Polyethylenimine (PEI) is highly branched liquid water soluble polyamine with high cationic charge density.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a high-charge cationic polymer that readily binds highly anionic substrates.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a clear viscous liquid.
CAS Number: 9002-98-6
MDL number: MFCD00084427
Linear Formula: H(NHCH2CH2)nNH2
Chemical formula: (C2H5N)n, linear form
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Polyethylenimine (PEI), an organic polyamine polymer, is one of the most prominent examples of cationic polymers capable of gene transfection in vitro and in vivo into various cell lines and tissues.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) was also applied in different fields from gene therapy and several studies have emphasized the importance of this polymer in medicinal chemistry.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a clear viscous liquid.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyaziridine is a polymer with repeating units composed of the amine group and two carbon aliphatic CH2CH2 spacers.
Linear polyethyleneimines contain all secondary amines, in contrast to branched PEIs which contain primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has a branched cationic structure with high charge density that enables improved adhesion of dissimilar materials.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is branched spherical polymeric amines.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is highly branched liquid water soluble polyamine with high cationic charge density.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) contains primary, secondary, and tertiary amine groups in approximately 25/50/25 ratio.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) branched is a organic macromolecule with high cationic-charge-density potential.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) can ensnare DNA as well as attach to cell membrane, PEI also retains a substantial buffering capacity at virtually any pH.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a high-charge cationic polymer that readily binds highly anionic substrates.
Industrially, Polyethylenimine (PEI) can improve the appearance of negatively charged dyes by modulating their properties and improving their adherence to surfaces.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is available in water-free and waterborne grades of various molecular weights.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has the largest possible amino group density of all commercially available polyamines, with a nitrogen-to-carbon ratio of 1:2.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) thus has a high cationic charge density that is strongly dependent on pH, being highest at pH 2–4.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is generally compatible with non-ionic and cationic systems and incompatible with anionic systems.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is soluble in water as well as both polar and aprotic nonpolar solvents.
The high charge density of Polyethylenimine (PEI) forms strong bonds on negatively charged surfaces, including cellulose, polyester, polyolefins, polyamides, and metals.
In research, Polyethylenimine (PEI) readily binds to DNA and other negatively charged biological molecules, making it the most efficient vector carriers available.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is soluble in: hot water, cold water at low pH, methanol and ethanol
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is insoluble in: benzene, ethyl ether and acetone
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a high-charge cationic polymer that readily binds highly anionic substrates.
Industrially, linear Polyethylenimine (PEI) can improve the appearance of negatively charged dyes by modulating their properties and improving their adherence to surfaces.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has a branched cationic structure with high charge density that enables improved adhesion of dissimilar materials.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) can be used as a formulation additive or primer coat for: adhesion promotion, pigment stabilization, and increased particle cohesion.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is obtained from the polymerization of ethylenimine, this line of polymers is available in a wide range of molecular weights (from 800 -106 g/mol).
Polyethylenimine (PEI) products are water soluble and also exhibit good solubility in polar solvents with the added benefit of having a strong eco-toxicological profile including several food contact compliances.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is branched spherical polymeric amines.
In research, Polyethylenimine (PEI) readily binds to DNA and other negatively charged biological molecules, making it the most efficient vector carriers available.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) polymers are suitable solutions for a wide range of adhesive applications.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) (molecular weight 40,000) is a highly charged cationic polymer that readily binds to DNA or other negatively charged biomacromolecules, making it a common and effective cell transfection reagent.
In principle, Polyethylenimine (PEI) condenses DNA plasmid into positively charged complexes.
The complexes can adhere to negatively charged cell surface residues, and then enters the cell through endocytosis.
As a transient transfection reagent, Polyethylenimine (PEI) has the advantages of high efficiency, low cost and relative stability, etc., which has been validated for a wide range of common cell lines including HEK-293, HEK293T, CHO-K1, HepG2 and Hela cell transfection.
In HEK293 and CHO cell expression systems, Polyethylenimine (PEI) provides excellent transfection results at different sizes (from 96-well plates to 100 L bioreactors).
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is widely utilized in Industrial settings, numerous Research fields, and a plethora of other distinctive applications.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is one of the polyethyleneimines which may be used according to the patent in suit as the "primary and/or secondary amine compound having an Odor Intensity index of less than that of a 1% solution of methylanthranilate in dipropylene glycol".
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a powder, or liquid
Polyethylenimine (PEI) belongs to the categories of Polymers; Amine-Functional Polymers; Hydrophilic Polymers; Polymer Science.
Polyethylenimine (PEI)'s cas registry number is 9002-98-6.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is also called Aziridine, homopolymer ; Ethylenimine, polymers (8CI) ; Polyethylenimine (10,000) ; Polyethylenimine (20,000) ; Polyethylenimine (35,000) .
Polyethylenimine (PEI), also known as CAS Number: 9002-98-6, is a multi-functional linear polymer with an average molecular weight of 5,000 and a minimum Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 1.3.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a high-performing polymer identified primarily by CAS Number 9002-98-6.
Polyethylenimine (PEI)'s a linear compound noted for its remarkable attributes and versatile applications across myriad industrial, research, and other sectors.
With a linear average molecular weight of 5,000 and a Polydispersity Index (PDI) exceeding 1.3, Polyethylenimine (PEI) stands out as an essential component in many processes.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyaziridine is a polymer with repeating unit composed of the amine group and two carbon aliphatic CH2CH2 spacer.
Linear Polyethylenimines (PEI) contain all secondary amines, in contrast to branched Polyethylenimine (PEI)s which contain primary, secondary and tertiary amino groups.
Totally branched, dendrimeric forms were also reported.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) magnetic particles are superparamagnetic beads covalently functionalized with PEI.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a kind of branched polymer with a high-density amine group.
The ratio of primary amine to secondary amine to tertiary amine is 1:2:1.
In each Polyethylenimine (PEI) molecule, one nitrogen atom in every two carbon atoms is protonated.
Due to the different pKa values of primary, secondary, and tertiary amino groups, Polyethylenimine (PEI) could capture protons under different pH conditions, which is called the "proton sponge" mechanism.
As a cationic polymer, Polyethylenimine (PEI) is also a widely used transfection reagent in molecular biology and a dispersant in nanotechnology.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) can form a positively charged complex with DNA, which binds to anionic cell surface residues and enters the cell via endocytosis. Polyethylenimine (PEI) is available with an organic matrix of a polystyrene polymer.
The Polyethylenimine (PEI) magnetic particles can capture negatively charged molecules, such as DNA and RNA, through charge-charge interaction.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer containing a large number of nitrogen atoms,which usually has a highly branched structure.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has good solubility,adsorption,and reducibility,and has important functions in many applications.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) in detail along with its key properties like mechanical, thermal, electrical, etc. and understand what makes it an ideal choice in high-end engineering applications.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a powerful, trusted, and cost-effective transient transfection reagent.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) improves in vitro and in vivo delivery of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids (DNA, siRNA, mRNA), and improve transfection efficiency.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a saturated organic heteromonocyclic parent, a member of aziridines and an azacycloalkane.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has a role as an alkylating agent.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a conjugate base of an aziridinium.
All polyethylene imine polymers are hydrophilic and may contain approx. 30% hydrated water.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a highly charged cationic polymer that easily binds negatively charged nucleic acid molecules, forms a complex, and allows the complex to enter the cell.
USES and APPLICATIONS of POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Polyethylenimine (PEI) acts as a protein precipitant used to purify proteins.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used as a chelating agent and as a scavenger for aldehydes and oxides.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is also used in detergents, paper industry, dyes, printing inks and in water treatment.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is widely used in many applications due to its polycationic character.
Unlike its linear equivalent, branched Polyethylenimine (PEI) contains primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.
Primarily utilized in industrial applications, high molecular weight Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been used as a flocculating agent, textile coating, adhesion promoter, enzyme carrier, and as a material for CO2 capture.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used as a polyelectrolyte multilayer on charged surfaces to provide a biocompatible coating on surfaces.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used detergents, adhesives, water treatment, printing inks, dyes, cosmetics, and paper industry, adhesion promoter, lamination primer, fixative agent, flocculant, cationic dispersant, stability enhancer, surface activator, chelating agent, scavenger for aldehydes and oxides.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used Pharmaceuticals, intermediates, APIs, custom synthesis, chemicals.
Applications of Polyethylenimine (PEI): Paints & Coatings — Building & Construction, Architectural Coatings, Building & Construction — Building Envelope & Roofing, Architectural Coatings, Industrial — Leather & Textiles, and Textile Manufacturing.
Due to their high charge density Polyethylenimine (PEI) adsorbs tightly on negatively charged surfaces.
This mode of action can be applied to a huge variety of materials, such as cellulose, polyesters, polyolefines, polyamides, and metals, and provides visible advantages to the user.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is the ideal adhesion promoter between different types of plastics or between plastics and polar substrates, such as polyolefine films and paper.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) improves dye acceptance, paintability, and barrier properties
In lamination inks, Polyethylenimine (PEI) acts as a tie-bond for the plastic film placed over the substrate.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) can be used as a non-viral synthetic polymer carrier for in vivo delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids.
The interaction between the negatively charged nucleic acid and the positively charged polymer backbone leads to the formation of nanoscale complexes.
This neutralising complex protects the enclosed nucleic acid from enzymes and maintains Polyethylenimine (PEI)'s stability until cellular uptake occurs.
For example, human serum albumin-coupled PEI shows good pDNA transfection and low toxicity.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) can be used to functionalize single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs) to improve their solubility and biocompatibility while maintaining the structural integrity of the original SWNT.
Covalently functionalized SWNTs can be used for CO2 uptake and gene delivery.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) can also be used to modify the surface properties of adsorbents.
Polyethylenimine (PEI)-modified aqueous zirconia/PAN nanofibres have a high fluoride adsorption capacity and a wide working pH range, and can therefore be used for groundwater defluoridation.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is produced on industrial scale and finds many applications usually derived from its polycationic character.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used as a polyelectrolyte multilayer on charged surfaces to provide a biocompatible coating on surfaces.
Totally branched, dendrimeric forms were also reported.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used Adhesion Promoter; Compatibilizer; Plastic Adhesion; Impart Paintability; Barrier Coating; Tie-Bond; Lamination Adhesives
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is multifunctional, cationic, branched polyethyleneimines (PEI).
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used as adhesion promoters, primers, compatibilizers, and flocculants for multiple applications and substrates.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) may be used as an adhesion promoter for printing inks used on plastic films.
For inkjet inks, Polyethylenimine (PEI) increases resolution and water fastness on paper.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) may also be used as a primer to increase the surface energy of a variety of plastic films and metal foils, making them more receptive to applying adhesives to form multilayer flexible packaging.
For applications where Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used as an adhesion promoter, an appropriate grade to select is one having a similar molecular weight to the other polymers in the system.
In coating applications, Polyethylenimine (PEI) can impart tie-layer and paint adhesion.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is produced on an industrial scale and finds many applications usually derived from its polycationic character.
Polyethyleneimine finds many applications in products like: detergents, adhesives, water treatment agents and cosmetics.
Owing to its ability to modify the surface of cellulose fibres, Polyethylenimine (PEI) is employed as a wet-strength agent in the paper-making process.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is also used as flocculating agent with silica sols and as a chelating agent with the ability to complex metal ions such as zinc and zirconium.
Biology uses of Polyethylenimine (PEI): Polyethylenimine (PEI) has a number of uses in laboratory biology, especially tissue culture.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is widely used as transfection reagent.
Coatings and Adhesives: Polyethylenimine (PEI) contributes significantly to the formulation of coatings and adhesives, lending them exceptional bonding properties.
Wet adhesion of paints may be improved by blending a small concentration of Polyethylenimine (PEI)into the formula.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is particularly useful as a primer in UV curing systems to improve adhesion where volume shrinkage occurs.
Lower molecular weight Polyethylenimine (PEI) grades are useful as cross-linkers for coating and adhesive formulations, where they increase cohesive strength while maintaining the same level of adhesion.
The high positive charge density mentioned also allows high molecular weight grades of Polyethylenimine (PEI) to flocculate highly charged, anionic particles such as proteins, zeolites, and silicates.
This property makes Polyethylenimine (PEI) useful in water treatment and protein immobilization applications.
Textiles: The textile industry utilizes Polyethylenimine (PEI) in their finishing processes to enhance fabric properties such as water resistance and color fastness.
Paper Manufacturing: Polyethylenimine (PEI)’s function as a wet-strength agent enhances the durability and strength of paper products.
Oil and Gas: Polyethylenimine (PEI) is integral to the oil and gas industry as it improves the flow properties of petroleum products.
Gene Delivery: Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a preferred transfection agent for gene delivery, facilitating efficient genetic material transfer into cells.
Nanoparticle Synthesis: Polyethylenimine (PEI) aids in the controlled synthesis of nanoparticles, acting as a stabilizing agent.
Surface Modification: Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used for surface modifications, enhancing adhesion and improving surface properties.
Biomedical Engineering: In biomedical engineering, Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used in tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery systems, and diagnostic assays.
Water Treatment: Polyethylenimine (PEI) proves beneficial in removing heavy metals and organic contaminants in water treatment processes.
Photography: In the field of photography, Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used as a wetting agent and as a constituent in developer solutions.
Personal Care: Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a popular addition in personal care products for its moisturizing and detangling properties.
Characterized by a combination of outstanding thermal, mechanical and electrical properties, Polyethylenimine (PEI) has made its place in high performance applications like automotive, aerospace, industrial and many more.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used Capturing negatively charged molecules, Transfection reagent and dispersant, and DNA and protein concentration.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a powerful, trusted, and cost-effective reagent widely considered as a current gold standard for both in vitro and in vivo transfection.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has a high density of protonatable amino groups, with amino nitrogen as every third atom.
This imparts a high buffering ability at nearly any pH.
Hence, once inside the endosome, Polyethylenimine (PEI) disrupts the vacuole and releases the genetic material into the cytoplasm.
Stable complexation with DNA, efficient entry into the cell, and ability to escape the endosome makes Polyethylenimine (PEI) a highly efficient transfection reagent which is compatible for a wide range of cell lines/types including the most commonly used HEK293 and CHO cells grown in adherent and suspension cultures.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has multiple industrial, medical, biological and research applications.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a difficult compound to analyze by HPLC.
The problem has many degrees of difficulty.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is not a single compound, but a mixture of different molecules with different lengths and branching structures.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) has multiple charges in acidic and neutral pH, which is most common in HPLC PEI molecules have no UV chromophores and can not be measured by UV-Vis detector, the most common detector in analytical laboratories.
Instead, this analysis requires MS, CAD, ELSD with their own limitations of the mobile phase composition.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) irreversibly binds to silica-based columns, limiting the type of adsorbents that can be used for analysis.
If composition of Polyethylenimine (PEI) with proteins or peptides needs to be analyzed then the peptide/protein signal can interfere with PEI peak SIELC developed a new methodology and a corresponding HPLC column to address these difficulties and offer a simple and reliable method for PEI quantitation in any liquid samples.
The method is based on forming a complex of Polyethylenimine (PEI) with Cu (II) which has strong UV and visible light adsorption maximums.
This complex can be measured by UV-Vis detector and can be separated from Cu (II) signal and other Cu complexes using specially designed Polyethylenimine (PEI) specific HPLC column.
-Attachment promoteruses of Polyethylenimine (PEI):
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is used in the cell culture of weakly anchoring cells to increase attachment.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic polymer; the negatively charged outer surfaces of cells are attracted to dishes coated in PEI, facilitating stronger attachments between the cells and the plate.
-Transfection reagent uses of Polyethylenimine (PEI):
Poly(ethylenimine) was the second polymeric transfection agent discovered, after poly-L-lysine.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) condenses DNA into positively charged particles, which bind to anionic cell surface residues and are brought into the cell via endocytosis.
Once inside the cell, protonation of the amines results in an influx of counter-ions and a lowering of the osmotic potential.
Osmotic swelling results and bursts the vesicle releasing the polymer-DNA complex (polyplex) into the cytoplasm.
If the polyplex unpacks then the DNA is free to diffuse to the nucleus.
Permeabilization of gram negative bacteria Polyethylenimine (PEI) is also an effective permeabilizer of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.
LOW WORK FUNCTION MODIFIER FOR ELECTRONICS, POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Polyethylenimine (PEI) and poly(ethylenimine) ethoxylated (PEIE) have been shown as effective low-work function modifiers for organic electronics by Zhou and Kippelen et al.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) could universally reduce the work function of metals, metal oxides, conducting polymers and graphene, and so on.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is very important that low-work function solution-processed conducting polymer could be produced by the Polyethylenimine (PEI) or PEIE modification.
Based on this discovery, Polyethylenimine (PEI) has been widely used for organic solar cells, organic light-emitting diodes, organic field-effect transistors, perovskite solar cells, perovskite light-emitting diodes, quantum-dot solar cells and light-emitting diodes etc.
USE IN DELIVERY OF HIV-GENE THERAPIES, POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic polymer, has been widely studied and shown great promise as an efficient gene delivery vehicle.
Likewise, the HIV-1 Tat peptide, a cell-permeable peptide, has been successfully used for intracellular gene delivery.
FEATURES OF POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
*Superior Performance:
High transfection efficiency with low cytotoxicity.
*Flexible Workflow:
Easy to optimize and introduce into application protocols.
Scalable for well plates, flasks, and larger capacity bioreactors.
*Cost-Effective:
Economical compared to similar transfection products in the market.
PROPERTIES OF POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
The linear Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a semi-crystalline solid at room temperature while branched Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a fully amorphous polymer existing as a liquid at all molecular weights.
Linear Polyethylenimine (PEI) is soluble in hot water, at low pH, in methanol, ethanol, or chloroform.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is insoluble in cold water, benzene, ethyl ether, and acetone.
Linear Polyethylenimine (PEI) has a melting point of around 67 °C.
Both linear and branched Polyethylenimine (PEI) can be stored at room temperature.
Linear Polyethylenimine (PEI) is able to form cryogels upon freezing and subsequent thawing of its aqueous solutions.
FEATURES OF POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
*Improved Color Acceptance
SYNTHESIS OF POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Branched Polyethylenimine (PEI) can be synthesized by the ring opening polymerization of aziridine.
Depending on the reaction conditions different degree of branching can be achieved.
Linear Polyethylenimine (PEI) is available by post-modification of other polymers like poly(2-oxazolines) or N-substituted polyaziridines.
Linear Polyethylenimine (PEI) was synthesised by the hydrolysis of poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and sold as jetPEI.
The current generation in-vivo-jet Polyethylenimine (PEI) uses bespoke poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) polymers as precursors.
UNMATCHED QUALITIES OF POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
The versatility of Polyethylenimine (PEI) lies in its unique properties which include outstanding adhesion and bonding attributes.
It's these traits that have led to Polyethylenimine (PEI) being a choice compound in numerous areas of application.
PRODUCTION METHODS OF POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is produced by the homopolymerization of ethylenimine.
The reaction is catalyzed by acids, Lewis acids, or haloalkanes.
The polymerization is usually carried out at 90 – 110 ℃ in water or in a variety of organic solvents.
The average molecular mass of the Polyethylenimine (PEI) prepared as described above is 10 000 – 20 000.
Higher molecular mass polymers are prepared by addition of a difunctional alkylating agent, such as chloromethyloxirane or 1,2-dichloroethane.
Polyethylenimines (PEI) with a higher average molecular mass can also be provided by ultrafiltration of polymers with a broad mass distribution.
Likewise, polymers of lower molecular mass can be obtained by inclusion of a low molecular mass amine, such as 1,2- ethanediamine, during polymerization.
By using these techniques a range of molecular masses from 300 to 10 6 can be obtained.
Cross-linking during the polymerization of ethylenimine in organic solvents leads to solid Polyethylenimines (PEI).
Furthermore the polymerization process can be conducted on the surface of organic or inorganic materials, thus fixing the Polyethylenimines (PEI) to a support.
STRUCTURE AND CONFORMATION OF POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Polyethylenimine (PEI) exists as both a branched and linear structure.
Branched Polyethylenimine (PEI) (bPEI) is synthesized via acid-catalyzed polymerization of aziridine, whereas the linear structure (lPEI) is synthesized via ring opening polymerization of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline followed by hydrolysis.
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is nondegradable and the molecular weight of PEI affects the cytotoxicity and gene transfer activity.
Polyethylenimine (PEI) acts as a low toxicity and efficient gene vector.
CO2 CAPTURE, POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Both linear and branched Polyethylenimine (PEI) have been used for CO2 capture, frequently impregnated over porous materials.
First use of Polyethylenimine (PEI) polymer in CO2 capture was devoted to improve the CO2 removal in space craft applications, impregnated over a polymeric matrix.
After that, the support was changed to MCM-41, an hexagonal mesostructured silica, and large amounts of Polyethylenimine (PEI) were retained in the so-called "molecular basket".
MCM-41-PEI adsorbent materials led to higher CO2 adsorption capacities than bulk Polyethylenimine (PEI) or MCM-41 material individually considered.
The authors claim that, in this case, a synergic effect takes place due to the high Polyethylenimine (PEI) dispersion inside the pore structure of the material.
As a result of this improvement, further works were developed to study more in depth the behaviour of these materials.
Exhaustive works have been focused on the CO2 adsorption capacity as well as the CO2/O2 and CO2/N2 adsorption selectivity of several MCM-41-PEI materials with Polyethylenimine (PEI) polymers.
Also, Polyethylenimine (PEI) impregnation has been tested over different supports such as a glass fiber matrix and monoliths.
However, for an appropriate performance under real conditions in post-combustion capture (mild temperatures between 45-75 °C and the presence of moisture) it is necessary to use thermally and hydrothermally stable silica materials, such as SBA-15, which also presents an hexagonal mesostructure.
Moisture and real world conditions have also been tested when using Polyethylenimine (PEI)-impregnated materials to adsorb CO2 from the air.
A detailed comparison among Polyethylenimine (PEI) and other amino-containing molecules showed an excellent performance of PEI-containing samples with cycles.
Also, only a slight decrease was registered in their CO2 uptake when increasing the temperature from 25 to 100 °C, demonstrating a high contribution of chemisorption to the adsorption capacity of these solids.
For the same reason, the adsorption capacity under diluted CO2 was up to 90% of the value under pure CO2 and also, a high unwanted selectivity towards SO2 was observed.
Lately, many efforts have been made in order to improve Polyethylenimine (PEI) diffusion within the porous structure of the support used.
A better dispersion of Polyethylenimine (PEI) and a higher CO2 efficiency (CO2/NH molar ratio) were achieved by impregnating a template-occluded PE-MCM-41 material rather than perfect cylindrical pores of a calcined material, following a previously described route.
The combined use of organosilanes such as aminopropyl-trimethoxysilane, AP, and Polyethylenimine (PEI) has also been studied.
The first approach used a combination of them to impregnate porous supports, achieving faster CO2-adsorption kinetics and higher stability during reutilization cycles, but no higher efficiencies.
A novel method is the so-called "double-functionalization".
It is based on the impregnation of materials previously functionalized by grafting (covalent bonding of organosilanes).
Amino groups incorporated by both paths have shown synergic effects, achieving high CO2 uptakes up to 235 mg CO2/g (5.34 mmol CO2/g).
CO2 adsorption kinetics were also studied for these materials, showing similar adsorption rates as impregnated solids.
This is an interesting finding, taking into account the smaller pore volume available in double-functionalized materials.
Thus, it can be also concluded that their higher CO2 uptake and efficiency compared to impregnated solids can be ascribed to a synergic effect of the amino groups incorporated by two methods (grafting and impregnation) rather than to a faster adsorption kinetics.
PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
Chemical formula: (C2H5N)n, linear form
Molar mass: 43.04 (repeat unit), mass of polymer variable
Melting Point: 59-60°C
Boiling Point: 250 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: >230 °F
Molecular Formula: C2H5N
Molecular Weight: 43.06780
Density: 1.030 g/mL at 25 °C
Physical state: viscous
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: 54 - 59 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 250 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: > 110 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: > 200 °C
Decomposition temperature: > 250 °C
pH: 11 - DIN 19268
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 15.000 mPa.s at 50 °C
Water solubility soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,030 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Fòrmula: (C2H5N)x
No. CAS: 9002-98-6
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Colorless to light yellow
SMILES: NCCN(CCN)CCN(CCCNCN)CCN(CCNCCN)CCNCCN(CCN)CCN.[n]
Appearance (Form): Viscous Liquid
Refractive index: n20/D 1.5290
Boiling point: 250 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.030 g/mL at 25 °C
Impurities: ≤1% water
CBNumber: CB9162514
Molecular Formula:C2H5N
Molecular Weight:43.07
MDL Number:MFCD00803910
MOL File:9002-98-6.mol
Melting point: 59-60°C
Boiling point: 250 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.030 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 9 mmHg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.5290
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: DMSO (Sparingly)
form: Liquid
color: Pale yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.045 (20/4℃)
PH: pH(50g/l, 25℃) : 10～12
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H5N/c1-2-3-1/h3H,1-2H2
InChIKey: NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1NC1
LogP: -0.969 (est)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: POLYETHYLENIMINE
EWG's Food Scores: 1
EPA Substance Registry System: Aziridine, homopolymer (9002-98-6)
IUPAC Name: aziridine
Molecular Weight: 10,000
Molecular Formula: C2H5N
Canonical SMILES: C1CN1
InChI Key: NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Density: 1.029-1.038
EC Number: 205-793-9
Exact Mass: 43.04220
H-Bond Acceptor: 1
H-Bond Donor: 1
UN Number: 1185
Viscosity: 40,000 - 150,000 cps
Chemical formula: (C2H5N)n, linear form
Molar mass: 43.04 (repeat unit), mass of polymer variable
Density: 1.030 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling Point: 250 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: >230 ºF
Melting Point: 59-60 °C
Refractive index: n20D 1.5290
CAS No.: 9002-98-6
Molecular Formula: (C2H5N)x
InChIKeys: InChIKey=NOWKCMXCCJGMRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 43.069
Exact Mass: 43.04220
EC Number: 205-793-9
HScode: 39019090
Categories: Polymer
PSA: 21.94000
XLogP3: -0.4
Appearance: Pale yellow Liquid
Density: 1.05 g/cm3
Melting Point: 59-60°C
Boiling Point: 250 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: >230 °F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.5290
Water Solubility: soluble in water.
Storage Conditions: 2-8°C
Vapor Pressure: 9 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density: 1.48
Flammability characteristics: Class IB
Explosive limit: Explosive limits , vol% in air: 3.3-55
Odor: Pungent, ammonia-like odor
PH: Strongly alkaline
Name: Polyethyleneimine
EINECS: 205-793-9
CAS No.: 9002-98-6
Density: 1.030 g/mL at 25 °C
PSA: 21.94000
LogP: -0.08160
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Melting Point: 59-60°C
Formula: (C2H5N)x
Boiling Point: 250 °C(lit.)
Molecular Weight: 43.06780
Flash Point: >230 °F
Appearance: N/A
FIRST AID MEASURES of POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.
EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.
HANDLING and STORAGE of POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Handle under argon.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection. Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store under argon.
STABILITY and REACTIVITY of POLYETHYLENIMINE (PEI):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
