Petrolatum; Petrolatum Yollew vaseline; pennsolinesoftyellow; penrecowhite CAS NO:8009-03-8

Naphtha (petroleum),hydrotreated light; Hydrotreatedlight naphtha (petroleum); Hydrotreated light straight run (petroleum); Naphtha, petroleum, hydrotreated light; Hydrotreated light straight run (petroleum); CAS NO : 64742-49-0

cas no 108-95-2 Phenyl alcohol; Phenyl hydrate; Fenol; Fenolo; Carbolic acid; Phenylic acid; Hydroxybenzene; Monohydroxybenzene; Phenyl hydroxide;

SYNONYMS Petrolatum; Cosmoline; Mineral fat; Mineral grease (petrolatum); Mineral wax; Moroline, Paraffin jelly; Penreco white; Petroleum jelly; Saxoline; Soft paraffin; Vaseline; Vasoliment; White petrolatum; White petroleum jelly CAS NO:8009-03-8

SYNONYMS Petrolatum; Cosmoline; Mineral fat; Mineral grease (petrolatum); Mineral wax; Moroline, Paraffin jelly; Penreco white; Petroleum jelly; Saxoline; Soft paraffin; Vaseline; Vasoliment; White petrolatum; White petroleum jelly CAS NO:8009-03-8

Petroleum sulfonate has strong hydrophilicity and rust resistance as well as unique anti-scaling and descaling effects.
Petroleum sulfonate can be used as a surfactant for metal cutting emulsified oil, and as a rust preventive additive when producing anti-rust grease.
The main thing is that Petroleum sulfonate can be used as one of the main preparation materials for descaling and anti-scaling in boiler descaling and anti-scaling and other series of waterways.

CAS: 68608-26-4
EINECS: 271-781-5

Petroleum sulfonate was used in the colorimetric assay for determination of procaine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparations.

Petroleum sulfonate is obtained from sulfonation of base oil, neutralised by Sodium Hydroxide.
Petroleum sulfonate mainly works as a Surface Active Agent, Emulsification & Dispersion of Liquid's, Wetting & Dispersion of Liquid – Solid System, Inhibition of Rust & Corrosion, Dispersion & Wetting of Solids.

Petroleum sulfonate PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL INFORMATION
Formula: RSO3Na
Molecular mass: 500
Boiling point: >150°C
Relative density (water = 1): 1.08-1.12
Flash point: >160°C o.c.

Synonyms
SODIUM PETROLEUN SULFONATE
68608-26-4
SodiuM petrol
SODIUM PETROLEUM SULFONIC ACIDS
Sodium Petroleum sulphonate T702
SULPHONICACIDS,PETROLEUM,SODIUMSALTS
Petroleum sulfonic acids sodium salts
Sulfonic acids, petroleum, sodium salts

PETVINIL S 23 PETVINIL S 23 (PVC SUSPANSION) PVC Factory (Polyvinyl Chloride) Commissioning Date: 16.03.1986 Starting Capacity: 105.000 tons / year Present Capacity: 150.000 tons / year Products : PVC Suspension (S-23, S-27, S-39, S-65) Usage Areas: Production of packaging films, cable coverings, transparent cosmetics and oil bottles, various tubes and other bottles in agriculture and construction industry (irrigation pipes, sewage pipes, fittings), shoe soles, floor tiles, various building materials (doors, windows woodwork, shutter manufacturing), upholstery coverings and artificial leather manufacturing. S 23/59 Polyvinyl Chloride Product Trade Name: PETVİNİL S 23/59 Product Warranty Values Experiment Name Unit Value Method Viscosity Number (Cyclohexanone 25 ° C) cm3 / g 76-86 1A / 93 Free Alkali (NaOH) g / l 8-15 ASTM D-2022 K number (Cyclohexanone 25 ° C) ------ 56-59 1A / 93 Bulk Density g / cm3 0.56 - 0.62 4A / 91 Sieve Analysis 0.250 mm above% wt max 3 8A / 92, 8F / 92 Above 0.063 mm% wt min 90 8A / 92, 8F / 92 Volatile Matter% wt max 0.5 2A / 90 Impurity pcs / ft2 max 60 6A / 92 Product Shape: White powder Packaging: In 25 kg multi-layer klupak paper bags or 1000 kg Big-Bags Storage Conditions: It should be stored in closed and dry environments. Areas of Usage: Opaque or transparent rigid film and bottle, hard parts, opaque or transparent hard plates and profiles, pipe fittings. PETVINYL S23 / 59 PETVINIL S23 / 59 is a low molecular weight polyvinyl chloride type produced by suspension polymerization method. PETVINIL S23 / 59, in white powder form, has a narrow particle size distribution and allows the production of rigid and semi-rigid PVC materials. Scope of application: Extrusion: opaque or transparent rigid and semi-rigid films and sheets Injection molding: pipe fittings Calendering: opaque or transparent rigid and semi-rigid films and sheets Storage The product should be stored in a dry area that is not exposed to sunlight, at temperatures below 50 ° C. Storing under unsuitable conditions may cause color change and deterioration of physical properties. Polymer products face the risk of deterioration over time. For this reason, it is recommended to process the product within 6 months from the delivery date in order to preserve the product quality. Disposal and Recycling This product is not dangerous or toxic. It can be recycled. If not possible, it can be disposed of by incineration. TEST NAME UNIT VALUE METHOD Viscosity Number (Cyclohexanone 25 ° C) cm3 / g 121-134 TS EN ISO1628-2 K number (Cyclohexanone 25 ° C) - 69-72 TSE EN ISO1628-2 Bulk density g / cm3 0.44-0.53 TS 448 EN ISO60 GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION: > 0.250 mm > 0.063 mm % wt % wt Max.3 VOLATILE MATERIAL % wt Max.0.3 TS EN ISO1269 POLLUTION UNIT / 9 dm2 Max.60 TSE EN ISO1265 PRODUCT SHAPE WHITE POWDER PACKAGING SHAPE In 25 kg FFS (Form Fill Seal) white colored PE bags or 1300 kg big-bags. STORAGE CONDITIONS It should be stored in closed and dry environments. AREAS OF USE Cable sheath, shoe sole, flexible and semi-rigid profile and pipe, soft film, flexible sheet, toy. SAFETY DATA SHEET NO: UR.10-BF-TE001 S-PVC Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride What is it? S-PVC suspension polyvinyl chloride (s-PVC), which is produced in petrochemical facilities by taking oil-natural gas and salt combinations, is a type of polymer. Since PVC plastic is hard, necessary plasticizers are added to make it more flexible and softer in suspension polyvinyl chloride application. Since the cost of PVC plastic materials is low, suspension polyvinyl chloride also provides an economic advantage. Accordingly, the suspension polyvinyl chloride, which can be used for general and multiple purposes, is one of the most preferred products. PVC, which is the most widely used polymer type in the world, also increases the usage rate of suspension polyvinyl chloride product. Suspension polyvinyl chloride, one of the most valuable products of the chemical industry, can be used in many different areas from the construction industry to toy making and the building industry. Thanks to the advantages of its mechanical properties, it is possible to manufacture flexible products with suspension polyvinyl chloride, whose usage rate has increased. Suspension polyvinyl chloride, which is used in many sectors, has recently been used in the health sector. S-PVC Suspension Polyvinyl Chloride Used In Which Areas? Suspension polyvinyl chloride, also known as S - PVC, can be used in various fields as it contains many different properties and thus provides many advantages. Generally, the areas where suspension polyvinyl chloride is used are as follows: * Garden hose * Pipe fittings * Furniture edge band * Medicine - food packaging foils * Rigid film and sheets * Floor coverings * Facade coating * Doors * Window profiles * Waste water pipes * Cable channels PETVINIL S23 / 59 PETVINIL S23 / 59 is a low molecular weight polyvinyl chloride type produced by suspension polymerization method. PETVINIL S23 / 59, in white powder form, has a narrow particle size distribution and allows the production of rigid and semi-rigid PVC materials. Scope of application: Extrusion: opaque or transparent rigid and semi-rigid films and sheets Injection molding: pipe fittings Calendering: opaque or transparent rigid and semi-rigid films and sheets Storage The product must be stored in a dry area that is not exposed to sunlight, at temperatures below 50 ° C. Storing under unsuitable conditions may cause color change and deterioration of physical properties. Polymer products face the risk of deterioration over time. For this reason, it is recommended to process the product within 6 months from the delivery date in order to preserve the product quality. Disposal and Recycling This product is not dangerous or toxic. It can be recycled. If not possible, can be disposed of by incineration POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) In suspension and emulsion types; door, window profiles, paneling, pipe and fittings, garden hose, shoe sole, cable, film, canvas, artificial leather, gloves, floor linoleum, floor and wall coverings, dolls, balls and artificial fruits, etc. at the desired K values ​​for production. S-PVC, SUSPENSION POLYVINYLKLORIDE Shoes, pipes, profiles, cables, films etc. E-PVC, EMULSION POLYVINYLKLORIDE Canvas, artificial leather, toys, ball, floor and wall covering, label etc. Window Profiles Sewage Pipes Pressurized Clean Water Pipes Rigid Profiles Facade Cladding Cable Channels Usage Examples In agriculture and construction industry (in the production of irrigation pipes, waste water pipes, fittings) packaging film, cable coverings, transparent cosmetics and oil bottles, various tubes and other bottles, shoe soles, floor tiles, various building materials (door, window joinery, blinds) It is used in the production of floor coverings and artificial leather. We have emerged as the prominent organization, engaged in offering an optimum quality PVC Pipe Adhesive that is widely used for bonding PVC pipe and accessories. Our provided adhesive is processed using optimum quality chemical compounds and advanced technologies in accordance with set industry norms. In addition to this, this adhesive is duly tested by our skilled quality experts to eliminate any flaw. Features: • Precise chemical composition • High temperature resistance • Easy to applyDescription Product Name : PVC Solution Product Info : PVC Solution Use For Jointing Pipe Line Fast Setting . Make : Supreme Type : Liquid Foam Fast Setting JointSolvent Cement for Joining PVC Pipe Adhesives Formulation Applicable TypeSolvent borne AdhesivesApplicable Base PolymerPolyvinyl Chlorides (PVC)Applicable Industrial SectorsAutomotive,Buildings & constructions Applicable Base Polymer Properties Polyvinyl chloride is added to the solvent system to provide body to the adhesive and a compatible bondline with the substrates. The bonding process is mainly through the diffusion of the solvent into the substrates and the added PVC polymer acts mainly to increase viscosity to hold it in the glue area and to provide a degree of flexibility to the final bonded joint.PETVİNİL S 23/59 PETVINIL S23/59 Applications: Opaque or transparent rigid bottles, plates, film,profile and pipe fittings. Guaranteed values Viscosity Index (In Cyclohexanone At 25°C) K Value (In Cyclohexanone At 25°C) Bulk Density Retained on 0.250 mm sieve Retained on 0.063 mm sieve Volatiles Contamination Storage conditions: Note: This grade has certificate for production of material in contact with foodstuffs as received by Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs dated 21.02.2007 and no. 35-00214-00005-1. In 25 kgs Form Fill Sealed white colored PE bags , loose or palletized and shrinkwraped or in 1400 kgs big bags piece/ft2 Max.60 6A/92 Packing: Storage in closed and dry areas is recommended. % wt Max.3 8A/92, 8F/92 % wt Max.0.5 2A/90 % wt Min. 90 8A/92, 8F/92 g/cm3 0.56-0.62 4A/91 Sieve Analysis: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE cm3/g Product Overview PVC Suspension Resin is a polymer manufactured from vinyl chloride monomer. It is used extensively in building and construction, automotive, and medical industries. PVC Suspension Resin is produced at four Westlake Chemical facilities: Aberdeen, Mississippi; Calvert City, Kentucky; Geismar, Louisiana; and Plaquemine, Louisiana. With over 60 years of responsible production and handling experience, Westlake manufactures PVC Suspension Resin with environmental and public safety consideration. Westlake personnel are experienced in handling and shipping PVC Suspension Resin, and our engineers, scientists, and sales personnel can provide technical assistance to users. Production Westlake produces PVC Suspension Resin through the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. The monomer, water and suspending agents are fed into a polymerization reactor and are agitated at high speeds to form small droplets of vinyl chloride monomer. After an initiator is added, the vinyl chloride monomer droplets are then polymerized into PVC Suspension Resin under controlled pressures and temperatures. After polymizeration is complete, the resulting slurry is stripped of unreacted vinyl chloride monomer, the excess water is removed, and the resulting solid is dried to form the final product. The final PVC Suspension Resin contains less than 5 parts per million of residual vinyl chloride monomer. Uses Many properties of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) make it ideal for a variety of applications. It is biologically and chemically resistant; it is durable and ductile; and it can be made softer and flexible by the addition of plasticizers. With all downstream applications, appropriate registrations and/or approvals may be required. Possible uses for polyvinyl chloride are described below:  Pipes - Roughly half of North America’s polyvinyl chloride is used to produce pipes for municipal, construction, and industrial applications. It is particularly well suited for this purpose due to its light weight, high strength, low reactivity, and corrosion and bacterial resistance. Additionally, PVC pipes can be fused together in a variety of ways, including solvent cements, adhesives, and heat-fusion, creating permanent joints that are impervious to leakage. Globally, piping is the single largest use for PVC.  Residential and Commercial Siding - Rigid PVC is used to make vinyl siding. This material comes in a wide range of colors and finishes and is used as a substitute for wood or metal. It is waterproof, weather resistant, and low maintenance. It is also used in window sills and door frames, gutters and downspouts, and double glazing window frames.  Packaging - PVC is widely used as a protecting film in stretch and shrink wrapping, laminate films with polyethylene, rigid blister packaging, and food and film packaging. It can also be blow molded into bottles and containers. PVC acts as a microbial and water resistant barrier, protecting food, household cleaners, soaps and toiletries.  Wiring Insulations - PVC is used as the insulation and fire retardant on electrical wiring. The wires are coated with the resin and the chlorine acts as a free radical scavenger to insulate and reduce the spread of fire.  Medical - PVC is used to make blood and intravenous bags, kidney dialysis and blood transfusion equipment, cardiac catheters, endotracheal tubes, artificial heart valves, and other medical equipment.  Automotive - PVC is used to make body side moldings, windshield system components, interior upholstery, dashboards, arm rests, floor mats, wire coatings, abrasion coatings, adhesives, and sealants.  Consumer Goods - Both rigid and flexible PVC is used in a wide variety of finished consumer goods, including modern furniture design, air conditioners, refrigerators, phone systems, computers, power tools, electrical cords, garden hoses, clothing, toys, luggage, apparel, vacuums, and credit card stock sheet. PVC can be blended with other plastics to customize the product’s properties including color, hardness, abrasion resistance, etc. This method allows producers to determine the customized look and feel of the final product. Health Effects Read and follow all instructions on the product label and review the safety data sheet to understand and avoid the hazards associated with PVC Suspension Resin. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment and avoid direct contact. Eye exposure to dust may cause mechanical irritation; excessive concentrations of nuisance dust in the workplace may reduce visibility and may cause unpleasant deposits in eyes. Skin exposure to dust may cause mechanical irritation. Inhalation exposure to dust may cause irritation; processes such as cutting, grinding, crushing, or impact may result in generation of excessive amounts of airborne dusts in the workplace. Nuisance dust may affect the lungs but reactions are typically reversible. Prolonged and repeated inhalation of respirable dust (particles less than 10 microns in size) may cause damage to lungs. Exposure to PVC respirable dust has been reported to cause lung changes in animals and humans, including decreased respiratory capacity and inflammation. Westlake’s PVC Suspension Resin is manufactured by suspension polymerization and the particle size is generally large enough in diameter that it is not considered respirable. Before handling, it is important that engineering controls are operating and protective equipment requirements and personal hygiene measures are being followed. People working with this chemical should be properly trained regarding its hazards and its safe use and should be given the opportunity to review this document and the safety data sheet. Environmental Effects PVC Suspension Resin should be kept out of lakes, streams, ponds or other water sources. Based on the high molecular weight of this polymeric material, transport of this compound across biological membranes is unlikely. Accordingly, the probability of environmental toxicity or bioaccumulation in organisms is remote. Exposure Potential Precautions should be taken to minimize potential harm to people, animals, and the environment. Potential for exposure may vary depending upon site-specific conditions. When handling PVC Suspension Resin, always refer to the safety data sheet and product warning label and follow all instructions and warnings. Based on the expected uses for PVC Suspension Resin, exposure could be through:  Workplace exposure - Exposure can occur in either a PVC Suspension Resin manufacturing facility or in the various industrial facilities that use PVC Suspension Resin. Good industrial hygiene practices and the use of personal protective equipment will, when combined with proper training and environmental, health and safety practices, contribute to a safe work environment.  Environmental releases - In the event of a spill, contain the spill to prevent entry into waterways and sewers. Avoid the generation of dust. The spill area can be washed with water; however, the unusable material should be placed into a closed, properly labeled container compatible with the product. Industrial spills (releases to soil or water) should be controlled by workplace spill programs which include containment around loading and unloading operations and storage tanks and employee training. Many aspects of a spill control program are mandated by federal, state and local requirements. In addition, if a spill occurs, governmental reporting may be required. Refer to the safety data sheet for instructions to contain and clean up a spill to minimize exposure.  Consumer exposure - PVC Suspension Resin is not sold directly to consumers; however it is an ingredient in consumer products. In any case, keep all chemical products out of the reach of children. Westlake cannot and does not make any representation or conclusion about consumer exposure risks associated with its customers’ products. Physical and Chemical Properties PVC Suspension Resin is a solid white powder with no odor at standard temperatures and pressures. Exposure to temperatures of 300°F or greater for extended periods of time may cause thermal degradation of PVC Suspension Resin. Instantaneous temperatures above 420°F, prolonged heating at processing temperatures, or excessive shear/heat combinations during processing can generate hazardous decomposition products. Typical Properties of PVC Suspension Resins Resin Properties Typical Value or Range Inherent Viscosity (dl/g) 0.50 (+/-0.03) to 1.10 (+/- 0.03) Relative Viscosity 1.55 to 2.50 K Value 49 to 74 Bulk Density (grams/cm3 ) > 0.480 Specific Gravity 1.39 Moisture (%) < 0.35 Residual Vinyl Chloride Monomer (ppm) < 5.0 HunterLab Color ‘L’ > 94.0 ‘a’ < 2.0 ‘b’ < 3.5 Particle Size Distribution Percent Retained On 40 mesh < 0.1 60 mesh < 9 200 mesh < 35 Pan < 10

DESCRIPTION:

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) solvents provide adequate specifications with the most important parameters.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is our low-cost alternative to high-purity qualities.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) can be synthesized by reacting propylene oxide with methanol in the presence of ZnMgAl catalysts.



CAS NUMBER: 107-98-2

EC NUMBER: 203-539-1

MOLECULAR FORMULA: CH₃OCH₂CH(OH)CH₃

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 90.12 g/mol



DESCRIPTION:

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) appears as a colorless liquid.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol)'s flash point is near 89 °F.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) has less dense than water.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol)'s contact can irritates skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol)'s vapors are heavier than air.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is used as a solvent and as an antifreeze agent.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is a colourless liquid that is soluble in water and is highly flammable.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is a methoxy alcohol derivative and has a formula of C4H10O2.

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is produced by the reaction of 1,2-epoxy propane and methanol in the presence of a catalyst, and this is then followed by distillation.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) has a specific gravity of 0.924 and a flash point of 33° C and is therefore highly flammable so should be stored in a cool, dry and well-ventilated area that is free from sources of ignition.
For transport purposes, PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is classified as packing group III and hazard class 3 and is an irritant.

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is a glycol ether and biological indicator for exposure.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is a methoxy alcohol derivative.
The ether is being relatively unreactive.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.

They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is used as a reagent in the synthesis of 2-amino-3-carboxy-4-phenylthiophenes, which acts as a protein kinase C inhibitors.

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is also used as a reagent in the synthesis of metolachlor.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) acts as a good biological indicator.
Further, PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is used as a solvent and an antifreeze agent.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) acts as viscosity modifier because it reduces the viscosity of the system.

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is recommended for polyurethane and other proton sensitive system.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is a water-soluble solvent with unique properties making it ideal for use in a wide range of applications, including those that require a high degree of solvency, quick evaporation, and good surface tension reduction.

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is an effective product for use in the paints and coatings industry, as well as being a good solvent, it can promote good film surfaces by maintaining dissolved resins during the evaporation process.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) provides good solvency for a wide variety of resins including acrylic, epoxies, polyesters, nitrocellulose and polyurethanes.
For cleaners, they offer low toxicity, good coupling, wetting and penetration, and high solvency for polar and nonpolar materials.



USAGES:

PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is predominately used in the manufacture of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate and is also used in industrial and commercial products including paints, varnishes, inks, synthetic resin and rubber adhesives, and automotive and oven cleaners.
PGME (1-methoxy-2-propanol) is also used as a cleaning agent in the LCD and electronics industry.



PRODUCT INFORMATION:

-CAS number: 107-98-2
-EC index number: 603-064-00-3
-EC number: 203-539-1
-Hill Formula: C₄H₁₀O₂
-Chemical formula: CH₃OCH₂CH(OH)CH₃
-Molar Mass: 90.12 g/mol
-HS Code: 2909 49 80


PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Boiling point: 120 °C (1013 mbar)
-Density: 0.921 g/cm3 (25 °C)
-Explosion limit: 1.7 - 11.5 %(V)
-Flash point: 34 °C
-Ignition temperature: 287 °C
-Melting Point: -96 °C
-pH value: 4 - 7 (200 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
-Vapor pressure: 11.33 hPa (20 °C)




TECHNICAL INFORMATION:

-Physical State: Liquid
-Storage: Store at room temperature
-Boiling Point: 118-119° C
-Density: .922 g/mL at 25° C
-Refractive Index: n20/D 1.4030




SPECIFICATIONS:

-Purity (GC): ≥ 99.5 %
-2-Methoxypropan-1-ol (GC): ≤ 0.29 %
-Identity (IR): conforms
-Free acid (as C₂H₅COOH): ≤ 0.002 %
-Al (Aluminium): ≤ 20 ppb
-Ca (Calcium): ≤ 50 ppb
-Cu (Copper): ≤ 20 ppb
-Fe (Iron): ≤ 100 ppb
-K (Potassium): ≤ 50 ppb
-Na (Sodium): ≤ 1000 ppb
-Ni (Nickel): ≤ 20 ppb
-Zn (Zinc): ≤ 20 ppb
-Water: ≤ 0.1 %



PROPERTIES:

Molecular Weight: 90.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 28.7
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes




PROPERTIES:

-vapor density: 3.12 (vs air)
-Quality Level: 200
-vapor pressure: 10.9 mmHg ( 25 °C)
-Assay: ≥99.5%
-form: liquid
-autoignition temp.: 532 °F
-expl. lim.: 13.8 %
-impurities: ≤0.001% water
-refractive index: n20/D 1.403 (lit.)
-bp: 118-119 °C (lit.)
-mp: -97 °C
-solubility: water: miscible
-density: 0.916 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
-application(s): microbiology




TYPICAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting Point: -100°C
-Color: Colorless
-Density: 0.926 g/mL
-pH: 4 to 7
-Boiling Point: 119°C to 120°C
-Flash Point: 35°C (95°F)
-Odor: Alcohol-like
-Assay Percent Range: >99%
-Refractive Index: 1.403



STORAGE:

Store at +2°C to +25°C.



SYNONYM:

Propylene glycol methyl ether
Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether
107-98-2
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol
Methoxyisopropanol
PGME
2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-
Closol
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
Dowtherm 209
1-Methoxy-2-hydroxypropane
Propasol solvent M
Dowanol 33B
PROPYLENE GLYCOL METHYL ETHER
2-Methoxy-1-methylethanol
Methyl proxitol
2-Propanol, methoxy-
Propylene glycol 1-methyl ether
Ucar Solvent LM (Obs.)
NSC 2409
Dowanol-33B
HSDB 1016
1-methoxy-propan-2-ol
EINECS 203-539-1
UN3092
BRN 1731270
UNII-74Z7JO8V3U
.alpha.-Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
AI3-15573
74Z7JO8V3U
Propyleneglycol monomethyl ether
DTXSID8024284
NSC-2409
EC 203-539-1
3-01-00-02146 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID804284
CAS-107-98-2
propyleneglycol monomethylether
Glycol ether pm
Ucar solvent lm
Solvent PM
Gylcol Ether PM
Icinol PM
methoxy isopropanol
Methoxy-2-propanol
MFCD00004537
1-methoxypropanol-2
1-Metoxipropan-2-ol
1-Metoksy-2-propanol
PME (CHRIS Code)
3-methoxy-propan-2-ol
Propan-1-methoxy-2-ol
2-Propanol, 1-metoxi-
rac-1-methoxy-2-propanol
1- methoxypropan- 2- ol
1,2-PROPYLENE GLYCOL 1-MONOMETHYL ETHER
2-methoxy-1-methyl ethanol
Propan-2-ol, 1-methoxy-
propylene glycol monomethylether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, 98%
1-Methoxy-2-propanol (PGME)
Methoxypropanol, .alpha. isomer
(+/-)-1-methoxy-2-propanol
1 - methoxypropan - 2 - ol
CHEMBL3186306
METHOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI]
NSC2409
WLN: QY1 & 1O1
propylene glycol mono methyl ether
(+/-)2-methoxy-1-methylethanol
Propylene Glycol 1-Monomethyl Ether
Tox21_201803
Tox21_303269
LS-444
NA3092
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, >=99.5%
AKOS009158246
SB44649
SB44662
NCGC00249123-01
NCGC00256978-01
NCGC00259352-01
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME)
1-METHOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE [HSDB]
1-Methoxy-2-propanol, analytical standard
Propylene Glycol Methyl Ether Reagent Grade
FT-0608005
FT-0647598
FT-0654880
FT-0655258
M0126
EN300-73396
E72455
PROPYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER, ALPHA
1-Methoxy-2-propanol [UN3092] [Flammable liquid]
Q1884806
1-Methoxy-2-propanol [UN3092] [Flammable liquid]
Z825742124
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether; (UCAR TRIOL HG-170)
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether; (UCAR TRIOL HG-170)



IUPAC NAME:

1-METHOXY-2-PROPANOL
1-Methoxy-2-Propanol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
1-methoxy-2-Propanol
1-methoxy-2-propanol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
1-methoxy-2-propanol monopropylene glycol methyl ether
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
1-Methoxy-2-propanol
1-methoxy-2-propanol
1-Methoxy-propan-2-ol
1-methoxy-propan-2-ol
1-METHOXYPROPAN-2-OL
1-Methoxypropan-2-ol
1-methoxypropan-2-ol
1-methoxypropan-2-ol
1-Methoxypropanol-2
1-metoksi-2-propanol
1-metoksypropan-2-ol
1-méthoxy-2-propanol
2-propanol, 1-methoxy
2-Propanol, 1-methoxy-
Agent IA94
Dowanol PM
Dowanol PM - TE0036
Glycol Ether PM
Hydrocarbons, C9-C12, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics
methoxy propanol
methoxy-1-propanol-2
monopropylene glycol methyl ether
PM Solvent
propylene glycol methyl ether
Propylene glycol methyl ether
Propylene glycol methyl ether
Propylene glycol monomethyl ether
DOWANOL PM Glycol Ether
Glycol Ether PM
METHYLPROXITOL
MFG
SHP 401
SOLVENON PM

SYNONYMS 1-Phenyl-2-ethanol; Mellol; Alcohol Feniletilico; 2-Phenylethanol; Phenylethyl alcohol; 2-Phenylethanol; Benzeneethanol; Phenethyl alcohol; Phenyl ethyl alcohol; Phenylethyl alcohol; 1-Phenyl-2-ethanol; 2-Hydroxyethylbenzene; 2-PEA; 2-Phenethyl alcohol; Benzyl carbinol; Benzylcarbinol; Benzylmethanol; Phenethanol; beta-Fenethylalkohol; beta-Fenylethanol; beta-Hydroxyethylbenzene; beta-Phenylethanol; Cas : 60-12-8

Phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
Phenethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Phenethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.

CAS Number: 60-12-8
Molecular Formula: C8H10O
Molecular Weight: 122.16
EINECS Number: 200-456-2

2-PHENYLETHANOL, Phenethyl alcohol, Phenylethyl alcohol, 60-12-8, Benzeneethanol, Phenylethanol, Benzyl carbinol, Phenethanol, 2-Phenylethyl alcohol, 2-PHENYL-ETHANOL, beta-Phenylethanol, 2-Phenethyl alcohol, Benzylmethanol, 2-Phenylethan-1-Ol, Benzylcarbinol, Methanol, benzyl-, 2-Hydroxyethylbenzene, 1-Phenyl-2-ethanol, Ethanol, 2-phenyl-, FEMA No. 2858, 2-PEA, Benzenethanol, Phenethylalcohol, Phenyl ethyl alcohol, beta-PEA, beta-Phenylethyl alcohol, beta-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Caswell No. 655C, beta-Fenylethanol, FEMA Number 2858, 1321-27-3, beta-Fenethylalkohol, Phenethyl alcohol (natural), beta-Phenethyl alcohol, HSDB 5002, 2-Phenethanol, .beta.-Hydroxyethylbenzene, .beta.-Phenylethyl alcohol, Hydroxyethylbenzene, EINECS 200-456-2, UNII-ML9LGA7468, MFCD00002886, PhenethylAlcohol-d5, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 001503, NSC 406252, NSC-406252, BRN 1905732, .beta.-Phenylethanol, ML9LGA7468, .beta.-PEA, DTXSID9026342, CHEBI:49000, AI3-00744, (2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, .beta.-Phenethyl alcohol, Phenylethyl alcohol [USP], .beta.-(hydroxyethyl)benzene, DTXCID206342, EC 200-456-2, 4-06-00-03067 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC406252, NCGC00166215-02, Phenylethyl alcohol (USP), Ethanol, phenyl-, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (II), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [II], PHENETHYL ALCOHOL (MART.), PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [MART.], Phenyl Ethanol(Natural), 2 Phenylethanol, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], beta-Fenylethanol [Czech], 2-phenyl ethanol, Carbinol, Benzyl, beta Phenylethanol, CAS-60-12-8, Alcohol, Phenethyl, beta-Fenethylalkohol [Czech], PEL, SMR000059156, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP MONOGRAPH), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP MONOGRAPH], Alcohol, Phenylethyl, benzene-ethanol, Mellol, phenyl-ethanol, Benzyl-Methanol, 2-PhenyIethanol, phenylethyl-alcohol, .beta.-Phenethanol, HY1, .beta.-Fenylethanol, b-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Benzyl ethyl alcohol, 2-phenyl-1-ethanol, Benzeneethanol, 9CI, 2-phenylethane-1-ol, betaphenylethyl alcohol, .beta.-Fenethylalkohol, 2-Phenylethanol, USP, METHANOL, BENZYL, A-PEA, beta -hydroxyethylbenzene, 2-Phenylethanol, 99%, .beta.-P.E.A., (BETA-PEA), Phenylethyl alcohol, USAN, bmse000659, Phenylethyl, beta- alcohol, 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, SCHEMBL1838, WLN: Q2R, MLS001066349, MLS001336026, FEMA NUMBER 2858., PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [MI], Phenethyl alcohol, 8CI, BAN, CHEMBL448500, beta-(HYDROXYETHYL)BENZENE, PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [FCC], PHENYLETHYL, B- ALCOHOL, PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [INCI], BDBM85807, FEMA 2858, HMS2093H05, HMS2233H06, HMS3374P04, Pharmakon1600-01505398, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], BCP32115, CS-B1821, HY-B1290, NSC_6054, Tox21_113544, Tox21_201322, Tox21_303383, NSC759116, s3703, 2-Phenylethanol, >=99.0% (GC), AKOS000249688, Tox21_113544_1, CCG-213419, DB02192, NSC-759116, CAS_60-12-8, Phenethyl alcohol, >=99%, FCC, FG, NCGC00166215-01, NCGC00166215-03, NCGC00166215-05, NCGC00257347-01, NCGC00258874-01, AC-18484, SBI-0206858.P001, FT-0613332, FT-0673679, P0084, EN300-19347, C05853, D00192, D70868, Phenethyl alcohol, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG, AB00698274_05, A832606, Q209463, SR-01000763553, Phenylethyl alcohol, >=99%, FCC, FG, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 19601-20-8.

Phenethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.
The molecule of phenethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
Phenethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol used as a flavoring agent in the cosmetic, perfume, and food industries.

Phenethyl alcohol, also known as 2-phenylethanol or beta-phenylethyl alcohol, is a colorless liquid with a floral, rose-like scent.
Phenethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and belongs to the class of compounds known as phenols.
The chemical formula for phenethyl alcohol is C8H10O.

Phenethyl alcohol is a kind of edible spices, and naturally exists in neroli, rose oil, geranium oil and other oils, because it has a soft, pleasant and persistent rose fragrance and is widely used in various kinds of flavors and cigarette flavor.
Phenethyl alcohol is dispensing rose scent, food additives, the main raw material for rose scent flavor, stable on alkali, which are widely used in soap fragrance, is essence blending all rose scent series of spices, because it does not dissolve in water, it is often used in the making up water, soap and orange flower, purple, etc.
Phenethyl alcohol is also used in the blending of flavor.

Because the Phenethyl alcohol has a good antibacterial efficiency, it can be used in the ophthalmic solution.
Phenethyl alcohol has a characteristic rose-like odor and an initially slightly bitter taste, then sweet and reminiscent of peach.
Phenethyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol with rose-like odor, is commonly used as a food flavoring and fragrance ingredient.

Phenethyl alcohol is the main flavor volatile of tomato and blue cheese.
Phenethyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with an odor of rose oil.
Phenethyl alcohol has a burning taste that irritates and then anesthetizes mucous membranes.

Phenethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that is used as a fragrance and an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations.
Phenethyl alcohol is active at pH 6 or less and is inactivated by nonionic detergents including polysorbate-80.
Phenethyl alcohol is also a widely used fragrance material that imparts a rose character to perfume compositions.

Almost all rose fragrances and other floral-type perfumes contain Phenethyl alcohol, and Phenethyl alcohol is used extensively for many other fragrance applications because it blends ell.
Phenethyl alcohol is metabolized to phenylacetic acid in mammals.
In humans, Phenethyl alcohol is excreted in urine as the conjugate phenylacetylglutamine.

Phenethyl Alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral fragrance that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative.
Phenethyl alcohol is chemical formula is C8H10O, and it is naturally derived from plants such as rose and jasmine.
Phenethyl Alcohol is effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it a popular alternative to synthetic preservatives.

Phenethyl alcohol is soluble in both oil and water, which allows it to be easily incorporated into a wide range of cosmetic formulations.
With its natural origin and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, Phenethyl alcohol is a good choice for those looking for safe and effective preservatives.
2-phenylethanol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.

Phenethyl alcohol has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.
Phenethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.
Phenethyl alcohol, is a primary aromatic alcohol of high boiling point, having a characteristic rose-like odor.

Phenethyl alcohol presents organoleptic properties and impacts the quality of the wine, distilled beverages, and fermented foods.
Phenethyl alcohol shows its presence in fresh beer and is responsible for the rose-like odor of well-ripened cheese.
Phenethyl alcohol is commercially and industrially an important flavor and is a component of a variety of foodstuffs such as ice cream, gelatin, candy, pudding, chewing gum, and non-alcoholic beverages.

Phenethyl alcohol is formed by yeasts during fermentation of alcohols either by decomposition of L-phenylalanine or metabolism of sugar substrates.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Phenethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes.

Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
C6H6 + CH2CH2O + AlCl3 → C6H5CH2CH2OAlCl2 + HCl
The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product.

The main side product is Phenethyl alcohol, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene.
Phenethyl alcohol of styrene oxide also affords phenethyl alcohol.
Phenethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.

Phenethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
Phenethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.
Phenethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.

Phenethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Phenethyl alcohol a colorless liquid used in small amounts as a so-called masking ingredient, meaning it can hide the natural not-so-nice smell of other cosmetic ingredients.

Phenethyl alcohol has a nice rose-like scent and can be found in several essential oils such as rose, neroli or geranium.
Phenethyl alcohol also has some antimicrobial activity and can boost the performance of traditional preservatives.
Phenethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that is used as a fragrance and an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations.

Phenethyl alcohol is metabolized to phenylacetic acid in mammals.
In humans, Phenethyl alcohol is excreted in urine as the conjugate phenylacetylglutamine.
The acute oral LD,s of Phenethyl alcohol to rats ranged from 2.5 to 3.1 ml/kg, and for mice and guinea pigs was 0.8 to 1.5 g/kg and 0.4 to 0.8 g/kg, respectively.

The dermal LD,s for rabbits and guinea pigs were 0.8 g/kg and 5 g/kg, respectively.
Phenethyl alcohol was slightly to moderately irritating to the skin of rabbits and guinea pigs and was not a guinea pig sensitizer.
Phenethyl alcohol, in concentrations of 1 % or greater, was irritating to the eyes of rabbits.

Phenethyl alcohol was neither an irritant nor a sensitizer in human studies.
Phenethyl alcohol was not mutagenic in the Ames test or in an Escherichia coli DNA-polymerase-deficient assay system.
Phenethyl alcohol did inhibit the repair of radiation-induced breaks in the DNA of Z. coli.

Phenethyl alcohol did not increase the number of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes
Phenethyl alcohol is an aromatic chemical, usually appearing as a clear oily liquid with a sweet rose scent.
Phenethyl alcohol can be synthesized for industry through the use of yeast strains or by reacting benzene and ethylene oxide with a catalyst.

Phenethyl alcohol is naturally present in grapes and wines, and is also found in the essential oils of many plants such as ylang ylang, hyacinth and carnation.
Phenethyl alcohol is the dominant odour in fresh roses such as Rosa multiflora, however is mostly lost during essential oil production as it separates, with only a fraction remaining in rose oil.
Phenethyl alcohols are a large class of important cosmetic ingredients but only ethanol needs to be denatured to prevent it from being redirected from cosmetic applications to alcoholic beverages.

Phenethyl alcohol is a colorless, transparent, slightly viscous liquid.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Phenethyl Alcohol is used in the formulation of eye area makeup, makeup products, skin care products, shampoos and perfumes and colognes.
Phenethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.

Phenethyl alcohol has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.
Phenethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.
Phenethyl alcohol is a water soluble fragrance agent with rose like scent and good antimicrobial activity.

Perfect suitable for water based products and colour cosmetics.
The combination with boosting agents is in emulsions recommendable, the performance is pH independent.
Phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.

Phenethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Phenethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.
Phenethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.

The molecule of phenethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
Phenethyl alcohol, extracted from rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom and other organisms, is a colourless liquid that is slightly soluble in water.
Phenethyl alcohol has a pleasant floral odor and also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.

Phenethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes and also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenethyl alcohol is the deuterium labeled 2-Phenylethanol.
Phenethyl alcohol, extracted from rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom and other organisms, is a colourless liquid.

Phenethyl alcohol has a pleasant floral odor and also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
Phenethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes and also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenethyl alcohol occurs naturally in some essential oils, such as rose oil, carnation oil, and geranium oil, contributing to their pleasant fragrance.

Phenethyl alcohol is commonly used in the perfume and flavor industries due to its floral aroma.
Additionally, phenethyl alcohol has antimicrobial properties, which makes it useful in various cosmetic and personal care products as a preservative.
Phenethyl alcohol occurs naturally in various plants, including roses, carnations, geraniums, and other flowers.

Phenethyl alcohol is extracted from these sources for use in the fragrance industry.
One of the primary uses of phenethyl alcohol is in the fragrance and perfume industry.
Phenethyl alcohol is pleasant, floral scent, reminiscent of roses, makes it a popular choice for adding a sweet and rosy note to perfumes and cosmetic products.

In addition to its use in perfumery, phenethyl alcohol is sometimes used as a flavoring agent in the food industry, providing a sweet and floral taste to certain products.
Phenethyl alcohol has antimicrobial properties, and as such, it is employed as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products.
Phenethyl alcohol helps extend the shelf life of these products by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi.

Phenethyl alcohol can be synthesized chemically through various methods, including the reduction of phenylacetic acid or the hydration of styrene.
Synthetic phenethyl alcohol is often used in the fragrance industry when a cost-effective and consistent source is needed.
Phenethyl alcohol can act as a solvent for various substances, which adds to its versatility in different industrial applications.

Phenethyl alcohol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products when used in accordance with regulations.
However, like any chemical, it should be handled with care, and its concentration in formulations should comply with safety guidelines.

Melting point: -27 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 219-221 °C/750 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.020 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 4.21 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 58 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.5317(lit.)
FEMA: 2858 | PHENETHYL ALCOHOL
Flash point: 216 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with chloroform.
form: Liquid
pka: 15.17±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear colorless
Odor: floral odor of roses
PH: 6-7 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 1.4-11.9%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 20 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7224
JECFA Number: 987
BRN: 1905732
Dielectric constant: 13.0（20℃）
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong acids and strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
InChIKey: WRMNZCZEMHIOCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.50

Phenethyl alcohol is the main component of rose oils obtained from rose blossoms
Phenethyl alcohol occurs in smaller quantities in neroli oil, ylang-ylang oil, carnation oil, and geranium oils.
Since the alcohol is rather soluble in water, losses occur when essential oils are produced by steam distillation.

Phenethyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild rose odor. It can be dehydrogenated catalytically to phenylacetaldehyde and oxidized to phenylacetic acid (e.g.,with chromic acid).
Phenethyl alcohol is fatty acid esterswith lowermolecularmass, as well as some alkyl ethers, are valuable fragrance and flavor substances.
Phenylethyl Alcohol is found in almond.

Phenethyl alcohol is a component of ylang-ylang oil.
Phenethyl alcohol is a flavouring ingredient.
Phenethyl alcohol is also called P-phenethyl alcohol, p-phenyl ethyl alcohol, 2-phenyl ethanol, benzeneethanol, benzyl carbinol, and p-hydroxyethylben~ene.'~-~) PEA is a colorless, transparent, slightly viscous liquid with a sharp, burning taste.

Phenethyl alcohol has a floral odor with a rose chara~ter.'~?~,~) The molecular weight of PEA is 122.1 7.
Phenethyl alcohol has a specific gravity of 1.0202 at 20°C (compared with water at 4°C) and a specific gravity of 1.01 7 to 1.01 9 at 25°C (compared with water at 25°C).
The boiling point of Phenethyl alcohol at 750 mm Hg is 219 to 221"C, at 14 mm Hg is 104"C, at 12 mm Hg is 98 to 1 OO"C, and at 10 mm Hg is 97.4"C.

The freezing point of Phenethyl alcohol is -27°C.
The alcohol is combustible, and its flash point is 102.2"C.
The index of refraction for Phenethyl alcohol at 20°C for sodium light is 1.530 to 1.534.(2~4-6) Phenethyl alcohol is very soluble in alcohol and ether.

Phenethyl alcohol is also soluble in fixed oils, glycerol, and propylene glycol and is slightly soluble in mineral oil.
A 2-ml sample of Phenethyl alcohol will dissolve in 100 ml of water after thorough Exposure to air may cause a slight oxidation of Phenethyl alcohol.
Phenethyl alcohol can be oxidized by acids and other oxidants, and oxidation in the presence of air is accelerated by heat.

Phenethyl alcohol is stable in colorless glass ampules at room temperature or in full opaque containers stored at 4 to 27°C for up to 1 year.
Phenethyl alcohol is absorbed by polyethylene c~ntainers.(~,~,~) PEA occurs naturally in the environment.
Phenethyl alcohol is produced by microorganisms, plants, and animals."0) It has been found as the free alcohol oresterified in a number of natural essential oils, and in food, spices, and tobacco.

Phenethyl alcohol is used as a preservative ingredient in some soaps, and is also used in cosmetics, personal care products and food production for creating floral-rose fragrances and flavours.
Phenethyl alcohol can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and natural extraction from plants such as rose and jasmine.
The most common method involves the reduction of benzaldehyde with sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst.

The resulting product is then purified to obtain Phenethyl Alcohol.
Phenethyl alcohol is a phenethyl alcohol that prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.
Phenethyl alcohol is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence.

Phenethyl alcohol is a natural and multifunctional ingredient with a pleasant floral odor.
Due to its excellent antimicrobial properties Phenethyl alcohol is used in cosmetics as a preservative booster to reduce traditional preservative use.
Contrarily to organic salt preservatives which require a low pH for optimum action, Phenethyl alcohol is pH independent.

Phenethyl alcohol is efficient in a broad pH range and heat stable.
For this reason, Phenethyl alcohol can be used in all kinds of products in cosmetics and perfumery, as a deodorant active and for alternative preservation.
Phenethyl alcohol is soluble in water and in most organic solvents.

Phenethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is the organic compound that consists of a phenethyl group group attached to OH.
Phenethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid that is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with most organic solvents.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents and protein, e.g. serum.

Phenethyl alcohol is partially inactivated by polysorbates, although this is not as great as the reduction in antimicrobial activity that occurs with parabens and polysorbates.
Purify the ethanol by shaking it with a solution of ferrous sulfate, and the alcohol layer is washed with distilled water and fractionally distilled.
Phenethyl alcohol was not mutagenic in bacterial assays, nor did it increase the number of sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes.

Phenethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide:
C6H5MgBr + CH2CH2O → C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr
C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr + H+ → C6H5CH2CH2OH + MgBr+

Phenethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from L-phenylalanine using immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Phenethyl alcohol is also possible to produce phenethyl alcohol by the reduction of phenylacetic acid using sodium borohydride and iodine in THF.
Phenethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.

Phenethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Besides being found in essential oils of plants, phenethyl alcohol is a natural component of some fruits.

Phenethyl alcohol contributes to the characteristic aroma of certain fruits like apples and strawberries.
There is ongoing research into the potential therapeutic properties of phenethyl alcohol.
Some studies suggest that Phenethyl alcohol may have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.

However, more research is needed to fully understand its potential medical applications.
Phenethyl alcohol is used in various industrial processes.
For example, Phenethyl alcohol can be utilized as a precursor in the synthesis of other chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Phenethyl alcohol is present in trace amounts in wine and is considered one of the volatile compounds that contribute to the overall aroma and flavor profile of the wine.
In perfumery, phenethyl alcohol is often used in combination with other aromatic compounds to create complex and well-balanced fragrances.
Phenethyl alcohol is mild and floral scent makes it a versatile ingredient in fragrance formulations.

The use of phenethyl alcohol is subject to regulations and guidelines set by regulatory authorities in different countries.
Phenethyl alcohol is important for industries to comply with these regulations to ensure the safety and proper labeling of products containing this compound.
Phenethyl alcohol is relatively stable, but like many chemicals, it can degrade over time, especially when exposed to light and air.

Proper storage conditions, such as keeping Phenethyl alcohol in a cool and dark place, are important to maintain its quality.
The environmental impact of phenethyl alcohol depends on factors such as its source (natural or synthetic) and the specific application.
In general, when used responsibly and in accordance with regulations, its impact on the environment is considered minimal.

Production:
Many syntheticmethods are known for preparing Phenethyl alcohol; the following are currently of industrial importance:
1) Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzene and ethylene oxide: In the presence of molar quantities of aluminum chloride, ethylene oxide reacts with benzene to give an addition product, which is hydrolyzed to phenylethyl alcohol:
Friedel–Crafts reaction of benzene and ethylene oxide.

Formation of by-products, such as 1,2-diphenylethane, is largely avoided by using an excess of benzene at low temperature.
Special purification procedures are required to obtain a pure Phenethyl alcohol that is free of chlorine and suitable for use in perfumery.
2) Hydrogenation of styrene oxide: Excellent yields of Phenethyl alcohol are obtainedwhen styrene oxide is hydrogenated at low temperature, using Raney nickel as a catalyst and a small amount of sodium hydroxide.

Uses:
Phenethyl alcohol is qualitatively and quantitatively one of the most important fragrance substances that belongs to the class of araliphatic alcohols.
Phenethyl alcohol is used frequently and in large amounts as a fragrance material.
Phenethyl alcohol is a popular component in rose-type compositions, but it is also used in other blossom notes.

Phenethyl alcohol is stable to alkali and, therefore, ideally suited for use in soap perfumes.
Phenethyl alcohol is used to mask odor and also as a preservative.
Phenethyl alcohol may be employed in the pharmaceutical industry as an ingredient in certain drug formulations.

Phenethyl alcohol is antimicrobial properties can contribute to the stability and preservation of pharmaceutical products.
The mild and pleasant scent of Phenethyl alcohol makes it suitable for use in insect repellents.
Phenethyl alcohol can be included in formulations to improve the overall fragrance of these products.

Phenethyl alcohol is sometimes used in the production of scented candles and air fresheners to impart a floral fragrance, enhancing the ambiance of living spaces.
Beyond cosmetics, Phenethyl alcohol is often included in various personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and body lotions for its fragrance and preservative properties.
Due to its solvent properties, Phenethyl alcohol can be used in the textile industry for processes like dyeing and finishing fabrics.

Phenethyl alcohol may be found in a range of household products, including cleaning solutions, fabric softeners, and laundry detergents, where its antimicrobial properties contribute to product preservation.
In microbiology labs, Phenethyl alcohol is sometimes used as a disinfectant or as part of media formulations for culturing microorganisms.
Phenethyl alcohol's antimicrobial properties make it a potential candidate for use in food packaging materials to inhibit the growth of microorganisms and extend the shelf life of packaged foods.

Phenethyl alcohol can be found in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products due to its pleasing fragrance and preservative properties.
Phenethyl alcohol is sometimes used in the production of herbal extracts and tinctures, contributing to the overall aroma of the final product.
The antimicrobial properties of phenethyl alcohol make it a suitable ingredient in liquid soaps and body washes, helping to keep the products free from harmful microorganisms.

Phenethyl alcohol may be included in some mouthwashes and oral care products for its antimicrobial effects and to enhance the product's overall scent.
Some pet grooming products, such as shampoos and conditioners, may contain Phenethyl alcohol for its fragrance and preservative qualities.
Phenethyl alcohol can be found in floral waters and hydrosols, contributing to the aromatic properties of these products.

Phenethyl alcohol is used in the formulation of room sprays and air fresheners to provide a pleasant and long-lasting fragrance.
In niche and artisanal perfumery, where unique and specialized fragrances are crafted, phenethyl alcohol is valued for its floral and versatile characteristics.
In the production of botanical extracts used in skincare and cosmetic formulations, phenethyl alcohol may be employed for its aromatic qualities.

Some agricultural products, such as certain plant-based insecticides or repellents, may utilize phenethyl alcohol for its pleasant scent.
In the production of natural and organic cosmetic and personal care products, phenethyl alcohol is sometimes favored for its natural origin and pleasant fragrance.
Some niche and specialty food and beverage products may incorporate phenethyl alcohol for its unique floral and sweet aroma.

Phenethyl alcohol can be found in nail polishes, nail polish removers, and other nail care products due to its fragrance and potential antimicrobial benefits.
Phenethyl alcohol is used in both aqueous and alcoholic perfume formulations, contributing to the fragrance stability in various types of perfumes.
In the formulation of biodegradable and environmentally friendly cleaners, phenethyl alcohol may be used for its cleaning properties and mild scent.

Some lotions and moisturizers may include phenethyl alcohol as part of their formulation for its preservative properties and fragrance.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, phenethyl alcohol may be found in antiseptic solutions used for skin disinfection.
In certain industrial applications, phenethyl alcohol can be used as a solvent in UV-curable coatings, contributing to the coating's formulation and properties.

Phenethyl alcohol might be included in grooming sprays for pets to provide a pleasant scent and potentially help in controlling odors.
Some dental products, such as mouth rinses and dental gels, may contain phenethyl alcohol for its potential antimicrobial effects and fragrance.
Beyond its use as a flavoring agent in the food industry, phenethyl alcohol is sometimes employed in the creation of floral and fruity flavorings for various food products.

In some culinary applications, phenethyl alcohol might be used to enhance the aroma and flavor of specific dishes or desserts.
Phenethyl alcohol is used as a preservative in cleansers, toners, moisturizers, and other cosmetic formulations.
Phenethyl alcohol helps in extending the shelf life of products and protects against harmful microorganisms.

Additionally, the skin conditioning properties of Phenethyl alcohol make it a popular ingredient in moisturizers and other skincare products
Cosmetic products: Apart from acting as a preservative, Phenethyl alcohol is commonly used as a fragrance ingredient, adding a floral scent to cosmetic products.
Phenethyl alcohol can be found in a wide range of cosmetics, including foundations, blushes and eye shadows.

Phenethyl alcohol is used in food flavors, especially in honey, bread, apple, rose flavor and so on.
Phenethyl alcohol is used in tobacco flavors.
Phenethyl alcohol is used for blending rose essential oil and all kinds of fragrance, such as jasmine, lilac, and orange blossom fragrance, etc.

Phenethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.
Phenethyl alcohol is a common ingredient in the fragrance and perfume industry.
Phenethyl alcohol is sweet, floral scent, reminiscent of roses, makes it a popular choice for adding a rosy note to perfumes and personal care products.

In the food industry, phenethyl alcohol is used as a flavoring agent to impart a sweet and floral taste to certain products.
Phenethyl alcohol can be found in various food and beverage items.
Due to its antimicrobial properties, phenethyl alcohol is used as a preservative in cosmetics, skincare products, and toiletries.

Phenethyl alcohol helps prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi, extending the shelf life of these products.
Phenethyl alcohol serves as a solvent in industrial processes, contributing to its versatility.
Phenethyl alcohol can be used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

While still being explored, research suggests that phenethyl alcohol may have potential therapeutic properties.
Phenethyl alcohol has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, but more research is needed to confirm these findings.
Natural phenethyl alcohol found in some fruits contributes to the characteristic aroma and flavor of certain foods, including apples and strawberries.

Phenethyl alcohol is present in trace amounts in wine and contributes to its overall aroma and flavor profile.
Phenethyl alcohol is considered one of the volatile compounds influencing the sensory characteristics of wine.
The antimicrobial properties of phenethyl alcohol make it a suitable ingredient in some household cleaning products, detergents, and disinfectants.

Phenethyl alcohol's pleasant scent makes it suitable for use in aromatherapy products, such as essential oil blends or diffuser oils.
Phenethyl alcohol is used in research and development laboratories, often as a reference compound or as a starting material in chemical synthesis.
Phenethyl alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in nasal, ophthalmic, and otic formulations at 0.25–0.5% v/v concentration; it is generally used in combination with other preservatives.

Phenethyl alcohol has also been used on its own as an antimicrobial preservative at concentrations up to 1% v/v in topical preparations.
At this concentration, mycoplasmas are inactivated within 20 minutes, although enveloped viruses are resistant.
Phenethyl alcohol is also used in flavors and as a perfumery component, especially in rose perfumes.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
Phenethyl alcohol a skin and eye irritant.
Experimental teratogenic effects.

Other experimental reproductive effects.
Causes severe central nervous system injury to experimental animals.
Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes
Phenethyl alcohol is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
However, at the concentration used to preserve eye-drops (about 0.5% v/v) or above, eye irritation may occur.

Phenethyl alcohol can be produced through various methods, including chemical synthesis and natural extraction from plants such as rose and jasmine.
The most common method involves the reduction of benzaldehyde with sodium borohydride in the presence of a catalyst.
The resulting Phenethyl alcohol is then purified to obtain Phenethyl Alcohol.

Storage:
Phenethyl alcohol is stable in bulk, but is volatile and sensitive to light and oxidizing agents.
Phenethyl alcohol is reasonably stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions.
Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.

If stored in low-density polyethylene containers, Phenethyl alcohol may be absorbed by the containers.
Losses to polypropylene containers have been reported to be insignificant over 12 weeks at 30°C.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5OH.
Phenol is a white crystalline solid at room temperature but can also be a colorless liquid.
Phenol consists of a benzene ring (a six-membered carbon ring) with a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to one of the carbon atoms.

CAS Number: 108-95-2
EC Number: 203-632-7



APPLICATIONS


In different industries, there are various applications of phenol:

Plastics Production:
Phenol is a crucial raw material in the production of plastics, particularly phenolic resins and Bakelite, which are used in a wide range of products, including automotive parts, electrical components, and consumer goods.

Resins and Adhesives:
Phenolic resins, derived from phenol and formaldehyde, are used as adhesives and coatings in plywood, particleboard, and laminates.

Textile Industry:
Phenol derivatives find use in the manufacture of synthetic fibers like nylon and spandex, which are commonly used in textiles and apparel.

Pharmaceuticals:
Phenol serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, including drugs used for pain relief, antiseptics, and antispasmodics.

Agriculture:
Phenol derivatives are utilized in the production of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides to protect crops from pests and diseases.

Dyes and Pigments:
Phenol-based compounds are used as intermediates in the production of dyes and pigments for the textile, printing, and paint industries.

Wood Preservatives:
Phenolic wood preservatives are applied to protect timber from decay and insect infestations.

Topical Medications:
Phenol is used in the preparation of topical medications, such as ointments and creams, for various skin conditions.

Disinfectants:
Phenol has historical significance as a disinfectant and antiseptic, although its use in this regard has diminished due to safety concerns.

Industrial Chemicals:
Phenol is a valuable chemical intermediate in the production of industrial chemicals like caprolactam, an essential component of nylon manufacturing.

Laboratory Reagents:
Phenol is used as a laboratory reagent for various chemical reactions and syntheses.

Pesticides:
Some phenolic compounds are used directly as pesticides, such as pentachlorophenol used to treat utility poles and wood.

Plasticizers:
Phenol-based plasticizers are used to modify the properties of certain plastics, making them more flexible and easier to process.

Thermosetting Plastics:
Phenolic resins are used to make heat-resistant and insulating materials, including circuit boards and aircraft components.

Personal Care Products:
Phenol derivatives can be found in some personal care products like lotions, shampoos, and hair dyes.

Textile Printing:
Phenolic compounds are used in textile printing pastes to improve print quality and consistency.

Dental Materials:
Phenolic compounds are employed in the manufacture of dental materials, including restorative resins and cements.

Industrial Cleaning:
Some industrial cleaning agents contain phenolic compounds for their disinfecting properties.

Analytical Chemistry:
Phenol is used as an indicator in analytical chemistry due to its color change in the presence of oxidizing agents.

Leather Tanning:
Certain phenolic compounds are used in leather tanning processes to improve the leather's properties.

Photographic Chemicals:
Phenol derivatives are used in photographic chemicals and developers.

Paper Production:
Phenolic resins are used in the production of specialty papers, such as electrical insulating paper and filter paper.

Fuel Additives:
Phenolic compounds are used as fuel additives to enhance octane ratings and reduce engine knocking.

Antioxidants:
Some phenolic compounds have antioxidant properties and are used in food preservation.

Rubber Industry:
Phenolic resins are used as curing agents and reinforcing agents in the rubber industry.

Electronics:
Phenolic laminates, derived from phenolic resins, are used as insulating materials in electronics, including printed circuit boards and electrical switches.

Automotive:
Phenolic materials are used in automotive brake components, such as brake pads and clutch discs, due to their excellent heat resistance and durability.

Construction:
Phenolic foam insulation boards are used in construction for their thermal insulation properties, fire resistance, and moisture resistance.

Rubber Adhesives:
Phenolic resins are used in the production of rubber adhesives, which are commonly used in the tire industry.

Fuel Caps:
Phenolic compounds are used to make fuel caps and filler necks for vehicles due to their resistance to fuel and automotive fluids.

Aerospace:
Phenolic composites are used in aerospace applications, including aircraft interiors, due to their lightweight and fire-resistant properties.

Shipbuilding:
Phenolic materials are used in shipbuilding for various components, such as bulkheads, due to their fire resistance and low smoke emission properties.

Oil Drilling:
Phenolic resins are used in the manufacturing of oil drilling equipment, including drilling fluids, as they can withstand high temperatures and pressure.

Foundry Industry:
Phenolic resins are used as binders in foundry sand molds and cores, facilitating the casting of metal parts.

Filtration:
Phenolic filter papers are used in laboratories and industrial applications for filtration and separation processes.

Electrical Insulation:
Phenolic laminates are used as electrical insulators in transformers, switchgear, and electrical panels.

Chemical Manufacturing:
Phenol is an essential raw material in the production of various chemicals, including detergents, herbicides, and pharmaceuticals.

Wood Adhesives:
Phenolic adhesives are used for bonding wood in furniture manufacturing, plywood production, and cabinetry.

Agricultural Chemicals:
Phenolic compounds are used in the formulation of herbicides, such as glyphosate, which is widely used in agriculture.

Wood Composites:
Phenolic resins are used to manufacture wood composites like particleboard and MDF (medium-density fiberboard).

Laminates:
Phenolic laminates are used as decorative and structural laminates in applications ranging from kitchen countertops to aircraft interiors.

Bakelite Products:
Bakelite, a phenolic resin, has been used historically for making items like telephones, radios, and electrical insulators.

Plastic Molding:
Phenolic resins are used in injection molding and compression molding processes to produce various plastic components.

Oil and Gas Industry:
Phenolic materials are used in wellhead equipment, seals, and gaskets in the oil and gas industry due to their resistance to harsh environments.

Chemical Analysis:
Phenolic compounds are used as standards and reagents in chemical analysis and spectrophotometric measurements.

Concrete Additives:
Phenolic compounds are used as concrete additives to improve the flow and workability of concrete mixtures.

Detergents:
Phenolic compounds are used in the production of household and industrial detergents for their surfactant properties.

Cosmetics:
Some phenolic compounds are used in cosmetics and skincare products for their antioxidant and preservative properties.

Fuel Lines:
Phenolic compounds are used to make fuel lines and connectors due to their resistance to gasoline and automotive fluids.

Chemical Analysis Standards:
Phenolic compounds are used as reference standards in chemical analysis methods, such as gas chromatography.

Chemical Synthesis:
Phenol is a starting material in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, fragrances, and dyes.

Thermoplastics:
Some phenolic compounds are used as thermoplastic resins in injection molding and extrusion processes.



DESCRIPTION


Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5OH.
Phenol is a white crystalline solid at room temperature but can also be a colorless liquid.
Phenol consists of a benzene ring (a six-membered carbon ring) with a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to one of the carbon atoms.

Phenol has a distinctive sweet, medicinal odor and a sharp, burning taste.
Phenol is both a natural compound found in various plant sources and a synthetic chemical produced on an industrial scale.
Phenol is considered an important precursor for the production of a wide range of chemicals and plastics.

Phenol, with the chemical formula C6H5OH, is an aromatic organic compound.
Phenol is also known as carbolic acid and is a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Phenol is characterized by its sweet, medicinal odor and sharp, burning taste.

Phenol is a hydroxybenzene, with a hydroxyl (-OH) group attached to a benzene ring.
The chemical structure of phenol consists of a six-membered carbon ring with alternating single and double bonds.
Phenol is both a natural compound found in various plant sources and a synthetic chemical produced industrially.

Phenol has a melting point of about 43°C (110°F) and boils at approximately 182°C (360°F).
Phenol is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether.

Phenol is corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes and should be handled with care.
Due to its antiseptic properties, phenol has been historically used for disinfection and wound care.
Phenol is considered a building block in the production of plastics, resins, and synthetic fibers.

Phenolic resins, made from phenol and formaldehyde, are used in a wide range of applications, including as adhesives and coatings.
The compound Bakelite, an early plastic, is derived from phenol and was used for making a variety of products, including electrical insulators and jewelry.
Phenol is a key intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and drugs.
In the field of agriculture, phenol derivatives are used in the production of herbicides and pesticides.
Phenol is also used in the manufacture of chemicals like caprolactam, an essential component of nylon production.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C6H6O.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 94.11 g/mol.
State: Phenol can exist as a white crystalline solid or a colorless liquid, depending on temperature and purity.
Melting Point: Approximately 43°C (110°F) for the solid form.
Boiling Point: Approximately 182°C (360°F) for the liquid form.
Odor: Phenol has a sweet, medicinal odor.
Taste: Phenol has a sharp, burning taste.
Density: The density of phenol varies with temperature, but it is approximately 1.07 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Solubility: Phenol is slightly soluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and ether.
Vapor Pressure: The vapor pressure of phenol increases with temperature.


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Reactivity: Phenol is highly reactive due to the presence of the hydroxyl (-OH) group. It can undergo various chemical reactions, including oxidation, esterification, and halogenation.
Acidity: Phenol is a weak acid and can donate a proton (H+) from the hydroxyl group. It forms phenoxide ions in alkaline solutions.
Flammability: Phenol is flammable and can ignite when exposed to an open flame.
Corrosivity: Phenol is corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. It should be handled with care.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If someone inhales phenol fumes, immediately move them to an area with fresh air to avoid further exposure.

Rescue Breathing:
If the person is not breathing and you are trained in CPR, administer rescue breathing.
Seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
If phenol comes into contact with the skin, quickly remove contaminated clothing, including gloves, while wearing appropriate PPE.

Flush with Water:
Rinse the affected skin area thoroughly with copious amounts of cool, running water for at least 15 minutes to remove phenol from the skin.
Use an eyewash station or emergency shower if available.

Use a Safety Shower:
If the exposure is extensive or severe, use a safety shower to ensure thorough decontamination.

Soap and Water:
Wash the affected area gently with mild soap and lukewarm water to remove any residual phenol.
Avoid scrubbing, as it may cause skin abrasions.

Seek Medical Attention:
After decontamination, seek immediate medical attention, especially for severe skin exposure, chemical burns, or signs of skin irritation.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
If phenol contacts the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with lukewarm, gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes.
Use an eyewash station if available.
Ensure that the eyelids are held open during rinsing to thoroughly flush the eye.

Do Not Rub:
Do not rub the eyes, as this can cause further irritation.

Seek Medical Attention:
Even if the affected person's eyes appear to be unaffected, seek immediate medical attention to evaluate and treat any potential eye injuries.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by a healthcare professional.

Rinse Mouth:
If phenol is ingested, rinse the mouth with water but do not swallow.

Seek Immediate Medical Attention:
Call emergency services or a poison control center immediately for guidance.
Provide as much information as possible about the exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Always wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, a lab coat or protective clothing, and a respiratory protection device if needed.
Ensure that PPE is in good condition before handling phenol.

Ventilation:
Work with phenol in a well-ventilated area, such as a fume hood or with local exhaust ventilation, to minimize exposure to fumes and vapors.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Prevent skin contact with phenol by wearing gloves and other protective clothing.
In case of accidental skin contact, wash the affected area immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention if irritation or burns occur.

Eye Protection:
Safety goggles or a face shield should be worn to protect against splashes or accidental eye contact.
If eye contact occurs, rinse the eyes thoroughly with water and seek immediate medical attention.

Respiratory Protection:
In situations where airborne concentrations of phenol may exceed permissible exposure limits (PEL), use appropriate respiratory protection equipment, such as a NIOSH-approved respirator.

Avoid Inhaling Vapors:
Avoid inhaling phenol vapors by working in a well-ventilated area.
If working with large quantities or in confined spaces, use respiratory protection.

No Smoking or Open Flames:
Phenol is flammable, and smoking or open flames should be strictly prohibited in areas where it is handled.

Handling Precautions:
Use appropriate tools and equipment when handling phenol.
Avoid generating dust, aerosols, or fine mists that can increase the risk of exposure.

Spill Cleanup:
In case of spills, wear protective clothing and use absorbent materials to contain and clean up the spill.
Dispose of waste according to local regulations.


Storage:

Storage Container:
Store phenol in chemically compatible containers made of glass, plastic, or stainless steel.
Avoid containers made of aluminum, copper, or other materials that can react with phenol.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the name, hazard warnings, and handling precautions for phenol.

Temperature:
Store phenol in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Keep it at a stable temperature to prevent decomposition.

Ventilation:
Storage areas should be well-ventilated to prevent the buildup of phenol vapors.

Separation:
Store phenol away from incompatible chemicals, especially strong acids, bases, and oxidizers, to prevent hazardous reactions.

Safety Cabinets:
Consider using dedicated chemical storage cabinets or rooms that are designed to contain spills and provide additional fire resistance.

Security:
Restrict access to phenol storage areas to authorized personnel only.

Inventory Control:
Maintain an inventory of phenol to ensure that quantities are tracked and monitored regularly.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure that emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations, safety showers, and fire extinguishers, is readily available near the storage area.



SYNONYMS


Carbolic Acid
Hydroxybenzene
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenyl Alcohol
Phenylic Acid
Benzophenol
Benzyl Alcohol
Hydroxybenzene
Phenic Acid
Monophenol
Phenylic Alcohol
Phenyl Hydrate
Dihydroxybenzene
Benzenol
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenylic Alcohol
Phenyl Hydroxide
Phenyllic Acid
Phenol Water
Oxybenzene
Hydroxybenzene
Carbolsäure (German)
Acide Carbolique (French)
Fenolo (Italian)
Fenol (Spanish)
Carbolic Acid
Hydroxybenzene
Phenyl Alcohol
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzenol
Phenic Acid
Phenyl Hydroxide
Phenylic Alcohol
Oxybenzene
Phenylcarbinol
Dihydroxybenzene
Phenylic Acid
Monophenol
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenoxide
Benzophenol
Phenyloxide
Fenol (Spanish)
Phenol Water
Benzenediol
Phenic Alcohol
Benzenemethanol
Hydroxylbenzene
Phenolate
Phenylmethanol
Benzenetriol
Monobenzene
Phenylic Hydrate
Benzoyl Hydride
Phenyl Carbonic Acid
Hydroxybenzol
Monophenyl Alcohol
Carbolsäure (German)
Fenolo (Italian)
Hidroxibenceno (Spanish)
Benzene, Hydroxy-
Fenol (Portuguese)
Benzenecarbinol
Hydroxybenzol (German)
Phenyloxide
Hydroxy-Benzene
Phenyl Oxide
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenylmethanol
Phenyl-Carbinol
Phenol Oil
Benzoyl Alcohol
Phenyl Hydrogen Oxide
Benzenol (French)
Benzene, Monohydroxy-

Phenol, also known as carbolic acid or hydroxybenzene, is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5OH.
Phenol is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and has a distinctive odor.
Phenol is derived from benzene through a process called hydroxylation.

CAS Number: 108-95-2
EC Number: 203-632-7



APPLICATIONS


Phenol has a wide range of applications across various industries.
Here are some of its common applications:

Production of Plastics:
Phenol is a key raw material for the production of phenolic resins, which are widely used in the manufacturing of plastics, such as bakelite and phenolic molding compounds.

Chemical Intermediates:
Phenol serves as an important intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, herbicides, dyes, and explosives.

Disinfectants and Antiseptics:
Phenol's antimicrobial properties make it suitable for use as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Phenol can be found in products like throat sprays, mouthwashes, and topical antiseptic solutions.

Adhesives and Coatings:
Phenolic resins derived from phenol are used as binders in adhesives, coatings, and laminates due to their excellent bonding and heat-resistant properties.

Wood Preservation:
Phenol-based wood preservatives, such as creosote, are used to protect wood from decay, insect infestation, and fungal growth in applications like railroad ties, utility poles, and outdoor timber.

Pharmaceutical Industry:
Phenol is used as a starting material in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds, including analgesics, antiseptics, and antipyretics.

Fragrances and Perfumes:
Phenol derivatives are employed in the production of fragrances and perfumes to enhance the scent and fixative properties of the final product.

Polymer Industry:
Phenol is utilized in the production of epoxy resins, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, and polyester resins, contributing to the manufacturing of a wide range of products, including coatings, adhesives, foams, and insulation materials.

Agriculture:
Phenol is used as an intermediate in the production of herbicides and plant growth regulators for agricultural purposes.

Chemical Laboratories:
Phenol finds applications in chemical laboratories as a reagent in various organic synthesis reactions, as well as a denaturing agent.

Textile Industry:
Phenol is used in the production of synthetic fibers like nylon and rayon.
Phenol helps in the manufacturing of resins and finishes that enhance the strength, durability, and flame resistance of textiles.

Electrical and Electronics:
Phenolic resins derived from phenol are widely used in the electrical and electronics industry.
They are used as insulation materials in electrical equipment, circuit boards, switches, and connectors due to their excellent electrical properties and heat resistance.

Automotive Industry:
Phenolic resins are utilized in the manufacturing of brake and clutch components, gaskets, and seals due to their heat resistance, mechanical strength, and friction properties.

Rubber Industry:
Phenol is used in the production of synthetic rubber, where it acts as a chain regulator during the polymerization process, improving the mechanical properties and stability of the rubber.

Chemical Manufacturing:
Phenol serves as a reagent and intermediate in various chemical synthesis reactions.
Phenol is used to produce compounds like bisphenol-A (BPA), caprolactam, salicylic acid, phenolphthalein, and others.

Photographic Industry:
Phenol is used in the production of photographic chemicals, including developers, fixers, and toners.

Cosmetics and Personal Care Products:
Small amounts of phenol and its derivatives are used in cosmetics and personal care products, such as lotions, creams, and hair dyes, as preservatives and fragrance ingredients.

Resins and Composites:
Phenol is used in the manufacturing of resins and composites for various applications, including laminates, molded products, coatings, and casting compounds.

Analytical Chemistry:
Phenol can be employed as a standard or reference material in analytical chemistry techniques, such as spectrophotometry or chromatography.

Waste Treatment:
Phenol can be utilized in waste treatment processes, such as wastewater treatment and waste disposal, to neutralize or remove pollutants.


Phenol is extensively used in the production of phenolic resins, which find applications in plastics, adhesives, and coatings.
Phenol serves as a key building block for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds, including analgesics and antiseptics.
Phenol is utilized in the production of synthetic fibers like nylon and rayon, enhancing their strength and flame resistance.

In the electrical and electronics industry, phenolic resins derived from phenol are used as insulation materials in electrical equipment and circuit boards.
Phenol is employed in the manufacturing of brake and clutch components in the automotive industry due to its heat resistance and mechanical strength.
Phenol is used as a chain regulator in the production of synthetic rubber, improving its mechanical properties and stability.
Phenol finds application in the production of bisphenol-A (BPA), which is a key ingredient in the production of polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins.

In the textile industry, phenol is used in the production of resins and finishes that enhance the properties of textiles, such as strength and durability.
Phenol is utilized in the production of photographic chemicals, including developers, fixers, and toners.

Phenol is used in the formulation of wood adhesives and finishes, improving the bonding strength and moisture resistance of wood products.
Phenol serves as a precursor for the production of caprolactam, a key ingredient in the manufacturing of nylon.
Phenol finds application in the production of flame retardants used in various industries to enhance the fire resistance of materials.

Phenol is used as a denaturing agent in laboratory protocols to render certain substances unfit for consumption.
Phenol is employed in the production of resins and composites used in laminates, molded products, coatings, and casting compounds.
Phenol is utilized in the production of herbicides and plant growth regulators in agriculture.

Phenol can be used as a preservative in cosmetic and personal care products to extend their shelf life.
Phenol finds application in the production of dyes and pigments for various industries, including textiles and printing.

Phenol is employed in the manufacturing of sealants and caulks, providing adhesive properties and resistance to moisture and weathering.
Phenol is used in the production of disinfectants and antiseptics, helping to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
Phenol serves as a raw material for the production of epoxy resins, which are widely used in adhesives, coatings, and structural materials.

Phenol is utilized in the formulation of perfumes and fragrances, adding distinct scents and fixative properties to the final products.
Phenol finds application in the production of heat transfer fluids used in various industries, including HVAC systems and thermal management.

Phenol is used in waste treatment processes to neutralize or remove pollutants from wastewater and industrial effluents.
Phenol is employed as a reagent in analytical chemistry techniques for various types of analyses and measurements.
Phenol can be utilized in the production of specialty chemicals, such as antioxidants, plasticizers, and surfactants, catering to specific industrial needs.

These sentences highlight the diverse range of applications that phenol finds in numerous industries and sectors.
Phenol is used in the production of epoxy resins, which are widely utilized as a versatile adhesive and protective coating in construction, aerospace, and marine industries.

Phenol serves as a key ingredient in the manufacturing of polyurethane foams and elastomers, providing insulation and cushioning properties.
Phenol finds application in the production of synthetic detergents, contributing to their cleansing and emulsifying capabilities.

Phenol is used in the production of phenolic foam insulation materials, which provide excellent thermal insulation properties in buildings and industrial applications.
Phenol is employed in the production of carbon black, a pigment used in printing inks, coatings, and rubber products.
Phenol is utilized in the synthesis of resorcinol, a compound used in the production of adhesives, flame retardants, and pharmaceuticals.
Phenol is used in the formulation of hair dyes and colorants, providing long-lasting color and coverage.

Phenol is employed as a stabilizer and antioxidant in the rubber and polymer industries to prevent degradation and extend product lifespan.
Phenol finds application in the production of disinfectant sprays and wipes, playing a crucial role in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene.
Phenol is used as a precursor for the synthesis of salicylic acid, which is a key ingredient in various pharmaceuticals and skincare products.

Phenol is utilized in the production of pharmaceutical intermediates, such as aspirin and antipyretic drugs.
Phenol finds application in the production of synthetic tanning agents used in the leather industry to improve the durability and quality of leather goods.
Phenol is used in the production of petroleum additives, such as octane enhancers and lubricant additives.

Phenol serves as a reagent in the production of phenolphthalein, which is commonly used as a pH indicator in laboratories.
Phenol finds application in the production of polymeric flocculants used in wastewater treatment to facilitate solid-liquid separation.
Phenol is employed in the synthesis of resins used in dental materials, such as dental composites and adhesives.
Phenol is used as a stabilizer and preservative in the food industry, particularly in the production of beverages, sauces, and processed foods.

Phenol finds application in the production of antioxidants for food products, preventing oxidation and extending shelf life.
Phenol is used in the production of inkjet inks, providing color stability and adhesion properties.
Phenol is employed in the production of herbicide formulations, helping to control unwanted plant growth in agriculture and landscaping.
Phenol finds application in the production of synthetic lubricants and greases, offering enhanced performance and stability.
Phenol is used in the synthesis of bisphenol-F, which is a key ingredient in the production of epoxy resins with improved heat and chemical resistance.

Phenol serves as a starting material for the synthesis of phenolic antioxidants used in rubber, plastics, and lubricants to prevent degradation from heat and oxidation.
Phenol finds application in the production of resin-coated proppants used in hydraulic fracturing to enhance oil and gas recovery in the petroleum industry.
Phenol is used in the production of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites, providing strength and lightweight properties for applications in aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods industries.



DESCRIPTION


Phenol, also known as carbolic acid or hydroxybenzene, is an aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5OH.
Phenol is a white crystalline solid that is volatile and has a distinctive odor.
Phenol is derived from benzene through a process called hydroxylation.

Phenol is an aromatic compound with a distinct sweet, medicinal, or tarry odor.
Phenol is a white crystalline solid at room temperature.
Phenol is soluble in water, alcohol, and many organic solvents.

Phenol has a molecular formula of C6H5OH and a molecular weight of 94.11 g/mol.
Phenol is derived from benzene through hydroxylation.

Phenol has a melting point of approximately 40-42 °C and a boiling point of about 182-186 °C.
Phenol structure of phenol consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to it.
Phenol is mildly acidic due to the presence of the hydroxyl group, allowing it to donate a proton (H+).

Phenol can react with bases to form salts called phenolates.
Phenol is toxic and can cause severe burns, skin irritation, and eye damage upon direct contact.
Phenol has a low vapor pressure and is denser than air.

Phenol is commonly used in the production of plastics, resins, and dyes.
Phenol serves as a precursor for the synthesis of numerous chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals and herbicides.

Phenol exhibits antimicrobial properties, making it suitable for use as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
Phenol is employed in the manufacture of phenolic resins, which find applications in coatings, adhesives, and molded products.
Phenol is used in the production of caprolactam, a key precursor for the production of nylon.

Phenol is an important starting material for the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds.
Phenol can undergo oxidation reactions to form compounds like quinones and benzoquinones.
Phenol is a common reagent in organic chemistry for introducing functional groups or modifying aromatic compounds.
Phenol is an important ingredient in hair dyes, perfumes, and cosmetic products.

Phenol is employed as a denaturing agent in laboratory protocols.
Phenol has been historically used as an antipyretic and analgesic in medicine, but its use in this regard has declined due to safety concerns.
Phenol has applications in the wood industry for wood preservation and treatment.

Phenol is listed as a priority pollutant by environmental regulatory agencies due to its toxicity.
Proper handling and safety precautions should be followed when working with phenol to prevent exposure and adverse health effects.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C6H6O
Molecular Weight: 94.11 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to light pink crystalline solid
Odor: Sweet, medicinal, or phenolic odor
Melting Point: 40.9°C (105.6°F)
Boiling Point: 181.7°C (359.1°F)
Density: 1.07 g/cm3
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, ether, and many organic solvents


Chemical Properties:

Reactivity: Phenol undergoes various chemical reactions, including electrophilic substitution, oxidation, esterification, and condensation reactions.
Acidity: Phenol is weakly acidic and can undergo ionization to form phenoxide ions in the presence of a base.
Hydrogen Bonding: Phenol can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules due to the presence of the hydroxyl group (-OH).
Oxidation: Phenol can be oxidized to form quinones or undergo further oxidation to form carboxylic acids.
Polymerization: Phenol can undergo polymerization to form phenolic resins, which are crosslinked polymers.


Thermal Properties:

Heat of Combustion: Phenol has a high heat of combustion, contributing to its use as a fuel source.
Autoignition Temperature: The autoignition temperature of phenol is approximately 715°C (1,319°F).


Safety and Toxicity:

Toxicity: Phenol is toxic and can cause severe health effects, including skin irritation, burns, eye damage, and respiratory distress. It is harmful if swallowed or inhaled.
Flammability: Phenol is flammable and can ignite when exposed to an open flame or heat source.
Corrosiveness: Phenol is corrosive to metals and can cause damage upon contact.


Other Properties:

Vapor Pressure: The vapor pressure of phenol is relatively low at room temperature.
Electrical Conductivity: Phenol is a poor conductor of electricity.
Refractive Index: The refractive index of phenol is approximately 1.545.
pH: Phenol is slightly acidic, with a pH typically ranging from 5 to 6 in water.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Rinse the affected skin area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use a mild soap or detergent to gently cleanse the exposed skin.
Avoid scrubbing or rubbing the affected area.
Cover the burned or injured skin with a clean, sterile dressing.
Seek medical attention promptly.


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough rinsing.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easily removable, after the initial flush.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Do NOT induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical professionals.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Provide medical personnel with all relevant information, such as the quantity ingested and the time of exposure.


General First Aid Measures:

Remove the person from the contaminated area to avoid further exposure.
Ensure personal safety and use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when providing assistance.
If possible, have the container or label of the phenol product available for medical professionals to review.
Do not administer any medications or remedies without medical guidance.


Additional Considerations:

Notify the appropriate authorities and follow any local regulations or guidelines regarding the reporting of chemical exposures.
It is crucial to provide medical personnel with as much information as possible about the nature and extent of the exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling phenol, including gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and a lab coat or protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection, such as a respirator, if there is a risk of inhalation exposure.
Follow workplace safety guidelines and regulations for handling hazardous chemicals.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the handling area to minimize the buildup of vapors.
If working in an enclosed space, use local exhaust ventilation or mechanical ventilation systems to remove phenol vapors.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Prevent direct skin contact with phenol. Wear chemical-resistant gloves, preferably made of nitrile or neoprene, to protect the skin from exposure.
Avoid wearing clothing that can absorb phenol, such as fabric or leather.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
In case of a spill, contain the area and prevent further spreading of the substance.
Absorb small spills with an appropriate absorbent material, such as vermiculite or sand, and carefully transfer the material into a suitable container.
For large spills or leaks, contact the appropriate authorities and follow their instructions for cleanup and disposal.

Handling Precautions:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling phenol.
Avoid inhaling phenol vapors and minimize the generation of aerosols.
Use appropriate tools and equipment to handle phenol safely, such as chemical-resistant containers and pumps.


Storage:

Container:
Store phenol in tightly sealed, properly labeled containers made of compatible materials, such as glass or high-density polyethylene (HDPE).
Ensure that containers are in good condition and free from leaks.

Temperature:
Store phenol in a cool, well-ventilated area away from heat sources and direct sunlight.
Maintain storage temperatures below 25°C (77°F) to minimize the risk of volatility and degradation.

Separation:
Store phenol away from incompatible substances, such as strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and alkalis.
Keep phenol containers separated from food, beverages, and animal feed.

Security:
Store phenol in a secure area, out of reach of unauthorized personnel, children, and pets.
Follow local regulations and guidelines for the storage of hazardous chemicals.

Fire Safety:
Store phenol away from ignition sources, flames, and sparks.
Ensure the storage area is equipped with appropriate fire suppression equipment, such as fire extinguishers or sprinkler systems.

Monitoring:
Regularly inspect storage areas for any signs of damage, leaks, or deterioration.
Implement a proper inventory management system to ensure proper rotation and control of stock.



SYNONYMS


Carbolic acid
Hydroxybenzene
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenyl alcohol
Phenic acid
Benzenol
Phenylic acid
Phenic alcohol
Phenylic alcohol
Oxybenzene
Phenylenol
Phenic hydrate
Monophenol
Benzophenol
Monocarbolic acid
Phenylic hydrate
Benzohydroxide
Phenyl hydroxide
Phenolate
Phenoxy alcohol
Phenyl hydroxyl
Phenyl hydroxy
Phenoxyhydrate
Phenoxide
Phenic oxide
Acidum carbolicum
Benzenecol
Benzophenol alcohol
Carbolsäure
Fenol
Fyndol
Hydric acid
Hydroxybenzol
Karbolsyre
Monohydroxybenzol
Monophenol
Oxybenzen
Oxybenzol
Oxybenzenol
Phenic acid
Phenol alcohol
Phenyl hydrate
Phenylic acid
Phenylic alcohol
Phenic acid
Phenic hydrate
Phenic hydrate acid
Phenylic hydrate
Phenylic hydroxide
Phenylic oxide
Phenylethanol
Benzeneol
Phenolene
Phenyl carbinol
Phenic alcohol
Hydroxybenzene
Phenoxyethanol
Benzenemethanol
Phenyl hydrate
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenic acid
Phenylic alcohol
Phenylic hydrate
Phenyl hydroxide
Phenylic oxide
Phenoxybenzene
Phenoxyphenol
Benzyl alcohol
Benzoyl hydroxide
Phenol formaldehyde
Cresylic acid
Hydroxytoluene
Picric acid
Salicylic acid
Catechol

Phenol
CAS No: 108-95-2
Molecular Formula: C6H5OH or C6H6O
Molecular Weight: 94.11



APPLICATIONS


Phenol is used in many industries.
Moreover, Phenol is used for medicine as a slimicide, antiseptic, and disinfectant and to manufacture a number of products.
Phenol was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 billion kg/year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks.

Phenol is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds.
Furthermore, Phenol is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials.
Phenol and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.

The major uses of phenol, consuming two thirds of its production, involve its conversion to precursors for plastics.
Condensation with acetone gives bisphenol-A, a key precursor to polycarbonates and epoxide resins.

Condensation of phenol, alkylphenols, or diphenols with formaldehyde gives phenolic resins, a famous example of which is Bakelite.
Partial hydrogenation of phenol gives cyclohexanone, a precursor to nylon.
Nonionic detergents are produced by alkylation of phenol to give the alkylphenols, e.g., nonylphenol, which are then subjected to ethoxylation.

Phenol is also a versatile precursor to a large collection of drugs, most notably aspirin but also many herbicides and pharmaceutical drugs.
More to that, Phenol is a component in liquid–liquid phenol–chloroform extraction technique used in molecular biology for obtaining nucleic acids from tissues or cell culture samples.
Depending on the pH of the solution either DNA or RNA can be extracted.

Medical uses of Phenol:

Phenol is widely used as an antiseptic.
The use of Phenol was pioneered by Joseph Lister.
From the early 1900s to the 1970s Phenol was used in the production of carbolic soap.

Concentrated phenol liquids are commonly used for permanent treatment of ingrown toe and finger nails, a procedure known as a chemical matrixectomy.
The procedure was first described by Otto Boll in 1945.
Since that time Phenol has become the chemical of choice for chemical matrixectomies performed by podiatrists.

Concentrated liquid phenol can be used topically as a local anesthetic for otology procedures, such as myringotomy and tympanotomy tube placement, as an alternative to general anesthesia or other local anesthetics.
Phenol also has hemostatic and antiseptic qualities that make it ideal for this use.

Phenol spray, usually at 1.4% phenol as an active ingredient, is used medically to treat sore throat.
Further to that, Phenol is the active ingredient in some oral analgesics such as Chloraseptic spray, TCP and Carmex.

Niche uses of Phenol:

Phenol is so inexpensive that it attracts many small-scale uses.
In addition, Phenol is a component of industrial paint strippers used in the aviation industry for the removal of epoxy, polyurethane and other chemically resistant coatings.
Phenol derivatives have been used in the preparation of cosmetics including sunscreens, hair colorings, and skin lightening preparations.

However, due to safety concerns, phenol is banned from use in cosmetic products in the European Union and Canada.
Phenol is a measurable component in the aroma and taste of the distinctive Islay scotch whisky, generally ~30 ppm, but it can be over 160ppm in the malted barley used to produce whisky.
This amount is different from and presumably higher than the amount in the distillate.

The primary use of phenol is in the production of phenolic resins, which are used in the plywood, construction, automotive, and appliance industries.
Other uses of phenol include as a slimicide, as a disinfectant, and in medicinal products such as ear and nose drops, throat lozenges, and mouthwashes.

Phenol is used in organic synthesis and as a disinfectant.
Moreover, Phenol is used mainly as an intermediate for chemicals and resins; Also used in cosmetics, medical preparations, non-agricultural biocides, adhesives, binders, impregnating agents, paints, lacquers, varnishes, solvents, flooring, hardeners, and insulating materials.
Phenol can be used as a flavoring agent.
Other uses of Phenol include reagent in chemical analysis, in germicidal paints and slimicides, as a preservative for pharmaceutical injections, and in human and veterinary medicine.

Other uses of Phenol:

Products placed on the skin for decorative purposes (body paints, markers, glitters, play cosmetics, Halloween cosmetics, and products such as henna)
Bathtub, tile, and toilet surface cleaners
Cleaning products for general household cleaning, which do not fit into a more refined category
Materials used for construction (e.g. flooring, tile, sinks, bathtubs, mirrors, wall materials/drywall, wall-to-wall carpets, insulation, playground surfaces); includes semi-permanent fixtures such as faucets and light fixtures
Toners used in laser printers
Items used to furnish a home or workplace, e.g. tables, chairs, sofa, outdoor patio furniture, sofa cover, hammock, mattress, area rug
General formulation products used for home maintenance, which do not fit into a more refined category
General purpose repair adhesives including all purpose glues, super glue, and epoxies; not including wood glues
Liquid or gels designed to seal cracks or fill cracks and depressions on hard surfaces
Formulation products related to, or used on or for insulation, which do not fit into a more refined category
Paint or stain related products that do not fit into a more refined category
Home improvement paints, excluding or not specified as oil-, solvent-, or water-based paints
Products applied to hard surfaces to remove paints and finishes
Products for coating and protecting household surfaces other than glass, stone, or grout
Products specifically used in a laboratory setting, e.g. laboratory diagnostics or consumables, solvents and reagents used in experiments or laboratory tests, etc. Includes supplies for medical testing. Note that pure chemicals will be included in the 'Raw materials' category.
Products applied to the skin for soothing insect bites
Body cleaners, washes, shower gels
Personal care products intended for use by children, which do not fit into a more specific category
Antiseptic and dental mouthwashes and rinses
Toothpastes and dentrifices
Textile wipes or pads treated with cleansing solution applied to the face to clean or improve the characteristics of skin on the face
Fragrances, colognes, and perfumes
Leave-in everyday hair conditioners and detanglers
Lip products primarily for protection
Shaving creams, foams, balms and soaps
Abrasives
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Antioxidant
Chemical reaction regulator
Fuel agents
Intermediate
Intermediates
Ion exchange agents
Laboratory chemicals
Monomers
Solvent
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
UV stabilizer


Phenol can be used as a general disinfectant, either in soln or mixed with slaked lime, etc., for toilets, stables, cesspools, floors, drains, etc.; for the manuf of colorless or light-colored artificial resins, many medical and industrial organic compds and dyes; as a reagent in chemical analysis.
Furthermore, Phenol is bacteriostatic in concentrations of approx 0.2%, bactericidal above 1%, and fungicidal above 1.3%.
Phenols are widely used in household products and as intermediates for industrial synthesis.

For example, phenol itself is used (in low concentrations) as a disinfectant in household cleaners and in mouthwash.
Phenol may have been the first surgical antiseptic.
In 1865 the British surgeon Joseph Lister used phenol as an antiseptic to sterilize his operating field.
With phenol used in this manner, the mortality rate from surgical amputations fell from 45 to 15 percent in Lister’s ward.

Phenol is quite toxic, however, and concentrated solutions cause severe but painless burns of the skin and mucous membranes.
Less-toxic phenols, such as n-hexylresorcinol, have supplanted phenol itself in cough drops and other antiseptic applications.
Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has a much lower toxicity and is a common antioxidant in foods.

In industry, phenol is used as a starting material to make plastics, explosives such as picric acid, and drugs such as aspirin.
The common phenol hydroquinone is the component of photographic developer that reduces exposed silver bromide crystals to black metallic silver.
Other substituted phenols are used in the dye industry to make intensely coloured azo dyes.
Mixtures of phenols (especially the cresols) are used as components in wood preservatives such as creosote.

Phenol is used as a general disinfectant, as a reagent in chemical analysis and for the manufacture of artificial resins, medical and industrial organic compounds and dyes.
More to that, Phenol is also used in the manufacture of fertilisers, explosives, paints and paint removers, drugs, pharmaceuticals, textiles and coke.
Phenol is produced in large volume, mostly as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals.

The largest single use of phenol is as an intermediate in the production of phenolic resins, which are low-cost, versatile, thermoset resins used in the plywood adhesive, construction, automotive, and appliance industries.
Phenol is also used as an intermediate in the production of caprolactam, which is used to make nylon and other synthetic fibres, and bisphenol A, which is used to make epoxy and other resins.
The primary use of phenol is in the production of phenolic resins, which are used in the plywood, construction, automotive, and appliance industries.

Phenol is also used in the production of caprolactam and bisphenol A, which are intermediates in the manufacture of nylon and epoxy resins, respectively.
Other uses of phenol include as a slimicide, as a disinfectant, and in medicinal products such as ear and nose drops, throat lozenges, and mouthwashes.
Phenol, also known as carbolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound.

Pure phenol is a white crystalline solid that is volatile.
More to that, Phenol is mildly acidic and requires careful handling due to its propensity to cause chemical burns.
Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique distinguishing properties. Unlike in alcohols where the hydroxyl group is bound to a saturated carbon atom, in phenols the hydroxyl group is attached to an unsaturated aromatic (alternating double and single bond) hydrocarbon ring such as benzene.
Consequently, phenols have greater acidity than alcohols due to stabilization of the conjugate base through resonance in the aromatic ring.

Industrial uses of Phenol involve its conversion to plastics or related materials.
In research laboratories phenol, when suspended in chloroform, is commonly used in the extraction of DNA from biological samples.
The liquid-liquid extraction of aqueous samples are mixed with equal volumes of a phenol:chloroform solution.

After combining, the mixture is centrifuged and two immiscible phases form.
The less dense aqueous phase is on top, and the organic phase (phenol:chloroform) is on the bottom.

The proteins will partition into the lower organic phase while the nucleic acids (as well as other contaminants such as salts, sugars, etc.) remain in the upper aqueous phase.
If the mixture is acidic, DNA will precipitate into the organic phase while RNA remains in the aqueous phase due to DNA being more readily neutralized than RNA.
Phenol is most frequently used to produce plastic precursors, accounting for two-thirds of its total production.

Phenol is also a useful precursor to a wide range of medications like aspirin, including several herbicides and pharmaceutical drugs.
In molecular biology, phenol is a component of the liquid-liquid phenol-chloroform extraction method used to extract nucleic acids from tissue or cell culture samples.
Many people use phenol as an antiseptic.

Joseph Lister was the first to use Phenol.
For otology treatments, concentrated liquid phenol can be applied topically as a local anaesthetic.
Due to its low cost, phenol is used for numerous small-scale purposes.

In order to remove epoxy, polyurethane, and other chemically resistant coatings, Phenol is a component of industrial paint strippers used in the aviation sector.
The formulation of cosmetics has utilised phenol derivatives.
Phenol has antiseptic properties, and was used by Sir Joseph Lister (1827-1912) in his pioneering technique of antiseptic surgery, though the skin irritation caused by continual exposure to phenol eventually led to the substitution of aseptic (germ-free) techniques in surgery.

Phenol is also the active ingredient in some oral anesthetics such as Chloraseptic spray.
Further to that, Phenol was also the main ingredient of the Carbolic Smoke Ball, a device sold in London designed to protect the user against influenza and other ailments.
Phenol is also used in the production of drugs (it is the starting material in the industrial production of aspirin), herbicides, and synthetic resins (Bakelite, one of the first synthetic resins to be manufactured, is a polymer of phenol with formaldehyde).

Exposure of the skin to concentrated phenol solutions causes chemical burns which may be severe; in laboratories where it is used, it is usually recommended that polyethylene glycol solution is kept available for washing off splashes.
Washing with large amounts of plain water (most labs have a safety shower or eye-wash) and removal of contaminated clothing are required, and immediate ER treatment for large splashes; particularly if the phenol is mixed with chloroform (a commonly-used mixture in molecular biology for DNA purification).

Notwithstanding the effects of concentrated solutions, it is also used in cosmetic surgery as an exfoliant, to remove layers of dead skin.
Phenol is also used in phenolization, a surgical procedure used to treat an ingrown nail, in which it is applied to the toe to prevent regrowth of nails.

Injections of phenol have occasionally been used as a means of rapid execution.
In particular, phenol was used as a means of extermination by the Nazis during the Second World War.
Phenol injections were given to thousands of people in concentration camps, especially at Auschwitz-Birkenau.

Injections were administered either by medical doctors or by their assistants; such injections were originally given intravenously, more commonly in the arm, but injection directly into the heart, so as to induce nearly instant death, was later preferred.
One of the most famous inmates at Auschwitz to be executed by carbolic acid injection was St. Maximilian Kolbe, a Catholic priest who volunteered to undergo three weeks of starvation and dehydration in the place of another inmate and who was finally injected with carbolic acid so that the Nazis could make more room in their holding cells.
A use of phenol in molecular biology is the separation of genetic material (nucleic acids) (DNA & RNA) from proteins.



DESCRIPTION


Phenol consists of a hydroxyl group and a phenyl group attached to each other.
In addition, Phenol considerably dissolves in water. Earlier it was used as carbolic soap.
Phenol is mildly acidic and is corrosive to the respiratory tract, eyes, and skin.

Phenol is a crystalline solid white in colour and needs to be handled with care as it can cause chemical burns.
Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge discovered Phenol in the year 1834.
Phenol was extracted from coal tar.

Moreover, Phenol is also known as phenolic acid.
If a compound is consisting of a six-membered aromatic ring and bonded to a hydroxyl group directly, then it can be referred to as phenol.

Phenol (C6H6O or C6H5OH) is a colorless to light-pink, crystalline solid with a sweet, acrid odor.
Exposure to phenol may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, and nervous system.
Some symptoms of exposure to phenol are weight loss, weakness, exhaustion, muscle aches, and pain.

Severe exposure can cause liver and/or kidney damage, skin burns, tremor, convulsions, and twitching.
Workers may be harmed from exposure to phenol.
The level of harm depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done.


Phenol is an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Furthermore, Phenol is active against a wide range of micro-organisms including some fungi and viruses, but is only slowly effective against spores.
Phenol has been used to disinfect skin and to relieve itching.

Phenol is also used as an oral analgesic or anesthetic in products such as Chloraseptic to treat pharyngitis.
Additionally, phenol and its related compounds are used in surgical ingrown toenail treatment, a process termed phenolization. Research indicates that parental exposure to phenol and its related compounds are positively associated with spontaneous abortion.
During the second world war, phenol injections were used as a means of execution by the Nazis.

Phenol is a toxic compound whose vapours are corrosive to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
More to that, Phenol (also called carbolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
Phenol is a white crystalline solid that is volatile.

The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH).
Mildly acidic, Phenol requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns.

Phenol is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M).
Homogeneous mixtures of phenol and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible.
The sodium salt of phenol, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble.

In carbon tetrachloride and alkane solvents phenol hydrogen bonds with a wide range of Lewis bases such as pyridine, diethyl ether, and diethyl sulfide.
The enthalpies of adduct formation and the −OH IR frequency shifts accompanying adduct formation have been studied.

Phenol is classified as a hard acid which is compatible with the C/E ratio of the ECW model with EA = 2.27 and CA = 1.07.
The relative acceptor strength of phenol toward a series of bases, versus other Lewis acids, can be illustrated by C-B plots.
Phenol is a strong nucleophile with a nucleophilicity comparable to the one of carbanions or tertiary amines.

Phenol can react at both its oxygen or carbon sites as an ambident nucleophile (see HSAB theory).
Generally, oxygen attack of Phenol is kinetically favored, while carbon-attack is thermodynamically preferred.
Mixed oxygen/carbon attack and by this a loss of selectivity is usually observed if the reaction rate reaches diffusion control.

Phenol exhibits keto-enol tautomerism with its unstable keto tautomer cyclohexadienone, but only a tiny fraction of phenol exists as the keto form.
The equilibrium constant for enolisation is approximately 10−13, which means only one in every ten trillion molecules is in the keto form at any moment.
The small amount of stabilisation gained by exchanging a C=C bond for a C=O bond is more than offset by the large destabilisation resulting from the loss of aromaticity.

Phenol therefore exists essentially entirely in the enol form.
4, 4' Substituted cyclohexadienone can undergo a dienone–phenol rearrangement in acid conditions and form stable 3,4‐disubstituted phenol.
Phenoxides are enolates stabilised by aromaticity.
Under normal circumstances, phenoxide is more reactive at the oxygen position, but the oxygen position is a "hard" nucleophile whereas the alpha-carbon positions tend to be "soft".

Phenol is highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution.
The enhance nucleophilicity is attributed to donation pi electron density from O into the ring.
Many groups can be attached to the ring, via halogenation, acylation, sulfonation, and related processes.

Phenol's ring is so strongly activated that bromination and chlorination lead readily to polysubstitution.
Further to that, Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, additional nitro groups are introduced, e.g. to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.

Phenol is both a manufactured chemical and a natural substance.
In addition, Phenol is a colorless-to-white solid when pure.
The commercial product is a liquid.

Phenol has a distinct odor that is sickeningly sweet and tarry.
You can taste and smell phenol at levels lower than those that are associated with harmful effects.
Phenol evaporates more slowly than water, and a moderate amount can form a solution with water.

Phenol can catch fire.
Moreover, Phenol is used primarily in the production of phenolic resins and in the manufacture of nylon and other synthetic fibers.
Phenol is also used in slimicides (chemicals that kill bacteria and fungi in slimes), as a disinfectant and antiseptic, and in medicinal preparations such as mouthwash and sore throat lozenges.

Phenol, liquid appears as a colorless liquid when pure, otherwise pink or red. Combustible.
Flash point of Phenol is 175 °F.
Phenol must be heated before ignition may occur easily.

Vapors of Phenol are heavier than air.
Phenol is corrosive to skin but because of anesthetic qualities will numb rather than burn.
Upon contact with Phenol, skin may turn white.

Phenol may be lethal by skin absorption.
Furthermore, Phenol does not react with water.
Phenol is stable in normal transportation.

Phenol is reactive with various chemicals and may be corrosive to lead, aluminum and its alloys, certain plastics, and rubber.
Freezing point of Phenol is about 105 °F.

Density of Phenol is 8.9 lb / gal.
Phenol is used to make plastics, adhesives and other chemicals.

Phenol is hydroxybenzene; Carbolic Acid.
More to that, Phenol is used as a germicidal agent and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Phenol is highly toxic; corrosive to the skin.

Phenol causes local and systemic toxic effects upon entering the body via ingestion, skin absorption (of any phase) or inhalation. Locally, phenol may result in irritation of the nose, throat and eyes, and skin burns.
Acute poisoning causes an increased respiration rate, followed by a decreased respiration rate, decreased body temperature, cyanosis, muscular weakness, weak or occasionally rapid pulse and coma.

Death is usually the result of respiratory failure.
Chronic exposure to phenol is typified by systemic problems.

These include vertigo, digestive difficulties, skin eruptions, nervous problems and headaches.
Death may occur when liver or kidney problems become severe.



PROPERTIES


Molecular Weight: 94.11
XLogP3: 1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 94.041864811
Monoisotopic Mass: 94.041864811
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 46.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 181.8°C
Melting Point: 40.9°C
Vapour Pressure: 0.36 mm Hg at 20°C
Flash Point: 78.9°C



FIRST AID


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids.
Remove contact lenses, if worn, while flushing. Seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:

Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of water.
Seek medical attention.

Inhalation:

Remove the person from exposure.
Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.
Transfer promptly to a medical facility.
Medical observation is recommended for 24 to 48 hours after overexposure, as pulmonary edema may be delayed.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Prior to working with Phenol you should be trained on its proper handling and storage.
Phenol is corrosive to COPPER, BRASS and STAINLESS STEELS.

Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from LIGHT and AIR.
Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where Phenol is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion hazard.



SYNONYMS


phenol
108-95-2
carbolic acid
Hydroxybenzene
Phenic acid
Oxybenzene
Phenylic acid
Phenylic alcohol
Benzenol
Monophenol
Phenyl hydrate
Phenyl hydroxide
PhOH
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenyl alcohol
Paoscle
Phenole
Izal
Phenol alcohol
Phenol, liquefied
Acide carbolique
Phenosmolin
Fenolo
Phenol homopolymer
Benzene, hydroxy-
Carbolsaure
Fenosmolin
Fenosmoline
Fenol
Liquid phenol
Carbolic oil
Liquefied phenol
Phenol, pure
Fenolo [Italian]
Phenole [German]
Rcra waste number U188
Campho-Phenique Gel
Phenol [JAN]
Phenic
Carbolsaure [German]
Campho-Phenique Liquid
NCI-C50124
Liquified Phenol
Phenol, molten
Baker's P & S liquid & Ointment
Carbolicum acidum
Fenol [Dutch, Polish]
Baker's P and S Liquid and Ointment
Monohydroxy benzene
Phenol, sulfurated
Un 2812 (solution)
UN 2312 (molten)
Acide carbolique [French]
UN 1671 (solid)
NSC 36808
Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Gel
Anbesol
Phenic alcohol
Synthetic phenol
2-allphenol
Phenol, dimer
RCRA waste no. U188
Phenol, liquified
MFCD00002143
UN1671
UN2312
UN2821
AI3-01814
NSC-36808
CHEMBL14060
339NCG44TV
DTXSID5021124
CHEBI:15882
Phenol (or solutions with 5% or more phenol)
ENT-1814
27073-41-2
Phenol, solid [UN1671] [Poison]
Phenol, molten [UN2312] [Poison]
NCGC00091454-04
Phenol solutions [UN2821] [Poison]
DSSTox_CID_1124
Phenol, >=99.0%
DSSTox_RID_75955
DSSTox_GSID_21124
17442-59-0
61788-41-8
Caswell No. 649
phenylalcohol
hydroxy benzene
Phenol 100 microg/mL in Methanol
Phenol, liquid
Phenol, solid
Baker's p and s
CAS-108-95-2
CCRIS 504
FEMA No. 3223
HSDB 113
(14C)Phenol
Phenol [USP:JAN]
PHENOL (2,3,4,5,6-D5)
EINECS 203-632-7
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064001
arenols
UNII-339NCG44TV
Benzophenol
Carbolsaeure
Karbolsaeure
Extracts, coal tar oil alk.
acide phenique
Hydroxy-benzene
Phenol solution
Phenol liquid
Phenol molten
Phenol solutions
Phenol synthetic
Phenol,liquified
Phenolated water
Pandy's reagent
Cepastat lozenges
Phenol, labeled with carbon-14
Phenol (liquid)
2-phenyl alcohol
Phenol, synthetic
Phenol, ultrapure
Phenol ACS grade
EINECS 262-972-4
Paoscle (TN)
Carbolic acid liquid
Phenol polymer-bound
Phenol (Granulated)
Phenol (TN)
Phenol,(S)
Phenol, ACS reagent
Carbolic acid, liquid
1ai7
1li2
4i7l
Liquefied phenol (TN)
PHENOL [VANDF]
PHENOL [FHFI]
PHENOL [HSDB]
PHENOL [IARC]
PHENOL [INCI]
Phenol (JP17/USP)
PHENOL [USP-RS]
PHENOL [WHO-DD]
Phenol, detached crystals
PHENOL [II]
PHENOL [MI]
Phenol, >=99%
PHENOL [MART.]
WLN: QR
Liquefied phenol (JP17)
bmse000290
bmse010026
C6H5OH
Fenol(DUTCH, POLISH)
EC 203-632-7
PHENOL, 80% in ethanol
Phenol, LR, >=99%
63496-48-0
65996-83-0
MLS001065591
Phenol, for molecular biology
BIDD:ER0293
PHENOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
Phenol for disinfection (TN)
Phenol, natural, 97%, FG
PHENOL [USP MONOGRAPH]
Cuticura pain relieving ointment
CARBOLICUM ACIDUM [HPUS]
Phenol, AR, >=99.5%
PHENOL,LIQUIFIED [VANDF]
BDBM26187
CHEBI:33853
Phenol for disinfection (JP17)
Phenolated water for disinfection
Salicylic acid related compound c
3f39
Phenol 10 microg/mL in Methanol
Phenol solution, 1.0 M in THF
NSC36808
ZINC5133329
Phenol, Glass Distilled Under Argon
Tox21_201639
Tox21_300042
Phenol 5000 microg/mL in Methanol
phenol;phenol [jan];phenol, pure;phenol phenol [jan] phenol, pure
STL194294
AKOS000119025
Tox21_113463_1
DB03255
NA 2821
Phenol, BioXtra, >=99.5% (GC)
Phenol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%
UN 1671
UN 2312
UN 2821
NCGC00091454-01
NCGC00091454-02
NCGC00091454-03
NCGC00091454-05
NCGC00091454-06
NCGC00091454-07
NCGC00254019-01
NCGC00259188-01
Phenol solution, 1 M in dichloromethane
Phenol, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
73607-76-8
AM802906
BP-30160
METHYL SALICYLATE IMPURITY B [EP]
SMR000568492
Phenol 1000 microg/mL in Dichloromethane
Phenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
Liquified Phenol (contains 7-10 % water)
METACRESOL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
FT-0645154
FT-0673707
FT-0693833
P1610
P2771
Phenol stock solution, 100 mg/dL, standard
C00146
D00033
Phenol, unstabilized, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
SALICYLIC ACID IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
HEXYLRESORCINOL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
Phenol, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.5-100.5%
Phenol, >=96.0% (calc. on dry substance, T)
Q130336
J-610001
Phenol, for molecular biology, ~90% (T), liquid
F1908-0106
Phenol, unstabilized, purified by redistillation, >=99%
SALICYLIC ACID RELATED COMPOUND C [USP IMPURITY]
Phenol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (GC)
Phenol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Liquified Phenol, meets USP testing specifications, >=89.0%
Phenol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, TE-saturated, ~73% (T)
Phenol solution, 5000 mug/mL in methanol, certified reference material
Phenol solution, certified reference material, 500 mug/mL in methanol
Phenol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.0-100.5%
p-Hydroxy polystyrene (100-200 mesh, 0.5-1.5 mmol/g)@CRLFMFCD03703209
Phenol solution, 100 mug/mL in acetonitrile, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
Phenol, contains hypophosphorous as stabilizer, loose crystals, ACS reagent, >=99.0%
Phenol, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.5-100.5% (GC)
Phenol solution, BioReagent, Equilibrated with 10??mM Tris HCl, pH??8.0, 1??mM EDTA, for molecular biology
Phenol solution, BioReagent, Saturated with 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH??4.3 +/- 0.2, for molecular biology
Phenol, polymer-bound, 100-200 mesh, extent of labeling: 0.5-1.5 mmol/g loading, 1 % cross-linked with divinylbenzene
Phenol, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, >=99.5% (GC), crystalline (detached)

cas no 98-67-9 p-Hydroxybenzenesulfonic Acid; Phenolsulfonic acid; Phenol-4-sulfonic acid; 4-Phenolsulfonic Acid;

Phenol (phenolic acid), also known as carbolic acid, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound that consists of a phenyl group (C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH).
Phenol (phenolic acid) is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and has a distinct, sweet, and medicinal odor.

CAS Number: 108-95-2
EC Number: 203-632-7
Molecular Formula: C6H6O



APPLICATIONS


Phenol (phenolic acid) is a crucial chemical intermediate used in the production of various industrial chemicals.
Phenol (phenolic acid) serves as a precursor in the synthesis of important chemicals like bisphenol A and caprolactam.
Phenolic resins, derived from phenol, find extensive applications as adhesives and coatings.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is a key building block in the manufacturing of polycarbonates, which are widely used in plastics.
Epoxy resins, essential in coatings, adhesives, and electronic components, are produced using phenol.
Polyurethane foams, commonly found in mattresses and insulation, incorporate phenol in their production.

Phenol (phenolic acid) has been historically used as an antiseptic and disinfectant in medical and healthcare settings.
In the pharmaceutical industry, phenol is utilized in the synthesis of various drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the production of certain analgesics and antiseptics for topical use.

Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the textile industry for the production of dyes and pigments.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the synthesis of herbicides and insecticides in the agricultural sector.

In wood preservation, phenolic compounds derived from phenol are applied to protect against decay and pests.
Laboratory research often involves the use of phenol as a reagent in various chemical reactions.
The sweet and medicinal odor of phenol contributes to its use in certain pharmaceutical formulations.
Phenol (phenolic acid) finds applications in the production of resorcinol, a chemical used in the rubber industry.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has been studied for its potential use in the synthesis of specialty polymers.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the formulation of certain types of disinfectants and sanitizing solutions.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the production of phenolic antioxidants used in rubber and plastics.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of antioxidants for use in the food and cosmetic industries.

In the production of nylon, phenol is used in the synthesis of caprolactam, a key precursor.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is utilized in the manufacturing of laminates, which find applications in construction and electrical industries.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the production of resins for bonding and coating materials in the construction sector.

Certain phenolic compounds derived from phenol are used in the formulation of hair dyes.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the production of certain specialty chemicals and intermediates.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is integral to the synthesis of diverse materials with applications ranging from textiles to construction.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is a vital component in the production of laminates and coatings used in electrical applications.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the synthesis of phenolic foams, which are used as insulation materials.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the manufacturing of flame retardants for textiles and plastics.
In the rubber industry, Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the production of resins for adhesives and rubber reinforcement.

Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the synthesis of alkylphenols, which are used in the production of detergents.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is utilized in the formulation of certain types of disinfectants for medical and household purposes.
In the electronics industry, phenol is used in the production of printed circuit boards.
Phenolic compounds derived from phenol are used in the formulation of hair care products.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of certain types of antioxidants for rubber and plastics.
Phenol (phenolic acid) finds applications in the production of specialty chemicals for the oil and gas industry.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, including analgesics and antiseptics.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is a key component in the production of alkylphenol ethoxylates, used in surfactants and detergents.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is utilized in the manufacturing of resins for coatings and adhesives in the construction industry.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the production of synthetic fibers, such as nylon and aramid fibers.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of resins used in the production of molded parts and components.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the formulation of phenolic antioxidants for stabilizing polymers and plastics.
In the automotive industry, phenol is utilized in the production of certain types of plastics and composites.
Phenolic compounds are used in the formulation of abrasives and grinding materials.

Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the synthesis of resins for impregnating and reinforcing materials like paper and textiles.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the production of chemicals for water treatment and purification processes.
In the cosmetics industry, Phenol (phenolic acid) finds applications in the formulation of certain skincare products.
Phenolic resins are used in the production of coatings for cans and containers in the packaging industry.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of flame retardants for polyurethane foams.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the manufacturing of corrosion inhibitors for metals.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the formulation of resins for wood adhesives and laminates in the woodworking industry.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is a key component in the production of phenolic molding compounds used in engineering applications.
Phenol (phenolic acid) finds applications in the formulation of resins for the production of insulating materials.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is utilized in the synthesis of certain types of plasticizers for enhancing the flexibility of plastics.
In the field of medicine, phenol has been used for its local anesthetic properties, especially in nerve block procedures.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the formulation of antiseptic and disinfectant solutions for skin and surface sanitization.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the synthesis of resins for the production of friction materials like brake linings.
Phenol (phenolic acid) finds applications in the manufacturing of components for the aerospace industry, such as composite materials.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is a precursor in the synthesis of salicylic acid, an important ingredient in some skincare products.
In the oil and gas industry, it is used in the production of drilling fluids and corrosion inhibitors.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of resorcinol, a chemical used in the rubber industry.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is utilized in the formulation of ink and dye additives for the printing and textile industries.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the synthesis of certain flame retardants used in textiles and upholstery.

In the field of chromatography, phenol is used as a mobile phase component for separating compounds.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of alkylated phenols used in the production of detergents.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the manufacturing of photochemicals for applications in photography.
Phenol (phenolic acid) finds applications in the synthesis of antioxidants for extending the shelf life of certain products.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the formulation of specialty chemicals used in the electronics and semiconductor industries.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the production of resins for coatings applied to metals and other surfaces.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the synthesis of chemicals used in the purification of gases and liquids.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the formulation of wood preservatives to protect against decay and insects.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the synthesis of resins for the production of fiber-reinforced composites.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the formulation of chemicals used in the treatment of wastewater.

In the field of analytical chemistry, phenol is utilized in various assays and testing procedures.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of specialty polymers with unique properties for specific applications.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the formulation of chemicals for the preservation of certain historical artifacts.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is utilized in the synthesis of resins for the production of insulating materials in electrical applications.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the manufacturing of adhesives and sealants used in construction and woodworking.

Phenolic compounds derived from phenol are employed in the formulation of corrosion inhibitors for metal protection.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the production of specialty chemicals for the petrochemical and oil refining industries.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the formulation of additives for lubricants and hydraulic fluids.

In the realm of cosmetics, phenol finds use in the formulation of certain skincare and haircare products.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of resins used in the impregnation of papers for the production of laminates.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of carbon black, a material widely used in tire production.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the production of resins for the coating of cans and containers in the packaging industry.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the formulation of antioxidants for preventing oxidative degradation in polymers.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of resins used in the production of carbon fiber-reinforced composites.

Phenol (phenolic acid) finds use in the production of chemicals for water treatment, including disinfection and purification.
In the realm of agriculture, phenol is used in the synthesis of certain pesticides and herbicides.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the formulation of specialty chemicals for the leather and textile industries.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the production of resins for the bonding of abrasive materials in grinding applications.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the formulation of chemicals for soil treatment and improvement in agricultural practices.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the synthesis of antioxidants and stabilizers for rubber products.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is utilized in the production of resins for the impregnation of fibers in the textile industry.
In the field of analytical chemistry, phenol is used in various assays and tests for detecting and quantifying substances.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the manufacturing of resins for the production of composite materials in automotive applications.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the synthesis of resins for the coating of metal surfaces in industrial settings.
Phenolic compounds derived from phenol are used in the formulation of specialty chemicals for personal care products.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is employed in the synthesis of specialty polymers used in the development of advanced materials.
Phenol (phenolic acid) finds use in the formulation of chemicals for the preservation of wooden structures and artifacts.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is used in the production of resins for the bonding and sealing of components in various industries.



DESCRIPTION


Phenol (phenolic acid), also known as carbolic acid, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is an aromatic organic compound that consists of a phenyl group (C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH).
Phenol (phenolic acid) is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and has a distinct, sweet, and medicinal odor.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is a precursor to many industrial chemicals and is an important building block in the production of various plastics, resins, and pharmaceuticals.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has antiseptic properties and has historically been used as a disinfectant.

Phenol (phenolic acid), also known as carbolic acid, is an aromatic organic compound.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is composed of a phenyl group bonded to a hydroxyl group, represented by the chemical formula C6H5OH.
At room temperature, phenol appears as a white crystalline solid.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has a distinct, sweet, and medicinal odor.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is soluble in water and many organic solvents.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has a melting point of approximately 40.5°C and a boiling point of around 181.7°C.

With a molecular weight of about 94.11 g/mol, phenol is relatively small in size.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is widely used as a chemical intermediate in various industrial processes.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is a precursor to the production of important chemicals such as bisphenol A and caprolactam.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is a building block in the synthesis of phenolic resins, which have numerous applications.
In addition to its industrial uses, phenol has historically been employed as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
The sweet odor of phenol is distinctive and can be recognized in certain pharmaceuticals.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has applications in the production of plastics, including polycarbonates and epoxy resins.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is a key ingredient in the manufacturing of polyurethane foams.
Phenol (phenolic acid) plays a role in the preservation of wood, where phenolic compounds derived from it are utilized.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has been studied for its diverse reactions in organic chemistry.

Phenol (phenolic acid) is commonly used as a laboratory reagent in various chemical experiments.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has a density of approximately 1.07 g/cm³.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has been utilized historically for its antiseptic properties in medical settings.

Phenol (phenolic acid) has been integral in the development of certain pharmaceutical drugs.
In the textile industry, phenol is used in the production of dyes and pigments.

Due to its toxicity, phenol should be handled with care, and safety precautions should be followed.
Phenol (phenolic acid) has been employed in the synthesis of specialty chemicals and intermediates.
Phenol (phenolic acid) is an important compound with a wide range of applications in industry and research.
The CAS Registry Number for phenol is 108-95-2, and its EC Number is 203-632-7.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C6H5OH
Molecular Weight: Approximately 94.11 g/mol
Physical State: White crystalline solid
Odor: Sweet and medicinal
Solubility: Soluble in water and many organic solvents
Melting Point: Approximately 40.5°C (104.9°F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 181.7°C (359.1°F)
Density: Approximately 1.07 g/cm³
Flash Point: 79°C (174°F)
Vapor Pressure: 0.47 mmHg at 25°C
pH: 5.0 (aqueous solution)
Refractive Index: 1.543 at 20°C
Viscosity: 2.27 mPa·s at 20°C
Heat of Vaporization: 51.2 kJ/mol
Heat of Combustion: -3057 kJ/mol
Autoignition Temperature: 715°C (1,319°F)
Critical Temperature: 666°C (1,231°F)
Critical Pressure: 7.66 MPa (76.6 bar)
Critical Density: 0.290 g/cm³
Molecular Structure: Consists of a phenyl group (C6H5) bonded to a hydroxyl group (OH).
Electron Configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5
Surface Tension: 47.5 mN/m at 25°C
Thermal Conductivity: 0.139 W/(m·K) at 25°C
Flammability: Combustible; may emit toxic fumes when burned.
Toxicity: Toxic if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin; can cause irritation.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If phenol vapors are inhaled, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Ensure proper respiratory protection for the rescuer.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, even if symptoms seem minor.
If breathing difficulties persist, administer artificial respiration.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Quickly remove any clothing that has come into contact with phenol.
Cut rather than pull the clothing to minimize skin exposure.

Wash Skin Thoroughly:
Wash the affected skin area with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use a mild soap if available.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, especially for severe exposure or if irritation persists.
Bring the SDS or product information for medical professionals.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
Immediately flush the eyes with gentle, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek assistance to ensure thorough flushing.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, and bring the SDS or product information to the healthcare provider.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, and provide the medical personnel with information about the substance ingested.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a NIOSH-approved mask, if handling phenol in conditions where vapor exposure is possible.

Ventilation:
Use phenol in a well-ventilated area, and consider the use of local exhaust ventilation systems to control airborne concentrations.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of vapors or mists.
Handle phenol with caution to minimize the risk of spills and splashes.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling phenol, even if gloves were used.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance.

Equipment:
Use equipment made of materials that are compatible with phenol.
Ensure that all equipment is in good condition and free from leaks.

Spill Response:
Have appropriate spill response measures in place, including absorbent materials and spill kits.
Train personnel on proper spill response procedures.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers holding phenol with hazard information and handling precautions.
Follow all labeling requirements according to local regulations.

Training:
Provide training to personnel handling phenol, covering safety procedures, emergency response, and the use of personal protective equipment.

Prohibited Activities:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where phenol is handled.
Avoid the use of open flames, sparks, or smoking in the vicinity of phenol.

Spontaneous Polymerization:
Be aware that phenol can undergo spontaneous polymerization under certain conditions.
Follow guidelines to prevent this occurrence.


Storage:

Container:
Store phenol in tightly sealed containers made of materials resistant to the substance.
Ensure containers are labeled with appropriate hazard information.

Location:
Store phenol in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
Keep away from sources of heat, open flames, and direct sunlight.

Temperature:
Store phenol at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer or within specified temperature limits.

Incompatibilities:
Avoid storing phenol with incompatible substances.
Consult the SDS for information on incompatible materials.

Handling Precautions:
Follow proper handling precautions during storage to prevent spills or leaks.

Segregation:
Segregate phenol from incompatible substances based on storage compatibility.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure the availability of emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations and safety showers, in the storage area.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage areas with appropriate hazard information and access restrictions.

Fire Precautions:
Implement fire precautions in storage areas.
Store away from ignition sources.

Regular Inspections:
Regularly inspect storage areas for signs of leaks, spills, or container degradation.



SYNONYMS


Carbolic acid
Hydroxybenzene
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenic acid
Phenyl alcohol
Phenyl hydroxide
Benzophenol
Hydroxybenzene
Benzenol
Monophenol
Oxybenzene
Monosol
Monophenol
Phenylic acid
Hydric acid
Monobenzene
Monohydroxybenzene
Monophenyl alcohol
Carbolic oil
Dowicide 1
Dihydroxybenzene
Phenole
Acidum carbolicum
Hydroxybenzene
Hydric acid
Hydroxybenzene
Benzyl alcohol
Benzeneol
Benzophenol
Carbolic alcohol
Dihydroxybenzene
Fenol
Monophenol
Oxybenzene
Phenyl hydroxide
Phenic acid
Phenylic acid
Benzenol
Hydroxybenzene
Phenyl alcohol
Monohydroxybenzene
Monobenzene
Monophenyl alcohol
Monosol
Acidum carbolicum
Hydroxybenzene
Phenic acid
Monophenol
Monobenzene
Benzenol
Benzenol
Benzoyl hydride
Hydroxybenzene
Monohydroxybenzene
Phenic acid
Benzene alcohol
Benzyl alcohol
Phenyl hydrate
Monophenol
Oxybenzene
Phenyl hydroxide
Phenylol
Phenoxide
Phenylic acid
Phenyloxide
Hydroxybenzene
Monophenyl alcohol
Monosol
Benzohydroxide
Benzenediol
Monophenyl ether
Monobenzene
Benzenemethanol
Benzene monohydroxide
Hydroxybenzene

Phenol Crystal is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Phenol Crystal is a white crystalline, aromatic organic compound that is volatile.


CAS Number: 108-95-2
EC Number: 203-632-7
MDL Number: MFCD00002143
Molar Mass: 94.11 g/mol
Chemical Formula: C₆H₅OH
Hill Formula: C₆H₆O



SYNONYMS:
Hydroxybenzene, Carbolic acid, carbolic acid, hydroxybenzene, phenic acid, phenylic acid, oxybenzene, benzenol, phenyl hydrate, monophenol, phenyl hydroxide, phenylic alcohol, phenol, 108-95-2, carbolic acid, Hydroxybenzene, Phenic acid, Oxybenzene, Benzenol, Phenylic acid, Phenylic alcohol, Monophenol, Phenyl hydrate, Phenyl hydroxide, PhOH, Monohydroxybenzene, Paoscle, Phenole, Izal, Phenyl alcohol, Phenol alcohol, Acide carbolique, Phenol, liquefied, Fenolo, Carbolsaure, Phenosmolin, Fenol, Liquid phenol, Phenol, pure, Benzene, hydroxy-, Rcra waste number U188, Liquefied phenol, Liquified Phenol, Carbolicum acidum, NCI-C50124, Campho-Phenique Gel, phenylalcohol, UN 2312 (molten), Phenol [JAN], UN 1671 (solid), Phenic, Caswell No. 649, Campho-Phenique Liquid, Phenol, molten, 2-allphenol, Baker's P & S liquid & Ointment, Fenol [Dutch, Polish], NSC 36808, Phenol, liquified, Baker's P and S Liquid and Ointment, Monohydroxy benzene, CCRIS 504, Campho-Phenique Cold Sore Gel, Carbolsaeure, FEMA No. 3223, Karbolsaeure, HSDB 113, acide phenique, DTXSID5021124, Phenic alcohol, Phenol, liquified, Synthetic phenol, Phenol, dimer, AI3-01814, RCRA waste no. U188, EINECS 203-632-7, UNII-339NCG44TV, MFCD00002143, NSC-36808, UN1671, UN2312, UN2821, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064001, 339NCG44TV, CHEBI:15882, Phenol [USP:JAN], ENT-1814, Phenol-3,5-d2, 27073-41-2, CHEMBL14060, DTXCID501124, EC 203-632-7, NSC36808, Phenol, Glass Distilled Under Argon, 65996-83-0, Phenol, solid [UN1671], Phenol (USP:JAN), Phenol, molten [UN2312], NCGC00091454-04, Fenosmoline, Fenosmolin, PHENOL (IARC), PHENOL [IARC], PHENOL (USP-RS), PHENOL [USP-RS], PHENOL (II), PHENOL [II], PHENOL (MART.), PHENOL [MART.], Phenol, >=99.0%, 17442-59-0, PHENOL (EP MONOGRAPH), PHENOL [EP MONOGRAPH], PHENOL (USP MONOGRAPH), PHENOL [USP MONOGRAPH], Carbol, hydroxy benzene, Phenol 100 microg/mL in Methanol, Phenol, liquid, Phenol, solid, Baker's p and s, Phenol, sulfurated, CAS-108-95-2, METACRESOL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY), METACRESOL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], (14C)Phenol, HEXYLRESORCINOL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY), HEXYLRESORCINOL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY], PHENOL (2,3,4,5,6-D5), arenols, Benzophenol, Karbolsaure, Phylorinol, Ulcerease, Hydroxy-benzene, Phenol liquid, Phenol molten, Fungus Fighte, Phenol synthetic, Pandy's reagent, Cepastat lozenges, Fortinia ID, Phenol, labeled with carbon-14, Acidum Carbolicum, Phenol (liquid), 2-phenyl alcohol, Sore ThroatCherry, Phenol, synthetic, Phenol, ultrapure, ABC Sore Throat, HEB Sore Throat, Phenol ACS grade, RugbyCherry Flavor, Sore ThroatMenthol, Sore Throat Spray, Meijer Sore Throat, Sore Throat Cherry, Sore Throat Relief, Liquefied phenol BP, Paoscle (TN), Topcare Sore Throat, Carbolic acid liquid, Phenol (TN), Phenol,(S), TopCareCherry Flavor, Phenol, ACS reagent, PUBLIX Sore Throat, Carbolic acid, liquid, CepastatExtra Strength, Walgreens Sore Throat, 63496-48-0, Sore Throat, Vortex Moisturizer Oral, 1ai7, 1li2, 4i7l, Liquefied phenol (TN), DRx Choice Sore Throat, PHENOL [VANDF], Wild Horse 777 Oral, PHENOL [FHFI], PHENOL [HSDB], PHENOL [INCI], Sore Throat ReliefCherry, Castellani Paint 1.5%, Phenol (JP17/USP), PHENOL [WHO-DD], Phenol, detached crystals, Pain RelievingPetro Carbo, PHENOL [MI], Phenol, >=99%, Sore Throat ReliefMenthol, WLN: QR, Good Neighbor Sore Throat, Liquefied phenol (JP17), bmse000290, bmse010026, C6H5OH, Fenol(DUTCH, POLISH), NICE SORE THROAT Cherry, PHENOL, 80% in ethanol, Phenol, LR, >=99%, Phen-2,4,6-d3-ol-d, HEB Sore ThroatCherry Flavor, MLS001065591, Phenol (CGA 73330), Phenol, for molecular biology, BIDD:ER0293, Phenol for disinfection (TN), ABC Sore ThroatMenthol Flavor, HEB Sore ThroatMenthol Flavor, NICE SORE THROAT Spearmint, Phenol, natural, 97%, FG, CHLORASEPTIC SORE THROAT, Chloraseptic Sore Throat Cherry, Chloraseptic Sore Throat Citrus, Cuticura pain relieving ointment, Sore Throat ReliefCherry Flavor, CARBOLICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], Phenol, AR, >=99.5%, PHENOL,LIQUIFIED [VANDF], BDBM26187, CHEBI:33853, Phenol for disinfection (JP17), Topcare Sore ThroatMenthol Flavor, 3f39, Phenol 10 microg/mL in Methanol, PUBLIX Sore ThroatMenthol Flavor, Walgreens Sore ThroatCherry Flavor, phenol 0.6% anesthetic oral rinse, Tox21_113463, Tox21_201639, Tox21_300042, DRx Choice Sore ThroatMenthol Flavor, Phenol 5000 microg/mL in Methanol, AKOS000119025, Eos Medicated Pain Relieving Lip Balm, Tox21_113463_1, DB03255, Good Neighbor Sore ThroatCherry Flavor, NA 2821, Phenol, BioXtra, >=99.5% (GC), Phenol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%, UN 1671, UN 2312, UN 2821, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 064001, NCGC00091454-01, NCGC00091454-02, NCGC00091454-03, NCGC00091454-05, NCGC00091454-06, NCGC00091454-07, NCGC00254019-01, NCGC00259188-01, Phenol, JIS special grade, >=99.0%, 61788-41-8, 73607-76-8, AM802906, BP-30160, METHYL SALICYLATE IMPURITY B [EP], SMR000568492, Phenol 1000 microg/mL in Dichloromethane, Phenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, Liquified Phenol (contains 7-10 % water), NS00010045, P1610, P2771, EN300-19432, C00146, D00033, Phenol, unstabilized, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.0%, SALICYLIC ACID IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY], Phenol, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.5-100.5%, PUBLIX Sore Throat Fast Relief Oral Anesthetic, Q130336, CVS Health Sore Throat Fast Relief Oral Anesthetic, J-610001, Phenol, for molecular biology, ~90% (T), liquid, A13-01814, F1908-0106, Phenol, unstabilized, purified by redistillation, >=99%, Z104473830, InChI=1/C6H6O/c7-6-4-2-1-3-5-6/h1-5,7, Phenol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.5% (GC), Phenol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Liquified Phenol, meets USP testing specifications, >=89.0%, Phenol, BioUltra, for molecular biology, TE-saturated, ~73% (T), phenol;phenol [jan];phenol, pure;phenol phenol [jan] phenol, pure, Phenol, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.0-100.5%, Phenol, contains hypophosphorous as stabilizer, loose crystals, ACS reagent, >=99.0%, Phenol, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99.5-100.5% (GC), Phenol, puriss., meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, >=99.5% (GC), crystalline (detached), Carbolic Acid, Phenyl, Hydrate, Phenylic Acid, Carbolic acid, Phenic acid, Phenylic acid, Hydroxybenzene, Phenol, fused, Monohydroxybenzene, Phenol, solid



Phenol Crystal is a natural product found in Aspergillus violaceofuscus, Scrophularia buergeriana, and other organisms with data available.
Phenol Crystal is hydroxybenzene; Carbolic Acid.
Phenol Crystal, is a colourless crystalline solid with a sweet tarry odor that resembles a hospital smell.


Phenol Crystal is an antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.
Phenol Crystal appears as a colorless liquid when pure, otherwise pink or red.
Flash point of Phenol Crystal is175 °F.


Phenol Crystal must be heated before ignition may occur easily.
Phenol Crystal vapors are heavier than air.
Phenol Crystal does not react with water.


Phenol Crystal is stable in normal transportation.
Phenol Crystal is reactive with various chemicals and may be corrosive to lead, aluminum and its alloys, certain plastics, and rubber.
Freezing point of Phenol Crystal is about 105 °F.


Density of Phenol Crystal is 8.9 lb / gal.
Phenol Crystal is a white crystalline mass dissolved in an aqueous solution.
Solution may be colorless to slightly pink in color with a distinctive Phenol Crystal odor; sharp burning taste.


Aqueous solution of Phenol Crystal will be acidic and act as such.
Phenol Crystal, solid appears as a solid melting at 110 °F.
Phenol Crystal is a colorless if pure, otherwise pink or red.


Phenol Crystal, molten is a white crystalline solid shipped at an elevated temperature to form a semi-solid.
Phenol Crystal is very hot and may cause burns from contact and also may cause the ignition of combustible materials.
Phenol Crystal is formed by bonding the OH ⁻ molecule to the benzene ring.


Phenol Crystals are aromatic compounds in which one or more hydroxyl groups are attached to the aromatic ring.
In its pure form, Phenol Crystal is a colorless or white to slightly pink crystalline solid.
Phenol Crystal (also known as carbolic acid, phenolic acid, or benzenol) is an aromatic organic compound with the molecular formula C6H5OH.


Phenol Crystal is a white crystalline solid that is volatile.
The molecule consists of a phenyl group (−C6H5) bonded to a hydroxy group (−OH).
Mildly acidic, Phenol Crystal requires careful handling because it can cause chemical burns.


Phenol Crystal is primarily used to synthesize plastics and related materials.
Phenol Crystal and its chemical derivatives are essential for production of polycarbonates, epoxies, explosives, Bakelite, nylon, detergents, herbicides such as phenoxy herbicides, and numerous pharmaceutical drugs.


Phenol Crystal is both a manufactured chemical and a natural substance.
Phenol Crystal is a colorless-to-white solid when pure.
The commercial product is a liquid.


Phenol Crystal has a distinct odor that is sickeningly sweet and tarry.
You can taste and smell Phenol Crystal at levels lower than those that are associated with harmful effects.
Phenol Crystal evaporates more slowly than water, and a moderate amount can form a solution with water.


Phenol Crystal is an organic hydroxy compound that consists of benzene bearing a single hydroxy substituent.
Phenol Crystal has a role as a disinfectant, an antiseptic drug, a human xenobiotic metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Phenol Crystal is a conjugate acid of a phenolate.


Phenol Crystal is an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Phenol Crystal is active against a wide range of micro-organisms including some fungi and viruses, but is only slowly effective against spores.
Phenol Crystal is an organic compound that has the molecular structure of C6H5OH.


Phenol Crystal is an extremely volatile white crystalline solid that is mildly acidic.
The major uses of Phenol Crystal, consuming two thirds of its production, involve its conversion to plastics or related materials.
Condensation with acetone gives bisphenol-A, a key precursor to polycarbonates and epoxide resins.


Condensation of Phenol Crystal, alkylphenols, or diphenols with formaldehyde gives phenolic resins, a famous example of which is Bakelite.
Hydrogenation of Phenol Crystal gives cyclohexanone, a precursor to nylon.
Nonionic detergents are produced by alkylation of Phenol Crystal to give the alkylphenols, e.g.,nonylphenol, which are then subjected to ethoxylation


Phenol Crystal is also a versatile precursor to a large collection of drugs, most notably aspirin but also many herbicides and pharmaceutical drugs.
Phenol Crystal is a component in liquid–liquid phenol–chloroform extraction technique used in molecular biology for obtaining nucleic acids from tissues or cell culture samples.


Depending on the pH of the solution either DNA or RNA can be extracted.
Phenol Crystal is an amino acid derivate that is used to protect plants from infections and pests and is made by the natural degradation of organic waste products.


Phenol Crystal is soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, ether, benzene, glycerol, acetone, carbon disulfide and aqueous alkali hydroxides.
Phenol Crystal is an aromatic organic compound with a wide range of applications in the analytical and molecular biology laboratory, IVD manufacturing and in industry.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal is used as a precursor for cyclohexanone, plastics, nonionic detergents and pharmaceutical drugs like aspirin.
Phenol Crystal acts as an anesthetic in chloraseptic.
Phenol Crystal reacts with acetone to get bisphenol-A, which is used in the synthesis of poly carbonates and epoxide resins.


Phenol Crystal is also used in the manufacture of synthetic resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, synthetic tanning agents, perfumes, lubricating oils and solvents.
In molecular biology, it is used in the extraction of nucleic acid from tissues by using liquid/liquid Phenol Crystal-chloroform extraction technique.


Phenol Crystal is an active component of paint strippers, which is used for the removal of epoxy and polyurethane.
Phenol Crystal is also used in the preparation of cosmetics, hair colorings and skin lightening preparations.
In the field of medicine, Phenol Crystal is useful in helping sore throat.


Phenol Crystal is used as a precursor for cyclohexanone, plastics, nonionic detergents and pharmaceutical drugs like aspirin.
Phenol Crystal acts as an anesthetic in chloraseptic.
Phenol Crystal reacts with acetone to get bisphenol-A, which is used in the synthesis of poly carbonates and epoxide resins.


Phenol Crystal is also used in the manufacture of synthetic resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, synthetic tanning agents, perfumes, lubricating oils and solvents.
In molecular biology, it is used in the extraction of nucleic acid from tissues by using liquid/liquid Phenol Crystal-chloroform extraction technique.


Phenol Crystal is an active component of paint strippers, which is used for the removal of epoxy and polyurethane.
Phenol Crystal is also used in the preparation of cosmetics, hair colorings and skin lightening preparations.
In the field of medicine, Phenol Crystal's spray is useful in helping sore throat.


Phenol Crystal is used as a germicidal agent and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Phenol Crystal is commonly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.
Phenol Crystal is active against a wide range of micro-organisms including some fungi and viruses, but is only slowly effective against spores.


Phenol Crystal has been used to disinfect skin and to relieve itching.
Phenol Crystal is also used in the preparation of cosmetics including sunscreens, hair dyes, and skin lightening preparations.
Phenol Crystal is also used in the production of drugs (it is the starting material in the industrial production of aspirin), weedkillers, and synthetic resins.


Phenol Crystal can be found in areas with high levels of motor traffic, therefore, people living in crowded urban areas are frequently exposed to traffic-derived phenol vapor.
The average (mean +/- SD) Phenol Crystal concentration in urine among normal individuals living in urban areas is 7.4 +/- 2.2 mg/g of creatinine.


Exposure of the skin to concentrated Phenol Crystal solutions causes chemical burns which may be severe; in laboratories where it is used, it is usually recommended that polyethylene glycol solution is kept available for washing off splashes.
Notwithstanding the effects of concentrated solutions, Phenol Crystal is also used in cosmetic surgery as an exfoliant, to remove layers of dead skin.


In some bacteria, Phenol Crystal can be directly synthesized from tyrosine via the enzyme tyrosine phenol-lyase.
Phenol Crystal is used primarily in the production of phenolic resins and in the manufacture of nylon and other synthetic fibers.
Phenol Crystal is also used in slimicides (chemicals that kill bacteria and fungi in slimes), as a disinfectant and antiseptic, and in medicinal preparations such as mouthwash and sore throat lozenges.


Phenol Crystal is used to make plastics, adhesives and other chemicals.
Phenol Crystal is used to make other chemicals.
Phenol Crystal is used to make plastics and adhesives.


Phenol Crystal was first extracted from coal tar, but today is produced on a large scale (about 7 million tonnes a year) from petroleum-derived feedstocks.
Phenol Crystal is an important industrial commodity as a precursor to many materials and useful compounds.
Phenol Crystal is so inexpensive that it also attracts many small-scale uses.


Phenol Crystal is a component of industrial paint strippers used in the aviation industry for the removal of epoxy, polyurethane and other chemically resistant coatings.
Due to safety concerns, Phenol Crystal is banned from use in cosmetic products in the European Union and Canada.


Concentrated liquid Phenol Crystal can be used topically as a local anesthetic for otology procedures, such as myringotomy and tympanotomy tube placement, as an alternative to general anesthesia or other local anesthetics.
Phenol Crystal also has hemostatic and antiseptic qualities that make it ideal for this use.


Phenol Crystal, usually at 1.4% phenol as an active ingredient, is used medically to treat sore throat.
Phenol Crystal has been used to disinfect skin and to relieve itching.
Phenol Crystal is also used as an oral analgesic or anesthetic in products such as Chloraseptic to treat pharyngitis.


Additionally, Phenol Crystal and its related compounds are used in surgical ingrown toenail treatment, a process termed phenolization.
Research indicates that parental exposure to Phenol Crystal and its related compounds are positively associated with spontaneous abortion.
During the second world war, Phenol Crystal injections were used as a means of execution by the Nazis.


Phenol crystals are used to describe the solid forms that result from the phenol compound, which is also known as the carbolic acid.
Phenol Crystal is an extremely volatile white crystalline solid that is mildly acidic.
Phenol Crystal requires extremely careful handling because its structure can cause painful chemical burns.


Phenol Crystal is used to describe the solid forms that result from the phenol compound, which is also known as the carbolic acid.
Phenol Crystal is used in manufacture of Bisphenol- A which is precursor to polycarbonates and epoxide resins.
Phenol Crystal is used in manufacture of phenolic resins like Bakelite In manufacture of cyclohexanone which is precursor to Nylon.


Phenol Crystal is used as an intermediate to pharma drugs like aspirin, analgesics and herbicides In making industrial paint strippers, cosmetics and in surgical procedures In manufacture of laminates and foundry resins.
Phenol Crystal is used in manufacture of agrochemical intermediates, surfactants and anti-oxidants.


Phenol Crystal's extracted from petroleum and mainly used as a synthetic building block to produce a wide range of pharmaceutical products and drugs such as aspirin and oral analgesics.
Phenol Crystal is an antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.


Phenol Crystal is used as a germicidal agent and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.
Phenol Crystal, is a colourless crystalline solid with a sweet tarry odor that resembles a hospital smell.
Phenol Crystal is commonly used as an antiseptic and disinfectant.


Phenol Crystal is active against a wide range of micro-organisms including some fungi and viruses, but is only slowly effective against spores.
Phenol Crystal has been used to disinfect skin and to relieve itching.
Phenol Crystal is also used in the preparation of cosmetics including sunscreens, hair dyes, and skin lightening preparations.


Phenol Crystal is also used in the production of drugs (it is the starting material in the industrial production of aspirin), weedkillers, and synthetic resins.
Phenol Crystal is used as a precursor for cyclohexanone, plastics, nonionic detergents and pharmaceutical drugs like aspirin.


Phenol Crystal acts as an anesthetic in chloraseptic.
Phenol Crystal reacts with acetone to get bisphenol-A, which is used in the synthesis of poly carbonates and epoxide resins.
Phenol Crystal is also used in the manufacture of synthetic resins, dyes, pharmaceuticals, synthetic tanning agents, perfumes, lubricating oils and solvents.


In molecular biology, Phenol Crystal is used in the extraction of nucleic acid from tissues by using liquid/liquid phenol-chloroform extraction technique.
Phenol Crystal is an active component of paint strippers, which is used for the removal of epoxy and polyurethane.
Phenol Crystal is also used in the preparation of cosmetics, hair colorings and skin lightening preparations.


In the field of medicine, Phenol Crystal's spray is useful in helping sore throat.
Phenol Crystal is popularly known as Carbolic Acid Liquid and acts as an antimicrobial agent and is used in a variety of pesticides, insecticides, and herbicides.


The major uses of Phenol Crystal, consuming two thirds of its production, involve its conversion to precursors for plastics.
Condensation with acetone gives bisphenol-A, a key precursor to polycarbonates and epoxide resins.
Condensation of Phenol Crystal, alkylphenols, or diphenols with formaldehyde gives phenolic resins, a famous example of which is Bakelite.


Partial hydrogenation of Phenol Crystal gives cyclohexanone, a precursor to nylon.
Nonionic detergents are produced by alkylation of Phenol Crystal to give the alkylphenols, e.g., nonylphenol, which are then subjected to ethoxylation.


-Medical uses of Phenol Crystal:
Phenol Crystal was widely used as an antiseptic, and it is used in the production of carbolic soap.
Concentrated Phenol Crystals are used for permanent treatment of ingrown toe and finger nails, a procedure known as a chemical matrixectomy.
The procedure was first described by Otto Boll in 1945.
Since that time Phenol Crystal has become the chemical of choice for chemical matrixectomies performed by podiatrists.



BENEFITS AND USES OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal is used in pesticides to ward off pests and pathogens from infecting the plants and to promote plant growth.
Phenol Crystal deters pests and small insects from eating the plants and destroying the yields.
Phenol Crystal helps in improving the productivity of crops by protecting them from microbes.

Phenol Crystal is simple to administer during the planting season.
Phenol Crystal does not get absorbed by the plants and is therefore safe for use on plants and crops.
Phenol Crystal has a longer shelf life and is highly stable.



HOW PHENOL CRYSTAL WORKS:
Phenol Crystal works by protecting the plants and crops from insects, microbes, pests, and weeds.
Phenol Crystal works by forming a layer on top of the soil and releasing substances that kill pests.



TIME OF APPLICATION OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal can be used during the dry summer or winter months.
Phenol Crystal should be used at least once every three months to avoid a resurgence of pests and insects in the fields.



RECOMMENDED USAGE OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
For spraying, the recommended usage of Phenol Crystal is 2% weight by volume.
Use 5–10 kg/acre for solid application of Phenol Crystal.



HOW TO USE PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Spray Phenol Crystal directly onto the soil early in the morning or late in the evening.
Phenol Crystal should be added to a sprayer or mixing tank that is already filled with fresh water.



OCCURRENCES OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal is a normal metabolic product, excreted in quantities up to 40 mg/L in human urine.
The temporal gland secretion of male elephants showed the presence of Phenol Crystal and 4-methylphenol during musth.

Phenol Crystal is also one of the chemical compounds found in castoreum.
Phenol Crystal is ingested from the plants the beaver eats.

Phenol Crystal is a measurable component in the aroma and taste of the distinctive Islay scotch whisky, generally ~30 ppm, but it can be over 160ppm in the malted barley used to produce whisky.
This amount of Phenol Crystal is different from and presumably higher than the amount in the distillate.



BIODEGRADATION OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Cryptanaerobacter phenolicus is a bacterium species that produces benzoate from Phenol Crystal via 4-hydroxybenzoate.
Rhodococcus phenolicus is a bacterium species able to degrade Phenol Crystal as sole carbon source.



SOLUBILITY OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal is soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform, ether, benzene, glycerol, acetone, carbon disulfide and aqueous alkali hydroxides.



PROPERTIES OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal is an organic compound appreciably soluble in water, with about 84.2 g dissolving in 1000 mL (0.895 M).
Homogeneous mixtures of Phenol Crystal and water at phenol to water mass ratios of ~2.6 and higher are possible.
The sodium salt of Phenol Crystal, sodium phenoxide, is far more water-soluble.

Phenol Crystal is a combustible solid (NFPA rating = 2).
When heated, Phenol Crystal produces flammable vapors that are explosive at concentrations of 3 to 10% in air.
Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used to fight Phenol Crystal fires.


*Acidity:
Phenol Crystal is a weak acid (pH 6.6).
In aqueous solution in the pH range ca. 8 - 12 it is in equilibrium with the phenolate anion C6H5O− (also called phenoxide or carbolate):
C6H5OH↽−−⇀C6H5O−+H+

Phenol Crystal is more acidic than aliphatic alcohols.
Phenol Crystal's enhanced acidity is attributed to resonance stabilization of phenolate anion.
In this way, the negative charge on oxygen is delocalized on to the ortho and para carbon atoms through the pi system.

An alternative explanation involves the sigma framework, postulating that the dominant effect is the induction from the more electronegative sp2 hybridised carbons; the comparatively more powerful inductive withdrawal of electron density that is provided by the sp2 system compared to an sp3 system allows for great stabilization of the oxyanion.

In support of the second explanation, the pKa of the enol of acetone in water is 10.9, making it only slightly less acidic than Phenol Crystal (pKa 10.0).
Thus, the greater number of resonance structures available to phenoxide compared to acetone enolate seems to contribute little to its stabilization.
However, the situation changes when solvation effects are excluded.


*Hydrogen bonding:
In carbon tetrachloride and in alkane solvents, Phenol Crystal hydrogen bonds with a wide range of Lewis bases such as pyridine, diethyl ether, and diethyl sulfide.
The enthalpies of adduct formation and the −OH IR frequency shifts accompanying adduct formation have been compiled.
Phenol Crystal is classified as a hard acid.



TAUTOMERISM OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal exhibits keto-enol tautomerism with its unstable keto tautomer cyclohexadienone, but the effect is nearly negligible.
The equilibrium constant for enolisation is approximately 10−13, which means only one in every ten trillion molecules is in the keto form at any moment.

The small amount of stabilisation gained by exchanging a C=C bond for a C=O bond is more than offset by the large destabilisation resulting from the loss of aromaticity.

Phenol Crystal therefore exists essentially entirely in the enol form.
4, 4' Substituted cyclohexadienone can undergo a dienone–Phenol Crystal rearrangement in acid conditions and form stable 3,4‐disubstituted phenol.

For substituted Phenol Crystals, several factors can favor the keto tautomer: (a) additional hydroxy groups (see resorcinol) (b) annulation as in the formation of naphthols, and (c) deprotonation to give the phenolate.

Phenoxides are enolates stabilised by aromaticity.
Under normal circumstances, phenoxide is more reactive at the oxygen position, but the oxygen position is a "hard" nucleophile whereas the alpha-carbon positions tend to be "soft"



REACTIONS OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal is highly reactive toward electrophilic aromatic substitution.
The enhanced nucleophilicity is attributed to donation pi electron density from O into the ring.
Many groups can be attached to the ring, via halogenation, acylation, sulfonation, and related processes.

Phenol Crystal is so strongly activated that bromination and chlorination lead readily to polysubstitution.
The reaction affords 2- and 4-substituted derivatives.
The regiochemistry of halogenation changes in strongly acidic solutions where PhOH2]+ predominates.

Phenol Crystal reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, additional nitro groups are introduced, e.g. to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.
Friedel Crafts alkylations of Phenol Crystal and its derivatives often proceed without catalysts.

Alkylating agents include alkyl halides, alkenes, and ketones.
Thus, adamantyl-1-bromide, dicyclopentadiene), and cyclohexanones give respectively 4-adamantylphenol, a bis(2-hydroxyphenyl) derivative, and a 4-cyclohexylphenols.

Alcohols and hydroperoxides alkylate Phenol Crystals in the presence of solid acid catalysts (e.g. certain zeolite).
Cresols and cumyl Phenol Crystals can be produced in that way.

Aqueous solutions of Phenol Crystal are weakly acidic and turn blue litmus slightly to red.
Phenol Crystal is neutralized by sodium hydroxide forming sodium phenate or phenolate, but being weaker than carbonic acid, it cannot be neutralized by sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate to liberate carbon dioxide.

C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5ONa + H2O
When a mixture of Phenol Crystal and benzoyl chloride are shaken in presence of dilute sodium hydroxide solution, phenyl benzoate is formed.
This is an example of the Schotten–Baumann reaction:

C6H5COCl + HOC6H5 → C6H5CO2C6H5 + HCl
Phenol Crystal is reduced to benzene when it is distilled with zinc dust or when its vapour is passed over granules of zinc at 400 °C:

C6H5OH + Zn → C6H6 + ZnO
When Phenol Crystal is treated with diazomethane in the presence of boron trifluoride (BF3), anisole is obtained as the main product and nitrogen gas as a byproduct.

C6H5OH + CH2N2 → C6H5OCH3 + N2
Phenol Crystal and its derivatives react with iron(III) chloride to give intensely colored solutions containing phenoxide complexes.



PRODUCTION OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Because of Phenol Crystal's commercial importance, many methods have been developed for its production, but the cumene process is the dominant technology.


*Cumene process:
Accounting for 95% of production (2003) is the cumene process, also called Hock process.
It involves the partial oxidation of cumene (isopropylbenzene) via the Hock rearrangement: Compared to most other processes, the cumene process uses mild conditions and inexpensive raw materials.

For the process to be economical, both Phenol Crystal and the acetone by-product must be in demand.
In 2010, worldwide demand for acetone was approximately 6.7 million tonnes, 83 percent of which was satisfied with acetone produced by the cumene process.

A route analogous to the cumene process begins with cyclohexylbenzene.
It is oxidized to a hydroperoxide, akin to the production of cumene hydroperoxide.

Via the Hock rearrangement, cyclohexylbenzene hydroperoxide cleaves to give Phenol Crystal and cyclohexanone.
Cyclohexanone is an important precursor to some nylons.


*Oxidation of benzene, toluene, cyclohexylbenzene:
The direct oxidation of benzene (C6H6) to Phenol Crystal is theoretically possible and of great interest, but it has not been commercialized:

C6H6 + O → C6H5OH
Nitrous oxide is a potentially "green" oxidant that is a more potent oxidant than O2.
Routes for the generation of nitrous oxide however remain uncompetitive.

An electrosynthesis employing alternating current gives Phenol Crystal from benzene.
The oxidation of toluene, as developed by Dow Chemical, involves copper-catalyzed reaction of molten sodium benzoate with air:

C6H5CH3 + 2 O2 → C6H5OH + CO2 + H2O
The reaction is proposed to proceed via formation of benzyoylsalicylate.
Autoxidation of cyclohexylbenzene give the hydroperoxide. Decomposition of this hydroperoxide affords cyclohexanone and Phenol Crystal.


*Older methods:
Early methods relied on extraction of Phenol Crystal from coal derivatives or the hydrolysis of benzene derivatives.


**Hydrolysis of benzenesulfonic acid
The original commercial route was developed by Bayer and Monsanto in the early 1900s, based on discoveries by Wurtz and Kekule.
The method involves the reaction of strong base with benzenesulfonic acid, proceeding by the reaction of hydroxide with sodium benzenesulfonate to give sodium phenoxide.

Acidification of the latter gives Phenol Crystal.
The net conversion is:

C6H5SO3H + 2 NaOH → C6H5OH + Na2SO3 + H2O
Hydrolysis of chlorobenzene
Chlorobenzene can be hydrolyzed to Phenol Crystal using base (Dow process) or steam (Raschig–Hooker process):

C6H5Cl + NaOH → C6H5OH + NaCl
C6H5Cl + H2O → C6H5OH + HCl
These methods suffer from the cost of the chlorobenzene and the need to dispose of the chloride by product.


**Coal pyrolysis
Phenol Crystal is also a recoverable byproduct of coal pyrolysis.
In the Lummus Process, the oxidation of toluene to benzoic acid is conducted separately.


**Miscellaneous methods
Phenyldiazonium salts hydrolyze to Phenol Crystal.
The method is of no commercial interest since the precursor is expensive.

C6H5NH2 + HCl + NaNO2 → C6H5OH + N2 + H2O + NaCl
Salicylic acid decarboxylates to Phenol Crystal.



HISTORY OF PHENOL CRYSTAL:
Phenol Crystal was discovered in 1834 by Friedlieb Ferdinand Runge, who extracted it (in impure form) from coal tar.
Runge called Phenol Crystal "Karbolsäure" (coal-oil-acid, carbolic acid).
Coal tar remained the primary source until the development of the petrochemical industry.

French chemist Auguste Laurent extracted Phenol Crystal in its pure form, as a derivative of benzene, in 1841.
In 1836, Auguste Laurent coined the name "phène" for benzene; this is the root of the word "Phenol Crystal" and "phenyl".
In 1843, French chemist Charles Gerhardt coined the name "phénol".

The antiseptic properties of Phenol Crystal were used by Sir Joseph Lister in his pioneering technique of antiseptic surgery.
Lister decided that the wounds had to be thoroughly cleaned.
He then covered the wounds with a piece of rag or lint covered in Phenol Crystal.

The skin irritation caused by continual exposure to Phenol Crystal eventually led to the introduction of aseptic (germ-free) techniques in surgery.
Lister's work was inspired by the works and experiments of his contemporary Louis Pasteur in sterilizing various biological media.
He theorized that if germs could be killed or prevented, no infection would occur.

Lister reasoned that a chemical could be used to destroy the micro-organisms that cause infection.
Meanwhile, in Carlisle, England, officials were experimenting with sewage treatment using carbolic acid to reduce the smell of sewage cesspools.
Having heard of these developments, and having previously experimented with other chemicals for antiseptic purposes without much success, Lister decided to try carbolic acid as a wound antiseptic.

He had his first chance on August 12, 1865, when he received a patient: an eleven-year-old boy with a tibia bone fracture which pierced the skin of his lower leg.
Ordinarily, amputation would be the only solution.

However, Lister decided to try carbolic acid.
After setting the bone and supporting the leg with splints, he soaked clean cotton towels in undiluted carbolic acid and applied them to the wound, covered with a layer of tin foil, leaving them for four days.

When he checked the wound, Lister was pleasantly surprised to find no signs of infection, just redness near the edges of the wound from mild burning by the carbolic acid.
Reapplying fresh bandages with diluted carbolic acid, the boy was able to walk home after about six weeks of treatment.

By 16 March 1867, when the first results of Lister's work were published in the Lancet, he had treated a total of eleven patients using his new antiseptic method.
Of those, only one had died, and that was through a complication that was nothing to do with Lister's wound-dressing technique.
Now, for the first time, patients with compound fractures were likely to leave the hospital with all their limbs intact



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHENOL CRYSTAL:
CAS NO. : 108-95-2
Chemical Formula : C6H6O
Molecular Weight : 94.11
Other Trade Name : Carbolic acid/Phenylic acid
Appearance (Colour): White
Appearance (Form): Crystalline compound
Solubility: 5% aq.solution is clear & colourless
Assay (GC): min. 99.5%
Melting Point: 40 - 41°C
pH (5% aq. solution): 4.5 - 6.0
UN No. : 1671
MDL Number: MFCD00002143
InChI Key: ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 94.11 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 94.041864811 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 94.041864811 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 46.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical Formula: C6H5OH

Molar Mass: 94.11 g/mol
Boiling Point: 181.7 °C
Density: 1.07 g/cm³
Melting Point: 40.5 °C
Solubility: Soluble in water
Physical State: Crystalline flakes
Odor: Stinging
Melting Point/Freezing Point: 40 - 42 °C (as per literature)
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 182 °C (as per literature)
Flash Point: 81 °C at approximately 1.013 hPa (closed cup, DIN 51758)
Autoignition Temperature: 715 °C at approximately 1.013 hPa
pH: Approximately 5 at 50 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity: Dynamic viscosity is 3,437 Pas at 50.00 °C
Water Solubility: 87 g/l at 25 °C
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): log Pow is 1.47 at 30 °C (ECHA),
indicating low bioaccumulation potential
Vapor Pressure: 0.53 hPa at 20.0 °C
Density: 1.071 g/mL at 25 °C (literature value)

Surface Tension: 38.2 mN/m at 50.0 °C
Relative Vapor Density: 3.2 at 20 °C (Air = 1.0)
Density: 1.07 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Explosion Limit: 1.3 - 9.5% (V)
Flash Point: 81 °C
Ignition Temperature: 595 °C
Melting Point: 38 - 43 °C
pH Value: 5 (50 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor Pressure: 0.2 hPa at 20 °C
Bulk Density: 620 kg/m³
Solubility: 84 g/l
Boiling Point (bp): 182 °C (literature value)
Melting Point (mp): 40 - 42 °C (literature value)
Transition Temperature: Solidification point is ≥ 40 °C
Density: 1.071 g/mL at 25 °C (literature value)
Suitability: In accordance with the appearance of the solution
CAS Number: 108-95-2
Empirical Formula: C6H5O

Molecular Weight: 94.11 g/mol
EC Number: 203-632-7
MDL Number: MFCD00002143
CAS Number: 108-95-2
EC Index Number: 604-001-00-2
EC Number: 203-632-7
Grade: Ph Eur, ChP, JP, USP
Hill Formula: C₆H₆O
Chemical Formula: C₆H₅OH
Molar Mass: 94.11 g/mol
HS Code: 2907 11 00
Density: 1.07 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Explosion Limit: 1.3 - 9.5% (by volume)
Flash Point: 79.0 °C
Ignition Temperature: 595 °C
Melting Point: 38 - 43 °C
pH Value: 5 (50 g/l in H₂O at 20 °C)
Vapor Pressure: 0.2 hPa (at 20 °C)
Bulk Density: 620 kg/m³
Solubility: 84 g/l



FIRST AID MEASURES of PHENOL CRYSTAL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
After contact with skin:
Rinse out with polyethylene glycol 400 or a mixture of polyethylene glycol 300/ethanol 2:1 and wash with plenty of water.
If neither is available wash with plenty of water.
Immediately take off contaminated clothing.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHENOL CRYSTAL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHENOL CRYSTAL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHENOL CRYSTAL:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Use tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
Use flame retardant antistatic protective clothing.
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P3)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHENOL CRYSTAL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces, and sources of ignition.
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Keep tightly closed.
Keep dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Hygroscopic.
Store under inert gas.
Light sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHENOL CRYSTAL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Phenol Sulfonic Acid Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), liquid appears as a yellowish liquid that becomes brown on exposure to air. Soluble in alcohol. Irritating to mucous membranes, skin, and eyes. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Used as a laboratory reagent, in water analysis and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. A mixture of ortho and para isomers. Phenol Sulphonic Acid chemical offered is also known by synonyms of P-Hydroxy benzene Sulphonic Acid, Sulpho Carbolic Acid and comes with CAS No of 98-67-9, molecular formula of C6H6O4S and molecular weight of 174.20. A dispersing agent which is (a) a condensation product of a substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) which is an arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) or an aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), or (b) a condensation product of (i) a substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) which is an arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) or an aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and (ii) an aryl sulfonic acid with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and aryl sulfonic acid wherein the weight ratio of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) to aryl sulfonic acid is from about 0.95:0.05 to about 0.05:0.95. DETAILED DESCRIPTION A useful condensation product may be prepared by sulfonating one mole of one or more arylphenol or aralkylphenols with from about 1.0 to about 8.0 moles of sulfuric acid at about 20° to about 100° C. to obtain a substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and then condensing one mole of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde at about 60° to about 120° C. to obtain the free acid of the condensation product. Likewise, an arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) or an aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and an aryl sulfonic acid may be condensed with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and aryl sulfonic acid wherein the weight ratio of arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) to aryl sulfonic acid is from about 0.95:0.05 to about 0.05:0.95. Salts of the condensation product may be prepared by neutralizing the free acid of the condensation product with a salt forming base such as an alkali metal hydroxide, an alkaline earth hydroxide, or an organic amine base. Useful bases include sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, barium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide and the like. Useful organic amine bases include methylamine, diethylamine, triethanolamine, isopropanolamine and the like. Condensation products of arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID)s and aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID)s may be prepared by (a) sulfonating one mole of a substituted phenol such as an arylphenol or aralkylphenol with from about 1 to about 8 moles of a sulfonating agent at about 20° to about 120 C. to obtain a substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), then (b) condensing the substituted sulfonic acid with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde at about 60° to about 120° C. to obtain the free acid of the condensation product, and then optionally (c) neutralizing the free acid of the condensation product with a base to obtain a salt of the condensation product. Condensation products of arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID)s, aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID)s and aryl sulfonic acids may be prepared by (a) sulfonating one mole of a substituted phenol with about 1 to about 8 moles of a sulfonating agent at about 20° to about 120° C. to obtain a substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), then (b) adding aryl sulfonic acid to the substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) to obtain a mixture of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and aryl sulfonic acid wherein the weight ratio of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) to aryl sulfonic acid is from about 0.95:0.05 to about 0.05:0.95, then (c) condensing the mixture of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and aryl sulfonic acid with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of mixture at about 60° to about 120° C. to obtain the free acid of the condensation product, and then optionally (d) neutralizing the free acid of the condensation product with a base to obtain a salt of the condensation product. Free acids and salts of condensation products of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and aryl sulfonic acid with formaldehyde are useful as dispersants in cement and concrete when used at concentrations of from about 0.10 to about 10% based on weight of cement. What is claimed is: 1. A condensation product and salts thereof selected from the group consisting of (a) condensation product of a substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) selected from the group consisting of an arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and an aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), and (b) condensation product of (i) a substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) selected from the group consisting of an arylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and an aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and (ii) an aryl sulfonic acid with from about 0.5 to about 4 moles of formaldehyde per mole of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and aryl sulfonic acid wherein the weight ratio of substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) to aryl sulfonic acid is from about 0.95:0.05 to about 0.05:0.95. 2. The condensation product of claim 1 wherein the substituted Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) has from about 1 to about 8 sulfonic acid groups. 3. The condensation product of claim 1 having a substituted phenol of formula ##STR2## wherein R is an aryl radical, R1 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, R2 is hydrogen or an alkyl radical having from about 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, n is from 1 to 3, and b is from 0 to 1. 4. The salt of the condensation product of claim 1 wherein a salt forming cation is selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, zinc, calcium, barium, magnesium, aluminum, methylamine, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and isopropanolamine. 5. The potassium salt of the condensation product of claim 1 wherein one mole of aralkylphenol is sulfonated with 3 moles of sulfonating agent to obtain aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and one mole of the aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is then condensed with 1.8 moles of formaldehyde. 6. The sodium salt of the condensation product of claim 1 wherein one mole of aralkylphenol is sulfonated with 3 moles of sulfonating agent to obtain aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and one mole of the aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is then condensed with 1.4 moles of formaldehyde. 7. The ammonium salt of the condensation product of claim 1 wherein one mole of aralkylphenol is sulfonated with 3 moles of sulfonating agent to obtain aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and one mole of the aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is then condensed with 1.2 moles of formaldehyde. 8. The condensation product of claim 1 wherein the aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is monobenzylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID). 9. The condensation product of claim 1 wherein the aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is dibenzylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID). 10. The condensation product of claim 1 wherein the aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is tribenzylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID). 11. The condensation product of claim 1 wherein the aralkylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is isopropylidenediPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID). 12. The condensation product of claim 1 wherein the aryl Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is phenylPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID). 13. The condensation product of claim 1 wherein the aryl sulfonic acid is naphthalene sulfonic acid. 14. The condensation product of claim 1 wherein the aryl sulfonic acid is xylene sulfonic acid. Chemical Properties of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is a mixture of ortho and para isomers. It is a yellow-coloured liquid and on exposure to air turns brown in colour. Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is soluble in alcohol and is used as a laboratory reagent, in water analysis and in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals. Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is a combustible material, but does not ignite readily. On heating, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) emits vapours, which may form explosive mixtures with air and cause explosion hazards. Also, on contact with metals, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) emits flammable hydrogen gas and the containers cause explosion. Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) reacts exothermically with chemical bases, for example, amines and inorganic hydroxides to form salts. Most of the Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) produced is used as an additive for electroplating baths. By comparison, the acid is relatively unimportant as a dye intermediate. With ethylene oxide it can be reacted to form poly(ethoxy)oxyPhenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), which can be used as a plasticizer and emulsifier. Crude Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is used as such in the manufacture of synthetic tanning agents. Condensation products of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) mixtures with formaldehyde improve the dyeing properties of polyamide fibers. Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) and 2-halogenomalonic esters form the corresponding ethers, which are used in the manufacture of polyesters with improved affinity for basic dyes. Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID)'s production and subsequent use mainly as an additive for electroplating baths could result in its release to the environment. If released to the atmosphere, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) will exist in both the vapor phase and in the particulate phase based on an estimated vapor pressure of 3.33X10-7 mm Hg. In the vapor phase, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) will react fairly rapidly with hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of 2 days. Particulate phase Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) may be removed physically from air by wet and dry deposition. Based on an estimated Koc of 3, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) should have very high mobility in soil and as this compound is miscible in water, leaching may occur. In moist soils, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is expected to dissociate. Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) should biodegrade under aerobic conditions; using a soil inoculum, this compound required 32 days for complete biodegradation. In water, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is expected to dissociate. Biodegradation will occur slowly. Using an unacclimated activated sludge inoculum, a period of 190-195 hours was required for complete biodegradation. This time period included a 76-95 hour lag time suggesting that an initial acclimatization period prior to biodegradation of this compound is necessary. Other studies using higher concentrations of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), a shorter time period (1 hour to 70 hours), and microorganisms acclimated to either benzene or Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) showed no biodegradation of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID). This compound is not expected to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms or to volatilize from water surfaces. Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID)'s production and subsequent use mainly as an additive for electroplating baths(1), but also in the manufacture of synthetic tanning agents(1), as a chemical intermediate used to improve the dyeing properties of polyamide fibers(1) or used in the manufacture of polyesters with improved affinity for basic dyes(1), and during its use in the process of granulation of blast furnace slag(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).TERRESTRIAL FATE: An estimated Koc of 3.0(1,SRC), based on an estimated log Kow(2,SRC) indicates that Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) will have very high mobility in soil(3,SRC). As this compound is miscible in water(4), leaching may be an important fate process(SRC). In moist soils Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) should quickly dissociate(5,SRC). Biodegradation of this compound may be an important fate process; Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) at 75 ug/l showed complete degradation within 32 days using a soil inoculum(6). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) at 100 mg/l was biodegraded by an activated sludge inoculum over 14 days(7). A long lag period of 76-95 hours was measured with complete biodegradation requiring a total of 190 to 195 hours; these results suggested that Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is biodegraded completely over a long time by acclimatized microorganisms(7). Other aerobic biodegradation experiments using higher concentrations of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) (500 mg/l) and shorter incubation times (70 hours) determined that Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) was not biodegraded under these conditions(8,9). Under anaerobic conditions, using an aquifer slurry as an inoculum, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) at 35 mg/l was not biodegraded over a period of 13 months(10). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) will not volatilize from moist soil surfaces(SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.62X10-13 atm-cu/mole(11). AQUATIC FATE: If released to water, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is expected to dissociate(1). Aerobic biodegradation is expected to be a major fate process for Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) at 100 mg/l was incubated over 14 days with a non-acclimatized activated sludge inoculum. Complete biodegradation required 190-195 hours including a 76-95 hour lag time; this indicates that an initial acclimatization period prior to biodegradation of this compound is necessary(2). When inoculated with an activated sludge culture which was acclimatized to benzene, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), at a concentration of 500 mg/l, was not biodegraded within the time period of 70 hours(3). A pure culture of Pseudomonas H-8, a known benzene sulfonate oxidizer isolated from pond water, was unable to biodegrade Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) over an unreported period of time(4). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) at 35 mg/l was not biodegraded under anaerobic conditions for a 13 month period using an aquifer slurry as an inoculum(5). An estimated BCF value of 0 indicates that Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) will not bioconcentrate in an aquatic system(6,7,SRC). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces(SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.62X10-13 atm-cu/mole (8). ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on an estimated vapor pressure of 3.33X10-7 mm Hg at 25 °C(1,SRC), Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) will exist both in the vapor phase and in the particulate phase(2,SRC). In the vapor phase it will degrade fairly rapidly by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals with an estimated half-life of about 2 days(3,SRC). Particulate phase Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) may be removed physically from air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) at a concentration of 75 ug/ml was incubated aerobically with a mixed culture of soil microorganisms for a time period ranging from 3 hours to 64 days. Total loss of this compound, followed by measuring the loss in absorbance of the benzene ring, was complete within 32 days(1). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) at a concentration of 100 mg/l was incubated over 14 days with a non-acclimated activated sludge inoculum(2). The degradation ratio of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) (at 100 mg/l), defined as the BOD/Theoretical BOD, was determined to be 0.76 to 0.78; a lag time of 76-95 hours was measured, total biodegradation of this compound required 190-195 hours including the lag period(2). This indicates that this compound is biodegraded completely over a long time by acclimated microorganisms(2). No biodegradation of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) at a concentration of 500 mg/l was seen over a period of one hour using a pure culture of Pseudomonas acclimatized to p-toluenesulfonate as its sole carbon and sulfur source(1). A pure culture of Pseudomonas strain H-8, a known benzene sulfonate oxidizer isolated from pond water, was unable to grow when given Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), at an unreported concentration, as the sole carbon source(2). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) was not biodegraded using the agar plate method after a few days by a pure culture isolated for its ability to biodegrade Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID)(3). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID), present at a concentration of 500 mg/l, was not used as a carbon source over a period of 70 hours using activated sludge acclimatized to benzene as an inoculum under aerobic conditions(2). In a compilation of chemicals, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is listed as a chemical which should be degradable by biological sewage treatment provided suitable acclimatization of the microbial population is reached(2). The biodegradability of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) was measured under anaerobic conditions using two aquifer slurries, one from a sulfate reducing site, the other from a methanogenic site. Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) was added at a concentration of 200 uM to a slurry from each site and monitored from 0 to 13 months. Under sulfate reducing conditions, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) was present at 188 uM and at 198 uM after 0 to 13 months respectively. Under methanogenic conditions, Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) was present at 194 uM and at 235 uM after 0 to 13 months respectively(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated to be 7.40X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life for Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) of about 2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals/cu cm(1,SRC). Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID)s are strong acids which almost completely dissociate in aqueous solution(2). The Henry's Law constant for Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) is estimated as 2.62X10-13 atm-cu/mole(1,SRC). This indicates that Phenol sulfonic acid (fenol sülfonik asit, phenol sulphonic acid, PHENOL SULFONIC ACID) will essentially not volatilize from water surfaces(2).

Phenonip INCI Name of Phenonip: Phenoxyethanol (and) Methylparaben (and) Ethylparaben (and) Propylparaben (and) Butylparaben (and) Isobutylparaben Phenonip P4 is a preservative blend for personal care products. It is a non isobutylparaben version of Phenonip. Benefits of Phenonip Water soluble Headspace preservation Heat stable Easy to handle and to dose Technical Data of Phenonip Appearance: Viscous liquid Active substance (ca.): 100% INCI-Name: Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Propylparaben, Butylparaben Secret Code of Beauty Xpert Code Liquid version of the optimized paraben blend Trend Code Option to meet regulatory requirements on branched esters Applications of Phenonip Leave-on products Rinse-off products Wet wipes Broad spectrum, liquid preservative system ideal for use in a wide variety of personal care applications. Effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and molds and retains activity in the presence of most cosmetic ingredients. Phenonip is oil soluble. It can be used in emulsions and anhydrous formulations. • Retains activity over the range pH 3.0 - 8.0. • Non-volatile - there is no loss of preservative due to volatility even on prolonged storage. • Highly stable - aqueous solutions of Phenonip can withstand autoclave sterilisation with no loss of activity. • Phenonip has an excellent toxicological profile and is non-irritant to skin, eye and mucous membranes at normal use concentrations. • The components of Phenonip are biodegradable at the low concentrations found in effluent. INCI: Phenoxyethanol (and) Methylparaben (and) Ethylparaben (and) Butylparaben (and) Propylparaben (and) Isobutylparaben California Prop 65 Statement: The following statement is made in order to comply with the California Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986. Phenonip may contain trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane (< 0.75 ppm), ethylene oxide (< 1.5 ppm) and methanol (< 500 ppm) which are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. Ingredients (Common Name): Phenonip Ingredients (INCI Name): Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Butylparaben, Propylparaben Shelf Life of Phenonip: 3 years Recommended for Cold Process: no Recommended for Melt and Pour: no Recommended for Bath Bombs: no Eye Safe: no Lip Safe: no Usage Instructions of Phenonip: Use at 0.5 to 1 percent of the total weight in products like lotion and scrub. Add the Phenonip when your product is 200 F or below. Higher temperatures can degrade the preservative. Shipping Restrictions of Phenonip: No Shipping Restrictions Phenoxyethanol (and) Methylparaben (and) Ethylparaben (and) Propylparaben (and) Butylparaben (and) Isobutylparaben. Phenonip acts as a preservative blend. Phenonip is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Phenonip has an excellent toxicological profile and is non-irritant to skin, eye and mucous membranes at normal use concentrations. Phenonip is used in all kinds of personal care products specially in wet wipes. Phenonip and similar mixed preservatives have been successfully used to protect most types of personal care products from microbial contamination. This liquid preservative is used to inhibit microbial growth in your creams lotions and salt/sugar scrubs. As with other preservations the correct use concentration depends upon several factors including the chemical and physical nature of the product its ability to support microbial growth and the likelihood of recontamination during use. Experience has shown that Phenonip will preserve many cosmetics and toiletries when incorporated at concentrations from 0.25% to 1.0%. This blend of preservatives is highly effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria yeasts and moulds and is suitable for Moisturisers Lotions and Creams Sugar Scrubs Conditioners to name but a few. The higher concentrations are typically only required for formulations which by their nature are particularly difficult to preserve. >Emulsified systems both o/w and w/o types may be effectively preserved by the addition of this preservative at 0.4 - 0.7%. Whilst emulsions based on non-ionic surfactants may require slightly increased concentrations eg. 0.5 - 1.0%. Shampoos and foam baths may be preserved with concentrations typically between 0.25 - 0.65%. Products with a high protein content may require levels from 0.5% - 1.0%. Other surfactant-based products for example liquid dishwashing detergents are generally preserved levels over the range 0.2% - 0.6%. Phenonip is more suitable than Germaben II for products that are manufactured at higher temperature ranges. Phenonip should only be added below 100 °C degrees when adding to the recipe. Phenonip is not a formaldehyde donor. Parabens Parabens are preservatives and widely used in mainstream beauty products and can be added to the oil phase of formulation. Phenonip is a common oil-soluble, broad-spectrum, paraben-based preservative. If you want to preserve an oil-based sugar scrub that might come in contact with water, phenonip is a good choice. You can add this to the oil phase of your lotions. Preservatives are ingredients you add to your skin care formulas to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeast and fungi. Some preservatives, like Germall Plus, Otiphen, or Phenonip are broad spectrum, which means they protect against all three. Preservatives can also be limited, like potassium sorbate or natural botanicals. These can be used alone or combined with other preservatives to achieve broad spectrum protection. Phenonip, is an effective broad spectrum preservative that provides activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, yeasts and molds, and retains activity in the presence of most cosmetic ingredients. It is an excellent choice for many cosmetic and personal care applications, especially oil-based products. It works across a broad range of formulating spectrums, and is also effective in aqueous solutions, Oil-in-water, water-in-oil & all oil formulations. So whether you are formulating lotions, creams, balms, scrubs, or even shampoos, and body washes Phrnonip may be an excellent choice as a preservative. Phenonip is a synergistic blend of esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in phenoxyethanol designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. INCI: Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Butylparaben, Propylparaben, Isobutylparaben Usage levels of Phenonipmay vary depending on your exact formula. Phenonip will preserve cosmetics and toiletries when incorporated at concentrations from 0.25 % to 1 %. The higher concentrations are generally required only for formulations which are particularly difficult to preserve. Phenoip is 100% oil-soluble and is not very water Soluble (see info below ) in water, but works well in emulsified systems. Phenonip can be readily dissolved in a liquid phase prior to emulsification. Depending on your formulation, it may be effective to split the amount you will use in to two phases between the water & oil phases during their preparation (ie when making a cream or butter product, add .5% to water phase & .5% to oil phase). For aqueous formulations, like shampoos that are cold blended you can add Phenonip by adding it to a suitable solvent like propylene glycol or glycerin, and stirring this concentrate into the water. Usage Levels of Phenonip In Aqueous systems / formulations like shampoos and foam baths may be preserved with Phenonip at concentrations between 0.25 % to 0.65 %. However, products with high protein content may require levels from 0.5 % - 1 %. Other surfactant- based formulations, for example liquid dishwashing detergents, are generally preserved with Phenonip over the range 0.2 %- 0.6 %. Emulsified systems, both O/W and W/O types, may be effectively preserved by Phenonip at 0.4 %- 0.7 %. Phenonip can also be used to preserve emulsions based on nonionic surfactants, but slightly increased concentrations may be required, e.g. increase usage to 0.5 -1 %. Specifications of Phenonip Appearance -Clear viscous Liquid Phenonip is effective in pH range of 3.0 - 8.0. Formaldehyde Free Solubility - Water insoluble (0.50), Ethanol -Miscible, Isopropanol miscible, Propylene Glycol miscible, Isopropyl Myristate Miscible,Glycerin 10 %, Triethanolamine- Miscible, Polysorbate- 80 Miscible Helpful info Phenonip can withstand higher temperatures than many preservatives, up to up to 176 F. Phenonip can be used up to a maximum concentration of 1.33 % in cosmetic product, no further restrictions, according to Annex VI, 76/768/EEC (Europe). Phenonip is permitted for Japan up to 1.33 %, no further restrictions. Phenonip is considered safe as used (CIR 2006). Storage instructions The product must be protected from excessively high and low temperatures during storage. Although Phenonip provides excellent antimicrobial preservation, testing should be done to assure preservative efficacy, and this applies to all preservative systems. Phenonip was designed with cosmetics in mind and is especially effective in preventing bacteria, mold and fungal growth. It is especially effective in oil-based products, but also works well in aqueous solutions. Broad spectrum, liquid preservative ideal in variety of personal care applications, including oil-in-water, water-in-oil & all oil formulations such as lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, liquid soaps, scrubs and balms. It can be used in emulsions and anhydrous formulations. Effective in pH range of 3.0 - 8.0. Phenonip withstands high temperatures up to 176 F and is preferred over Germaben II for high temp applications. Phenonip can be added to the aqueous phase readily. It is 100% oil-soluble & .5% soluble in water. In emulsified systems, Phenonip is readily dissolved in the liquid phase prior to emulsification, although it is often good practice to divide the Phenonip content between the water & oil phases during their preparation (ie for lotion, add .5% to water phase & .5% to oil phase). If the water content of the formulation is low, it may not be convenient to add the preservative directly to water during manufacture. Heating the water to 140-176F prior to Phenonip addition will, in most instances, allow the appropriate quantity to be dissolved. For aqueous systems which cannot be heated, Phenonip can be incorporated by preparing a concentrate in a suitable solvent, e.g. propylene glycol or glycerin, and stirring this concentrate into the water. Emulsified systems, both o/w and w/o types, may be effectively preserved by the addition of Phenonip. Although Phenonip provides excellent antimicrobial preservation, individual testing should be done to assure preservative efficacy. Recommended usage of Phenonip: 0.5 - 1% Appearance of Phenonip: Clear, viscous liquid Formaldehyde Free INCI of Phenonip: Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Butylparaben, Propylparaben, Isobutylparaben Phenonip Phenonip is a combination of phenoxyethanol, methylparaben, butylparaben, ethylparaben and propylparaben. Have you noticed all the parabens? So basically phenohip is a group of parabens mixed with phenoxyethanol. As mentioned earlier in Part I, phenoxyethanol, also known as ethelyne glycol phenyl ether 11 glycol ether and glycol ethers are solvents used in paints and cleaning agents, 12 as well as preservatives in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. As stated previously, Phenoxyethanol is part of a family of chemically related compounds known as ethehelene glycol ethors, as research shows that there is evidence that this chemical is toxic to the liver and kidney, 13 and can lead to anemia. 14 For more information on the dangers of ethylene glycol ethers and their family members, see section 1 of the sequence. The dangers of many paraben species were also discussed in the first part. Phenonip was designed with cosmetics in mind and is especially effective in preventing bacteria, mold and fungal growth. It is especially effective in oil-based products, but also works well in aqueous solutions. Broad spectrum, liquid preservative ideal in variety of personal care applications, including oil-in-water, water-in-oil & all oil formulations such as lotions, creams, shampoos, conditioners, liquid soaps, scrubs and balms. It can be used in emulsions and anhydrous formulations. Effective in pH range of 3.0 - 8.0. Phenonip withstands high temperatures up to 176 F and is preferred over Germaben II for high temp applications.Phenonip can be added to the aqueous phase readily. It is 100% oil-soluble & .5% soluble in water. In emulsified systems, Phenonip is readily dissolved in the liquid phase prior to emulsification, although it is often good practice to divide the Phenonip content between the water & oil phases during their preparation (ie for lotion, add .5% to water phase & .5% to oil phase). If the water content of the formulation is low, it may not be convenient to add the preservative directly to water during manufacture. Heating the water to 140-176F prior to Phenonip addition will, in most instances, allow the appropriate quantity to be dissolved.For aqueous systems which cannot be heated, Phenonip can be incorporated by preparing a concentrate in a suitable solvent, e.g. propylene glycol or glycerin, and stirring this concentrate into the water. Emulsified systems, both o/w and w/o types, may be effectively preserved by the addition of Phenonip. Although Phenonip provides excellent antimicrobial preservation, individual testing should be done to assure preservative efficacy. Phenonip and similar mixed preservatives have been successfully used to protect most types of personal care products from microbial contamination. This liquid preservative is used to inhibit microbial growth in your creams lotions and salt/sugar scrubs. As with other preservations the correct use concentration depends upon several factors including the chemical and physical nature of the product its ability to support microbial growth and the likelihood of recontamination during use.Experience has shown that Phenonip will preserve many cosmetics and toiletries when incorporated at concentrations from 0.25% to 1.0%. This blend of preservatives is highly effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria yeasts and moulds and is suitable for Moisturisers Lotions and Creams Sugar Scrubs Conditioners to name but a few. The higher concentrations are typically only required for formulations which by their nature are particularly difficult to preserve. >Emulsified systems both o/w and w/o types may be effectively preserved by the addition of this preservative at 0.4 - 0.7%. Whilst emulsions based on non-ionic surfactants may require slightly increased concentrations eg. 0.5 - 1.0%. Shampoos and foam baths may be preserved with concentrations typically between 0.25 - 0.65%. Products with a high protein content may require levels from 0.5% - 1.0%. Other surfactant-based products for example liquid dishwashing detergents are generally preserved levels over the range 0.2% - 0.6%.Broad spectrum, liquid preservative system ideal for use in a wide variety of personal care applications. Effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, yeasts and molds and retains activity in the presence of most cosmetic ingredients. Phenonip is oil soluble. It can be used in emulsions and anhydrous formulations.Phenonip - A liquid preservative to inhibit a full range of microbial growth in your cremes, lotions, salt scrubs, dusting powders and liquid soap bases. This preservative is more suitable than Germaben II for products that are manufactured at higher temperature ranges. Temperature should be below 200F degrees when added to recipe. Phenonip is not a formaldehyde donor. Use at a rate of .5 -1.0% of the total weight of your product.While volume vs. weight measurements vary, these measurements may help you if you don't have a scale handy.Cosmetics and toiletries are a popular protective blend in the industry. It is the product of a comprehensive investigation of the combination of Nipa esters, optimized by Nipa in a convenient liquid form. It is an optimal blend of paraben esters in phenoxyethanol. In addition to the most effective ratio of the esters, an antimicrobial solvent option raises the activity spectrum, reducing the use concentration to a minimum. Benefits: - Broad spectrum activity; gram positive, gram negative bacteria, efficacy against yeast and seeds. - Easily incorporated into formulations. - pH: Does not lose its activity in the range of 3-8. - Compatible with a wide range of cosmetic raw materials. - It is not volatile, it does not lose any protection even in long-term storage. - Old-fashioned stable; aqueous solutions can withstand autoclave sterilization without loss of activity. - Has an excellent toxicological profile and is not irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. - Their composition is biodegradable. - Phenonip has not been tested on animals that are longer than 10 years. - Phenonip's components spontaneously sprout in a variety of plants and animals. Applications: Many types of personal care products are successfully used to protect microbial contamination. Similar to other preservatives, the correct use concentration depends on the ability to support microbial growth, including the chemical and physical properties of the product, and the likelihood of recoiling during use. Experiments have shown that cosmetics and toiletries are retained when added at concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1.0%. Higher concentrations are generally necessary for natural formulations that are difficult to maintain. Shampoos and bath foams can typically be stored at concentrations of 0.25-0.65% with Phenonip. High protein content may require 0.5-1.0%. Other surfactant-based products (eg liquid dishwashing detergents) are usually preserved at concentrations of 0.2-0.6% of phenonip.Emulsified systems can be effectively protected by adding both o / w and w / o types of Phenonip between 0.4-0.7%. Phenonip may be used to protect non-ionic surfactant-based emulsions, but slightly increasing concentrations may be required (eg, 0.5-1%). Note: The effectiveness of Phenonip in the control of gram negative bacteria guided the use of Phenonip in some skin antiseptic products where traditional antiseptic agents have a weakness in their activity spectrum against these organisms. Usage: Phenonip can easily be added to the limit of the solubility limit. The relatively low aqueous solubility of the phenonip means that if the water content of the formulation is low, it is not feasible to add the preservative directly to the water during production. Heating the water to about 60-70 ° C before the phenonip is added allows the appropriate amount to be dissolved many times. For non-heatable aqueous systems, a concentrate of Phenonip in a suitable solvent (e.g., in propylene glycol) can be added by mixing it into the water to provide a final concentration below the maximum water solubility of the phenonip in water. Emulsification systems; Phenonip is readily dissolved in the liquid phase prior to emulsification, although separation of the Phenonip content between the aqueous and lipid phases during the preparation is good practice.In surfactant and detergent-based products, phenonip may be dissolved in the surfactant prior to addition of water and other components. About the product All Natural Presevative - Broadspectrum preservative for Shampoo, lotion, cream etc. Preservative was designed with cosmetics in mind Can be used as a replacement for Optiphen Clear solution - mixes well in lotion making. - Great for waterbased sollutions. Nanosuspensions as aqueous formulations need to be preserved. However, preservatives could vitiate the physical stability of suspensions and to a greater extent nanosuspensions. The impact of six varied preservatives on the physical stability of previously prepared nanosuspensions was studied. The hesperetin nanosuspensions were stabilized using plantacare 2000.30 cycles of high pressure homogenization (HPH) led to a mean photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) diameter of 335 nm. The preservatives were, caprylyl glycol, Euxyl PE9010, Hydrolite-5, MultiEx naturotics, Phenonip and Rokonsal PB5. On one hand, aggregations were noticed after adding caprylyl glycol, MultiEx naturotics and Phenonip reaching PCS mean diameters of about 500, 1070, 800 nm, respectively. While on the other hand Euxyl PE9010, Hydrolite-5 and Rokonsal PB5 have not significantly affected the physical stability of the nanosuspensions with mean PCS diameters of about 365, 332, 350 nm, respectively. The obtained nanosuspensions were further characterized by measuring zeta potential. From the obtained data it was found that the lipophilicity of the used preservatives demonstrates major influence on the stability of the nanosuspensions, i.e. the higher lipophilicity of the preservative, the stronger the destabilizing effect. Briefly, highly hydrophilic preservatives are recommended to preserve hesperetin nanosuspensions in order to maintain their physical stability during storage. Phenonip, is an effective broad spectrum preservative that provides activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria, yeasts and molds, and retains activity in the presence of most cosmetic ingredients. It is an excellent choice for many cosmetic and personal care applications, especially oil-based products. It works across a broad range of formulating spectrums, and is also effective in aqueous solutions, Oil-in-water, water-in-oil & all oil formulations. So whether you are formulating lotions, creams, balms, scrubs, or even shampoos, and body washes Phrnonip may be an excellent choice as a preservative.Phenonip is a synergistic blend of esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) in phenoxyethanol designed for preservation of a wide range of cosmetics and toiletries. INCI: Phenoxyethanol, Methylparaben, Ethylparaben, Butylparaben, Propylparaben, Isobutylparaben Usage levels may vary depending on your exact formula. Phenonip will preserve cosmetics and toiletries when incorporated at concentrations from 0.25 % to 1 %. The higher concentrations are generally required only for formulations which are particularly difficult to preserve.Phenoip is 100% oil-soluble and is not very water Soluble (see info below ) in water, but works well in emulsified systems. Phenonip can be readily dissolved in a liquid phase prior to emulsification. Depending on your formulation, it may be effective to split the amount you will use in to two phases between the water & oil phases during their preparation (ie when making a cream or butter product, add .5% to water phase & .5% to oil phase).For aqueous formulations, like shampoos that are cold blended you can add Phenonip by adding it to a suitable solvent like propylene glycol or glycerin, and stirring this concentrate into the water.Usage Levels In Aqueous systems / formulations like shampoos and foam baths may be preserved with Phenonip at concentrations between 0.25 % to 0.65 %. However, products with high protein content may require levels from 0.5 % - 1 %. Other surfactant- based formulations, for example liquid dishwashing detergents, are generally preserved with Phenonip over the range 0.2 %- 0.6 %. Emulsified systems, both O/W and W/O types, may be effectively preserved by Phenonip at 0.4 %- 0.7 %. Phenonip can also be used to preserve emulsions based on nonionic surfactants, but slightly increased concentrations may be required, e.g. increase usage to 0.5 -1 %.

cas no 52645-53-1 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS,3RS;1RS,3SR)-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate; 3-phenoxybenzyl (1RS)-cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2- dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate;

Phenoxetol is an ideal animicrobial preservative for aqueous products based on anionic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants.
Phenoxetol is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative for cosmetic, toiletry and pharmaceutical applications, such as shampoos, foam baths, shower gels or liquid detergents.
Phenoxetol is chemically inert and is therefore compatible with the majority of types of chemical compounds.

CAS: 122-99-6
MF: C8H10O2
MW: 138.16
EINECS: 204-589-7

Phenoxetol is a cosmetic grade of 2-Phenoxyethanol, which is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative for cosmetics and toiletries.
Phenoxetol is derived from 100% bio-ethanol resulting in a renewable carbon index (RCI) of 25%.
Phenoxyethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5OC2H4OH.
Phenoxetol is a colorless oily liquid. It can be classified as a glycol ether and a phenol ether.
Phenoxetol is a common preservative in vaccine formulations.
Phenoxetol is an antimicrobial preservative.
Phenoxetol is based on anionic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Phenoxetol is effective against water-borne gram-negative bacteria, yeast and molds.
Phenoxetol is chemically inert, has a low order of toxicity, volatility and is non-irritant to skin, eyes and mucous membranes at use concentrations.
Phenoxetol remains fully stable over a wide temperature and pH range.
Suitable for leave-on and rinse off formulations.
Phenoxetol is used in shower, liquid- & bar soap, shampoo, wet wipe, hair conditioner, antiperspirant and deodorant.
Also used for cream, lotion, color cosmetics, hair styling and sun protection products.

Phenoxetol is a preservative that is used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.
Phenoxetol is a glycol ether with a phenolic hydroxyl group that has been shown to have antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.
Phenoxetol has been found to be effective at concentrations between 0.1% and 1%, with an optimum concentration of 0.2%.
Phenoxetol can be used as a disinfectant for wastewater treatment plants as well as in animal feedlots and animal housing facilities.
Phenoxetol is also toxic to blood cells and can cause damage to cell nuclei when used at higher concentrations (>0.5%).
The levels of phenoxyethanol in the environment are typically low (0.01 parts per billion).

Phenoxetol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 11-13 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 247 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.102 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.8 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.539
FEMA: 4620 | 2-PHENOXYETHANOL
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: soluble, clear, colorless to very faintly yellow
pka: 14.36±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Specific Gravity: 1.109 (20/4℃)
Odor: Faint aromatic odor
PH Range: 7 at 10 g/l at 23 °C
PH: 7 (10g/l, H2O, 23℃)
Explosive limit: 1.4-9.0%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 30 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7257
BRN: 1364011
InChIKey: QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.2 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 122-99-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phenoxetol (122-99-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Phenoxetol (122-99-6)

Uses
Phenoxetol used as 1% aqueous solution for the preservation of animal specimens.
A 1% solution is easily prepared by dissolving in hot water whilst stirring and then cooling for use.
Phenoxetol is not a fixative and usually samples should be prefixed in Formalin before immersion in Propylene Phenoxetol.

Skin
Is Phenoxetol safe to use in skin care? Generally, yes.
Although there is research that says phenoxyethanol can cause irritation– and in some cases, even hives– Phenoxetol's important to note that those studies are generally looking at large concentrations of phenoxyethanol used over long periods of time.

Production
Phenoxetol is produced by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides.
Phenoxetol has a long history of use, with its discovery credited to the German chemist Otto Schott in the early 20th century.
Since then, Phenoxetol has been extensively studied and applied in various industries.

Synonyms
2-PHENOXYETHANOL
Phenoxyethanol
122-99-6
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
Phenyl cellosolve
Phenoxethol
Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-
Phenoxytol
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether
Phenoxetol
2-Phenoxyethan-1-Ol
Phenoxyethyl alcohol
1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane
Rose ether
Phenylmonoglycol ether
Arosol
Dowanol EP
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
Glycol monophenyl ether
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
Phenylglycol
Fenyl-cellosolve
2-Fenoxyethanol
Dowanol EPH
2-Phenoxy-ethanol
Emery 6705
Emeressence 1160
Fenylcelosolv
beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
EGMPE
NSC 1864
Fenylcelosolv [Czech]
MFCD00002857
PHE-G
.beta.-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
2-Fenoxyethanol [Czech]
Fenyl-cellosolve [Czech]
Marlophen P
Plastiazan-41 [Russian]
NSC-1864
Plastiazan-41
Marlophen P 7
Spermicide 741
Tritonyl 45
Ethylan HB 4
Phenoxyethanol [NF]
.beta.-Phenoxyethanol
HSDB 5595
EINECS 204-589-7
9004-78-8
UNII-HIE492ZZ3T
.beta.-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
BRN 1364011
2-Phenoxyethyl--d4 Alcohol
HIE492ZZ3T
AI3-00752()C
CCRIS 9481
Ethylene glycol-monophenyl ether
DTXSID9021976
FEMA NO. 4620
CHEBI:64275
NSC1864
FR 214
Phenoxyethanol (NF)
NCGC00090731-01
NCGC00090731-05
(2-Hydroxyethoxy)benzene
EC 204-589-7
4-06-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID401976
Erisept
beta-Phenoxyethanol
CAS-122-99-6
PHE-S
phenylcellosolve
Dalpad A
Phnoxy-2 thanol
Phenoxy -Ethanol
2-phenyloxyethanol
Newpol EFP
2- phenoxyethanol
2-phenoxy ethanol
?-Hydroxyphenetole
2 - phenoxyethanol
2-(phenoxy)ethanol
beta-Hydroxyphenetole
Etanol, 2-fenoxi-
2-phenoxy-1-ethanol
beta-phenoxyethylalcohol
starbld0047047
EPE (CHRIS Code)
2-Phenoxyethanol, 9CI
2-Phenoxyethanol, 99%
ETHANOL,2-PHENOXY
WLN: Q2OR
PHENOXYETHANOL [II]
SCHEMBL15708
2-Phenoxyethanol, >=99%
PHENOXYETHANOL [HSDB]
PHENOXYETHANOL [INCI]

cas no 98-67-9 p-Hydroxybenzenesulfonic Acid; Phenolsulfonic acid; Phenol-4-sulfonic acid; 4-Phenolsulfonic Acid;

Phenoxy Ethanol Phenoxy ethanol is a germicidal and germistatic glycol ether, phenol ether, and aromatic alcohol often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds. Use of Phenoxy ethanol Phenoxy ethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis. Phenoxy ethanol is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives.[4] In Japan and the EU, its concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%. Production of Phenoxy ethanol Phenoxy ethanol is produced by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides. Efficacy of Phenoxy ethanol Phenoxy ethanol is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans.[6] Phenoxy ethanol by Lanxess is used as a crosslinking agent. Phenoxy ethanol is effective against gram positive and gram negative bacteria and fungi. Phenoxy ethanol complies with FDA 21 CFR 175.105 for indirect food contact use in adhesives. Safety Phenoxyethanol is a vaccine preservative and potential allergen, which may result in a nodular reaction at the site of injection.[8] It reversibly inhibits NMDAR-mediated ion currents.[9] Ingestion may cause central nervous system and respiratory depression, vomiting and diarrhea in infants, particularly when combined with chlorphenesin. What is phenoxy ethanol? Phenoxy ethanol is a preservative used in many cosmetics and personal care products. You may have a cabinet full of products containing this ingredient in your home, whether you know it or not. Chemically, phenoxy ethanol is known as a glycol ether, or in other words, a solvent. CosmeticsInfo.org describes Phenoxy ethanol as "an oily, slightly sticky liquid with a faint rose-like scent." You likely come into contact with this chemical on a regular basis. But is it safe? The evidence is mixed. We'll review the most relevant scientific research about this common cosmetics ingredient. You can decide whether you'd like to keep or banish it from your personal care products arsenal. How's Phenoxy ethanol used? Many mainstream and boutique cosmetics products contain Phenoxy ethanol. Phenoxy ethanol's often used as a preservative or stabilizer for other ingredients that might otherwise deteriorate, spoil, or become less effective too quickly. Phenoxy ethanol is also used in other industries, including in vaccines and textiles. This article focuses on Phenoxy ethanol's role in topical cosmetics. Perhaps most famously in the public consciousness, Phenoxy ethanol was used in Mommy Bliss brand nipple cream. In 2008, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)Trusted Source recalled it as unsafe for breastfeeding infants, due to concerns about how it affects their central nervous system. Why is it added to cosmetics? In perfumes, fragrances, soaps, and cleansers, Phenoxy ethanol works as a stabilizer. In other cosmetics, Phenoxy ethanol's used as an antibacterial and/or a preservative to prevent products from losing their potency or spoiling. When combined with another chemical, some evidence indicates that it's effective at reducing acne. One 2008 study on 30 human subjects with inflammatory acne showed that after six weeks of twice-daily applications, more than half of the subjects saw a 50 percent improvement in their number of pimples. Manufacturers who want to avoid using parabens, which have recently lost favor among health-conscious consumers, might use Phenoxy ethanol in their products as a substitute. But is Phenoxy ethanol safer than parabens for topical use in humans? ADVERTISEMENT Get Answers from a Doctor in Minutes, Anytime Have medical questions? Connect with a board-certified, experienced doctor online or by phone. Pediatricians and other specialists available 24/7. Is phenoxy ethanol safe? Deciding whether or not you want to use products with this chemical is a complicated decision. There's conflicting data about its safety. Most of the concern stems from recorded incidents of bad skin reactions and nervous system interaction in infants. Possible health concerns Allergies and skin irritation In humans Phenoxy ethanol is known to cause allergic-type reactions on the skin in some people. Some argue that these bad reactions are the result of allergies in the test subjects. Others argue that it's simply a skin irritant that affects different people at different levels. Phenoxy ethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products and also as a stabilizer in perfumes and soaps.[1] Exposure to Phenoxy ethanol has been linked to reactions ranging from eczema[2] to severe, life-threatening allergic reactions.[3] Infant oral exposure to Phenoxy ethanol can acutely affect nervous system function.[4] FOUND IN: Moisturizer, eye shadow, foundation, sunscreen, conditioner, mascara, eye liner, shampoo, lip gloss, concealer, body wash, hand cream, blush, hair color, hair spray, lip balm, lotion, nail polish, baby wipes, baby lotions and soaps, soap (liquid and bar), shaving cream, deodorant, toothpaste, fragrance, hair removal waxes, hand sanitizer and ultrasound gel. WHAT TO LOOK FOR ON THE LABEL: Phenoxy ethanol, 2-Phenoxy ethanol, Euxyl K® 400 (mixture of Phenoxy ethanol and 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane), PhE WHAT IS Phenoxy ethanol? Phenoxy ethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products to limit bacterial growth. A review of 43 cosmetic products demonstrated that only 25 percent of the products had concentrations of Phenoxy ethanol greater than 0.6 percent and the mean concentration of Phenoxy ethanol was 0.46 percent.[5] Phenoxy ethanol is also used as to stabilize components found in perfumes and soaps. VULNERABLE POPULATIONS: Individuals allergic to Phenoxy ethanol and breast-feeding infants. REGULATIONS: The European Economic Community (EEC) Cosmetics Derivative[13] and the Cosmetics Regulation of the European Union approved Phenoxy ethanol in concentrations up to one percent. [14] HOW TO AVOID: Infants should not be exposed to cosmetic products containing Phenoxy ethanol. If you are allergic, read labels and avoid personal care products and vaccines with Phenoxy ethanol and since parabens may enhance the allergic effects of Phenoxy ethanol, skip products containing both chemicals. If you are not allergic, Phenoxy ethanol is a relatively safe preservative in regard to chronic health effects. What it is: Phenoxy ethanol can be found naturally in green tea, but the commercial ingredient is synthetically produced in a laboratory creating what’s termed a “nature identical” chemical. Specifically, it’s created by treating phenol with ethylene oxide in an alkaline medium which all reacts to form a pH-balanced ingredient. What it does: Fights bacteria. Most personal care products are made with a lot of water and a variety of nutrients (consider all of the natural oils and botanicals in Honest products!) which makes an incredibly hospitable breeding ground for microorganisms. What’s worse – the product might smell and look just fine, but be swarming with bacteria or fungi that are dangerous to your health. Effective preservatives are vital for ensuring safety! Why we use it: We use Phenoxy ethanol in a very low concentration as a preservative in 5 of our products (Stain Remover, Multi-Surface Spray, Dish Soap, Hand Soap & Laundry Detergent) because the most accessible alternatives for these types of formulas include parabens and formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. Both are classes of chemicals with demonstrable evidence of potential health risks, whereas Phenoxy ethanol is very safe at low levels. It’s been tested on the skin and eyes and it is non-irritating and non-sensitizing at levels of 2.2% or lower while being effective at only 1% concentrations. The European Union and Japan both approve its use up to that 1% level and our formulas fall well below the recommendation at 0.5% or less (depending on the specific product). Even better, Phenoxy ethanol doesn’t react with other ingredients, air or light. This kind of stability makes it an especially effective preservative. We’d like to point out a study that helped inform our decision to use it – a study conducted on pre-term newborn babies finding a Phenoxy ethanol-based antiseptic as the preferred, gentle formula that’s quickly metabolized by even a premature baby’s system. As certain skin care ingredients fall out of favor with consumers, brands have been switching up their formulas to accommodate the demand. And often, this involves ditching the parabens and using a chemical called Phenoxy ethanol instead. But what is Phenoxy ethanol, exactly? And is it even safe? What is Phenoxy ethanol? According to board-certified dermatologist Kiran Mian, D.O., Phenoxy ethanol is a preservative that's used in cosmetics, perfumes, and toiletries. It's colorless, oily, and has a rose-like odor. Chemically speaking, it's an ether alcohol that's naturally found in green tea. But most of the Phenoxy ethanol you'll come across is synthesized in a lab. On that note, you probably use this chemical more often than you think. About 23.9% of personal products contain Phenoxy ethanol, so it's a pretty common preservative. It's likely in most of your products, from leave-on cosmetics (like lipsticks) to rinse-off formulas (like cleansers). And you're probably about to see a lot more of it, too. With the increasing popularity of paraben-free products, many skin care brands have used Phenoxy ethanol in place of parabens. It can be listed on a label under several names, including 2-Phenoxy ethanol, phenoxytol, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, and 1-hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane. What is Phenoxy ethanol used for in skin care? In skin care, Phenoxy ethanol is used to enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of a product. Here's how it works: 1. It prevents microbial growth. Although it may sound unpleasant, your cosmetic products double as the perfect home (and food) for harmful microorganisms. It's all thanks to water and organic/inorganic compounds, which is found in basically every product. Phenoxy ethanol helps by preventing the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold, says Jessie Cheung, M.D., board-certified dermatologist. It fights bacteria by making holes in their membranes, which essentially makes them implode, adds Mian. Phenoxy ethanol also disrupts DNA and RNA synthesis in bacteria and yeast, so it's impossible for them to reproduce, she notes. In turn, these microbes can't multiply and contaminate your beloved skin care products. 2. It stabilizes products. "Phenoxy ethanol is compatible with many other preservatives," says Cheung, and it doesn't react with light or air. Therefore, it's used to prevent ingredients from breaking down or separating, helping your product stay stable. What's more, Phenoxy ethanol itself is stable at a wide range of pHs, notes Cheung, so it works well in a variety of formulas. 3. It enhances the shelf life of your products. As a preservative, Phenoxy ethanol is ultimately used to extend a product's lifespan. Its antimicrobial and stabilizing properties protect the formula from spoilage, which would render the product useless—and unsafe. This increases the length of time you can enjoy the product without any issues. (It's still smart to check the expiration date, though!) Are there any side effects? Phenoxy ethanol is generally recognized as a safe, well-tolerated preservative. Yet, there have been a few reports of this substance causing adverse effects. In a 2010 case study, a woman developed an allergic reaction—in the form of hives and anaphylaxis—after using a skin care product with Phenoxy ethanol. The researchers did a specific Phenoxy ethanol skin test and found that she was allergic to the preservative. There was also a 2015 report of Phenoxy ethanol causing irritation. The preservative, which was applied via ultrasound gel, led to contact dermatitis. Also, in 2008, the FDA issued a warning "for a nipple cream containing Phenoxy ethanol and chlorphenesin, another preservative [that causes] central nervous system effects, as the two ingredients could synergistically increase the risk of respiratory depression in nursing infants," says Cheung. Finally, in animal studies, Phenoxy ethanol has caused negative effects at very high doses. However, any potential toxicity happens at exposure levels much higher—around 200 times more—than what's used in cosmetics. It's also worth noting that reports of side effects are rare—extremely rare. (Consider them the exception, not the rule.) When used at the low concentrations (less than 1%) found in cosmetics, Phenoxy ethanol is unlikely to cause harmful or unpleasant outcomes. Who shouldn't use it? "Even though Phenoxy ethanol is regarded as low-risk, you can be sensitized to any chemical," explains Cheung. So, if you have sensitive skin, she recommends proceeding with caution when using any new skin care products—including those with Phenoxy ethanol. If you think you have a Phenoxy ethanol allergy, do a patch test first, suggests Mian. Apply a small amount to your inner wrist. Keep an eye on the area for 24 hours. You can keep using the product if you don't develop a reaction. If you do have a reaction, remember that it could be caused by any ingredient in the formula. Your best bet is to visit your dermatologist to try to pinpoint the culprit. And if you're pregnant or breastfeeding? Avoid using products with Phenoxy ethanol, just to be safe, and check with your doctor first. The takeaway. If you're a fan of paraben-free products, there's a good chance you've been regularly using Phenoxy ethanol. Don't worry, though—it's unlikely that it will cause irritation or side effects. Not to mention, it's better than the alternative. Just be mindful of the ingredients you are using in general. Phenoxy ethanol is a widely used synthetic preservative that has global approval for use in all cosmetic products in concentrations up to 1%. It’s often used in even lower amounts, such as when combined with other ingredients like ethylhexylglycerin. In this case, lower amounts of Phenoxy ethanol can be just as effective as the maximum approved amount. Phenoxy ethanol is incredibly versatile: It works in a large range of formulas and pH ranges, has broad spectrum activity against many pathogens you don’t want multiplying in your skincare products, is stable, and is compatible with many other preservatives used in cosmetics. Phenoxy ethanol has become the new skincare ingredient to be demonized by various retail/natural marketing cosmetic companies and websites. The controversy is similar to the absurdity over paraben preservatives. Parabens were made evil in skincare products because of studies showing they are endocrine disruptors, but parabens don’t have that property when they absorb into skin. Much like parabens, Phenoxy ethanol being a problem in cosmetics is based on research that has nothing to do with skincare. The negative research about Phenoxy ethanol is not about the cosmetics-grade version. That’s a big difference. Even plant extracts have to be purified when they are removed from the ground and put into skincare products. No one wants worms, fertilizer, heavy metals, and dirt in their products. Phenoxy ethanol is the same situation, it is purified before it is used in cosmetic formulations. As with many cosmetic ingredients, concentration matters. A 100% concentration of Phenoxy ethanol comes with some scary warnings. For example, the Safety Data Sheet on this preservative describes it as harmful if it contacts skin, is inhaled, or gets in to the eyes. Animal studies have shown it causes reproductive and developmental toxicity—no wonder some panic is occurring! As it turns out, the animal studies were about mice being fed large doses of this preservative, not about it being applied to skin, absorbing, and then causing reproductive or developmental harm. If you fed mice mass amounts of lavender or other essential oils, they would suffer terrible consequences. The rest of the alarming studies are about using Phenoxy ethanol in full-strength or atypically high concentrations, not the amounts of 1% or less used in cosmetic products. Think of it as the difference between taking one sip of wine versus chugging several bottles at once! Back to topical use, research has shown that compared to many other preservatives, the incidence of a sensitized or allergic reaction to Phenoxy ethanol applied as used in cosmetics is rare. But the truth is all preservatives, even the natural ones, carry some risk of sensitizing skin. That’s because preservatives of any kind are meant to kill fungus, bacteria, and mold and that can negatively impact skin. Ironically, in order for natural preservatives to be effective, they have to be used in much higher amounts than synthetic preservatives, typically up to 10%. This higher amount poses irritation and sensitizing problems for skin, so natural preservatives aren’t a slam-dunk replacement for synthetics, not even close. An interesting factoid: although the Phenoxy ethanol used in skincare products is synthetic, this chemical occurs naturally in green tea, just like parabens occur naturally in berries and other natural foods. Phenoxy ethanol (fee-no-oxy-ethanol) is part tongue twister, part chemical. More specifically, Phenoxy ethanol is a preservative that’s used to limit bacterial growth in many of the cosmetics you know and love. If you’ve been wondering about this mystery ingredient lingering on the label of your favorite products, we’re here to clear the air. Read through to learn all about what Phenoxy ethanol is, why its safety is questionable in certain products, and why we choose not to use it in ours. What Is Phenoxy ethanol? Phenoxy ethanol is a lesser known skin care ingredient that has flown under the radar of the average consumer for some time. Though this preservative isn’t quite in the danger zone of parabens and formaldehyde releasers, it does raise important concerns about safety. Phenoxy ethanol is a chemical preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products to limit bacterial growth and extend shelf life. It’s often used as a stabilizer for other ingredients that might otherwise deteriorate, spoil, or become less effective too quickly – it’s often employed along with perfumes, soaps, and bubble baths. You probably use this chemical more often than you think; about 23.9% of personal products contain Phenoxy ethanol, so it's one of those most common preservatives. Why We Choose Not To Use Phenoxy ethanol In Our Products Chemically, Phenoxy ethanol is known as a glycol ether – in other words, a solvent. According to the CDC, organic solvents can be carcinogens, reproductive hazards, and neurotoxins. Since many solvents a.k.a. chemicals are toxic, they can impact the skin and alter skin properties. These chemicals and a host of others are commonly found in lotions, moisturizers, liquid foundations, and sunscreen. It goes without saying why we choose not to use Phenoxy ethanol because it is a chemical preservative. It can be listed on a label under several names: 2-Phenoxy ethanol, phenoxytol, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, and 1-hydroxy-2-Phenoxy ethanol. We prefer to use more natural preservatives like honeysuckle, tocopherols, and plant-based antioxidants. Honeysuckle The intoxicating scent of these delicate, trumpet-like beauties boast powerful properties as a natural preservative. It acts as an effective agent against harmful microorganisms that keeps serums, lotions, and other beauty potions fresh and safe. Tocopherols A form of Vitamin E, tocopherols are effective natural preservatives that can help maintain the freshness and shelf life of products. They’re a safe and effective solution to protect lipids and prevent oxidation – or a product’s alteration in formula – that can occur in cosmetics and skin care products, especially cold-pressed oils. This oxidation can alter the lifespan of a product and its freshness and effectiveness. Antioxidants The use of antioxidants can also be considered important for maintaining the stability of the formulations. In terms of preservation, they are highly effective when it comes to reducing oxidation: a chemical reaction that often takes place when an ingredient is exposed to oxygen, resulting in rancidity and degeneration at a cellular level. Is Phenoxy ethanol Really That Bad? The short answer with a not-so-short conclusion, is that it depends who you ask. For instance, the Skin Deep database powered by EWG (the Environmental Working Group) rates the preservative as low hazard. But it still has the capability for harm, or cause an adverse effect – which is precisely why some brands won’t include the ingredient. On the other hand, there are companies who use Phenoxy ethanols BUT only in a small percentage. A familiar household brand, The Honest Company, only uses a tiny amount of the preservative to fight bacteria. Their plant based formulations, when paired with water, can create a breeding ground for fungi – so an effective preservative or stabilizer is in order! Using an effective preservative is critical for ensuring safety – something we know The Honest Company stands by. Phenoxy ethanol is only used in their dish and hand soaps, laundry detergent, stain remover, and surface spray. They consider the amount unsubstantial, and limit its use to only a few of their products. But what about those side effects we mentioned earlier? How Phenoxy ethanol Can Affect Skin and Health On the surface, these fairly unassuming preservatives may not seem that bad – but going a little deeper, there is a conversation questioning its safety for those with certain skin types. Granted the FDA and The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) as well as other companies using this preservative can agree on one thing: it’s safe when applied topically in concentrations of 1 percent or lower. Still, questions are lingering regarding the safety of Phenoxy ethanol for sensitive skin types, in regards to allergic reactions and skin irritation. Several studies have indicated that those with sensitive skin can experience allergic-type reactions, due in part to having pre-existing allergies. Some studies simply identify it as a skin irritant that can affect different people at varying levels. Symptoms can range from rashes to a more severe response of hives. Other Effects of Phenoxy ethanol on Your Health If you scratch the surface further on Phenoxy ethanol, there are additional conversations about its adverse health effects for urinary incontinence. Phenoxy ethanol has been linked to partial loss of the urgency to urinate, as well as pain attributed to the preservative while urinating. Phenoxy ethanol is also often found in baby soaps and bubble baths, begging the question of their safety for the most delicate of skin. Phenoxy ethanol is thought to cause central nervous system damage in exposed infants – not to mention the aforementioned risk of urinary tract discomfort and irritation. As we’ve emphasized, there are a variety of reasons to accept or dispel the use of Phenoxy ethanol in skin and health applications and products. While there are mixed reviews as to the potential ill-effects of this ingredient, know that we’ll always play it safe when it comes to hazardous preservatives! Phenoxy ethanol DANGERS: IS Phenoxy ethanol SAFE AND WHAT IS Phenoxy ethanol IN SKINCARE? There are little known cosmetic ingredients and then there are those that are more familiar. Parabens created a media explosion a decade ago that has resulted in nearly everyone at least knowing about these controversial compounds. While we don’t consider parabens acceptable for use in our formulations here at Blissoma, they certainly aren’t the only mainstream preservatives to avoid when shopping skincare. Phenoxy ethanol is a synthetic preservative that can be found in a wide range of skincare products. And while it's considered by some to be safer than parabens, this preservative has its good and bad points like any chemical. That’s why we’d like to shed light on the Phenoxy ethanol dangers that can exist, and the ways it interacts with your body. WHAT IS Phenoxy ethanol IN SKINCARE? Phenoxy ethanol in cosmetics and personal care products is most commonly used as a synthetic preservative. This ingredient is produced for commercial use by treating phenol, a crystalline solid obtained from coal tar, with ethylene oxide, a carbolic acid. Both coal tar and ethylene oxide are known to contain carcinogenic compounds but some feel the process of combining the two makes Phenoxy ethanol safe for use as a cosmetic preservative. It is from a class of chemical compounds called glycol ethers. Phenoxy ethanol occurs naturally in small amounts in green tea and chicory, but the version you will find in cosmetic products is always made in a lab. This makes it "nature identical" at best when found in your skincare. This issue creates interesting questions about what "natural" really is - it is a naturally occurring compound, is it a compound extracted directly from plants, or is it ok to synthesize it, and does the chemical feedstock matter? These issues are ones that the natural, green, and clean beauty world is still wrestling with. We believe that the chemical feedstock absolutely matters, and that further the quantity of a compound that a person is likely to encounter in the natural world also matters. When a compound that occurs only in trace amounts in natural sources is highly concentrated in a lab and then used on human beings at levels they would not normally contact in nature it fundamentally changes how we are interacting with that substance. This issue has been explored previously with other preservative controversies like that around "Plantservative", the Japanese honeysuckle extract based preservative. Other compounds like undecane that are now sneaking into green beauty products have this same issue. The line for what is to be considered natural and what is non natural is currently a battleground and is likely to remain that way. Phenoxy ethanol is not allowed in cosmetic products applying for EcoCert or COSMOS certification. This already means that many natural-focused customers will choose to avoid this ingredient. Paraben fear has prompted many cosmetics makers to use Phenoxy ethanol as a preservative. And while it may not have the reputation of parabens or carry the same potential risks, there are reasons to consider steering clear of this ingredient. The best way to avoid synthetic preservatives is to read ingredient listings. Here’s how Phenoxy ethanol shows up on product labels: Phenoxy ethanol, 2-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, 2-phenoxy- ethanol, 2-Phenoxy ethanol, 2-phenoxyethyl alcohol, ethanol, 2-phenoxy-, ethanol, 2phenoxy, ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Phenoxy ethanol, and phenoxytol. Contaminated skincare is a bad thing but synthetic preservatives have drawbacks too. And skipping synthetics doesn’t mean you have to forgo safe products. There are many natural preservatives that can be utilized in their place for lotions, creams, and serums that have water content. Green chemistry has continued to evolve in leaps and bounds and there are more choices of naturally based preservatives on the market for formulators than ever before. However the way that naturally based preservatives work is more complicated than many synthetic anti microbial ingredients, and they often cost more as raw materials. Usually a combination of several is needed in order to satisfy the needs of protecting a product from fungi and bacteria alike, which are sensitive to different things. More rigorous testing is needed to devise naturally based preservative systems that work in each individual product, which can also drive up development and laboratory costs. This can leave cosmetic manufacturers eager for the simplicity of using a broadly effective, comparatively "easy" ingredient like Phenoxy ethanol. IS Phenoxy ethanol SAFE IN SKINCARE? A quick Google search on Phenoxy ethanol safety will likely leave you stumped. There are two camps when it comes to this issue – those who feel the ingredient poses no risks when used as directed in concentrations of 1% or lower and those who feel it’s best avoided. You may want to note that Japan and the EU are the places where Phenoxy ethanol is currently restricted by law to be used at 1% or less. In the USA no such restrictions exist, nor is there any third party verification of ingredients content. This could mean that product manufacturers in the USA that use this ingredient may be using in excess of the advised 1% level, particularly if there are ingredients in a formulation that were preserved with Phenoxy ethanol prior to being added to the final recipe. If Phenoxy ethanol is then added to the final recipe at 1% this would put the total amount in the product over the 1% limit. It is nearly impossible to know if manufacturers are doing their math carefully to avoid this situation with no legal restrictions on them in the USA to cause them to act more cautiously. As always, it’s a good idea to do your research when concerned about a cosmetic ingredient and to follow brands whose ingredient commitment you trust. Brands dedicated to creating synthetic-free products will avoid Phenoxy ethanol. We did some digging and found that this preservative comes with some potential unwanted side effects. THE Phenoxy ethanol DANGERS YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT Properly preserved skincare is a priority for safety, but which preservatives we use and how often are important choices. Whether Phenoxy ethanol is safe or not is likely to be a personal decision for most people, and there is definitely some study data you will want to know about as you consider how you feel about this preservative. A lot of the scientific study data available on Phenoxy ethanol is relatively old, and generally in the scientific world anything older than 10 years is very old since new testing methods and ideas are constantly evolving and new data is always being produced. With that in mind there are a few points of data you will want to know about. Phenoxy ethanol HAS A RELATIVELY LOW RISK OF SENSITIZING SKIN, BUT PEOPLE WITH ECZEMA MAY WANT TO AVOID IT ANYWAY. Phenoxy ethanol has been in use since the early 1980s, and very few incidents of contact allergy were reported in its early days of use. Reports of contact allergy increased in the 1990s and 2000s which could be simply due to its increased use in products. It could also represent growing sensitization in the population using it. However a 2011 study showed that Phenoxy ethanol showed one of the lowest risks of sensitization among preservatives evaluated in that study. The test group also included benzyl alcohol, parabens, and methylisothiazolinone (now known to cause contact allergy in many people). The sensitization exposure quotient (SEQ) was calculated by dividing the relative frequency of sensitization and the relative frequency of use. By this method Phenoxy ethanol was shown to have an SEQ of just .06 while methylisothiazolinone has an SEQ of 1.7. Some preservatives tested had SEQ values up to 9.0. Some of the worst cases of skin sensitization that have been seen with Phenoxy ethanol occurred when it was being used as a component ingredient in the branded preservative blend known as Euxyl-K 400. The other chemical compound in Euxyl-K 400 is 1,2-dibromo-2.4-dicyanobutane. The sensitizing capability of this blend has been known since the early 1990s and most cosmetic manufacturers are probably not using this blended ingredient anymore. All that said the SEQ calculated above was derived using data from a body of information collected between 2006-2009 and includes frequency of use as one of the criteria. The use of Phenoxy ethanol in cosmetics has absolutely risen over the last 10 years, meaning that those numbers could shift given that frequency of use would be way up. Frequency of contact contributes to sensitization. As well the data would have represented a broad section of people, which is great if you have "normal" skin. However if you are someone suffering from eczema or frequent contact allergies it could be far more likely

cas no 122-99-6 Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethyl Alcohol; Arosol; 2-phenoxy-Ethanol; Dowanol EPh; Glycol monophenyl ether; Phenoxetol; Phenoxyethanol; Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Phenyl cellosolve; 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane; 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether; Ethylene glycol phenyl ether; Phenoxytol; Phenylmonoglycol ether; 2-Fenoxyethanol; 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol; Plastiazan-41 (Russian); Fenylcelosolv; Phenoxethol; Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether;

Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Phenoxyethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5OC2H4OH.
Phenoxyethanol is a colorless oily liquid.


CAS Number: 122-99-6
EC Number: 204-589-7
MDL number: MFCD00002857
Chemical formula: C8H10O2


Phenoxyethanol can be classified as a glycol ether and a phenol ether.
Phenoxyethanol is a common preservative in vaccine formulations.
Phenoxyethanol is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives.


In Japan and the European Union, Phenoxyethanol's concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%.
Phenoxyethanol is produced by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides.
Phenoxyethanol is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans.


Phenoxyethanol is an aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
Phenoxyethanol has a role as an antiinfective agent and a central nervous system depressant.
Phenoxyethanol is a primary alcohol, a glycol ether and an aromatic ether.


Phenoxyethanol is functionally related to a phenol.
Phenoxyethanol is a natural product found in Cichorium endivia and Allium cepa with data available.
Phenoxyethanol is chemical preservative, a glycol ether often used in dermatological products such as skin creams and sunscreen.


Phenoxyethanol is a colorless oily liquid.
Phenoxyethanol’s pretty much the current IT-preservative.
Phenoxyethanol’s safe and gentle, but even more importantly, it’s not a feared-by-everyone-mostly-without-scientific-reason paraben.


You may have a cabinet full of products containing Phenoxyethanol in your home, whether you know it or not.
Chemically, phenoxyethanol is known as a glycol ether, or in other words, a solvent.
Perhaps most famously in the public consciousness, it was used in Mommy Bliss brand nipple cream.


Phenoxyethanol is an aromatic ether widely used in cosmetics. It has been widely used since the 1950s.
Phenoxyethanol is also used as a fixer (increasing the permanence of solvent and fragrance) in perfumes and soaps.
Phenoxyethanol is a very good alternative to parabens and does not release formaldehyde like DMDM ​​Hydantoin, so it is one of the safest preservatives to preserve the microbiological stability of products.


Phenoxyethanol is a worldwide approved preservative for all cosmetic products.
According to the regulation, the maximum usage rate is 1%.
Studies and all data obtained to date have shown that phenoxyethanol is not toxic when taken orally (oral) and dermally (skin).


Phenoxyethanol used in cosmetic products can be synthetic, but it is found naturally in green tea.
Studies with dermal applications revealed that phenoxyethanol is not teratogenic (causing embryo damage), embryotoxic and fetotoxic.
Phenoxyethanol has been determined that it does not have mutagenic properties by Ames tests.


Phenoxyethanol has been proven by clinical studies that it is not a primary irritant and does not cause sensitivity.
Again, as a result of clinical studies, Phenoxyethanol has been revealed that it is not phototoxic.
Technically, phenoxyethanol forms via a reaction between phenol (EU) and ethylene oxide (EU).


Aside from acting as a preservative, it’s even been used in vaccines.
You’ll find phenoxyethanol in everything from eye creams to moisturizers, so it’s a good idea to understand what it does and doesn’t do.
Phenoxyethanol is also chemically stable, which means it won’t alter the state or fragrance of your skin care.


In addition, Phenoxyethanol is biodegradable.
But perhaps most importantly– phenoxyethanol is safer than other preservatives, such as parabens, which may mimic estrogen and therefore increase the chance of breast cancer.
Phenoxyethanol’s also considered to be safer than formaldehyde, another popular preservative.


Phenoxyethanol is a glycol ether used as a preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
Phenoxyethanol is a kind of alcohol ester with aromatic properties that can enhance the fragrance of cosmetic products.
Phenoxyethanol is a transparent liquid, easily soluble in alcohol, water and oil.


Phenoxyethanol occurs naturally in small amounts in green tea and chicory, but the version you will find in cosmetic products is always made in a lab.
Phenoxyethanol is a clear, colourless liquid with a faint rose odour, which occurs naturally but is more usually synthetic.
Phenoxyethanol is one of the most common preservatives used in personal care products.


Phenoxyethanol is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Phenoxyethanol is a glycol ether used as a perfume fixative, insect repellent, antiseptic, solvent, preservative, and also as an anesthetic in fish aquaculture.
Phenoxyethanol is an ether alcohol with aromatic properties.


Phenoxyethanol is both naturally found and manufactured synthetically.
Demonstrating antimicrobial ability, phenoxyethanol acts as an effective preservative in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants.
Phenoxyethanol is the most commonly used globally-approved preservative in personal care formulations.


Phenoxyethanol is very easy to use in various types of formulations and is chemically stable.
Phenoxyethanol is a colorless, clear, oily liquid with a faint aromatic odor at room temperature and a low water solubility and evaporation rate.
Phenoxyethanol is produced by reacting phenol (EU) and ethylene oxide (EU) at a high temperature and pressure.


Phenoxyethanol occurs naturally in green tea (EU).
Phenoxyethanol has been classified as an antimicrobial and preservative by Health Canada.
Phenoxyethanol has also been used in vaccines and shown to inactivate bacteria, and several types of yeast


Phenoxyethanol has broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria, yeasts, and mold.
Phenoxyethanol is incredibly versatile in that it works in a large range of formulas and pH ranges and offers broad-spectrum activity against many pathogens.
Phenoxyethanol is both water and oil soluble and is compatible with many other preservatives used in cosmetics.


Phenoxyethanol is a widely used synthetic preservative with global approval for use in rinse-off or leave-on cosmetic products in concentrations up to 1%.
Phenoxyethanol’s often used in even lower amounts, especially when combined with other preservatives.
Think of Phenoxyethanol this way: even plant extracts have to be purified when they are removed from the ground and put into skin care products.


No one wants worms and dirt in their products.
Phenoxyethanol is similar in that it’s purified before it’s used in cosmetic formulations, and it in that form it’s safe, backed by decades of safety assessments.
Although the phenoxyethanol used in skin care products is synthetic, this chemical occurs naturally in green tea.


Phenoxyethanol is produced by ethoxylation (a very polluting chemical process) by reacting phenol and ethylene oxide at high temperature and pressure.
Phenoxyethanol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Phenoxyethanol is a gentle preservative (or a glycol ether if we’re going to be technical about it).


Unlike other preservatives, phenoxyethanol is versatile.
Phenoxyethanol can work effectively with an extensive range of formulations and pH ranges to rid your skincare products of Gram-negative bacteria and protect them against pathogens.


Phenoxyethanol is also stable, doesn’t react with other ingredients, air or light, and is compatible with them.
If we had to describe the ingredient, Phenoxyethanol's most apparent trait would be its aromatic, rose-like scent and sticky texture.
Found in most cosmetics and personal care products, chances are you’ve probably slathered this ingredient on your skin before!


Phenoxyethanol is a synthetic ether alcohol, and usually appears in the form of a colourless oily liquid with a mild rose-balsamic aroma.
We use Phenoxyethanol in some of our products as a preservative, keeping them stable and working at their best.
Phenoxyethanol is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, including onions and endives.


Phenoxyethanol is found naturally in green tea.
However, for commercial purposes, Phenoxyethanol is made synthetically in the lab and is known as a ‘nature identical’ chemical.
When ethylene oxide and phenol are treated in an alkaline medium, Phenoxyethanol results in this light-colored and rosy smelled ingredient.


Phenoxyethanol is a sticky and oily substance that is generally used in cosmetic and skincare products as a preservative.
Phenoxyethanol is known as glycol ether in chemical terms and is also a solvent that stabilizes various ingredients because it does not react with light or air.
The chemical formula of Phenoxyethanol is C8H10O2. It increases the shelf life of products that may otherwise spoil too quickly by developing a bacterial or fungal layer on them.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol is a bactericide (usually used in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds), often used in place of sodium azide in biological buffers because phenoxyethanol is less toxic and non-reactive with copper and lead.
Phenoxyethanol is used in many applications such as cosmetics, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as a preservative.


Phenoxyethanol is also used as a fixative for perfumes, an insect repellent, a topical antiseptic, a solvent for cellulose acetate, some dyes, inks, and resins, in preservatives, pharmaceuticals, and in organic synthesis.
Phenoxyethanol has germicidal and germistatic properties.


Phenoxyethanol is often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a perfume fixative.
Phenoxyethanol is used as an insect repellent.


Phenoxyethanol is used as an antiseptic.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants.


Phenoxyethanol is used as an anesthetic in fish aquaculture.
Phenoxyethanol is used in organic synthesis.
Phenoxyethanol’s not something new: Phenoxyethanol was introduced around 1950 and today it can be used up to 1% worldwide.


Phenoxyethanol can be found in nature - in green tea - but the version used in cosmetics is synthetic.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products and also as a stabilizer in perfumes and soaps.
Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in many cosmetics and personal care products.


The natural form of Phenoxyethanol obtained from green tea is widely used in natural cosmetic products.
Phenoxyethanol is mainly found in pharmaceutical products, including cosmetics and perfumes, in sunscreens, shampoos, creams and ointments.
Phenoxyethanol is also used in the chemical industry and laundry detergents, bactericides, inks, pesticides, paints, antiseptics, vaccines, resins and spermicidal gels.


Phenoxyethanol is widely used in rocket fuel production, paint and varnish industry.
Phenoxyethanol is generally used as the solvent, and improving agent for paints, printing ink, and ballpoint ink, as well as theinfiltrating and bactericide in the detergents, and film-forming aids for water-based coatings.


As a dyeing solvent, Phenoxyethanol can improve the solubility of the PVC plasticizer, the properties that enable the cleaning of printed circuit board and surface treatment of plastic, and become an ideal solvent for methyl hydroxybenzoate.
Phenoxyethanol is an ideal preservative in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic industry.


Phenoxyethanol is used as an anesthetic and fixative for perfume.
Phenoxyethanol is as an extractor in petroleum industry.
Phenoxyethanol can be used in UV curing agent and carrier liquid of liquid chromatography.


Phenoxyethanol is a synthetic preservative known by the acronym EGPhE, widely used in cosmetics and increasingly controversial.
Phenoxyethanol is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Phenoxyethanol is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: human hygiene, disinfection, food and animals feeds.


Other release to the environment of Phenoxyethanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Release to the environment of Phenoxyethanol can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
Phenoxyethanol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, anti-freeze products, washing & cleaning products and cosmetics and personal care products.


Other release to the environment of Phenoxyethanol is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Phenoxyethanol can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).


Phenoxyethanol can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery) and metal used for furniture & furnishings (e.g. outdoor furniture, benches, tables).
Phenoxyethanol is used in the following products: plant protection products, washing & cleaning products, cosmetics and personal care products, laboratory chemicals, coating products, lubricants and greases, polishes and waxes and perfumes and fragrances.


Other release to the environment of Phenoxyethanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Phenoxyethanol is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products and inks and toners.
Release to the environment of Phenoxyethanol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Phenoxyethanol is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.
Phenoxyethanol is used for the manufacture of: and chemicals.


Phenoxyethanol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, cosmetics and personal care products, metal working fluids, laboratory chemicals, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), lubricants and greases, textile treatment products and dyes and pH regulators and water treatment products.


Phenoxyethanol is used for the manufacture of: and chemicals.
Release to the environment of Phenoxyethanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Phenoxyethanol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Phenoxyethanol's used in many personal care products for its low toxicity, and as an alternative to parabens.


Bacteria, yeast and mould typically thrive in the watery environment of these products, but the addition of a small amount of phenoxyethanol can help control and prevent the growth of these microbes.
Though Phenoxyethanol is among the least sensitising preservatives of its kind available, a small percentage of people can still be sensitive to this ingredient on their skin.


We use Phenoxyethanol with care at very low concentrations, to achieve performance while prioritising safety.
Phenoxyethanol is often used as a substitute for toxic ingredients to extend the shelf life of products and prevent the growth of bacteria.
What makes Phenoxyethanol a really popular ingredient in the cosmetic industry is its faint rose-like smell that is very pleasant.


From sunscreens and shampoos to mascara and hair sprays - Phenoxyethanol is found in almost every product.
Phenoxyethanol is used as an antibacterial ingredient or preservative to prevent cosmetic and skin care products from spoiling.
Phenoxyethanol is also a stabilizer and is a common ingredient found in many products ranging from perfumes to shampoos.


-Skin care:
If the skin care products are not preserved properly, they develop various kinds of bacteria and fungi that can be very harmful if used. For this very purpose, Phenoxyethanol ingredient is added.
Apart from increasing the shelf life of many skin care products, Phenoxyethanol has been proven effective in reducing acne


-Hair care:
In products like shampoos and conditioners, Phenoxyethanol is especially loved because of its mild rosy smell.
Phenoxyethanol is helpful in stabilizing the products as it does not react with other ingredients and/or with light and air


-Cosmetic products:
With increasing demand for paraben-free cosmetic products among health-conscious consumers, Phenoxyethanol has become a very popular preserving ingredient.
If cosmetic products are not preserved properly, they turn very harmful to the skin and may cause irritation and many skin allergies.
Moreover, in the infamous Phenoxyethanol vs. paraben fight, the former wins because it is much safe and gentler on the skin



WHAT IS PHENOXYETHANOL?
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products to limit bacterial growth.
A review of 43 cosmetic products demonstrated that only 25 percent of the products had concentrations of phenoxyethanol greater than 0.6 percent and the mean concentration of phenoxyethanol was 0.46 percent.
Phenoxyethanol is also used as to stabilize components found in perfumes and soaps.
Found In:
*Moisturizer
*Eye shadow
*Foundation
*Sunscreen
*Conditioner
*Mascara
*Eye liner
*Shampoo
*Lip gloss
*Concealer
*Body wash
*Hand cream
*Blush
*Hair color
*Hair spray
*Lip balm
*Lotion
*Nail polish
*Baby wipes,
*Baby lotions and soaps
*Soap (liquid and bar)
*Shaving cream
*Deodorant
*Toothpaste
*Fragrance
*Hair removal waxes
*Hand sanitizer
*Ultrasound gel



WHY IS PHENOXYETHANOL ADDED TO COSMETICS?
In perfumes, fragrances, soaps, and cleansers, phenoxyethanol works as a stabilizer.
In other cosmetics, Phenoxyethanol’s used as an antibacterial and/or a preservative to prevent products from losing their potency or spoiling.
When combined with another chemical, some evidence indicates that Phenoxyethanol’s effective at reducing acne.



WHAT COSMETICS IS PHENOXYETHANOL FOUND IN?
You can find phenoxyethanol as an ingredient in a wide variety of cosmetics and hygiene products, including:
*perfume
*foundation
*blush
*lipstick
*soaps
*hand sanitizer
*ultrasound gel, and more



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
In cosmetics, phenoxyethanol can be degraded by ethylene, phenyl, ether and glycol.
Phenoxyethanol is also known by other chemical names such as phenoxytol, phenoxetol, rose ether, phenylcellosolve, and ethylene glycol monophenyl ether.
A chemical property was discovered during testing of dermatological products.
The feature of Phenoxyethanol is that, in addition to its protective properties, it has been observed that it blocks the fixing aromas in perfume and soap, the odor does not evaporate and it lasts longer.



WHAT IS PHENOXYETHANOL IN SKIN CARE?
IS PHENOXYETHANOL SAFE?
Phenoxyethanol in skin care is used as a preservative.
Although the kind of phenoxyethanol used in skin care is synthetic (known as “nature identical,” it mimics the natural version exactly), phenoxyethanol is actually found in nature, specifically in green tea and chicory.
Phenoxyethanol ensures that yeast, mold, and bacteria don’t develop and ultimately, end up on your skin.



BENEFITS OF PHENOXYETHANOL IN COSMETICS:
Phenoxyethanol has a wide range of antimicrobial activity.
Phenoxyethanol is effective in protecting the product from the growth of yeast, mold, all kinds of bacteria, including those resistant to antibiotics such as Gram-negative bacteria, which are the main agents of purulent and inflammatory processes.


HOW IS PHENOXYETHANOL USED?
Many mainstream and boutique cosmetics products contain Phenoxyethanol.
Phenoxyethanol’s often used as a preservative or stabilizer for other ingredients that might otherwise deteriorate, spoil, or become less effective too quickly.
Phenoxyethanol is also used in other industries, including in vaccines and textiles.



WHAT DOES PHENOXYETHANOL DO IN A FORMULATION?
-Preservative:
Phenoxyethanol is an oily, slightly sticky liquid with a faint rose-like scent.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in a wide variety of both leave-on and rinse-off cosmetics and personal care products, including skin care, eye makeup, fragrances, blushers, foundations, lipstick, bath soaps, and detergents, among others.
Phenoxyethanol has been reviewed by experts worldwide who have concluded it is safe as used in these products.



WHY IS PHENOXYETHANOL USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Phenoxyethanol has been used safely since the 1950s as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products.
Phenoxyethanol is highly effective in preventing the growth of fungi, bacteria, and yeast that could cause products to spoil, just like food. The use of preservatives enhances products’ shelf life and safety.
Products that contain water are susceptible to mold, discoloration, or unpleasant odors caused by the bacteria and fungi naturally present in the environment.
As cosmetics are used, they come in contact with the skin and applicators that contact the skin, thus potentially exposing the product to these harmful microorganisms.
Under certain conditions, an inadequately preserved product can become contaminated, which could cause health problems such as irritation or infection.
Products contaminated by microorganisms may also negatively impact how the product performs, looks, feels, and smells.
Preservatives like phenoxyethanol help prevent such problems.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol has antibacterial properties and is effective against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa even in the presence of 20% serum.
Phenoxyethanol not as effective against Proteus vulgaris, other gram-negative organisms, and gram-positive organisms.
Phenoxyethanol has been used as a preservative at a concentration of 1%.
A wider spectrum of antimicrobial activity is achieved with preservative mixtures of phenoxyethanol and hydroxybenzoates. Phenoxyethanol may be used as a 2.2% solution or a 2% cream for the treatment of superficial wounds, burns, or abscesses infected by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
In skin infection, derivatives of phenoxyethanol are used in combination with either cyclic acid or zinc undecenoate.



WHAT IS PHENOXYETHANOL IN SKINCARE?
Phenoxyethanol in cosmetics and personal care products is most commonly used as a synthetic preservative.
Phenoxyethanol is produced for commercial use by treating phenol, a crystalline solid obtained from coal tar, with ethylene oxide, a carbolic acid.



WHAT COSMETICS CONTAIN PHENOXYETHANOL?
Studies show that phenoxyethanol was found in 23.9% of products in the United States.
Specifically in 43.09% of drugstore skincare, 23.29% of personal care products sold in supermarkets, and 14.1% of cosmetics from herbal shops.



YOU CAN ALSO FIND PHENOXYETHANOL IN THE FOLLOWING PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS:
*Perfume
*Foundation
*Blush
*Lip products
*Eye shadow
*Mascara
*Eyeliner
*Concealer
*Nail polish
*Cleansers
*Moisturizers
*Serums
*Creams
*Lotions
*Sunscreen
*Soaps
*Conditioner
*Shampoo
*Hair products
*Hand sanitizer
*Deodorant
*Toothpaste
*Ultrasound gel
*Baby wipes and lotions
*Shaving cream
*Hair removal waxes



WHAT IS PHENOXYETHANOL USED FOR IN SKIN CARE?
In skin care, phenoxyethanol is used to enhance the quality, safety, and effectiveness of a product.
Here's how Phenoxyethanol works:

1.
Phenoxyethanol prevents microbial growth:
Although Phenoxyethanol may sound unpleasant, your cosmetic products double as the perfect home (and food) for harmful microorganisms.
Phenoxyethanol's all thanks to water and organic/inorganic compounds, which is found in basically every product.

Phenoxyethanol helps by preventing the growth of bacteria3, yeast, and mold, board-certified dermatologist.
Phenoxyethanol fights bacteria by making holes in their membranes, which essentially makes them implode.
Phenoxyethanol also disrupts DNA and RNA synthesis in bacteria and yeast, so Phenoxyethanol's impossible for them to reproduce.
In turn, these microbes can't multiply and contaminate your beloved skin care products.

2.
Phenoxyethanol stabilizes products:
Phenoxyethanol is compatible with many other preservatives, and it doesn't react with light or air.
Therefore, Phenoxyethanol's used to prevent ingredients from breaking down or separating, helping your product stay stable.
What's more, phenoxyethanol itself is stable at a wide range of pHs, so Phenoxyethanol works well in a variety of formulas.

3.
Phenoxyethanol enhances the shelf life of your products:
As a preservative, phenoxyethanol is ultimately used to extend a product's lifespan.
Phenoxyethanol's antimicrobial and stabilizing properties protect the formula from spoilage, which would render the product useless—and unsafe.
This increases the length of time you can enjoy Phenoxyethanol without any issues.



BENEFITS OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
There are many benefits to using phenoxyethanol as a preservative in skin care, not the least of which is that it extends the shelf life of products drastically.
Without a preservative like phenoxyethanol, most skin care products would be useless in a very short period of time.
They could also be potential carriers of bacteria and fungi to the skin, causing visible infections.



PHENOXYETHANOL AT A GLANCE:
Popular synthetic preservative that’s been globally approved for use in cosmetics in up to 1%
Protects formulas from broad-spectrum pathogenic activity
Backed by decades of research and safety assessments
Versatile in that it is compatible in a large range of formulas/pH ranges
Considered gentle on skin (incidence of a sensitized reaction to phenoxyethanol is rare)



WHAT DO PRESERVATIVES DO?
Preservatives in skin care prevent the growth of yeast, mold, and bacteria.
Just like food, skin care, make-up, and fragrances all have a certain shelf life and without some kind of preservative, that shelf life would be very short.



IS PHENOXYETHANOL SAFE?
Yes, phenoxyethanol is safe.
According to the Cosmetic Ingredient Review, when used in concentrations of 1% or less, phenoxyethanol in skin care is safe.
This is also the same standard used by the European Commission on Health and Food Safety.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHENOXYETHANOL:
Chemical formula: C8H10O2
Molar mass: 138.166 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless oily liquid
Odor: faint rose-like
Density: 1.102 g/cm3
Melting point: −2 °C (28 °F; 271 K)
Boiling point: 247 °C (477 °F; 520 K)
Solubility in water: 26 g/kg
Solubility: Chloroform, Alkali, diethyl ether: soluble
Solubility in peanut oil: slightly
Solubility in olive oil: slightly
Solubility in acetone: miscible
Solubility in ethanol: miscible
Solubility in glycerol: miscible
Vapor pressure: 0.001 kPa (0.00015 psi)
Thermal conductivity: 0.169 W/(m⋅K)
Refractive index (nD): 1.534 (20 °C)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: weak
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 11 - 13 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 244 - 246 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 9 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,4 %(V)
Flash point 126 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature at > 997 - < 1.001 hPa: 475 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 7 at 10 g/l at 23 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 41 mPa.s at 19,8 °C
Water solubility 28,6 g/l at 20,7 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,107 Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,02 hPa at 25 °C , 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
Density 1,107 g/mL at 20 °C - lit.
Relative density 1,11 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: 4,77 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties none
Other safety information

Surface tension 70,7 mN/m at 1g/l at 19,9 °C
Relative vapor density: 4,77 - (Air = 1.0)
Molecular Weight: 138.16
XLogP3: 1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 138.068079557
Monoisotopic Mass: 138.068079557
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 77.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-Phenoxyethan-1-ol
Phenoxyethanol
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
Phenoxytolarosol
Dowanol EP / EPH
Protectol PE
Emery 6705
Rose ether
1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane
β-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
Phenyl cellosolve
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
PHE
PHE-G
PHE-S
PhG
Phenylglycol
2-PHENOXYETHANOL
Phenoxyethanol
122-99-6
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
Phenyl cellosolve
Phenoxethol
Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-
Phenoxytol
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether
Phenoxetol
2-Phenoxyethan-1-Ol
Phenoxyethyl alcohol
1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane
Rose ether
Phenylmonoglycol ether
Arosol
Dowanol EP
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
Glycol monophenyl ether
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
Phenylglycol
Fenyl-cellosolve
2-Fenoxyethanol
Dowanol EPH
2-Phenoxy-ethanol
Emery 6705
Emeressence 1160
Fenylcelosolv
beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
NSC 1864
MFCD00002857
PHE-G
.beta.-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
NSC-1864
2-phenoxy ethanol
9004-78-8
Phenoxyethanol [NF]
.beta.-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
HIE492ZZ3T
DTXSID9021976
FEMA NO. 4620
CHEBI:64275
NSC1864
Phenoxyethanol (NF)
NCGC00090731-01
NCGC00090731-05
DTXCID401976
EGMPE
Plastiazan-41
beta-Phenoxyethanol
CAS-122-99-6
.beta.-Phenoxyethanol
HSDB 5595
PHE-S
EINECS 204-589-7
UNII-HIE492ZZ3T
BRN 1364011
AI3-00752()C
phenylcellosolve
CCRIS 9481
Ethylene glycol-monophenyl ether
Dalpad A
2-phenyloxyethanol
Newpol EFP
2-(phenoxy)ethanol
beta-Hydroxyphenetole
2-phenoxy-1-ethanol
beta-phenoxyethylalcohol
starbld0047047
2-Phenoxyethanol, 9CI
2-Phenoxyethanol, 99%
WLN: Q2OR
EC 204-589-7
PHENOXYETHANOL [II]
SCHEMBL15708
2-Phenoxyethanol, >=99%
PHENOXYETHANOL [HSDB]
PHENOXYETHANOL [INCI]
4-06-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS002174254
ethyleneglycol monophenyl ether
Euxyl K 400 (Salt/Mix)
2-PHENOXYETHANOL [MI]
PHENOXYETHANOL [MART.]
PHENOXYETHANOL [USP-RS]
PHENOXYETHANOL [WHO-DD]
2-PHENOXYETHANOL 500ML
CHEMBL1229846
AMY9420
HMS2268A20
NSC1864NSC 1864
HY-B1729
STR04582
ZINC1577061
Tox21_111002
Tox21_113532
Tox21_202111
Tox21_300842
BBL027410
PHENOXYETHANOL [EP MONOGRAPH]
STK802556
2-Phenoxyethanol, analytical standard
Fungal Terminator [veterinary] (TN)
AKOS000118741
Tox21_111002_1
DB11304
NCGC00090731-02
NCGC00090731-03
NCGC00090731-04
NCGC00090731-06
NCGC00090731-07
NCGC00090731-08
NCGC00254745-01
NCGC00259660-01
56257-90-0
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, >=90%
SMR000112131
ETHANOL,2-PHENOXY MFC8 H10 O2
CS-0013737
FT-0613280
P0115
P1953
EN300-19339
2-Phenoxyethanol, tested according to Ph.Eur.
D08359
A805003
Q418038
SR-01000838345
J-510235
SR-01000838345-2
F1905-6997
Z104473570
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, SAJ first grade, >=95.0%
Phenoxyethanol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Phenoxyethanol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
2-Phenoxyethanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
2-phenoxyethanol
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
Phenoxytol
Phenyl cellosolve
Phenylmonoglycol ether

Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products and also as a stabilizer in perfumes and soaps.
Exposure to phenoxyethanol has been linked to reactions ranging from eczema to severe, life-threatening allergic reactions.
Infant oral exposure to phenoxyethanol can acutely affect nervous system function.

CAS: 122-99-6
MF: C8H10O2
MW: 138.16
EINECS: 204-589-7

Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products to limit bacterial growth.
A review of 43 cosmetic products demonstrated that only 25 percent of the products had concentrations of phenoxyethanol greater than 0.6 percent and the mean concentration of phenoxyethanol was 0.46 percent.
Phenoxyethanol is also used as to stabilize components found in perfumes and soaps.
Studies show that it is not a primary or cumulative skin irritant.
Phenoxyethanol is generally considered safe for use in a concentration of less than 1%.
Products last longer.
When you see preservatives like phenoxyethanol on your product labels, you know they will last longer.

Phenoxyethanol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 11-13 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 247 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.102 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.8 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.539
FEMA: 4620 | 2-PHENOXYETHANOL
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: soluble, clear, colorless to very faintly yellow
Pka: 14.36±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Specific Gravity: 1.109 (20/4℃)
Odor: Faint aromatic odor
PH Range: 7 at 10 g/l at 23 °C
PH: 7 (10g/l, H2O, 23℃)
Explosive limit: 1.4-9.0%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 30 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7257
BRN: 1364011
InChIKey: QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.2 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 122-99-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phenoxyethanol (122-99-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: Phenoxyethanol (122-99-6)

Uses
Phenoxyethanol is a broad-range preservative with fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, and germicidal properties.
Phenoxyethanol has a relatively low sensitizing factor in leave-on cosmetics.
Phenoxyethanol can be used in concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0 percent, and in combination with other preservatives such as sorbic acid or parabens.
In addition, Phenoxyethanol is used as a solvent for aftershaves, face and hair lotions, shampoos, and skin creams of all types.
Phenoxyethanol can be obtained from phenol.

Health Concerns
Allergen: Skin exposure to phenoxyethanol has been linked to allergic reactions ranging from eczema and hives to anaphylaxis.
A 2015 study found that Doppler ultrasound gel mostly caused skin inflammation, but there were rare reports of anaphylaxis, or life-threatening reactions.
Mixtures of phenoxyethanol and parabens found in Doppler ultrasound gel may lead to more severe allergic reactions than phenoxyethanol alone.
Eczema is also a common allergic reaction to skin exposure of products containing one percent or more phenoxyethanol.
Reactions only occur in the area of application and eczema subsides after avoidance of the product causing irritation.

Acute nervous system effects (infants): In 2008, the FDA warned consumers not to purchase Mommy’s Bliss Nipple Cream.
Phenoxyethanol, found in the cream, was depressing the central nervous system and causing vomiting and diarrhea in breast feeding infants.
Symptoms of a depressed nervous system include a decrease in infant’s appetite, difficulty waking the infant, limpness of extremities and change in skin color.
There is no known health risk to the mother.

Avoid
Infants should not be exposed to cosmetic products containing Phenoxyethanol.
If you are allergic, read labels and avoid personal care products and vaccines with phenoxyethanol and since parabens may enhance the allergic effects of phenoxyethanol, skip products containing both chemicals.
If you are not allergic, phenoxyethanol is a relatively safe preservative in regard to chronic health effects.

Synonyms
2-PHENOXYETHANOL
Phenoxyethanol
122-99-6
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
Phenyl cellosolve
Phenoxethol
Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-
Phenoxytol
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether
Phenoxetol
2-Phenoxyethan-1-Ol
Phenoxyethyl alcohol
1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane
Rose ether
Phenylmonoglycol ether
Arosol
Dowanol EP
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
Glycol monophenyl ether
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
Phenylglycol
Fenyl-cellosolve
2-Fenoxyethanol
Dowanol EPH
2-Phenoxy-ethanol
Emery 6705
Emeressence 1160
Fenylcelosolv
beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
EGMPE
NSC 1864
Fenylcelosolv [Czech]
MFCD00002857
PHE-G
.beta.-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
2-Fenoxyethanol [Czech]
Fenyl-cellosolve [Czech]
Marlophen P
Plastiazan-41 [Russian]
NSC-1864
Plastiazan-41
Marlophen P 7
Spermicide 741
Tritonyl 45
Ethylan HB 4
Phenoxyethanol [NF]
.beta.-Phenoxyethanol
HSDB 5595
EINECS 204-589-7
9004-78-8
UNII-HIE492ZZ3T
.beta.-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
BRN 1364011
2-Phenoxyethyl--d4 Alcohol
HIE492ZZ3T
AI3-00752()C
CCRIS 9481
Ethylene glycol-monophenyl ether
DTXSID9021976
FEMA NO. 4620
CHEBI:64275
NSC1864
FR 214
Phenoxyethanol (NF)
NCGC00090731-01
NCGC00090731-05
(2-Hydroxyethoxy)benzene
EC 204-589-7
4-06-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID401976
Erisept
beta-Phenoxyethanol
CAS-122-99-6
PHE-S
phenylcellosolve
Dalpad A
Phnoxy-2 thanol
Phenoxy -Ethanol
2-phenyloxyethanol
Newpol EFP
2- phenoxyethanol
2-phenoxy ethanol
?-Hydroxyphenetole
2 - phenoxyethanol
2-(phenoxy)ethanol
beta-Hydroxyphenetole
Etanol, 2-fenoxi-
2-phenoxy-1-ethanol
beta-phenoxyethylalcohol
starbld0047047
EPE (CHRIS Code)
2-Phenoxyethanol, 9CI
2-Phenoxyethanol, 99%
ETHANOL,2-PHENOXY
WLN: Q2OR
PHENOXYETHANOL [II]
SCHEMBL15708
2-Phenoxyethanol, >=99%
PHENOXYETHANOL [HSDB]
PHENOXYETHANOL [INCI]

Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Phenoxyethanol is miscible with propylene glycol and glycerin.
Phenoxyethanol is inactivated by highly ethoxylated compounds.


CAS Number: 122-99-6
EC Number: 204-589-7
MDL number: MFCD00002857
Origin(s): Synthetic
INCI name: PHENOXYETHANOL
Classification: Regulated, Alcohol, Preservative
Chemical formula: C8H10O2
Molecular Formula: C8H10O2 / C6H5OC2H4OH



SYNONYMS:
2-Phenoxyethan-1-ol, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Phenoxytolarosol, Dowanol EP / EPH, Protectol PE, Emery 6705, Rose ether, 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane, β-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, Phenyl cellosolve, Phenoxetol®, 2-PHENOXYETHANOL, 122-99-6, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Phenyl cellosolve, Phenoxethol, Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-, Phenoxytol, 2-Phenoxyethan-1-Ol, Ethylene glycol phenyl ether, 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane, Phenoxetol, Phenoxyethyl alcohol, Rose ether, Phenylmonoglycol ether, Arosol, Fenyl-cellosolve, 2-Fenoxyethanol, Dowanol EP, 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol, Glycol monophenyl ether, 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, Fenylcelosolv, Phenylglycol, Dowanol EPH, 2-Phenoxy-ethanol, Emery 6705, Emeressence 1160, EGMPE, beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, Plastiazan-41, NSC 1864, MFCD00002857, PHE-G, .beta.-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, HSDB 5595, UNII-HIE492ZZ3T, NSC-1864, 9004-78-8, EINECS 204-589-7, HIE492ZZ3T, BRN 1364011, CCRIS 9481, Phenoxyethanol [NF], Ethylene glycol-monophenyl ether, AI3-00752()C, DTXSID9021976, CHEBI:64275, PHE-S, .beta.-Phenoxyethyl alcohol, 2-Phenoxyethyl--d4 Alcohol, DTXCID401976, FEMA NO. 4620, EC 204-589-7, 4-06-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Phenoxyethanol (NF), NCGC00090731-01, NCGC00090731-05, PHENOXYETHANOL (II), PHENOXYETHANOL [II], PHG, PHENOXYETHANOL (MART.), PHENOXYETHANOL [MART.], PHENOXYETHANOL (USP-RS), PHENOXYETHANOL [USP-RS], Fenylcelosolv [Czech], 2-Fenoxyethanol [Czech], Fenyl-cellosolve [Czech], PHENOXYETHANOL (EP MONOGRAPH), PHENOXYETHANOL [EP MONOGRAPH], Plastiazan-41 [Russian], beta-Phenoxyethanol, CAS-122-99-6, .beta.-Phenoxyethanol, phenylcellosolve, Phenoxyethanolum, Dalpad A, 2-phenyloxyethanol, Newpol EFP, 2-phenoxy ethanol, 2-(phenoxy)ethanol, 2-phenoxy-1-ethanol, CPAP WIPES, VAXOL PURI, beta-phenoxyethylalcohol, starbld0047047, 2-Phenoxyethanol, 9CI, 2-Phenoxyethanol, 99%, WLN: Q2OR, SCHEMBL15708, 2-Phenoxyethanol, >=99%, PHENOXYETHANOL [HSDB], MLS002174254, ethyleneglycol monophenyl ether, Euxyl K 400 (Salt/Mix), 2-PHENOXYETHANOL [MI], Fungal Terminator (veterinary), PHENOXYETHANOL [WHO-DD], CHEMBL1229846, AMY9420, NSC1864, HMS2268A20, HY-B1729, STR04582, Tox21_111002, Tox21_113532, Tox21_202111, Tox21_300842, BBL027410, STK802556, 2-Phenoxyethanol, analytical standard, Fungal Terminator [veterinary] (TN), AKOS000118741, Tox21_111002_1, 1ST2538, DB11304, NCGC00090731-02, NCGC00090731-03, NCGC00090731-04, NCGC00090731-06, NCGC00090731-07, NCGC00090731-08, NCGC00254745-01, NCGC00259660-01, 56257-90-0, DA-76810, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, >=90%, SMR000112131, ETHANOL,2-PHENOXY MFC8 H10 O2, CS-0013737, NS00002984, P0115, P1953, EN300-19339, 2-Phenoxyethanol, tested according to Ph.Eur., D08359, G74506, SBI-0653920.0001, A805003, Q418038, SR-01000838345, J-510235, SR-01000838345-2, F1905-6997, Z104473570, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, SAJ first grade, >=95.0%, Phenoxyethanol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Phenoxyethanol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, InChI=1/C8H10O2/c9-6-7-10-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H, 2-Phenoxyethanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, C8H10O2, 2-Phenoxyethanol, 2-Phenoxyethyl Alcohol, Phenoxytol, Ethylene Glycol Monophenyl Ether, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether, Phenylmonoglycol Ether, Phenoxyethyl Alcohol, 2-Hydroxy Phenyl Ether, 2-Phenoxy Ethanol, 122-99-6, 2-Phenoxyethan-1-ol, Phenoxyethanol, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Phenoxytolarosol, Dowanol EP / EPH, Protectol PE, Emery 6705, Rose ether, 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane, β-hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, Phenyl cellosolve, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, PHE, PHE-G, PHE-S, PhG, Phenylglycol, 2-PHENOXYETHANOL, Phenoxyethanol, 122-99-6, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Phenyl cellosolve, Phenoxethol, Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-, Phenoxytol, Ethylene glycol phenyl ether, Phenoxetol, 2-Phenoxyethan-1-Ol, Phenoxyethyl alcohol, 1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane, Rose ether, Phenylmonoglycol ether, Arosol, Dowanol EP, 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol, Glycol monophenyl ether, 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, Phenylglycol, Fenyl-cellosolve, 2-Fenoxyethanol, Dowanol EPH, 2-Phenoxy-ethanol, Emery 6705, Emeressence 1160, Fenylcelosolv, beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, NSC 1864, MFCD00002857, PHE-G, .beta.-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, NSC-1864, 2-phenoxy ethanol, 9004-78-8, Phenoxyethanol [NF], .beta.-Phenoxyethyl alcohol, HIE492ZZ3T, DTXSID9021976, FEMA NO. 4620, CHEBI:64275, NSC1864, Phenoxyethanol (NF), NCGC00090731-01, NCGC00090731-05, DTXCID401976, EGMPE, Plastiazan-41, beta-Phenoxyethanol, CAS-122-99-6, .beta.-Phenoxyethanol, HSDB 5595, PHE-S, EINECS 204-589-7, UNII-HIE492ZZ3T, BRN 1364011, AI3-00752()C, phenylcellosolve, CCRIS 9481, Ethylene glycol-monophenyl ether, Dalpad A, 2-phenyloxyethanol, Newpol EFP, 2-(phenoxy)ethanol, beta-Hydroxyphenetole, 2-phenoxy-1-ethanol, beta-phenoxyethylalcohol, starbld0047047, 2-Phenoxyethanol, 9CI, 2-Phenoxyethanol, 99%, WLN: Q2OR, EC 204-589-7, PHENOXYETHANOL [II], SCHEMBL15708, 2-Phenoxyethanol, >=99%, PHENOXYETHANOL [HSDB], PHENOXYETHANOL [INCI], 4-06-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS002174254, ethyleneglycol monophenyl ether, Euxyl K 400 (Salt/Mix), 2-PHENOXYETHANOL [MI], PHENOXYETHANOL [MART.], PHENOXYETHANOL [USP-RS], PHENOXYETHANOL [WHO-DD], 2-PHENOXYETHANOL 500ML, CHEMBL1229846, AMY9420, HMS2268A20, NSC1864NSC 1864, HY-B1729, STR04582, ZINC1577061, Tox21_111002, Tox21_113532, Tox21_202111, Tox21_300842, BBL027410, PHENOXYETHANOL [EP MONOGRAPH], STK802556, 2-Phenoxyethanol, analytical standard, Fungal Terminator [veterinary] (TN), AKOS000118741, Tox21_111002_1, DB11304, NCGC00090731-02, NCGC00090731-03, NCGC00090731-04, NCGC00090731-06, NCGC00090731-07, NCGC00090731-08, NCGC00254745-01, NCGC00259660-01, 56257-90-0, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, >=90%, SMR000112131, ETHANOL,2-PHENOXY MFC8 H10 O2, CS-0013737, FT-0613280, P0115, P1953, EN300-19339, 2-Phenoxyethanol, tested according to Ph.Eur., D08359, A805003, Q418038, SR-01000838345, J-510235, SR-01000838345-2, F1905-6997, Z104473570, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, SAJ first grade, >=95.0%, Phenoxyethanol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard, Phenoxyethanol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, 2-Phenoxyethanol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 2-phenoxyethanol, 2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol, beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether, Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether, Phenoxytol, Phenyl cellosolve, Phenylmonoglycol ether



Phenoxyethanol is a synthetic preservative known by the acronym EGPhE, widely used in cosmetics and increasingly controversial.
Since 2012, the NASM (National Agency for the Safety of Medicines and Health Products) has recommended that Phenoxyethanol not be used in cosmetic products intended for babies and that its maximum content be set at 0.4% for other products intended for children under 3 years old.


Phenoxyethanol is one of the widely used and very efficient preservatives in cosmetic formulations.
However, Phenoxyethanol is fully fossil based.
Phenoxyethanoloffers the same performance as the fossil-based phenoxyethanol but comes with a higher naturality index.


Phenoxyethanol is a chemical compound in the form of glycol ether with an organic structure.
Phenoxyethanol's most important and distinctive feature is that Phenoxyethanol is a protective chemical.
Phenoxyethanol can be used with another antimicrobial chemical such as Sorbic Acid .


Phenoxyethanol has an activity level over a wide pH range.
Phenoxyethanol is in the chemical substance class with antifungal and antibacterial effects.
Phenoxyethanol is produced by ethoxylation (a highly polluting chemical process) by reacting phenol and ethylene oxide at high temperature and pressure.


Note, however, that phenoxyethanol is naturally present in green tea, but it is not this version of the compound that is used in cosmetics.
Due to its manufacturing process, Phenoxyethanol is banned in organic products.
Phenoxyethanol is stable up to 85°C (185°F) and has useful activity from pH 3 to 10.


Phenoxyethanol is soluble in most oils.
Phenoxyethanol is also soluble in water from 0.5 to 2.67 grams per 100 grams of water.
Phenoxyethanol is miscible with propylene glycol and glycerin.


Phenoxyethanol is inactivated by highly ethoxylated compounds.
In surfactant solution systems, the water must be saturated with Phenoxyethanol for activity.
If the level is too low, Phenoxyethanol acts as a nutrient for bacteria.


Phenoxyethanol is a preservative for use in cosmetics, such as shampoo and cream.
Phenoxyethanol protects the product from spoilage by micro-organisms such as bacteria.
Phenoxyethanol is also a fragrance compound for use in perfumes, for example.


Phenoxyethanol is a clear, colourless liquid with a faint rose odour, which occurs naturally but is more usually synthetic.
Phenoxyethanol is so valuable and healthy that only a tiny amount is required to fight bacteria - that way, there are more potent - beneficial ingredients in the bottle - as opposed to preservatives.


Phenoxyethanol is considered o­ne of the less irritating o­nes to use in formulations.
Phenoxyethanol does not release formaldehyde.
Phenoxyethanol is a weak biocide, most active against Gram-negative bacteria.


Phenoxyethanol is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
Phenoxyethanol is a glycol ether used as a perfume fixative, insect repellent, antiseptic, solvent, preservative, and also as an anesthetic in fish aquaculture.


Phenoxyethanol is an ether alcohol with aromatic properties. It is both naturally found and manufactured synthetically.
Demonstrating antimicrobial ability, phenoxyethanol acts as an effective preservative in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants.
Phenoxyethanol (EU), or PE, is the most commonly used globally-approved preservative in personal care formulations.


Phenoxyethanolis very easy to use in various types of formulations and is chemically stable.
Phenoxyethanol is a colorless, clear, oily liquid with a faint aromatic odor at room temperature and a low water solubility and evaporation rate.
Phenoxyethanol is produced by reacting phenol (EU) and ethylene oxide (EU) at a high temperature and pressure.


Phenoxyethanol occurs naturally in green tea (EU).
According to the European Union Cosmetics Regulation (EC) n.1223/2009, phenoxyethanol is authorized as a preservative in cosmetic formulations at a maximum concentration of 1.0%.


Phenoxyethanol has been classified as an antimicrobial and preservative by Health Canada.
Phenoxyethanol has also been used in vaccines and shown to inactivate bacteria, and several types of yeast.
Phenoxyethanol is a natural product found in Cichorium endivia and Allium cepa with data available.


Phenoxyethanol is chemical preservative, a glycol ether often used in dermatological products such as skin creams and sunscreen.
Phenoxyethanol is a colorless oily liquid.
Phenoxyethanol is the organic compound with the formula C6H5OC2H4OH.


Phenoxyethanol is a colorless oily liquid.
Phenoxyethanol can be classified as a glycol ether and a phenol ether.
Phenoxyethanol is a common preservative in vaccine formulations.


Phenoxyethanol is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives.
In Japan and the European Union, Phenoxyethanol's concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%.
Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in many cosmetics and personal care products.


You may have a cabinet full of products containing Phenoxyethanol in your home, whether you know it or not.
Chemically, phenoxyethanol is known as a glycol ether, or in other words, a solvent.
Phenoxyethanol is an oily, slightly sticky liquid with a faint rose-like scent.


You likely come into contact with Phenoxyethanol on a regular basis.
Phenoxyethanol’s pretty much the current IT-preservative.
Phenoxyethanol’s safe and gentle, but even more importantly, it’s not a feared-by-everyone-mostly-without-scientific-reason paraben.


Phenoxyethanol’s not something new: Phenoxyethanol was introduced around 1950 and today it can be used up to 1% worldwide.
Phenoxyethanol can be found in nature - in green tea - but the version used in cosmetics is synthetic.
Other than having a good safety profile and being quite gentle to the skin Phenoxyethanol has some other advantages too.


Phenoxyethanol is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Density of Phenoxyethanol is 1.02 g / cm3.
Phenoxyethanol is an aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
Phenoxyethanol has a role as an antiinfective agent and a central nervous system depressant.


Phenoxyethanol is a primary alcohol, a glycol ether and an aromatic ether.
Phenoxyethanol is functionally related to a phenol.
Phenoxyethanol is a bactericide (usually used in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds), often used in place of sodium azide in biological buffers because phenoxyethanol is less toxic and non-reactive with copper and lead.


While phenoxyethanol has gotten a bad rap in recent years, the controversial research behind this movement is not about the cosmetics-grade phenoxyethanol, and that’s important to keep in mind.
Think of it this way: even plant extracts have to be purified when they are removed from the ground and put into skin care products.


No one wants worms and dirt in their products.
Phenoxyethanol is similar in that it’s purified before it’s used in cosmetic formulations, and it in that form it’s safe, backed by decades of safety assessments.


Phenoxyethanol is a transparent liquid preservative for personal care products.
Phenoxyethanol is found in a wide range of skin care, hair care, and bath products.
Phenoxyethanol is a synthetic ether alcohol, and usually appears in the form of a colourless oily liquid with a mild rose-balsamic aroma.


We use Phenoxyethanol in some of our products as a preservative, keeping them stable and working at their best.
Phenoxyethanol is a synthetic chemical produced for industry, however it can be found naturally in some plants, including onions and endives.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anaesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis.
Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products.


Phenoxyethanol is a biocide which is most active against Gram-negative bacteria.
Phenoxyethanol is generally used in combination with other preservatives, in part because its activity is weak against yeast and mold.
Phenoxyethanol is used in the fragrance industry as a solvent and for its floral aroma.


Phenoxyethanol is an excellent solvent for parabens and other preservatives.
To boost activity against yeast and mold, consider combining Phenoxyethanol with Potassium Sorbate.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in creams, lotions and sunscreens in the cosmetic industry due to its non-irritating properties on the skin and very low allergenic properties.


Phenoxyethanol is the preferred cosmetic preservative because it can be used in a wide pH range.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in combination with sorbic acid and some preservatives at concentrations of 0.2% to 0.5%.
Phenoxyethanol is an effective protective chemical due to its bactericidal, fungicidal and insecticidal effects and antiseptic properties.


Phenoxyethanol is used in the manufacture of moisturizing creams.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative during the production of cosmetic preparations as a protein source for skin and hair.
Over time, vaccine manufacturing companies prefer Phenoxyethanol preservative instead of preservatives such as thiomersaline.


Phenoxyethanol is a preservative chemical used in the production of topically applied drugs in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Phenoxyethanol is an important component as a preservative in drugs used for acne treatment.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in pen ink and in the manufacture of ear drops.


Phenoxyethanol is used together with Caprylyl Glycol as a preservative in the manufacture of creams produced to eliminate wrinkles on the skin.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in the production of wet wipes.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.


Phenoxyethanol inhibits the growth of microorganisms and prevents product deterioration, such as discoloration and unpleasant odors.
Phenoxyethanol is also used as a stabilizer in perfumes and soaps to maintain product quality and performance.
We use Phenoxyethanol in variety of our cosmetics and personal care products, including makeup, skin care, hair care, and baby skin care products.


We also use Phenoxyethanol as a preservative and stabilizer in some of our household products such as laundry detergents and household cleaners.
Phenoxyethanol has been used as a safe and effective preservative and stabilizer.
According to independent scientists and scientific agencies around the world, phenoxyethanol is safe when used in proper concentrations, causing almost no allergic reactions.


Phenoxyethanol is one of the most common preservatives used in personal care products.
Preservative uses of Phenoxyethanol: The use of phenoxyethanol is very simple: mix with the other ingredients of the formula and its ready; heating is not necessary.


Use Phenoxyethanol about 0.8-1% in the finished product.
In professional cosmetics, the maximum dose of Phenoxyethanol is 1%, we recommend not to exceed this.
With some surfactants, for example Detergent (SLES), the maximum soluble amount of Phenoxyethanol is required for sufficient effect.


Phenoxyethanol is a common preservative used for skincare products that have been deemed a safe ingredient.
The primary purpose of Phenoxyethanol is to keep bacteria out of our organic ingredients.
Phenoxyethanol is remarkably effective against gram-negative bacteria and fungi.


Without a good preservative, the bacteria that can grow on a skincare product are way more harmful than the chemicals themselves.
Thanks to significant antimicrobial action, Phenoxyethanol is a helpful ingredient for formulas to treat dermatological such as acne and mycoses.
Phenoxyethanol can also be used as a plasticizer to improve the product's texture and a fixative agent for fragrances.


Phenoxyethanol is mostly used in combination with other preservatives.
Phenoxyethanol is stable up to 85C and useful from pH 3-10.
Phenoxyethanol is a free-flowing liquid that can be added easily to most formulations.


Phenoxyethanol is typically used at 0.1%.
It’s often used together with ethylhexylglycerin as it nicely improves the preservative activity of Phenoxyethanol.
Phenoxyethanol is a preservative used in some cosmetics to preserve product quality and ensure consumer safety by preventing the growth of microbes.


Phenoxyethanol can be used in many types of formulations as it has great thermal stability (can be heated up to 85°C) and works on a wide range of pH levels (ph 3-10).
Phenoxyethanol is also used in other industries, including in vaccines and textiles.
Phenoxyethanol has germicidal and germistatic properties.


Phenoxyethanol is often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis.


Phenoxyethanol is an oily, sticky substance with a pleasant odor often compared to roses.
Cosmetic products, soaps, and detergents are prone to going bad, just like the food we eat.
Phenoxyethanol helps to prevent fungi, bacteria, and yeast from growing in your products.


This gives them a longer shelf life and ensures safety.
Other uses of Phenoxyethanol include: Insect repellent, Antiseptic, Solvent‌, and Anesthetic in fish aquaculture.
Phenoxyethanol is used in many applications such as cosmetics, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as a preservative.


Phenoxyethanol is also used as a fixative for perfumes, an insect repellent, a topical antiseptic, a solvent for cellulose acetate, some dyes, inks, and resins, in preservatives, pharmaceuticals, and in organic synthesis.
Phenoxyethanol is a widely used synthetic preservative with global approval for use in rinse-off or leave-on cosmetic products in concentrations up to 1%.


Phenoxyethanol’s often used in even lower amounts, especially when combined with other preservatives.
Phenoxyethanol is incredibly versatile in that it works in a large range of formulas and pH ranges and offers broad-spectrum activity against many pathogens.


Phenoxyethanol is both water and oil soluble and is compatible with many other preservatives used in cosmetics.
Although the phenoxyethanol used in skin care products is synthetic, this chemical occurs naturally in green tea.
Phenoxyethanol is an ingredient in cosmetic products that serves as a preservative.


In soaps and perfumes, Phenoxyethanol is used as a stabilizer.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products and also as a stabilizer in perfumes and soaps.
Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic products to limit bacterial growth.


A review of 43 cosmetic products demonstrated that only 25 percent of the products had concentrations of phenoxyethanol greater than 0.6 percent and the mean concentration of phenoxyethanol was 0.46 percent.
Phenoxyethanol is also used as to stabilize components found in perfumes and soaps.


Being both low-irritating and low-sensitizing, Phenoxyethanol can be used in products that necessitate mildness, such as baby products.
Phenoxyethanol is incorporated into a variety of different formulation types due to its solubility characteristics.
Preservatives with low water solubility can be dissolved in Phenoxyethanol prior to their incorporation into a formulation, making it an important component in various blends of preservatives.


Phenoxyethanol is a sticky and oily substance that is generally used in cosmetic and skincare products as a preservative.
Phenoxyethanol is known as glycol ether in chemical terms and is also a solvent that stabilizes various ingredients because it does not react with light or air.


The chemical formula of Phenoxyethanol is C8H10O2.
Phenoxyethanol increases the shelf life of products that may otherwise spoil too quickly by developing a bacterial or fungal layer on them.
What makes Phenoxyethanol a really popular ingredient in the cosmetic industry is its faint rose-like smell that is very pleasant.


From sunscreens and shampoos to mascara and hair sprays - Phenoxyethanol is found in almost every product.
Phenoxyethanol's used in many personal care products for its low toxicity, and as an alternative to parabens.
Bacteria, yeast and mould typically thrive in the watery environment of these products, but the addition of a small amount of phenoxyethanol can help control and prevent the growth of these microbes.


Though it is among the least sensitising preservatives of its kind available, a small percentage of people can still be sensitive to Phenoxyethanol on their skin.
We use Phenoxyethanol with care at very low concentrations, to achieve performance while prioritising safety.



PHENOXYETHANOL AT A GLANCE:
*Popular synthetic preservative that’s been globally approved for use in cosmetics in up to 1%
*Protects formulas from broad-spectrum pathogenic activity
*Backed by decades of research and safety assessments
*Versatile in that Phenoxyethanol is compatible in a large range of formulas/pH ranges
*Considered gentle on skin (incidence of a sensitized reaction to phenoxyethanol is rare)



PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN PHENOXYETHANOL INCLUDE:
*Eye shadow
*Sunscreen
*Mascara and eyeliner
*Shampoo and conditioner
*Foundation and concealer
*Hand cream
*Blush
*Hair color
*Hair spray
*Lip balm and gloss
*Lotion and moisturizer
*Nail polish
*Baby wipes‌



BABY LOTIONS AND SOAPS THAT CONTAIN PHENOXYETHANOL:
*Soap and body wash
*Shaving cream
*Deodorant
*Toothpaste
*Perfume and fragrance
*Hair removal waxes
*Hand sanitizer‌
*Ultrasound gel



HOW IS PHENOXYETHANOL PRODUCED?
Phenoxyethanol production occurs from the reaction of phenol with ethylene oxide under basic environmental conditions.



WHAT ARE PHENOXYETHANOL'S PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES?
In physical appearance, Phenoxyethanol is in the form of a colorless oily liquid.
Phenoxyethanol has a pleasant smell.

Phenoxyethanol's melting point is between 11 °C and 13 °C.
Phenoxyethanol's boiling point is 247 °C.
Phenoxyethanol density is 1.107 g/ml at 20 °C.

Its solubility is low in water because Phenoxyethanol is an oily liquid.
Phenoxyethanol has good solubility in Ethyl Alcohol, ether and sodium hydroxide .
Phenoxyethanol is stable in the presence of alkaline chemicals and acids.



PHENOXYETHANOL FOUNDS IN:
*Moisturizer *Eye shadow
*Foundation *Sunscreen
*Conditioner *Mascara
*Eye liner *Shampoo
*Lip gloss *Concealer
*Body wash *Hand cream
*Blush *Hair color
*Hair spray *Lip balm
*Lotion *Nail polish
*Baby wipes *Baby lotions and soaps
*Soap (liquid and bar) *Shaving cream
*Deodorant *Toothpaste
*Fragrance *Hair removal waxes
*Hand sanitizer *Ultrasound gel



HOW IS PHENOXYETHANOL USED?
Many mainstream and boutique cosmetics products contain Phenoxyethanol.
Phenoxyethanol’s often used as a preservative or stabilizer for other ingredients that might otherwise deteriorate, spoil, or become less effective too quickly.



WHAT COSMETICS IS PHENOXYETHANOL FOUND IN?
You can find phenoxyethanol as an ingredient in a wide variety of cosmetics and hygiene products, including:
*perfume
*foundation
*blush
*lipstick
*soaps
*hand sanitizer
*ultrasound gel, and more
Perhaps most famously in the public consciousness, Phenoxyethanol was used in Mommy Bliss brand nipple cream.



WHY IS PHENOXYETHANOL ADDED TO COSMETICS?
In perfumes, fragrances, soaps, and cleansers, phenoxyethanol works as a stabilizer. In other cosmetics, it’s used as an antibacterial and/or a preservative to prevent products from losing their potency or spoiling.
When combined with another chemical, some evidence indicates that it’s effective at reducing acne.
Manufacturers who want to avoid using parabens, which have recently lost favor among health-conscious consumers, might use phenoxyethanol in their products as a substitute.



PRODUCTION OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol is produced by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides.
Phenoxyethanol has a long history of use, with its discovery credited to the German chemist Otto Schott in the early 20th century.
Since then, Phenoxyethanol has been extensively studied and applied in various industries



EFFICACY OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol is effective against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, and the yeast Candida albicans.



FUNCTIONS OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
*Antimicrobial :
Phenoxyethanol helps slowing the growth of micro-organisms on the skin and counteracts the development of microbes
*Preservative :
Phenoxyethanol inhibits the development of microorganisms in cosmetic products.
*Preservative
*Preservative booster
*Fixative
*Antiseptic



FRAGRANCE OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
The scent is somewhere between freesia and rose: the light freshness of the rose but also the flowery of the freesia.
Phenoxyethanol is a stable fragrance that can also be used in soap.



PROPERTIES OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol is a colourless to slightly yellow liquid at room temperature.
Phenoxyethanol has a long shelf life: store it cool, dry, dark and keep it in the tightly closed packaging.
Phenoxyethanol is especially active against bacteria, especially Gram-negative bacteria.

Phenoxyethanol is volatile, which also protects the empty space in the packaging against decay.
Because Phenoxyethanol does not sufficiently protect against all types of microorganisms, it is necessary to combine this substance with others to obtain sufficient protection.



DURABILITY OF
Phenoxyethanol is currently mostly made from petrochemical raw materials and is therefore not renewable.
Phenoxyethanol breaks down quickly: only in the recommended relatively high concentration is it harmful to micro-organisms.
When diluted, on the other hand, Phenoxyethanol is quickly eaten by them.



FUNCTIONS OF PHENOXYETHANOL IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*ANTIMICROBIAL
Phenoxyethanolb helps control the growth of micro-organisms (eg bacteria and fungi)
*PRESERVATIVE
Phenoxyethanol protects cosmetic products from microbial spoilage



WHAT IS PHENOXYETHANOL USED FOR?
Phenoxyethanol is used as an antibacterial ingredient or preservative to prevent cosmetic and skin care products from spoiling.
Phenoxyethanol is also a stabilizer and is a common ingredient found in many products ranging from perfumes to shampoos.


*Skin care:
If the skin care products are not preserved properly, they develop various kinds of bacteria and fungi that can be very harmful if used.
For this very purpose, Phenoxyethanol ingredient is added.
Apart from increasing the shelf life of many skin care products, Phenoxyethanol has been proven effective in reducing acne


*Hair care:
In products like shampoos and conditioners, Phenoxyethanol is especially loved because of its mild rosy smell.
Phenoxyethanol is helpful in stabilizing the products as it does not react with other ingredients and/or with light and air


*Cosmetic products:
With increasing demand for paraben-free cosmetic products among health-conscious consumers, Phenoxyethanol has become a very popular preserving ingredient.
If cosmetic products are not preserved properly, they turn very harmful to the skin and may cause irritation and many skin allergies.
Moreover, in the infamous Phenoxyethanol vs. paraben fight, the former wins because it is much safe and gentler on the skin



ORIGIN OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol is found naturally in green tea.
However, for commercial purposes, Phenoxyethanol is made synthetically in the lab and is known as a ‘nature identical’ chemical.
When ethylene oxide and phenol are treated in an alkaline medium, Phenoxyethanol results in this light-colored and rosy smelled ingredient.



WHAT DOES PHENOXYETHANOL DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Preservative



SAFETY PROFILE OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol is considered safe for skin and hair if used in very low concentrations.
The recommended concentration of Phenoxyethanol is 1% or less.
A patch test is recommended prior to full application.

Phenoxyethanol is not to be used in products like nipple creams that can be ingested by infants as they can be very harmful.
Apart from this, Phenoxyethanol is a biodegradable preservative and is considered safe for the environment.
When chemically produced, Phenoxyethanol is ritually pure and is considered halal.



ALTERNATIVES OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
*ETHYLHEXYLGLYCERIN,
*SODIUM BENZOATE



ORIGIN OF PHENOXYETHANOL:
Phenoxyethanol is a synthetic



OCCURRENCE OF PHENOXYETHANOL IN COSMETICS:
Deodorants, care and cleansing agents for skin and hair, aftershave lotions, sunscreens, makeup



OCCURRENCE OF PHENOXYETHANOL IN OTHER PRODUCTS:
Wet wipes, vaccines, injection solutions, medical ointments, technical cooling lubricants



WHERE DOES PHENOXYETHANOL COME FROM?
In cosmetics, phenoxyethanol is of synthetic origin.
Phenoxyethanol can also come from nature and be found in plants such as chicory.



WHAT IS PHENOXYETHANOL USED FOR?
Phenoxyethanol is used to preserve products from being contaminated.
Phenoxyethanol has antifungal properties
Phenoxyethanol prevents the contamination of products by microbes.
Phenoxyethanol boosts the efficacy of other preservatives and decreases the total amount of preservatives needed in a product.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHENOXYETHANOL:
Chemical formula: C8H10O2
Molar mass: 138.166 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless oily liquid
Odor: faint rose-like
Density: 1.102 g/cm3
Melting point: −2 °C (28 °F; 271 K)
Boiling point: 247 °C (477 °F; 520 K)
Solubility in water: 26 g/kg
Solubility: Chloroform, Alkali, diethyl ether: soluble
Solubility in peanut oil: slightly
Solubility in olive oil: slightly
Solubility in acetone: miscible
Solubility in ethanol: miscible
Solubility in glycerol: miscible

Vapor pressure: 0.001 kPa (0.00015 psi)
Thermal conductivity: 0.169 W/(m⋅K)
Refractive index (nD): 1.534 (20 °C)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: weak
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 11 - 13 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 244 - 246 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 9 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,4 %(V)

Flash point 126 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature at > 997 - < 1.001 hPa: 475 °C
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 7 at 10 g/l at 23 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 41 mPa.s at 19,8 °C
Water solubility 28,6 g/l at 20,7 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,107 Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,02 hPa at 25 °C , 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,107 g/mL at 20 °C - lit.
Relative density: 1,11 at 20 °C

Relative vapor density: 4,77 - (Air = 1.0)
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties none
Other safety information
Surface tension 70,7 mN/m at 1g/l at 19,9 °C
Relative vapor density: 4,77 - (Air = 1.0)
Molecular Weight: 138.16
XLogP3: 1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 138.068079557
Monoisotopic Mass: 138.068079557

Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 77.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical Formula: C8H10O2
Molar Mass: 138.166 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless oily liquid

Odor: Faint rose-like
Density: 1.102 g/cm³
Melting Point: −2 °C (28 °F; 271 K)
Boiling Point: 247 °C (477 °F; 520 K)
Solubility in Water: 26 g/kg
Solubility:
Chloroform: Soluble
Alkali: Soluble
Diethyl Ether: Soluble
Peanut Oil: Slightly soluble
Olive Oil: Slightly soluble
Acetone: Miscible
Ethanol: Miscible
Glycerol: Miscible
Vapor Pressure: 0.001 kPa (0.00015 psi)

Thermal Conductivity: 0.169 W/(m⋅K)
Refractive Index (nD): 1.534 (20 °C)
Molecular Weight: 138.16 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 138.068079557 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 138.068079557 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 77.3

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 247°C
Melting Point: 11-13°C
Solubility: Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity: 41 cP
Molecular Formula (Phenoxyethanol): C8H10O2
Chemical Name: 2-Phenoxyethanol
CAS Number: 122-99-6



FIRST AID MEASURES of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHENOXYETHANOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

PHENOXYETHANOL AND PARABEN MIX; Phenoxyethanol (and) Methylparaben (and) Ethylparaben (and) Propylparaben; phenoxyethanol; PHENONIP;

PHENOXYISOPROPANOL N° CAS : 770-35-4 Origine(s) : Synthétique Nom INCI : PHENOXYISOPROPANOL Nom chimique : 1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol N° EINECS/ELINCS : 212-222-7 Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur. Ses fonctions (INCI) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances

Phenoxyethyl Caprylate Odor: characteristic Use: Is an emollient with excellent solvent properties for UV filtersand lipophilic active ingredients, it is especially suited for sun care applications. It imparts a pleasant non-oil feeling on the skin and is suited for stable low-viscous formulations due to water-like density.APPEARANCE Colorless oily liquid FUNCTION Is an emollient with excellent solvent properties for UV filtersand lipophilic active ingredients, it is especially suited for sun care applications. It imparts a pleasant non-oil feeling on the skin and is suited for stable low-viscous formulations due to water-like density. SYNONYMS Tegosoft XC; Phenoxyethyl Caprylate; 2-Phenoxyethyl octanoate; Octanioic acid, 2-phenoxyethyl ester STORAGE Store in a cool, dry place, with container tightly sealed.

SYNONYMS 1-Propanol, 2-phenoxy-; 2-phenoxypropan-1-ol; Propylene Glycol 2-Monophenyl Ether; 2-PHENOXYPROPANOL;2-phenoxy-1-propano;dowanolpphglycolether;2-(phenoxy)propan-1-ol;2-PHENOXYPROPANOL 96+%;1-Propanol, 2-phenoxy-;2-phenoxypropylalcohol;2-Phenoxypropyl alcohol;Dowanol pph glycol ether;1-Methyl-2-hydroxyethylphenylether CAS NO:4169-04-4

PHENYL SALICYLATE N° CAS : 118-55-8 Nom INCI : PHENYL SALICYLATE Nom chimique : Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, phenyl ester N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-259-2 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes Dénaturant : Rend les cosmétiques désagréables. Principalement ajouté aux cosmétiques contenant de l'alcool éthylique Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Phenoxypropanol, a gycol ether, can be synthesized by reacting propylene oxide with phenol in the presence of Al2O3-MgO/Fe3O4 catalyst.
The influence of Phenoxypropanol's anesthetic property on gastropods has been analyzed.
Phenoxypropanol's degradation by microorganisms in different soil types has been investigated.

CAS: 770-35-4
MF: C9H12O2
MW: 152.19
EINECS: 212-222-7

Phenoxypropanol is a useful research compound.
Phenoxypropanol's molecular formula is C9H12O2 and its molecular weight is 152.19.
The purity is usually 95%.
The exact mass of the compound 1-Phenoxy-2-propanol is unknown and the complexity rating of the compound is unknown.

Phenoxypropanol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 11 °C
Boiling point: 243 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.064 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 1Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.523(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility water: soluble15.1g/L at 20°C
Form: Oil
Pka: 14.43±0.20(Predicted)
Color: Clear Colourless
Specific Gravity: 1.051
Water Solubility: 15.1g/L at 20℃
BRN: 1941356
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: 1.41 at 24.1℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 770-35-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Phenoxypropanol (770-35-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: Phenoxypropanol (770-35-4)

Uses
High-boiling solvent, bactericidal agent, fixa- tive for soaps and perfumes, intermediate for plas- ticizers.
Phenoxypropanol is a useful synthetic intermediate.
Phenoxypropanol was used in the preparation of acylarylthiocarbamates as nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.

Synthesis Method Details
Design of the Synthesis Pathway
The synthesis of Phenoxypropanol can be achieved through the reaction of phenol with propylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst, followed by reduction of the resulting intermediate.

Starting Materials
Phenol, Propylene oxide, Catalyst (e.g. sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, or sodium hydroxide), Reducing agent (e.g. sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride), Solvent (e.g. ethanol or methanol)

Reaction
Mix phenol and propylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst and heat the mixture to a temperature of around 100-120°C.
Allow the reaction to proceed for several hours until the intermediate Phenoxypropanol is formed.
Isolate the intermediate by cooling the reaction mixture and extracting it with a suitable solvent.
Reduce the intermediate using a suitable reducing agent such as sodium borohydride or lithium aluminum hydride.
Purify the final product by distillation or recrystallization.

Synonyms
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol
770-35-4
Phenoxyisopropanol
2-Propanol, 1-phenoxy-
Propylene phenoxetol
130879-97-9
2-Phenoxy-1-methylethanol
Propylene glycol phenyl ether
beta-Phenoxyisopropanol
1-phenoxy-propan-2-ol
EINECS 212-222-7
NSC 24015
UNII-87CZY0NY1A
87CZY0NY1A
racemic-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
AI3-14682
(+-)-1-Phenoxy-2-propanol
DTXSID9027312
HSDB 8185
Phenyl-.beta.-hydroxypropyl ether
(S)-1-Phenoxy-2-Propanol
NSC-24015
NCGC00164375-01
EC 212-222-7
Propylene phenoxytol
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
DTXCID407312
CAS-770-35-4
Propylenephenoxythol
3-phenoxy-2-propanol
2-hydroxy-3-phenoxypropane
1- phenoxypropan- 2- ol
SCHEMBL50453
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, tech.
benzyl?piperazine-1-carboxylate
(+/-)-1-phenoxy-2-propanol
CHEMBL1327532
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [INCI]
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, >=93%
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [MART.]
1-PHENOXY-2-HYDROXYPROPANE
2-propanol, 1-phenoxy- (PGphE)
PHENOXYISOPROPANOL [WHO-DD]
NSC24015
Propylene Glycol 1-Monophenyl Ether
Tox21_112108
Tox21_201710
Tox21_303078
MFCD00016861
AKOS000120974
AKOS017278201
Tox21_112108_1
CS-W001255
NCGC00164375-02
NCGC00164375-03
NCGC00256986-01
NCGC00259259-01
AS-57392
LS-122618
FT-0608212
P0118
EN300-20169
D77637
1-Phenoxy-2-propanol, technical, >=80% (GC)
A806159
A838947
SR-01000944764
TRIMETHYLOLETHANETRI-(3-MERCAPTOPROPIONATE)
SR-01000944764-1
Q20054546

PHENYLPROPANOL N° CAS : 1335-12-2 / 122-97-4 Nom INCI : PHENYLPROPANOL Nom chimique : 3-Phenylpropan-1-ol; Phenethyl carbinol N° EINECS/ELINCS : 215-621-4 / 204-587-6 Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Synonyms: PHENYL-T-BRANCHED POLYSILSESQUIOXANE, TRIMETHYLSILYL TERMINATED, 15-25 cSt;PHENYL-T-BRANCHED POLYSILSESQUIOXANE, TRIMETHYLSILYL TERMINATED, 150-300 cSt;PHENYL-T-BRANCHED POLYSILSESQUIOXANE, TRIMETHYLSILYL TERMINATED, 400-600 cSt;PHENYL-T-BRANCHED POLYSILSESQUIOXANE, TRIMETHYLSILYL TERMINATED;PHENYL TRIMETHICONE CAS: 73559-47-4

Phenylacetic acid, also known as Phenylacetate, is an aromatic fatty acid metabolite of phenylalanine with potential antineoplastic activity.
Naturally occurring in mammals, Phenylacetic acid induces differentiation, growth inhibition, and apoptosis in tumor cells.
Phenylacetic acid is an acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.

CAS Number: 122-79-2
EC Number: 204-575-0
Molecular Formula: C8H8O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 136.15

(Acetyloxy)benzene, 100843-EP2301983A1, 100843-EP2371831A1, 122-79-2, 355G9R500Y, 4-06-00-00613 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), A0043, ACETATE, PHENYL, Acetates, acetic acid phenyl, Acetic acid phenyl ester, Acetic acid, phenyl ester, ACETIC ACID, PHENYLESTER, Acetic acid,phenyl ester, Acetic acid-phenyl ester, Acetoxybenzene, Acetyl phenol, Acetylphenol, Actate de phnyle, AI3-01972, AKOS002710242, bmse000481, bmse010117, BRN 0636458, C00548, CHEBI:8082, CHEMBL289559, CS-0102517, CS-O-10949, D88203, DTXCID4030178, DTXSID3051626, EC 204-575-0, EINECS 204-575-0, FEMA 3958, FEMA NO. 3958, Fenylester kyseliny octove, Fenylester kyseliny octove [Czech], FT-0659102, FT-0673718, HSDB 2667, HY-128733, MFCD00008699, NCI60_002262, NSC 27795, NSC-27795, NSC27795, Phen-d5-ol, acetate, Phenol acetate, phenoxy ethan-1-one, PHENYL ACETATE, PHENYL ACETATE [FHFI], PHENYL ACETATE [HSDB], PHENYL ACETATE [MI], Phenyl acetate, 99%, Phenyl acetate, analytical standard, Phenyl ester of acetic acid, PhOAc, PIPERAZINECITRATEHYDRATE, PS-5400, Q419645, QY9, SCHEMBL35500, STK022563, UNII-355G9R500Y, W-109455, WLN: 1VOR, 2-Phenylacetate, Benzeneacetate, Benzeneacetic acid, ion(1-) [ACD/Index Name], BENZYLFORMATE, Phenylacetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Phenylacetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], Phénylacétate [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Phenylethanoate, w-Phenylacetate, ω-Phenylacetate, 103-82-2 [RN], 2-phenylethanoate, 3539899 [Beilstein], acetate, phenyl-, A-PHENYL-ACETATE, phenylacetate anion, phenylacetate(1-), phenylacetic acid anion, 122-79-2 [RN], 204-575-0 [EINECS], 355G9R500Y, 636458 [Beilstein], Acétate de phényle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Acetic acid phenyl ester, Acetic acid, phenyl ester [ACD/Index Name], AJ2800000, MFCD00008699 [MDL number], Phenyl acetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], Phenyl-acetat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], (2,3,4,5,6-Pentadeuteriophenyl) acetate, [122-79-2] [RN], 1072946-32-7 [RN], 1072946-33-8 [RN], 122-84-9 [RN], 204-578-7 [EINECS], 22705-26-6 [RN], 2-Phenylacetate, 4-06-00-00613 [Beilstein], 4-06-00-00613 (Beilstein Handbook Reference) [Beilstein], 4-08-00-00460 [Beilstein], 4-13-00-00137 [Beilstein], 4'-Methoxyphenyl-2-propanone, Acetic acid phenyl ester; Phenyl ethanoate, Acetic acid, phenylester, Acetic acid-phenyl ester, Acetic acid-phenyl ester, Acetoxybenzene, Acetyl phenol, EINECS 204-575-0, FEMA 3958, Fenylester kyseliny octove, Fenylester kyseliny octove [Czech], MFCD03792523 [MDL number], o-Acetylphenol, PHENOL ACETATE, phenyl acetate on polystyrene, ca 4 mmol/g, PHENYL ACETATE|PHENYL ACETATE, Phenyl Acetate-d5, phenyl acetic acid, Phenyl ester of acetic acid, phenyl ethanoate, Phenylacetate [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki], PS-5400, QY9, UNII:355G9R500Y, UNII-355G9R500Y, WLN: 1VOR

Phenylacetic acid is the ester of phenol and acetic acid.
Phenylacetic acid can be produced by reacting phenol (Which can be produced by decarboxylation of aspirin)with acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.

Phenylacetic acid can be separated into phenol and an acetate salt, via saponification: heating the Phenylacetic acid with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide, will produce phenol and an acetate salt (sodium acetate, if sodium hydroxide were used).

Phenylacetic acid, also known as Phenylacetate, is an aromatic fatty acid metabolite of phenylalanine with potential antineoplastic activity.
Naturally occurring in mammals, Phenylacetic acid induces differentiation, growth inhibition, and apoptosis in tumor cells.

Phenylacetic acid mechanisms of action include decreased protein prenylation, activation of the peroxisome proliferation-activated receptors, inhibition of DNA methylation, and depletion of glutamine.
Phenylacetic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenol esters.

These are aromatic compounds containing a benzene ring substituted by a hydroxyl group and an ester group.
Phenylacetic acid has a phenolic-like taste.

Phenylacetic acid is an acetate ester obtained by the formal condensation of phenol with acetic acid.
Phenylacetic acid is a member of Phenylacetic acids and a member of benzenes.
Phenylacetic acid is functionally related to a phenol.

Phenylacetic acid is a natural product found in Euglena gracilis and Arabidopsis thaliana with data available.
Phenylacetic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Phenylacetic acid, also known as (Acetyloxy)benzene, is the ester of acetic acid and phenol and used most often as a solvent.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

Phenylacetic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation but is not currently being manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area.
Phenylacetic acid is used at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Phenylacetic acid, also known as Acetylphenol or alpha-toluic acid, belongs to benzene and substituted derivatives class of compounds.
Those are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.

Phenylacetic acid is slightly soluble (in water) and a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa).
Phenylacetic acid can be synthesized from acetic acid.

Phenylacetic acid is also a parent compound for other transformation products, including but not limited to, hydratropic acid, 2,4,5-trihydroxyphenylacetic acid, and mandelamide.
Phenylacetic acid is a sweet, civet, and floral tasting compound and can be found in a number of food items such as hyssop, cowpea, endive, and shea tree, which makes Phenylacetic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.

Phenylacetic acid can be found primarily in most biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), saliva, feces, and blood.
Phenylacetic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.

In humans, Phenylacetic acid is involved in the Phenylacetic acid metabolism.
Moreover, Phenylacetic acid is found to be associated with kidney disease and phenylketonuria.

Phenylacetic acid is a non-carcinogenic (not listed by IARC) potentially toxic compound.
Phenylacetic acid is a drug which is used for use as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of acute hyperammonemia and associated encephalopathy in patients with deficiencies in enzymes of the urea cycle.

Phenylacetic acid is the ester of a phenol and acetic acid.
Phenylacetic acid is a metabolite of anticancer drug phenylbutyrate (PB), natural neurotransmitter phenylethylamine.
Naturally, Phenylacetic acid is an odorant found in strawberries, passion fruit, and black tea.

Phenylacetic acid level in urine was used as a marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.
Phenylacetic acid is used as a tool substrate to study esterase activity in the blood of patients in clinical studies of the effect of nutritional supplements on paraoxonase-1 levels.

Phenylacetic acid is an aromatic ester.
Phenylacetic acid levels in urine are marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.
Phenylacetic acid undergoes Fries rearrangement to form a mixture of o- and p-hydroxyacetophenones which are useful intermediates in manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Phenylacetic acid is produced from bacterial degradation of unabsorbed phenylalanine.

In health, beneficial intestinal bacteria produce some B-vitamins and provide stimulus for proper immune function.
However, if your stomach acid is not adequate, if you fail to digest protein, or if your diet does not supply sufficient fiber, the resulting overgrowth of unfavorable bacteria can release toxic products that your body must remove.

Uses of Phenylacetic acid:
Phenylacetic acid is used as a solvent, laboratory reagent, and in organic synthesis
Phenylacetic acid is solvent, organic sythesis, laboratory reagent

Phenylacetic acid is high-boiling aprotic solvent
Phenylacetic acid is used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of o-hydroxyacetophenone; p-hydroxyacetophenone; synephrine

Uses at industrial sites:
Phenylacetic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Phenylacetic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Phenylacetic acid can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Industry Uses:
Intermediates

Human Metabolite Information of Phenylacetic acid:

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm
Extracellular

Handling and Storage of Phenylacetic acid:

Precautions for safe handling:
measures against static discharge.

Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 10: Combustible liquids

Stability and Reactivity of Phenylacetic acid:

Reactivity:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

Chemical stability:
Phenylacetic acid is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids, Strong bases, Strong reducing agents Strong oxidizing agents, Strong acids, Strong bases, Strong reducing agents

First Aid Measures of Phenylacetic acid:

General advice:
Show Phenylacetic acid safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.

Firefighting Measures of Phenylacetic acid:

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Phenylacetic acid no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from Phenylacetic acid or mixture:
Carbon oxides

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.

Advice for firefighters:
In the event of fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water
from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Phenylacetic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Do not breathe vapors, aerosols.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Accidental Release Measures of Phenylacetic acid:

Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of Phenylacetic acid.
Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Disposal Methods of Phenylacetic acid:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Identifiers of Phenylacetic acid:
CAS Number: 122-79-2
ChEBI: CHEBI:8082
ChemSpider: 28969
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.160
PubChem CID: 31229
UNII: 355G9R500Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID3051626
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H8O2/c1-7(9)10-8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-6H,1H3
Key: IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C8H8O2/c1-7(9)10-8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-6H,1H3
Key: IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES: CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1

Synonym(s): Acetic acid phenyl ester
Linear Formula: CH3COOC6H5
CAS Number: 122-79-2
Molecular Weight: 136.15
Beilstein: 636458
EC Number: 204-575-0
MDL number: MFCD00008699
PubChem Substance ID: 24846821
NACRES: NA.22

CAS: 122-79-2
Molecular Formula: C8H8O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 136.15
MDL Number: MFCD00008699
InChI Key: IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 31229
ChEBI: CHEBI:8082
IUPAC Name: phenyl acetate
SMILES: CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1

Properties of Phenylacetic acid:
Chemical formula: C8H8O2
Molar mass: 136.150 g·mol−1
Density: 1.075 g/mL
Melting point: −30 °C (−22 °F; 243 K)
Boiling point: 195–196 °C (383–385 °F; 468–469 K)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -82.04·10−6 cm3/mol

Quality Level: 100
Assay: 99%
Refractive index: n20/D 1.501 (lit.)
bp: 196 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.073 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CC(=O)Oc1ccccc1
InChI: 1S/C8H8O2/c1-7(9)10-8-5-3-2-4-6-8/h2-6H,1H3
InChI key: IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Gene Information: human ... PON1(5444)

Molecular Weight: 136.15 g/mol
XLogP3: 1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 136.052429494 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 136.052429494 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 114
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Phenylacetic acid:
Color: Colorless
Boiling Point: 195°C
Quantity: 25 g
Formula Weight: 136.15
Percent Purity: ≥98.0% (GC)
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: Phenyl Acetate

Names of Phenylacetic acid:

Regulatory process names:
Phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate

IUPAC names:
Phenyl Acetate
Phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate
phenyl acetate

Preferred IUPAC name:
Phenyl acetate

Systematic IUPAC name:
Phenyl ethanoate

Other names:
Phenol acetate
(Acetyloxy)benzene
Acetoxybenzene

Other identifiers:
122-79-2

2-Phenyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-sulphonic acid , PARSOL HS;Novantisol;Ensulizole;EUSOLEX 232;UV ABSORBER-T;UV absorber UV-T;NEO HELIOPAN HYDRO;LABOTEST-BB LT00454150;Ultraviolet absorbent UV-T;2-Phenyl-5-sulfobenzimidazole CAS Number: 27503-81-7

Phenylethyl alcohol, also known as phenethyl alcohol or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C8H10O.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a pleasant floral odor, reminiscent of roses, which makes it a popular ingredient in perfumery and cosmetics.
Phenylethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.

CAS Number: 60-12-8
Molecular Formula: C8H10O
Molecular Weight: 122.16
EINECS Number: 200-456-2

Synonyms: 2-PHENYLETHANOL, Phenethyl alcohol, 60-12-8, Phenylethyl alcohol, Benzeneethanol, Phenylethanol, Benzyl carbinol, Phenethanol, 2-Phenylethyl alcohol, 2-PHENYL-ETHANOL, beta-Phenylethanol, 2-Phenethyl alcohol, Benzylmethanol, 2-Phenylethan-1-Ol, Benzylcarbinol, Methanol, benzyl-, 2-Hydroxyethylbenzene, 1-Phenyl-2-ethanol, Ethanol, 2-phenyl-, FEMA No. 2858, 2-PEA, Benzenethanol, Phenethylalcohol, Phenyl ethyl alcohol, beta-PEA, beta-Phenylethyl alcohol, beta-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Caswell No. 655C, beta-Fenylethanol, FEMA Number 2858, 1321-27-3, beta-Fenethylalkohol, Phenethyl alcohol (natural), beta-Phenethyl alcohol, HSDB 5002, 2-Phenethanol, .beta.-Hydroxyethylbenzene, .beta.-Phenylethyl alcohol, Hydroxyethylbenzene, EINECS 200-456-2, UNII-ML9LGA7468, MFCD00002886, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 001503, NSC 406252, NSC-406252, BRN 1905732, .beta.-Phenylethanol, ML9LGA7468, .beta.-PEA, DTXSID9026342, CHEBI:49000, AI3-00744, (2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, .beta.-Phenethyl alcohol, Phenylethyl alcohol [USP], .beta.-(hydroxyethyl)benzene, DTXCID206342, EC 200-456-2, 4-06-00-03067 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), NSC406252, NCGC00166215-02, Phenylethyl alcohol (USP), Ethanol, phenyl-, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (II), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [II], PHENETHYL ALCOHOL (MART.), PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [MART.], Phenyl Ethanol(Natural), 2 Phenylethanol, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP-RS), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP-RS], beta-Fenylethanol [Czech], 2-phenyl ethanol, Carbinol, Benzyl, beta Phenylethanol, CAS-60-12-8, Alcohol, Phenethyl, beta-Fenethylalkohol [Czech], PEL, SMR000059156, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL (USP MONOGRAPH), PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [USP MONOGRAPH], Alcohol, Phenylethyl, benzene-ethanol, Mellol, phenyl-ethanol, Benzyl-Methanol, 2-PhenyIethanol, phenylethyl-alcohol, .beta.-Phenethanol, HY1, .beta.-Fenylethanol, b-Hydroxyethylbenzene, Benzyl ethyl alcohol, 2-phenyl-1-ethanol, Benzeneethanol, 9CI, 2-phenylethane-1-ol, betaphenylethyl alcohol, .beta.-Fenethylalkohol, 2-Phenylethanol, USP, METHANOL, BENZYL, A-PEA, beta -hydroxyethylbenzene, 2-Phenylethanol, 99%, .beta.-P.E.A., (BETA-PEA), Phenylethyl alcohol, USAN, bmse000659, Phenylethyl, beta- alcohol, 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)benzene, SCHEMBL1838, WLN: Q2R, MLS001066349, MLS001336026, FEMA NUMBER 2858, PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [MI], Phenethyl alcohol, 8CI, BAN, CHEMBL448500, beta-(HYDROXYETHYL)BENZENE, PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [FCC], PHENYLETHYL, B- ALCOHOL, BDBM85807, FEMA 2858, HMS2093H05, HMS2233H06, HMS3374P04, Pharmakon1600-01505398, PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [FHFI], PHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL [HSDB], PHENETHYL ALCOHOL [WHO-DD], BCP32115, CS-B1821, HY-B1290, NSC_6054, Tox21_113544, Tox21_201322, Tox21_303383, BBL036905, NSC759116, s3703, STL281950, 2-Phenylethanol, >=99.0% (GC), AKOS000249688, Tox21_113544_1, CCG-213419, DB02192, NSC-759116, CAS_60-12-8, Phenethyl alcohol, >=99%, FCC, FG, NCGC00166215-01, NCGC00166215-03, NCGC00166215-05, NCGC00257347-01, NCGC00258874-01, AC-18484, SBI-0206858.P001, NS00004212, P0084, EN300-19347, C05853, D00192, D70868, Phenethyl alcohol, natural, >=99%, FCC, FG, AB00698274_05, A832606, Q209463, SR-01000763553, Phenylethyl alcohol;Phenethyl alcohol;Benzeneethanol, Q-200318, SR-01000763553-2, 0DE4CADC-AB8A-4038-BD6F-EBD009885652, F0001-1575, Z104473586, 2-phenylethanol;2-Phenylethyl alcohol;Benzeneethanol;Phenylethanol, InChI=1/C8H10O/c9-7-6-8-4-2-1-3-5-8/h1-5,9H,6-7H, Phenylethyl alcohol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Phenylethyl Alcohol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 19601-20-8.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.
Phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.

The molecule of phenethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
Phenylethyl alcohol, is a primary aromatic alcohol of high boiling point, having a characteristic rose-like odor.
Phenylethyl alcohol presents organoleptic properties and impacts the quality of the wine, distilled beverages, and fermented foods.

Phenylethyl alcohol shows its presence in fresh beer and is responsible for the rose-like odor of well-ripened cheese.
Phenylethyl alcohol is commercially and industrially an important flavor and is a component of a variety of foodstuffs such as ice cream, gelatin, candy, pudding, chewing gum, and non-alcoholic beverages.
Phenylethyl alcohol is formed by yeasts during fermentation of alcohols either by decomposition of L-phenylalanine or metabolism of sugar substrates.

Phenylethyl alcohol secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a common ingredient in flavors, particularly when the taste of rose is desired.
Phenethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a kind of edible spices, and naturally exists in neroli, rose oil, geranium oil and other oils, because it has a soft, pleasant and persistent rose fragrance and is widely used in various kinds of flavors and cigarette flavor.

Phenylethyl alcohol is dispensing rose scent, food additives, the main raw material for rose scent flavor, stable on alkali, which are widely used in soap fragrance, is essence blending all rose scent series of spices, because it does not dissolve in water, it is often used in the making up water, soap and orange flower, purple, etc.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also used in the blending of flavor.
Because the Phenethyl alcohol has a good antibacterial efficiency, it can be used in the ophthalmic solution.

Phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol that is used as a fragrance and an antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic formulations.
It is active at pH 6 or less and is inactivated by nonionic detergents including polysorbate-80.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also a widely used fragrance material that imparts a rose character to perfume compositions.

Almost all rose fragrances and other floral-type perfumes contain Phenylethyl alcohol, and Phenylethyl alcohol is used extensively for many other fragrance applications because it blends ell.
Phenylethyl alcohol is metabolized to phenylacetic acid in mammals.
In humans, it is excreted in urine as the conjugate phenylacetylglutamine.

Phenylethyl alcohol is the main component of rose oils obtained from rose blossoms.
Phenylethyl alcohol occurs in smaller quantities in neroli oil, ylang-ylang oil, carnation oil, and geranium oils.
Since the alcohol is rather soluble in water, losses occur when essential oils are produced by steam distillation.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild rose odor.
It can be dehydrogenated catalytically to phenylacetaldehyde and oxidized to phenylacetic acid (e.g.,with chromic acid).
Its fatty acid esterswith lowermolecularmass, as well as some alkyl ethers, are valuable fragrance and flavor substances.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.
Phenylethyl alcohol has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.
It is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.

Phenylethyl alcohol is prepared by reduction of ethyl phenylacetate with sodium in absolute alcohol; by hydrogenation of phenylacetaldehyde in the presence of a nickel catalyst; or by addition of ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorohydrin to phenylmagnesium bromide, followed by hydrolysis.
Phenylethyl alcohol also occurs naturally in a number of essential oils, especially rose oil.
Phenylethyl alcohol, is a primary aromatic alcohol of high boiling point, having a characteristic rose-like odor.

Phenylethyl alcohol presents organoleptic properties and impacts the quality of the wine, distilled beverages, and fermented foods.
Phenylethyl alcohol shows its presence in fresh beer and is responsible for the rose-like odor of well-ripened cheese.
Phenylethyl alcohol is commercially and industrially an important flavor and is a component of a variety of foodstuffs such as ice cream, gelatin, candy, pudding, chewing gum, and non-alcoholic beverages.

Phenylethyl alcohol is formed by yeasts during fermentation of alcohols either by decomposition of L-phenylalanine or metabolism of sugar substrates.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Phenylethyl alcohol is prepared commercially via two routes.

Most common is the Friedel-Crafts reaction between benzene and ethylene oxide in the presence of aluminium trichloride.
C6H6 + CH2CH2O + AlCl3 → C6H5CH2CH2OAlCl2 + HCl
The reaction affords the aluminium alkoxide that is subsequently hydrolyzed to the desired product.

The main side product is Phenylethyl alcohol, which can be avoided by use of excess benzene.
Hydrogenation of styrene oxide also affords phenethyl alcohol.
Phenylethyl alcohol can also be prepared by the reaction between phenylmagnesium bromide and ethylene oxide:

C6H5MgBr + CH2CH2O → C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr
C6H5CH2CH2OMgBr + H+ → C6H5CH2CH2OH + MgBr+
Phenylethyl alcohol can also be produced by biotransformation from L-phenylalanine using immobilized yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also possible to produce phenethyl alcohol by the reduction of phenylacetic acid using sodium borohydride and iodine in THF.
Phenylethyl alcohol, first identified in rose, is present in the natural scent of many flowers.

Unlike most perfumery materials this one is slightly soluble in water, particularly hot water, which means that when natural rose otto is distilled most of the Phenylethyl alcohol is lost in the water and does not make it into the oil, so perfumers normally add it back when rose otto is being used - about four times as much as the otto.
Phenylethyl alcohol has a lovely mild, fresh floral-rose scent that can be easily pushed in the direction of other flowers when used in combination with other materials.
An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.

Phenylethyl alcohol is the analytical standard of 2-Phenylethanol.
Phenylethyl alcohol is intended for research and analytical applications.
Phenylethyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with a rose-like odour.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a flavour and fragrance compound, and can be used as a preservative and anti-microbial agent.
Phenylethyl alcohol has antityrosinase and antimicrobial activities.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a clear, colorless liquid with a floral fragrance that is commonly used in cosmetics and personal care products as a preservative.

Its chemical formula is C8H10O, and it is naturally derived from plants such as rose and jasmine. Phenethyl Alcohol is effective against bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it a popular alternative to synthetic preservatives.
Phenylethyl alcohol is soluble in both oil and water, which allows it to be easily incorporated into a wide range of cosmetic formulations.
With its natural origin and broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties, it is a good choice for those looking for safe and effective preservatives.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a phenethyl alcohol that prevents or retards bacterial growth, and thus protects cosmetics and personal care products from spoilage.
It is an antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence.
Phenylethyl alcohol is naturally found in a variety of essential oils, including rose, carnation, hyacinth, orange blossom, and geranium.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also present in some fruits and green teas.
Phenylethyl alcohol is extracted from essential oils of flowers such as roses.
It can be synthesized through several chemical methods, including the reaction of benzene with ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst.

Due to its floral scent, it is widely used in perfumes and fragrances, often as a substitute for the more expensive rose oil.
Included in products like lotions, creams, and shampoos to provide a pleasant fragrance.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as a flavoring agent in foods and beverages, imparting a mild floral note.

Acts as a preservative in perfumes and cosmetic products due to its antimicrobial properties.
Employed as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and as an ingredient in certain medicinal formulations.
Utilized in some applications for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Phenylethyl alcohol s used in the manufacture of other chemicals and as a solvent in various industrial processes.
Phenylethyl alcohol is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food and cosmetics.
However, it should be handled with care in industrial settings to avoid excessive exposure.

The structure consists of a benzene ring (a six-carbon ring with alternating double bonds) attached to a two-carbon chain with a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the end, forming an alcohol.
Phenylethyl alcohol can be synthesized by the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide with ethylene oxide.
An alternative synthetic route involves the alkylation of benzene with ethylene oxide in the presence of an acid catalyst.
Styrene oxide can be reduced to phenylethyl alcohol using catalytic hydrogenation or other reducing agents.

One of the richest natural sources, contributing significantly to the aroma of rose oil.
Found in the essential oils extracted from these flowers.
Present in the essential oils of various geranium species.

These flowers also contain phenylethyl alcohol in their essential oils.
Small quantities can be found in fruits and green tea.
Acts as a fixative to slow the evaporation of more volatile fragrance components, enhancing the longevity of the scent.

Blends well with other floral and citrus notes, making it a versatile ingredient in many fragrance formulations.
Incorporated in skin care and hair care products to impart a pleasant floral aroma.
Phenylethyl alcohol is antimicrobial properties help extend the shelf life of cosmetic products by inhibiting microbial growth.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in flavor formulations to provide a floral and slightly sweet note, enhancing the overall flavor profile of products like baked goods, candies, and beverages.
Approved for use as a flavoring agent in food products by regulatory authorities such as the FDA and the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an inactive ingredient in drug formulations to improve odor and taste.

Employed in certain medicinal products for its mild antiseptic properties.
Its antimicrobial properties are utilized in personal care and cosmetic products to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi, thereby acting as a preservative.
Occasionally used in medical formulations for its antiseptic properties.

Employed as a solvent in the manufacture of resins, inks, and dyes due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of chemical compounds.
Acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemical compounds, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Phenylethyl alcohol is considered to have low toxicity.

However, as with any chemical, it should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles.
Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA for use in food products and as a fragrance ingredient in cosmetics.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also listed in the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) and by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) as a safe ingredient when used within recommended concentrations.

Phenylethyl alcohol is biodegradable and considered to have a low environmental impact.
However, its production and use should still follow environmental regulations to minimize any potential negative effects.

Research continues into the antimicrobial properties of Phenylethyl alcohol, exploring its potential applications in new preservative systems for food and cosmetics.
Scientists are investigating its role in novel fragrance delivery systems and its potential as a natural alternative to synthetic preservatives in various products.

Melting point: -27 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 219-221 °C/750 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.020 g/mL at 20 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 4.21 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 58 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.5317(lit.)
FEMA 2858 | PHENETHYL ALCOHOL
Flash point: 216 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Miscible with chloroform.
form: Liquid
pka: 15.17±0.10(Predicted)
color: Clear colorless
Odor: floral odor of roses
PH: 6-7 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 1.4-11.9%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 20 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7224
JECFA Number: 987
BRN: 1905732
Dielectric constant: 13.0（20℃）

Phenylethyl alcohol, an aromatic alcohol with rose-like odor, is commonly used as a food flavoring and fragrance ingredient.
Phenylethyl alcohol is the main flavor volatile of tomato and blue cheese.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents and protein, e.g. serum.

Phenylethyl alcohol is partially inactivated by polysorbates, although this is not as great as the reduction in antimicrobial activity that occurs with parabens and polysorbates.
Phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.

Fusel alcohols like Phenylethyl alcohol are grain fermentation byproducts, and therefore trace amounts of Phenylethyl alcohols are present in many alcoholic beverages.
Phenylethyl alcohol is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in nasal, ophthalmic, and otic formulations at 0.25–0.5% v/v concentration in combination with other preservatives.

Phenylethyl alcohol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol substituted by a phenyl group at position 2.
It has a role as a fragrance, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, an Aspergillus metabolite and a plant growth retardant.
It is a primary alcohol and a member of benzenes.

Phenylethyl alcohol is found in extract of rose, carnation, hyacinth, Aleppo pine, orange blossom, ylang-ylang, geranium, neroli, and champaca.
Phenylethyl alcohol is also an autoantibiotic produced by the fungus Candida albicans.
It is therefore a common ingredient in flavors and perfumery, particularly when the odor of rose is desired.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an additive in cigarettes.
It is also used as a preservative in soaps due to its stability in basic conditions.
Phenylethyl alcohol is of interest due to its antimicrobial properties.

Phenylethyl alcohol, or 2-phenylethanol, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C6H5CH2CH2OH.
It is a colourless liquid with a pleasant floral odor.
Phenylethyl alcohol occurs widely in nature, being found in a variety of essential oils.

Phenylethyl alcohol is slightly soluble in water (2 ml per 100 ml of H2O), but miscible with most organic solvents.
The molecule of Phenylethyl alcohol consists of a phenethyl group (C6H5CH2CH2−) attached to a hydroxyl group (−OH).
Besides its use as a fragrance, Phenylethyl alcohol can contribute to the overall sensory experience of moisturizers and lotions, adding a subtle floral note.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair sprays to enhance fragrance and sometimes for its antimicrobial properties.
Found in products like foundations, lipsticks, and powders to impart a pleasant scent and act as a preservative.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in creams and ointments for its antimicrobial effects, helping to prevent infection in minor cuts, burns, and abrasions.

Included in mouthwashes and toothpaste for its antibacterial properties and to improve flavor.
Acts as a solvent and stabilizer in various drug formulations, ensuring the active ingredients remain effective and stable over time.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in candies, baked goods, and beverages to add a mild floral note.

Phenylethyl alcohol is especially common in products aiming to replicate natural fruit or floral flavors.
Often included in "natural flavor" formulations due to its occurrence in various plants and flowers.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as a solvent in the production of certain adhesives and sealants, where its chemical properties help achieve the desired consistency and performance.

Acts as a solvent and stabilizer in the production of coatings and printing inks, ensuring uniform application and durability.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an intermediate in the production of some plastics and polymers.
Sometimes used in the formulation of pesticides due to its solvent properties, helping to dissolve and stabilize active ingredients.

Ongoing studies are exploring the potential of Phenylethyl alcohol as a natural preservative in food and cosmetics, with interest in its efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms.
Research is focusing on sustainable methods of producing Phenylethyl alcohol, including bio-synthesis from renewable resources.
Phenylethyl alcohol has been reviewed by the CIR Expert Panel and deemed safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.

The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) has established guidelines for the use of phenylethyl alcohol in fragrances to ensure safety and consumer protection.
The FDA classifies Phenylethyl alcohol as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for its intended use in food products, subject to good manufacturing practices.

Research is being conducted on greener synthesis methods to produce Phenylethyl alcohol with a lower environmental footprint.
Phenylethyl alcohol is biodegradable, reducing its long-term impact on the environment when released in small quantities.

Uses:
Phenylethyl alcohol is qualitatively and quantitatively one of the most important fragrance substances that belongs to the class of araliphatic alcohols.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used frequently and in large amounts as a fragrance material.
It is a popular component in rose-type compositions, but it is also used in other blossom notes.

Phenylethyl alcohol is stable to alkali and, therefore, ideally suited for use in soap perfumes.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used to mask odor and also as a preservative.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a staple in luxury perfumes for its ability to blend well with other floral and fruity notes, providing a rich, long-lasting scent.

Utilized in aromatherapy products due to its calming and soothing fragrance, often found in essential oil blends aimed at relaxation and stress relief.
Enhances floral notes in various scented products, making it a preferred choice for products aiming to mimic the natural aroma of flowers.
Added to hand sanitizers for its pleasant scent and antimicrobial properties, making the product more appealing to users.

Found in bath oils, salts, and bubbles for its aromatic properties and mild skin-conditioning benefits.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in aftershaves and colognes to provide a fresh, lingering fragrance.
Included in creams for treating acne and other bacterial skin infections due to its antimicrobial properties.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in eye drops as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.
Sometimes used as a flavoring agent in cough syrups to mask the bitter taste of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Added to alcoholic beverages such as liqueurs and certain wines to enhance their aromatic profiles.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used extensively in chocolates, candies, and ice creams to impart a delicate, floral sweetness.
Added to flavored yogurts and creams for a subtle enhancement of taste and aroma.
Acts as a component in some lubricants and greases to improve their performance under varying temperature conditions.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in the production of plasticizers, which are added to polymers to increase their flexibility and durability.
Sometimes included in animal feed additives to enhance the flavor and palatability of feed for livestock.
Utilized in formulations designed to attract beneficial insects for pollination or pest control purposes.

Studies focus on the biosynthetic pathways of Phenylethyl alcohol in plants and microorganisms, aiming to develop sustainable production methods.
Investigations into Phenylethyl alcohol as a natural preservative in food and cosmetics, looking for alternatives to synthetic preservatives.
Monitoring and managing potential allergens in consumer products containing Phenylethyl alcohol to ensure they meet safety standards.

Ensuring compliance with international regulations and standards set by bodies such as the FDA, EFSA, and IFRA for its use in various industries.
Research and development into green chemistry methods for producing Phenylethyl alcohol, aiming to reduce the environmental impact of its production.
Exploring efficient waste management practices to handle by-products generated during the production of phenylethyl alcohol.

Used in fabric fresheners to impart a pleasant scent to clothing and linens.
Included in detergents and fabric softeners for its fragrance and mild antimicrobial properties.
Investigated as a coating for medical devices to provide antimicrobial properties, reducing the risk of infections.

Acts as a solvent or stabilizer in various pharmaceutical formulations to ensure proper drug delivery and efficacy.
Utilized in air fresheners and odor control products to mask unpleasant smells and provide a pleasant environment.
Included in some pest repellent formulations due to its mild repellent properties against certain insects.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used as an antimicrobial preservative in nasal, ophthalmic, and otic formulations at 0.25–0.5% v/v concentration; it is generally used in combination with other preservatives.
Phenylethyl alcohol has also been used on its own as an antimicrobial preservative at concentrations up to 1% v/v in topical preparations.
At this concentration, mycoplasmas are inactivated within 20 minutes, although enveloped viruses are resistant.

Phenylethyl alcohol is also used in flavors and as a perfumery component, especially in rose perfumes.
Phenylethyl alcohol may be used as a pharmaceutical reference standard in the determination of the analyte in pharmaceutical formulations by spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques.
Phenylethyl alcohol is a key ingredient in many perfumes due to its pleasant floral scent, often reminiscent of roses.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in food and beverage products to impart a sweet, floral taste, enhancing flavors in items like candies, baked goods, and beverages.
Common in essential oil formulations for its fragrance and mild antimicrobial properties.
Phenylethyl alcohol included in lotions, creams, and moisturizers for its fragrance and skin-conditioning properties.

Phenylethyl alcohol is used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair sprays for scent and to improve product stability.
Found in foundations, lipsticks, and other makeup products for its pleasant aroma and preservative qualities.
Helps to mask body odors and enhance the overall scent profile of the product.

Acts as an antimicrobial agent in creams and ointments to prevent infections in minor cuts and abrasions.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in mouthwashes and toothpaste for its antibacterial properties and to improve flavor.
Serves as a solvent and stabilizer in various pharmaceutical preparations, ensuring the effectiveness and stability of the active ingredients.

Added to candies, baked goods, and beverages to provide a floral note and enhance overall flavor profiles.
Included in natural flavor formulations due to its occurrence in various plants and flowers, providing an authentic taste.
Phenylethyl alcohol utilized as a solvent in the production of certain adhesives and sealants, helping achieve the desired consistency and performance.

Functions as a solvent and stabilizer in the production of coatings and printing inks, ensuring uniform application and durability.
Acts as an intermediate in the synthesis of some plastics and polymers, contributing to their production process.
Phenylethyl alcohol is used in some pesticide formulations for its solvent properties, helping to dissolve and stabilize active ingredients effectively.

Investigated for its potential as a natural preservative in food and cosmetics, with ongoing studies exploring its efficacy against a wide range of microorganisms.
Research focuses on sustainable methods of producing phenylethyl alcohol, including biosynthesis from renewable resources.
Phenylethyl alcohol has been reviewed by the CIR Expert Panel and deemed safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.

The International Fragrance Association (IFRA) has established guidelines for the use of Phenylethyl alcohol in fragrances to ensure safety and consumer protection.
The FDA classifies phenylethyl alcohol as Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for its intended use in food products, subject to good manufacturing practices.

Research is being conducted on greener synthesis methods to produce Phenylethyl alcohol with a lower environmental footprint.
Phenylethyl alcohol is biodegradable, reducing its long-term impact on the environment when released in small quantities.

Storage:
Phenylethyl alcohol is stable in bulk, but is volatile and sensitive to light and oxidizing agents.
Phenylethyl alcohol is reasonably stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions.
Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving.

If stored in low-density polyethylene containers, Phenylethyl alcohol may be absorbed by the containers.
Losses to polypropylene containers have been reported to be insignificant over 12 weeks at 30°C.

Sorption to rubber closures is generally small.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
A skin and eye irritant.
Experimental teratogenic effects.

Other experimental reproductive effects.
Causes severe central nervous system injury to experimental animals.
Mutation data reported.

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react with oxidzing materials.
To fight fEe, use CO2, dry chemical.
When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes

Phenylethyl alcohol is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
However, at the concentration used to preserve eye-drops (about 0.5% v/v) or above, eye irritation may occur.

Phosphorite; Phosphate rock; cas no: 65996-94-3

[ hydroxy(oxo)silyl]peroxy-dimethyl-(3-phenylpropyl)silane phenyl propyl dimethyl siloxysilicate silicic acid, dimethyl(2-phenylpropyl)silyl ester CAS Number 207692-01-1

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions, such as Renu.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used as a surface disinfectant and is alleged to be suitable for skin disinfection.

CAS Number: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: C10H23N5
Molecular Weight: 213.32312
EINECS Number: 1308068-626-2

3030-47-5, 1,1,4,7,7-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N,N,N',N'',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, PMDT, N1-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)-N1,N2,N2-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine, PMDETA, PMDTA, N,N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriaminek, Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)(methyl)amine, 2,5,8-Trimethyl-2,5,8-triazanonane, N,N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pmdien, NSC 65659, n,n,n,n,n-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 1,2-Ethanediamine, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, Diethylenetriamine, 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyl-, 3274UTY3HL, DTXSID7029249, CHEBI:39475, MFCD00014876, NSC-65659, 1,2-Ethanediamine, N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, N'-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N,N'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine, 1,2-Ethanediamine, N1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N1,N2,N2-trimethyl-, 2,2'-(methylazanediyl)bis(N,N-dimethylethanamine), N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, N-[2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, EINECS 221-201-1, BRN 1741396, UNII-3274UTY3HL, 1,2-Ethanediamine, N1-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N1,N2,N2-trimethyl-, (2-{2-(dimethylamino)ethylamino}ethyl)dimethylamine, Pentamethyldethylenetramne, N,N,N',N',N"-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, pentamethyldiethyenetriamine, EC 221-201-1, pentamethyl diethylentriamine, pentamethyl-diethylentriamine, pentamethyl diethylenetriamine, pentamethyldiethylene-triamine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine;, SCHEMBL37515, pentamethyl diethylene triamine, DTXCID109249, CHEMBL3183641, UKODFQOELJFMII-UHFFFAOYSA-, N,N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethylethane-1,2-diamine, NSC65659, N-(Methoxycarbonyl)-2-propenylamine, Tox21_200681, Bis-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)methylamine, AKOS015915357, 1,4,7,7-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, WLN: 1N1&2N1&2N1&1, 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethlenetriamine, NCGC00248795-01, NCGC00258235-01, 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyldiethlene triamine, Diethylenetriamine,1,4,7,7-pentamethyl-, LS-13731, CAS-3030-47-5, N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, CS-0077160, NS00004531, P0881, N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylene triamine, N,N,N',N',N''-Pentamethyidiethylenetriamine, D78228, EN300-175590, N,N,N', N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylene triamine, A934684, Q965311, J-017894, J-523896, 1, N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N,N',N'-trimethyl-, N,N,N',N'',N''-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, 99%, N-(2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethandiamin, N'-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N,N,N'-trimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine, N-(2-dimethylamino-ethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine, N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-N,N',N'-trimethyl-ethane-1,2-diamine, N1-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)-N1,N2,N2-trimethyl-1,2-ethanediamine, Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine N,N,N,N,N``-Pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, InChI=1/C9H23N3/c1-10(2)6-8-12(5)9-7-11(3)4/h6-9H2,1-5H3

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has a slow effectand does not meet the practical requirementsfor prophylactic antiseptics in this respect.
Although PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is somewhat less effective than benzalkonium chloride, it is sometimes used instead of benzalkonium because it is less foamproducing under use conditions.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer used primarily as an antiseptic and disinfectant.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide belongs to the biguanide class of chemicals, which are known for their antimicrobial properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is commonly found in various consumer products such as contact lens solutions, wound care products, and swimming pool disinfectants.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide works by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their destruction.
The preparation method of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide:By a certain proportion of 1; the own bisguanides of 6-and catalyst join in reaction vessel; under nitrogen protection, said mixture is heated to 80-200 DEGC and reacts, react 2-24 hour; reaction terminates; cooling blowing, obtains poly hexamethylene biguanide, poly hexamethylene biguanide aqueous acid is neutralized to pH value 5-9; and performing filtering so as to obtain a polyhexamethylene biguanidine salt.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a water solution that can be used as a broad spectrum and high efficient disinfectant.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.

Because of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanides special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a cationic polymer with antimicrobial and antiviral properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been commonly accepted that the antimicrobial activity is due to the ability of PHMB to perforate the bacterial phospholipid membrane leading ultimately to its death.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide molecules attach to the surface of the phospholipid bilayer and partially penetrate it, they do not cause any pore formation at least within the microsecond simulation times.
These products have a proven track record, over many years, of use in a diverse range of hygiene products – respectively, disinfectants in the institutional, healthcare and food manufacturing industries, the household products and personal care industries, and the textile industry.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a fast-acting and broad spectrum antimicrobial, providing activity against a wide range of bacteria and viruses

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, it is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under the names Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan, and Omnicide.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Products containing PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide are used for inter-operative irrigation, pre- and post-surgery skin and mucous membrane disinfection, post-operative dressings, surgical and non-surgical wound dressings, surgical bath/hydrotherapy, chronic wounds like diabetic foot ulcer and burn wound management, routine antisepsis during minor incisions, catheterization, first aid, surface disinfection, and linen disinfection.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide eye drops have been used as a treatment for eyes affected by Acanthamoeba keratitis.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is sold as a swimming pool and spa disinfectant in place of chlorine or bromine based products under the name Baquacil.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used to treat clothing (Purista), purportedly to prevent the development of unpleasant odors.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in the majority of formulations.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer composed of repeating units of hexamethylene biguanide.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanides chemical formula is (C8H18N4)n, where n represents the number of repeating units.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and algae.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide disrupts the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to cell lysis and death.
This mechanism of action makes it effective against a wide range of pathogens.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in various medical and healthcare products such as wound care solutions, antiseptic creams, and contact lens solutions.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide helps prevent infections and promotes wound healing.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is found in personal care products like soaps, shampoos, and skincare formulations for its antimicrobial properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in textile treatments to impart antimicrobial properties to fabrics, especially in healthcare settings where hygiene is crucial.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used as a disinfectant in swimming pools, spas, and water purification systems to control microbial growth and ensure water safety.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is utilized in various industrial processes where microbial contamination needs to be controlled, such as in the manufacturing of paints, coatings, and adhesives.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is generally considered safe for its intended applications when used according to recommended guidelines.

However, like any chemical, it should be handled with care to avoid adverse effects.
Proper concentration and usage are important to prevent irritation or sensitization in some individuals.
Regulatory agencies such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) have established guidelines and regulations for the use of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide in consumer products to ensure its safety and efficacy.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test of rabbits and human hands shows that PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide or Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, is a cationic biguanide polymer bioci antimicrobial applications.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a substance that controls, prevents, or destroys harmful microorganisms (i.e., bacter fungi) on inanimate objects and surfaces.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a cationic biocide marketed worldwide due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, chem toxicity, and reasonable cost.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide destroys or irreversibly inactivates most pathogenic microorganisms.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a broad-spectrum antiseptic that avoids many efficacy and toxicity problems associat antimicrobials; in particular, it has a low risk of loss of susceptibility due to acquired antimicrobial resistance.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used as a sanitizer, bactericide ( antibacterial ), antiseptic, and disinfectant, widely eff positive and negative gram bacteria with applications in surface cleaners, hand cleaners/sanitizing, close to neutral powder de polymers, antimicrobial and dishwashing liquids, and other personal care applications with microbial activity.
20% Aqueous solution of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used as a biocide, antibacterial, Disinfectant, and Virucidal.
At a 1% to 2% dosage, this can be an adequate replacement for alcohol in your products as a water-based disinfectant.

This is very effective compared to Benzalkonium Chloride.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is an excellent biocide that is an environmentally friendly product and is expected to be used to provide valuable disinfection, cleaning, and hygiene functions in a broad type of products such as cosmetics, deodorant, co solutions, fabric softeners, water treatments, wound care products, and antimicrobial foam dressings.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is expected to be a component of pool cleaners, skin disinfectants, urinary catheter flush solutions, sanitizers in different ap hospital disinfectants, and food and equipment in contact with food.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide, polyhexanide or polihexanide, is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide renders it of potential interest in the field of supramolecular chemistry.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is available also as a solid.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of inducing cell death by disrupting cell membrane integrity.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is an environmentally friendly, noncorrosive, and nontoxic to humans and animals.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a formulation based on PHMB used as sanitizer, bactericide ( antibacterial ), antiseptic and disinfectant, widely effective against positive and negative gram bacteria with applications in surface cleaners, hand cleaners / sanitizing , close to neutral powder detergent, latex polymers, antimicrobial and dishwashing liquids and other personal care applications with microbial activity.

In cosmetics, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide enables the preservation of fruit and vegetables.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used to preserve wet wipes, control odor in textiles, prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; disinfect medical/dental utensils and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals; and to deodorize vacuums and toilets.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can work at low concentrations with swift action, a broad spectrum of action, and its wide acceptance and exploitation for potential multi-purpose functional use.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide will be promising for advanced environmental treatments, including food disinfection, water disinfection, and surface disinfection, and meet the criteria for an ideal antimicrobial agent.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a chemical biocide and a member of the polymeric guanidine family.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used as a disinfectant, antiseptic, and general disinfecting agent in the food industry and, very successfully, for the disinfection of swimming pools.

This widely used biocide has been reviewed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and noted, except for occupational users, as having a shallow aggregate risk of adverse health effects on the public or environment.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide binds to the negatively charged phosphate head groups of phospholipids at the bacteria cell wall, causing increased rigidity, sinking nonpolar segments into hydrophobic domains, and disrupting the membrane with subsequent cytoplasmic shedding culminating in cell death.
There have been no reported instances of bacteria acquiring resistance to PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is well tolerated when used topically on skin, eyes, the ciliated epithelium of the nose, and wounds.
The market for PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide-containing products, which now include liquids, gels, and antimicrobial dressings, is expanding rapidly

storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: Water
InChI: InChI=1S/C10H23N5/c1-9(11)14-7-5-3-4-6-8-15-10(12)13-2/h3-8H2,1-2H3,(H2,11,14)(H3,12,13,15)
InChIKey: SAGIGHPRUJPLKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(=N)(C)NCCCCCCNC(=N)NC

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a broad‐spectrum antimicrobial substance used as a preservative in many products.
These products have a proven track record, over many years, of use in a diverse range of hygiene products – respectively, disinfectants in the institutional, healthcare and food manufacturing industries, the household products and personal care industries, and the textile industry.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a fast-acting and broad spectrum antimicrobial, providing activity against a wide range of bacteria and viruses

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.

Ultimately, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.
The polymer forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.

Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is part of the same pharmaceutical family as chlorhexidine and is active against many bacteria.
In dermatological use, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan, and Omnicide.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Aspergillus brasiliensis, enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a new generation of disinfectant with a wide scope of applications in agriculture and food processing plants, logistics, kitchens,
transport vehicles.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a disinfectant with a broad spectrum of activity against bacteria, viruses and fungi, inducing cell death by disrupting cell membrane integrity and it is used as a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used to preserve wet wipes; to control odor in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation, sterile dressings; to deodorize vacuums and toilets; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in antimicrobial hand washes, rubs, and air filter treatments as an alternative to ozone.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment and as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.

It has been used in many applications, from swimming pool sanitizers to preservatives in cosmetics and contact lens solutions.
Clinical studies indicate it has a broad spectrum of activity, including against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide appears to be available in presentations that provide clinicians with effective wound care modalities for most clinical scenarios and has also been used as a perioperative cleansing agent in ophthalmology.

Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is usually formulated with other water treatment chemicals.
The exact formula depends on water and equipment conditions.
The recommended dosage is 100~500 mg/L when used as a separate disinfectant.

The dosage should be determined by the exact process and method if applied in textile and printing, livestock-raising, and aquaculture.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer that, in its neat form, represents a solid/powder of > 94.2 % purity, colorless, odorless, non-corrosive, and non-irritating
antimicrobial biocide.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has a good water solubility of around 40 %.

It is also soluble in alcohol and used as a common solvent for paints and lacquers.
Average molecular weights range between 2670 and 4216 Da.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a positively charged polymer having polymeric biguanide units in the backbone of its structure [−(CH2)6.NH.C(=NH). NH.C(=NH).NH-]n, where n ranges from 2 to 40, having an average value of 11.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is as good a metal chelator as its parent molecule, biguanide; the five conjugated amines, when binding to neighboring molecules with multiple hydrogen bonds, will be attractive for supra molecular chemistry.
Films of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide are transparent and very adhesive to metal, plastics, and glass.
It is a proton conductor, potentially applicable to proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

The infrared absorption spectrum of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide showed that the most important are those located at the 2,000–2,400 nm range, corresponding to nitrogen-related vibrations, including combination bands due to nitrogen-carbon bonds in the biguanide pseudoaromatic ring.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide also has no bacteria drug resistance.

Uses:
Broad spectrum antimicrobial polymer; binds and disrupts cytoplasmic membranes.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is spelled polihexanide (INN) and sold under names such as Lavasept, Serasept, Prontosan and Omnicide.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide, is a synthetic polymer that is used in a variety of consumer and industrial products, including wet wipes.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is an antimicrobial agent that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is also effective against a wide range of viruses, including influenza and hepatitis.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide has been used in wet wipes for many years and is considered to be safe and effective.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is a kind of broad-spectrum antibacterial agent recognized as the safest and most efficient in the 21st century.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is colorless and odorless, has low bacteriostatic concentration, broad-spectrum and low toxicity, fast action, low foam volume, and can After forming a layer of cations on the surface of the article for a long time, it will not cause bacteriostasis, and it will not cause antibacterial bacteria.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is currently widely used in medical devices, public environments, home, fabrics, food, milk, and care products.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is widely used in medical and health, daily chemicals, textiles, paper, wet wipes, animal husbandry, breeding, aquatic products, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide formulations help maintain hygiene and prevent skin infections in pets and livestock.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is incorporated into household cleaning products for its antimicrobial properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can be found in surface disinfectants, bathroom cleaners, and other household disinfecting sprays to kill bacteria and viruses on surfaces.
In addition to personal care products, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in cosmetics to prevent microbial contamination and extend product shelf life.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may be included in formulations such as makeup removers, facial cleansers, and other cosmetic products where preservation is important.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide finds applications in agriculture for crop protection and preservation.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may be used in formulations to control microbial growth on seeds, plant surfaces, and agricultural equipment, helping to prevent diseases and improve crop yields.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide-coated medical devices are increasingly being developed to prevent microbial colonization and reduce the risk of device-related infections.
These may include catheters, implants, and surgical instruments where antimicrobial protection is critical.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can be used in mold remediation products to inhibit the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces, particularly in damp or humid environments where mold growth is a concern.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is sometimes used as a preservative in pharmaceutical formulations to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product stability.
In addition to its use as a standalone antimicrobial agent, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may also be incorporated into formulations with other biocides to enhance antimicrobial efficacy across a broader spectrum of microorganisms.
These various applications highlight the versatility and effectiveness of PHM

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in various healthcare products for its antiseptic and antimicrobial properties.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide helps prevent infections and promotes wound healing.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used to treat minor cuts, burns, and abrasions.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is included in multipurpose solutions to disinfect and clean contact lenses.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is found in many personal care products for its antimicrobial benefits.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide helps control the growth of bacteria and fungi on the skin.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide prevents microbial contamination and maintains product freshness.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may be included in creams, lotions, and gels to inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in textile finishing treatments to impart antimicrobial properties to fabrics.

This is particularly important in healthcare settings, where textiles such as hospital gowns, bed linens, and curtains need to be hygienic and resistant to microbial growth.PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is employed as a disinfectant in swimming pools, spas, and water purification systems.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide effectively controls microbial growth, including bacteria and algae, to ensure water safety and clarity.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is used in various industrial processes where microbial contamination needs to be controlled.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide helps prevent microbial growth and deterioration of coatings.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide ensures product integrity by inhibiting microbial contamination.
Other industrial applications where microbial control is necessary for product quality and safety.

Safety Profile:
On the 20th of April 2018, the european commission decided to ban preservative uses of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide PT9 (Fibre, leather, rubber and polymerised materials preservatives).
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide’s still allowed for uses as disinfectants PT2 (Disinfectants and algaecides not intended for direct application to humans or animals).
In 2011, PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide was classified as category 2 carcinogen by the European Chemical Agency, but it is still allowed in cosmetics in small quantities if exposure by inhalation is impossible.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide can cause skin irritation or sensitization, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin or those who are exposed to concentrated solutions for prolonged periods.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is important to use protective gloves and avoid direct skin contact when handling concentrated PHMB solutions.
Contact with PHMB can cause irritation to the eyes.

In case of eye exposure, it is essential to rinse the eyes thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Inhalation of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide dust or mist may cause respiratory irritation or discomfort.
Adequate ventilation should be ensured in areas where PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is handled, and respiratory protection may be necessary when working with powdered forms of PHMB.

PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is generally considered low in toxicity, high concentrations or ingestion of PHMB solutions can be harmful.
Ingestion of PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide may cause gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and other adverse effects.
PHMB-Polyhexamethylene biguanide is essential to store PHMB products securely and keep them out of reach of children and pets.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless to yellowish liquid.


CAS Number: 32289-58-0; 27083-27-8
EC Number: 1308068-626-2
Chemical Name:Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride
Chemical Formula: (C8H17N5)n•(HCl)x



SYNONYMS:
biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride,
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB (Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride, Pure Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB) CAS 32289-58-0, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide)hydrochloride,
Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Polyhexamethylene guanide, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl-iminoimidocarbonyl-iminohexamethylene) Hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide), Polihexanide, Poly(iminocarbonimidoyliminocarbonimidoylimino-1,6-hexanediyl) hydrochloride, biguanide phmb, polyhexamethylene biguanidine, polihexanide, polyhexanide hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, 1-(diaminomethylidene)-2-hexylguanidine hydrochloride, PHMB; Polyhexamethylene biguanide, Poly(hexamethylene) biguanide hydrochloride, Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride, Poly(iminoimidocarbonyl)iminohexamethylene hydrochloride, N,N'''-1,6-Hexanediylbis(N'-cyanoguanidine) hexamethylenediamine polymer hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) hydrochloride, Poly(hexamethylenebicyanoguanide-hexamethylenediamine) hydrochloride, PHMB(Poly Hexa Methylene Biguanide), Polyhexamethylene biguanidine Hydrochloride,



PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a cationic biocide matketed worldwide due to its excellent antimicrobial activity, chemical stability, low toxicity.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


The solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.


In dermatological use, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also called polihexanide.
The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is available also as 20% aqueous solution.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless to yellowish liquid.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a cationic disinfectant that is effective against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria through its electrostatic interaction with negative sites on the lipopolysaccharide component of bacterial cell membranes.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has been shown to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


Since PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is best known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial and antifungal activity.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is the standard of care for treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis and an ingredient in multipurpose contact lens solutions.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
In dermatological use, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also called polihexanide.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is an antimicrobial agent that kills or inhibits the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also effective against a wide range of viruses, including influenza and hepatitis.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has been used in wet wipes for many years and is considered to be safe and effective.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is very effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus (also the methicillin-resistant type, MRSA), Escherichia coli, Candida albicans (yeast), Aspergillus brasiliensis (mold), vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae (carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae).


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


The bactericidal ability of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is better than other bactericides.
In particular, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%'s unique long-term antibacterial effect and the ability to prevent secondary infection are not achieved by other fungicides.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


The presence of multiple hydrogen bond and chelation sites within PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% renders it of potential interest to those studying supramolecular chemical effects.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is available also as 20% aqueous solution.


The solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is an important ingredient in some pharmaceutical or veterinary formulations.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% shows activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is widely used across several sectors, typically as the hydrochloride salt, in a variety of disinfectant solutions and antiseptics.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a colorless or light yellow transparent liquid, in which the guanidine group has high activity, which can make the polymer into a positive charge, and it is easily attacked by various negatively charged bacteria and bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a highly water soluble and hydrolytically stable polymeric material.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer applied as a disinfectant and antiseptic.



USES and APPLICATIONS of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% restrains the gram-positive bacterium,gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is suitable to care solutions for contact lenses, cosmetics, medical, pharmaceuticals, skin, mucosa, vegetable, fruit, air, drinking water, swimming pool, paper making, tissue, anitary pads, clothes, etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquaculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.
As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and more.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also widely used in evironmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
As a medicinal product, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.


Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


Another good application of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


At the same time, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
As a medicinal product, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used for disinfection of contact lenses, eye drops, and surgical procedures.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can completely kill escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus, candida Albicans, gonococcus, salmonella, pseudomonas aeruginosa, listeria, dysentery, aspergillus niger, brucella, vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio algolyticus, vibrio eelis, Aeromonas hydrophilus, sulfate-reducing bacteria, iron bacteria, and saprophytic bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.
As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is often used as sanitary wet wipe bactericides, fruit, vegetable and aquatic product disinfectants, sewage treatment flocculation disinfectants etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a synthetic polymer that is used in a variety of consumer and industrial products, including wet wipes.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used to preserve wet wipes; to control odor in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling institutions and hospitals; and to deodorize vacuums and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


Due to the strong tolerance of the eyes to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as a drug for the treatment of Acanthopanaxa Miba keratitis and the prevention and treatment of other eye diseases.


At the same time, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also widely used in cosmetics, personal care products, textiles, food industries, etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely utilized as a disinfectant in personal care commodities like cosmetics and toiletries and as a sanitizer in swimming pools.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% possesses marked characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte.
There are also unique determination methods to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% using its ion association with organic anions and polyanion.


As a sanitizer, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used to preserve wet wipes; to control odour in textiles; to prevent microbial contamination in wound irrigation and sterile dressings; to disinfect medical/dental utensil and trays, to sterilize farm equipment, animal drinking water, and hard surfaces for food handling, to sterilize institutions such as hospitals and schools; and to deodorize vacuums machines and toilets.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Another good application of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is that it is widely used as a swimming-pool and spa water sanitizer instead of chlorine- or bromine-based commodities.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also utilized as an ingredient in some contact lens cleaning products, cosmetics, personal deodorants and some veterinary products.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a polymer used as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is utilized in chemical products like cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and so on.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is applied as a sanitizer or preservative to kill bacteria.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast, and so on.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also commonly applied in eviromental disinfection area, such as in hospitals, schools, hotels, and a lot of other public sites.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely applied in the fields of daily chemical industry, water treatment, textile, papermaking, petroleum, agriculture, husbandry, health care etc.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as an antimicrobial hand wash and sanitization and in air filtration treatment as an alternative to ozone.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also used as an active ingredient for recreational water treatment, as a chlorine-free polymeric sanitizer, which is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as fungicides, bactericides mainly used in swimming pools, universal cleaning agents and disinfectants.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as disinfectant, antibacterial, bactericide, mildew-proof, algae-inhibitor, flocculant,etc.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in health care, chemicals, textiles, paper, wipes, livestock, aquaculture, fisheries, plastics, agriculture, water treatment and other fields.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is widely used in environmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, the preservation of fruit and vegetables.
As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions and more.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used directly after dilution with purified water or with other additive agent compound.
Since PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% in different areas of application, the product dosage are quite different, it is recommended to use under the guidance of our professional and technical persons.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% restrains the gram-positive bacterium, gram-negative bacterium, fungus and yeast etc.
As a preservative, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contactlens solutions, hand washes, and more.


PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is also widely used in evironmental disinfection including hospitals, schools, hotels, and public places.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is used as a preservative in cosmetics, personal care products, fabric softeners, contact lens solutions, hand washes, and more.



PROPERTIES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency disinfectant.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% disinfectant is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-corrosive to skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-toxic to human cells.

Skin irritancy test shows that PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-irritant to animal and human skin.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be widely used in textile, animal husbandry, aquiculture, medical sterilization, and daily disinfectant.



SYNTHESIS OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20% ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



PROPERTIES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a new environment-friendly cationic water-soluble polymer.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a water solution that can be used as a broad-spectrum and high efficiency disinfectant.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is low toxic, steady, non-flammable, non-explosive, and basically non-corrosive to stainless steel, copper, carbon steel, wood, and plastic.
Because of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%'s special bactericidal mechanisms, almost all kinds of bacteria shall be killed efficiently and will not develop resistance action.

PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a high molecular polymer, which is easy to be washed away.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-corrosive to the skin, and can not be easily absorbed by human organs.
Vitro studies show that PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-toxic to human cells.



FEATURES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
*Broad spectrum kills and inhibits various types of microbial.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is odorless and can be easily dissolved in water to form a tasteless colorless transparent solution.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be used as a disinfectant for almost all kinds of bacteria.

*Excellent stability:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is still kept active after being heated at 280℃ for 15 min.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-corrosive to metals.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is non-corrosive to copper, stainless steel, carbon steel, and other metals.



STERILIZATION MECHANISM OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
1. The guanidine group in PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% performs a high activity and the polymer itself is cationic.
Since bacteria and viruses are usually anionic, they are easy to be absorbed by PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% and could not divide and reproduce, and finally turn inactive.

2. PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% collapses the cell membrane structure and forms transmembrane stomata.
Ultimately, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% causes cell membrane rupture, disrupts the energy metabolism of the organism, and disables bacteria and viruses.

3. PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% forms a film that closes off the breathing passages of microorganisms, causing them to suffocate and die.
The sterilization mechanism is independent of the form and type of microorganisms.

Even if the microorganisms mutate, the mutation will not affect their efficacy.
Microorganisms do not produce resistance to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.



STORAGE OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% should be sealed and shaded to be stored in a dry, cool, well ventilated place.



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% also has no bacteria drug resistance.



SYNTHESIS OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20% ANTIMICROBIAL:
*Adopt the melt polycondensation method.
Put the appropriate amount of guanidine hydrochloride and 1, 6-hexane-diamine in the polymerization kettle, stir, and raise the temperature.
After the reactants are completely melted, continue to raise the temperature, constant temperature reaction for about 2h.

And then raise the temperature to a predetermined temperature for the reaction.
After the reaction is finished, stop stirring, and pass nitrogen gas into the kettle.
Open the discharge port at the same time.

Let the product flow into the pre-prepared container.
Let PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% cool down and solidify, then crush it for use.
By following the above procedure, theoretically, a bulk polymer can be produced.

But in practice, due to the difference in the reactivity of the functional groups, will produce an insoluble cross-linked structure, cross-linked polymers are insoluble, and not conducive to melt processing, but as long as the appropriate reaction conditions can be controlled to obtain linear high molecular weight products.



SPECIAL APPLICATIONS OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
1. Paper making industry:
In the process of papermaking and cardboard production, because PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is cationic polymer electrolyte, it can be used as an auxiliary agent to accelerate pulp dehydration and mineral filler precipitation, so as to strengthen and improve papermaking process.

In addition, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can also stabilize the dispersion of paraffin and increase the size stability of paper.
The hydrophobicity of paper and hardboard paper increases by 40-50%.

The activity also reduces some problems related to the accumulation of pulp in papermaking machinery, and PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can produce antibacterial paper for manufacturing health products (to replace the silver containing kursin paper).
At the same time, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% also improves the physical properties of the paper: water absorption, strength after water, air permeability.


2. Agricultural application:
As PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has the function of disease resistance and protection to plants, can effectively kill harmful bacteria, and is harmless to ecology, it is an environmental protection product, which makes the product completely applicable to all growth stages of various agricultural products: Treat seeds, bulbs or tubular seeds with 0.1-1% aqueous solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.

When the symptoms of vegetable diseases appear, spray with 0.01-0.1% PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% aqueous solution of the product (if necessary, add appropriate polyelectrolyte, such as polyacrylic acid).

In order to reduce the loss of storage in winter, 0.2% PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% aqueous solution of this product can be used to wash or spray vegetables and fruits.
In addition, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can overcome the damage of excessive herbicides to plants and prevent infection in the soil.

As a pesticide, the efficacy of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is ten times higher than that of Benazolin, chlorothalonil and sodium disulfonate.
Therefore, to achieve the same effect, the use amount of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% 20% liquid is 10-30 times less.
Moreover, PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is safe, non-toxic and non irritating, especially harmless to people and animals.


3. Oil exploitation:
In oil exploitation, a large number of bacteria, such as sulfate reducing bacteria, not only engulf the oil, but also degrade the polymer used (ordinary polymer with low molecular weight), reducing the efficiency of polymer flooding and increasing the cost.



BACTERICIDAL MECHANISM OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
Bacteria quickly suffocate to death after using PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%.
At the same time, because this product is a polymer structure, which can improve the effective activity of guanidine group, the bactericidal effect of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is much higher than other guanidine compounds (such as chlorhexidine).
Due to the special bactericidal mechanism of this product, all kinds of bacteria will not be resistant to PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20%, which has been confirmed by the experiments of foreign authoritative testing institutions.



FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
1. Long-acting nature:
After the solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is dried, a polymer thin layer of disinfectant is formed on the surface of the object, which can keep the state of the object after sterilization and prevent the secondary pollution of the object.
Generally, the surfaces treated with aqueous solution of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% will remain sterile for up to three months.


2. Innocuity
As PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is a high polymer, it is not easy to be absorbed by animal tissues, greatly reducing the toxicity, so that it has no effect on cells of higher organisms.
In addition, the experiment proves that PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can be naturally degraded and will not cause pollution to the environment.
The conclusion is that "2% of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% belongs to the actual non-toxic grade".


3. No irritation to skin:
The experimental study of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% on skin was carried out with rabbits.
Conclusion: 2% of PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% has no skin irritation when the skin irritation response integral value is 0. (judgment standard: the lower the integral value, the lower the stimulation.)



PERFORMANCE FEATURES OF PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is recognized as the safest and the most efficient broad-spectrum antibacterial agent in the 21st century.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% is colorless and tasteless, low bacterial inhibition concentration, broad spectrum, low toxicity.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% can form a layer of cations on the surface of article, which can inhibit bacteria for a long time.
PHMB - Polyhexamethylene Biguanide Hydrochloride 20% also has no bacteria drug resistance.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid
Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor

Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze
Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%

Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid

Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600
CAS: 32289-58-0 Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Appearance: slightly yellow to colorless & clear
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80max.
Total metal (ppm): 100max
Ordor: no ordor. PH (20% water): 3.0-5.5
Boling point(°C): 102-103

Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3):1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): very good
Appearance: Colorless or pale-yellow transparent liquid
Boiling point(℃): 102
Content (%): 19.0-21.0
Relative density(g/ml,25℃): 1.04
pH: 4.0-6.0
Name: Polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride; PHMB
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)n•xHCl
Molecular Weight: ≥1,600～2,600
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Molecular Formula: (C8H18N5Cl)n n=12-16
Appearance: White powder, colorless translucent crystals, colorless liquid

Purity: 95%, 98%, ≥98%, 20%, 25%, 50%
Density (20℃): 1.039~1.046g/cm3
pH value (20℃): 4.0~6.0
Absorbance (237nm): ≥400
Absorbance (237nm/222nm): 1.2~1.6
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
CAS 32289-58-0
Poly(hexamethylenebiguanide) Hcl
Content (wt%): 20
Water (wt%): 80 max.
Total metal (ppm): 100 max.
Odor: No odor
Boiling point (°C): 102-103
Specific gravity @25°C (g/cm3): 1.03-1.05
Solubility in water (20°C): Very good
HS Code: 29121900
Color of Liquid: Clear to Slight Haze

Water Solubility: Miscible
Application: Biocides, Water Treatment, Disinfectant
Appearance: Colorless or light-yellow solid
Active ingredient: ≥99%
Water soluble: 100% soluble
Odor: Light ammonia smell
Moisture content: ≤0.5%
Water insoluble matter: ≤0.1%
PH in 1% aqueous solution: >4
Ash: 0.05%
Active substance: Polyhexamethylene biguanide Hydrochloride (PHMB)
Purity: 20%
Chemical Formula: Polyhexamethylene biguanide
CAS Number: PHMB
EC Number: PHMB 20%
Purity (%): 99%

Physical State: Liquid
Molecular Weight: Biguanide 20%
Grade: Commercial
Chemical Name: Poly Hexamethylene Biguanide
Physical State/Form: Liquid
Usage/Application: Ability to kill bacteria, fungi, algae, and yeast.
Form: Liquid
Shelf Life: 1 year
Appearance/Color: Water white to light yellow
CAS No: 32289-58-0
Storage Condition: PHMB polyhexamethylene biguanide should be stored in a dry,
cool, and sealed place, avoid light.
CAS No.: 32289-58-0
Formula: (C8H17N5)N.XHCl
EINECS: 1308068-626-2
Type: Disinfection Raw Material
Appearance: Liquid



FIRST AID MEASURES of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Environmental precautions
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media.
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of PHMB - POLYHEXAMETHYLENE BIGUANIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 20%:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Phosflex T-BEP is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid.
Phosflex T-BEP is an organic phosphate ester.
Phosflex T-BEP has a mild, sweet odor.

CAS Number: 26952-13-6
EC Number: 248-084-4



APPLICATIONS


Phosflex T-BEP is primarily used as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products.
Phosflex T-BEP is also used as a solvent and additive in coatings, adhesives, and inks.

Here are some more detailed applications of Phosflex T-BEP:

As a plasticizer, Phosflex T-BEP enhances the flexibility and durability of PVC products such as cables, flooring, and roofing.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the formulation of paints and coatings as a solvent to help dissolve other ingredients.
In inks, Phosflex T-BEP can act as a viscosity modifier, helping to improve the flow and spread of ink on paper or other surfaces.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as an additive in adhesives to improve their bonding strength and flexibility.
In leather and textiles, Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a softener and lubricant.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a solvent in the manufacture of specialty chemicals such as surfactants and pharmaceuticals.
Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a plasticizer in the production of synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomers.

Phosflex T-BEP can be added to polyurethane foam formulations to increase the foam's flexibility and durability.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant plasticizer in the production of electrical wire and cable insulation.
Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a coalescing agent in the formulation of latex paints.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of automotive interior materials such as dashboard covers and door panels.
In the printing industry, Phosflex T-BEP is used as a solvent and viscosity modifier in printing inks and varnishes.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of artificial leather and synthetic fibers.
Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a plasticizer in the production of flexible PVC films and sheets.

Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a solvent in the manufacture of flavors and fragrances.
In the construction industry, it is used in the production of sealants and caulks.

Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a plasticizer in the production of vinyl foams and sponge rubber products.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a lubricant and release agent in the manufacture of rubber products.

Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a solvent and additive in the formulation of wood coatings and finishes.
In the production of PVC pipes, Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a plasticizer to improve their flexibility and durability.

Phosflex T-BEP is widely used as a flame retardant in polyurethane foams and thermoplastics.
Phosflex T-BEP is particularly effective in flexible polyurethane foam applications due to its low viscosity and high reactivity.
Phosflex T-BEP is also used in the production of automotive parts and components due to its excellent thermal stability and flame retardancy.

Phosflex T-BEP is commonly employed in the manufacturing of electrical and electronic components, such as connectors, switches, and relays, to improve their flame retardancy and electrical insulation properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of textiles, particularly in the manufacturing of flame retardant curtains, upholstery, and bedding materials.

Phosflex T-BEP is widely used as a flame retardant in coatings and adhesives, particularly those used in the construction and building industry.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of plastic films and sheets to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of foam insulation for buildings and refrigeration systems due to its excellent thermal stability and fire resistance.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in various industrial applications, such as wire and cable coatings, electrical insulation materials, and automotive interiors.
Phosflex T-BEP is often used as a flame retardant in molded products, such as furniture and other household items, to improve their fire resistance properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in the production of polystyrene foam products, such as packaging materials and insulation panels.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of high-temperature plastics and resins, such as polyphenylene oxide, to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the manufacturing of roofing materials, such as shingles and tiles, to improve their fire resistance properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of laminates and composites to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of automotive parts and components, such as dashboard covers and door panels, to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of printed circuit boards to improve their flame retardancy and electrical insulation properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the manufacturing of medical devices and equipment to improve their flame retardancy and biocompatibility properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of insulation materials for pipes and ducts to improve their thermal stability and fire resistance properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the manufacturing of synthetic leather and textiles to improve their flame retardancy and durability properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of rubber products, such as conveyor belts and hoses, to improve their fire resistance properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of packaging materials, such as plastic bottles and containers, to improve their flame retardancy and thermal stability properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of flooring materials, such as vinyl tiles and carpets, to improve their fire resistance properties.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the manufacturing of foam padding and cushions to improve their flame retardancy and durability properties.
The chemical is used in the production of composite materials for aerospace and military applications to improve their fire resistance properties.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant plasticizer in PVC products.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of flexible foam products for the furniture and automotive industries.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a processing aid for PVC products, improving their durability and stability.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of wire and cable insulation to provide flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a plasticizer in building materials, such as roofing membranes and flooring.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of medical devices and tubing that require flame retardancy and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in polyurethane foam products.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of adhesives and sealants to improve their fire resistance and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of automotive parts, such as dashboards and door panels.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of packaging materials, such as shrink wrap and stretch film.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant plasticizer in synthetic leather products.

Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of gaskets, O-rings, and other rubber products that require flame retardancy and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a processing aid for polystyrene products, improving their toughness and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of films and sheets for the agricultural industry, providing fire resistance and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in polyester resins for the composites industry.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of textile coatings and finishes that require flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a plasticizer in ink and coating formulations to improve their fire resistance and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of synthetic fibers and yarns that require flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in thermoplastic elastomers for the automotive and wire and cable industries.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of rubber hoses and tubing that require flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a processing aid for polyethylene products, improving their flexibility and impact resistance.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of artificial turf and other outdoor products that require flame retardancy and flexibility.

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant in rigid polyurethane foam insulation products.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of toys and children's products that require flame retardancy and flexibility.
Phosflex T-BEP is used as a plasticizer in coatings and paints for the construction industry, providing fire resistance and flexibility.



DESCRIPTION


Phosflex T-BEP is a chemical compound that is also known as triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate).
Phosflex T-BEP is an ester of 2-ethylhexanoic acid and triethylene glycol.

Phosflex T-BEP is a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid.
Phosflex T-BEP is an organic phosphate ester.

Phosflex T-BEP has a mild, sweet odor.
Phosflex T-BEP is soluble in water and miscible with most organic solvents.

The chemical formula of Phosflex T-BEP is C10H16O4P.
Phosflex T-BEP is a high-boiling liquid with a boiling point of 286°C (547°F).

Phosflex T-BEP is used as a flame retardant and plasticizer in a variety of applications.
Phosflex T-BEP has a density of 1.16 g/cm³ at 20°C.
Phosflex T-BEP is also known as Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate.

Phosflex T-BEP is non-corrosive to metal and non-staining to fabrics.
Phosflex T-BEP has a flash point of 164°C (327°F) and a viscosity of 52 cP at 20°C.

Phosflex T-BEP is primarily used in the production of flexible polyurethane foam, PVC and other polymers.
Phosflex T-BEP is compatible with other plasticizers and flame retardants.

Phosflex T-BEP is a good alternative to triaryl phosphate esters (TCEP and TCP) and halogenated flame retardants.
Phosflex T-BEP is stable under normal conditions of use and storage.

Phosflex T-BEP is a low-toxicity and low-flammability compound.
Phosflex T-BEP is a registered trademark of ICL Industrial Products.

The purity of Phosflex T-BEP is typically above 99%.
Phosflex T-BEP has a molecular weight of 238.2 g/mol.
Phosflex T-BEP is used in the production of automotive interior materials, wire and cable insulation and coatings.

Phosflex T-BEP can be used as a processing aid for thermoplastics, especially for PVC and polyurethane foam.
Phosflex T-BEP has good thermal stability and low volatility.

Phosflex T-BEP is classified as a category 3 eye irritant and a category 4 skin irritant.
The recommended storage temperature for Phosflex T-BEP is between 5°C and 30°C (41°F and 86°F).
Phosflex T-BEP is considered a non-hazardous substance according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C21H30O4P
Molecular weight: 382.44 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, pale yellow liquid
Density: 1.07 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling point: 323 °C (613 °F; 596 K)
Flash point: 165 °C (329 °F; 438 K)
Solubility in water: Insoluble
Solubility in organic solvents: Soluble in most organic solvents
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg at 130 °C
Refractive index: 1.489 - 1.493 at 20 °C
Viscosity: 13.4 mPa·s at 25 °C
pH: 5.5 - 6.5
Autoignition temperature: 350 °C (662 °F; 623 K)
Heat of combustion: -3,485 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 58.4 kJ/mol
Heat of formation: -694.6 kJ/mol
Octanol/water partition coefficient (log Kow): 4.07
Acidity (pKa): 7.31
Basicity (pKb): 6.68
Vapor density: 13.17 (air = 1)
Explosive limits: 0.8 - 6.3%
Oxidizing properties: Not oxidizing
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Hazardous polymerization: Will not occur



FIRST AID


Remove any contaminated clothing and wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap.

Seek medical attention immediately if the chemical has come into contact with the eyes or if it has been ingested or inhaled.
In case of inhalation, move the person to a well-ventilated area and assist with breathing if necessary.

If the chemical is swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
If the chemical has come into contact with the skin, wash the affected area with plenty of water and soap for at least 15 minutes.
If the chemical has come into contact with the eyes, flush the affected eye with water for at least 15 minutes while holding the eyelids open.


Call the Poison Control Center or local emergency services for further instructions.
It is important to always follow the specific first aid measures listed on the SDS or product label for each chemical, as they can vary depending on the substance and the extent of the exposure.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Always wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling Phosflex T-BEP.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Avoid inhaling the vapors or dust of Phosflex T-BEP.
Use only in well-ventilated areas.

Keep away from heat, sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition.
Use proper grounding procedures when transferring Phosflex T-BEP.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Phosflex T-BEP.


Storage:

Store Phosflex T-BEP in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep containers tightly closed and upright.
Store away from sources of heat, sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition.
Keep away from oxidizing agents and strong acids.

Store in a separate area away from food, beverages, and animal feed.
Keep out of reach of children and animals.
Follow all local, state, and federal regulations regarding storage of hazardous materials.



SYNONYMS


Bis(2-ethoxyethyl) p-toluenesulfonamide phosphate
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
Triethylene glycol bis(2-ethylhexanoate) phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl) 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzenesulfonate phosphate
TEP
Tri(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Triethyl phosphate
Ethyl phosphate triester
Ethyl orthophosphate
Phosphoric acid triethyl ester
TBP
Triphosphate
Phosphonic acid triethyl ester
Phosphorous acid triethyl ester
Ethyl triester of phosphoric acid
Triflex TEP
Tris(butoxyethyl) phosphate
Tris(2-ethoxyethyl) phosphate
Phosphoric acid, tri-(2-butoxyethyl) ester
Tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate
O,O-bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate
O,O-bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) hydrogen phosphate
Tris(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate
Tri-n-octylphosphate
Bis(2-ethoxyphenyl)phenylphosphine oxide
Tris(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide
Phosflex 31L
DEPHOS 810P
Hostaphat OEP
Ethyl-2-phenylphenylphosphinate
Phosflex PDP
Tri(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphine oxide
Tetrakis(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphonium chloride
Bis(2-ethoxyphenyl)phenylphosphinate
Phosflex TPP
Tris(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphine
Ethyl diphenylphosphinate
Hostaphat OEP-LF
Phosflex PTBEP
Tris(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphite
Ethylphenylphosphinylbis(2-ethoxybenzene)
Hostaphat KL 340 D
Triphenylphosphine oxide ethoxyphenyl derivative
Phosflex 71B
Phosflex TPP-LF
Tris(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphonium chloride
Phosflex 41P
Tri(2-ethoxyphenyl)phosphite
Ethyl diphenylphosphonate.

The reactions of fatty alcohols or alkylphenols and their ethoxylates with phosphoric acid equivalents lead to alkyl and arylphosphates and the corresponding etherphosphates.
These substances, normally coexisting as mixtures of mono- and diesters, usually have surface active properties and therefore are anionic surfactants. After their manufacture they are strongly acidic substances, which can be neutralized by many types of bases. The thereby accessible products have good to excellent anticorrosion properties. Personal care formulators use phosphates because of their mildness and skin compatibility.

Phosphate esters are 100% active anionic surfactants which are produced as the free acid by either of two chemical routes.
Monoesters are produced by the reaction of either alcohols,alcohol ethoxylates or phenyl ethoxylates with polyphosphoric acid, whereas mixtures of mono and diesters are produced by reaction of the same feedstock with phosphorous pentoxide.

Phosphate esters are highly versatile surfactants offering a wide range of properties and applications.
The main advantages of phosphate esters over many other surfactants are their alkali stability and solubility.
They are excellent hydrotropes and are effective coupling agents which give outstanding wetting, emulsification and detergency.
As such they are used widely in emulsion polymerisation, textile auxiliaries, maintenance chemicals, metal finishing, and many other applications.

Phosphate esters have a unique range of properties which are exploited in the production of specialised chemical processing aids for industry.
Being stable in high concentrations of alkali they are especially useful in household and maintenance cleaning products, where high active heavy duty products are required.

Phosphate esters are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion inhibitors and hydro tropes in cleaning formulations.

Several linear alcohol and linear alcohol ethoxylates were phosphated using P2O5 and the analytical results for monoester, diester and free phosphoric acid content were determined as were wetting speed and alkali tolerance.
Generally, the concentration of monoester and free Phosphoric acid increased and the diester concentration decreased as the amount of ethylene oxide in the hydrophobe increased

Phosphate estes are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion inhibitors and hydro tropes in cleaning formulations. 

Butanol Phosphate (mono/Di-ester)
2-Ethylhexyl Phosphate (mono/Di-ester)
Lauryl alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Tridecyl alcohol phosphate
Tridecyl alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Cetyl Alcohol Phosphate
Oleyl alcohol Phosphate
Nonyl Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Styrenated Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Phenol (ethoxylated) phosphate
Other phosphates of fatty alcohols and ethoxylates

Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Styrenated Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Octylphenol Ethoxylates Phosphate Esters, Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters, Decyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters and Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Esters having applications in various industries like Textile, Oil & gas, Pharmaceuticals, automotive, personal care, paint, agrochemical and other industries.

Phosphating Reagent
Polyphosphoric acid and phosphorous pentoxide (P2O5) are generally the two different phosphating agents used commercially.
The selection of the phosphating reagent has an effect on the ratio of the components and on the functional properties of the finished product.
Phosphorous pentoxide and a variety of linear alcohols and ethoxylates of linear fatty alcohols were chosen to determine the effect of alkyl group and amount of ethylene oxide on the resulting mono/di ratio and the amount of free phosphoric acid, as well as the effect on functional properties such as wetting and alkali tolerance. 

We offer mono phosphate esters, di-esters and mixed esters.
All our phosphates are based on P2O5.
These proprietary, specialty surfactants can be used in both alkyd and water-based paints, colorant systemt and as stabilizers in emulsion polymerization of latex resins

alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester
ETHOXYLATED TRIDECYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER
ETHOXYLATED ISOTRIDECYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER
ETHOXYLATED LAURYL ALCOHOL PHOSPHATE ESTER

Agrilan 1028
C10 rich polyether phosphate
Isodecyl polyether phosphate
2-propyl heptyl polyether phosphate
C9-C11 polyether phosphate
Decyl polyether phosphate
C10 polyether phosphate
C10 polyether phosphate 

Phosphate-esters are well known multifunctional additives for metalworking fluids. They are emulsifiers for expandable oils, as well as anti-wear additives, corrosion and staining inhibitors

Phosphate esters are used in many textile applications because of the various surfactant properties they possess.
Of the desirable surface active properties, alkali stability and wetting properties are key.
This work relates the structure of a phosphate ester to these two properties.

Chemistry
Phosphate esters are part of a class of anionic surface active agents. The commercial products are complex mixtures of monoester, diester

Some of the useful properties of our PHOSPHATE ESTERS are:
■ Anionic character. Anionic surfactants are the preferred choice for use in textile auxiliaries.
■ 100% active. Economic for shipment, easily incorporated into powder blended products.
■ In some cases their emulsifying properties make them ideal for use in oil/water systems.
■ Phosphate esters can be neutralised by alkaline earth metals or amines, adding to their versatility.
■ Foaming properties of phosphate esters varies, from high to low.
■ The variety of wetting, foaming and surface tension reduction properties helps the formulator to develop the required product.
■ Very good hydrotroping properties which enable high active products to be produced without the use of additional auxiliary hydrotropes.
■ Stability in alkali and builders enabling heavy duty cleaners to be formulated.
■ Lubricating properties that enable phosphate esters to be used in metal working fluids and water based lubricants.
■ Excellent free rinsing properties leading to smear free surfaces.
■ Corrosion inhibition and prevention as well as load carrying properties make phosphate esters ideal for use in metalworking.
■ In general low orders of toxicity and relatively low orders of irritation for the potassium salts.
■ Some phosphate esters exhibit solvent solubility

Hard Surface Cleaners
Due to their alkali tolerance, phosphate esters have specific uses in heavy duty alkaline cleaners.
As well as having excellent detergent properties, phosphate esters also possess hydrotroping properties which assist in the formulation of high active alkaline cleaners, oven cleaners and floor cleaners/strippers.

Laundry Detergents
Phosphate esters can be used in spray dried, powder blended and liquid laundry detergents as low foaming detergent/hydrotropes.
High active detergents with outstanding cleaning properties can be prepared by combining with salt free amphoteric surfactants.
In liquid products, extra alkali is required to neutralise phosphate esters.

Textiles and Leather
Phosphate esters are the preferred surfactant type for textile and leather processing because of their anionic, wetting, low foaming, alkali tolerance and building/hydrotropic properties.
Phosphate esters are widely used as wetting agents with low foaming properties.
The amine salts of phosphate esters are used as emulsifiers in solvent scouring systems.
Phosphate esters is used as a levelling agent in the direct dying of cotton.
Phosphate esters is used in jet dying machines to pre-scour and remove lubricant from knitted polyester.
Phosphate esters is used as a component in leather processing chemicals.

Traffic Film Removal
Small quantities of Phosphate esters combined with Ataman amphoterics improve free rinsing properties of traffic film remover.
This is particularly important in hard water areas.

Dish and Glass Rinsing
Phosphate esters are widely used in combination with EO/PO copolymers in the manufacture of rinse aids for automated dish and glass washing systems.
The pH of the rinse aid is made sufficiently acidic with citric or phosphoric acid to neutralise any residual alkali from the cleaning cycle.
As many biodegradable EO/PO copolymers have low cloud points and poor solubility, a low foaming hydrotroping phosphate ester such as PPE604K can be used to raise the cloud point to 50°C.

Agrochemical Additives
Many agricultural adjuncts such as herbicides are required in water solution for application to foliage.
Phosphate esters are ideal for emulsification/solubilisation of additives into water together with good wetting to ensure optimum spreading onto a leaf’s surface.

Paper De-inking
Phosphate esters are widely used in the de-inking of paper.
As the paper being treated varies, the broad range of foaming properties of Ataman phosphate esters, together with their excellent wetting and emulsification properties, make them ideally suited for this application.

Oilfield Chemicals
Phosphate esters possess outstanding load carrying and corrosion inhibition properties which makes them ideal for oil drilling and transport applications.
Phosphate esters are often used as amine/amido-amine salts to enhance their corrosion inhibition properties. 

Cutting and Grinding Fluids
The amine salts of phosphate esters have been found to have excellent anti-wear properties due to their lubricity and anti-corrosive properties.
These twin properties mean low foaming phosphate esters can be used in water-based cutting and grinding fluids. 

Acid Cleaning
Compared to neutral detergents acid based cleansers have greatly enhanced dirt removing properties.
Phosphoric acid is the preferred acid for metal cleaning as it is less reactive than other mineral acids. 

Additional

Phosphate ester based acid cleansers are particularly useful for aluminium, stainless steel, and are ideal for cleaning trains and trams where the removal of iron oxide, combined with oil, grease and diesel smut is beyond the capability of neutral cleaners.
Light duty cleaners,which can be perfumed, are used to clean kitchens, bathrooms and toilets containing metal fittings and ceramics, where lime scale produces unsightly scale. 

Emulsion Polymerisation
A wide range of ethoxylates can be phosphated giving the formulator greater flexibility to produce polymers with the desired characteristics.
Further, by varying the mono to di-ester ratio the HLB value can be tuned to give optimum performance.

Miscellaneous
Due to the outstanding properties of phosphate esters, they are used in numerous specialised applications.
These include fountain solutions used in lithographic printing, fuel oil/explosive emulsions used in quarrying and open cast mining.
Other specialised applications are in dry cleaning“soaps”, spin finishes (as an antistatic agent) and processing aids for improving the flow properties of powders.

For Emulsion Polymerization and Waterborne Architectural Coatings

In emulsion polymerization, KOD 238 is an effective emulsifier that provides efficient particle size control, low coagulum and improved handling and storage stability.

KOD 238 is effective in the production of all common latex types including, vinyl, vinyl acrylic, vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE), acrylic and styrene acrylic.
KOD 238 surfactant can also improve gloss and enhance pigment dispersion and color acceptance in waterborne latex paints. 

KOD 238 does not contain any alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEOs).

Product Benefits
• Low coagulum in finished latex
● Increases gloss in paint
• Improves stability of finished latex
● excellent wetting and dispersion of pigments
• Low water sensitivity
● Improved substrate wetting
• Enhances color properties
● Inhibition of flash & nail head rusting
• Reduced color float 

Recommended Use Levels
• In emulsion polymerization, Dextrol™ OC-4025 surfactant is typically used at 5-10% by weight on total monomers.
• In flat, semi gloss, and gloss paints, 6-12 pounds of KOD 238 surfactant per 100 gallons of finished paint are recommended.

Chemical Inventories
All components of KOD 238 surfactant are listed on the TSCA chemical inventory (USA).
APEO Content
KOD 238 surfactant does not contain any alkyl phenol ethoxylates (APEOs)

Effect of Ethoxylation on Alkali Tolerance
The greater the degree of ethoxylation,
the more alkali tolerance was obtained. Few materials exhibited good alkali tolerance with less than six moles of ethylene oxide.
It also appeared that as one attempts to increase the wetting speed, alkali tolerance decreased.
Decyl alcohol phosphate containing six moles of ethylene oxide appeared to be a good compromise for both properties.

KOD 238 is an ethoxylated phosphate ester used in a variety of agricultural applications.

KOD 238 is an optimized phosphate ester for use as dispersant and compatibilizer in high electrolyte systems.

KOD 238 dispersant is an optimized phosphate ester for high electrolyte systems. 

KOD 238 facilitates the compatibility of pesticides in fertilizer solutions and in multi-active tank mixes.

KOD 238 allows the dilution of pesticide SCs into fertilizers and aids the mixing of multiple actives in tank mix formulations preventing flocculation and sedimentation.

KOD 238 has an optimized structure, which allows formulators to meet the window of good compatibility.
Similar phosphate esters were formulated with bifenthrin and evaluated for compatibility with 10-34-0 fertilizer.

Imidacloprid SC
Imidacloprid 21.4%
KOD 238 8%
Propylene glycol 5%
Kaolin clay 5%
Defoamer 0.3%
Xanthan gum 0.2%
Water up to 100%

Bifenthrin SC
Bifenthrin (94.6%) 17.5%
KOD 238 8%
Propylene glycol 5%
Defoamer 0.3%
Xanthan gum 0.05%
Water up to 100%

Bifenthrin Fertilizer SC
Bifenthrin (94.6%) 33%
KOD 238 2.5%
10-34-0 fertilizer 55%
Water 9.5%

EC / List no.: 615-892-2
CAS no.: 73038-25-2

Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(1) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(2) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(3) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(5) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(6) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(7) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(8) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(9) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(10) Phosphate Ester

CAS Number: 73038-25-2
2-(11-methyldodecoxy)ethanol;phosphoric acid
Alcohol ethoxylate phosphate ester
Isotridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
isotridecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-isotridecyl-.omega.-hydroxy-, phosphate
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), a-isotridecyl-w-hydroxy-, phosphate, ethoxylated (73038-25-2)
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isotridecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate
poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-isotridecyl-omega-hydroxy-,phosphates

Other names
POLY(OXY-1,2-ETHANEDIYL), .ALPHA.-ISOTRIDECYL-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY-, PHOSPHATE

The following recipes guide provides you with stable formulations that can be diluted into fertilizes such as NPK 10-34-0, 30% AMS or Thiosulphate fertilizer.
Above recipes are meant for guideline purpose only. It might be necessary to add additional propylene glycol, biocides, defoamers etc

OUR PORTFOLIO
Butanol Phosphate (Mono/Di-ester)
Nonyl Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
2-Ethylhexyl Phosphate (Mono/Di-ester)
Styrenated Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
2-Ethylhexyl Ethoxylated Phosphate (Mono/Diester)
Phenol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Lauryl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Allyl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Tridecyl Alcohol Phosphate
Hydroxyethyl Methycrylate Phosphate
Tridecyl Alcohol (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Methacrylic Acid (ethoxylated) Phosphate
Cetyl Alcohol Phosphate
Methacrylic Acid (propoxylated) Phosphate)
Oleyl Alcohol Phosphate
Phosphate esters of other fatty alcohols or alkoxylates

PRODUCTS ATAMAN CHEMICALS OFFER : 

Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Nonylphenol Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (2 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (5 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(1) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(2) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(3) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(5) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(6) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(7) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(8) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(9) Phosphate Ester
Isotridecyl Alcohol POE(10) Phosphate Ester

Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (2 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (3 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (4 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (5 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (6 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (8 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (9 moles)
Phosphate Ester of Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (10 moles)

Laureth-2 Phosphate
Laureth-3 Phosphate
Laureth-4 Phosphate
Laureth-5 Phosphate
Laureth-6 Phosphate
Laureth-7 Phosphate
Laureth-8 Phosphate
Laureth-9 Phosphate
Laureth-10 Phosphate

Trideceth-2 Phosphate
Trideceth-3 Phosphate
Trideceth-4 Phosphate
Trideceth-5 Phosphate
Trideceth-6 Phosphate
Trideceth-7 Phosphate
Trideceth-8 Phosphate
Trideceth-9 Phosphate
Trideceth-10 Phosphate

Isotrideceth-2 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-3 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-4 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-5 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-6 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-7 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-8 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-9 Phosphate
Isotrideceth-10 Phosphate

Phosphate estes are anionic surfactants which are produced by phosphation of fatty alcohols and ethoxylated aliphatic and aromatic alcohols.
Compared to other anionic surfactants, phosphate esters offer specific advantages, including stability over a broad pH range, good solubility and corrosion inhibiting properties.
Phosphate esters are highly suitable for use as emulsifying agents, wetting agents, anti-stats, corrosion

APPLICATIONS OF PHOSPHATE ESTERS
Pigment dispersing agent for paint colouring.
Detergent, foamer, emulsifier for detergent concentrates and cleaners.
Fabric Care, Home Care.
Water soluble emulsifier used in industrial cleaners and dry cleaning.
Anti-wear and extreme pressure additive for water based metal working fluids.
Multifunctional additive for oil and water based lubricants providing emulsification.
Anti-wear, extreme pressure and corrosion inhibition.

NONYL PHENOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
STYRENATED PHENOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
OCTYL PHENOL ETHOXYLATES PHOSPHATE ESTERS
TRIDECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
DECYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS
LAURYL ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE PHOSPHATE ESTERS

Tridecyl alcohol ethoxylated phosphate ester. It is an effective emulsifier in emulsion polymerization and provides the finished latex with low coagulum and improved handling and storage stability.

Phosphate ester based on tridecyl alcohol: This anionic surfactant functions as an emulsifier, wetting agent, corrosion inhibitor and antistatic to a wide range of industrial applications.

Polyoxyethylene lauryl ether phosphate
39464-66-9
Laureth-4 phosphate
2-dodecoxyethanol;phosphoric acid
Briphos L 2D
Phosten HLP 1
Laureth-7 phosphate
Laureth-8 phosphate
Ethfac 142W
Tryfac 325A
Tryfac 525A
Fosterge A 2523
Agent RD-510
Gafac RD 510
Steinaphat EAK 8190
PEG-4 Lauryl ether phosphate
PEG-7 Lauryl ether phosphate
PEG-8 Lauryl ether phosphate
Polyethylene glycol (7) lauryl ether phosphate
PE 122
Dodecyl alcohol, ethoxylated, phosphated
Polyoxyethylene (4) laury ether phosphate
Polyoxyethylene (7) lauryl ether phosphate
Polyoxyethylene (8) lauryl ether phosphate
Lauryl alcohol, phosphated, polyglycol ether
UNII-0GI2K4BEJW
0GI2K4BEJW
Polyethylene glycol 200 lauryl ether phosphate
Polyethylene glycol 400 lauryl ether phosphate
UNII-0N8G76HI1O
UNII-3VRF108Z7J
UNII-A00GK0A6H7
Phosphoric acid, ester with lauryl polyglycol ether
UNII-Q5M30735TS
0N8G76HI1O
3VRF108Z7J
A00GK0A6H7
SCHEMBL3650059
UNII-29FEQ28419
DTXSID60928019
alpha-Dodecyl-omega-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) phosphate
Q5M30735TS
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-dodecyl-omega-hydroxy-, phosphate
29FEQ28419
Phosphoric acid, mixed ester with laurylpolyglycol ether and polyethylene glycol
Phosphoric acid--2-(dodecyloxy)ethan-1-ol (1/1)
Laureth-4 Phosphate, Lauryl Alcohol POE(4) Phosphate

OTHER PRODUCTS YOU MIGHT BE INTERESTED IN:

Alcohol Alkoyxylate
Alcohol Ether Sulfate
Alcohol Ethoxylate
Alcohol Phosphate
Alkoxylated Isopropanolamide
Alkyl Benzene Sulphonic Acid, Linear
Alkyl Dimethyl Benzyl Ammonium Chlorides
Alkyl Ether Phosphate
Alkyl Phenol Ether Sulphate
Amine Neutralized Phosphate Ester
Amino Tri (Methylene Phosphonic acid) 50%
Amino Tri-Methylene Phosphonic Acid (ATMP)
Ammonium Alkyl Ether Sulfate
Ammonium Laureth Sulfate
Ammonium Lauryl Sulfate
Ammonium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Ammonium Xylene Sulfonate
Anionic Blend
Benzalkonium Chloride
Blended Betaine
Blended Cationic
Butyl Based Block Copolymer
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Branched
Calcium Alkylbenzene Sulfonate, Linear
Canola

Canola Oil, Methyl Ester

Capramidopropyl Betaine

Capric Triglyceride

Caprylic Triglyceride

Castor Oil Ethoxylate
Catalyst Blend
Cetamine Oxide
Citric Acid
Cocamide DEA
Cocamide MEA
Cocamidopropyl Betaine
Cocamidopropyl Hydroxysultaine
Cocamine Ethoxylate
Cocamine Oxide
Coco Methyl Ester
Cocoamidopropylamine Oxide
Decaglycerol Caprylate
Decaglycerol Hexaoleate
Decyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Decylamine Oxide
Dialkyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Didecyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate
Disodium Cocoamphodipropionate
Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate
Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid, Branched
Dyes & Color
Erythritol Distearate
Ethoxylated Polyaryl Phenol Sulfate, Ammonium Salt
Fatty Acid Ethoxylated
Fatty Diethanolamide, Modified
Glycerol Monocaprylate
Glycerol Monooleate
Glycerol Monostearate
Glyceryl Caprylate
HEDP (1-Hydroxy Ethylidene-1, 1-Diphosphonic Acid)
Hexahydro 1,3,5-Tris (2-Hydroxyethyl)-S-Triazine
Hydrogenated Palm Stearin
Hydrogenated Tallow
Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil
Isopropanolamine Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate, Branched
Isopropylamine Alkylbenzene Sulfonate
Isopropylamine Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
Lauramide DEA
Lauramide MEA
Lauramidopropylamine Oxide
Lauramine Oxide
Lauric Acid Methyl Ester
Lauryl / Myristylamidopropyl Dimethylamine Oxide
Lauryl Alcohol Alkoxylate
Lauryl Lactyl Lactate
Laurylamidopropyl Betaine
Lignosulfonate Blend
Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate
Lithium Decyl Sulfate
Low Acid Alcohol Phosphate
Low Acid Complex Alcohol Phosphate
MEA Lauryl Sulfate
Methyl Caprylate
Methyl Laurate
Methyl Linoleate
Methyl Myristate Blend
Methyl Oleate
Methyl Palmitate
Methyl Soyate
Myristalkonium Chloride (AND) Quaternium 14
Myristamine Oxide
Myristylamine Oxide
N,N-Dimethyloctamide (N,N Dimethylcaprylamide) AND N,N-Dimethylcanamide (N,N-Dimethylcapramide)
Nonionic Surfactant Blend
Nonionic Blend
Nonyl Phenol EO/PO Copolymer
Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester
Nonylphenol Ethoxylate
Octyl Decyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chlorides
Octyl Phenol Ethoxylate
Olealkonium Chloride
Oleamide DEA
PEG 80 Sorbitan Laurate
PEG-6 Cocamide
Pentaerythrityl Tetracaprylate
Quaternary Blend
Sodium 2-Ethyl Hexyl Sulfate
Sodium Alkane Sulfonate
Sodium Alkyl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Alkyl Sulfate
Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate
Sodium Caprylyl Sulfonate
Sodium Cocoamphoacetate
Sodium Coco-Sulfate
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate
Sodium Decyl Sulfate
Sodium Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate
Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
Sodium Hexametaphosphate (SHMP)
Sodium Laureth Sulfate
Sodium Laurimidodipropionate
Sodium Lauroyl Lactylate
Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfoacetate
Sodium Metabisulfite
Sodium Metabisulphite
Sodium Methyl 2-Sulfolaurate
Sodium Naphtalene Sulphonate
Sodium Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Sodium Octane Sulfonate
Sodium Octyl Sulfate
Sodium Octylphenol Ethoxylate Sulfate
Sodium Potassium Sulfonate
Sodium Stearoyl Lactylate
Sodium Sulphite
Sodium Thiosulphate
Sodium Toluene Sulfonate
Sodium Trideceth Sulfate
Sodium Tridecyl Ether Sulfate
Sodium Xylene Sulfonate
Sorbitol Monooleate Ethoxylate
Sorbitol Trioleate Ethoxylate
Soy-Amidoamine Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride
Soybean Methyl Ester
Soybean Oil, Methyl Ester
Stearalkonium Chloride
Stearamidopropalkonium Chloride
Stearamine Oxide
Steric Trimethyl Quarternary
Tallow Amine Ethoxylate
Tallow Amine Ethoxylate Salts
TEA Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate
TEA Lauryl Sulfate
Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester
Triethanolamine Phosphate Ester
Triethylene Glycol Di Caprylic
Triglycerol Esters of Mixed Fatty Acids
Triglycerol Monooleate
Trimethylolpropane Tricaprylate
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester Potassium Salt
Tristyrylphenol Ethoxylate Phosphate Ester TEA Salt
Tristyrylphenol Polyalkylene Oxide Block Copolymer

OTHER PRODUCTS OF ATAMAN CHEMICALS :

12 Hydroxy stearic acid
2 Ethyl hexanoic acid
2 Ethyl hexanol
2 Ethyl hexanol phosphate ester
2 ethylhexyl acrylate monomer
2 Ethyl hexyl sulfate/EHS
2 Octyl Dodecanol
ABS Acid
ABSNa
Ac 629 / Poliethylene wax
Acetic Acid %100
Acetic Acid %80
Acetone
Acid Buffer
Acrylamide
Acrylic acid
Acticid SPX
Active Carbon
Acumer 1100
Acumer 2000
Acumer 3100
Acumer 5000
Adipic Acid
Aerosil 200
Agrogen
CT Agrogen 10
Agrogen 42
Agrogen 59
Agrogen 85
Agrogen 885
Agrogen ABS 65 C4
Agrogen BL 1050
Agrogen BL 1254
Agrogen BL 1256
Agrogen BL 1281
Agrogen BL 1594
Agrogen BL 1787
Agrogen BN
Agrogen BP 2454
Agrogen CFX 3
Agrogen CSO 20
Agrogen CSO 35
Agrogen DAS 545
Agrogen ESO 81
Agrogen G3
Agrogen K 3
Agrogen LP 15
Agrogen LP 68
Agrogen ME 310
Agrogen ME 320 D
Agrogen ME 330
Agrogen NL 8
Agrogen NP 10
Agrogen NP 10 P
Agrogen NP 15
Agrogen NP 4030 T
Agrogen NSC
Agrogen PG 8107
Agrogen SBB
Agrogen SLS 12 P98
Agrogen SMO 20
Agrogen STS
Agrogen TSP 15
Air Absorber
Air Drier Thinner
Alcamuls OR/36
Alcamuls RC
Alcamuls T/20
Alcamuls VO/ 2003
ALDEHYDE C-10
ALDEHYDE C-11 UNDECYLENIC
ALDEHYDE C-12 LAURIC
ALDEHYDE C-14 (GAMMA UNDECALACTONE)
ALDEHYDE C-18 (GAMMA NONALACTONE)
ALDEHYDE C-8
ALDEHYDE CINNAMIQUE
Alem 07
Alem 140
Alem Hd
Alfa Olefin Sulfonate Powder/Liquid
Alkane Sulfonate %60
Allantoin
Allura Red
ALLYL AMYL GLYCOLATE
Aloxicoll Pf 40
ALPHA PINENE ALS
Aluminum Chloro Hydrate
Aluminum Di Stearate
Aluminum Hydroxide
Aluminum Mono Stearate
Aluminum Oxide
Aluminum Stearate
Aluminum Sulfate
Aluminum Tristearate
Amebact C
Amido Amine
Amino Ethyl Ethanole Amine / AEEA
Amino Functional Silicons
Amino Polyether Silicon
Ammonia
Ammonium Acetate
Ammonium Bi Carbonate
Ammonium Bi Chromate
Ammonium Bi Fluoride
Ammonium Chloride
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate %30
Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate / Ales 70%
Ammonium Lignon Sulphonate
Ammonium Nitrate
Ammonium Persulfate
Ammonium Stearate
Ammonium Sulfate
Amphoteric Pailette Fabric Softener
AMYL SALICYLATE
Amylase
ANISALDEHYDE
Anionic Nylon Fixative %40
Anionic Polyelectrolyte
Antifoam 10
Antifoam AR 30
Antifoam AR 30
Antifoam BO Antifoam EF
Antifoam FDP
Antifoam Oil Base
Antifoam Powder
Antifoam Powder
Antifoam Slicone Base
Antifoam WW
Antimuan Trioxide
Antimussol 4459
Antiperoxide Enzyme Concentrated
Antiscalants
APG/Alkyl Poli Glycoside
Apretan
Aquazym Ultra 1200 N / Alpha Amylase
Armohib 18
Armohib 28
Arsenic
Ascorbic Acid
Asesulpham K
Aspartam
ATMP
Avicel PH 101
Avicel PH 102
BACDANOL
Bactericide
Barium Carbonate
Barium Chloride
Barium Sulfate
Baryte
BC 330/60
BC 330LV
BC Antifoam 99/040
BC Antifoam AP
BC Antifoam AR20
BC Antifoam AR30
BC Antifoam C100
BC Antifoam E6
BC Antifoam ED5
BC P500
BC Silicone Fluids
Bead Costic
Bead Glue
BENZALDEHYDE
Benzaldehyde
Benzalkonium Chlorite %50 – % 80
Benzisothiazoline – 3 – One
Benzisothiazoline / Bit
Benzoic Acid
Benzotriazol
BENZYL ACETATE
BENZYL ALCOHOL
Benzyl Alcohol
Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl Chloride
BENZYL SALICYLATE
Bermacol / HES
Berol 226
Beta Carotene
BETA PINENE
Betaine %35 – % 45
BHA/ Butyl Hydroxy Anisole
BHT / Butyl Hydroxy Toluene
Bilapill Cold OP 200
Bilapill Cold OP PLUS K
Bilapill Cold OPK
Bilca AL 100
Bilfix KO 40
Bilfix KO 55
Bilfix OX
Bilkim 85
Bilkim FLK
Bilkim PAA ( Poly Acrylic Acid )
Bilkim RT
Bilkim SD
Billate RGL
Bilperen P 10
Bilsil AC 200
Bilsil HİS CONC
Bilsil MAK C
Bilsoft CNF
Bilsoft EGM
Bilsoft EST
Bilsoft HDS
Bilsoft KP 100
Bilsoft NP 100
Bilsoft NYS
Bilsol NP 10 P
Bilsol OP
Bilsol PGC
Bilsol PGO
Bilspes BSC Liquid
Bilspes BSR
Bilspes X5 ECO
Bilstone GRK
Bilstone SR 100
Bilwax PE 25
Binder
Biocides
Biodac 11009
Biodac 11027
Bitsoft HS 50
Blend Oil Emulsufier
Blue Bead BNPD
Borax Decahydrate
Borax Pentahydrate
Boric Acid Powder/Cyrstal
BORNEOL
Brillant Blue
Brom Tablate
Bronopol
Butil Diglycol Acetate
Butil Glycol
Butyl Acetate
Butyl Acrylate Monomer
Butyl Alcohol
Butyl Benzoate
Butyl Diglycol
Butyl Glycol Acetate
Butyl Stearate
C 10 İsodecyll Alcohol 3EO/5EO/6EO/8EO
C 12 14 Alcohol 2EO/3EO/5EO/6 EO/7EO
C 13 Tridecyl Alcohol 3EO/5EO/6EO/8EO/12EO
C 1618 Alcohol 6 EO /12 EO
C 9 11 Oxo Alcohol 6 EO / 8 EO
C.A.S.E. Pollliols
Calcite/ Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Acetate
Calcium Ammonium Nitrate
Calcium Carbonate
Calcium Chelate
Calcium Chloride
Calcium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate %65
Calcium Floride
Calcium Gluconate
Calcium Hydroxide
Calcium Hypochloride
Calcium Kazeinate
Calcium Ligno Sulfonate
Calcium Metal
Calcium Nitrate
Calcium Propionate
Calcium Stearate
Calcium Sulfate
Calgon
Calgon Pt
CAMPHOR (D-CAMPHOR)KAFUR
Caprolactam
Caprylic Capric Triglyceride
Caramel liquid
Carbitol Solvents Carbohydrazide
Carbon Black
Carmosine
Carnauba Wax
Carnauba Wax T 3
Carrageenan
Casein
Castor Oil
Castor Oil 20 EO
Castor Oil 35 EO
Castor Oil 40 EO
Catalase T 400
Cellulosic Thinner
Cellusoft 25000 L / Selülaz
Ceteareth 25
Ceteareth 50
Ceteareth 80
Cetiol HE
Cetrimonium Chloride 30
Cetyl Alcohol
Cetyl Stearyt Alcohol 30/70 – 50/50
CF 450 K/ Fiksatör 45
Chlor % 56
Chlor % 90
Chlor Amine T
Chlor Hexidine Gluconate
Chlor Paraffine
Chlor Paraffine % 44 – % 52
Chlorhexidingluconate
Chloride/TH PC
Chrome Alum
Chromic Acid
Chrystale Sulphide
CIS-3-HEXENYL SALICILATE
CITRONELLE JAWA
CITRONELLOL
Cit Mit % 14 – % 1,5
Citric Acid Anhydrus
Citric Acid Monohydrate
CMC
Cobalt Chloride
Cobalt Oxide
Cobalt Sulfate
Coco Dea % 85 – % 99
Coco Dietanol Amin % 85 – % 99
Coco Oil Acid
Coco Propylene Diamine Guanidine
Colophon Resin
Color Darkener
Colorants
Comperlan COD
Comperlan KD
Convencional Polyols
Copper Acetate
Copper Carbonate
Copper Chelate
Copper Cyanide
Copper Nitrate
Copper Oxide
Copper Sulfate
Corn Fiber
Corn Starch
Corrosion Inhibitor
Cosmedia HC 40
COUMARIN
Covering Binder
Crafol AP 261
Cream of Tartar
Crease-resist Finishing Recine
Cross Connector
CSA 25 EO
CSA 50 EO
CSA 80 EO Powder
Cyanuric Chloride
Cyclo Hegzanon
Cyclo Hexylamine
Cyclo Penta Siloxane
Cyclohexanone
Cyclohexylamine
Cyclopenta Siloxane
D. Limonene
D. Panthenol %75
Dadmac
Datem
Dbnpa / 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamite
Dc 200/100 Polydimethylsiloxane
DCMX
DDMAC % 50 – %80
Dehydol LS 2 TH
Dehydol LS 3 TH
Dehydol LS 6 TH
Dehydol LS 7 TH
Dehydol LT 7 TH
Dehydran 1620
Dehymuls SMO
Dehyquart A CA
Dehyquart AU 46
Dehyquart CC 7 BZ
Dehyton DC
Dehyton PL
Demulsol A
Denatonium Benzoate
Dequest 2000
Dequest 2010
Dequest 2060
Dequest 2066 S
Detergent Dyes
Detergent Powder
Dextrin
Dextrose monohydrate
DIHYDROMYRCENOL
DIPHENYL OXYDE
Di ammonium Phosphate / DAP
Di Calcium Phophate
Di Chloroisocyanuric acid
Di Ethanolamine / DEA
Di Ethyl Ethanol Amine / DEEA
Di Ethyl Hydroxylamine / DEHA
Di Ethyl Phthalate
Di Ethylamin Amino Ethanol / DEAE
Di Ethylene Glycole / DEG
Di Ethylene Tri Amine / DETA
Di İso Butyl Phthalate / DIBP
Di iso Decyl Phthalate / DIDP
Di İso Nonyl Phthalate / DINP
Di Methyl Formamide / DMF
Di Methyl Sulfate / DMS
Di Oktil Adipat / DOA
Di Oktil Phthalate / DOP
Di Propylene Glicol / DPG
Di Sodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate
Di Sodium Phosphate
Di Sodium Phosphate Anhydrous
Di Sodyum Coco Ampho Diacetate
Diallyl Phthalate
Diamin KLG 2
Dichlorophen
Dicyandiamid
Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride %50 – % 80
Dimethycon
Dispersants
Dispersing Agents
Dissolvine CSA
D’LIMONENE
Dmapa
DMDMH
Dodigen 226
Dos 70 Dow 3387
Dow 8040 Silikon Yağı
Dow 8600
Dowanol DPM
Dowanol Dpnb
Dowanol PM
Dowanol PnB
Drilling foam
DSD Asit
DTPMP
Duasyn Brilliant Red F3b-Sf Liquid
Dywell 500
Ecological Carrier
Edenor
EDTA
EDTA Bor
EDTA Ca
EDTA Cu
EDTA Fe
EDTA K
EDTA Mg
EDTA Mn
EDTA Mo
EDTA Zn
Egesil 820 A
Elastomeric Nano Silicone
Eltesol SC 40
Eltesol SC 93
Empigen Bac 50
Empigen OB
Empigen OH 25
Empilan Kl 8 / Kl 6 / Kl 5
Empilan KR 6
Empilan KR 8
Emulgin 385
Emulsogen 4084
Emulsogen EPA 073
Emulsogen EPN 287
Emulsogen LCN 118
Emulsogen PF 20 S
Emulsogen TS 200
Environmental NP 10
Enzyme Protector
Epoxy Polyether Silicone
Epoxy Silicone
Epoxy Soybean Oil
Esterquart % 40 (softener cake)
Esterquart % 90
Esterquart Thickener
Ethomeen T
Ethyl Acetate
Ethyl Acrylate Monomer
Ethyl Alcohol
Ethyl Di Glicole
Ethyl Glicole
ETHYL MALTOL
ETHYL VANILLIN
Ethylene Diamine
EUCALYPTUS OIL
EUGENOL
Euperlan Pk 771
Eutanol G
Euxyl K 100 – 500
Exocide 1012
Exocide CF
Exocide GT
Exosel KS
Exxsol D 40 / D 60
Exxsol D 80 / D 100
Fastness Enhancer
Fe III Chloride
Fe III Chloride
FIXOLIDE
Fixator for Direct Dying % 40
Fixator for Direct Dying % 55
Fixator for Noformaldeyhde Reactive Dye % 45
Flake Sodium Hydroxide
Flant Vaseline
Flora Carbon Cotton/Polyster
Flosoft 222
Flotanol M / MİBC
Flotigam
Flotol B
Foamaster S 15
Folic acid
Food Coloring
Formaldehyde
Formic acid %85
FRAISON (STRAWBERRY FURANONE 99,5 % MIN)
Fructose Powder
Ftalic Anhydrite
Fumaric Acid
Furnace Thinner 100/150
Furnace Thinner H
GALAXOLIDE %50 DEP
GAMMA METHYL IONONE
GAMMA TERPINENE
Gelatine
Genagen
Genamin CS 302 D
Genamin SH 100
Genamin T 100/150/250
Genaminox CSL
Genaminox LA
Genapol Ed 3060
Genapol Ep 2584
Genapol PF 10
Genapol PF 20
Genapol PF 80 P
Genapol PN 30
Genapol T 250
Genapol T 800
Genapol X
GERANIOL
Gerapon SDS
Gerapon T/36
Geronol CF/AS 30
Geronol FF/4
Geronol FF/6
Geronol MOE-2F
Geronol MS
Geronol RE/70
Geronol SBF
Glicolic Acid
Gluconic Acid
Glue Spreader
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaric Acid
Glyoxal 40
Glyoxal Resin
Glyoxal Resin Concantrated
Glyserine Pharma
GMO / Glycerol Mono Oleate
GMS % 40 GMS % 90
Golpanol Als
Green Bead
Guar Gum
Gum Arabic
Gum Arabic
Gum Arabic
Hair Enzyme High Concentration
Heavy soda
Heavy/Light Soda
HEDIONE (METHYL DIHYDROJASMONATE)
Hedipin
HEDP %60
Heptan
Herbal Glycerin
Hexa Floro Salicylic Acid
Hexa Methylen Tetramine
Hexachloroethane
Hexahydro-1,3,5-Tris-( 2-Hydroxyethyl)
Hexamethylen Tetramine
Hexamine
Hexane
Hexylen Glycole
Hostaphat
Hostapur Sas 60
Hostavin
HPAA / 2-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid
HVP/ Hydrolize herbal protein
Hydrazine hydrate
Hydrazine Hydrate
Hydro Chloric Acid
Hydro Chloric Acid İnhibitor
Hydro Floric Acid
Hydrogen Peroxide %50
Hydrogen Peroxide Stabilizer
Hydrogenated Palm Stearin
Hydrogenated Tallow
Hydrophil Silicone Emulsion
Hydrophil Silicone Oil
Hydropolat 875
Hydroquinone
Hydroxyl Amine Sulfate / HAS
Hydroxyl Ethyl Cellulose / HES
Hypo Thickener
İmbentin C91/060
İmbentin C91/080
İmbentin T03/T05/ T06/T08
İndigo
İndustriel Thinner
İodine
İONONE ALPHA
İONONE BETA
İPA
İPBC
İPM
İPP
İron chelate
İron nitrate
İron sulfate
İSO AMYL ACETATE
İSO AMYL ALCOHOL
İSO AMYL BUTYRATE
İso Buthanol
İso Butyl Acetate
İSO E SUPER
İso Ftalic Acid
İso Nonanoic Acid
İso Oktyl Alcohol
İso Propyl Acetate
İso Propyl Alcohol
İSO PROPYL MYRISTATE
İso Stearic Acid
İso Thiazolin
İsoamyl Acetate
İsodecyl Alcohol
İsodecyl Alcohol Phosphate Esters
İsofor 20
İtaconic Acid
JASMONAL H
Jelatin
Jet Oil
Kafein Anhydrous
Kaolin
Karionic Polyelectrolytes
Kathon 873
Kathon 886
Kathon Lx
Kathon Wt
Kationic Paillette Softener
Keltrol F
Kriolit
Ktpp %5
Labsa
Labsa Powder
Laccase Enzym
Lactic Acid
Lactose
Lactose Monohydrate
Lamesoft TM Benz
Lanette 16
Lanette 18
Lanette O
Lanoline %50 Liquid
Lanoline Anhydrous Pharma
Lauric Acid
Lauryl Alchol Phosphate Esters
Lauryl Amine Oxyde
LAVANDIN GROSSO
Lead Acetate
Lead Nitrate
Lead Oxyde
Lecitin Liquid/Powder
LEMON OIL SPANISH
LILIAL
LINALOOL
LINALYL ACETATE
Licocene
Licolub
Licomer
Licowax
Light Soda
Lime Cream
Linear PDMS / PolyDiMethylSiloxan
Lipolase 100 L / Lipaz
Liquid Caustic %48
Liquid Paraffin
Liquid Vaseline
Lityum Carbonate
Lityum Hydroxyde
Lityum Stearate
Locron Lif
Locron P
Locron S
Lonzabag Bg
Lowinox
Ludigol
Macro Silicone
Macro Slicone Emulsion
Magnasoft CJS
Magnasoft Derma NT
Magnasoft SILQ
Magnessium Slicate
Magnessium Carbonate
Magnessium Chelate
Magnessium Chloride
Magnessium Hegza Phlora Slicate
Magnessium Nitrate
Magnessium Oxyde
Magnessium Slica Fluoride
Magnessium Stearete
Magnessium Stearete
Magnessium Sulphate
Maleic Acid Acrylic Acid Copolimer % 45
Maleic Anhydride
Malic Acid
Malto Dextrin
Mangane Carbonate
Mangane Di Oxyde
Mangane Sulphate
Marlon ARL Powder
Marlon PS 60
Melamine
Melhyl Iso Butyl Ketone
Menthol
MENTHOL CRYSTAL 42/44 NATURAL
Mercapto Ethanol
Mercury
Methoxy Propylamine / MOPA
Methyl Alchol
METHYL ANTHRANILATE
METHYL CEDRYL KETONE (VERTOFIX)
Methyl Ethyl Ketone / MEK
Methyl Isobutyl Carbitol / MIBC
Methyl Metacrilate Monomer
Methyl Paraben
Methyl Paraben Sodium
Methyl Triglycol
Methylene Chloride
Micro Nutrition
Micro Slicone Emulsion
Micro Slicone Oil
Milcoside 101
Milcoside 102
Mold Oil Emulgator
Mold Release
Mono Ammonium Phosphate – MAP
Mono and Diglycerides of Fatty Acids
Mono Calcium Phosphate
Mono Ethanol Amine / MEA
Mono Ethylene Glycol / MEG
Mono Glycerid
Mono Magnessium Phosphate
Mono Potassium Phosphate / MKP
Mono Propylene Glycol / MPG
Mono Sodium Glutamate
Mono Sodium Phosphate Anhydrus / MSP
Mono Zinc Sulphate
Monomuls 90-35
Montan Wax
Mordante T 400 / T 600
Mordanting Material
Morpholine
Mrystile Amine Oxyde
Mykon Atc Blue
Mykon Atc Grean
Myritol 312
Myritol 318
N Butyl Acetate
N Methyl Prolidone/NMP
Naftelene Sulphonate % 40
Naftelene Sulphonate % 93
Nano Silicone Emulsion
Natrasol H 250 / HES
N-Butanol
N-Butyt Ethanolamine
Neutral Liquid Optical
Nickel Chloride
Nickel Nitrate
Nickel Sulfate
Nipacide Bit 20
Nipacide Bit AS 20
Nipacide CFX 3
Nipacide Cl 15
Nipacide Dd 100
Nipagin M
Nipaguard
Nitric Acide
Nitrocellulose
N-methlyol Acrylamide
NMP
N-Octyl İsothiazolinone
Non GMO Soya Lesitin
Nonionic Paillette Softener
Nonyl Phenol Ethoxylate Esters NP 10
NP 15
NP 20
NP 30
NP 4
NP 40
NP 6
NP 8
N-Propanol
NTA/Triton A 92
Nutritional Yeast
Oat Fiber
Octyl Alchol
Octyl Alchol Phosphate Ester
Octyl Phenol 25 EO
Odorless Thinner
Oleic Acid
Oleoyl Sarcosine
Oleyl Amin 2 EO
Oligomer Abraj Preventer
Opaque Maker
O-Phenyl Phenol
Optical Liquid (blue nuanced)
Optical Whitening Powder
ORANGE OIL BRASIL
Organic Silicone
Organic Silicone Adjuvant
Ortho Fhtal Aldehyde
Orto Fenyl Fenat
Ouartamine
Oxalic Acid
Oxalic Acid
Oxide Polyethylene Wax
Oxone
Para Chloro Meta Cresol / PCMC
Para Chloro Meta Xylenol / PCMX
Para Formaldehyde
Para Toluen Sulphonic Acid/Powder
PARACYMEN
Paraffin Emulsifier %100
Paraffin Wax
Paraformaldehyde
PATCHOULY DARK OIL
PBTC
PBTCA
Pea Green
Pearl
Pectin
PEG 1500
PEG 200
PEG 2000
PEG 300
PEG 300 Di Oleate
PEG 40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil
PEG 400
PEG 400 Cocoate
PEG 400 Di Oleate
PEG 400 Oleate
PEG 4000
PEG 4000 Mono Stearate
PEG 600
PEG 600 Cocoate
PEG 600 Di Oleate
PEG 600 Oleate
PEG 6000
PEG 7 Glyceril Cocoat
PEG 75 Lanolin
PEG 8000
Per Acetic Acid
Per Chlorethylen
Perlite
Permanent Coke Edge Binder %45
Phenol
Phenoxy Ethanol
Phenoxy Propanol
PHENYL ETHYL ACETATE
PHENYL ETHYL ALCOHOL
Phenyl Methyl Fluid
Phosphate esters
Phosphor Penta Oxide
Phosphor/ Red
Phosphoric Acid %85 (technical and food grade)
Photin Cbus 3B
PINE OIL 50 %
Pigment Printing Dye
Pine Oil
Pine Oil
Pine Terebentine
Plantacare 2000 Up
PM Glycole
PM Glycole Acetate
Polimeric Polyols
Polisher
Poly Acrylic Acid ( Bilkim PAA )
Poly Aluminium Chloride Liquid/ PAC
Poly Aluminium Chloride Powder/ PAC
Poly Carboxylate
Poly Ethylen Wax Emulsion % 25 – %40
Poly Glycerol
Poly Glycerol Esters /PGE
Poly Glycol
Poly İso Buten
Polyacrylamide
Polycarboxylate Liquid/Powder
Polycarboxylic Acid
Polydadmac
Polydimethylsiloxane/PDMS
Polyelectrolyte
Polyether Silicone
Polyethylen Wax Emulgator
Polyol / Vegetable Oil Based Antifoam
Polyquartenium 10
Polyquartenium 6
Polyquartenium 7
Polysorbate 20
Polysorbate 80
Polyuratane
Ponceau 4R
Potassium Bi Chromate
Potassium Bromide
Potassium Carbonate
Potassium Chlorate
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Cyonide
Potassium Ferrocyanide
Potassium Floride
Potassium Floro Silicate
Potassium Humate %85
Potassium Hyrdoxide Paillette / Liquid
Potassium Iodine
Potassium Ligno Sulfonate
Potassium Meta bi Sulfide
Potassium Nitrate
Potassium Permanganate
Potassium Peroxymonosulfate
Potassium Persulfate
Potassium Silicate
Potassium Sorbate
Potassium Sulfate
Potassium Tio Gluconate
Potassium Tripolyphosphate
Potato Fiber
Potato Starch
Povidone Iodine
Powder Milk
Powercon 100
PPG 1000/2000
Prapagen TQ
Precipitant
Preventol
Printex U
Prodectot GA 50
Propionic Acid
Propit Paraben Sodium
Propyl Paraben
Propylene Carbonate
Proteaz
Protectol PE
Provitamin B5
Proxel Gxl
Ptsa %70
PVA 5/88 – 40/88
PVA17/88 – 24/88
PVP K-30
Quinoline Yellow
Quartamin
Rapid Thinner
RASPBERRY KETONE
Reactive Dye Fixator % 45
Reductant %99 – %70
Rewoquart WE 18
Rhodacal 60/B
Rhodafac ARB/70
Rhodafac MB
Rhodameen RAM 7 / 8
Rhodasurf 860/ P
Rhodiacal 60/BE
Rhodiafac RS 710
Rhodiasolv ADMA 10
Rhodiasolv Green 21 / 25
Rhodorsil 426/R
Rhodorsil SP 3307
Riboflavin
Rigit Poliolls
Rock Dispersing Agent
Rock Dispersing Agent/ Rock / Powder
Rodine 50
Rodine 60
Rokacet 07
Rokacet K7
Rokacet KO300G
Rokacet R26
Rokacet R40
Rokacet R70
Rokacet RZ17
Rokacet S24
Rokacet S7
Rokafenol N 10
Rokafenol N 14
Rokafenol N 22
Rokafenol N 30/70
Rokafenol N 4
Rokafenol N 40
Rokafenol N 5
Rokafenol N 6
Rokafenol N 7
Rokafenol N 8
Rokafenol N 9
Rokamid K 35
Rokamid KAD
Rokamid MRZ17
Rokamid RAD
Rokamid RZ5P6
Rokamid TW5P6
Rokamin K 15
Rokamin SR 11
Rokamin SR 22
Rokamin SR 5
Rokamin SR 8
Rokamina K 30
Rokamina K 30G
Rokamina K 40
Rokanol 0100
Rokanol 018
Rokanol 03
Rokanol DB 3
Rokanol DB 5
Rokanol DB 7
Rokanol ID 5
Rokanol ID 7
Rokanol ID 8
Rokanol IT 12
Rokanol IT 3
Rokanol IT 5
Rokanol IT 6
Rokanol IT 7
Rokanol IT 8
Rokanol IT 9
Rokanol K 14
Rokanol K 18
Rokanol K 21
Rokanol K 3
Rokanol K 5
Rokanol K 7
Rokanol L3A
Rokanol L4P5
Rokanol L5A
Rokanol L5P5
Rokanol L7
Rokanol L7A
Rokanol LK1
Rokanol LK10
Rokanol LK2
Rokanol LK2A
Rokanol LK3
Rokanol LK4
Rokanol LK7
Rokanol LN 75/50
Rokanol LN 75K
Rokanol NL2.5
Rokanol NL5
Rokanol NL6
Rokanol NL8
Rokanol NL8P4
Rokanol T 10
Rokanol T 6
Rokanol T l2
Rokanol T l8
Rokopol 30P10
Rokopol 30P160
Rokopol 30P27
Rokopol 30P5
Rokopol 30P50
Rongallt C
ROSE ACETATE
Sabopal Se 240
Saccharin
Salicylic Acid
Sanolin Blue Ehrl Liqoid
Sapogenat
Sav/Lip
Sav/Ter/Lip 3.6
Savinase Ultra 16 L / Proteaz
Savinase® 6.0
Savinase®/Lipolase® 4.8/20
Savinase®/Termamyl®/Lipolase®
Securon 540
Sellenium (metal)
Shellsol D 40 / D 60
Shellsol T
Silan
Silicium Dioxid
Silicon Dioxid
Silicone Adjuvant
Silicone Antifoams
Silicone Grease / HTV
Silicone Grease / LSR
Silicone Grease / RTV-1
Silicone Grease / RTV-2
Silicone Oils
Sillicagel
Silosoft 222
Silver Nitrate
Sizing Enzym Concentrated
Sles %28
Sles %70
SM 1000 P Silicone Oil
SM 1002 P Silicone Oil
SM 1008 P Silicone Oil
SM 1100 P Silicone Oil
SM 1900 P Silicone Oil
Sodium Acetate
Sodium Acetate Anhydrous
Sodium Acid Pyrophosphate / SAP 28
Sodium Alginate/Thickener
Sodium Alluminium Silicate
Sodium Aluminate
Sodium Benzoate
Sodium Bi Carbonate
Sodium Bi Chromate
Sodium Bi Sulfate
Sodium Bi Sulfite
Sodium Bromate
Sodium Bromide
Sodium Carbonate Heavy/Light
Sodium Caseinate
Sodium Chlorate Powder
Sodium Chloride
Sodium Chlorite Powder/Liquid
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate %40
Sodium Cumene Sulfonate %93
Sodium Cyanide
Sodium Cyclamate
Sodium Di Acetate
Sodium Dichloroisocyanurate % 56
Sodium Dimethytthiocarbomate
Sodium Dodesil Benzen Sulfonate Powder
Sodium Floride
Sodium Formaldehyde Sulfoxylate
Sodium Formiate
Sodium Glucoheptonate
Sodium Gluconate
Sodium Hexametaphosphate
Sodium Hydrosulfite
Sodium Hydroxide Pailette
Sodium Hypochlorite
Sodium Hypochlorite (bleach)
Sodium Hypophosphite
Sodium İodine
Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate %35
Sodium Lignosulfonate % 93
Sodium Meta Bisulfite
Sodium Meta Silicate Anhydrous
Sodium Meta Silicate Pentahydrate
Sodium Metanitro Benzen
Sodium Molybdate
Sodium Naphthalene Sulfonate
Sodium Nitrate
Sodium Nitrite
Sodium Oleate
Sodium Ortho Phenyl Phenate / SOPP
Sodium Perborate
Sodium Percarbonate
Sodium Persulfate
Sodium Petrollium Sulfonate
Sodium Poly Acrylate %45
Sodium Saccharin
Sodium Silicate
Sodium Silicate 2 Module
Sodium Silicate 3 Module
Sodium Silicate Floride
Sodium Stearate
Sodium Stennate
Sodium Sulfate Refined/Cristallized
Sodium Sulfhydrate
Sodium Sulfide
Sodium Sulfite
Sodium Sulfonate
Sodium Sulfosuccinate 575
Sodium Sulphur
Sodium Tio Cyanate
Sodium Tio Sulfate
Sodium Tripolyphosphate Granule/Powder
Sodium Xylene Sulfonate
Sodyum Alfa Olefin Sülphonate
Sodyum Ascorbate
Soitem 101
Soitem 107
Soitem 132 SP
Soitem 15/OR
Soitem 150
Soitem 251
Soitem 2PE/127
Soitem 520
Soitem 8 FL
Soitem 8 FLN
Soitem 999
Soitem ATD/8
Soitem LWA
Sokalan Cp 5
Sokalan CP 9 Powder
Sokalan Pa 30
Sokalan Pa 40
Solid Paraffin
Solid Paraffine
Solvent Nafta
Solvesso 100 / 150 / 200
Soprophor CY/8
Soprophor FL
Soprophor S/40
Sorbic Acid
Sorbitan Mono Laurate / SML
Sorbitan Mono Oleate / SMO
Sorbitan Mono Palmitate / SMP
Sorbitan Mono Stearate / SMS
Sorbitol Liquid/Powder
Soya Lecithin
Spernat 22 S
Spindle Oil
Standamox PL
Stearic Acid 1838
Stearic Acid 1840
Stearic Acid 1842
Stearic Acid 1843
Stearic Acid 1865
Stone Acid
Stone Enzyme
Strontium Carbonate
Strontium Nitrate
Strontium Sulfate
STYRALLYL ACETATE
Styrene Monomer
Sulfamic acid
Sulfanilic acid
Sulfanilic Acide
Sulfate /THPS
Sulfatex Pax
Sulfone Butyl Oleate
Sulfone Castor Oil
Sulforokanol L270/1
Sulfuric Acid
Sulphure
Sunflower Oil Acid
Sunset Yellow
Supragil MNS 90
Supragil WP
SupragilRM/210
Sykanol Dkm
TAED Blue
TAED Green
TAED White
Talc
Talgamin 10 EO
Tall Oil Fatty Acid /TOFA
Tallow Amine Ethoxylate 10EO/15EO
Tallow Amine Ethoxylate 25EO
Tamarin/Thickener
Tamol NN 8906
Tamol NN 9401
Tamol S
Tannic Acid
Tannin
Tartaric Acid
Tartrazine
TBHP %70
Tegda
Terebentine
Terephthalic Acid
Termamyl 300 L / Alfa Amilaz
Terminox Ultra 200 L / Katalaz
TERPENYL ACETATE
TERPINEOL TERPINOLENE
Tert-butyl Acetate
Tetra Hidro Furan /THF
Tetra Potasyum Pyrophosphate
Tetra Sodium Pyrophosphate
Tetrakal
Tetron
Texapon Powder
Thecnical Urea
Thickener Natural / Synthetic
Thio Gluconic Acid
Thio urea
Thio urea Dioxid %99 – %70
Tin Chloride
Tin Oxide
Tin Sulfate
Titanium Dioxide
TKPP %99 Powder
TO 6 Phosphate Ester
TO 8 Phophate Ester
Toluen
Tolytriazol
TRIPLAL
Tri Buthyl Phosphate
Tri Calcium Phosphate
Tri Chlore Ethylen
Tri Cresyl Phosphate
Tri Ethanolamine % 85 – TEA % 85
Tri Ethanolamine % 99 – TEA % 99
Tri Ethylen Glicycol
Tri İso Buthyl Phosphate / TIBP
Tri İso Propanol Amine / TIPA
Triacetin
Triazine
Tributoxy Ethyl Phosphate
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid %90
Triclosan
Tridecyl Alcohol Ethoxylate
Tridecyl Alcohol Phosphate Ester
Tridecyl Alcohols
Trilon A92
Trilon B
Trimethyl Propane
Trimethylol Propane
Trioleat
Tripropylene Glycol Diacrylate
Trisodium Citrate
Trisodium Phosphate Anhydrous
Trisodium Phosphate Mono
Turpinal SL
Tylose H 100 000 / HES
Tylose H 200 000 / HES
Urea
Urea Formaldehyde
Urea Phospate
VANILIN
Vanilin Ethyl/Methyl
VERDOX
VERDYL ACETATE
VERTENEX (PTBCH ACETATE)
Vinyl Acetate Monomer/VAM
Vitamin B 10
Vitamin B 6
Vitamin C
Vitamin E Acetate
Wacker ASM SE 39
Wacker VR 1300
Wacker Wetsoft NE 810
Water and Oil Repelling
Water Based Connector
Waterproof Finishing Concentrated
Wheat Gluten
Wheat Starch
White Oil
White Sprit
White Sprite
Xanthan Gum
Xanthan Gum Fn
Xylene
Zinc Acetate
Zinc Chelate
Zinc Chloride
Zinc Cyanide
Zinc formaldehyde Sulfoxylate
Zinc Oxide / White Seal
Zinc Oxide / Gold Seal
Zinc Selenide
Zinc Stearate
Zinc Sulfate
Zoharpon SE