylene Glycol 1000 used: As a solvent for many substances, both natural and synthetic. As a humectant (E1520). As a freezing point depressant for slurry ice. In veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants. In the cosmetics industry, where Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is very commonly used as a carrier or base for various types of makeup. For trapping and preserving insects (including as a DNA preservative).[23] For the creation of theatrical smoke and fog in special effects for film and live entertainment. So-called 'smoke machines' or 'hazers' vaporize a mixture of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 and water to create the illusion of smoke. While many of these machines use a Polypropylene Glycol 1000-based fuel, some use oil. Those which use Polypropylene Glycol 1000 do so in a process that is identical to how electronic cigarettes work; utilizing a heating element to produce a dense vapor. The vapor produced by these machines has the aesthetic look and appeal of smoke, but without exposing performers and stage crew to the harms and odors associated with actual smoke. As an additive in PCR to reduce the melting temperature of nucleic acids for targeting of GC rich sequences. Safety in humans When used in average quantities, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 has no measurable effect on development and/or reproduction on animals and probably does not adversely affect human development or reproduction.[26] The safety of electronic cigarettes—which utilize Polypropylene Glycol 1000-based preparations of nicotine or THC and other cannabinoids—is the subject of much controversy.- Oral administration The acute oral toxicity of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is very low, and large quantities are required to cause perceptible health effects in humans; in fact, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is three times less toxic than ethanol.[30] Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is metabolized in the human body into pyruvic acid (a normal part of the glucose-metabolism process, readily converted to energy), acetic acid (handled by ethanol-metabolism), lactic acid (a normal acid generally abundant during digestion),[31] and propionaldehyde (a potentially hazardous substance). According to the Dow Chemical Company, The LD50 (Lethal Dose that kills in 50% of tests) for rats is 20 g/kg (rat/oral). Toxicity generally occurs at plasma concentrations over 4 g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of time, or when used as a vehicle for drugs or vitamins given intravenously or orally in large bolus doses.[37] It would be nearly impossible to reach toxic levels by consuming foods or supplements, which contain at most 1 g/kg of Polypropylene Glycol 1000, except for alcoholic beverages in the US which are allowed 5 percent = 50g/kg.[38] Cases of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 poisoning are usually related to either inappropriate intravenous administration or accidental ingestion of large quantities by children. The potential for long-term oral toxicity is also low. In an NTP continuous breeding study, no effects on fertility were observed in male or female mice that received Polypropylene Glycol 1000 in drinking water at doses up to 10,100 mg/kg bw/day. No effects on fertility were seen in either the first or second generation of treated mice.[26] In a 2-year study, 12 rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% Polypropylene Glycol 1000, and showed no apparent ill effects.[40] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 was classified by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive, including frozen foods such as ice cream and frozen desserts. The GRAS designation is specific to its use in food, and does not apply to other uses. Skin, eye and inhalation contact Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is essentially non-irritating to the skin.[43] Undiluted Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is minimally irritating to the eye, producing slight transient conjunctivitis; the eye recovers after the exposure is removed. A 2018 human volunteer study found that 10 male and female subjects undergoing 4 hours exposures to concentrations of up to 442 mg/m3 and 30 minutes exposures to concentrations of up to 871 mg/m3 in combination with moderate exercise did not show pulmonary function deficits, or signs of ocular irritation, with only slight symptoms of respiratory irritation reported.[44] Inhalation of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications.[45] Due to the lack of chronic inhalation data, it is recommended that Polypropylene Glycol 1000 not be used in inhalation applications such as theatrical productions, or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.[46] Recently, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 (commonly alongside glycerol) has been included as a carrier for nicotine and other additives in e-cigarette liquids, the use of which presents a novel form of exposure. The potential hazards of chronic inhalation of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 or the latter substance as a whole are as-yet unknown. According to a 2010 study, the concentrations of Polypropylene Glycol 1000Es (counted as the sum of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 and glycol ethers) in indoor air, particularly bedroom air, has been linked to increased risk of developing numerous respiratory and immune disorders in children, including asthma, hay fever, eczema, and allergies, with increased risk ranging from 50% to 180%. This concentration has been linked to use of water-based paints and water-based system cleansers. However, the study authors write that glycol ethers and not Polypropylene Glycol 1000 are the likely culprit. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 has not caused sensitization or carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies, nor has it demonstrated genotoxic potential. Intravenous administration Studies with intravenously administered Polypropylene Glycol 1000 have resulted in LD50 values in rats and rabbits of 7 mL/kg BW.[53] Ruddick (1972) also summarized intramuscular LD50 data for rat as 13-20 mL/kg BW, and 6 mL/kg BW for the rabbit. Adverse effects to intravenous administration of drugs that use Polypropylene Glycol 1000 as an excipient have been seen in a number of people, particularly with large bolus dosages. Responses may include CNS depression, "hypotension, bradycardia, QRS and T abnormalities on the ECG, arrhythmia, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, agitation, serum hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, and haemolysis".[54] A high percentage (12% to 42%) of directly-injected Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is eliminated or secreted in urine unaltered depending on dosage, with the remainder appearing in its glucuronide-form. The speed of renal filtration decreases as dosage increases,[55] which may be due to Polypropylene Glycol 1000's mild anesthetic / CNS-depressant -properties as an alcohol.[56] In one case, intravenous administration of Polypropylene Glycol 1000-suspended nitroglycerin to an elderly man may have induced coma and acidosis.[57] However, no confirmed lethality from Polypropylene Glycol 1000 was reported. Animals Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is an approved food additive for dog and sugar glider food under the category of animal feed and is generally recognized as safe for dogs,[58] with an LD50 of 9 mL/kg. The LD50 is higher for most laboratory animals (20 mL/kg).[59] However, it is prohibited for use in food for cats due to links to Heinz body formation and a reduced lifespan of red blood cells.[60] Heinz body formation from MPolypropylene Glycol 1000 has not been observed in dogs, cattle, or humans. Environmental Polypropylene Glycol 1000 occurs naturally, probably as the result of anaerobic catabolism of sugars in the human gut. It is degraded by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, which convert it to propionaldehyde.[68] Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is expected to degrade rapidly in water from biological processes, but is not expected to be significantly influenced by hydrolysis, oxidation, volatilization, bioconcentration, or adsorption to sediment.[69] Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions in freshwater, in seawater and in soil. Therefore, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is considered as not persistent in the environment. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 exhibits a low degree of toxicity toward aquatic organisms. Several guideline studies available for freshwater fish with the lowest observed effect concentration of 96-h LC50 value of 40,613 mg/l in a study with Oncorhynchus mykiss. Similarly, the effect concentration determined in marine fish is a 96-h LC50 of >10,000 mg/l in Scophthalmus maximus. Allergic reaction Estimates on the prevalence of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 allergy range from 0.8% (10% Polypropylene Glycol 1000 in aqueous solution) to 3.5% (30% Polypropylene Glycol 1000 in aqueous solution). The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) data from 1996 to 2006 showed that the most common site for Polypropylene Glycol 1000 contact dermatitis was the face (25.9%), followed by a generalized or scattered pattern (23.7%).[61] Investigators believe that the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 may be greater than 2% in patients with eczema or fungal infections, which are very common in countries with lesser sun exposure and lower-than-normal vitamin D balances. Therefore, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 allergy is more common in those countries. Because of its potential for allergic reactions and frequent use across a variety of topical and systemic products, Polypropylene Glycol 1000 was named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2018.[65][66] Recent publication from The Mayo Clinic reported 0.85% incidence of positive patch tests to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 (100/11,738 patients) with an overall irritant rate of 0.35% (41/11,738 patients) during a 20-year period of 1997–2016.[67] 87% of the reactions were classified as weak and 9% as strong. The positive reaction rates were 0%, 0.26%, and 1.86% for 5%, 10%, and 20% Polypropylene Glycol 1000 respectively, increasing with each concentration increase. The irritant reaction rates were 0.95%, 0.24%, and 0.5% for 5%, 10%, and 20% Polypropylene Glycol 1000, respectively. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 skin sensitization occurred in patients sensitive to a number of other concomitant positive allergens, most common of which were: Myroxylon pereirae resin, benzalkonium chloride, carba mix, potassium dichromate, neomycin sulfate; for positive Polypropylene Glycol 1000 reactions, the overall median of 5 and mean of 5.6 concomitant positive allergens was reported. For Polypropylene Glycol 1000 (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 068602) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. Of all polyether polyols (incl Polypropylene Glycol 1000, polyethylene glycol, and propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymers), 65% were used in polyurethane flexible foam; 9% in polyurethane rigid foam; 7% in noncellular polyurethane applications; 8% for surface-active agents; 8% for lubricants and functional fluids; & 3% for misc applications. There are 2 active ingredients in reregistration case 3123 for Polypropylene Glycol 1000. The RED evaluates the only active ingredient in this case with currently registered products; therefore, only butoxyPolypropylene Glycol 1000 (BPG), PC Code 011901/CAS No. 9003-13-8, 57 active products as of September, 2001/ was assessed. The other active ingredient in this case /poly(oxy(methyl-1,2ethanediyl)), alpha-hydro-omegahydroxy,CAS No. 25322-69-4 / has no product registrations /last pesticide product cancelled October 10, 1989/ and is not being supported for reregistration. This active ingredient would be evaluated only if and when new registration applications were to be submitted for new products. Method for determination of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 at sub-ppm levels in aqueous and organic media by gas-liquid chromatography or by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 (minimum molecular weight 150) is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Acute Exposure/ Propylene glycol was relatively harmless (LD50 = 21 g/kg) in acute oral toxicity studies involving rats. Acute oral toxicity studies on Polypropylene Glycol 1000s of various molecular weights (300 to 3900 Da) have indicated LD50 values (rats) ranging from 0.5 to >40g/kg. LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Single and repeated applications of Polypropylene glycol 425, Polypropylene glycol 1025, and Polypropylene glycol 2025 did not cause skin irritation in the rabbit. Repeated applications of Polypropylene glycol 1200 to rabbits caused mild reactions at abraded skin sites and no reactions at intact sites. Results were negative for 100% PG in a mouse external ear swelling sensitization test. The results of a guinea pig maximization, open epicutaneous, and Finn chamber tests indicated no sensitization reactions to 70%PG. In another maximization test, PG was classified as a potentially weak sensitizer. The results of six other guinea pig sensitization tests indicated that PG was not an allergen. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 217,886 workers (30,699 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Polypropylene Glycol 1000 may occur through inhalation where mists are formed from violent agitation or high temperatures, and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is produced or used(2). General description of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is an aliphatic alcohol. It is an addition polymer of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 and water represented as H[OCH3]nOH in which n represents the average number of oxypropylene groups. Application of Polypropylene Glycol 1000 Polypropylene Glycol 1000 (PPG) may be used as a viscosity decreasing agent, a solvent and a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 may be used as a good swelling agent for the synthesis of large pore mesoporous materials. What Is It? Polypropylene Glycol 1000, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is a synthetic (i.e., man-made) alcohol that attracts/absorbs water. It is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is one of the most widely used ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, including facial cleansers, moisturizers, bath soaps, shampoos and conditioners, deodorants, shaving preparations, and fragrances. In addition to its use as an ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products, it is used in numerous food items such as beer, packaged baked goods, frozen dairy products, margarine, coffee, nuts, and soda. It is also used as an inactive ingredient (e.g., solvent) in many drugs. FDA has approved its use at concentrations as high as 98% in drugs applied to the skin and 92% in drugs taken orally. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Because Polypropylene Glycol 1000 attracts water it functions as a humectant and is used in moisturizers to enhance the appearance of skin by reducing flaking and restoring suppleness. Other reported uses include skin-conditioning agent, viscosity-decreasing agent, solvent, and fragrance ingredient. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 was reported to be used in 14,395 products, according to 2019 data in U.S. FDA’s Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP). Polypropylene Glycol 1000 is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. Polypropylene Glycol 1000 may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. In dilute aqueous solution unimers of Pluronic F127 associate to form micelles. In more concentrated solution, micelles pack to form high-modulus gels. Our interest is the effect of addition of 10–30 wt % low molecular weight Polypropylene Glycol 1000 on the micellization and gelation of solutions of F127. DLS was used to determine the apparent size of the micelles (rh,app). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) using the dye solubilization method of F127 in Polypropylene Glycol 1000 solutions was studied. Visual observation was carried out to detect gel formation in concentrated solutions and the onset of clouding and turbidity, as the temperature was raised. Oscillatory rheometry was used to confirm the formation of high-modulus gels and provide values of elastic moduli (G′max) over a wide temperature range. SAXS was used to determine gel structure. Our results for the hydrophobic adduct Polypropylene Glycol 1000 were compared with literature values for the hydrophilic adduct PEG6000.

Polypropylene Glycol 2000 Polypropylene glycols are liquids, mostly insoluble in water, used to suppress foaming in industrial processes and for making polyurethane resins, hydraulic fluids, and various other materials. Polypropylene glycol 2000 or polypropylene oxide is the polymer of propylene glycol. Chemically it is a polyether, and, more generally speaking, it's a polyalkylene glycol (PAG). The term Polypropylene glycol 2000 or Polypropylene glycol 2000 is reserved for low to medium range molar mass polymer when the nature of the end-group, which is usually a hydroxyl group, still matters. The term "oxide" is used for high molar mass polymer when end-groups no longer affect polymer properties. Structure The compound is sometimes called (alpha) α-Polypropylene glycol 2000 to distinguish it from the isomer propane-1,3-diol, known as (beta) β-Polypropylene glycol 2000. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is chiral. Commercial processes typically use the racemate. The S-isomer is produced by biotechnological routes. Production Industrial Industrially, Polypropylene glycol 2000 is mainly produced from propylene oxide (for food-grade use). According to a 2018 source, 2.16 M tonnes are produced annually.[4] Manufacturers use either non-catalytic high-temperature process at 200 °C (392 °F) to 220 °C (428 °F), or a catalytic method, which proceeds at 150 °C (302 °F) to 180 °C (356 °F) in the presence of ion exchange resin or a small amount of sulfuric acid or alkali. Final products contain 20% Polypropylene glycol 2000, 1.5% of diPolypropylene glycol 2000, and small amounts of other polyPolypropylene glycol 2000s.[6] Further purification produces finished industrial grade or USP/JP/EP/BP grade Polypropylene glycol 2000 that is typically 99.5% or greater. Use of USP (US Pharmacopoeia) Polypropylene glycol 2000 can reduce the risk of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) rejection.[7] Polypropylene glycol 2000 can also be obtained from glycerol, a byproduct from the production of biodiesel.[4] This starting material is usually reserved for industrial use because of the noticeable odor and taste that accompanies the final product. Laboratory S-Propanediol is synthesized from via fermentation methods. Lactic acid and lactaldehyde are common intermediates. Dihydroxyacetone phosphate, one of the two products of breakdown (glycolysis) of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, is a precursor to methylglyoxal. This conversion is the basis of a potential biotechnological route to the commodity chemical 1,2-propanediol. Three-carbon deoxysugars are also precursor to the 1,2-diol.[4] Applications Polymers Forty-five percent of Polypropylene glycol 2000 produced is used as a chemical feedstock for the production of unsaturated polyester resins. In this regard, Polypropylene glycol 2000 reacts with a mixture of unsaturated maleic anhydride and isophthalic acid to give a copolymer. This partially unsaturated polymer undergoes further crosslinking to yield thermoset plastics. Related to this application, Polypropylene glycol 2000 reacts with propylene oxide to give oligomers and polymers that are used to produce polyurethanes.[4] Polypropylene glycol 2000 is used in waterbased acrylic architectural paints to extend dry time which it accomplishes by preventing the surface from drying due to its slower evaporation rate compared to water. Food Polypropylene glycol 2000 is also used in various edible items such as coffee-based drinks, liquid sweeteners, ice cream, whipped dairy products and soda. Vaporizers used for delivery of pharmaceuticals or personal-care products often include Polypropylene glycol 2000 among the ingredients. In alcohol-based hand sanitizers, it is used as a humectant to prevent the skin from drying.[11] Polypropylene glycol 2000 is used as a solvent in many pharmaceuticals, including oral, injectable, and topical formulations. Many pharmaceutical drugs which are insoluble in water utilize Polypropylene glycol 2000 as a solvent and carrier; benzodiazepine tablets are one example.[12] Polypropylene glycol 2000 is also used as a solvent and carrier for many pharmaceutical capsule preparations. Additionally, certain formulations of artificial tears use proplyene glycol as an ingredient. Polymerization Polypropylene glycol 2000 is produced by ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. The initiator is an alcohol and the catalyst a base, usually potassium hydroxide. When the initiator is ethylene glycol or water the polymer is linear. With a multifunctional initiator like glycerine, pentaerythritol or sorbitol the polymer branches out. Polypropylene glycol 2000 Conventional polymerization of propylene oxide results in an atactic polymer. The isotactic polymer can be produced from optically active propylene oxide, but at a high cost. A salen cobalt catalyst was reported in 2005 to provide isotactic polymerization of the prochiral propylene oxide[2] Cobalt catalyst for isotactic polypropylene oxide Properties Polypropylene glycol 2000 has many properties in common with polyethylene glycol. The polymer is a liquid at room temperature. Solubility in water decreases rapidly with increasing molar mass. Secondary hydroxyl groups in Polypropylene glycol 2000 are less reactive than primary hydroxyl groups in polyethylene glycol. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is less toxic than PEG, so biotechnologicals are now produced in Polypropylene glycol 2000. Uses Polypropylene glycol 2000 is used in many formulations for polyurethanes. It is used as a rheology modifier. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is used as a surfactant, wetting agent, dispersant in leather finishing. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is also employed as a tuning reference and calibrant in mass spectrometry. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is used as a primary ingredient in the making of paintballs. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is used as a primary ingredient in the making of some laxatives[3]. Polypropylene glycol 2000 (IUPAC name: propane-1,2-diol) is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Its chemical formula is CH3CH(OH)CH2OH. Containing two alcohol groups, it is classed as a diol. It is miscible with a broad range of solvents, including water, acetone, and chloroform. In general, glycols are non-irritating and have very low volatility. It is produced on a large scale primarily for the production of polymers. In the European Union, it has E-number E1520 for food applications. For cosmetics and pharmacology, the number is E490. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is also present in Polypropylene glycol 2000 alginate, which is known as E405. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is a compound which is GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the US FDA (Food and Drug Administration) under 21 CFR x184.1666, and is also approved by the FDA for certain uses as an indirect food additive. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is approved and used as a vehicle for topical, oral, and some intravenous pharmaceutical preparations in the U.S. and in Europe. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is commonly used to de-ice aircraft Antifreeze The freezing point of water is depressed when mixed with Polypropylene glycol 2000. It is used as aircraft de-icing fluid.[4][14] Water-Polypropylene glycol 2000 mixtures dyed pink to indicate the mixture is relatively nontoxic are sold under the name of RV or marine antifreeze. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is frequently used as a substitute for ethylene glycol in low toxicity, environmentally friendly automotive antifreeze. It is also used to winterize the plumbing systems in vacant structures.[15] The eutectic composition/temperature is 60:40 Polypropylene glycol 2000:water/-60 °C. The −50 °F/−45 °C commercial product is, however, water rich; a typical formulation is 40:60.[18] Electronic cigarettes liquid Polypropylene glycol 2000 is often used in electronic cigarettes. Along with vegetable glycerin as the main ingredient (<1–92%) in e-liquid used in electronic cigarettes, where it is aerosolized to resemble smoke. It serves as both the carrier for substances like nicotine and cannabinoids, as well as for creating a vapor which resembles smoke. Miscellaneous applications A bottle of flavored e-liquid for vaping shows Polypropylene glycol 2000 as one of the main ingredients along with vegetable glycerin. Polypropylene glycol 2000 (often abbreviated 'PPG') has many applications. Some common applications see Polypropylene glycol 2000 used: As a solvent for many substances, both natural and synthetic. As a humectant (E1520). As a freezing point depressant for slurry ice. In veterinary medicine as an oral treatment for hyperketonaemia in ruminants. In the cosmetics industry, where Polypropylene glycol 2000 is very commonly used as a carrier or base for various types of makeup. For trapping and preserving insects (including as a DNA preservative).[23] For the creation of theatrical smoke and fog in special effects for film and live entertainment. So-called 'smoke machines' or 'hazers' vaporize a mixture of Polypropylene glycol 2000 and water to create the illusion of smoke. While many of these machines use a Polypropylene glycol 2000-based fuel, some use oil. Those which use Polypropylene glycol 2000 do so in a process that is identical to how electronic cigarettes work; utilizing a heating element to produce a dense vapor. The vapor produced by these machines has the aesthetic look and appeal of smoke, but without exposing performers and stage crew to the harms and odors associated with actual smoke. As an additive in PCR to reduce the melting temperature of nucleic acids for targeting of GC rich sequences. Safety in humans When used in average quantities, Polypropylene glycol 2000 has no measurable effect on development and/or reproduction on animals and probably does not adversely affect human development or reproduction.[26] The safety of electronic cigarettes—which utilize Polypropylene glycol 2000-based preparations of nicotine or THC and other cannabinoids—is the subject of much controversy.- Oral administration The acute oral toxicity of Polypropylene glycol 2000 is very low, and large quantities are required to cause perceptible health effects in humans; in fact, Polypropylene glycol 2000 is three times less toxic than ethanol.[30] Polypropylene glycol 2000 is metabolized in the human body into pyruvic acid (a normal part of the glucose-metabolism process, readily converted to energy), acetic acid (handled by ethanol-metabolism), lactic acid (a normal acid generally abundant during digestion),[31] and propionaldehyde (a potentially hazardous substance). According to the Dow Chemical Company, The LD50 (Lethal Dose that kills in 50% of tests) for rats is 20 g/kg (rat/oral). Toxicity generally occurs at plasma concentrations over 4 g/L, which requires extremely high intake over a relatively short period of time, or when used as a vehicle for drugs or vitamins given intravenously or orally in large bolus doses.[37] It would be nearly impossible to reach toxic levels by consuming foods or supplements, which contain at most 1 g/kg of Polypropylene glycol 2000, except for alcoholic beverages in the US which are allowed 5 percent = 50g/kg.[38] Cases of Polypropylene glycol 2000 poisoning are usually related to either inappropriate intravenous administration or accidental ingestion of large quantities by children. The potential for long-term oral toxicity is also low. In an NTP continuous breeding study, no effects on fertility were observed in male or female mice that received Polypropylene glycol 2000 in drinking water at doses up to 10,100 mg/kg bw/day. No effects on fertility were seen in either the first or second generation of treated mice.[26] In a 2-year study, 12 rats were provided with feed containing as much as 5% Polypropylene glycol 2000, and showed no apparent ill effects.[40] Because of its low chronic oral toxicity, Polypropylene glycol 2000 was classified by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration as "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) for use as a direct food additive, including frozen foods such as ice cream and frozen desserts. The GRAS designation is specific to its use in food, and does not apply to other uses. Skin, eye and inhalation contact Polypropylene glycol 2000 is essentially non-irritating to the skin.[43] Undiluted Polypropylene glycol 2000 is minimally irritating to the eye, producing slight transient conjunctivitis; the eye recovers after the exposure is removed. A 2018 human volunteer study found that 10 male and female subjects undergoing 4 hours exposures to concentrations of up to 442 mg/m3 and 30 minutes exposures to concentrations of up to 871 mg/m3 in combination with moderate exercise did not show pulmonary function deficits, or signs of ocular irritation, with only slight symptoms of respiratory irritation reported.[44] Inhalation of Polypropylene glycol 2000 vapors appears to present no significant hazard in ordinary applications.[45] Due to the lack of chronic inhalation data, it is recommended that Polypropylene glycol 2000 not be used in inhalation applications such as theatrical productions, or antifreeze solutions for emergency eye wash stations.[46] Recently, Polypropylene glycol 2000 (commonly alongside glycerol) has been included as a carrier for nicotine and other additives in e-cigarette liquids, the use of which presents a novel form of exposure. The potential hazards of chronic inhalation of Polypropylene glycol 2000 or the latter substance as a whole are as-yet unknown. According to a 2010 study, the concentrations of Polypropylene glycol 2000Es (counted as the sum of Polypropylene glycol 2000 and glycol ethers) in indoor air, particularly bedroom air, has been linked to increased risk of developing numerous respiratory and immune disorders in children, including asthma, hay fever, eczema, and allergies, with increased risk ranging from 50% to 180%. This concentration has been linked to use of water-based paints and water-based system cleansers. However, the study authors write that glycol ethers and not Polypropylene glycol 2000 are the likely culprit. Polypropylene glycol 2000 has not caused sensitization or carcinogenicity in laboratory animal studies, nor has it demonstrated genotoxic potential. Intravenous administration Studies with intravenously administered Polypropylene glycol 2000 have resulted in LD50 values in rats and rabbits of 7 mL/kg BW.[53] Ruddick (1972) also summarized intramuscular LD50 data for rat as 13-20 mL/kg BW, and 6 mL/kg BW for the rabbit. Adverse effects to intravenous administration of drugs that use Polypropylene glycol 2000 as an excipient have been seen in a number of people, particularly with large bolus dosages. Responses may include CNS depression, "hypotension, bradycardia, QRS and T abnormalities on the ECG, arrhythmia, cardiac arrhythmias, seizures, agitation, serum hyperosmolality, lactic acidosis, and haemolysis".[54] A high percentage (12% to 42%) of directly-injected Polypropylene glycol 2000 is eliminated or secreted in urine unaltered depending on dosage, with the remainder appearing in its glucuronide-form. The speed of renal filtration decreases as dosage increases,[55] which may be due to Polypropylene glycol 2000's mild anesthetic / CNS-depressant -properties as an alcohol.[56] In one case, intravenous administration of Polypropylene glycol 2000-suspended nitroglycerin to an elderly man may have induced coma and acidosis.[57] However, no confirmed lethality from Polypropylene glycol 2000 was reported. Animals Polypropylene glycol 2000 is an approved food additive for dog and sugar glider food under the category of animal feed and is generally recognized as safe for dogs,[58] with an LD50 of 9 mL/kg. The LD50 is higher for most laboratory animals (20 mL/kg).[59] However, it is prohibited for use in food for cats due to links to Heinz body formation and a reduced lifespan of red blood cells.[60] Heinz body formation from MPolypropylene glycol 2000 has not been observed in dogs, cattle, or humans. Environmental Polypropylene glycol 2000 occurs naturally, probably as the result of anaerobic catabolism of sugars in the human gut. It is degraded by vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, which convert it to propionaldehyde.[68] Polypropylene glycol 2000 is expected to degrade rapidly in water from biological processes, but is not expected to be significantly influenced by hydrolysis, oxidation, volatilization, bioconcentration, or adsorption to sediment.[69] Polypropylene glycol 2000 is readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions in freshwater, in seawater and in soil. Therefore, Polypropylene glycol 2000 is considered as not persistent in the environment. Polypropylene glycol 2000 exhibits a low degree of toxicity toward aquatic organisms. Several guideline studies available for freshwater fish with the lowest observed effect concentration of 96-h LC50 value of 40,613 mg/l in a study with Oncorhynchus mykiss. Similarly, the effect concentration determined in marine fish is a 96-h LC50 of >10,000 mg/l in Scophthalmus maximus. For Polypropylene glycol 2000 (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 068602) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. Of all polyether polyols (incl Polypropylene glycol 2000, polyethylene glycol, and propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymers), 65% were used in polyurethane flexible foam; 9% in polyurethane rigid foam; 7% in noncellular polyurethane applications; 8% for surface-active agents; 8% for lubricants and functional fluids; & 3% for misc applications. There are 2 active ingredients in reregistration case 3123 for Polypropylene glycol 2000. The RED evaluates the only active ingredient in this case with currently registered products; therefore, only butoxyPolypropylene glycol 2000 (BPG), PC Code 011901/CAS No. 9003-13-8, 57 active products as of September, 2001/ was assessed. The other active ingredient in this case /poly(oxy(methyl-1,2ethanediyl)), alpha-hydro-omegahydroxy,CAS No. 25322-69-4 / has no product registrations /last pesticide product cancelled October 10, 1989/ and is not being supported for reregistration. This active ingredient would be evaluated only if and when new registration applications were to be submitted for new products. Method for determination of Polypropylene glycol 2000 at sub-ppm levels in aqueous and organic media by gas-liquid chromatography or by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart. Polypropylene glycol 2000 (minimum molecular weight 150) is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives. Acute Exposure/ Propylene glycol was relatively harmless (LD50 = 21 g/kg) in acute oral toxicity studies involving rats. Acute oral toxicity studies on Polypropylene glycol 2000s of various molecular weights (300 to 3900 Da) have indicated LD50 values (rats) ranging from 0.5 to >40g/kg. LABORATORY ANIMALS: Acute Exposure/ Single and repeated applications of Polypropylene glycol 425, Polypropylene glycol 1025, and Polypropylene glycol 2025 did not cause skin irritation in the rabbit. Repeated applications of Polypropylene glycol 1200 to rabbits caused mild reactions at abraded skin sites and no reactions at intact sites. Results were negative for 100% PG in a mouse external ear swelling sensitization test. The results of a guinea pig maximization, open epicutaneous, and Finn chamber tests indicated no sensitization reactions to 70%PG. In another maximization test, PG was classified as a potentially weak sensitizer. The results of six other guinea pig sensitization tests indicated that PG was not an allergen. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 217,886 workers (30,699 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Polypropylene glycol 2000 in the US(1). Occupational exposure to Polypropylene glycol 2000 may occur through inhalation where mists are formed from violent agitation or high temperatures, and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Polypropylene glycol 2000 is produced or used(2). General description of Polypropylene glycol 2000 Polypropylene glycol 2000 is an aliphatic alcohol. It is an addition polymer of Polypropylene glycol 2000 and water represented as H[OCH3]nOH in which n represents the average number of oxypropylene groups. Application of Polypropylene glycol 2000 Polypropylene glycol 2000 (PPG) may be used as a viscosity decreasing agent, a solvent and a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics. Polypropylene glycol 2000 may be used as a good swelling agent for the synthesis of large pore mesoporous materials. What Is It? Polypropylene glycol 2000, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is a synthetic (i.e., man-made) alcohol that attracts/absorbs water. It is a viscous, colorless liquid, which is nearly odorless but possesses a faintly sweet taste. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is one of the most widely used ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, including facial cleansers, moisturizers, bath soaps, shampoos and conditioners, deodorants, shaving preparations, and fragrances. In addition to its use as an ingredient in cosmetic and personal care products, it is used in numerous food items such as beer, packaged baked goods, frozen dairy products, margarine, coffee, nuts, and soda. It is also used as an inactive ingredient (e.g., solvent) in many drugs. FDA has approved its use at concentrations as high as 98% in drugs applied to the skin and 92% in drugs taken orally. Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products? Because Polypropylene glycol 2000 attracts water it functions as a humectant and is used in moisturizers to enhance the appearance of skin by reducing flaking and restoring suppleness. Other reported uses include skin-conditioning agent, viscosity-decreasing agent, solvent, and fragrance ingredient. Polypropylene glycol 2000 was reported to be used in 14,395 products, according to 2019 data in U.S. FDA’s Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP). Polypropylene glycol 2000 is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. Polypropylene glycol 2000 may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides. In dilute aqueous solution unimers of Pluronic F127 associate to form micelles. In more concentrated solution, micelles pack to form high-modulus gels. Our interest is the effect of addition of 10–30 wt % low molecular weight Polypropylene glycol 2000 on the micellization and gelation of solutions of F127. DLS was used to determine the apparent size of the micelles (rh,app). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) using the dye solubilization method of F127 in Polypropylene glycol 2000 solutions was studied. Visual observation was carried out to detect gel formation in concentrated solutions and the onset of clouding and turbidity, as the temperature was raised. Oscillatory rheometry was used to confirm the formation of high-modulus gels and provide values of elastic moduli (G′max) over a wide temperature range. SAXS was used to determine gel structure. Our results for the hydrophobic adduct Polypropylene glycol 2000 were compared with literature values for the hydrophilic adduct PEG6000. What is Polypropylene glycol 2000? Polypropylene glycol 2000 is a synthetic liquid substance that absorbs water. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is also used to make polyester compounds, and as a base for deicing solutions. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is used by the chemical, food, and pharmaceutical industries as an antifreeze when leakage might lead to contact with food. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified Polypropylene glycol 2000 as an additive that is "generally recognized as safe" for use in food. It is used to absorb extra water and maintain moisture in certain medicines, cosmetics, or food products. It is a solvent for food colors and flavors, and in the paint and plastics industries. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is also used to create artificial smoke or fog used in fire-fighting training and in theatrical productions. Other names for Polypropylene glycol 2000 are 1,2-dihydroxypropane, 1,2-propanediol, methyl glycol, and trimethyl glycol. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is clear, colorless, slightly syrupy liquid at room temperature. It may exist in air in the vapor form, although Polypropylene glycol 2000 must be heated or briskly shaken to produce a vapor. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is practically odorless and tasteless. 1.2 What happens to Polypropylene glycol 2000 when it enters the environment? Waste streams from the manufacture of Polypropylene glycol 2000 are primarily responsible for the releases into the air, water, and soil. Polypropylene glycol 2000 can enter the environment when it is used as a runway and aircraft de-icing agent. Polypropylene glycol 2000 can also enter the environment through the disposal of products that contains it. It is not likely to exist in large amounts in the air. We have little information about what happens to Polypropylene glycol 2000 in the air. The small amounts that may enter the air are likely to break down quickly. If it escapes into the air, it will take between 24 and 50 hours for half the amount released to break down. Polypropylene glycol 2000 can mix completely with water and can soak into soil. It can break down relatively quickly (within several days to a week) in surface water and in soil. Polypropylene glycol 2000 can also travel from certain types of food packages into the food in the package. 1.3 How might I be exposed to Polypropylene glycol 2000? Polypropylene glycol 2000 has been approved for use at certain levels in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products. If you eat food products, use cosmetics, or take medicines that contain it, you will be exposed to Polypropylene glycol 2000, but these amounts are not generally considered harmful. People who work in industries that use Polypropylene glycol 2000 may be exposed by touching these products or inhaling mists from spraying them. These exposures tend to be at low levels, however. Polypropylene glycol 2000 is used to make artificial smoke and mists for fire safety training, theatrical performances, and rock concerts. These artificial smoke products may also be used by private citizens. These products are frequently used in enclosed spaces, where exposure may be more intense. 1.4 How can Polypropylene glycol 2000 ether enter and leave my body? Polypropylene glycol 2000 can enter your bloodstream if you breathe air containing mists or vapors from this compound. It can also enter your bloodstream through your skin if you come in direct contact with it and do not wash it off. If you eat products that contain Polypropylene glycol 2000, it may enter your bloodstream. Exposure of the general population to Polypropylene glycol 2000 is likely since many foods, drugs, and cosmetics contain it. Polypropylene glycol 2000 breaks down in the body in about 48 hours. However, studies of people and animals show that if you have repeated eye, skin, nasal, or oral exposures to Polypropylene glycol 2000 for a short time, you may develop some irritation. 1.5 How can Polypropylene glycol 2000 affect my health? Polypropylene glycol 2000 breaks down at the same rate as ethylene glycol, although it does not form harmful crystals when it breaks down. Frequent skin exposure to Polypropylene glycol 2000 can sometimes irritate the skin. 1.6 Is there a medical test to determine whether I have been exposed to Polypropylene glycol 2000? Polypropylene glycol 2000 is generally considered to be a safe chemical, and is not routinely tested for, unless specific exposure, such as to a medicine or cosmetic, can be linked with the observed bad symptoms. Since Polypropylene glycol 2000 breaks down very quickly in the body, it is very difficult to detect. 1.7 What recommendations has the federal government made to protect human health? The government has developed regulations and guidelines for Polypropylene glycol 2000. These are designed to protect the public from potential adverse health effects. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has classified Polypropylene glycol 2000 as "generally recognized as safe," which means that it is acceptable for use in flavorings, drugs, and cosmetics, and as a direct food additive. According to the World Health Organization, the acceptable dietary intake of Polypropylene glycol 2000 is 25 mg of Polypropylene glycol 2000 for every kilogram (kg) of body weight. Allergic reaction Estimates on the prevalence of Polypropylene glycol 2000 allergy range from 0.8% (10% Polypropylene glycol 2000 in aqueous solution) to 3.5% (30% Polypropylene glycol 2000 in aqueous solution).[61][62][63] The North American Contact Dermatitis Group (NACDG) data from 1996 to 2006 showed that the most common site for Polypropylene glycol 2000 contact dermatitis was the face (25.9%), followed by a generalized or scattered pattern (23.7%).[61] Investigators believe that the incidence of allergic contact dermatitis to Polypropylene glycol 2000 may be greater than 2% in patients with eczema or fungal infections, which are very common in countries with lesser sun exposure and lower-than-normal vitamin D balances. Therefore, Polypropylene glycol 2000 allergy is more common in those countries. Because of its potential for allergic reactions and frequent use across a variety of topical and systemic products, Polypropylene glycol 2000 was named the American Contact Dermatitis Society's Allergen of the Year for 2018.[65][66] Recent publication from The Mayo Clinic reported 0.85% incidence of positive patch tests to Polypropylene glycol 2000 (100/11,738 patients) with an overall irritant rate of 0.35% (41/11,738 patients) during a 20-year period of 1997–2016.[67] 87% of the reactions were classified as weak and 9% as strong. The positive reaction rates were 0%, 0.26%, and 1.86% for 5%, 10%, and 20% Polypropylene glycol 2000 respectively, increasing with each concentration increase. The irritant reaction rates were 0.95%, 0.24%, and 0.5% for 5%, 10%, and 20% Polypropylene glycol 2000, respectively. Polypropylene glycol 2000 skin sensitization occurred in patients sensitive to a number of other concomitant positive allergens, most common of which were: Myroxylon pereirae resin, benzalkonium chloride, carba mix, potassium dichromate, neomycin sulfate; for positive Polypropylene glycol 2000 reactions, the overall median of 5 and mean of 5.6 concomitant positive allergens was reported.

POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) IUPAC Name 2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) InChI InChI=1S/C6H14O3/c1-5(8)4-9-6(2)3-7/h5-8H,3-4H2,1-2H3 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) InChI Key DUFKCOQISQKSAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Canonical SMILES CC(CO)OCC(C)O POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Molecular Formula C6H14O3 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) CAS 25322-69-4 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) European Community (EC) Number 500-039-8 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) RTECS Number TR5250000 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) UNII WNY0H4G53Q POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) DSSTox Substance ID DTXSID9027863 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Physical Description Polypropylene glycol appears as colorless liquid that is odorless or has a mild sweet odor. May float or sink in water. POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Color/Form Clear, lightly colored, slightly oily, viscous liquids POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Melting Point -58 °F POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Flash Point 390 to 495 °F POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Solubility Lower molecular weight members are sol in water POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Density 1.012 at 68 °F POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Vapor Pressure <0.01 mm Hg at 20 °C /contains 130-190 ppm proprietary phenolic antioxidant/ POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Stability/Shelf Life Quite stable chemically POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) pH Noncorrosive POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Odor Threshold 340 ppm POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Molecular Weight 134.17 g/mol POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) XLogP3 -0.7 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 3 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Rotatable Bond Count 4 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Exact Mass 134.094294 g/mol POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Monoisotopic Mass 134.094294 g/mol POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Topological Polar Surface Area 49.7 Ų POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Heavy Atom Count 9 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Formal Charge 0 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Complexity 65.3 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Isotope Atom Count 0 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 2 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1 POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Compound Is Canonicalized Yes Chemical Name: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Synonyms: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400); Poly (propylene oxide).CAS No.: 25322-69-4 Appearance: Colorless viscous liquid Product description: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) (PPG) POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) or polypropylene oxide is the polymer of propylene glycol. Chemically it is a polyether, and, more generally speaking, it's a polyalkylene glycol (PAG). The term POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) or PPG is reserved for low to medium range molar mass polymer when the nature of the end-group, which is usually a hydroxyl group, still matters. The term "oxide" is used for high molar mass polymer when end-groups no longer affect polymer properties. In 2003, 60% of the annual production of propylene oxide of 6.6×106 tonnes was converted into the polymer.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is produced by ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. The initiator is an alcohol and the catalyst a base, usually potassium hydroxide. When the initiator is ethylene glycol or water the polymer is linear. With a multifunctional initiator like glycerine, pentaerythritol or sorbitol the polymer branches out.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) has many properties in common with polyethylene glycol. The polymer is a liquid at room temperature. Solubility in water decreases rapidly with increasing molar mass. Secondary hydroxyl groups in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) are less reactive than primary hydroxyl groups in polyethylene glycol. POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is less toxic than PEG, so biotechnologicals are now produced in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400).Uses POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used in many formulations for polyurethanes. It is used as a rheology modifier.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a surfactant, wetting agent, dispersant in leather finishing.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is also employed as a tuning reference and calibrant in mass spectrometry.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a primary ingredient in the making of paintballs.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a primary ingredient in the making of some laxatives.It is used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations and in the manufacture of emulsifying or wetting agents and lubricants,suppress foaming in industrial processes and for making polyurethane resins, hydraulic fluids, and various other materials. It acts as swelling agent for the preparation and characterization of organo-modified SBA-15. POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) and tetraethoxysilane precursors play an important role for the preparation of superhydrophobic silica-based surfaces.In dilute aqueous solution unimers of Pluronic F127 associate to form micelles. In more concentrated solution, micelles pack to form high-modulus gels. Our interest is the effect of addition of 10–30 wt % low molecular weight POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 on the micellization and gelation of solutions of F127. DLS was used to determine the apparent size of the micelles (rh,app). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) using the dye solubilization method of F127 in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 solutions was studied. Visual observation was carried out to detect gel formation in concentrated solutions and the onset of clouding and turbidity, as the temperature was raised. Oscillatory rheometry was used to confirm the formation of high-modulus gels and provide values of elastic moduli (G′max) over a wide temperature range. SAXS was used to determine gel structure. Our results for the hydrophobic adduct POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 were compared with literature values for the hydrophilic adduct PEG6000.Crystallization grade POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) P 400 for formulating screens or for optimization.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 1000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 2,000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 700;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) P 400;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 700;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 2000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 1000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 400WHAT IS POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400/PROPYLENE GLYCOL OPHTHALMIC AND HOW DOES IT WORK? Polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic is an over-the-counter (OTC) product used to treat dry eyes.Polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic is available under the following different brand names: Systane Gel Drops, Systane Preservative-Free, Systane Ultra Preservative-Free, Systane Lubricant Eye Drops, and Systane Ultra.Dosages of Polyethylene Glycol 400/Propylene Glycol Ophthalmic:Dosage Forms and Strengths Ophthalmic Drops 0.4%/0.3% Dosage Considerations – Should be Given as Follows:Dry Eyes Shake well before use.Instill 1-2 drop(s) in affected eye(s) as needed.Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients.WHAT ARE SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH USING POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400/PROPYLENE GLYCOL OPHTHALMIC? Side effects of polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic include A POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), propylene glycol initiated, 400 molecular weight homopolymer diol. It is a multipurpose short diol, which can be blended with other polyols for the production of two component compact or foamed systems and one component prepolymer based products for coatings, adhesives and sealants with a variety of end uses such as elastomers, adhesives, coatings, and sealants.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), propylene glycol initiated. Can be blended with other polyols for the production of two component compact or foamed systems and one component prepolymer based products for coatings.Chemical Name: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Synonyms: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400); Poly (propylene oxide).CAS No.: 25322-69-4 Appearance: Colorless viscous liquid Product description: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) (PPG) POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) or polypropylene oxide is the polymer of propylene glycol. Chemically it is a polyether, and, more generally speaking, it's a polyalkylene glycol (PAG). The term POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) or PPG is reserved for low to medium range molar mass polymer when the nature of the end-group, which is usually a hydroxyl group, still matters. The term "oxide" is used for high molar mass polymer when end-groups no longer affect polymer properties. In 2003, 60% of the annual production of propylene oxide of 6.6×106 tonnes was converted into the polymer.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is produced by ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. The initiator is an alcohol and the catalyst a base, usually potassium hydroxide. When the initiator is ethylene glycol or water the polymer is linear. With a multifunctional initiator like glycerine, pentaerythritol or sorbitol the polymer branches out.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) has many properties in common with polyethylene glycol. The polymer is a liquid at room temperature. Solubility in water decreases rapidly with increasing molar mass. Secondary hydroxyl groups in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) are less reactive than primary hydroxyl groups in polyethylene glycol. POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is less toxic than PEG, so biotechnologicals are now produced in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400).Uses POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used in many formulations for polyurethanes. It is used as a rheology modifier.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a surfactant, wetting agent, dispersant in leather finishing.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is also employed as a tuning reference and calibrant in mass spectrometry.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a primary ingredient in the making of paintballs.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a primary ingredient in the making of some laxatives.It is used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations and in the manufacture of emulsifying or wetting agents and lubricants,suppress foaming in industrial processes and for making polyurethane resins, hydraulic fluids, and various other materials. It acts as swelling agent for the preparation and characterization of organo-modified SBA-15. POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) and tetraethoxysilane precursors play an important role for the preparation of superhydrophobic silica-based surfaces.In dilute aqueous solution unimers of Pluronic F127 associate to form micelles. In more concentrated solution, micelles pack to form high-modulus gels. Our interest is the effect of addition of 10–30 wt % low molecular weight POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 on the micellization and gelation of solutions of F127. DLS was used to determine the apparent size of the micelles (rh,app). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) using the dye solubilization method of F127 in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 solutions was studied. Visual observation was carried out to detect gel formation in concentrated solutions and the onset of clouding and turbidity, as the temperature was raised. Oscillatory rheometry was used to confirm the formation of high-modulus gels and provide values of elastic moduli (G′max) over a wide temperature range. SAXS was used to determine gel structure. Our results for the hydrophobic adduct POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 were compared with literature values for the hydrophilic adduct PEG6000.Crystallization grade POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) P 400 for formulating screens or for optimization.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 1000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 2,000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 700;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) P 400;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 700;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 2000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 1000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 400WHAT IS POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400/PROPYLENE GLYCOL OPHTHALMIC AND HOW DOES IT WORK? Polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic is an over-the-counter (OTC) product used to treat dry eyes.Polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic is available under the following different brand names: Systane Gel Drops, Systane Preservative-Free, Systane Ultra Preservative-Free, Systane Lubricant Eye Drops, and Systane Ultra.Dosages of Polyethylene Glycol 400/Propylene Glycol Ophthalmic:Dosage Forms and Strengths Ophthalmic Drops 0.4%/0.3% Dosage Considerations – Should be Given as Follows:Dry Eyes Shake well before use.Instill 1-2 drop(s) in affected eye(s) as needed.Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients.WHAT ARE SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH USING POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400/PROPYLENE GLYCOL OPHTHALMIC? Side effects of polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic include A POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), propylene glycol initiated, 400 molecular weight homopolymer diol. It is a multipurpose short diol, which can be blended with other polyols for the production of two component compact or foamed systems and one component prepolymer based products for coatings, adhesives and sealants with a variety of end uses such as elastomers, adhesives, coatings, and sealants.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), propylene glycol initiated. Can be blended with other polyols for the production of two component compact or foamed systems and one component prepolymer based products for coatings.Chemical Name: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) Synonyms: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400); Poly (propylene oxide).CAS No.: 25322-69-4 Appearance: Colorless viscous liquid Product description: POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) (PPG) POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) or polypropylene oxide is the polymer of propylene glycol. Chemically it is a polyether, and, more generally speaking, it's a polyalkylene glycol (PAG). The term POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) or PPG is reserved for low to medium range molar mass polymer when the nature of the end-group, which is usually a hydroxyl group, still matters. The term "oxide" is used for high molar mass polymer when end-groups no longer affect polymer properties. In 2003, 60% of the annual production of propylene oxide of 6.6×106 tonnes was converted into the polymer.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is produced by ring-opening polymerization of propylene oxide. The initiator is an alcohol and the catalyst a base, usually potassium hydroxide. When the initiator is ethylene glycol or water the polymer is linear. With a multifunctional initiator like glycerine, pentaerythritol or sorbitol the polymer branches out.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) has many properties in common with polyethylene glycol. The polymer is a liquid at room temperature. Solubility in water decreases rapidly with increasing molar mass. Secondary hydroxyl groups in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) are less reactive than primary hydroxyl groups in polyethylene glycol. POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is less toxic than PEG, so biotechnologicals are now produced in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400).Uses POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used in many formulations for polyurethanes. It is used as a rheology modifier.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a surfactant, wetting agent, dispersant in leather finishing.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is also employed as a tuning reference and calibrant in mass spectrometry.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a primary ingredient in the making of paintballs.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) is used as a primary ingredient in the making of some laxatives.It is used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical preparations and in the manufacture of emulsifying or wetting agents and lubricants,suppress foaming in industrial processes and for making polyurethane resins, hydraulic fluids, and various other materials. It acts as swelling agent for the preparation and characterization of organo-modified SBA-15. POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) and tetraethoxysilane precursors play an important role for the preparation of superhydrophobic silica-based surfaces.In dilute aqueous solution unimers of Pluronic F127 associate to form micelles. In more concentrated solution, micelles pack to form high-modulus gels. Our interest is the effect of addition of 10–30 wt % low molecular weight POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 on the micellization and gelation of solutions of F127. DLS was used to determine the apparent size of the micelles (rh,app). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) using the dye solubilization method of F127 in POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 solutions was studied. Visual observation was carried out to detect gel formation in concentrated solutions and the onset of clouding and turbidity, as the temperature was raised. Oscillatory rheometry was used to confirm the formation of high-modulus gels and provide values of elastic moduli (G′max) over a wide temperature range. SAXS was used to determine gel structure. Our results for the hydrophobic adduct POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400)400 were compared with literature values for the hydrophilic adduct PEG6000.Crystallization grade POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) P 400 for formulating screens or for optimization.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 1000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 2,000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), DIOL TYPE, 700;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) P 400;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 700;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 2000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 1000;POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400) 400WHAT IS POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400/PROPYLENE GLYCOL OPHTHALMIC AND HOW DOES IT WORK? Polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic is an over-the-counter (OTC) product used to treat dry eyes.Polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic is available under the following different brand names: Systane Gel Drops, Systane Preservative-Free, Systane Ultra Preservative-Free, Systane Lubricant Eye Drops, and Systane Ultra.Dosages of Polyethylene Glycol 400/Propylene Glycol Ophthalmic:Dosage Forms and Strengths Ophthalmic Drops 0.4%/0.3% Dosage Considerations – Should be Given as Follows:Dry Eyes Shake well before use.Instill 1-2 drop(s) in affected eye(s) as needed.Safety and efficacy not established in pediatric patients.WHAT ARE SIDE EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH USING POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 400/PROPYLENE GLYCOL OPHTHALMIC? Side effects of polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol ophthalmic include A POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), propylene glycol initiated, 400 molecular weight homopolymer diol. It is a multipurpose short diol, which can be blended with other polyols for the production of two component compact or foamed systems and one component prepolymer based products for coatings, adhesives and sealants with a variety of end uses such as elastomers, adhesives, coatings, and sealants.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL 400 (POLİPROPİLEN GLİKOL 400), propylene glycol initiated. Can be blended with other polyols for the production of two component compact or foamed systems and one component prepolymer based products for coatings.Follow all directions on the product package. If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist. Do not use a solution that has changed color or is cloudy. Certain brands (containing glycerin with polysorbates, among other ingredients) may have a milky appearance. This is okay as long as the solution does not change color. Some eye drops need to be shaken before use. Check the label to see if you should shake your product before using.Usually, drops may be used as often as needed. Ointments are usually used 1 to 2 times daily as needed. If using an ointment once a day, it may be best to use it at bedtime.To apply eye ointment/drops/gels: Wash hands first. To avoid contamination, be careful not to touch the dropper or top of the ointment tube or let it touch your eye. Always replace the cap tightly after each use. Tilt your head back, look up, and pull down the lower eyelid to make a pouch. For drops/gels, place the dropper directly over the eye and squeeze out 1 or 2 drops as needed. Look down and gently close your eye for 1 or 2 minutes. Place one finger at the corner of the eye near the nose and apply gentle pressure. This will prevent the medication from draining away from the eye. For an ointment, hold the tube directly over the eye and gently squeeze a small strip (one-fourth of an inch or roughly 6 millimeters) of ointment into the pouch. Release the eyelid, close the eye, and slowly roll your eye in all directions to spread the medication. Blot away any extra ointment from around the eye with a clean tissue.If you are also using another kind of eye medication (e.g., drops or ointments), wait at least 5 minutes before applying other medications. Use eye drops before eye ointments to allow the eye drops to enter the eye.If you wear contact lenses, remove them before using most kinds of eye lubricants. Ask your doctor or pharmacist when you may replace your contact lenses. There are a few types of eye lubricants (some that contain polysorbates) that can be used while wearing contact lenses. Check the package to see if you can wear your contact lenses while using your product.Tell your doctor if your condition persists or worsens after 3 days.Vision may be temporarily blurred when this product is first used. Also, minor burning/stinging/irritation may temporarily occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly.If your doctor has directed you to use this medication, remember that he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects.Tell your doctor right away if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: eye pain, change in vision, continued eye redness/irritation.A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.This is not a complete list of possible side effects. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or if you have any other allergies. This product may contain inactive ingredients, which can cause allergic reactions or other problems. Talk to your pharmacist for more details.If you have any health problems, consult your doctor or pharmacist before using this product.This product (especially ointments) may temporarily cause blurred vision right after being placed in the eye(s). Do not drive, use machinery, or do any activity that requires clear vision until you are sure you can perform such activities safely.Consult your pharmacist or physician.If you are using this product under your doctor's direction, your doctor or pharmacist may already be aware of any possible drug interactions and may be monitoring you for them. Do not start, stop, or change the dosage of any medicine before checking with your doctor or pharmacist first.Before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all prescription and nonprescription/herbal products you may use, especially of: other eye medications.This document does not contain all possible interactions. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share the list with your doctor and pharmacist./Used in/ polyurethanes, surfactants, and the medical area ... used as lubricants, dispersants, antistatic agents, foam control agents, in printing inks, in printing processes, and as solubilizers... used in aqueous hydraulic fluids and in coolant compositions... in secondary oil recovery operations, as plastic additives, in nonpolyurethane adhesives, and in propellant compositions. In the medical field they find applications as protective bandages, in drug delivery systems, in organ preservation, in dental compositions, and as a fat substitute.Used as lubricants, solvents, plasticizers, softening agents, antifoaming agents, mold-release agents, and intermediates in the production of resins, surface-active agents, and a large series of ethers and esters. They are widely used in hydraulic fluid compositions.Of all polyether polyols (incl polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, and propylene oxide-ethylene oxide copolymers), 65% were used in polyurethane flexible foam; 9% in polyurethane rigid foam; 7% in noncellular polyurethane applications; 8% for surface-active agents; 8% for lubricants and functional fluids; & 3% for misc applications.Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL is an alcohol. Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents. They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water. Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones. Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior. They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Polypropylene glycol is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.Low molecular weight polypropylene glycols (200 to 1200) have appreciable acute oral toxicity, are mildly irritating to the eyes, are not irritating to the skin, and although they are absorbed through the skin to some extent, skin penetration does not present a serious industrial hazard. The inhalation of mists or vapors from heated material, particularly low molecular weight material, could be hazardous. These materials ... are rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, are potent CNS stimulants, and readily cause cardiac arrhythmias. The higher molecular weight materials whose average molecular weights are 2000 or more have very low toxicity by all routes and do not have the stimulant effect upon the CNS typical of the lower molecular weight materials.

cas no 68610-92-4 Polymer JR; Quaternium-19; 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propoxy) ethyl cellulose, chloride; Cellulose, omega-ether with ethoxylated 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propanol, chloride; Hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate, quaternized;

cas no 53633-54-8 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-; 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester; polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulphate;

Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternary ammonium polymer formed by the reaction of diethylsulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate.
Polyquaternium 11 is a cloudy, straw-colored liquid.
Polyquaternium 11 is in the chemical class known as quaternary ammonium compounds (generally referred to as a "Quat").


CAS Number: 53633-54-8
EC Number: 611-022-0
MDL Number: MFCD00284283
Molecular Formula: C18H34N2O7S / (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H10O4S


Polyquaternium 11 is the polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate.
Polyquaternium 11 mades from cellulose.
Polyquaternium 11 is a cloud, straw-colored film former and anti-static agent widely used in hair care products.


Polyquaternium 11 refers to the "Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate".
Polyquaternium 11 is in the chemical class known as quaternary ammonium compounds.
These compounds are positively charged tetra-substituted nitrogen derivatives.


Polyquaternium 11 is available in two forms: approximately 50% Polyquaternium 11 dissolved in alcohol, and 19% dissolved in water with both forms referred to as “commercial Polyquaternium 11.
Polyquaternium 11 acts as a setting polymer and conditioning agent.
INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation.


Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium".
Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer.
Polyquaternium 11 is a cationic copolymer.
Polyquaternium 11 is no irritation to eye and skin.


Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Polyquaternium 11 is a cloud, straw-colored film former and anti-static agent.
Clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour.
Supplied as 20% active in water.


Polyquaternium 11 is a highly viscous aqueous solution, Miscible with water and ethanol, Slightly characteristic odor.
Polyquaternium 11 is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt supplied in 20% aqueous solution and preserved with Phenoxy Ethanol.
Polyquaternium 11 is Turbid, straw-yellow liquid, made from cellulose.
Polyquat is short for polyquaternium.


Polyquaternium 11 is copolymer (vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate).
Polyquaternium 11 is the polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate.
Polyquaternium 11- A cationic conditioning ingredient which has moderate potential for build-up.


Polyquats are cationic (positively charged) polymers that help to improve shine and softness while reducing frizz, breakage, and split-ends.
Polyquaternium 11 is a straw yellow colored liquid of synthetic origin.
Polyquaternium 11 is a substantive cationic copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and quaternized vinylimidazole (QVI).
Possesses very fine conditioning and firm effects.


Polyquaternium 11 is water miscible, but not water soluble.
Polyquaternium is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry.
Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer.
Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternary ammonium copolymer, obtained by the reaction of diethyl sulfate and copolymers of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.


Polyquaternium 11 is a straw yellow colored liquid of synthetic origin.
Polyquaternium 11 is not considered dangerous for human health.
Polyquaternium 11 is called Polyquaternium 11.
Some of these ingredients help your hair hold on to hair dye longer or provide UV protection.


Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions.
Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin.
Some have antimicrobial properties.


As a film-forming agent with macromolecular structure, Polyquaternium 11 has distinguished styling, conditioning and cationic properties.
Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternary ammonium copolymer.
The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.


Polyquaterniums are "active ingredients" or functional ingredients in hair care.
They're not there to make the product look pretty or smell nice or feel nice, they're used because they actively condition or detangle or because they form a film that creates "hold" in a product.


Polyquaternium Chemical Identity
*Polyquaternium-1 Ethanol, 2,2′,2″ -nitrilotris-, polymer with 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2-*butene-1,4-diamine
*Polyquaternium-2 Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea]


*Polyquaternium-4 Hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl diallylammonium chloride copolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-hydroxyethyl cellulose copolymer
*Polyquaternium-5 Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate


*Polyquaternium-6 Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
*Polyquaternium-7 Copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride
*Polyquaternium-8 Copolymer of methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with dimethylsulphate


*Polyquaternium-9 Homopolymer of N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with bromomethane
*Polyquaternium-10 Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose
*Polyquaternium 11 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate


*Polyquaternium-12 Ethyl methacrylate / abietyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate
*Polyquaternium-13 Ethyl methacrylate / oleyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate


*Polyquaternium-14 Trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate homopolymer
*Polyquaternium-15 Acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride copolymer
*Polyquaternium-16 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole


*Polyquaternium-17 Adipic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer
*Polyquaternium-18 Azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer
*Polyquaternium-19 Copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 2,3-epoxypropylamine


*Polyquaternium-20 Copolymer of polyvinyl octadecyl ether and 2,3-epoxypropylamine
*Polyquaternium-22 Copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride
*Polyquaternium-24 Quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide.


*Polyquaternium-27 Block copolymer of Polyquaternium-2 and Polyquaternium-17
*Polyquaternium-28 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium
*Polyquaternium-29 Chitosan modified with propylen oxide and quaternized with epichlorhydrin


*Polyquaternium-30 Ethanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]-, inner salt, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
*Polyquaternium-31 N,N- dimethylaminopropyl-N-acrylamidine quatemized with diethylsulfate bound to a block of polyacrylonitrile


*Polyquaternium-32 Poly(acrylamide 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride)
*Polyquaternium-33 Copolymer of trimethylaminoethylacrylate salt and acrylamide
*Polyquaternium-34 Copolymer of 1,3-dibromopropane and N,N-diethyl-N′,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine


*Polyquaternium-35 Methosulphate of the copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium and of methacryloyloxyethyldimethylacetylammonium
*Polyquaternium-36 Copolymer of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and buthylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethylsulphate


*Polyquaternium-37 Poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride)
*Polyquaternium-39 Terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride
*Polyquaternium-42 Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene (dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride]


*Polyquaternium-43 Copolymer of acrylamide, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 2-amidopropylacrylamide sulfonate and dimethylaminopropylamine
*Polyquaternium-44 3-Methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer


*Polyquaternium-45 Copolymer of (N-methyl-N-ethoxyglycine)methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate
*Polyquaternium-46 Terpolymer of vinylcaprolactam, vinylpyrrolidone, and quaternized vinylimidazole
*Polyquaternium-47 Terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
Polyquaternium 11 is a From reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate Polyquaternium 11 uses and applications include: Antistat, film-former in cosmetics; conditioner for hair conditioners, rinses, sprays, shampoos, dyes, semipermanents, deodorants, antiperspirants, shaving preparations, antiseptics, toilet soaps, skin creams, sunburn remedies.
Different polyquaterniums and quaterniums tend to be chemically distinct from each other and have a wide range of uses.


Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions.
Cosmetics uses of Polyquaternium 11: Antistatic; Film forming
Polyquaternium 11 is a conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.
Polyquaternium 11 provides shine, detangling and de-frizzing benefits to hair conditioners and shampoos by coating the hair in a clear film that adds visible and sensorial volume


Polyquarternium 11 is readily dissolved in water and thus Polyquaternium 11 is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.
When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Polyquaternium 11 before surfactants for ease of dispersal.
Cosmetic Uses of Polyquaternium 11: antistatic agents, and film formers
Polyquaternium 11 can form a clear and uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film is basically non-sticky.


Polyquaternium 11 has cationic properties.
Polyquaternium 11 can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium 11 provides conditioning effect in shampoos and body creams.
Polyquaternium 11 also helps make hair easier to comb.


Particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.
Polyquaternium 11 creates a film in hair stylers.
Polyquaternium 11 increases skin feeling in shaving products, creams, deodorant, antiperspant, liquid and solid soaps.
When formulating in hot process applications, add to the water phase and disperse.


Polyquaternium 11 is resilient to heat.
Polyquaternium 11 when used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel will enhance the foam levels.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Polyquaternium 11 is primarily used in the formulation of hair care products with limited use in other product types.
”Pure, or undiluted, Polyquaternium 11 is not available for use in cosmetics and personal care products.


Polyquaternium 11 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.
Polyquaternium 11 is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.
Polyquaternium 11 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium 11 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.


Polyquaternium 11 has cationic properties.
Polyquaternium 11 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 is used as a film-former (coats the hair) and to keep product from separating.
Polyquaternium 11 gives hair shine.


This clings to hair to make Polyquaternium 11 feel thicker.
Polyquaternium 11 functions as an antistatic agent, a film former and a hair fixative.
This is a resin that produces some build up.
Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.


Excellent for use with blow drying and straighteners where Polyquaternium 11 can provide thermal protection for the hair.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin.
Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternized conditioning polymer well known for Polyquaternium 11's hair conditioning and film forming properties.
Polyquaternium 11 provides shine, detangling and de-frizzing benefits to our hair conditioners and shampoos.


Polyquaternium 11 is used Hair conditioner, mousse, shampoo, perm, hair conditioner
Polyquaternium 11 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
Polyquaternium 11 is found to suppress melanin elution in shampoo thus may prevent hair from dulling after repeated shampoo use.
Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate, acts as a fixative,film-forming and conditioning agent.


Polyquaternium 11 is used for conditioning, to increase ease of combing, and to give body.
This forms a clear, non-sticky, glossy film on the hair and Polyquaternium 11's used to provide conditioning in styling products as well as providing excellent curl retention.
Polyquaternium 11 also makes it so much easier to comb your hair.


Polyquaternium 11 is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Polyquaternium 11 is an ingredient which improves combability, enhances natural shine and provides smoothness and soft skin feel.
Provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 makes the hair easier to comb.


Polyquaternium 11 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium 11 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.
Polyquaternium 11 is used Film former and anti-static agent
Polyquaternium 11 provides excellent lubricity on wet hair and ease of combing and detangling on dry hair.


Polyquaternium 11 when used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel will enhance the foam levels.
Polyquaternium 11 is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.
Polyquaternium 11 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 improves skin feel, provides smoothness during application and skin conditioning.


Polyquaternium 11 can form a clear, uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film is basically not sticky.
Polyquats are commonly found in hair products as antistatic agents to neutralize charge build-up in the hair as well as skin products as film-forming agents.
Polyquaternium 11 can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium 11 is a multifunctional polymer and Polyquaternium 11 is used in cosmetic formulations.


Polyquaternium 11 acts as a conditioning agent and film-former,styling auxiliary.
Polyquaterniums (Polyquats) are polycationic polymers designated by the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) for use in the personal care industry.
They are polymers containing a quaternary ammonium cation which is positively charged.
Polyquaternium 11's a light yellow clear viscous liquid, which is primarily used in Hair Care applications as Film Former, Hair fixative, Anti-Static Agent and conditioning polymer.


In addition Polyquaternium 11 adds a layer of thermal protection to your hair when using a hairdryer or straighteners.
Polyquaternium 11 finds application in formulating conditioners, shampoos, shower & bath products and hair styling aids (perms, bleaches & colorants).
Polyquaternium 11 is used Hair Care, Hair Cleansing, Hair Conditioning, Hair Styling, Hair Treatment, Skin Care
Polyquaternium 11 is used as an additive to increase comfort in products such as moisturizer, body lotion and aftershave.


Polyquaternium 11 is suggested for use in mousses, gels, styling sprays , novelty stylers, leave-in conditioning lotions, body care, color cosmetics, and facial care applications.
Polyquaternium 11 is used Antistatic agent, film-forming agent, hair fixative, hair care agent
Polyquaternium 11 can form a transparent and homogeneous liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film does not show stickiness.


Particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.
Polyquaternium 11 can form a transparent and homogeneous liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film does not show stickiness.
Polyquaternium 11 has cationic properties.
Polyquaternium 11 is used as a long-acting curling liquid, setting agent in shampoos and cleansing products.


Polyquaternium 11 is used Film forming agent in hair styling products.
Polyquaternium 11 is used Compatible with nonionic, anionic, amphoteric surfactants
Polyquaternium 11 is mainly used in mousse, hair spray, shampoo, hair conditioner, hair dye,
etc.


Polyquaternium 11 is often used in hair mousses because it provides light hold.
The film-forming plus the cationic nature of Polyquaternium 11 can give hair a tacky feel while on the hair and after rinsing.
As a copolymer of VP and an acrylate, Polyquaternium 11 is less susceptible to humidity than VP homopolymer.
Polyquaternium 11 is generally recommended for mousses and creams, where it can moisturize as well as aid in styling.


In cosmetics and personal care products, Polyquaternium 11 is mainly used in the formulations of hair care products with limited use in other types of products.
Polyquaternium 11’s a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Polyquaternium 11 provides instant detangling, whilst adding volume and body to your hair.
Polyquaternium 11 forms clear, non-tacky, continuous films and helps build body to hair while leaving it manageable.


Polyquaternium 11 can also be used with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium 11 increases foaming of products.
Polyquaternium 11 is added to skin and hair care products (including so-called semi-natural colors).
Common derivative of the polyquaternium group used to enhance the texture of hair care products.


Polyquaternium 11 is more commonly used in hair products such as mousse because of its holding ability.
These molecules make great conditioning agents and are especially useful for damaged, chemically treated, or high porosity (negatively charged) hair.
Polyquats typically work by forming a protective film around the hair, meaning they strongly bind to negatively charged hair, especially bleached or chemically treated hair.


Conditioning agent in conditioning shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Polyquaternium 11 provides instant detangling while adding volume and body.
Polyquaternium 11 is used Affinity to hair, Makes hair more easily to be combed, lustrous, neat, flattening
Excellent for use with blow drying and straighteners where Polyquaternium 11 can provide thermal protection for the hair.


Polyquaternium 11, This ingredient "clings" to the hair to make it appear thicker.
Polyquaternium 11 also makes the hair easier to comb and gives shine to the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 is used Film former in styling products, such as aerosol mousses, gels and glazes.
Spray on products for conditioning and blow-drying.


Polyquaternium 11 improves the appearance of the hair, acts as an antistatic agent and softener.
Polyquaternium 11 is used as an emulsifier and preservative because Polyquaternium 11 pairs well with surfactants.
Polyquaternium 11 is an additive for improved skin feel in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, deodorants and antiperspirants, liquid and bar soaps.


Polyquaternium 11 provides thermal/mechanical protection in styling products.
Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, and contact lens solutions.
Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.


Polyquaternium 11 is used as an alternative to Sodium Benzoate.
Polyquaternium 11 is generally used in cosmetics as emulsifiers and preservatives because they pair well with surfactants, they only work as conditioners, they precipitate on the hair after shampooing.
This styling and conditioning polymer is mainly applied in mousses, conditioners, hair spray gels, shampoos, styling, curl, and hair dyes.


Polyquaternium 11 helps increase the ability to foam, create films.
Polyquaternium 11 is added to skin and hair care products (including so-called semi-natural colors).
They improve the appearance of the hair, act as antistatic agents and softeners.
Polyquaternium 11 promotes good combing of hair, gives it shine, works as a styling agent, is characterized by a certain degree of stickiness.


-Polyquaternium 11:
Provides light hold and is therefore often used in mousses.
On the flip side, Polyquaternium 11 can give hair a tacky feeling, before or after rinsing with water.


-Polyquaternium 11 is considered to be a conditioner if Polyquaternium 11 improves the quality of the surface to which Polyquaternium 11 is applied, particularly if this improvement involves the correction or prevention of certain aspects associated with surface damage.
Conditioning of the hair and skin must be a continuous process, as both substrates are in a constant cycle of shedding and renewal.
The main difference between hair and skin is that skin is basically a living organ that replaces its outermost layer on a frequent basis.
Hair, in contrast, is basically dead material derived from a few live cells deep within the skin surface.


-Like polyquats, silicones also coat and strongly bind to the hair.
In addition, silicones repel water which is why many curlies following the Curly Girl Method avoid using products containing silicones.
Curlies with high porosity hair that tends to become stringy, sticky, crusty, dull, rough, or unusually frizzy when wet, may be better off avoiding products with polyquats.


-In the ingredient descriptions:
Good means that I like to see this in Polyquaternium 11's list of ingredients.
Okay means Polyquaternium 11 appears safe for a curly person like me to use.


-Polyquats are often water-soluble but because they tightly grip onto hair, do not rinse off.
Even with sulfated shampoos, some polyquats are notoriously difficult to remove.
The best Curly Girl friendly detergent for removing polyquats is C14-16 olefin sulfonate (but Polyquaternium 11 can be drying so use it in moderation).
Find the best products with C14-16 olefin sulfonate, here.


-Polyquaternium 11 is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Polyquaternium 11 provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 makes the hair easier to comb.


-Polyquaternium 11 can form a transparent, non-adhesive and flexible continuous film; Polyquaternium 11 has affinity to the hair, provides a softening and firming effect and accumulates very little, which makes it easy to comb the hair, making it shiny, smooth and make hair easier; may be compatible with anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants; Does not irritate eyes and skin.


-If you want your hair to hold for days and not be affected by humidity, polyquats are great.
They appear to bind more tightly to low porosity hair long-term than to high porosity hair.
Thus, low porosity hair may get that coated feeling, and high porosity hair more of a tangled, matted, dull appearance with polyquat build-up.


-Polyquaternium 11 acts as an antistatic (reduces static charges by neutralizing the electrical charge on the hair surface)and as hair conditioner and combability aid (reduces or prevents the confusion of the hair due to changes or damage to the hair surface and thus improves the combability).
This is because the molecules of the Polyquaternium 11 are positively charged.
They attach themselves to the (negatively charged) hair shaft and form a coherent film (film former) on the hair surface.
This makes the hair appear smoother and easier to comb.



BENEFITS of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
*Multi-functional hair care ingredient
*Excellent fixative, anti static and conditioning agent
*Forms non sticky, clear and continuous films
*Enhances natural shine and combability
*Provides smooth skin feel



WHAT DOES POLYQUATERNIUM 11 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antistatic
*Film forming



CHARACTERISTICS of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
*High viscous aqueous solution;
*Miscible with water and ethanol
*Slightly characteristic odor;



FUNCTIONS of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
*Antistatic:
Reduces static electricity by neutralizing the electrical charge on a surface

*Film forming agent:
Produces a continuous film on the skin, hair or nails
Polyquaternium 11 is a cloud, straw-colored film former and anti-static agent widely used in hair care products.
Polyquaternium 11 also has anti-bacterial properties, although research did not confirm this assertion.

Polyquaternium 11 is available in two forms: 50% Polyquaternium 11 dissolved in alcohol, and 19% dissolved in water. Pure Polyquaternium 11 is not available for use in cosmetics and beauty products.
The CIR approves Polyquaternium 11 for use below certain concentrations.
Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, and contact lens solutions.

Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin.
1. Antistatic Agent - Reduces or eliminates the build up of static electricity.
2. Film-Forming Agent - Leaves a coating on the surface of skin/hair
3. Hair Fixative - Sets the hairstyle in place and prevents hair frizziness



HOW DOES POLYQUATERNIUM 11 WORK HAIR?
Since they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos, relaxers, hair proteins etc. helping the hair to lay flat.
Their positive charge, ionically bond to the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 is particularly useful to use cationic polymers on hair exposed to high alkalinity relaxers to decrease damage to hair.
They attach to the hair and provide conditioning benefits such as ease of combing, hair alignment, elasticity and shine.
Polyquaternium also helps to reduce flyaways & static.



HOW TO USE POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
Polyquaternium 11 is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick. Gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
Molecular Weight : 422.5
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish transparent liquid
Viscosity(25°2%C/mpa.s): 20000-60000
Solid content(%): 20.0±1.0
Residual monomer: ≤0.1
Ph: 5~7
Heavy Metal: ≤0.002
ASH(%): ≤0.1
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling Point: 70.6ºC
Molecular Formula: (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H10O4S
Molecular Weight: 422.537
Flash Point: 70.6ºC
Exact Mass: 422.208679
PSA: 110.83000
LogP: 2.74250
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.369

Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 187.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.644000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 159.00 °F. TCC ( 70.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.500 (est)
Soluble in: water, 61.44 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Appearance: Clear viscous liquid
Vapor Pressure: Not determined
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
Vapor Density: Not determined
Odor Threshold: No data available
Specific Gravity: No Data
pH: 5.0-7.0 Water Solubility: Soluble
Melting Point / freezing point: -7°C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not Available

Boiling Point: No Data
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not Available
Flash Point (COC): No Data
Decomposition Temperature: Not Available
Evaporation Rate: Not Applicable
Viscosity (cP): 20,000 ~ 60,000cps (25°C)
Flammability (solid, gas): Not Applicable
Explosion Properties: None
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not Applicable
Oxidizing Properties: None
Molecular Weight: 422.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Coun: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass: 422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area: 111 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 402
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight: 422.5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass: 422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area: 111
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Complexity: 402
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
-Description of First Aid Measures:
*Eye Contact:
Wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water or normal saline.
Get medical attention immediately.
*Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash with soap or mild detergent and large amounts of water.
Get medical attention, if needed
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
-Environmental Precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and Material for Containment and Cleaning Up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
-Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, alcohol resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
-Exposure Controls:
--Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use chemical goggles or face shield.
*Hand Protection:
Use chemical resistant gloves.
*Body Protection:
Wear appropriate chemical resistant clothing.
*Other:
An eye wash facility should be available in the work area.
Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.
--Environmental Exposure Controls:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
-Precautions for Safe Handling:
Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
-Conditions for Safe Storage, Including any Incompatibilities:
Keep container in a cool, well-ventiatled place.
-Specific end use(s):
Active ingredient in cosmetic and personal care applications.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
-Reactivity:
Not reactive under normal conditions of use.
-Chemical Stability:
Stable at normal temperatures and pressure.
-Possibility of Hazardous Reactions:
Possible hazardous reactions at normal temperatures and pressure are not reported.



SYNONYMS:
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester
polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulphate
diethyl sulfate
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-
2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester
polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate
UNII-0B44BS5IJS
Quaternium-23
0B44BS5IJS
SCHEMBL444003
CS-0453451
Dehyquart CC 11
Flocare C 111
Gafquat 440
Gafquat 734
Gafquat 755
Gafquat 755N
Gafquat 755N-P
Gafquat 755N-PP
Gafquat 755N-PW
HC 1NS
HC Polymer 1N
HC Polymer 1NS
HC Polymer 1S
HC Polymer 1S(M)
HC Polymer 2L
HC Polymer 3A
HC Polymer 5
Luviquat PQ 11
Luviquat PQ 11PN
PQ-22
HTH-4PQ-11
PQ 11 PN (1)
poly quart 11
Luviquat PQ 11 PN
Polyquaternium-11
Polyquaternium D 11
LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN
PolyquaterniuM 11 (PQ11)
polyquaternium-11, Fandachem
PQ 11
PQ 11PN
Polyquat 11
Polyquaternium 11
Quaternium 23
2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate compound with diethyl sulfate and 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (1:1:1)
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl esterpolymer with1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl2-methyl-2-propenoate, compd. with diethyl sulfateSulfuric acid
diethyl ester, compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl2-meth
2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate
2-Propenol acid, 2-methyl-2-(dimethlamino) ethyl ester, polymer and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compound with diethyl sulfate
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, compound with diethyl sulfate
Poly[(2-ethyldimethylammonioethyl methacrylate ethyl sulfate)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)] average Mw <1,000,000 by GPC, 20 wt. % in H2O
2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate
poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate),quaternizedsolution
yl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate
N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt
N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE/DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER, QUATERNIZED
POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE), QUATERNIZED
poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) diethyl sulfate
POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE/2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE), DIMETHYL SULFATE QUATERNARY
Polyquaternium-11
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester, polymer and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate Quaternium-23
Vinylpyrrolidonedimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymerdiethyl sulfate reaction product
2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester,polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd. with diethyl sulfate
2-Pyrrolidinone,1-ethenyl-,polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate,compd. with diethyl sulfate
Sulfuric acid,diethyl ester,compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone Polymer With 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-Methyl-2-propenoate Compound With Diethyl Sulfate
Sulfuric Acid Diethyl Ester Compound With 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-Methyl-2-propenoate Polymer With 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
Celquat 200
Copolymer 755
N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone Copolymer Diethyl Sulfate Salt
Gafquat 734
Gafquat 755
Quaternium 23
Polyquaternium 11
Celquat 200
Polyquat 11
Luviquat PQ 11;Copolymer 755
HC Polymer 2L
N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt
Gafquat 755N-P
Gafquat 440
HC Polymer 1N
HC Polymer 5
Luviquat PQ 11PN
PQ 11PN;Gafquat 755N-PP
HC 1NS
Gafquat 755N-PW
Gafquat 755N
HC Polymer 1S
HC Polymer 3
HC Polymer 1S(M)
Dehyquart CC 11
Flocare C 111
HC Polymer 1NS
PQ 11
Viviprint 650;PDM Polymer
HC Polymer 1N(M)
Polyquaternium D11
Luviquat PQ 11AT1
Gafquat 755N-O
HC Polymer GMR
37348-62-2
37348-63-3
440634-64-0
676999-73-8
916899-67-7
1254335-41-5

Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Polyquaternium 11 use as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.

CAS: 53633-54-8
MF: C42H72N6O9X2
MW: 805.06

Polyquaternium 11 makes the hair easier to comb.
Particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.
Excellent for use with blow drying and straighteners where Polyquaternium 11 can provide thermal protection for the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium 11 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.

Polyquaternium 11 when used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel will enhance the foam levels.
Polyquaternium 11 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
Polyquaternium 11 is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.
Polyquaternium 11 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 is best known for its conditioning properties.

Polyquaternium 11 is compatible with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium 11 can form clear, non-tacky, continuous films.
Polyquaternium 11 provides conditioning and styling effects, with minimum build-up for hair substantively.
Polyquaternium 11 improves wet and dry combability, gloss, smoothness and manageability for hair.
Polyquaternium 11 also can be used to improve the skin feeling in skin care products.

Polyquaternium 11 is a cloud, straw-colored film former and anti-static agent widely used in hair care products.
Polyquaternium 11 also has anti-bacterial properties, although research did not confirm this assertion.
Polyquaternium 11 is available in two forms: 50%.
Polyquaternium-11 dissolved in alcohol, and 19% dissolved in water.
Pure Polyquaternium 11 is not available for use in cosmetics and beauty products.
The CIR approves it for use below certain concentrations.

Polyquaternium-11 offered by COSROMA is called Cosroma PQT-11.
Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate with an average molecular weight of 1,000,000 Dalton, Polyquaternium-11 is compatible with nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric surfactant.
Polyquaternium 11 can form clear, non-tacky, continuous films.
Polyquaternium 11 provides conditioning and styling effects, with the minimum build-up for hair substantively.
Polyquaternium 11 improves wet and dry combability, gloss, smoothness, and manageability for hair.

Polyquaternium 11 also can be used to improve the skin feeling in skin care products.
Polyquaternium 11 is a quaternized conditioning polymer well known for hair conditioning and film forming properties.
In hair conditioners and shampoo products, Polyquaternium 11 helps provide shine, detangling and de-frizzing benefits by coating the hair with a clear film that adds visible and sensorial volume.
Polyquaternium 11 will also provide light hold in styling products such as fixative sprays, hair mousses and gels.

Polyquaternium 11 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel, working well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soaps and shower gels.
When used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel, the Polyquaternium 11 will enhance the foam levels and is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
Polyquaternium 11 can also be combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.

Polyquaternium 11 is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry.
Polyquaternium 11 is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer.
INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation. Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium".
Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer.
The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.

Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions.
Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin. Some have antimicrobial properties.

Polyquaternium 11 Chemical Properties
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.369
Solubility: soluble in Water
Form: Clear Colourless Solution
LogP: 1.500 (est)
EPA Substance Registry System: Polyquaternium 11 (53633-54-8)
Clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour.
Supplied as 20% active in water.

Use
Polyquaternium 11 is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick.
Gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.
Polyquarternium 11 is readily dissolved in water and thus it is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.
When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Polyquaternium 11 before surfactants for ease of dispersal.

When formulating in hot process applications, add to the water phase and disperse.
Polyquaternium 11 is resilient to heat.
Polyquaternium 11 is found to suppress melanin elution in shampoo thus may prevent hair from dulling after repeated shampoo use.
Polyquaternium 11 is a cloudy, straw-colored liquid.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Polyquaternium 11 is primarily used in the formulation of hair care products with limited use in other product types.

Skin care: Polyquaternium 11 can be used in skincare products for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium 11 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.
When used in a foaming product such as a shower gel, Polyquaternium 11 will enhance the foam levels.
Polyquaternium 11 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
When combined with carbomer, Polyquaternium 11 forms smooth and easily applied gels.
Polyquaternium 11 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 also finds use in shaving creams

Hair care: Polyquaternium 11 can form transparent, non-sticky and flexible continuous film; it has affinity to hair, provides conditioning and firm effect, and accumulates very little, which makes hair easier to comb, shiny, smooth and easy to make hairstyle.
When used in a shampoos, Polyquaternium 11 enhances the foam levels.

Polyquaternium 11 can form a clear and uniform liquid film on the surface of an object, and the film is basically not sticky.
The cationic characteristics of the Polyquaternium 11.
Polyquaternium 11 can also be used in combination with anions and amphoteric surfactants.

Synonyms
PQ-22
HTH-4PQ-11
Polyquaternium-11
Polyquaternium D 11
1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one
2-dimethylaminoethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
2-methylacrylic acid 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester
Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) diethyl sulfate
Quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt
poly[(2-ethyldimethylammonioethyl methacrylate ethyl sulfate)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)]
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate yl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), quaternized solution 2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester,polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd. with diethyl sulfate
53633-54-8
diethyl sulfate;2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
UNII-0B44BS5IJS
Quaternium-23
0B44BS5IJS
SCHEMBL444003
CS-0453451
2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate compound with diethyl sulfate and 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (1:1:1)

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is a synthetic polymer that belongs to the class of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is commonly used as a conditioning agent in various personal care and cosmetic products.

CAS Number: 53633-54-8
EC Number: 258-940-9

Polyquaternium-11, PQ-11, Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride, Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) chloride homopolymer, Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) homopolymer, Poly(diallylammonium chloride), Poly(quaternium-11), Quaternium-11, Diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride polymer, Polyquaternium chloride, Poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), Polycat 11, Gafquat 755N, Cat 11, Merquat 100, Merquat 550, Merquat S, Polyquart L, Catavquaternium, Catavquatermium, Cosmedia Polymer HSP 1180, Euperquat DP 75, Gafquat 100, Gafquat 1126, Gafquat 734, Gafquat HS, Gafquat HS 100, Gafquat HS 100 PG, Gafquat HS 100PPG, Gafquat HS-100, Gafquat HS-100P, Gafquat HS-100PPG, Gafquat HS-100PVP, Gafquat HS-100VP, Gafquat HS-100W, Gafquat HS-2, Gafquat HS-300, Gafquat HS-300PG, Gafquat HS-400, Gafquat HS-400P, Gafquat HS-400PG, Gafquat HS-400PPG, Gafquat HS-500, Gafquat HS-500PG, Gafquat HS-500PVP, Gafquat HS-500VP, Gafquat HS-600, Gafquat HS-600PG, Gafquat HS-600PVP, Gafquat HS-600VP, Gafquat HS-700, Gafquat HS-700PG, Gafquat HS-700PVP, Gafquat HS-700VP, Gafquat HS-800, Gafquat HS-800PG, Gafquat HS-800PVP, Gafquat HS-800VP, Gafquat HS-900, Gafquat HS-900PG, Gafquat HS-900PVP, Gafquat HS-900VP



APPLICATIONS


In skincare, Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) provides a smooth, soft feel.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is compatible with other cosmetic ingredients and additives.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is suitable for use in a wide range of formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is stable under various processing conditions.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is non-toxic and non-irritating when used at recommended concentrations.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is easy to incorporate into cosmetic formulations.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) enhances the sensory experience of personal care products.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be customized for specific hair and skin types.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is a popular choice for salon-quality products.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is valued for its conditioning and moisturizing properties in the cosmetic industry.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is widely used in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) helps to detangle hair, making it easier to comb and style.
This polymer enhances the shine and smoothness of hair, leaving it looking healthy and vibrant.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) provides long-lasting conditioning effects, even after rinsing.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) helps to reduce static electricity in hair, preventing frizz and flyaways.

In hair styling products, Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) improves hold and manageability.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be found in mousses, gels, and styling creams.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) also offers thermal protection, shielding hair from heat damage caused by styling tools.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) helps to repair and strengthen damaged hair, reducing breakage and split ends.
In skincare products, Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) provides moisturizing benefits.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) forms a protective barrier on the skin, preventing moisture loss.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be found in moisturizers, lotions, and creams.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) enhances the spreadability and texture of skincare formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) improves the sensory experience of skincare products, leaving the skin feeling soft and smooth.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is compatible with other skincare ingredients such as emollients and humectants.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be used in sunscreens to provide water resistance and skin conditioning properties.
In hair color products, Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) helps to improve color retention and vibrancy.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be found in permanent hair dyes, semi-permanent colors, and hair toners.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) enhances the adherence of color molecules to the hair shaft, ensuring even coverage and long-lasting results.
In leave-in treatments, Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) provides additional conditioning benefits between washes.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be used in hair masks, serums, and leave-in conditioners.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) helps to protect hair from environmental damage such as UV radiation and pollution.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is suitable for use in a wide range of hair types, including dry, damaged, and color-treated hair.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is valued for its versatility and effectiveness in various personal care products.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is a key ingredient in salon-quality formulations, providing professional-level results for consumers.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is commonly used in hair serums and leave-in conditioners to provide ongoing nourishment and protection.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) helps to smooth the hair cuticle, reducing friction and preventing tangling.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is often incorporated into hair masks and treatments for deep conditioning and repair.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be found in hair sprays to provide flexible hold and humidity resistance.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) enhances the performance of hair volumizing products, giving hair body and fullness.

In hair straightening treatments, this polymer helps to maintain smoothness and manageability.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is used in hair relaxers to soften and loosen curls or waves.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is added to hair mousses to provide lightweight hold and texture.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is suitable for use in children's hair care products, offering gentle conditioning and detangling benefits.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is used in pet grooming products such as shampoos and conditioners to improve the appearance and feel of pet hair.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) enhances the performance of styling waxes and pomades, providing a glossy finish and definition.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be found in beard grooming products such as beard oils and balms to soften and condition facial hair.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is used in hair color removers to help lift color molecules from the hair shaft.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be added to hair tonics and scalp treatments to soothe and moisturize the scalp.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) enhances the efficacy of anti-dandruff shampoos, helping to reduce flakiness and itchiness.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be incorporated into hair repair treatments for chemically damaged or over-processed hair.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is used in hair styling clays and pastes to provide flexible hold and texture without stiffness.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be found in hair thickeners and volumizing sprays to create the appearance of thicker, fuller hair.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) enhances the performance of hair texturizers and beach wave sprays, giving hair a tousled, natural look.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be used in hair primers and pre-styling treatments to protect against heat damage and improve styling results.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is added to hair fragrances and mists to provide long-lasting fragrance and conditioning benefits.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be incorporated into hair glosses and shine sprays to enhance the luster and radiance of hair.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is used in hair repair masks and treatments to strengthen and fortify damaged hair fibers.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be found in hair detanglers and leave-in sprays to ease combing and prevent breakage.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is a versatile ingredient that contributes to the efficacy and performance of a wide range of hair care products, providing consumers with healthy, beautiful hair.



DESCRIPTION


Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is a synthetic polymer that belongs to the class of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is commonly used as a conditioning agent in various personal care and cosmetic products.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is known for its film-forming and conditioning properties, which help to improve the feel, texture, and manageability of hair and skin.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is often found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and treatments.

As a cationic polymer, Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) carries a positive charge, which allows it to adsorb onto negatively charged surfaces such as hair and skin.
This adsorption creates a thin film or coating that helps to smooth the cuticle of the hair shaft, reduce static electricity, and enhance shine.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is a cationic polymer used in personal care products.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is a versatile ingredient known for its conditioning properties.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is derived from diallyldimethylammonium chloride.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is water-soluble and forms clear solutions.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) has a high affinity for hair and skin, making it an ideal conditioning agent.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) helps to improve the manageability and appearance of hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) forms a thin film on the hair shaft, providing protection and shine.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) reduces static electricity and frizz, leaving hair smooth and silky.
In skincare products, Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) offers moisturizing benefits.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) forms a barrier on the skin, helping to retain moisture.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) enhances the spreadability and texture of formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is often found in shampoos, conditioners, and hair styling products.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) can be used in leave-in treatments and hair masks.

Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) improves the detangling properties of hair products.
Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) helps to repair damaged hair and prevent breakage.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) typically appears as a clear to slightly opaque viscous liquid or solid.
Color: Colorless to pale yellow.
Odor: Generally odorless or has a mild characteristic odor.
Texture: Viscous and smooth.
Solubility: Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is soluble in water and forms clear solutions.
pH: Typically alkaline in aqueous solutions, with pH values ranging from 5 to 9.
Density: The density of Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) solutions can vary depending on concentration, typically ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 g/cm³.
Melting Point: Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) may not have a distinct melting point as it is often in liquid form, but it can solidify at lower temperatures.
Boiling Point: Not applicable as Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) decomposes before boiling.
Viscosity: Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) solutions exhibit high viscosity, contributing to its ability to form films and provide conditioning effects.
Refractive Index: The refractive index of Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) solutions can vary depending on concentration and temperature.
Molecular Weight: The average molecular weight of Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) typically ranges from several thousand to tens of thousands Daltons.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: The chemical structure of Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) consists of repeating units of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) monomers.
Molecular Structure: Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is a cationic polymer composed of quaternary ammonium groups.
CAS Number: 53633-54-8
EC Number: 258-940-9
Polymerization: Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is typically produced via free-radical polymerization of DADMAC monomers in the presence of initiators and catalysts.
Charge: Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) carries a positive charge due to the presence of quaternary ammonium groups, making it cationic.
Ionic Character: Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is highly ionized in aqueous solutions, contributing to its affinity for negatively charged surfaces such as hair and skin.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) dust or mist is inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Allow the individual to rest in a well-ventilated area and provide them with oxygen if breathing difficulties persist.
If the person is experiencing severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing or chest tightness, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing and seek immediate medical assistance.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent), immediately remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Wash the skin gently with mild soap and water to remove any remaining traces of the compound.
If skin irritation or redness develops, apply a soothing, fragrance-free moisturizer or hydrocortisone cream to the affected area.
Seek medical advice if skin irritation persists or if the skin appears damaged or burned.


Eye Contact:

If Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses if present and easily removable after flushing the eyes.
Seek immediate medical attention if eye irritation, pain, or redness persists after rinsing.
Do not rub the eyes, as this may exacerbate irritation and potentially cause corneal abrasions.


Ingestion:

If Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) is ingested accidentally and the person is conscious, rinse their mouth thoroughly with water and encourage them to drink water or milk to dilute the compound.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel, especially if the individual is unconscious or experiencing convulsions.
Seek medical advice immediately, and provide the healthcare provider with information about the ingested substance, including its name, concentration, and the amount ingested.
Monitor the person for signs of gastrointestinal distress, such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain, and seek medical attention promptly if symptoms worsen or persist.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

When handling Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent), wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including gloves, safety goggles, and protective clothing to prevent skin and eye contact.
Avoid breathing in dust, mist, or vapors generated by the compound. Use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection if necessary to control airborne exposure.
Ensure adequate ventilation in the work area to minimize the buildup of vapors or fumes.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent), and wash hands thoroughly after handling to prevent accidental ingestion.
Use caution when transferring or pouring Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) to prevent spills and splashes. Use appropriate tools and equipment such as funnels or pumps to minimize contact with the compound.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and minimize exposure to air and moisture.
Avoid contact with incompatible materials such as strong acids, oxidizing agents, and alkalis, as they may react with Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) and cause hazardous conditions.
Store Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) away from sources of heat, ignition, and direct sunlight to prevent degradation or decomposition.
Avoid storing Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) in areas prone to temperature fluctuations, as extreme temperatures may affect its stability and performance.
Do not allow Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) to come into contact with open flames, sparks, or hot surfaces, as it may be flammable under certain conditions.


Storage:

Store Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from sources of heat, ignition, and direct sunlight.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright to prevent leakage or spills. Store larger quantities in suitable containers with secondary containment to contain spills.
Store Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) away from incompatible materials such as strong acids, oxidizing agents, and alkalis to prevent reactions or contamination.
Ensure storage areas are equipped with appropriate firefighting equipment and spill containment materials in case of emergencies.
Follow local regulations and guidelines for the storage of chemicals, including any specific requirements for the storage of Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent).
Keep storage areas clean and free from clutter to minimize the risk of spills and accidents.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage or deterioration and replace any damaged or compromised containers promptly.
Store Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) in its original packaging or labeled containers to ensure proper identification and traceability.


Transportation:

When transporting Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent), use suitable containers that are properly labeled and secured to prevent leakage or spills during transit.
Follow applicable regulations and guidelines for the transportation of hazardous materials, including any requirements for packaging, labeling, and documentation.
Ensure that drivers and handlers are trained in the safe handling and transportation of chemicals and are equipped with appropriate PPE.
Avoid transporting Polyquaternium 11 (conditioning agent) with incompatible materials or hazardous substances to prevent accidents or chemical reactions.
In case of spills or leaks during transportation, follow established emergency procedures and guidelines for containment, cleanup, and reporting.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is a polymer that falls under the category of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Specifically, it is a cationic polymer with a high molecular weight.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry for its film-forming, conditioning, and styling properties.
The "cosmetic grade" designation indicates that it meets certain purity and quality standards suitable for use in cosmetic formulations.

CAS Number: 53633-54-8
EC Number: 611-022-0

Polymer, Cationic polymer, Quaternary ammonium compound, Hair fixative, Conditioning agent, Styling polymer, Cosmetic polymer, Film-forming agent, Hair care ingredient, Personal care ingredient, Polymeric conditioner, Cosmetic grade polymer, Quat polymer, Hair styling polymer, Polyquat-11, Cosmetic additive, Hair care polymer, Quaternium-11, Cationic conditioning polymer, Film former, Hair setting polymer, Polymeric thickener, Antistatic polymer, Hair fixative polymer, Quaternized polymer



APPLICATIONS


Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is commonly used in hair conditioners to enhance the softness and manageability of the hair.
In shampoos, it acts as a conditioning agent, improving wet combing and detangling.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) finds application in leave-in conditioners, providing long-lasting conditioning effects.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is a key ingredient in styling products such as mousses and creams, offering flexibility and hold.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of hair gels, providing both styling and conditioning benefits.
In hairsprays, Polyquaternium-11 serves as a fixative, helping to maintain hairstyles without stiffness.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in hair serums to add a smooth and conditioned feel to the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is employed in hair masks and treatments for deep conditioning effects.
In hair mousses, it enhances volume and provides a lightweight, flexible hold.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in styling lotions, offering a combination of hold and frizz control.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in heat protectant sprays to shield the hair from styling tool damage.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is added to hair styling creams to create texture and define curls or waves.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) finds application in hair color products, improving color retention and vibrancy.
In skincare formulations, it contributes to the overall texture and feel of the product.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in some leave-on skincare products for its conditioning and moisturizing properties.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in bath and body products, providing a smooth after-feel on the skin.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) serves as a conditioning agent in some facial cleansers, contributing to a gentle cleansing experience.

In deodorants and antiperspirants, Polyquaternium-11 helps improve the feel of the product on the skin.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) finds application in sunscreens, contributing to the formulation's texture and spreadability.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in styling powders and dry shampoos for volumizing effects.
In hair styling waxes, it aids in shaping and defining hairstyles with a natural finish.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is employed in the formulation of children's hair care products for its gentle conditioning effects.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in some personal lubricants, providing a smooth and non-sticky feel.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in certain cosmetic formulations to enhance the overall sensory experience for the user.
In hair relaxers and perms, Polyquaternium-11 helps improve the texture and manageability of treated hair.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is a crucial ingredient in hair smoothing products, contributing to frizz control and sleekness.
In volumizing shampoos, it enhances the body and fullness of the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in hair spritz or setting sprays to assist in maintaining hairstyles throughout the day.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is incorporated into some hair waxes and pomades for added control and shine.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in hair repair serums, aiding in the restoration of damaged or over-processed hair.

In styling foams, Polyquaternium-11 provides lightweight hold and definition to curls and waves.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in hair primers, acting as a pre-styling treatment for improved styling results.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in heat-activated styling products, offering enhanced styling effects under heat.

In styling sprays designed for specific hair textures, it helps create defined and structured looks.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of hair styling mists, providing a fine, even distribution of product.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is employed in hair mousses for both straight and curly hairstyles, offering versatile styling options.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in some beard grooming products, providing conditioning benefits to facial hair.
In styling elixirs or hair oils, Polyquaternium-11 adds a luxurious and silky feel to the hair.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in styling serums to control frizz and add shine without weighing down the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in multi-benefit styling products, offering a combination of conditioning, hold, and styling effects.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in certain dry shampoo formulations, contributing to volume and refreshment between washes.

In humidity-resistant styling products, Polyquaternium-11 helps combat frizz caused by environmental moisture.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) finds application in color-protecting hair products, contributing to vibrancy and longevity of color.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is employed in lightweight styling lotions for natural and flexible looks.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of texturizing sprays, providing a tousled and beachy appearance to the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in hair primers designed to create a smooth and hydrated foundation for styling.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in overnight hair treatments for extended conditioning benefits.

In humidity-resistant hair sprays, it helps maintain hairstyle integrity even in challenging weather conditions.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in certain hair thickening products, contributing to the appearance of fuller hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in some styling products designed for fine or thin hair, offering lightweight conditioning and hold.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is a key component in the formulation of hair mists for on-the-go styling and refreshing.
In beach wave sprays, it contributes to the creation of effortless, textured waves.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in setting lotions, assisting in the creation of long-lasting curls and waves.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) finds application in hair serum capsules, providing targeted conditioning benefits.
In texturizing balms, it aids in defining and accentuating layers for a textured look.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in some hair creams designed for twist-outs, braid-outs, and other natural styles.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in hair foams for defining and enhancing curls with a lightweight feel.

In edge control gels, it helps smooth and shape the hairline for a polished look.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of hair polish sprays, providing shine and reducing frizz.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in styling creams for updos, assisting in hold and structure.

In styling powders, it contributes to volume and texture, perfect for creating bedhead or tousled styles.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in some hair perfumes, offering a fragrant touch to styled hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is employed in beard balms and waxes, providing conditioning and shaping benefits.

In curl-enhancing sprays, Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) helps revitalize and define natural curl patterns.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of braiding gels, aiding in smooth and controlled braiding.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in protective styling creams, promoting moisture and minimizing breakage.
In styling mousses for fine hair, it adds body and volume without weighing down the strands.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in some heat protection sprays, offering conditioning benefits during styling.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in shine-enhancing serums, providing a glossy finish to styled hair.
In styling clays, it aids in creating a matte finish for a natural and textured look.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of hair glosses, offering a boost of shine and smoothness.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in some sculpting waxes, providing hold and definition for intricate styles.
In hair powder sprays, it assists in absorbing excess oil while adding volume and texture.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in styling creams for twists and coils, promoting definition and frizz control.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in some hair setting foams for flexible and touchable hold.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in pre-styling primers to create a smooth base for subsequent styling products.
In humidity-resistant hair creams, it helps combat frizz and maintain smoothness even in humid conditions.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in styling putties, offering a pliable texture for shaping and molding hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in certain heat-activated styling sprays, providing protection and hold under heat styling.

In multi-benefit styling balms, it combines conditioning, styling, and frizz control for versatile use.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in styling waxes for short hair, providing definition and separation.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is employed in curl defining lotions, enhancing natural curl patterns with moisture.

In styling serums for long hair, it helps add shine and reduce split ends for a polished appearance.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of twist and lock gels for natural and textured hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in styling creams for pixie cuts, offering a lightweight and moldable hold.

In styling clays for men's hair, it aids in creating textured and tousled looks with a matte finish.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in setting powders for updos, assisting in hold and longevity.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in some styling fibers, providing a flexible and reworkable hold.
In styling creams for layered hairstyles, it aids in defining and accentuating layers.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of blow-dry creams, offering heat protection and styling benefits.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in volumizing foams, providing lift and body to fine or limp hair.

In styling milks for natural hair, it helps with detangling, moisture retention, and definition.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in certain styling oils, offering a lightweight and glossy finish to the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is used in texture sprays, creating a tousled and beachy look for various hair types.
In styling mousses for defined curls, it aids in shaping and maintaining curl patterns.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the formulation of styling creams for braids, twists, and protective styles.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is employed in anti-frizz serums, providing a smooth and polished look to the hair.
In styling lotions for blowouts, it helps achieve a sleek and bouncy finish with heat protection.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is found in shaping gels, offering strong hold and definition for intricate hairstyles.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is included in styling glazes, providing a glossy finish and frizz control for styled hair.



DESCRIPTION


Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is a polymer that falls under the category of quaternary ammonium compounds.
Specifically, it is a cationic polymer with a high molecular weight.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry for its film-forming, conditioning, and styling properties.
The "cosmetic grade" designation indicates that it meets certain purity and quality standards suitable for use in cosmetic formulations.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is a cationic polymer widely utilized in the cosmetic and personal care industry.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) plays a crucial role as a conditioning agent in hair care formulations.
Known for its versatile properties, Polyquaternium-11 serves as a film-forming polymer.

As a hair fixative, it imparts long-lasting styling effects and helps maintain hairstyles.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is often found in cosmetic products designed to enhance hair manageability.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) creates a smooth film on the hair, providing a soft and conditioned feel.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the overall texture and viscosity of various formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is a key ingredient in styling products, promoting curl retention and volume in the hair.
As a cationic polymer, Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) helps reduce static electricity, minimizing flyaways.

With its humectant properties, the polymer attracts and retains moisture in the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is compatible with a variety of other cosmetic ingredients, ensuring formulation stability.
In skincare products, it may contribute to a smooth and conditioned feel on the skin.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) acts as a conditioning agent in shampoos and contributes to improved wet combing.

Its antistatic properties make it valuable in formulations aiming to control frizz in the hair.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is employed as a fixative in hairsprays, providing a natural hold without stiffness.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) enhances the overall performance of leave-in conditioners.
As a film-forming agent, it forms a protective layer on the hair, shielding it from environmental factors.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is often used in combination with other polymers to achieve specific styling effects.
In the formulation of hair gels, it contributes to both hold and flexibility.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is gentle on the skin, making it suitable for a range of personal care products.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is utilized in various hair care treatments, adding a luxurious and conditioned feel.

Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) helps reduce friction during combing, facilitating detangling in hair care formulations.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) is an essential component in the creation of styling mousses and creams for added texture.
Polyquaternium 11 (cosmetic grade) contributes to the overall sensory experience of cosmetic and hair care products.
With its conditioning and film-forming capabilities, Polyquaternium-11 remains a versatile and effective ingredient in the cosmetic industry.



PROPERTIES


Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25°C
pH: 5.0-7.0 (10% solution)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Polyquaternium-11 particles are inhaled and respiratory irritation occurs, move the affected person to fresh air.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing promptly.
Wash the affected skin with mild soap and water for at least 15 minutes to remove any residual product.
If skin irritation, redness, or rash occurs, seek medical attention.
If Polyquaternium-11 is molten and causes burns, immediately cool the affected area with cold water. Seek medical attention if necessary.


Eye Contact:

If Polyquaternium-11 comes into contact with the eyes, rinse them gently with water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if easily removable after initial rinsing.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

If Polyquaternium-11 is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek immediate medical attention, providing details about the ingested substance and its concentration.


General First Aid Advice:

Keep affected individuals calm to reduce stress.
If there are respiratory or cardiovascular symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.
Provide first aid personnel with access to the safety data sheet (SDS) for the specific Polyquaternium-11 product.
If seeking medical attention, bring the product container or label to assist healthcare professionals in providing appropriate treatment.
For large spills or exposures, contact emergency services for professional assistance.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical advice.
If symptoms persist or if there is uncertainty about the appropriate first aid measures, seek medical advice promptly.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective clothing, as specified in the product's SDS.
Use respiratory protection if handling Polyquaternium-11 in conditions where airborne exposure is possible.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to minimize inhalation exposure.
Use fume hoods or other engineering controls when handling Polyquaternium-11 in enclosed spaces.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid direct skin and eye contact with the undiluted product.
If contact occurs, follow the first aid measures specified in the SDS.

Handling Procedures:
Follow good industrial hygiene practices, including regular handwashing.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Polyquaternium-11.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In the event of a spill, contain the material and prevent it from entering drains or waterways.
Clean up spills using absorbent materials, and dispose of waste in accordance with local regulations.

Responsible Handling:
Designate trained personnel for handling Polyquaternium-11.
Provide employees with proper training on the safe handling and use of the substance.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Polyquaternium-11 in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Temperature Control:
Store at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures that could compromise the stability of the product.

Compatibility:
Store Polyquaternium-11 away from incompatible materials and substances.
Follow the manufacturer's recommendations regarding compatibility with other chemicals.

Container Material:
Use containers made of materials compatible with Polyquaternium-11.
Check for container integrity regularly to prevent leaks or spills.

Handling of Containers:
Handle containers with care to prevent damage.
Do not drag or slide containers, as this may cause damage and compromise integrity.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers with product names, hazard information, and handling instructions.
Clearly mark storage areas with appropriate signage.

Regular Inspections:
Periodically inspect storage areas for any signs of damage, leaks, or deterioration.
Dispose of damaged or deteriorated containers appropriately.

Emergency Response Information:
Keep emergency response information, such as contact numbers for emergency services and relevant healthcare professionals, readily available.

Polyquaternium 16 is a multifunctional polymer and it is used in cosmetic formulations.
Polyquaternium 16 acts as an antistatic (reduces static charges by neutralizing the electrical charge on the hair surface)and as hair conditioner and combability aid (reduces or prevents the confusion of the hair due to changes or damage to the hair surface and thus improves the combability).
Polyquaternium 16 is because the molecules of the Polyquaternium-16 are positively charged.

CAS: 95144-24-4
MF: C12H18ClN3O
MW: 255.75

They attach themselves to the (negatively charged) hair shaft and form a coherent film (film former) on the hair surface.
Polyquaternium 16 makes the hair appear smoother and easier to comb.
Polyquaternium 16 is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry.
Polyquaternium 16 is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer.
INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the Polyquaternium 16 designation. Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium".
Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer.
The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.

Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions.
Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin.
Some have antimicrobial properties.
Polyquaternium 16 is a conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.

Polyquaternium 16 Chemical Properties
Density: 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.421
PH: 5.0-8.0 (10% in H2O, active ingredients)
EPA Substance Registry System: Polyquaternium 16 (95144-24-4)

Synonyms
95144-24-4
Luviquat FC 550
LuviquatFC 550
UNII-1KX12A42IJ
UNII-F0W09UU9M3
SCHEMBL193281
1KX12A42IJ
F0W09UU9M3
SCHEMBL12983284
1-ethenyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;chloride

Polyquaternium 16 is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed frommethylvinylimidazolium chloride and vinylpyrrolidone.
Polyquaternium 16 may be used in cosmetics, stabilizers, lubricants, coatings, bactericides, hair care and skin care products.
Polyquaternium 16 is a cationic copolymer of methylvinylimidazolium chloride and vinylpyrrolidone.

CAS: 95144-24-4
MF: C12H18ClN3O
MW: 255.75

Polyquaternium 16 is a multifunctional polymer and it is used in cosmetic formulations.
Polyquaternium 16 acts as an antistatic (reduces static charges by neutralizing the electrical charge on the hair surface)and as hair conditioner and combability aid (reduces or prevents the confusion of the hair due to changes or damage to the hair surface and thus improves the combability).
Polyquaternium 16 is because the molecules of the Polyquaternium-16 are positively charged.
They attach themselves to the (negatively charged) hair shaft and form a coherent film (film former) on the hair surface.
Polyquaternium 16 makes the hair appear smoother and easier to comb.
Polyquaternium 16 is a conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.

Polyquaternium 16 Chemical Properties
Density: 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.421
PH: 5.0-8.0 (10% in H2O, active ingredients)
EPA Substance Registry System:Polyquaternium 16 (95144-24-4)

Synonyms
D16
LuviquatFC550
Luviquat?HM552
luviquat¨fc905
Luviquat?FC370
Luviquat FC 550
LuviquatTMFC370
LuviquatTMFC905
PolyquaterniumD16
Polyquaternium-16
LUVIQUAT (R) FC 550
LuviquatTM FC 370
LuviquatTM HM 552
LuviquatTM FC 905
1-ethenyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium
Polyquaternium D10, Poly[(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium chloride)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)]
Polyquaternium D16, Poly[(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium chloride)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)]
95144-24-4
Luviquat FC 550
LuviquatFC 550
UNII-1KX12A42IJ
UNII-F0W09UU9M3
SCHEMBL193281
1KX12A42IJ
F0W09UU9M3
SCHEMBL12983284
1-ethenyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;chloride

Polyquaternium 22's other name is acrylic acid-diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer.
Polyquaternium 22 is a synthetic polymer composed of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride.


CAS Number: 53694-17-0
EC Noumber: 611-036-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;prop-2-enoic acid;chloride
Origin(s): Synthetic
INCI name: POLYQUATERNIUM-22
Classification: Quaternary ammonium cation, Synthetic polymer
Molecular Formula: (C8H16NCl)n(C3H3O2)n’




SYNONYMS:
Polyquaternium-22, Polyquaternium-22 Cas NO.: 53694-17-0, Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride acrylic acid polymer, n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride polymer with 2-propenoic acid, 2-Propen-1-aminium,N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propen-1-yl-,chloride (1:1),polymer with 2-propenoic acid, 2-Propen-1-aminium,N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-,chloride,polymer with 2-propenoic acid, 2-Propenoic acid,polymer with N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride, Acrylic acid-diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer, Acrylic acid-diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymer, Merquat 280, Polyquaternium 22, Merquat 295, Floc Aid 34, Acrylic acid-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride copolymer, OF 280, Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-acrylic acid copolymer, Merquat 281, Merquat 280 Dry, Merquat 295 Dry, Acrylic acid-DADMAC copolymer, N,N-Diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium chloride-acrylic acid copolymer, Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-acrylic acid copolymer, Merquat 280SD, Conditioneze 22, Unisence ZCA 1000L, 88353-42-8, 2-Propenaminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-propenyl)-, chloride, polymer with 2-propenoic acid; polyquat-22, quaternium-22; acrylic acid-diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer, Polyquaternium-22 (6300 MPA.S), 53694-17-0, Merquat 295, Merquat 295 polymer, Polyquaternium-22 (3500-9000 MPA.S), 8PR50UB3MN, UNII-8PR50UB3MN, UNII-B5I5347G96, UNII-H3W1D31JAR



Polyquaternium 22 is a unique amphoteric polymer which is ideally suited to improve both conditioning and hold in hair care products.
Polyquaternium 22 is also well-suited to improve conditioning and skin feel in skin care and cleansing products.
Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged, cationic conditioning copolymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid.


This water-soluble copolymer, Polyquaternium 22, is ampholytic and demonstrated excellent stability at extreme pH ranges (2-12).
Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged cationic co-polymer that is capable of demonstrating both anionic and cationic characteristics.
Polyquaternium 22 demonstrates excellent pH stability and is ideal for using as conditioning polymers in hair and skin care applications.


Polyquaternium 22 is a synthetic polymer composed of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride.
Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged cationic co-polymer with both anionic and cationic properties.
Polyquaternium 22 has excellent pH stability and is a good conditioning polymer used in hair and skin care products.


Polyquaternium 22 is a copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, that works as an antistatic agent and hair fixative in cosmetics and personal care products.
Polyquaternium 22 is a special type of polymer used in the cosmetics industry and the production of hygiene and cleaning products.


Polyquaternium 22's other name is acrylic acid-diallyldimethylammonium chloride polymer.
As the name suggests, Polyquaternium 22 is derived from acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride.
Polyquaternium 22 belongs to a broader group of polyquaterniums - polymers that contain quaternary ammonium groups.


These groups provide Polyquaternium 22 with certain positive charges that attract to negatively charged surfaces such as human skin and hair.
Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged cationic co-polymer that is capable of demonstrating both anionic and cationic characteristics.
Polyquaternium 22 imparts a smooth, velvety feel; reduces tightness after drying skin.


Polyquaternium 22 provides excellent moisturization.
Polyquaternium 22 contributes lubricity, which can help make skincare products easier to apply.
Polyquaternium 22 is used liquid cleansing products acquire richer foam with improved stability.


Suggested starting concentration of Polyquaternium 22 1.5% as a product.
Polyquaternium 22 has a close relationship with our hair.
Hair is made up of a biopolymer (keratin).


Therefore, as a cosmetic raw material, Polyquaternium 22 is indispensable in hair care products.
Polyquaternium 22 used in hair care products can be classified into water-soluble and non-water-soluble according to their solubility.
Polyquaternium 22 contributes luster and a soft, silky feel; provides rich, creamy foam to shampoos.


Polyquaternium 22 provides excellent slip, lubricity, and snag-free wet compatibility without excessive buildup.
Polyquaternium 22 imparts excellent dry compatibility.
Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged cationic co-polymer that is capable of demonstrating both anionic and cationic characteristics.


Polyquaternium 22 demonstrates excellent pH stability and is ideal for use as a conditioning polymer in hair and skin care applications.
Polyquaternium 22 is a viscous clear to slightly hazy liquid with a mild aldehyde odor.
Polyquaternium 22 is a high quality Polyquaternium product developed and manufactured.


Polyquaternium 22 is a synthetic polymer commonly used in cosmetic and industrial applications.
Polyquaternium 22 belongs to the class of quaternary ammonium compounds, known for their cationic properties.
Polyquaternium 22 is a Copolymer of dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid.


Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged cationic co-polymer that is capable of demonstrating both anionic and cationic characteristics.
Polyquaternium 22 demonstrates excellent pH stability and is ideal for using as conditioning polymers in hair and skin care products.
Polyquaternium 22 is recommended to improve wet and dry properties of hair care products, and to enhance feel in skin care products.


Polyquaternium 22 is an amphoteric polymer,highly charged, cationic conditioning copolymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride and acrylic acid.
This water-soluble copolymer, Polyquaternium 22, is ampholytic and demonstrated excellent stability at extreme pH ranges (2-12).
Polyquaternium 22 is ideally suited for use as a conditioning polymer in shampoos, conditioners and colorant products.


Its high pH tolerance makes Polyquaternium 22 ideal for permanent wave and relaxer products.
Polyquaternium 22 is compatible with a wide range of anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants.
Polyquaternium 22 is recommended to improve wet and dry properties of hair care products, and to enhance feel in skin care products.
Polyquaternium 22 is little yellow to yellow viscous liquid, Mainly used in hair-care products and skin care products.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is used shampoos, hair dyes, conditioners, permanent waves, Aerosol foams and other styling products, shaving products, hair relaxers, Skin creams and lotions, hair whiteners, Deodorant and antitranspirants, and Liquid and bar soaps.
Polyquaternium 22 is ideally suited for use as a conditioning polymer in shampoos, conditioners and colorant products.


Its high pH tolerance makes Polyquaternium 22 ideal for permanent wave and relaxer products.
Polyquaternium 22 is compatible with a wide range of anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants.
Polyquaternium 22 is used relaxant, dyestuff, shampoo, conditioner, moisturizing lotion, emulsion, bath liquid


Polyquaternium 22 is used in hair care products: relaxers, bleaches, dyes, shampoos, conditioners, styling products, and permanent waves.
Polyquaternium 22 is used in skin care products: moisturizing creams, lotions, bath gels, liquid soaps, soap bars, shaving products, and deodorants.
Polyquaternium 22 has excellent pH stability and is ideal for using as a conditioning polymer in hair and skin care applications.


Polyquaternium 22 is most commonly used in cosmetics as a conditioning and antistatic agent.
Its most typical use is in shampoos and hair conditioners, as Polyquaternium 22 can reduce static electricity, provide shape to the hairstyle, and keep hair moisturized.


However, because of its moisturizing properties, Polyquaternium 22 is also used in other cosmetic products such as various body lotions and creams.
Due to its anti-static properties, Polyquaternium 22 can also be used in products that are designed to keep hair smooth, such as styling gels or hair sprays.


Polyquaternium 22 is used in hair care products: relaxers, bleaches, dyes, shampoos, conditioners, styling products, and permanent waves.
Polyquaternium 22 contributes luster and a soft, silky feel; provides rich, creamy foam to shampoos.
Polyquaternium 22 provides excellent slip, lubricity, and snag-free wet compatibility without excessive buildup.


Polyquaternium 22 imparts excellent dry compatibility.
Polyquaternium 22 helps hold curls without flaking.
Polyquaternium 22 is used 1.0% as a product in shampoo and conditioner; 3.0% as a product in other formulations.


Polyquaternium 22 is used hair care products include shampoo, conditioner and hair spray aid etc.
Polyquaternium 22 is used as a blowing agent, lightening and coloring agent in products.
In skin care products, we mainly use moisturizer, hand washing liquid, body wash, liquid soap, soap bar, shaving cream, antiperspirant and deodorant etc.


Polyquaternium 22 is a multifunctional polymer and is used in cosmetic formulations.
Polyquaternium 22 acts as an antistatic (reduces static charges by neutralizing the electrical charge on the hair surface) and as hair conditioner and combability aid (reduces or prevents the confusion of the hair due to changes or damage to the hair surface and thus improves the mutation).


This is because the molecules of the Polyquaternium-22 are positively charged.
They attach themselves to the (negatively charged) hair shaft and form a coherent film (film former) on the hair surface.
This makes the hair appear smoother and easier to comb.


Polyquaternium 22 inserted into hair products helps to give shine and silky softness to hair, making it slippery and easily combable when damp.
Polyquaternium 22 is compatible with most anionic and amphoteric surfactants providing superior conditioning properties to products with extreme pH ranges.
Polyquaternium 22 helps maintain curls without the need for hair curling tools.


In skin care products Polyquaternium 22 gives a soft and velvety touch, reduces the feeling of tightness after drying.
Polyquaternium 22 makes products smoother, facilitating application and provides excellent hydration.
Inserted into liquid detergents Polyquaternium 22 enriches and stabilizes the foam.


In most cases Polyquaternium 22 must be dissolved in water before being inserted into the application.
Polyquaternium 22's dissolution is usually rapid.
If you are formulating transparent products, increasing the betaine level will help improve transparency.


Polyquaternium 22 contributes slip, lubricity and richness to form. Improves wet combability in shampoo formulations and also improves the overall manageability of hair.
Polyquaternium 22 imparts smooth, velvety feel to the skin and provides excellent moisturization.


Polyquaternium 22 exhibits excellent after-bath skin feel and it reduces tightness after drying skin.
Bath foam products acquire richer foam with improved stability.
Polyquaternium 22 is used in shampoos, conditioners, bleaches, hair dyes, permanent waves, styling products, moisturizing creams, lotions, bath products, shaving products and soaps.


Polyquaternium 22 acts as a conditioning agent, film former and antistatic agent.
Polyquaternium 22 is highly charged cationic copolymer.
Polyquaternium 22 is compatible with most anionic and amphoteric surfactants.


Polyquaternium 22 is used in conditioners and other cosmetic care products.
Polyquaternium 22 contributes slip, lubricity and richness to form. Polyquaternium 22 improves wet combability in shampoo formulations and also improves the overall manageability of hair.


Polyquaternium 22 imparts smooth, velvety feel to the skin and provides excellent moisturization.
Polyquaternium 22 exhibits excellent after-bath skin feel and it reduces tightness after drying skin.
Bath foam products acquire richer foam with improved stability.


Polyquaternium 22 is used in shampoos, conditioners, bleaches, hair dyes, permanent waves, styling products, moisturizing creams, lotions, bath products, shaving products and soaps.
Polyquaternium 22 is used highly effective conditioner.


Polyquaternium 22 increases manageability and barberability of hair.
Polyquaternium 22 provides excellent moisture retention.
Polyquaternium 22 increases the shine and smoothness of the hair.


Polyquaternium 22 is gentle for skin and hair
Polyquaternium 22 is suitable for a wide range of applications due to its excellent properties and stability under normal conditions.
Polyquaternium 22 works as an antistatic agent, film former, and hair fixative in cosmetic products.
Polyquaternium 22 is used at concentrations up to 2% in a rinse-off product.


-Hair care uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Polyquaternium 22 reduces the static charges by neutralizing the electrical charge on the hair surface.
The positively charged molecules of Polyquaternium 22 attach to the negatively charged hair shaft and form a film on the hair’s surface.
This makes the hair appear smooth and makes Polyquaternium 22 easy to comb. It also works to condition the hair


-Hair care products uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Relaxers, Bleaches, Dyes, Shampoos, Conditioners, Styling Products and Peranent Waves:
*Contributes luster and a soft,silky feel,Provide Rich,Creamy foam to Shampoos.
*Provides excellent slip,Lubricity and snag-free wet compatibility without excessive buildup.
*Imparts excellent dry compatibility.
*Excellent hair softness and wet hair feel during washing,rinsing and after rinsing.
*Helps hold curls without flaking.
*Suggested dosage1.0% as product in shampoo and conditioner,3.0% as product in other formulations.


-Skin care products uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Moisturing Creams,Lotions,Bath Gels,Liquid Soaps,Soap Bars,Shaving Products,and Deodorants.
*Imparts a smooth,velvety feel,reduces tightness after drying skin.
*Provides excellent moisturiaztion.
*Contributes lubricity which can help make skin care products easier to apply.
*Liquid cleasing products acquire richer foam with improved stability.
*Suggested starting concentration: 1.5% as product.


-To hair-care products uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Shampoos, Conditioners, Bleaches, Hair dyes, Permanent Waves and Styling Products
* Contributes slip, lubricity and richness to form
* Improves wet combiability in shampoo formulations
* Improves the overall manageability of hair
* suggested concentration is about 3-5%


-To skin care products uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Moisturizing creams,Lotions,Bath products,Shaving products and Soaps
* Imparts a smooth, velvety feel to the skin
* Provides excellent moisturization
* Bath foam products acquire richer foam with improved stability
* Excellent after-bath skin feel, reduces tightness after drying skin
* suggested concentration is about 1-2%


-Hair Care uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is often used in hair care products such as shampoos, balms and hair masks.
Polyquaternium 22 provides excellent conditioning and anti-static effects.
Polyquaternium 22 also helps improve the manageability, shine and overall appearance of the hair.


-Skin Care uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is a popular ingredient in skin care products such as moisturizers, lotions and serums.
Polyquaternium 22 is hydrating and hydrating.
Polyquaternium 22 also has anti-aging and anti-inflammatory effects, making it suitable for sensitive skin.


-Personal hygiene uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is often used in personal hygiene products such as body wash, soap and hand sanitizer to provide a hygienic and refreshing experience.
Polyquaternium 22 also has a pleasant and odorless scent, making it suitable for use in a variety of personal care products.


-Household products uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Polyquaternium 22 can be found in household products such as fabric softeners, laundry detergents and all-purpose cleaners.
Polyquaternium 22's cationic properties help improve the softness and anti-static properties of fabrics.
Polyquaternium 22 also has good compatibility with other ingredients, making it suitable for a wide range of household products.


-Cleaning Products uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Incorporated into cleaning compositions to provide durable antimicrobial activity.
The cationic polymer disrupts the bacterial cell membrane, effectively killing bacteria and inhibiting their growth on treated surfaces.


-Molecular Sieve Synthesis uses of Polyquaternium 22:
Utilized as a structure-directing agent in the synthesis of beta-type molecular sieves with hierarchical structures.
These molecular sieves have potential applications in catalysis, adsorption, and separation processes due to their unique pore structures.



WHAT IS POLYQUATERNIUM 22 USED FOR?
Polyquaternium 22 works as an antistatic agent, film former, and hair fixative in cosmetic products.
Polyquaternium 22 is used at concentrations up to 2% in a rinse-off product.

*Hair care:
Polyquaternium 22 reduces the static charges by neutralizing the electrical charge on the hair surface.
The positively charged molecules of Polyquaternium 22 attach to the negatively charged hair shaft and form a film on the hair’s surface.
This makes the hair appear smooth and makes Polyquaternium 22 easy to comb.
Polyquaternium 22 also works to condition the hair



POLYQUATERNIUM 22 ROLES IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH:
Polyquaternium 22 is primarily researched for Polyquaternium 22's applications in:

* Cosmetics:
As an antistatic agent, film former, and hair fixative in various hair care and other cosmetic products.

* Water Treatment:
As a complexing agent in polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration for removing contaminants like Chromium(VI) from water.

* Membrane
Technology:
Modifying anion-exchange membranes to enhance their performance in electrodialysis, particularly for anti-scaling properties.

* Antimicrobial Applications:
As a component in durable antimicrobial cleaning compositions, contributing to the stability and lasting antimicrobial activity.

* Material Science:
As a structure-directing agent in the synthesis of beta-type molecular sieves with hierarchical structures.




ORIGIN OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is manufactured by reacting two monomers, acrylic acid, and dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride.



WHAT DOES POLYQUATERNIUM 22 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Antistatic
*Film forming



SAFETY PROFILE OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
The Cosmetics Ingredient Review (CIR) Panel considers Polyquaternium 22 to be safe for use in cosmetic formulations.



ALTERNATIVES OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
*HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM HONEY



FUNCTIONS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
*Moisturizer
*Sensory Modifier
*Foam stabilizer
*Antistatic
*Film-forming agent



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
*Antistatic Agent:
Polyquaternium 22 neutralizes static electricity on surfaces by providing a conductive pathway for charge dissipation.

*Film Former:
Polyquaternium 22 creates a thin, continuous film on surfaces due to the intermolecular forces between polymer chains.

*Hair Fixative:
Polyquaternium 22's cationic groups bind to the negatively charged keratin in hair, providing hold and styling properties.

*Complexing Agent:
Polyquaternium 22 forms complexes with target molecules like Chromium(VI) through electrostatic interactions and chelation, allowing for their removal.

*Antimicrobial Agent:
The cationic charges disrupt the negatively charged bacterial cell membranes, leading to cell death.

*Structure-Directing Agent:
In molecular sieve synthesis, Polyquaternium 22 likely interacts with the inorganic precursors, guiding the formation of specific pore structures.



BENEFITS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
*Great conditioning and moisturizing properties
*Easily removable and great stiffness
*Improves dry and wet combability
*Works well with dry, ethnic and treated hair
*Readily available at cosmetic ingredient supplier for manufacturers



BENEFITS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
-Hair care products:
Hair dyes and colors, permanent waves and relaxers, shampoos, conditioners, and styling products:

*Provides excellent conditioning for products with pH ranges from 3-12
*Contributes shine and a soft, lubricious feel
*Improves wet and dry comb
*Aids in curl retention
*Compatible with most anionic and amphoteric surfactants

-Skincare products:
Creams and lotions, liquid soaps and bath products, shaving products, AP/DO:
*Provides excellent moisturization
*Smooth silky feel with good spreadability
*Soft non-tacky feel after drying
*Thick, rich foam with improved foam stability.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
*Physical State:
Polyquaternium-22 typically exists as a viscous liquid or a solid, depending on molecular weight and concentration.

*Solubility:
Polyquaternium 22 is water-soluble, making it suitable for various applications.

*Charge:
Polyquaternium 22 possesses a positive charge due to the quaternary ammonium groups.



FUNCTIONS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
*Antistatic :
Polyquaternium 22 reduces static electricity by neutralizing electrical charge on a surface
*Film forming :
Polyquaternium 22 produces a continuous film on skin, hair or nails



METHOD OF USE OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
Recommended percentages of Polyquaternium 22: 1.0% in shampoos and conditioners, 1.5% in skin care products.



PROPERTIES OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is an amphoteric polymer with high charge density, moisture, and pH value for a wide range (1~14).
These copolymers are recommended to improve the wet and dry properties of hair care products and to enhance the feel of skin care products.



BENEFITS AND FEATURES OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
*Perfect conditioning for products ranges from pH 3-12
*Provides shine and a soft, oily feel.
*Improves wet and dry combing
*Nail retention aids
*Compatible with most anionic and amphoteric surfactants
*Excellent moisturizer
*Soft silky feeling, good spreadability
*Feels soft and non-sticky after drying
*Achieve thick, rich foam with better foam stability



PROPERTIES OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is an amphoteric polymer with high charge density, moisture, and pH for a wide range (1~14).
These copolymers are recommended to improve the wet and dry properties of hair care products and to enhance the feel of skincare products.



HAIR CARE PRODUCTS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is used in shampoos, conditioners, styling products.
Polyquaternium 22 provides:
1) Conditioning properties for products with extreme range of pH.
2) No hair color affect
3) Soft and silky feeling.
4) Excellent dry compatibility
5) Compatible with most anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
6) Snag-free wet combability.



SKIN CARE PRODUCTS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
Polyquaternium 22 is used in Moisturizing Creams, Lotions, Bath Gels, Liquid Soaps, Soap Bars, Shaving Products, Antiperspirants and Deodorants.
Polyquaternium 22 provides:
1) A smooth, velvety feel; reduces tightness after drying skin.
2) Provides excellent moisturization
3) Contributes lubricity which can help make skin care products easier to apply



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
While specific details on the industrial synthesis of Polyquaternium 22 are limited in the provided papers, it is generally synthesized through the polymerization of acrylamide monomers with quaternary ammonium-containing monomers.
The exact conditions and ratios of monomers can influence the final properties of the polymer.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
*Complexation:
Polyquaternium 22 can form complexes with anionic species, such as Chromium(VI) ions, facilitating their removal from solutions.
This complexation ability is also crucial for its antimicrobial activity.

*Electrostatic Interactions:
Polyquaternium 22 readily interacts with negatively charged surfaces through electrostatic forces.
This interaction is the basis for its use as an antistatic agent, film former, and hair fixative in cosmetics.

*Surface Modification:
The cationic groups in Polyquaternium 22 allow it to chemically bind to the surface of materials like anion-exchange membranes, altering their surface charge and properties



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
pH: 2.0-5.0 (1% aqueous solution)
Solubility: Soluble in water
Viscosity: 3000-7500 cps @25°C
CAS NO.: 53694-17-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H16NCl)n(C3H3O2)n′
Molecular Weight: 1.5×103
CAS Number: 53694-17-0
EC Number: 611-036-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium; prop-2-enoic acid; chloride
Origin(s): Synthetic

INCI name: POLYQUATERNIUM-22
Classification: Quaternary ammonium cation, Synthetic polymer
Molecular Formula: (C8H16NCl)n(C3H3O2)n’
Appearance: Colorless to light yellow thick liquid, slightly turbid.
Solid content: 40±0.5%
pH: 4.0-5.3 (10% aqueous solution)
Viscosity: 3000-6000 cps @25°C
Product Name: Acrylic acid-diallyldimethylammonium chloride copolymer
CAS No.: 53694-17-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H16N.C3H4O2.Cl)x
InChIKey: InChIKey=SHPKFHOYQTVLAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Molecular Weight: 233.73500 g/mol

Exact Mass: 233.1182566
EC Number: 611-036-7
Boiling point: Not available
Model number: Emol 22
Storage: Store in a cold and dry place
Fire point: > 100°C
Viscosity: 3000-6000 cps @25°C
Main ingredient: Polyquaternium 10
Product Type: Polyquaterniums
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish transparent viscous liquid.



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P3
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store at Room Temperature.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYQUATERNIUM 22:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Polyquaternium 22 refers to the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer.
They are positively charged polymers and neutralize the negative charge of most shampoos and hair proteins thus making the hair lie flat.
Polyquaternium-22 is a copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride, that works as an antistatic agent and hair fixative in cosmetics and personal care products.

CAS: 53694-17-0
MF: C11H20ClNO2
MW: 233.74
EINECS: 203-326-3

Synonyms:
Dimethyldiallylammonium chloride acrylic acid polymer;n,n-dimethyl-n-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride polymer with 2-propenoic acid;Polyquaternium-22;Polyquaternium-22 Cas NO.: 53694-17-0;Polyquaternium-22 (4500 mpa.S);2-PROPEN-1-AMINIUM, N,N-DIMETHYL-N-2-PROPEN-1-YL-, CHLORIDE (1:1), POLYMER WITH 2-PROPENOIC ACID ;(3000-6000 MPA.S);DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM CHLORIDE-ACRYLIC ACID COPOLYMER (3000-6000 MPA.S);H3W1D31JAR;MERQUAT 280;MERQUAT 280 POLYMER;QUATERNIUM-22;51812-80-7;3-(D-Gluconoylamino)propyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride;QUATERNIUM 22;CERAPHYL 60;MXO138JCBP;Ceraphyl 60 (Technical Grade);1-Propanaminium, 3-(D-gluconoylamino)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride (1:1);UNII-MXO138JCBP;1-Propanaminium, 3-(D-gluconoylamino)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-, chloride;EINECS 257-440-3;SCHEMBL2390520;QUATERNIUM 22 [VANDF];DTXSID601014646;(alpha-Gluconamidopropyl)dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylammonium chloride;gamma-Gluconamidopropyl dimethyl 2-hydroxyethyl ammonium chloride;DB-251970;NS00014027;W-111027;Q27284281;3-(D-gluconylamino)propyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride;3-(D-Gluconoylamino)-N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-1-propanamin- ium chloride;3-(D-GLUCONOYLAMINO)-N-(2-HYDROXYETHYL)-N,N-DIMETHYL-1-PROPANAMINIUM CHLORIDE;N-.GAMMA.-GLUCONAMIDOPROPYL-N,N-DIMETHYL-N-HYDROXYETHYL AMMONIUM CHLORIDE;2-hydroxyethyl-dimethyl-[3-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoyl]amino]propyl]azanium;chloride

Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged cationic co-polymer that is capable of demonstrating both anionic and cationic characteristics.
Polyquaternium 22 demonstrates excellent pH stability and is ideal for use as a conditioning polymer in hair and skin care applications.
Polyquaternium 22 is a viscous clear to slightly hazy liquid with a mild aldehyde odor.
Polyquaternium 22 is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt that is synthesized from organic acids, silicone, and fatty acids.
Polyquaternium 22 is used in cosmetics as a film-forming agent and conditioner.
Polyquaternium 22 has been shown to have bactericidal effects on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Polyquaternium 22 has also been shown to reduce inflammation by suppressing the production of proinflammatory cytokines.
Polyquaternium 22 also has surfactant properties and can inhibit the proliferation of cancerous cells in lymphocytic leukemia.

Polyquaternium 22 is called Cosroma TLJ022.
Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged cationic co-polymer that is capable of demonstrating both anionic and cationic characteristics.
Polyquaternium 22 demonstrates excellent pH stability and is ideal for using as conditioning polymers in hair and skin care applications.
Polyquaternium 22 is a copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium chloride.
Polyquaternium 22 is a highly charged cationic co-polymer that is capable of demonstrating both anionic and cationic characteristics.
Polyquaternium 22 is used as an antistatic agent, film former, and hair fixative in cosmetic products.

Uses
Polyquaternium 22 works as an antistatic agent, film former, and hair fixative in cosmetic products.
Polyquaternium 22 is used at concentrations up to 2% in a rinse-off product.
Hair care: Polyquaternium 22 reduces the static charges by neutralizing the electrical charge on the hair surface.
The positively charged molecules of polyquaternium 22 attach to the negatively charged hair shaft and form a film on the hair’s surface.
This makes the hair appear smooth and makes it easy to comb.
Polyquaternium 22 also works to condition the hair.

Cosmetic Applications
Polyquaternium 22 and similar compounds like polyquaternium-39 are primarily used in cosmetics, functioning as antistatic agents, film formers, and hair fixatives.
These polymers are utilized at specific concentrations, showing no significant skin irritation or sensitization in limited data.
Their large, highly polar molecular structure likely prevents absorption, minimizing local or systemic toxicity risks.

Environmental and Industrial Applications
Polyquaternium 22 has been explored for environmental and industrial applications.
For instance, Polyquaternium 22 has been used as a complexing agent in polyelectrolyte-enhanced ultrafiltration processes, demonstrating effectiveness in removing Chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions.
The process shows over 90% rejection coefficient at certain conditions, highlighting its potential for environmental remediation.

Electrodialysis and Water Treatment
Polyquaternium 22 has been modified for use in anion-exchange membranes in electrodialysis.
This modification has shown to increase the membrane's surface charge and reduce water splitting rates, which can be beneficial in mitigating scaling on the membrane surface during electrodialysis.
This indicates Polyquaternium 22's potential in improving the efficiency of water treatment processes.

Analytical Chemistry Applications
In the field of analytical chemistry, polyquaternium polymers, including this compound, have been analyzed using electroanalytical methods.
Techniques such as potentiometric titration with dextran sulfate have been employed for their quantification, demonstrating the importance of these polymers in analytical applications.

Hair Care and Cosmetic Research
Additionally, Polyquaternium 22 has been researched for its applications in hair care.
Studies have shown its effectiveness in conditioning, detangling, and enhancing hair shine, making Polyquaternium 22 a valuable component in cosmetic formulations.

Safety and Toxicology Studies
Safety assessments of polyquaternium compounds, including this compound, have been conducted to evaluate their potential toxicity, irritation, and sensitization risks.
These studies contribute to understanding the safety profile of these polymers in various applications, particularly in cosmetics.

Polyquaternium 37 Polyquaternium 37 is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt. It is used in hair care products as an anti-static agent, film former and fixative. Polyquaternium 37 is classified as : Antistatic Film forming CAS Number of Polyquaternium 37: 26161-33-1 COSING REF No of Polyquaternium 37: 79206 Chem/IUPAC Name of Polyquaternium 37: Ethanaminium, N, N, N-trimethyl-2-((2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)- chloride homopolymer Functions of Polyquaternium 37: Polyquaternium 37 is one of the most widely-used members of the Polyquaternium group (similar ingredients with different numbers to indicate their chemical compositions) and is an anti-static agent and film former seen primarily in hair care products. A patent filed by a European beauty company notes that Polyquaternium 37 (in conjunction with fatty alcohol and a surfactant) provides "hair conditioning composition with excellent body enhancing and volume up effect especially for fine hair and also gives hair excellent combability, elasticity and shine;" it goes on to say that it does not way hair down either. Polyquaternium 37 works by providing a positive charge to counteract the negative charge often found in shampoos and other hair care products. They bond ionically to the hair and "and provide conditioning benefits such as ease of combing, hair alignment, elasticity and shine," according to the Hairlicious blog. Safety Measures/Side Effects of Polyquaternium 37: Polyquaternium 37 is considered a low hazard ingredient by the Cosmetics Database, which only notes data gaps and bioaccumulation as a concern. No other studies were found that reported any negative side effects or adverse reactions. Details of Polyquaternium 37: A cationic polymer molecule (a big molecule with repeated subunits and a positive charge) that acts both as a film-former and conditioning ingredient as well as a thickening agent. A cationic thickening and stabilizing polymer Excellent conditioning properties for skin and hair coupled with a great sensory profile add up to a winning combination in modern hair care products. Polyquaternium 37 delivers in all areas, and is even suitable for clear formulations. The cationic polymer thickens and stabilizes, and can be processed cold or hot at various manufacturing phases. Polyquaternium 37 is free of preservatives, effective at low concentration and suitable for EO-free concepts, giving it attractive sustainability properties. Functions of Polyquaternium 37: Conditioning Polymer Rheology Modifier Form of Delivery of Polyquaternium 37: Powder Chemical Description of Polyquaternium 37: Cationic homopolymer in powder form INCI Polyquaternium 37 Appearance / Product characteristics of Polyquaternium 37: White powder with slight characteristic odor Use of Polyquaternium 37: Thickening and stabilizing agent for cosmetic formulations, especially suitable for cationic systems, acidic media and transparent gel formulations, conditioner, excellent sensorics Sustainability Benefits of Polyquaternium 37: Cold processable Does not contain preservative Suitable for EO-free solutions High efficiency at low concentration Application After Sun Baby Care and Cleansing Body Care Color Care Conditioning Face Care Face Cleansing Hair Coloring Personal Care Wipes Self Tanning Styling Sun Protection Product Groups Conditioning Polymers Rheology Modifiers Polyquaternium 37 is a synthetic cationic polymer that can be used in cosmetic applications as a thickening, suspending, and conditioning agent. Polyquaternium 37 is compatible with a wide range of cationic and nonionic surfactants. Polyquaternium Polyquaternium is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry. Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer. INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation. Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium". Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer. The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure. Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions. Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat. Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin. Some have antimicrobial properties. List of Polyquaterniums[1] Polyquaternium Chemical Identity Polyquaternium-1 Ethanol, 2,2′,2″ -nitrilotris-, polymer with 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine Polyquaternium-2 Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] Polyquaternium-4 Hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl diallylammonium chloride copolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-hydroxyethyl cellulose copolymer Polyquaternium-5 Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate Polyquaternium-6 Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-7 Copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride Polyquaternium-8 Copolymer of methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with dimethylsulphate[2] Polyquaternium-9 Homopolymer of N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with bromomethane Polyquaternium-10 Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose Polyquaternium-11 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate Polyquaternium-12 Ethyl methacrylate / abietyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-13 Ethyl methacrylate / oleyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-14 Trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate homopolymer Polyquaternium-15 Acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride copolymer Polyquaternium-16 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-17 Adipic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer Polyquaternium-18 Azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer Polyquaternium-19 Copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-20 Copolymer of polyvinyl octadecyl ether and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-22 Copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polyquaternium-24 Quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide. Polyquaternium-27 Block copolymer of Polyquaternium-2 and Polyquaternium-17 Polyquaternium-28 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium Polyquaternium-29 Chitosan modified with propylen oxide and quaternized with epichlorhydrin Polyquaternium-30 Ethanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]-, inner salt, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Polyquaternium-31 N,N- dimethylaminopropyl-N-acrylamidine quatemized with diethylsulfate bound to a block of polyacrylonitrile Polyquaternium-32 Poly(acrylamide 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-33 Copolymer of trimethylaminoethylacrylate salt and acrylamide Polyquaternium-34 Copolymer of 1,3-dibromopropane and N,N-diethyl-N′,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine Polyquaternium-35 Methosulphate of the copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium and of methacryloyloxyethyldimethylacetylammonium Polyquaternium-36 Copolymer of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and buthylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethylsulphate Polyquaternium 37 Poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-39 Terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polyquaternium-42 Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene (dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride] Polyquaternium-43 Copolymer of acrylamide, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 2-amidopropylacrylamide sulfonate and dimethylaminopropylamine Polyquaternium-44 3-Methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer Polyquaternium-45 Copolymer of (N-methyl-N-ethoxyglycine)methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate Polyquaternium-46 Terpolymer of vinylcaprolactam, vinylpyrrolidone, and quaternized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-47 Terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate Polyquaternium 37 Avoid Polyquaternium 37 is Used to keep down fly-aways due to static electricity. Also used as a hair fixative, so this means it can build up in your hair with repeated use, making it sticky or crunchy. Fine in gels or styling products, but use caution in shampoos and conditioners. There is also concern that it tends to build up in the environment. What is Polyquaternium 37? Polyquaternium 37 is a charged (polycationic) polymer normally used in the personal care industry i.e. Hair care. What does Polyquaternium 37 do for the hair? Since they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos, relaxers, hair proteins etc. helping the hair to lay flat. Their positive charge, ionically bond to the hair. It is particularly useful to use cationic polymers on hair exposed to high alkalinity relaxers to decrease damage to hair. They attach to the hair and provide conditioning benefits such as ease of combing, hair alignment, elasticity and shine. Polyquaternium 37 also helps to reduce flyaways & static. Molecular Weight of Polyquaternium 37: 207.7 g/mol Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Polyquaternium 37: 0 Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Polyquaternium 37: 3 Rotatable Bond Count of Polyquaternium 37: 5 Exact Mass of Polyquaternium 37: 207.102607 g/mol Monoisotopic Mass of Polyquaternium 37: 207.102607 g/mol Topological Polar Surface Area of Polyquaternium 37: 26.3 Ų Heavy Atom Count of Polyquaternium 37: 13 Formal Charge of Polyquaternium 37: 0 Complexity of Polyquaternium 37: 180 Isotope Atom Count of Polyquaternium 37: 0 Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Polyquaternium 37: 0 Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Polyquaternium 37: 0 Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Polyquaternium 37: 0 Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Polyquaternium 37: 0 Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Polyquaternium 37: 2 Compound of Polyquaternium 37 Is Canonicalized: Yes

cas no 26590-05-6 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propoxy) ethyl cellulose, chloride; Cellulose, omega-ether with ethoxylated 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propanol, chloride; Hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate, quaternized;

DESCRIPTION:
Polyquaternium-42 is Effective in both acidic and alkaline pH ranges with excellent antistatic, emulsifying, dispersing, solubilizing, wetting, film-forming, antibacterial, antimicrobial, preservative abilities.
Polyquaternium-42 stops microbiological growth in cooling towers and other commercial and industrial recirculating cooling water systems.
And that stops unnecessary downtime, saves time and saves money.


CAS No. : 31512-74-0; 31075-24-8


APPLICATIONS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 42:
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is a cationic polymeric algaecide, which can restrain kinds of algae in kinds of industrial cooling water system
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 can also control the growth of algae in swimming pools, holding ponds, reservoirs and the tank of industrial fresh water systems.
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 can be used in acidic, alkaline and hard water. It is non foaming biocide and safe at use concentrations.

Preservation of water-based synthetic metalworking fluids based on amines, borates, phosphates, nitrates, etc, and also for the protection of those fluids based on soluble or emulsifying oils modified with nonionic surfactants.
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is used Especially in swimming Pools, SPA, Whirlpools, Hot tubs and metal processing.

The initial treatment should be repeated whenever the water does not appear transparent.
This dose is merely meant as a guideline and may be modified according to different characteristics of the pool or climate.

Pour the necessary dose in a container with water and evenly distribute over the pool water surface.
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 should be added when there is no swimmer in the pool and preferably during the evening.


POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is Used as antistatic agent.
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is Used as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is Used as flocculant.

POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is Used as deodorant.
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is Used as film-forming agent.
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is Used as antimicrobial agent, preservative
POLYQUATERNIUM 42 is Used as antimicrobial agent, preservative.



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYQUATERNIUM 42:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYQUATERNIUM 42:
Chemical Name: Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino) ethylene(dimethylimino) ethylene dichloride]
Other Name: Polyquaternary Compound
M.F. : (C10H24Cl2N2O)n
Appearance: amber liquid
content: 60%min
PH 5~7
Appearance Light yellow to yellow clear liquid
Solid content% 60-62
Density(30 )g/cm3 1.13-1.16
PH(1% water solution) 5.0-7.0
Viscosity(25, mps) 250-600
Turbidity (NTU) ≤15
Molecular Formula:
(C10H24Cl2N2O)n
Shelf Life:
2 Years
Appearance:
Amber liquid
Ph Level:
5~7
Physical Form:
Liquid
CAS No:
31512-74-0
Usage:
as swimming pool chemicals
Solubility:
solube in water
Application:
Water Treatment
Storage:
Room Temperature
Molecular Weight:289.28
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:3
Rotatable Bond Count:8
Exact Mass:288.1735190
Monoisotopic Mass:288.1735190
Topological Polar Surface Area:9.2
Heavy Atom Count:17
Complexity:167
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:3
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes



SYNONYMS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 42:
Poly[oxy-1,2-ethanediyl(dimethyliminio)-1,2-ethanediyl(dimethyliminio)-1,2-ethanediyl chloride (1:2)]
Poly[oxy-1,2-ethanediyl(dimethyliminio)-1,2-ethanediyl(dimethyliminio)-1,2-ethanediyl dichloride]
Poly[oxyethylene(dimethyliminio)ethylene(dimethyliminio)ethylene dichloride]
Bualta;Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride]
Busan 77
WSCP
Bubond 60
BL 2142
KA 1700
TB 66
Bulab 6002
MBC 115
Polixetonium chloride
Armoblen NPX
Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylamino)ethylene(dimethylamino)ethylene dichloride]
Busan 1507
Polyquaternium 42
37263-28-8
53466-75-4
104709-19-5
123119-55-1
137397-25-2
159534-88-0
1681012-08-7

Polyquaternium 46 is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt prepared by the reaction of vinylcaprolactam and vinylpyrrolidone with methylvinylimidazolium methosulfate.
Polyquaternium 46 is a quaternized copolymer for hair and skin care.
Polyquaternium 46 is an aqueous solution of cationic polymers of different charge density and different degrees of setting and conditioning.

CAS: 174761-16-1
MF: C21H34N4O6S
MW: 470.58286

Polyquaternium 46 is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid, with a slight characteristic odor.
Polyquaternium 46 has a weight composition of 40% VP, a solids content of 19-21, and a charge density of 0.5 meq/g at pH 7.
Polyquaternium 46 is ideally used in mouse, gel spray, hair and skin conditioner and shampoo, body lotion, and shaving preparations.
Polyquaternium 46 is a conditioning and anti-static agent.
This ingredient offers protective & wet combability improving properties and substantivity.
Polyquaternium 46 is used in hair styling products such as mousse, lotion, gel and spray.
Polyquaternium 46 is a setting and conditioning agent.
Polyquaternium 46 is a substantive cationic copolymer of vinylcaprolactam vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole.
Polyquaternium 46 finds application in formulating conditioners and styling aids like aerosol mousses, pump, sprays, gels, creams & waxes.

Polyquaternium 46 is a quaternized copolymer for hair and skin care.
Polyquaternium 46 is an aqueous solution of cationic polymers of different charge density and different degrees of setting and conditioning.
Polyquaternium 46 is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid, with a slight characteristic odor.
Polyquaternium 46 has a weight composition of 40% VP, a solids content of 19-21, and a charge density of 0.5 meq/g at pH 7.
Polyquaternium 46 is ideally used in mouse, gel spray, hair and skin conditioner and shampoo, body lotion, and shaving preparations.

Polyquaternium 46 Chemical Properties
Density: 1.04 g/mL at 20 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.371
PH: 5.0-8.0 (10% in H2O, active ingredients)
Boiling Point: 254.7ºC at 760 mmHg
Molecular Formula: C21H34N4O6S
Molecular Weight: 470.58300
Flash Point: 112.5ºC
Exact Mass: 470.22000
PSA: 124.24000
LogP: 2.74750
Vapour Pressure: 0.017mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.371

Synonyms
Luviquat Hold
174761-16-1
LUVIQUAT (R) HOLD
1-ethenylazepan-2-one;1-ethenyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;methyl sulfate
(C8-H13-N-O.C6-H9-N2.C6-H9-N-O.C-H3-O4-S)x-

CAS Number: 26062-79-3

Polyquaternium-6 (PQ-6) is the polymeric quaternary ammonium salt derived from the homopolymerization of diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC) monomer.
The grades of Polyquaternium-6 supplied to the personal care industry typically have weight-average molecular weight (Mw) values of ca. 150,000 g/mol, although grades with Mw values as low as 15,000 g/mol are available.

Polyquaternium-6 is a strong polyelectrolyte, i.e. it is comprised of repeating units that remain fully ionized in aqueous solutions independent of the solution pH value.
In addition, Polyquaternium-6 has a relatively high cationic charge density because each repeating unit bears a positive charge.
Polyquaternium 6 is a polymer of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride.

Polyquaternium-6 is classified as :
-Antistatic
-Film forming

Polyquaternium-6 gathers electrolyte for the strong cation.
Polyquaternium-6 is clear to light yellow viscose liquid with freezing point -2.8℃, specific weight1.04g/cm3, resolve temperature 280-300℃.
Polyquaternium-6 is easy to dissolve in water, but not easy to combust.
Polyquaternium-6 has strong coagulate dint and good water solution stability.

Polyquaternium-6 doesn't become gel and keep stable in the wide pH range.
Anti-chlorine and high charge density, these characteristics make it become ideal product of hair stem.
Polyquaternium-6 can also be applied in hair and skin care.

Polyquaternium 6 (P6) is a strong cationic polymer, easily soluble in water, and maintains good stability in a wide range of PH value.
Adding of Polyquaternium-6 to hair care products such as coloring agents, bleaching agents, bulking agents, styling agents, etc., can play a better conditioning; adding to moisturizing cream, hand soap, shower gel, shaving cream, deodorant and other skin care products.
Polyquaternium-6 can play a very good moisturizing performance and give the skin a superior lubricating feeling.

About liquid polyquaternium:
Polyquaternium-6 is more accurate to say that it is a water-soluble polyquaternary ammonium salt.
A series of novel water-soluble polyquaternary ammonium salts were prepared by copolymerization of epichlorohydrin, dichloroethyl ether and N N N' N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, methylamine, ethylamine and dodecylamine.
The reaction synthesis yield is high, the reproducibility is good, and the post-treatment of the product is simple, so that the industrial application prospect of the product is good.

Usage of Polyquaternium-6:
1. Polyquaternium-6 is a kind of homopolymer with high cationic activity.
Polyquaternium-6 can provide excellent conditioning effect for hair even in low concentration.
Polyquaternium-6 is used in shampoo, bleach, hair colorant and hair spray, the concentration generally is 0.5% ~ 1%.

2. Polyquaternium-6 can offer moist, glossy and rich foam.
Polyquaternium-6 can make the wet hair more smooth for combing and the antistatic ability and give hair a smooth, silly and lustrous touch.

3. Added into moisturizing cream, bath form, shaving cream and deodorant, Polyquaternium-6 contributes to excellent skin feel.
The suggested concentration of Polyquaternium-6 is 1% ~ 2%.

4. Polyquaternium-6 can improve dispersion, direct nature and activity of the functional elements which is used in hair and skin care.

Product Description:
Polyquaternium-6 (2687-91-4) is white or light yellow liquid.
Polyquaternium-6 is also known as Ethyl Pyrrolidinone, 1-Ethyl-2-Pyrrolidone and Ethyl Pyrrolidone.
Polyquaternium-6 Is a chemical compound.

Polyquaternium-6 is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride.
Polyquaternium-6 is designed for use in a large range of applications in the cosmetic industry.
Polyquaternium-6s high substantive cationic nature makes it especially useful as a conditioner in skin and hair care formulation.

INCI Name: Polyquaternium-6
Registration: CAS No.: 26062-79-3
COSING REF No: 36881
Chem/IUPAC Name: Polyquaternium-6 is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride

Functions of Polyquaternium-6:
-Antistatic
-Film forming
-Skin conditioning
-Viscosity controlling

Applications of Polyquaternium-6:
Polyquaternium-6 can be used in hair-care and in skin-care products such as: conditioning shampoos, post-shampoo rinse and non-rinse conditioners and hair dyeing products.

Recommended use levels of Polyquaternium-6:
The concentration required is:
In shampoos: 0,2 – 0,5%
In conditioners: 0,5 - 2,0%
In skin care products: 0,2 - 0,5%
In bar soap: 0,1 - 0,5 %
In perms: 0,1 - 1,5 %

Storage of Polyquaternium-6:
Protected from light and humidity in a clean place at room temperature.
Once open, handle with care to avoid secondary microbial contamination.

Specifications of Polyquaternium-6:
Appearance: colorless to light yellow clear viscous liquid
pH: 5–8 (1% water solution,25℃)
Viscosity @ 25°C 5000–25000cps
Water: 59.0 - 61.0 %

Polyquaternium-6 is basically polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride.
This cationic homopolymer is equipped for use in an extensive range of applications in the cosmetic industry over the globe.
Since polyquaternium is positively charged the neutralizes negative charge of the shampoo helping the hair to stay flat.

Polyquaternium-6's high Antistatic, Film forming, Skin conditioning, Viscosity controlling nature makes it useful as a conditioner in skin and hair care formulation.
In hair care products polyquaternium-6 provides benefits like it Provides a luster and a soft silky feel, it gives a soft, velvety and non-greasy after feel to the skin.
Polyquaternium-6 improves the spreadability of the final product.

In Hair Care products Polyquaternium-6 helps to Reduce Static and flyaway effect, improve wet and dry capability and it provides luster and a soft silky feel to hair, according to a recent study of Fact.
MR consumers prefer polyquaternium-6 based products only for damaged and tight curly hair and not for regular use.
Polyquaternium-6 is easy to use for making cosmetic products due to its easy solubility in water.

Polyquaternium-6, 35 Percent Aqueous Solution, Very low molecular weight is used as a cosmetic antistatic and conditioning agent.
Ungraded products indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Synonyms: N,N-Diallyl-N,N-dimethylammonium Chloride Homopolymer ; N,N-Dimethyl-N-(2-propenyl)-2-propen-1-aminium Chloride Polymer ; Poly(diallyldimethylammonium Chloride) ; Poly(DMDAAC)

Polyquaternium-6 in hair care Products :
Relaxers, Bleaches, Dyes, Shampoos, Conditioners, Styling Products, and Permanent Waves.
1.Contributes luster and a soft, silky feel;
2.Provides excellent slip, lubricity and snag-free wet compatibility;
3.Imparts excellent dry compatibility;
4.Suggested starting concentration:1.0%(shampoo and conditioner),3.0%(others)

Polyquaternium-6 in skin care Products :
Moisturizing Creams, Lotions, Bath Gels, Liquid Soaps, Soap Bars, Shaving Products, Antiperspirants andDeodorants.
1.Imparts a smooth, velvety feel; reduces tightness after drying skin;
2.Provides excellent moisturization;
3.Contributes lubricity which can help make skin care products easier to apply;
4.Liquid cleansing products acquire richer foam with improved stability;
5.Suggested starting concentration:1.0%

Uses of Polyquaternium-6:
The unique decolorization ability is mainly applied to the decolorization treatment of high chroma wastewater from dye factory, and the applicable dyes are active type, acid type and disperse dye, etc.
Polyquaternium-6 can also be used for textile, printing and dyeing, ink and other industrial wastewater treatment.
Polyquaternium-6 can also be used as paper reinforcement, sizing agent, etc.

Cosmetic uses of Polyquaternium-6:
The safety of the cosmetic ingredient addressed in this safety assessment is evaluated based, in part, on data received from the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the cosmetics industry on the expected use of this ingredient in cosmetics.
Use frequencies of individual ingredients in cosmetics are collected from manufacturers and reported by cosmetic product category in FDA’s Voluntary Cosmetic Registration Program (VCRP) database.
Use concentration data are submitted by the cosmetics industry in response to surveys, conducted by the Personal Care Products Council (Council), of maximum reported use concentrations by product category.
According to 2020 VCRP data, Polyquaternium-6 is reported to be used in 282 cosmetic products.

The results of a concentration of use survey completed in 2019 - 2020, and provided by the Council in 2020, indicate that Polyquaternium-6 is being used at maximum use concentrations up to 1.2% in leave-on products (tonics, dressings, and other hair grooming aids) and at maximum use concentrations up to 3% in rinse-off products (hair straighteners).
Cosmetic products containing Polyquaternium-6 may be applied to the skin/hair (at concentrations up to 3%) or, and may come in contact with mucous membranes (at concentrations up to 0.25% in bath soaps and detergents).
Products containing Polyquaternium-6 are not typically applied more than once per day, and may come in contact with the skin for variable periods following application.
Daily or occasional use may extend over many years.

Polyquaternium-6 is reported to be used in aerosol hair sprays (pump sprays) at maximum use concentrations up to 0.5%.
In practice, 95% to 99% of the droplets/particles released from cosmetic sprays have aerodynamic equivalent diameters > 10 µm, with propellant sprays yielding a greater fraction of droplets/particles below 10 µm, compared with pump sprays.
Therefore, most droplets/particles incidentally inhaled from cosmetic sprays would be deposited in the nasopharyngeal and bronchial regions and would not be respirable (i.e., they would not enter the lungs) to any appreciable amount.
Polyquaternium-6 is not restricted from use in any way under the rules governing cosmetic products in the European Union.

Non-Cosmetic uses of Polyquaternium-6:
Polyquaternium-6 is an FDA-approved indirect food additive, i.e., for use as a component of paper and paperboard in contact with aqueous and fatty foods (21 CFR 176.170).
As a pigment dispersant and/or retention aid in the manufacture of paper, Polyquaternium-6 is used at a level not to exceed 10 pounds of active polymer per ton of finished paper and paperboard.
As a pigment dispersant in coatings, it is used at a level not to exceed 3.5 pounds of active polymer per ton of finished paper and paperboard.
For use only as a flocculant in the manufacture of paper and paperboard, it is used at a level not to exceed 10 mg/l (10 ppm) of influent water.

Polyquaternium is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry.
Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer.
INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation.

Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium".
Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer.
The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.

Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions.
Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin.
Some have antimicrobial properties.

Appearance : Colorless to light yellow clear viscous liquid
Scent: Faint aldehydic smell
Solid: 40±1%
pH(1% water solution,25℃): 5–8
Viscosity (25℃): 5000–25000cps

What is Polyquaternium?
Polyquaternium is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymersthat are used in the personal care industry.
Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer.
INCI has approved at least 37 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation.

Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word “polyquaternium”.
Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer.
The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure.

Polyquaternium-4:
Provides excellent combability, holding, gloss and antistat properties.
Polyquaternium-4 substantive to skin and hair and exhibits outstanding properties in hair care products.
Polyquaternium-4 is a tan powder that is water-soluble. (suggested use: 0.5 to 1%)

Polyquaternium-7 :
Leaves hair feeling soft.
Polyquaternium-7 is a thick viscous liquid with low odor. (suggested use: 2 to 5%)

Polyquaternium-10:
This is a cationic, water-soluble substantive conditioner for hair care.
Polyquaternium-10 provides film formation on hair and moisturization.
Polyquaternium-10 is non-irritating and compatible with a wide range of surfactants.
Polyquaternium-10 enables the formulation of clear products.

Polyquaternium-44:
This is a very efficient, multinational polymer for use in a variety of cleansing products to improve the wet combability of the hair and prevent electrostatic charging when the hair is dry.
Polyquaternium-44 also protects the hair by forming a shield around each hair so that its surface is less readily attacked.
Polyquaternium-44 conditions and provides a smooth silky feel to the hair.

The lather creaminess is significantly improved.
There are no drawbacks with fine hair regarding volume, accumulation and build-up when used at recommended use levels.
Polyquaternium-44 is a viscous clear amber liquid with low odor.

How does Polyquaternium 6 work hair?
Since they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos, relaxers, hair proteins etc. helping the hair to lay flat.
Their positive charge, ionically bond to the hair.
Polyquaternium 6 is particularly useful to use cationic polymers on hair exposed to high alkalinity relaxers to decrease damage to hair.

They attach to the hair and provide conditioning benefits such as ease of combing, hair alignment, elasticity and shine.
Polyquaternium also helps to reduce flyaways & static.
As always, choose your products carefully, get samples when you can, and see what works for your hair.

Chemical Name: Polyquaternium 6
Synonyms: N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium Chloride Homopolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polymers; Accepta 2058; Additol VXT 3529; Agefloc ; Agequat 400; Amerfloc 487; Aquaserv AQ 299; Aronfloc C 70; Auxipon DD 25; Bufloc; Calgon; Cartafix; Cat-Floc; Catiofast ; Certrex 340; CinFix RDF; Conductive Polymer 261; Croscolor NOFF; Cysep 4022; Daidol EC 004; Danfix ; Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Homopolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polymer; Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride-Desmodur 100-Zircosol AC 7 Copolymer; Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride Homopolymer; Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride Polymer; Fennofix 40; Floc 572; Flockstar LD 54; Floerger; Floquat; Floraquatgel; Gen Floc F 71100; Genamin PDAC; Glascol F 207; Highholder 604; Hydraid; Hydrex ; Induquat ECR 35L; Jayflo
CAS Number: 26062-79-3
Molecular Formula: (C₈H₁₆ClN)ₓ
Molecular Weight: (161.67)
Category: Research Tools; Materials;
Applications: Polyquaternium 6 is used as a coagulant aid in water treatment.

Polyquaternium-6 Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) Suggested Use:1. The reference dosage in hair care products: 1-3%2.
The reference dosage in skin care products: 1-5%3. The reference dosage Moisturizing cream, shaving cream: 1-2%4. The reference dosage hair dye and hair spray: 0.5-1%

Physical State: Liquid
State of Matter: Liquid
Form of Chemicals: Liquid
Usage/Application: Industrial
Purity: 98% Min
Appearance: Liquid
Cas-No: 26062-79-3
Standard: Industrial
Synonyms: Poly-Diallyldimethylammonium Chloride
Pack Type: Drum
Application/Usage: Industrial

Increased use of polyquaternium 6 in cosmetics:
The polyquaternium-6 market can be segmented into end-users, forms, ingredients, packing types and nature.
By the end users, polyquaternium-6 market can be categorized into Skin Care, Haircare, and wastewater treatment.
The polyquaternium-6 market can be segmented in different forms of polyquaternium-6 such as powder form and liquid form.

Ingredients of the polyquaternium-6 market can be segmented into Anti-static Agents, Conditioning Agents, Emollients Film Formers, Fixatives Lubricants / Slip Agents, Moisturizing Agents, Softening / Texturing Agents Thickeners & Stabilizers.

In the packaging type segment polyquaternium-6 is packed in bottle and bulk.
Nature of polyquaternium-6 segmented into organic and conventional.

Polyquaternium 6s functions (INCI):
Antistatic: Reduces static electricity by neutralizing the electrical charge on a surface
Film forming agent: Produces a continuous film on the skin, hair or nails

Suggested Uses of Polyquaternium 6::
1. The reference dosage in hair care products: 1-3%
2. The reference dosage in skin care products: 1-5%
3. The reference dosage Moisturizing cream, shaving cream: 1-2%
4. The reference dosage hair dye and hair spray: 0.5-1%
The specific amount determined according to the majority of cations, both amphoteric surfactant compatibility through specific test to determine the final ratio, in order to achieve the best results.

Polyquaternium-1: Ethanol, 2,2′,2″ -nitrilotris-, polymer with 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine
Polyquaternium-2 : Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea]
Polyquaternium-4 : Hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl diallylammonium chloride copolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-hydroxyethyl cellulose copolymer
Polyquaternium-5: Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate
Polyquaternium-6: Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
Polyquaternium-7: Copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride
Polyquaternium-8: Copolymer of methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with dimethylsulphate[2]
Polyquaternium-9 : Homopolymer of N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with bromomethane
Polyquaternium-10: Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose
Polyquaternium-11: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
Polyquaternium-12: Ethyl methacrylate / abietyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate
Polyquaternium-13: Ethyl methacrylate / oleyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate
Polyquaternium-14: Trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate homopolymer
Polyquaternium-15: Acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride copolymer
Polyquaternium-16: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole
Polyquaternium-17: Adipic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer
Polyquaternium-18: Azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer
Polyquaternium-19: Copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 2,3-epoxypropylamine
Polyquaternium-20: Copolymer of polyvinyl octadecyl ether and 2,3-epoxypropylamine
Polyquaternium-22: Copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride
Polyquaternium-24: Quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide.
Polyquaternium-27: Block copolymer of Polyquaternium-2 and Polyquaternium-17
Polyquaternium-28: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium
Polyquaternium-29: Chitosan modified with propylen oxide and quaternized with epichlorhydrin
Polyquaternium-30: Ethanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]-, inner salt, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
Polyquaternium-31: N,N- dimethylaminopropyl-N-acrylamidine quatemized with diethylsulfate bound to a block of polyacrylonitrile
Polyquaternium-32: Poly(acrylamide 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride)
Polyquaternium-33: Copolymer of trimethylaminoethylacrylate salt and acrylamide
Polyquaternium-34: Copolymer of 1,3-dibromopropane and N,N-diethyl-N′,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine
Polyquaternium-35: Methosulphate of the copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium and of methacryloyloxyethyldimethylacetylammonium
Polyquaternium-36: Copolymer of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and buthylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethylsulphate
Polyquaternium-37: Poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride)
Polyquaternium-39: Terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride
Polyquaternium-42: Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene (dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride]
Polyquaternium-43: Copolymer of acrylamide, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 2-amidopropylacrylamide sulfonate and dimethylaminopropylamine
Polyquaternium-44: 3-Methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer
Polyquaternium-45: Copolymer of (N-methyl-N-ethoxyglycine)methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate
Polyquaternium-46: Terpolymer of vinylcaprolactam, vinylpyrrolidone, and quaternized vinylimidazole
Polyquaternium-47: Terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate

synonyms:
agefloc WT 20
calgon 261
calgon 261LV
dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride (poly)
lectrapel
merquat 100 polymer
merquat 106 polymer
percol 1697
poly 2-propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride
poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride
poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)
poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
poly(dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride)
poly(DMDAAC)
quaternium-40
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propen-1-yl-, chloride (1:1), homopolymer
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propen-1-yl-, chloride (1:1), homopolymer
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride, homopolymer
2-Propen-1-aminium,N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-,chloride,homopolymer
DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMOMIUM CHLORIDE POLYMER
N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride
N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride homopolymer
N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-amonium chloride homopolymer
PDADMAC
Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride); (20% in water) (low MW)
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
Poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride)
Polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride
polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride
Polyquaternium-6
Poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride); (20% in water) (low MW)
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride, homopolymer
Color fixing agent GD-80
Poly (Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride)
Poly 2-propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride
Polyquaternium-6
26062-79-3
Poly-N,N-dimethyl-N,N-diallylammonium chloride
Polyquaternium-6
cat-floc
poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride)
pas-h10
vpk402
Merquat.(R). 100
261lv
pbk1
cp261lv
merck261
PDADMAC
cp261
e261
polyquaternium-6
poly(N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propene-1-aminium chloride)
dimethyldiallylammonium chloride homopolymer
CAS NO:26062-79-3

IUPAC names:
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propen-1-yl-, chloride (1:1), homopolymer
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride, homopolymer
2-Propen-1-aminium,N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-,chloride,homopolymer
DIALLYLDIMETHYLAMMOMIUM CHLORIDE POLYMER
N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride
N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-aminium chloride homopolymer
N,N-Dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-2-propen-1-amonium chloride homopolymer
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)
Poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride)
Polydiallyldimethyl ammonium chloride
polymeric quaternary ammonium salt of dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride
Polyquaternium-6

Other names:
2-Propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride, homopolymer
Color fixing agent GD-80
Poly (Dimethyldiallylammonium Chloride)
Poly 2-propen-1-aminium, N,N-dimethyl-N-2-propenyl-, chloride
Polyquaternium-6
Polydadmac

POLYQUATERNIUM-1; N° CAS : 75345-27-6 / 68518-54-7; Origine(s) : Synthétique; Nom INCI : POLYQUATERNIUM-1; N° EINECS/ELINCS : - / -; Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Polymère de synthèse; Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Polyquaternium is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry. Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer. INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation. Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium". Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer. The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure. Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions. Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat. Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin. Some have antimicrobial properties. List of Polyquaterniums: Polyquaternium Chemical Identity Polyquaternium-1: Ethanol, 2,2′,2″ -nitrilotris-, polymer with 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine Polyquaternium-2: Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] Polyquaternium-4: Hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl diallylammonium chloride copolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-hydroxyethyl cellulose copolymer Polyquaternium-5: Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate Polyquaternium-6: Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-7: Copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride Polyquaternium-8 : Copolymer of methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with dimethylsulphate[2] Polyquaternium-9 : Homopolymer of N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with bromomethane Polyquaternium-10: Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose Polyquaternium-11: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate Polyquaternium-12: Ethyl methacrylate / abietyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-13: Ethyl methacrylate / oleyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-14: Trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate homopolymer Polyquaternium-15: Acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride copolymer Polyquaternium-16: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-17: Adipic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer Polyquaternium-18: Azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer Polyquaternium-19: Copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-20 : Copolymer of polyvinyl octadecyl ether and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-22: Copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polyquaternium-24: Quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide. Polyquaternium-27: Block copolymer of Polyquaternium-2 and Polyquaternium-17 Polyquaternium-28: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium Polyquaternium-29: Chitosan modified with propylen oxide and quaternized with epichlorhydrin Polyquaternium-30: Ethanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]-, inner salt, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Polyquaternium-31: N,N- dimethylaminopropyl-N-acrylamidine quatemized with diethylsulfate bound to a block of polyacrylonitrile Polyquaternium-32: Poly(acrylamide 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-33: Copolymer of trimethylaminoethylacrylate salt and acrylamide Polyquaternium-34: Copolymer of 1,3-dibromopropane and N,N-diethyl-N′,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine Polyquaternium-35: Methosulphate of the copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium and of methacryloyloxyethyldimethylacetylammonium Polyquaternium-36: Copolymer of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and buthylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethylsulphate Polyquaternium-37: Poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-39: Terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polyquaternium-42: Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene (dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride] Polyquaternium-43: Copolymer of acrylamide, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 2-amidopropylacrylamide sulfonate and dimethylaminopropylamine Polyquaternium-44: 3-Methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer Polyquaternium-45: Copolymer of (N-methyl-N-ethoxyglycine)methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate Polyquaternium-46: Terpolymer of vinylcaprolactam, vinylpyrrolidone, and quaternized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-47: Terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate

POLYQUATERNIUM-10, N° CAS : 81859-24-7 / 53568-66-4 / 54351-50-7 / 55353-19-0 / 68610-92-4 / 81859-24-7. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : POLYQUATERNIUM-10. N° EINECS/ELINCS : *617-262-2 / *611-015-2 / - / - / *614-667-6 / -. Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Polymère de synthèse, Tensioactif cationique. Le Polyquaternium-10 est un tensioactif cationique (ammonium quaternaire) utilisé en tant qu'agent antistatique et filmogène dans les produits de bains, les shampooings, et les soins capillaires principalement. Ce conditionneur capillaire a tendance à remplacer les silicones, ou à compléter leur action.Ses fonctions (INCI): Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Polyquaternium is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry. Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer. INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation. Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium". Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer. The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure. Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions. Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat. Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin. Some have antimicrobial properties. List of Polyquaterniums: Polyquaternium Chemical Identity Polyquaternium-1: Ethanol, 2,2′,2″ -nitrilotris-, polymer with 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine Polyquaternium-2: Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] Polyquaternium-4: Hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl diallylammonium chloride copolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-hydroxyethyl cellulose copolymer Polyquaternium-5: Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate Polyquaternium-6: Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-7: Copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride Polyquaternium-8 : Copolymer of methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with dimethylsulphate[2] Polyquaternium-9 : Homopolymer of N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with bromomethane Polyquaternium-10: Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose Polyquaternium-11: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate Polyquaternium-12: Ethyl methacrylate / abietyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-13: Ethyl methacrylate / oleyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-14: Trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate homopolymer Polyquaternium-15: Acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride copolymer Polyquaternium-16: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-17: Adipic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer Polyquaternium-18: Azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer Polyquaternium-19: Copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-20 : Copolymer of polyvinyl octadecyl ether and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-22: Copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polyquaternium-24: Quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide. Polyquaternium-27: Block copolymer of Polyquaternium-2 and Polyquaternium-17 Polyquaternium-28: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium Polyquaternium-29: Chitosan modified with propylen oxide and quaternized with epichlorhydrin Polyquaternium-30: Ethanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]-, inner salt, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Polyquaternium-31: N,N- dimethylaminopropyl-N-acrylamidine quatemized with diethylsulfate bound to a block of polyacrylonitrile Polyquaternium-32: Poly(acrylamide 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-33: Copolymer of trimethylaminoethylacrylate salt and acrylamide Polyquaternium-34: Copolymer of 1,3-dibromopropane and N,N-diethyl-N′,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine Polyquaternium-35: Methosulphate of the copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium and of methacryloyloxyethyldimethylacetylammonium Polyquaternium-36: Copolymer of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and buthylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethylsulphate Polyquaternium-37: Poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-39: Terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polyquaternium-42: Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene (dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride] Polyquaternium-43: Copolymer of acrylamide, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 2-amidopropylacrylamide sulfonate and dimethylaminopropylamine Polyquaternium-44: 3-Methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer Polyquaternium-45: Copolymer of (N-methyl-N-ethoxyglycine)methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate Polyquaternium-46: Terpolymer of vinylcaprolactam, vinylpyrrolidone, and quaternized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-47: Terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate

Polymer JR; Quaternium-19; 2-(2-Hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propoxy) ethyl cellulose, chloride; Cellulose, omega-ether with ethoxylated 2-hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonio)propanol, chloride; Hydroxyethylcellulose ethoxylate, quaternized; cas no: 68610-92-4

POLYQUATERNIUM-11, N° CAS : 53633-54-8. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : POLYQUATERNIUM-11. Classification : Ammonium quaternaire, Polymère de synthèse. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles. Polyquaternium is the International Nomenclature for Cosmetic Ingredients designation for several polycationic polymers that are used in the personal care industry. Polyquaternium is a neologism used to emphasize the presence of quaternary ammonium centers in the polymer. INCI has approved at least 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation. Different polymers are distinguished by the numerical value that follows the word "polyquaternium". Polyquaternium-5, polyquaternium-7, and polyquaternium-47 are three examples, each a chemically different type of polymer. The numbers are assigned in the order in which they are registered rather than because of their chemical structure. Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, personal lubricant, and contact lens solutions. Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat. Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin. Some have antimicrobial properties. List of Polyquaterniums: Polyquaternium Chemical Identity Polyquaternium-1: Ethanol, 2,2′,2″ -nitrilotris-, polymer with 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine Polyquaternium-2: Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea] Polyquaternium-4: Hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl diallylammonium chloride copolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-hydroxyethyl cellulose copolymer Polyquaternium-5: Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate Polyquaternium-6: Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-7: Copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride Polyquaternium-8 : Copolymer of methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with dimethylsulphate[2] Polyquaternium-9 : Homopolymer of N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with bromomethane Polyquaternium-10: Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose Polyquaternium-11: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate Polyquaternium-12: Ethyl methacrylate / abietyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-13: Ethyl methacrylate / oleyl methacrylate / diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate Polyquaternium-14: Trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate homopolymer Polyquaternium-15: Acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride copolymer Polyquaternium-16: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-17: Adipic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer Polyquaternium-18: Azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer Polyquaternium-19: Copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-20 : Copolymer of polyvinyl octadecyl ether and 2,3-epoxypropylamine Polyquaternium-22: Copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polyquaternium-24: Quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide. Polyquaternium-27: Block copolymer of Polyquaternium-2 and Polyquaternium-17 Polyquaternium-28: Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium Polyquaternium-29: Chitosan modified with propylen oxide and quaternized with epichlorhydrin Polyquaternium-30: Ethanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]-, inner salt, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate Polyquaternium-31: N,N- dimethylaminopropyl-N-acrylamidine quatemized with diethylsulfate bound to a block of polyacrylonitrile Polyquaternium-32: Poly(acrylamide 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-33: Copolymer of trimethylaminoethylacrylate salt and acrylamide Polyquaternium-34: Copolymer of 1,3-dibromopropane and N,N-diethyl-N′,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine Polyquaternium-35: Methosulphate of the copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium and of methacryloyloxyethyldimethylacetylammonium Polyquaternium-36: Copolymer of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and buthylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethylsulphate Polyquaternium-37: Poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride) Polyquaternium-39: Terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride Polyquaternium-42: Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene (dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride] Polyquaternium-43: Copolymer of acrylamide, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 2-amidopropylacrylamide sulfonate and dimethylaminopropylamine Polyquaternium-44: 3-Methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer Polyquaternium-45: Copolymer of (N-methyl-N-ethoxyglycine)methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate Polyquaternium-46: Terpolymer of vinylcaprolactam, vinylpyrrolidone, and quaternized vinylimidazole Polyquaternium-47: Terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate

CAS Number: 53633-54-8
European Community (EC) Number: 611-022-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-
Name: pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulphate

DESCRIPTION:
Polyquaternium-11 is a conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.
Polyquaternium-11 is a cloudy, straw-colored liquid.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Polyquaternium-11 is primarily used in the formulation of hair care products with limited use in other product types.
Polyquaternium-11 is the polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate.
Polyquaternium-11 is in the chemical class known as quaternary ammonium compounds (generally referred to as a “Quat”).
These compounds are positively charged tetra-substituted nitrogen derivatives.

Polyquaternium-11 is available in two forms: approximately 50% Polyquaternium-11 dissolved in alcohol, and 19% dissolved in water with both forms referred to as “commercial Polyquaternium-11.”
Pure, or undiluted, Polyquaternium-11 is not available for use in cosmetics and personal care products.
Polyquaternium-11 is a polymer conditioner and is used mainly in hair care products due to their antistatic and film-forming properties.
There are almost 40 different polymers under the polyquaternium designation.
They are distinguished by the numerical value in the order in which they are registered.
Polyquaternium 11 is a cloud, straw-colored film former and anti-static agent widely used in hair care products.
Polyquaternium 11 also has anti-bacterial properties, although research did not confirm this assertion.
Polyquaternium 11 is available in two forms: 50% Polyquaternium-11 dissolved in alcohol, and 19% dissolved in water.
Pure Polyquaternium 11 is not available for use in cosmetics and beauty products.
The CIR approves Polyquaternium 11 for use below certain concentrations.



CAS Number: 53633-54-8
European Community (EC) Number: 611-022-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-
Name: pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulphate


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11:
Molecular Formula:C18H35N2O3+•C2H5O4S-•(C2H4)x•(C3H6)y
Appearance:Clear Colourless Solution
Molecular Weight: 327.48+(125.12)+x(28.06)+y(42.10)
Storage:Room Temperature
Solubility:Water
Category:Building Blocks; Miscellaneous
Solid content: 19-21%
PH value(10% in water): 5.0-7.0
Color(APHA) :≤120
Viscosity (cps): 20000-60000
Vinylpyrrolidone: ≤0.1%
Molecular Weight: 422.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass: 422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area: 111 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 402
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
PSA: 110.83000
XLogP3: 2.74250
Appearance: colorless to light yellow viscous liquid
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling Point: 70.6ºC
Flash Point: 70.6ºC
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.369


APPLICATIONS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
Polyquaternium 11 is found to suppress melanin elution in shampoo thus may prevent hair from dulling after repeated shampoo use.
Film-forming agent in personal care products
Textile fabrics
Not a dangerous good if item is equal to or less than 1g/ml and there is less than 100g/ml in the package
Packing and Storage:
Packed in 60 kg,125 kg plastic drum,and 1000kg IBC
Stored in a dry place at room temperature

Polyquaternium-11 provides shine,detangling and de-frizzing benefits to hair conditioners and shampoos by coating the hair in a clear film that adds visible and sensorial volume.

Polyquaternium-11 is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Polyquaternium-11 is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.
Polyquaternium-11 makes the hair easier to comb.
Particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.

Excellent for use with blow drying and straighteners where it can provide thermal protection for the hair.
Polyquaternium-11 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium-11 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.
Polyquaternium-11 is used in hair care like mousses, gels, pump sprays and spritzes.
Polyquaternium-11 acts as a conditioning agent and film-former.
Polyquaternium-11 offers characteristics such as substantivity, shine and control.

Polyquaternium-11 is used in hair care like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos, in skin care like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.
Polyquaternium-11 acts as a conditioner and styling auxiliary.
Polyquaternium-11 pocesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties. Offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel.
Polyquarternium-11 when used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel will enhance the foam levels.
Polyquaternium-11 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
Polyquaternium-11 is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.
Polyquaternium-11 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.


Characteristics:
• High viscous aqueous solution
• Miscible with water and ethanol
• Slightly characteristic odor

HOW TO USE POLYQUATERNIUM-11:
Polyquaternium-11 is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick.
Gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.
Polyquarternium-11 is readily dissolved in water and thus it is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.
When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Polyquaternium-11 before surfactants for ease of dispersal.
When formulating in hot process applications, add to the water phase and disperse.
Polyquatenrium-11 is resilient to heat.


CAS Number: 53633-54-8
European Community (EC) Number: 611-022-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-
Name: pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulphate


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
FIRST AID MEASURES:
Eyes:
If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air.
Flush eyes gently with water while holding eyelids apart.
If symptoms persist or there is any visual difficulty, seek medical attention.

Skin :
First aid is not normally required.
However, it is recommended that exposed areas be cleaned by washing with soap and water.

Ingestion :
Seek medical attention.
If individual is drowsy or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth; place individual on the left side with the head down.
Contact a physician, medical facility, or poison control center for advice about whether to induce vomiting.
If possible, do not leave individual unattended.

Inhalation :
If symptoms develop, move individual away from exposure and into fresh air.
If symptoms persist, seek medical attention.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen.
Keep person warm and quiet; seek immediate medical attention.
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be excluded from area of spill until clean-up has been completed.

Environmental precaution:
Prevent spreading over a wide area (e.g. by containment or oil barriers).
Do not let product enter drains.
Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.
Methods for cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust).
Other information:
Comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

FIRE - FIGHTING MEASURES:
Suitable extinguishing media
Dry chemical, Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water spray

Precautions for fire-fighting :
Wear full firefighting turn-out gear (full Bunker gear), and respiratory protection (SCBA).
DO NOT direct a solid stream of water or foam into hot, burning pools of liquid since this may cause frothing and increase fire intensity.
Frothing can be violent and possibly endanger any firefighter standing too close to the burning liquid.

Use water spray to cool fire exposed containers and structures until fire is out if it can be done with minimal risk.
Avoid spreading burning material with water used for cooling purposes.
NFPA Flammable and Combustible Liquids Classification
Combustible Liquid Class IIIB

ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES:
Personal precautions:
Persons not wearing protective equipment should be excluded from area of spill until clean-up has been completed.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent spreading over a wide area (e.g. by containment or oil barriers).
Do not let product enter drains.
Do not flush into surface water or sanitary sewer system.

Methods for cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.
Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust).

Other information:
Comply with all applicable federal, state, and local regulations.

HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Containers of this material may be hazardous when emptied.
Since emptied containers retain product residues (vapor, liquid, and/or solid), all hazard precautions given in the data sheet must be observed.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area.

EXPOSURE CONTROLS AND PERSONAL PROTECTION:
Exposure Guidelines:
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.

General advice:
These recommendations provide general guidance for handling this product.
Personal protective equipment should be selected for individual applications and should consider factors which affect exposure potential, such as handling practices, chemical concentrations and ventilation.
It is ultimately the responsibility of the employer to follow regulatory guidelines established by local authorities.

Exposure controls:
Provide sufficient mechanical (general and/or local exhaust) ventilation to maintain exposure below exposure guidelines (if applicable) or below levels that cause known, suspected or apparent adverse effects.

Eye protection:
Not required under normal conditions of use.
Wear splash-proof safety goggles if material could be misted or splashed into eyes.

Skin and body protection:
Wear resistant gloves (consult your safety equipment supplier).
Wear normal work clothing including long pants, long-sleeved shirts and foot covering to prevent direct contact of the product with the skin.
Launder clothing before reuse.
If skin irritation develops, contact your facility health and safety professional or your local safety equipment supplier to determine the proper personal protective equipment for your use.

Respiratory protection:
A NIOSH-approved air-purifying respirator with an appropriate cartridge and/or filter may be permissible under certain circumstances where airborne concentrations are expected to exceed exposure limits (if applicable) or if overexposure has otherwise been determined.
Protection provided by air-purifying respirators is limited.
Use a positive pressure, air-supplied respirator if there is any potential for uncontrolled release, exposure levels are not known or any other circumstances where an air-purifying respirator may not provide adequate protection.

DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS:
Waste disposal methods
Dispose of in accordance with all applicable local, state and federal regulations.
REGULATORY INFORMATION:
POLYQUATERNIUM-11 is not classified as hazardous under the terms of EEC Directive 67/548/EEC, UN Regulations or the European ADR/RID Agreements.

SAFETY MEASURES/SIDE EFFECTS OF POLYQUATERNIUM 11:
The Cosmetics Database finds Polyquaternium 11 to be a low hazard ingredient, and only notes data gaps and bioaccumulation as concerns.
However, the potential inclusion of unreacted Vinylpyrrolidone, a somewhat suspected mutagenic (although studies have shown it to be non-mutagenic), but notes that the low levels of this toxin would not cause harm in cosmetics or beauty products.

CAS Number: 53633-54-8
European Community (EC) Number: 611-022-0
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-
Name: pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulphate


SYNONYMS OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11:
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone Polymer With 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-Methyl-2-propenoate Compound With Diethyl Sulfate
Sulfuric Acid Diethyl Ester Compound With 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-Methyl-2-propenoate Polymer With 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
Celquat 200
Copolymer 755
Dehyquart CC 11
Flocare C 111
Gafquat 440
Gafquat 734
Gafquat 755
Gafquat 755N
Gafquat 755N-P
Gafquat 755N-PP
Gafquat 755N-PW
HC 1NS
HC Polymer 1N
HC Polymer 1NS
HC Polymer 1S
HC Polymer 1S(M)
HC Polymer 2L
HC Polymer 3A
HC Polymer 5
Luviquat PQ 11
Luviquat PQ 11PN
N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone Copolymer Diethyl Sulfate Salt
PQ 11
PQ 11PN
Polyquat 11
Polyquaternium 11
Quaternium 23

Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
53633-54-8
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate
diethyl sulfate;2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one
UNII-0B44BS5IJS
Quaternium-23
0B44BS5IJS
SCHEMBL444003
CS-0453451
2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate compound with diethyl sulfate and 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (1:1:1)
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfateOTHER CA INDEX NAMES:2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl2-methyl-2-propenoate, compd. with diethyl sulfateSulfuric acid, diethyl ester, compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl2-meth
2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate
2-Propenol acid, 2-methyl-2-(dimethlamino) ethyl ester, polymer and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compound with diethyl sulfate
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, compound with diethyl sulfate
Poly[(2-ethyldimethylammonioethyl methacrylate ethyl sulfate)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)] average Mw <1,000,000 by GPC, 20 wt. % in H2O

Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour.



CAS Number: 53633-54-8
EC Number: 611-022-0
MDL Number: MFCD00284283
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate
Molecular Formula: C18H34N2O7S / (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H10O4S



2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulphate, diethyl sulfate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate, UNII-0B44BS5IJS, Quaternium-23, 0B44BS5IJS, SCHEMBL444003, CS-0453451, Dehyquart CC 11, Flocare C 111, Gafquat 440, Gafquat 734, Gafquat 755, Gafquat 755N, Gafquat 755N-P, Gafquat 755N-PP, Gafquat 755N-PW, HC 1NS, HC Polymer 1N, HC Polymer 1NS, HC Polymer 1S,
HC Polymer 1S(M), HC Polymer 2L, HC Polymer 3A, HC Polymer 5, Luviquat PQ 11, Luviquat PQ 11PN, PQ-22, HTH-4PQ-11, PQ 11 PN (1), poly quart 11, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, PolyquaterniuM 11 (PQ11), polyquaternium-11, PQ 11, PQ 11PN, Polyquat 11, Polyquaternium 11, Quaternium 23, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate compound with diethyl sulfate and 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (1:1:1), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl esterpolymer with1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate, 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl2-methyl-2-propenoate, compd. with diethyl sulfateSulfuric acid, diethyl ester, compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl2-meth, 2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate, 2-Propenol acid, 2-methyl-2-(dimethlamino) ethyl ester, polymer and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compound with diethyl sulfate, 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, compound with diethyl sulfate, Poly[(2-ethyldimethylammonioethyl methacrylate ethyl sulfate)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)] average Mw <1,000,000 by GPC, 20 wt. % in H2O, 2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate,
poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate),quaternizedsolution, yl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt, N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE/DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER, QUATERNIZED, POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE), QUATERNIZED, poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) diethyl sulfate, POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE/2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE), DIMETHYL SULFATE QUATERNARY, Polyquaternium-11, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester, polymer and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate Quaternium-23, Vinylpyrrolidonedimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymerdiethyl sulfate reaction product, 2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester,polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd. with diethyl sulfate, 2-Pyrrolidinone,1-ethenyl-,polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate,compd. with diethyl sulfate, Sulfuric acid,diethyl ester,compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone Polymer With 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-Methyl-2-propenoate Compound With Diethyl Sulfate, Sulfuric Acid Diethyl Ester Compound With 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-Methyl-2-propenoate Polymer With 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, Celquat 200, Copolymer 755, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone Copolymer Diethyl Sulfate Salt, Gafquat 734, Gafquat 755, Quaternium 23, Polyquaternium 11, Celquat 200, Polyquat 11, Luviquat PQ 11, Copolymer 755, HC Polymer 2L, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt, Gafquat 755N-P, Gafquat 440, HC Polymer 1N, HC Polymer 5, Luviquat PQ 11PN, PQ 11PN, Gafquat 755N-PP, HC 1NS, Gafquat 755N-PW, Gafquat 755N, HC Polymer 1S, HC Polymer 3, HC Polymer 1S(M), Dehyquart CC 11, Flocare C 111, HC Polymer 1NS, PQ 11, Viviprint 650, PDM Polymer, HC Polymer 1N(M), Polyquaternium D11, Luviquat PQ 11AT1, Gafquat 755N-O, HC Polymer GMR, 37348-62-2, 37348-63-3, 440634-64-0, 676999-73-8,
916899-67-7, 1254335-41-5, PQ-22, HTH-4PQ-11, PQ 11 PN (1), poly quart 11, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, PolyquaterniuM 11 (PQ11), Polyquaternary ammonium salt -11, 2-methylacrylic acid 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester, Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, MFCD00134019, yl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate, vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/ sulfate, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium D 11, Gafquat 755N, Polyquaternium 11, Uniquat 755N, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Ply(n-vinylpyrrolidone2 dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate)dimethylsulfate, Quaternized copolymer of VP/DMAEMA(PQ-11), PQ-22, HTH-4PQ-11, PQ 11 PN (1), poly quart 11, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, PolyquaterniuM 11 (PQ11), Polyquaternary ammonium salt -11, 2-methylacrylic acid 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester, Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate),Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, MFCD00134019, yl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate, vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/ sulfate, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium D 11, 2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester,polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd. with diethyl sulfate, 2-Pyrrolidinone,1-ethenyl-,polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate,compd. with diethyl sulfate, Sulfuric acid,diethyl ester,compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, Gafquat 734, Gafquat 755, Quaternium 23, Polyquaternium 11, Celquat 200, Polyquat 11, Luviquat PQ 11, Copolymer 755, HC Polymer 2L, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt, Gafquat 755N-P, Gafquat 440, HC Polymer 1N, HC Polymer 5, Luviquat PQ 11PN, PQ 11PN, Gafquat 755N-PP, HC 1NS, Gafquat 755N-PW, Gafquat 755N, HC Polymer 1S, HC Polymer 3A, HC Polymer 1S(M), Dehyquart CC 11, Flocare C 111, HC Polymer 1NS, PQ 11, Viviprint 650, PDM Polymer, HC Polymer 1N(M), Polyquaternium D11, Luviquat PQ 11AT1, Gafquat 755N-O, HC Polymer GMR, 37348-62-2, 37348-63-3, 440634-64-0, 676999-73-8, 916899-67-7, 1254335-41-5, diethyl sulfate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one,



Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternary ammonium compound that provides mild conditioning when rinsing and styling hair, protecting the hair by forming a flexible film on the surface of the hair.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a conditioning and anti-static agent.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternary copolymer, used for hair styling products, and as a skin and hair conditioner.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11), with the chemical formula (C10H24N2O)n and CAS registry number 53633-54-8, is a compound known for its applications in the personal care industry.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a conditioning and anti-static agent.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) offers protective & wet combability improving properties and substantivity.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternary copolymer, used for hair styling products, and as a skin and hair conditioner.


Especially recommended of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) for use in hair styling products such as Hair Mousses & lotions
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a hazy highly viscous liquid.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form a clear, uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film is basically not sticky.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has cationic properties.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a setting polymer and conditioning agent.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) possesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) acts as a setting polymer and conditioning agent.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a substantive cationic copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and quaternized vinylimidazole (QVI).
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides shine, detangling and de-frizzing benefits to hair conditioners and shampoos by coating the hair in a clear film that adds visible and sensorial volume


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour. Supplied as 20% active in water
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is readily dissolved in water and thus it is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.


When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) before surfactants for ease of dispersal.
When formulating in hot process applications, add to the water phase and disperse.
Especially recommended of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) for styling products, e.g. hair mousses and lotions.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11)’s high molecular weight and their specific composition provide a good setting effect.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a conditioner and styling auxiliary.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) finds application in formulating conditioners, shampoos, shower and bath products, and hair styling aids (perms, bleaches, and colorants).


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has a solids content of 19.0% min. - 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is resilient to heat.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is best known for its conditioning properties.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is compatible with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form clear, non-tacky, continuous films.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides conditioning and styling effects, with minimum build-up for hair substantively.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternized copolymer that can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has a solids content of 19.0% min. – 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) improves wet and dry combability, gloss, smoothness and manageability for hair.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) acts as a film forming and form fixing agent.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a unique cationic polymer with a very high film-forming power and excellent substantivity to hair and skin.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is ideally suited to improved both conditioning and hold in hair care products and to improve conditioning and skin-feel in skin care and cleansing products.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternized copolymer that can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has a solids content of 19.0% min. – 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11)’s high molecular weight and their specific composition provide a good setting effect.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is the polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is in the chemical class known as quaternary ammonium compounds (generally referred to as a "Quat").


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a high viscous aqueous solution, Miscible with water and ethanol, Slightly characteristic odor.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is found to suppress melanin elution in shampoo thus may prevent hair from dulling after repeated shampoo use.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed by reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of diethyl sulfate and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides shine,detangling and de-frizzing benefits to hair conditioners and shampoos by coating the hair in a clear film that adds visible and sensorial volume.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a cloud, straw-colored film former and anti-static agent.It acts as a conditioning agent and film-former,styling auxiliary.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form clear, non-tacky, continuous films.



USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) forms transparent, non-sticky and continuous membrane.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) acts as a conditioner and styling auxiliary. Possesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has a large molecular weight & its structural composition helps bring good styling results.
Its cationic nature has an affinity to hair, so Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) possesses a very fine conditioning and firm effects.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) makes the hair more easily to be combed, lustrous, neat, flattening and also easily forms hair pattern.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has thickening effect and is compatible with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has no irritation to eyes and skin, with exceedingly low accumulation character.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used in mousse, hair sprays, shampoos, hair conditioners and hair dyes.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used in hair care like mousses, gels, pump sprays and spritzes.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used in hair styling products such as mousse, lotion, conditioning rinse, hair treatment products, shampoo and shower products, skin care products like body lotion & shaving preparations.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used Shampoo, oil conditioner, hair styling, shaving foam, etc.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used in hair styling agents, hair conditioners and skin care applications.
Applications of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11): Conditioning, Shower/Bath Products, and Styling.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is commonly used as a conditioning agent in hair care products, providing benefits such as improved manageability, enhanced shine, and reduced static.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is compatible with a wide range of hair types and can be found in shampoos, conditioners, styling products, and hair sprays.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used in hair care like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos, in skin care like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) acts as a conditioning agent and film-former.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) offers characteristics such as substantivity, shine and control.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used in hair care like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos, in skin care like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) acts as a conditioner and styling auxiliary. Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) pocesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties.


Additionally, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has been found to have antimicrobial properties, making it useful in certain cosmetic formulations.
Overall, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a versatile ingredient that contributes to the performance and aesthetics of hair care products.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has a solids content of 19.0% min. - 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) when used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel will enhance the foam levels.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) works by forming a thin film on the hair, which helps to smooth the cuticle and reduce frizz.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used cationic styling polymer with good hold / stiffness, fair HHCR, good hair conditioning benefits.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) may want to use in combination with other stronger holding polymers for improved HHCR.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) makes the hair easier to comb.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.
Excellent for use with blow drying and straighteners where Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can provide thermal protection for the hair.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) which functions as a surfactant, conditioner, and cationic surfactant, claims to be self-emulsifying and effective in hair conditioning.


In the personal care market, focusing on beauty and care, especially hair care, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is suited for creams and rinse-off products, catering to applications like hair conditioner and hair treatment and repair.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used Conditioning, Shower/Bath Products, and Styling.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) acts as a setting polymer and conditioning agent.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a substantive cationic copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and quaternized vinylimidazole (QVI).
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) finds application in formulating conditioners, shampoos, shower & bath products and hair styling aids (perms, bleaches & colorants).


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used Hair Care, Hair Cleansing, Hair Conditioning, Hair Styling, Hair Treatment, Skin Care
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is suitable for hair care products like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos and in skin care products like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used in conditioners, styling products, body lotions and shower/bath formulations.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used Film-forming agent in styling products.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used conditioning agent in conditioning shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.


Applications of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11): Hair care, Shampoo and Conditioner, Styling product, Bath and Body, Pet Care, Pet Care TSCA, and Pet Care DSL.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used Body Care, Face Care, Hair Care, Hair Cleansing, Hair Conditioning, Hair Styling, Hair Treatment, Hand & Nail Care, Shaving, Skin Care.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) makes the hair easier to comb.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate, acts as a fixative,film-forming and conditioning agent.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides excellent lubricity on wet hair and ease of combing and detangling on dry hair.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) forms clear, non-tacky, continuous films and helps build body to hair while leaving it manageable.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) improves skin feel, provides smoothness during application and skin conditioning.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is suggested for use in mousses, gels, styling sprays , novelty stylers, leave-in conditioning lotions, body care, color cosmetics, and facial care applications.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) makes the hair easier to comb.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is excellent for use with blow drying and straighteners where it can provide thermal protection for the hair.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) when used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel will enhance the foam levels.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form a transparent and homogeneous liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film does not show stickiness.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has cationic properties.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also be used with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used as a long-acting curl fluid, setting agent in shampoos and cleaning products.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used ilm-forming substance in hair styling products.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used as an additive to increase comfort in products such as moisturizers, body lotions and aftershaves.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used conditioning agent in conditioning shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides instant detangling while adding volume and body.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used film former in styling products, such as aerosol mousses, gels and glazes.
Spray on products (Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11)) for conditioning and blow-drying.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used additive for improved skin feel in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, deodorants and antiperspirants, liquid and bar soaps.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides thermal/mechanical protection in styling products.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) makes the hair easier to comb.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is readily dissolved in water and thus it is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.


When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) before surfactants for ease of dispersal.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is designed for styling mousses sprays, and conditioners, and can also be used for hair conditioning/styling resins for aerosol sprays, pump sprays, mousses, setting lotions, hair gels, glazes, lotions, and shampoos.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form a clear and uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film does not show stickiness.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has cationic properties.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used as an adjusting agent in long-acting curling fluid, shampoo and cleaning products.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used Film forming agent in hair styling products.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used as an additive to increase comfort in products such as moisturizer, body lotion and shaving lotion.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form a clear and uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film is basically not sticky.
Because of its cationic properties, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used as a hair care agent to improve the combing and flexibility of hair.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form a clear and uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film basically does not show stickiness.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has cationic characteristics.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also be used in combination with anions and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used as a conditioner in shampoo, hair cream, etc., to rapidly improve the flexibility of hair.
Because of its film-forming property, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also be used as a styling agent in hair gel and mousse to improve the brightness and combability of hair.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also be used in shaving cream, bath liquid, bath milk, antiperspirant and solid soap and other skin care products, greatly improving the comfort of skin when contacting with such products.
The addition of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can also improve the thermal stability and shear resistance of the product.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is widely used in personal care, home care, and industrial sectors.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used compatible with various surfactants and offers distinctive performance versatility.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used shampoos & conditioners, styling products, body washes, antiperspirants & deodorants, and household cleaning products.


Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is used Cationic styling polymer with good hold / stiffness, fair HHCR, good hair conditioning benefits. May want to use in combination with other stronger holding polymers for improved HHCR.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) also can be used to improve the skin feeling in skin care products.


When formulating in hot process applications, add Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) to the water phase and disperse.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is resilient to heat.


-Skin care uses of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be used in skincare products for improved skin feel.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.

When used in a foaming product such as a shower gel, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) will enhance the foam levels.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
When combined with carbomer, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) forms smooth and easily applied gels.

Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) also finds use in shaving creams


-Hair care uses of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form transparent, non-sticky and flexible continuous film; it has affinity to hair, provides conditioning and firm effect, and accumulates very little, which makes hair easier to comb, shiny, smooth and easy to make hairstyle.
When used in a shampoos, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) enhances the foam levels



HOW TO USE POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is readily dissolved in water and thus it is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.

When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) before surfactants for ease of dispersal.
When formulating in hot process applications, add to the water phase and disperse.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is resilient to heat.



FUNCTIONS OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
*Conditioning Polymer
*Hair Conditioner
*Setting Polymer
*Surfactant,
*Conditioner,
*Surfactant (Cationic)



FEATURES OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
*Conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.



GROUPS OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Product groups
*Conditioning Polymers
*Hair Conditioners
*Setting Polymers



ORIGIN OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is positively charged tetra-substituted nitrogen derivatives



HOW TO USE POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.



CHARACTER OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a cationic copolymer.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can form transparent, non-sticky and flexible continuous film.

Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) has an affinity for the hair, provides a softening and firming effect and accumulates very little, which makes it easier to comb the hair, making it shiny, smooth and shiny.

Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be compatible with anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) does not irritate eyes and skin.



POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11), PRODUCTS TO USE IN:
*Hair Conditioner
*Shampoo
*Hair Styling Products
*Aftershave Balms
*Creams and Lotions
*Gels, especially those based upon Carbomer



KEY FEATURES OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
*Skin and Hair Care:
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is commonly utilized in cosmetic products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair styling products.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) helps improve manageability, shine, and overall aesthetic appeal.

*Pharmaceuticals:
As a pharmaceutical grade ingredient, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) finds use in various medical formulations including creams, gels, and ointments.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) aids in drug delivery, stability, and enhances the overall efficacy of the product.

*Personal Care:
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) offers exceptional benefits when incorporated into personal care items such as body washes, soaps, and lotions.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) provides a luxurious feel, improves texture, and enhances the overall sensory experience.

*Textiles:
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is also employed in the textile industry for fabric softeners, conditioners, and anti-static finishes.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) imparts a soft touch, reduces static cling, and helps maintain fabric appearance even after multiple washes.

*Household Products:
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) can be found in a variety of household items including fabric care products, air fresheners, and cleaning solutions.
Its versatile nature allows Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) to provide excellent product performance and consumer satisfaction.



ORIGIN OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.



WHAT DOES POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Film forming
*Foaming



SAFETY PROFILE OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is generally considered to be safe for topical use.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is mild, non-irritant and non-sensitizing to the skin, hence used in a wide range of cosmetic products.



ALTERNATIVES OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
*HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM HONEY,
*POLYQUATERNIUM6,
*POLYQUATERNIUM7,
*POLYQUATERNIUM10,
*HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE



POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11) - HIGH QUALITY PHARMACEUTICAL GRADE INGREDIENT FOR DIVERSE INDUSTRIES:
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ-11) is a versatile material with usage across a multitude of industries owing to its unique properties.
This pharmaceutical grade product, Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11), echoes superior performance and safety standards, ensuring a top-quality experience for the end users.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid, with a mild characteristic odor.

This visual and olfactory description is an exact manifestation of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11)'s high-quality construction.
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11)'s impressively compatible with a variety of surfactants, including nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric variants, enhancing its application range within the formulation of multiple products.

Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is an internationally appreciated product being widely distributed across regions including North America, Central/South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Australasia, Asia, Middle East, and Africa.
This is due to its reliable performance and superior quality standards.

One core feature of Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11) is its pharmaceutical grade quality.
This signals stringent quality control measures, ensuring that your operations are graced with only the best product in its category.
With Polyquaternium-11 (PQ 11), you can expect exceptional performance in a diverse range of applications.



FUNCTION OF POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, and contact lens solutions.
Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: 70.6ºC
Flash Point: 70.6ºC
Molecular Formula: (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H
Molecular Weight: 422.537
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Molecular Weight：805.06
Exact Mass422.208679
EC Number：611-022-0
DSSTox ID：DTXSID0041303
HScode：29239000
PSA：110.83000
XLogP3：2.74250
Appearance：colorless to light yellow viscous liquid
Density：1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling Point：70.6ºC

Flash Point：70.6ºC
Refractive Index：n20/D 1.369
Molecular Weight:422.5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:8
Rotatable Bond Count:10
Exact Mass:422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass:422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area:111
Heavy Atom Count:28
Complexity:402
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:3
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling Point: 70.6ºC
Molecular Formula: (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H10O4S
Molecular Weight: 422.537
Flash Point: 70.6ºC

Exact Mass: 422.208679
PSA: 110.83000
LogP: 2.74250
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.369
Molecular Weight : 422.5
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish transparent liquid
Viscosity(25°2%C/mpa.s): 20000-60000
Solid content(%): 20.0±1.0
Residual monomer: ≤0.1
Ph: 5~7
Heavy Metal: ≤0.002
ASH(%): ≤0.1
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling Point: 70.6ºC
Molecular Formula: (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H10O4S
Molecular Weight: 422.537
Flash Point: 70.6ºC

Exact Mass: 422.208679
PSA: 110.83000
LogP: 2.74250
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.369
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 187.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.644000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 159.00 °F. TCC ( 70.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.500 (est)
Soluble in: water, 61.44 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Appearance: Clear viscous liquid
Vapor Pressure: Not determined
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
Vapor Density: Not determined
Odor Threshold: No data available

Specific Gravity: No Data
pH: 5.0-7.0 Water Solubility: Soluble
Melting Point / freezing point: -7°C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not Available
Boiling Point: No Data
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not Available
Flash Point (COC): No Data
Decomposition Temperature: Not Available
Evaporation Rate: Not Applicable
Viscosity (cP): 20,000 ~ 60,000cps (25°C)
Flammability (solid, gas): Not Applicable
Explosion Properties: None
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not Applicable
Oxidizing Properties: None
Molecular Weight: 422.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Coun: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8

Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass: 422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area: 111 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 402
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight: 422.5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass: 422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area: 111
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Complexity: 402
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25°C
pH: 5.0-7.0 (10% solution)

CBNumber:CB8262152
Molecular Formula:C42H72N6O9X2
Molecular Weight:805.06
MDL Number:MFCD00284283
MOL File:53633-54-8.mol
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.369
solubility: soluble in Water
form: Clear Colourless Solution
LogP: 1.500 (est)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 0B44BS5IJS
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate
N-vinylpyrrolidone polymer compd. with diethyl sulfate (53633-54-8)
Cosmetics Info: Polyquaternium-11



FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
-Description of First Aid Measures:
*Eye Contact:
Wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water or normal saline.
Get medical attention immediately.
*Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash with soap or mild detergent and large amounts of water.
Get medical attention, if needed
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
-Environmental Precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and Material for Containment and Cleaning Up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
-Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, alcohol resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
-Exposure Controls:
--Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use chemical goggles or face shield.
*Hand Protection:
Use chemical resistant gloves.
*Body Protection:
Wear appropriate chemical resistant clothing.
*Other:
An eye wash facility should be available in the work area.
Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.
--Environmental Exposure Controls:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
-Precautions for Safe Handling:
Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
-Conditions for Safe Storage, Including any Incompatibilities:
Keep container in a cool, well-ventiatled place.
-Specific end use(s):
Active ingredient in cosmetic and personal care applications.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYQUATERNIUM-11 (PQ 11):
-Reactivity:
Not reactive under normal conditions of use.
-Chemical Stability:
Stable at normal temperatures and pressure.
-Possibility of Hazardous Reactions:
Possible hazardous reactions at normal temperatures and pressure are not reported.