COCOA BUTTER ORGANIC ; Theobroma Cacao (Cocoa) Seed Butter; Cocoa, extract; THEOBROMA CACAO SEED BUTTER CAS NO:8002-31-1

Organohalogens refer to a group of organic compounds that contain halogens, such as chlorine, bromine, or fluorine, and can be either synthetic toxicants or naturally occurring molecules found in various organisms and environments.
Organohalogens are a class of chemicals that are considered pollutants due to their persistent toxic effects.


Organohalogens can be transformed into less harmful compounds through dehalogenation methods using transition metal catalysts such as palladium, rhodium, iron, and nickel.
Palladium is the most commonly used transition metal for this transformation.


Organohalogens, any of a class of organic compounds that contain at least one halogen (fluorine [F], chlorine [Cl], bromine [Br], or iodine [I]) bonded to carbon.
Organohalogens are subdivided into alkyl, vinylic, aryl, and acyl halides.


In alkyl halides all four bonds to the carbon that bears the halogen are single bonds; in vinylic halides the carbon that bears the halogen is doubly bonded to another carbon; in aryl halides the halogen-bearing carbon is part of an aromatic ring; and in acyl halides (also called acid halides) the halogen-bearing carbon is doubly bonded to oxygen.


Organohalogens differ widely in chemical reactivity, depending on the halogen and the class to which they belong, and they may even differ within a class.
A halogen substituent is considered a functional group, and the transformations of organohalogen compounds rank among the most important in organic chemistry.


Organohalogens, Any of a class of organic compounds that contain at least one halogen (i.e., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine) bonded to carbon.
There are more than 2,000 naturally occurring Organohalogens, and there exist a variety of synthetic methods to introduce halogens into organic molecules.
Organohalogens are a large group of natural and synthetic chemicals.


Halogenated compounds, or organic halides, are organic compounds that contain halogen atoms.
Organohalogens are organic compounds containing halogen atoms as part of their molecule.
Haloalkanes (alkyl halides), haloarenes (aryl halides) and acid halides are some of the important classes of these compounds.


Organohalogens are the collective term used for compounds containing, in addition to carbon, elements of the halogen group, including astatine, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
Organochlorine compounds form a sub-group of the organohalogen group.


Organohalogens chemicals have a wide range of applications in both everyday life and industry.
Organic compounds with halogen atoms in their molecules are known as Organohalogens.
Haloalkanes (alkyl halides), haloarenes (aryl halides), and acid halides are examples of these compounds.


A polar C-X functional group is present in their molecules, with X being a halogen atom such as F, Cl, Br, or I.
The carbon atom has a partial positive charge, whereas the halogen atom, which is more electronegative than carbon, has a partial negative charge.
Halogenated compounds are those that contain a halogen element, such as chlorine, bromine, fluorine, iodine, and so on.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ORGANOHALOGENS:
Many organohalogen compounds, especially organochlorine compounds, are important industrial chemicals; they are used as solvents and pesticides and as intermediates in the preparation of dyes, drugs, and synthetic polymers.
More than 2,000 organohalogen compounds have been identified as naturally occurring materials and are produced by various plants, fungi, bacteria, and marine organisms.


A variety of synthetic methods to introduce halogens into organic molecules are available, and organic halogen compounds may be converted to other functional-group classes by reliable methods.
Organohalogens have a broad range of uses; for example, they may be used as intermediates in the production of dyes and resins, as pesticides, or as refrigerants.


Organohalogens that are of environmental concern because they contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer in the Earth’s upper atmosphere include chloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
Simple Organohalogens, such as alkyl halides, are made by substituting one or more H atoms in hydrocarbons with X atom(s).


The hybridization of the carbon to which the halogen is bound can be used to classify these compounds.
Organohalogens are employed as laboratory and industrial solvents (such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, westron, and westrosol); as precursors to other organic compounds; as anaesthetics (e.g. halothane); as refrigerants (such as freons); and so on.



EXAMPLES OF ORGANOHALOGENS:
The general term of Organohalogens refers to compounds with covalent carbon-halogen bonds Substances such as bromomethane (CH3Br) and chloroethane (CH3CH2Cl) are examples of Organohalogens, whereas others such as methylammonium chloride salt, which have no carbon-halogen bonds, are not.



CLASS OF ORGANOHALOGENS:
*Alkyl Halides (or haloalkanes)
*Allylic Halides
*Benzylic Halides


*Alkyl Halides
Alkyl Halides or Haloalkanes are represented by R-X.
The X atom is bonded to sp3 hybridised carbon of an alkyl group R that is derived from an alkane.
Mono Haloalkanes are represented by the general formula CnH2n+1X .
These are obtained by replacing one of the hydrogen from alkane by halogen.


*Allylic Halides
In allylic halides, the halogen is bonded to an sp3 – hybridised carbon atom, which is adjacent to a C=C.
This carbon is also known as allylic carbon.
For example, allyl chloride.
They also show a special trend in reactivity because of the stability of allyl carbocation.


*Benzylic Halides
The halogen group, in benzylic halides is bonded to an sp3 – hybridised benzylic carbon atom, which in return is bonded to an aromatic ring.
For example, Benzyl bromide.
They are also more reactive than normal haloalkanes due to the stability of benzyl carbocations.



NOMENCLATURE OF ORGANOHALOGENS:
Two types of IUPAC nomenclature are used when naming organohalogen compounds: substitutive and functional class.
In substitutive nomenclature the prefix fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, or iodo- is added to the name of the hydrocarbon framework along with a number (called a locant) identifying the carbon to which the halogen is attached.

Substituents, including the halogen, are listed in alphabetical order.
Examples of substitutive nomenclature are given here.
Molecular structures.

Two separate words are used when naming alkyl halides by functional class nomenclature.
The first word is the IUPAC name of the alkyl group (for an explanation of IUPAC nomenclature, see hydrocarbon), and the second is the word fluoride, chloride, bromide, or iodide—depending on the halogen.

The alkyl group chain is numbered beginning at the carbon to which the halogen is attached.
Some chlorinated hydrocarbons are known by common names of long standing.
These include CH2Cl2 (methylene chloride), CHCl3 (chloroform), CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride), CH2=CHCl (vinyl chloride), and CH2=CCl2 (vinylidene chloride).



CARBON-HALOGEN BOND STRENGTHS AND REACTIVITY OF ORGANOHALOGENS:
Among the various classes of Organohalogens, aryl halides have the strongest carbon-halogen bonds and alkyl halides the weakest, as, for example, in the following series of organochlorine compounds. (The bond dissociation energy is the amount of energy needed to break a given bond of a molecule in the gaseous phase.)

There is a rough correlation between bond strength and the rates of reaction of Organohalogens; for example, the stronger the carbon-halogen bond, the slower the rate of reaction.
Many of the most common and useful reactions of alkyl halides, when applied to vinylic or aryl halides, occur too slowly to be practical.


*Alkyl halides
**Structure and physical properties
Alkyl halides (RX, where R is an alkyl group and X is F, Cl, Br, or I) are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary according to the degree of substitution at the carbon to which the halogen is attached.

In a primary alkyl halide, the carbon that bears the halogen is directly bonded to one other carbon, in a secondary alkyl halide to two, and in a tertiary alkyl halide to three.
Molecular structures of primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides.

The methods used to prepare alkyl halides and the reactions that alkyl halides undergo frequently depend on whether the alkyl halide is primary, secondary, or tertiary.

A halogen substituent draws the electrons in the C―X bond toward itself, giving the carbon a partial positive charge (δ+) and the halogen a partial negative charge (δ-).
The presence of the resulting polar covalent bond makes most alkyl halides polar compounds.

Because the bond dipole (the measure of the separation of charge) of a C―X bond is the product of a charge term (largest for fluorine and smallest for iodine) and a distance term (smallest for fluorine and largest for iodine), the molecular dipole moments of alkyl halides do not vary much from one halogen to another.

The most important reactions of Organohalogens involve breaking the carbon-halogen bond by processes in which the halogen retains both of the electrons from the original bond and is lost as a negatively charged ion (X−).
Consistent with the order of carbon-halogen bond strengths, in which the bond to fluorine is the strongest and the bond to iodine the weakest of the carbon-halogen bonds, fluorides are normally observed to be the least reactive of the alkyl halides and iodides the most reactive.

The boiling points of ethyl halides increase as the atomic number of the halogen increases.
With increasing atomic number the halogen becomes more polarizable, meaning that the electric field associated with the atom is more easily distorted by the presence of nearby electric fields.

Fluorine is the least polarizable of the halogens and iodine the most polarizable.
An increased polarizability is associated with stronger intermolecular attractive forces of the London dispersion type (see chemical bonding: Intermolecular forces) and therefore with an increased boiling point.

Multiple halogen substitution tends to increase the boiling point: CH3Cl boils at −24 °C (−11 °F), CH2Cl2 at 40 °C (104 °F), CHCl3 at 61 °C (142 °F), and CCl4 at 77 °C (171 °F).
Multiple fluorine substitution is an exception, however: CH3CH2F boils at −32 °C (−26 °F), CH3CHF2 at −25 °C (−13 °F), CH3CF3 at −47 °C (−53 °F), and CF3CF3 at −78 °C (−108 °F).

By reducing the molecular polarizability, multiple fluorine substitution weakens the strength of dispersion forces between molecules.
In the liquid state these weakened intermolecular attractive forces are reflected in unusually low boiling points, and in the solid state they are responsible for the novel properties of fluorocarbon polymers.

The densities of alkyl halides are related to intermolecular attractive forces and tend to parallel boiling points, alkyl fluorides being the least dense and alkyl iodides the most dense.

In general, alkyl fluorides and chlorides are less dense than water, and bromides and iodides are more dense than water.
Alkyl halides are not soluble in water.



NATURAL OCCURRENCE OF ORGANOHALOGENS:
Estimates place the amount of chloromethane (methyl chloride; CH3Cl) that results from natural biological processes at more than five million tons (five billion kilograms) per year.
Most of this is produced in the oceans by marine algae and kelp, but terrestrial organisms—especially fungi—also contribute.

Smaller quantities (less than 250,000 tons per year) enter the atmosphere as a result of volcanic emissions, forest fires, and human activity.
Ocean-living organisms are a source of bromomethane (CH3Br) and iodomethane (CH3I).
More than 50 Organohalogens, including CHBr3, CHBrClI, BrCH2CH2I, CH2I2, Br2CHCH=O, I2CHCO2H, and (Cl3C)2C=O, have been identified as being present in the
Hawaiian red seaweed Asparagopsis taxiformis.
Virtually every marine plant that has been assayed has been found to produce Organohalogens, many of which have quite complicated structures.
Several naturally occurring halogen-containing substances have pharmaceutical applications.

Fluorine-containing natural products are relatively rare, the most prominent examples being ω-fluoro fatty acids.
(The prefix ω indicates that the substitution occurs at the end of a chain.)

Fluoroacetic acid, FCH2CO2H, occurs in the South African plant Dichapetalum cymosum and is quite toxic.
A related Dichapetalum species contains 16-fluorohexadecanoic acid, FCH2(CH2)14CO2H, which is also poisonous when ingested, because of its subsequent metabolic conversion to fluoroacetic acid.



HALOGENOALKANES, ORGANOHALOGENS:
Organohalogens have a hydrocarbon skeleton with a halogen functional group.
The hydrocarbon skeleton may be aliphatic or aromatic and the halogen may be fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

There are three main types of Organohalogens molecules:
the halogenoalkanes, the acid halides and the halogenoarenes (aromatic halogens).

Halogenoalkanes (or haloalkanes):
The halogenoalkanes are molecules in which one (or more) of the hydrogen atoms within an alkane molecule has been replaced by a halogen atom.

Structural isomers are a very common feature of the halogenoalkanes.
Changing the position of a halogen atom within a halogenoalkane makes a great difference to the properties of the molecule.
The halogenoalkanes may be classified into primary, secondary and tertiary compounds.



FIRST AID MEASURES of ORGANOHALOGENS:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ORGANOHALOGENS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ORGANOHALOGENS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ORGANOHALOGENS:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ORGANOHALOGENS:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ORGANOHALOGENS:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

ORP 5070 ORP 5070 is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / VeoVa copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to ORP 5070’s particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of ORP 5070 mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially after heat aging and water immersion conditions ORP 5070 provides excellent performance. TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF ORP 5070 Appearance of ORP 5070 White powder Chemical composition of ORP 5070 VA / VeoVa Copolymer Stabilizing System of ORP 5070 PVOH Residual Humidity (%)of ORP 5070 Max. 1.5 Density (g/l) of ORP 5070 525 ± 75 Ash Content (%) of ORP 5070 12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance of ORP 5070 High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water 6.0 – 7.0 pH MFFT (°C) of ORP 5070 8 Due to strong adhesion properties of ORP 5070, ORP 5070 can be used for manufacturing of tile adhesives and EIFS adhesives fullfilling requirements of standarts. The recommended dosages: C1 tile adhesives of ORP 5070 : 0.5 – 1.0 % C2 tile adhesives of ORP 5070 : 2.0 – 5.0 % EIFS adhesives of ORP 5070: 1.0 – 2.0 % Having excellent adhesion properties of ORP 5070, abrassion and water resistance of ORP 5070, ORP 5070 can be used in tile grouts and repair mortar formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %. Because of providing excellent water resistance of ORP 5070 and compressive strength of ORP 5070 ORP 5070 can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 %. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 improves adhesion, ORP 5070 improves flexibility and ORP 5070 improves water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially after heat aging and in water immersion conditions, ORP 5070 provides excellent performance. ORP 5070 is used in Tile adhesives.ORP 5070 is used in Tile grouts and repair mortars.ORP 5070 is used in EIFS plasters.ORP 5070 is used in Adhesives fro EPS and XPS boards. ORP 5070 has excellent adhesion properties, ORP 5070 abrasion and water resistance, ORP 5070 can be used in tile joints and repair mortar formulations between 2.0 - 4.0%. Due to the excellent water resistance of ORP 5070 and the compressive strength of ORP 5070, ORP 5070 can be used in EIFS plaster formulations between 3.0 - 5.0%. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. ORP 5070 improves adhesion due to its unique chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 increases flexibility and ORP 5070 increases the water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. ORP 5070 provides excellent performance especially after heat aging and immersion in water. ORP 5070 is used for tile adhesives, ORP 5070 for tile mortars and repair mortars, ORP 5070 for EIFS plasters, ORP 5070 for EPS and XPS boards. ORP 5070; is a redispersible powder produced by an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / VeoVa copolymer with PVOH as a protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the ORP 5070 polymer; allows the polymer to coalesce. ORP 5070 Provides good adhesion to re-dispersed polymer and cementitious substrates at low temperatures. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its special chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070; cement; adhesion of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as gypsum or lime; improves flexibility and water resistance. ORP 5070 offers excellent performance especially after heat aging and water immersion conditions. ORP 5070 is a ready-to-use, ORP 5070 fast drying, ORP 5070, water-based acrylic (VEOVA) copolymer floor and wall insulation primer with specific chemical and physical properties. ORP 5070 is an easy product to prepare for use. ORP 5070 It has excellent waterproofing. ORP 5070 Practical and easy to apply. ORP 5070 is water-based and environmentally friendly. ORP 5070 has high strength and UV resistance. ORP 5070 Provides the insulation of the walls and floors where it is applied, and allows breathing. ORP 5070 is used in floors, terraces and roofs that create wet areas and water ponding. ORP 5070 is used in foundation curtain concrete. ORP 5070 It is used as an adherence enhancing primer on the interior and exterior facades of buildings, on surfaces with adherence problems, before the product to be applied with the final layer. ORP 5070 It is used as an adherence enhancer before the screed to be applied on old concrete floors. ORP 5070 is used in factory warehouse areas. ORP 5070 is used for tile adhesives, ORP 5070 for tile mortars and repair mortars, ORP 5070 for EIFS plasters, ORP 5070 for EPS and XPS boards. ORP 5070 It is used on old surfaces with resistance problems. ORP 5070 is used as a protector on garden concrete and stone surfaces. ORP 5070 is used in sports fields with concrete and asphalt floors. Compounds modified with ORP 5070 VAE exhibit improved adhesion, flexural strength, deformability, wear resistance and are easier to process. Leveling, thixotropy and water retention are essentially unaffected. ORP 5070 is ideal for use with other mortar additives aimed at improving certain properties. ORP 5070 increases the adhesion between the base layer and the mortar, ORP 5070 makes the mortar with better alkali resistance. ORP 5070 Increases the compressive strength of the mortar, ORP 5070 extends the opening time. . ORP 5070 has excellent adhesion properties, ORP 5070 abrasion and water resistance, ORP 5070 can be used in tile joints and repair mortar formulations between 2.0 - 4.0%. Due to the excellent water resistance of ORP 5070 and the compressive strength of ORP 5070, ORP 5070 can be used in EIFS plaster formulations between 3.0 - 5.0%. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. ORP 5070 improves adhesion due to its unique chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 increases flexibility and ORP 5070 increases the water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. ORP 5070 provides excellent performance especially after heat aging and immersion in water. ORP 5070 is used for tile adhesives, ORP 5070 is used as a protector on garden concrete and stone surfaces. ORP 5070 is used in sports fields with concrete and asphalt floors. Compounds modified with ORP 5070 VAE exhibit improved adhesion, flexural strength, deformability, wear resistance and are easier to process. Leveling, thixotropy and water retention are essentially unaffected. ORP 5070 is ideal for use with other mortar additives aimed at improving certain properties. ORP 5070 increases the adhesion between the base layer and the mortar, ORP 5070 makes the mortar with better alkali resistance. ORP 5070 is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / VeoVa copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to ORP 5070’s particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of ORP 5070 mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially after heat aging and water immersion conditions ORP 5070 provides excellent performance. TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF ORP 5070 Appearance of ORP 5070 White powder Chemical composition of ORP 5070 VA / VeoVa Copolymer Stabilizing System of ORP 5070 PVOH Residual Humidity (%)of ORP 5070 Max. 1.5 Density (g/l) of ORP 5070 525 ± 75 Ash Content (%) of ORP 5070 12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance of ORP 5070 High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water 6.0 – 7.0 pH MFFT (°C) of ORP 5070 8 Due to strong adhesion properties of ORP 5070, ORP 5070 can be used for manufacturing of tile adhesives and EIFS adhesives fullfilling requirements of standarts. The recommended dosages: C1 tile adhesives of ORP 5070 : 0.5 – 1.0 % C2 tile adhesives of ORP 5070 : 2.0 – 5.0 % EIFS adhesives of ORP 5070: 1.0 – 2.0 % Having excellent adhesion properties of ORP 5070, abrassion and water resistance of ORP 5070, ORP 5070 can be used in tile grouts and repair mortar formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %. Because of providing excellent water resistance of ORP 5070 and compressive strength of ORP 5070 ORP 5070 can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 %. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 improves adhesion, ORP 5070 improves flexibility and ORP 5070 improves water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially after heat aging and in water immersion conditions, ORP 5070 provides excellent performance. ORP 5070 is used in Tile adhesives.ORP 5070 is used in Tile grouts and repair mortars.ORP 5070 is used in EIFS plasters.ORP 5070 is used in Adhesives fro EPS and XPS boards. ORP 5070 has excellent adhesion properties, ORP 5070 abrasion and water resistance, ORP 5070 can be used in tile joints and repair mortar formulations between 2.0 - 4.0%. Due to the excellent water resistance of ORP 5070 and the compressive strength of ORP 5070, ORP 5070 can be used in EIFS plaster formulations between 3.0 - 5.0%. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. ORP 5070 improves adhesion due to its unique chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 increases flexibility and ORP 5070 increases the water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. ORP 5070 provides excellent performance especially after heat aging and immersion in water. ORP 5070 is used for tile adhesives, ORP 5070 for tile mortars and repair mortars, ORP 5070 for EIFS plasters, ORP 5070 for EPS and XPS boards. ORP 5070; is a redispersible powder produced by an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / VeoVa copolymer with PVOH as a protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the ORP 5070 polymer; allows the polymer to coalesce. ORP 5070 Provides good adhesion to re-dispersed polymer and cementitious substrates at low temperatures. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its special chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070; cement; adhesion of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as gypsum or lime; improves flexibility and water resistance. ORP 5070 offers excellent performance especially after heat aging and water immersion conditions. ORP 5070 is a ready-to-use, ORP 5070 fast drying, ORP 5070, water-based acrylic (VEOVA) copolymer floor and wall insulation primer with specific chemical and physical properties. ORP 5070 is an easy product to prepare for use. ORP 5070 It has excellent waterproofing. ORP 5070 Practical and easy to apply. ORP 5070 is water-based and environmentally friendly. ORP 5070 has high strength and UV resistance. ORP 5070 Provides the insulation of the walls and floors where it is applied, and allows breathing. ORP 5070 is used in floors, terraces and roofs that create wet areas and water ponding. ORP 5070 is used in foundation curtain concrete. ORP 5070 It is used as an adherence enhancing primer on the interior and exterior facades of buildings, on surfaces with adherence problems, before the product to be applied with the final layer. ORP 5070 It is used as an adherence enhancer before the screed to be applied on old concrete floors. ORP 5070 is used in factory warehouse areas. ORP 5070 is used for tile adhesives, ORP 5070 for tile mortars and repair mortars, ORP 5070 for EIFS plasters, ORP 5070 for EPS and XPS boards. ORP 5070 It is used on old surfaces with resistance problems. ORP 5070 is used as a protector on garden concrete and stone surfaces. ORP 5070 is used in sports fields with concrete and asphalt floors. Compounds modified with ORP 5070 VAE exhibit improved adhesion, flexural strength, deformability, wear resistance and are easier to process. Leveling, thixotropy and water retention are essentially unaffected. ORP 5070 is ideal for use with other mortar additives aimed at improving certain properties. ORP 5070 increases the adhesion between the base layer and the mortar, ORP 5070 makes the mortar with better alkali resistance. ORP 5070 Increases the compressive strength of the mortar, ORP 5070 extends the opening time. . ORP 5070 has excellent adhesion properties, ORP 5070 abrasion and water resistance, ORP 5070 can be used in tile joints and repair mortar formulations between 2.0 - 4.0%. Due to the excellent water resistance of ORP 5070 and the compressive strength of ORP 5070, ORP 5070 can be used in EIFS plaster formulations between 3.0 - 5.0%. ORP 5070 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. ORP 5070 improves adhesion due to its unique chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 increases flexibility and ORP 5070 increases the water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. ORP 5070 provides excellent performance especially after heat aging and immersion in water. ORP 5070 is used for tile adhesives, ORP 5070 is used as a protector on garden concrete and stone surfaces. ORP 5070 is used in sports fields with concrete and asphalt floors. Compounds modified with ORP 5070 VAE exhibit improved adhesion, flexural strength, deformability, wear resistance and are easier to process. Leveling, thixotropy and water retention are essentially unaffected. ORP 5070 is ideal for use with other mortar additives aimed at improving certain properties. ORP 5070 increases the adhesion between the base layer and the mortar, ORP 5070 makes the mortar with better alkali resistance.

ORP 5070 MP ORP 5070 MP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / VeoVa copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 5070 MP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 MP improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially after heat aging and water immersion conditions ORP 5070 MP provides excellent performance. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance White powder Chemical composition VA / VeoVa Copolymer Stabilizing System PVOH Residual Humidity (%) Max. 1.5 Density (g/l) 525 ± 75 Ash Content (%) 12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water pH 6.0 – 7.0 MFFT (°C) 8 APPLICATION AREAS Adhesives: Due to its strong adhesion properties, ORP 5070 MP can be used for manufacturing of tile adhesives and EIFS adhesives fullfilling requirements of standarts. The recommended dosages: C1 tile adhesives : 0.5 – 1.0 % C2 tile adhesives : 2.0 – 5.0 % EIFS adhesives : 1.0 – 2.0 % Tile Grouts and Repair Mortars: Having excellent adhesion properties, abrassion and water resistance, ORP 5070 MP can be used in tile grouts and repair mortar formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %. EIFS Plasters: Because of providing excellent water resistance and compressive strength ORP 5070 MP can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 % PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 or 30 paper bags, each 25 kg (450 or 750 kg) also 500 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at temperatures between 10 – 25 °C. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months. ORP 5070 MP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 5070 MP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 MP improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self levelling mortar formulations ORP 5070 MP provides excellent abrasion resistance, flexural & compressive stength and good leveling. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 5070 MP ORP 5070 MP can be used between 1.5 – 4.0 % in self leveling mortar formulations. This amount of usage provides high abrasion resistance, water resistance, flexural & compressive strength. Also decreases segmentation and efflorescence. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE of ORP 5070 MP Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP 5070 MP has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. ORP 5070 MP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 MP improves adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature, ORP 5070 MP performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 5070 MP ORP 5070 MP can be used in mortar formulations where highly flexbily/elastic, hydrophobic and water resistant behavior is required at the same time. In high performance of ceramic tile grouts formulations (CG2) ORP 5070 MP can be used with the ratio of 2.0 - 4.0 % in weight and without requiring an additional hydrophobic agent. Moreover ORP 5070 MP is a very suitable redispersible powder polymer for cementitious water proofing mortars.It can be used with the ratio of 7.0 - 12.0 % in weight in 1K cementitious water proofing mortar formulations. Because of its molecular structure it provides high crack bridging ability. Also ORP 5070 MP performs very well in cementitious exterior plasters and topcoats with the amunt of 2.0 - 4.0 %. PRODUCT HANDLING - STORAGE - SHELFLIFE of ORP 5070 MP Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. Product identifier Product name ORP 5070 MP Chemical name and synonym Vinyl Acetate l VeoVa l Acrylic terpolymer Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Intended use Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars The product does not contain substances classified as being hazardous to human health or the environment pursuant to the provisions Regulation (EU) 1272/2008 (CLP) (and subsequent amendments and supplements) in such quantities as to require the statement. ORP 5070 MP is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyORP 5070 MP , an important industrial polymer. 1 Production of ORP 5070 MP 2 Preparation of ORP 5070 MP 2.1 Mechanism of ORP 5070 MP 2.2 Alternative routes 3 Polymerization of ORP 5070 MP 4 Other reactions of ORP 5070 MP 5 Toxicity evaluation of ORP 5070 MP Production of ORP 5070 MP The worldwide production capacity of ORP 5070 MP was estimated at 6,969,000 tonnes/year in 2007, with most capacity concentrated in the United States (1,585,000 all in Texas), China (1,261,000), Japan (725,000) and Taiwan (650,000).[4] The average list price for 2008 was $1600/tonne. Celanese is the largest producer (ca 25% of the worldwide capacity), while other significant producers include China Petrochemical Corporation (7%), Chang Chun Group (6%), and LyondellBasell (5%).[4] It is a key ingredient in furniture glue.[5] Preparation ORP 5070 MP is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the preparation of ORP 5070 MP is more complex than the synthesis of other acetate esters. The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst.[6] {\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}} The main side reaction is the combustion of organic precursors. Mechanism Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta-hydride elimination would generate ORP 5070 MP and a palladium hydride, which would be oxidized to give hydroxide. Polymerization It can be polymerized to give polyORP 5070 MP (PVA). With other monomers it can be used to prepare various copolymers such as ethylene-ORP 5070 MP (EVA), ORP 5070 MP -acrylic acid (VA/AA), polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va Copolymer, used in hair gels).[8] Due to the instability of the radical, attempts to control the polymerization via most 'living/controlled' radical processes have proved problematic. However, RAFT (or more specifically MADIX) polymerization offers a convenient method of controlling the synthesis of PVA by the addition of a xanthate or a dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent. Other reactions ORP 5070 MP undergoes many of the reactions anticipated for an alkene and an ester. Bromine adds to give the dibromide. Hydrogen halides add to give 1-haloethyl acetates, which cannot be generated by other methods because of the non-availability of the corresponding halo-alcohols. Acetic acid adds in the presence of palladium catalysts to give ethylidene diacetate, CH3CH(OAc)2. It undergoes transesterification with a variety of carboxylic acids.[9] The alkene also undergoes Diels-Alder and 2+2 cycloadditions. ORP 5070 MP undergoes transesterification, giving access to vinyl ethers: ROH + CH2=CHOAc → ROCH=CH2 + HOAc Toxicity evaluation Tests suggest that ORP 5070 MP is of low toxicity. For rats (oral) LD50 is 2920 mg/kg.[3] On January 31, 2009, the Government of Canada's final assessment concluded that exposure to ORP 5070 MP is not harmful to human health.[12] This decision under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) was based on new information received during the public comment period, as well as more recent information from the risk assessment conducted by the European Union. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. ORP 5070 MP appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 18°F. Density 7.8 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. May polymerize if heated or contaminated. If polymerization occurs inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Used to make adhesives, paints, and plastics. At 20 °C, a saturated solution of ORP 5070 MP in water contains 2.0-2.4 wt % ORP 5070 MP , whereas a saturated solution of water in ORP 5070 MP contains 0.9-1.0 wt % water; at 50 °C, the solubility of ORP 5070 MP in water is 0.1 wt % more than at 20 °C, but the solubility of water in ORP 5070 MP doubles to about 2 wt % The/ fate of inhaled ORP 5070 MP in rabbits /was studied/. ... ORP 5070 MP tended to remain in the body after it was inhaled; 70% of the ORP 5070 MP administered was retained, and an equilibrium was established in the first few min after exposure began. ... No ORP 5070 MP /was found/ in the blood, either during or after its inhalation, which suggested ... that ORP 5070 MP is rapidly metabolized when it enters the body through the lungs. Two male Wistar Rats exposed to ORP 5070 MP (stabilized with 0.01% hydroquinone) concentrations varying between 200 and 2000 ppm in closed chambers with an exposure time of 1.4 hr or less demonstrated dose dependent elimination kinetics. The authors concluded that the metabolic pathways became saturated when ORP 5070 MP exposure levels exceeded 650 ppm (2320 mg/cu m). ORP 5070 MP deposition was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anaesthetized adult male CrlCD:BR rats at exposure concentrations ranging from 73 to 2190 ppm during 1 hr inhalation under unidirectional flow conditions (flow rate 100 mL/min) ... Preliminary experiments showed that approximately 8 min of exposure was required for ORP 5070 MP to achieve a steady state in nasal tissues. After 8 min of equilibration, impinger samples were collected, approximately every 4 min, for up to 40 min and analyzed for ORP 5070 MP and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography ... Acetaldehyde was found in expired air at all ORP 5070 MP exposure concentrations. With increasing the ORP 5070 MP exposure, concentration of acetaldehyde in expired air increased. At ORP 5070 MP exposure of approximately 1000 ppm the concentration of acetaldehyde in the expired air was 277 ppm (499 mg/cu m). Rats were administered oral doses of 14C-ORP 5070 MP (labeled at the vinyl moiety, 1 mL of a 10000 ppm (v/v) aqueous solution, overall dose level 297 mg/kg bw) by gastric intubation. The dosing regimen was 6 times 1 hour apart. During the dosing regime and subsequent 96 hr collection period, a mean of 64.4% of the administered radioactivity was excreted (1.4% in feces, 1.8% in urine and 61.2% in exhaled air). In addition a mean of 5.4% was found in the carcass at 96 hr. The major portion of the urinary radioactivity was excreted within the first 24 hr. Most of the radioactivity eliminated by the expired air was recovered during the 6 hr dosing regime and the first 6 hr after dosing. This portion of radioactivity was recovered from the traps designed for collecting carbon dioxide. The authors of the study suppose, that the unaccounted 30.1% of the dose were most likely lost in the expired air, which escaped from the metabolism cages when the animals were removed for dosing. There was a wide tissue distribution of radioactivity following administration of 14C-ORP 5070 MP by the oral route. One hour after the sixth dose the highest mean concentrations of radioactivity were found in the harderian gland and the submaxillary salivary gland. High levels were also found in the liver, kidney, stomach, ileum, colon and gastrointestinal tract contents. Low concentrations of radioactivity were found in fat. Attempts have been undertaken to determine ORP 5070 MP metabolites in urine and feces. No radiolabeled carbonates or bicarbonates were found in urine or feces. Thin layer chromatography of urine indicated that there was one major radioactive fraction and several minor fractions. Exhaled radioactivity was entirely present as 14C carbon dioxide. Therefore it can be concluded, that 63 % of orally applied 14C ORP 5070 MP is excreted as metabolites. On/ hydrolysis /in the blood/, ORP 5070 MP yields acetic acid, a normal body constituent, and vinyl alcohol, which should rapidly tautomerize to yield acetaldehyde, another normal body constituent. The hydrolysis of ORP 5070 MP was studied in vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified esterases (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl esterase). Characterization of the kinetic parameters revealed that rat liver microsomes and purified carboxyl esterase (from porcine liver) displayed the highest activity. In order to establish the rate of metab of ORP 5070 MP in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake kinetics were studied. The decay of ORP 5070 MP was dose-dependent, indicating possible satn of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower concn) of ORP 5070 MP from the system (30,000 mL/hr/kg) was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. The exposure of rats to ORP 5070 MP resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amts of acetaldehyde into the closed exposure system. Gas chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10 seconds to 20 min with ORP 5070 MP (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of ORP 5070 MP and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20 min observation period, no degradation of ORP 5070 MP or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was enzymatic. ORP 5070 MP hydrolysis has been studied in vitro in the oral mucosal tissues from the oral cavity of rats and mice. The hydrolysis activity of the oral tissues is at least 100-fold lower than that of the nasal tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed which describes the deposition of ORP 5070 MP in the nasal cavity of the rat. This model predicts steady state concentrations of the metabolite acetic acid after continuing 6 hr-exposure in respiratory tissue which are approximately 13 times greater and in olfactory tissue which are approximately 2 times greater than those of acetaldehyde, the second metabolite. As the concentration of acids is indicative for the concentration of protons the model predicts the greatest reduction in intracellular pHi for respiratory mucosa. Hence, pH effects should be more pronounced in this tissue as compared to other tissues. This physiologically based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic model for rat was modified for the olfactory epithelium of the both human and rat nasal cavity. The change in intracellular pH is predicted to be slightly greater for human olfactory epithelium, than that of rats. To provide validation data for this model, controlled human exposures at exposure levels of 1, 5 and 10 ppm to inhaled ORP 5070 MP were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers at bi-directional breathing through the nose. Data from ion trap mass spectrometry measurements of labeled ORP 5070 MP and acetaldehyde were compared with data from the human nasal model simulation. For the ORP 5070 MP data a good fit was demonstrated (r = 0.9). The metabolism of ORP 5070 MP has been studied in animals ... ORP 5070 MP is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the blood to acetate and the unstable intermediate, vinyl alcohol. Vinyl alcohol is rapidly converted to acetaldehyde, which in turn is metabolized to acetate in the liver. This in turn is incorporated into the "2 carbon pool" of normal body metabolism and eventually forms CO2 as the major breakdown product. Therefore, the metabolism of ORP 5070 MP results in two acetate molecules that enter the 2 carbon pool. This has been confirmed in excretion studies that have documented 14CO2 in exhaled air as the major metabolite and source of radioactivity recovered following either inhalation or oral exposure to 14C-VA. A very small amount also appears to be excreted in the urine as urea and several other unidentified metabolites. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of administration. Similar results were found in rats exposed to concentrations of ORP 5070 MP (200-2,000 ppm) in the air for 1.4 hours or less. The results show that ORP 5070 MP is rapidly metabolized by blood esterases and that hepatic monooxygenases have a minor role, if any, in the metabolism of ORP 5070 MP. In vitro metabolic studies show that ORP 5070 MP added to preparations of rat liver supernatant did conjugate (although not to a large degree) with glutathione. The reaction is mediated by glutathione S-transferase and further metabolism produces mercapturic acid derivatives that are eliminated in the urine. Rats exposed for 5 hours a day for 6 months to ORP 5070 MP in the air (10, 100, or 500 mg/cu m) showed a significant depletion of free non-protein thiols in the liver but not in a dose-dependent pattern. According to the authors, the thiol depletion indicates that conjugation with glutathione plays an important role in the detoxification of this chemical. Similar results were seen in rats, guinea pigs, and mice given single intraperitoneal doses of ORP 5070 MP . The highest decrease (50%) in SH content was seen in guinea pigs following a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ORP 5070 MP . Glutathione conjugation may decrease the toxicity of potentially harmful electrophiles by facilitating excretion into the bile. These studies show that ORP 5070 MP quickly undergoes hydrolysis in the body through several intermediate steps to form the principal end products, carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of ORP 5070 MP exposure, but did show nonlinear kinetic patterns at high concentrations, indicating that the metabolic processes are saturable. In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that ORP 5070 MP may bind to various degrees with glutathione in different species, which may help to detoxify ORP 5070 MP or its metabolites and enhance their elimination. ORP 5070 MP is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to acetic acid and acetaldehyde which is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetate enters the citric cycle in an activated form as acetyl coenzyme A. ORP 5070 MP metabolism not only takes place in the liver but also in several tissues. The half-life of /200 uM/ ORP 5070 MP elimination in human whole blood was 4.1 minutes as compared to /less than/ 1 minute in rat whole blood. Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ORP 5070 MP through esterase-mediated metabolism. It is discussed that ORP 5070 MP exhibits its genotoxicity via acetaldehyde. For example /researchers/ demonstrated that ORP 5070 MP induces /DNA protein crosslinking/ via acetaldehyde, and ... chromosomal damage induced by ORP 5070 MP in mammalian cell cultures is through formation of acetaldehyde ... Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the metabolic pathways of animals and humans (metabolism of ethanol and sugars). It occurs in small quantities in human blood. Therefore, it may well be that acetaldehyde expresses its genotoxic potential in case of metabolic overload. ORP 5070 MP is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 5070 MP and polyvinyl alcohol. Its chief use is as a monomer for making poly(ORP 5070 MP ) and ORP 5070 MP copolymers, which are used as components in coatings, paints, and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, construction products, and carpet-backing) and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings. ORP 5070 MP is also copolymerized as the minor constituent with vinyl chloride and with ethylene to form commercial polymers and with acrylonitrile to form acrylic fibers. ORP 5070 MP has been used primarily to produce polyORP 5070 MP emulsions and polyvinyl alcohol. The principle use of these emulsions has been in adhesives, paints, textiles, and paper products. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 5070 MP : PolyORP 5070 MP accounts for about 48% of ORP 5070 MP monomer (VAM) use, with applications including water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 35% of demand. The remainder goes into ethylene ORP 5070 MP (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 5070 MP : ORP 5070 MP monomer's (VAM) main use is polyORP 5070 MP which accounts for about 47% of consumption and has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), which is used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 29% of VAM demand. Remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 5070 MP (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). EVA and EVOH are finding new uses as copolymers in speciality adhesives and packaging films. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 5070 MP : ORP 5070 MP monomer (VAM) is mainly used in polyORP 5070 MP which has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings and non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, is the second largest consumer. The remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 5070 MP (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 5070 MP . PolyORP 5070 MP emulsions and resins, 40%; (this area is divided evenly between paints and adhesives); polyvinyl alcohol, 15%; polyvinyl butyral, 8%; ethylene-ORP 5070 MP resins, 6%; polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 3%; miscellaneous, 1%; exports, 27%. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 5070 MP : PolyORP 5070 MP emulsions and resins, 57%; polyvinyl alcohol, 19%; polyvinyl butyral, 10%; ethylene-ORP 5070 MP resins, 8%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 2%; miscellaneous, including polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 4%. PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP 5070 MP Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2003: 4.3 million tonnes. PolyORP 5070 MP , 44%; polyORP 5070 MP , 40%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 12%. ORP 5070 MP , acetic anhydride, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde were formed in aq extracts of polyORP 5070 MP films only in some cases and in insignificant quantities. The difference between pH of aq extracts of polyORP 5070 MP films and pH of the control (distilled water) the extracts from unsterilized films are more alk and those from sterilized films are more acidic than the distilled water control. Bromo cmpd were present up to 6.4 mg bromide/L in polyORP 5070 MP film extracts and up to 12.3 mg bromide/L in inactivated extracts. The oxidizability of the polyORP 5070 MP films was around 324-1310 mg/L and was highly dependent on the time of contact of the films with water. Aq extracts of various films contained 80-360 mg/L polyORP 5070 MP . Sterilization by gamma-rays did not lead to substantial changes in hygienic-chem properties of the films. An increase in the irradiation dose up to 0.3 megagray decreased the oxidizability of aq extracts and the polyORP 5070 MP content in the films. The quantities of formaldehyde and methanol formed are lower than the accepted quantities of migration of these substances into food products. Thus, polyORP 5070 MP has satisfactory properties for medicinal use. ORP 5070 MP is an industrial chemical that is produced in large amounts in the United States. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell. It is very flammable and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. ORP 5070 MP is used to make other industrial chemicals. These chemicals are used mainly to make glues for the packaging and building industries. They are also used to make paints, textiles, and paper. ORP 5070 MP is also used as a coating in plastic films for food packaging and as a modifier of food starch. ORP 5070 MP is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 5070 MP and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to ORP 5070 MP has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of ORP 5070 MP in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified ORP 5070 MP for carcinogenicity. ORP 5070 MP shall be stored at temperatures less than 37.8 °C (100 °F) in well-ventilated areas and kept away from ignition sources such as heat and direct sunlight. No heating apparatus capable of exceeding 80% of the autoignition temperature of ORP 5070 MP (427 °C) shall be used in ORP 5070 MP storage areas. The storage of ORP 5070 MP in glass containers should not be in the same areas as oxidizing agents or other incompatible chemicals. Containers of ORP 5070 MP shall be kept tightly closed when not in use and shall be stored so as to minimize accidental ruptures and spills. Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ORP 5070 MP . There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ORP 5070 MP . Overall evaluation: ORP 5070 MP is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the working group took into account the following evidence: (1) ORP 5070 MP is rapidly transformed into acetaldehyde in human blood and animal tissues. (2) There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. Both ORP 5070 MP and acetaldehyde induce nasal cancer in rats after administration by inhalation. (3) ORP 5070 MP and acetaldehyde are genotoxic in human cells in vitro and on animals in vivo. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that rat liver microsome-activated ORP 5070 MP induces plasmid DNA-histone crosslinks, in vitro, through esterase-mediated metabolism. Since nasal tissues contain high levels of carboxylesterase, tumorigenesis may be related to in situ production of the hydrolysis products acetaldehyde and acetic acid. ORP 5070 MP was cytotoxic to both respiratory and olfactory tissues in vitro at 50-200 mM, but not 25 mM, after 2 hr exposure. Pretreatment of rats with the carboxylesterase inhibitor, bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), attenuated the cytotoxic effects and metabolism of ORP 5070 MP in both tissue types. Semicarbazide, an aldehyde scavenger, was unable to protect the tissues from ORP 5070 MP -induced cytotoxicity. When the metabolites were tested, acetic acid, but not acetaldehyde, was cytotoxic to both tissues. To provide validation data for the application of the PBPK model ... in humans, controlled human exposures to inhaled ORP 5070 MP were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers (two women, three men). Volunteers were instructed to inhale and exhale through the nose. Sampling was carried out during exposure to labeled 13C1, 13C2-ORP 5070 MP during resting and light exercise at three exposure levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm nominally). Both, labeled ORP 5070 MP and the major metabolite acetaldehyde from the nasopharyngeal region were sampled at a calibrated flow rate of 12 L/hr and analyzed in real time utilizing ion trap mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Measurements were taken every 0.8 sec in an exposure period of 2 to 5 min resulting in data during all phases of the breathing. The rate of sampling was rapid enough to capture much of the behavior of ORP 5070 MP in the human nasal cavity including inhalation and exhalation. However, the sampling was not frequent enough to accurately capture the peak concentration in every breath. ORP 5070 MP 's production and use as a monomer for making poly (ORP 5070 MP) and ORP 5070 MP copolymers, in the production of paints, sealants, coatings, and binders and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 90.2 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates ORP 5070 MP will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ORP 5070 MP is expected to be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. If released to soil, ORP 5070 MP is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 60. Although leaching is possible, concurrent hydrolysis will decrease its importance. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is also expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. ORP 5070 MP may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Polymerization may occur in sunlight. Biodegradation of ORP 5070 MP may be an important environmental fate process in soil under both aerobic (51 to 62% biodegradation reached in 5 day BOD test using sewage inoculum) and anaerobic conditions (nearly complete degradation in 26 hrs); reaction products of acetaldehyde and acetate are formed under both oxygen conditions. If released to water, ORP 5070 MP is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based on the estimated Koc value. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based on its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 4 days, respectively. A 98% of theoretical BOD was reported using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Degradation by hydrolysis (half-life of 7.3 days at 25 °C and pH 7) and by photochemically produced oxidants will occur. Occupational exposure to ORP 5070 MP may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ORP 5070 MP is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ORP 5070 MP through inhalation and dermal contact with products containing ORP 5070 MP ; limited exposure may occur via ingestion from its use in chewing gum and tablet coatings. (SRC) ORP 5070 MP 's production and use as a monomer for making poly(ORP 5070 MP ) and ORP 5070 MP copolymers, in the production of paints, films, sealants, lacquers, coatings, food packaging, and binders, in chewing gum and as a tablet coating(1,2) and safety glass(3) may result in its releas

ORP 5070 MP: Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars. ORP 5070 MP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / VeoVa copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 5070 MP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5070 MP improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially after heat aging and water immersion conditions ORP 5070 MP provides excellent performance. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: White powder Chemical composition:VA / VeoVa Copolymer Stabilizing System:PVOH Residual Humidity (%):Max. 1.5 Density (g/l):525 ± 75 Ash Content (%):12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance:High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water pH: 6.0 – 7.0 MFFT (°C):8 APPLICATION AREAS Adhesives: Due to its strong adhesion properties, ORP 5070 MP can be used for manufacturing of tile adhesives and EIFS adhesives fullfilling requirements of standarts. The recommended dosages: C1 tile adhesives : 0.5 – 1.0 % C2 tile adhesives : 2.0 – 5.0 % EIFS adhesives : 1.0 – 2.0 % Tile Grouts and Repair Mortars: Having excellent adhesion properties, abrassion and water resistance, ORP 5070 MP can be used in tile grouts and repair mortar formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %. EIFS Plasters: Because of providing excellent water resistance and compressive strength ORP 5070 MP can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 % PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 or 30 paper bags, each 25 kg (450 or 750 kg) also 500 kg of big bags. Packages must

ORP 5377 HP:Hydrophobic Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars. ORP 5377 HP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Vinyl Versatate copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 5377 HP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 5377 HP improves adhesion, abrasion resistance,flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially for water repellency, abrasion resistance and mechanical performance tests after water immerison, ORP 5377 HP provides excellent performance. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: White powder Chemical composition: VA/VV Copolymer Stabilizing System: PVOH Residual Humidity (%): Max. 2.0 Bulk Density (g/l):400 - 600 Ash Content (%): 12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance: High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT (°C):9 ±1 APPLICATION AREAS Tile Grouts and Repair Mortars: Having excellent adhesion properties, abrassion and water resistance, ORP 5377 HP can be used in tile grouts and repair mortar formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %. ETICS (Exterior Thermal Insulation Coating Systems) Plasters: Because of providing excellent water resistance and compressive strength ORP 5377 HP can be used also in ETICS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 % PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery.

ORP 6072 MP Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars INTRODUCTION ORP 6072 MP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / VeoVa / Acrylic terpolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 6072 MP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 6072 MP improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially after heat aging and water immersion conditions ORP 6072 MP provides excellent performance. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance : White powder Chemical composition: VA / VeoVa / Acrylic Terpolymer Stabilizing System: PVOH Residual Humidity (%):Max. 2.0 Bulk Density (g/l):400 – 600 Ash Content (%):14 ± 2 Alkali Resistance: High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT (°C): 8 ±1 APPLICATION AREAS Adhesives: Due to its strong adhesion properties, ORP 6072 MP can be used for manufacturing of tile adhesives and ETICS adhesives fullfilling requirements of standarts. The recommended dosages: C1 tile adhesives : 0.5 – 1.0 % C2 tile adhesives : 2.0 – 5.0 % ETICS adhesives : 1.0 – 2.0 % Tile Grouts and Repair Mortars: Having excellent adhesion properties, abrasion and water resistance, ORP 6072 MP can be used in tile grouts and repair mortar formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %. ETICS (Exterior Thermal Insulation Coating Systems) Plasters: Because of providing excellent water resistance and compressive strength ORP 6072 MP can be used also in ETICS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 % PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery.

ORP 7085 HM Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars ORP 7085 HM is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of VAM / Acrylic copolymer with PvOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7085 HM is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical /physical composition, ORP 7085 HM improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: White powder Chemical composition: VAM / Acrylic Copolymer Stabilizing System: PVOH Residual Humidity: ~1 % Density (g/l): 525 ± 75 Ash Content % ± 2: 11 Alkali Resistance :High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water pH : 6.0 – 7.0 MFFT (°C):7 APPLICATION AREAS Tile Adhesives: Due to its strong adhesion properties, ORP 7085 HM can be used for manufacturing of tile adhesives fullfilling C1 & C2 requirements. The recommended dosages: C1 tile adhesives: 0.5 – 1.0 % C2 tile adhesives: 1.0 – 3.0 % Repair Mortars: Having excellent adhesion properties, abrassion and water resistance, ORP 7085 HM can be used between 1.0 – 2.0 % in repair mortar formulations. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg (450 kg) or big bags (500 kg). Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at temperatures between 10 – 25 °C. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months.

ORP 7085 HM ORP 7085 HM is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of VAM / Acrylic copolymer with PvOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7085 HM is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7085 HM improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance White powder Chemical composition VAM / Acrylic Copolymer Stabilizing System PVOH Residual Humidity ~1 % Density (g/l) 525 ± 75 Ash Content % ± 2 11 Alkali Resistance High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water pH 6.0 – 7.0 MFFT (°C) 7 APPLICATION AREAS Tile Adhesives: Due to its strong adhesion properties, ORP 7085 HM can be used for manufacturing of tile adhesives fullfilling C1 & C2 requirements. The recommended dosages: C1 tile adhesives: 0.5 – 1.0 % C2 tile adhesives: 1.0 – 3.0 % Repair Mortars: Having excellent adhesion properties, abrassion and water resistance, ORP 7085 HM can be used between 1.0 – 2.0 % in repair mortar formulations. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg (450 kg) or big bags (500 kg). Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at temperatures between 10 – 25 °C. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months. ORP 7085 HM is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7085 HM is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7085 HM improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self levelling mortar formulations ORP 7085 HM provides excellent abrasion resistance, flexural & compressive stength and good leveling. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 7085 HM ORP 7085 HM can be used between 1.5 – 4.0 % in self leveling mortar formulations. This amount of usage provides high abrasion resistance, water resistance, flexural & compressive strength. Also decreases segmentation and efflorescence. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE of ORP 7085 HM Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP 7085 HM has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. ORP 7085 HM is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7085 HM improves adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature, ORP 7085 HM performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 7085 HM ORP 7085 HM can be used in mortar formulations where highly flexbily/elastic, hydrophobic and water resistant behavior is required at the same time. In high performance of ceramic tile grouts formulations (CG2) ORP 7085 HM can be used with the ratio of 2.0 - 4.0 % in weight and without requiring an additional hydrophobic agent. Moreover ORP 7085 HM is a very suitable redispersible powder polymer for cementitious water proofing mortars.It can be used with the ratio of 7.0 - 12.0 % in weight in 1K cementitious water proofing mortar formulations. Because of its molecular structure it provides high crack bridging ability. Also ORP 7085 HM performs very well in cementitious exterior plasters and topcoats with the amunt of 2.0 - 4.0 %. PRODUCT HANDLING - STORAGE - SHELFLIFE of ORP 7085 HM Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. 1.1. Product identifier Product name ORP 7085 HM Chemical name and synonym Vinyl Acetate l VeoVa l Acrylic terpolymer 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Intended use Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars The product does not contain substances classified as being hazardous to human health or the environment pursuant to the provisions Regulation (EU) 1272/2008 (CLP) (and subsequent amendments and supplements) in such quantities as to require the statement. ORP 7085 HM is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyORP 7085 HM , an important industrial polymer. 1 Production of ORP 7085 HM 2 Preparation of ORP 7085 HM 2.1 Mechanism of ORP 7085 HM 2.2 Alternative routes 3 Polymerization of ORP 7085 HM 4 Other reactions of ORP 7085 HM 5 Toxicity evaluation of ORP 7085 HM Production of ORP 7085 HM The worldwide production capacity of ORP 7085 HM was estimated at 6,969,000 tonnes/year in 2007, with most capacity concentrated in the United States (1,585,000 all in Texas), China (1,261,000), Japan (725,000) and Taiwan (650,000).[4] The average list price for 2008 was $1600/tonne. Celanese is the largest producer (ca 25% of the worldwide capacity), while other significant producers include China Petrochemical Corporation (7%), Chang Chun Group (6%), and LyondellBasell (5%).[4] It is a key ingredient in furniture glue.[5] Preparation ORP 7085 HM is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the preparation of ORP 7085 HM is more complex than the synthesis of other acetate esters. The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst.[6] {\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}} The main side reaction is the combustion of organic precursors. Mechanism Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta-hydride elimination would generate ORP 7085 HM and a palladium hydride, which would be oxidized to give hydroxide. Polymerization It can be polymerized to give polyORP 7085 HM (PVA). With other monomers it can be used to prepare various copolymers such as ethylene-ORP 7085 HM (EVA), ORP 7085 HM -acrylic acid (VA/AA), polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va Copolymer, used in hair gels).[8] Due to the instability of the radical, attempts to control the polymerization via most 'living/controlled' radical processes have proved problematic. However, RAFT (or more specifically MADIX) polymerization offers a convenient method of controlling the synthesis of PVA by the addition of a xanthate or a dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent. Other reactions ORP 7085 HM undergoes many of the reactions anticipated for an alkene and an ester. Bromine adds to give the dibromide. Hydrogen halides add to give 1-haloethyl acetates, which cannot be generated by other methods because of the non-availability of the corresponding halo-alcohols. Acetic acid adds in the presence of palladium catalysts to give ethylidene diacetate, CH3CH(OAc)2. It undergoes transesterification with a variety of carboxylic acids.[9] The alkene also undergoes Diels-Alder and 2+2 cycloadditions. ORP 7085 HM undergoes transesterification, giving access to vinyl ethers: ROH + CH2=CHOAc → ROCH=CH2 + HOAc Toxicity evaluation Tests suggest that ORP 7085 HM is of low toxicity. For rats (oral) LD50 is 2920 mg/kg.[3] On January 31, 2009, the Government of Canada's final assessment concluded that exposure to ORP 7085 HM is not harmful to human health.[12] This decision under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) was based on new information received during the public comment period, as well as more recent information from the risk assessment conducted by the European Union. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. ORP 7085 HM appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 18°F. Density 7.8 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. May polymerize if heated or contaminated. If polymerization occurs inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Used to make adhesives, paints, and plastics. At 20 °C, a saturated solution of ORP 7085 HM in water contains 2.0-2.4 wt % ORP 7085 HM , whereas a saturated solution of water in ORP 7085 HM contains 0.9-1.0 wt % water; at 50 °C, the solubility of ORP 7085 HM in water is 0.1 wt % more than at 20 °C, but the solubility of water in ORP 7085 HM doubles to about 2 wt % The/ fate of inhaled ORP 7085 HM in rabbits /was studied/. ... ORP 7085 HM tended to remain in the body after it was inhaled; 70% of the ORP 7085 HM administered was retained, and an equilibrium was established in the first few min after exposure began. ... No ORP 7085 HM /was found/ in the blood, either during or after its inhalation, which suggested ... that ORP 7085 HM is rapidly metabolized when it enters the body through the lungs. Two male Wistar Rats exposed to ORP 7085 HM (stabilized with 0.01% hydroquinone) concentrations varying between 200 and 2000 ppm in closed chambers with an exposure time of 1.4 hr or less demonstrated dose dependent elimination kinetics. The authors concluded that the metabolic pathways became saturated when ORP 7085 HM exposure levels exceeded 650 ppm (2320 mg/cu m). ORP 7085 HM deposition was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anaesthetized adult male CrlCD:BR rats at exposure concentrations ranging from 73 to 2190 ppm during 1 hr inhalation under unidirectional flow conditions (flow rate 100 mL/min) ... Preliminary experiments showed that approximately 8 min of exposure was required for ORP 7085 HM to achieve a steady state in nasal tissues. After 8 min of equilibration, impinger samples were collected, approximately every 4 min, for up to 40 min and analyzed for ORP 7085 HM and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography ... Acetaldehyde was found in expired air at all ORP 7085 HM exposure concentrations. With increasing the ORP 7085 HM exposure, concentration of acetaldehyde in expired air increased. At ORP 7085 HM exposure of approximately 1000 ppm the concentration of acetaldehyde in the expired air was 277 ppm (499 mg/cu m). Rats were administered oral doses of 14C-ORP 7085 HM (labeled at the vinyl moiety, 1 mL of a 10000 ppm (v/v) aqueous solution, overall dose level 297 mg/kg bw) by gastric intubation. The dosing regimen was 6 times 1 hour apart. During the dosing regime and subsequent 96 hr collection period, a mean of 64.4% of the administered radioactivity was excreted (1.4% in feces, 1.8% in urine and 61.2% in exhaled air). In addition a mean of 5.4% was found in the carcass at 96 hr. The major portion of the urinary radioactivity was excreted within the first 24 hr. Most of the radioactivity eliminated by the expired air was recovered during the 6 hr dosing regime and the first 6 hr after dosing. This portion of radioactivity was recovered from the traps designed for collecting carbon dioxide. The authors of the study suppose, that the unaccounted 30.1% of the dose were most likely lost in the expired air, which escaped from the metabolism cages when the animals were removed for dosing. There was a wide tissue distribution of radioactivity following administration of 14C-ORP 7085 HM by the oral route. One hour after the sixth dose the highest mean concentrations of radioactivity were found in the harderian gland and the submaxillary salivary gland. High levels were also found in the liver, kidney, stomach, ileum, colon and gastrointestinal tract contents. Low concentrations of radioactivity were found in fat. Attempts have been undertaken to determine ORP 7085 HM metabolites in urine and feces. No radiolabeled carbonates or bicarbonates were found in urine or feces. Thin layer chromatography of urine indicated that there was one major radioactive fraction and several minor fractions. Exhaled radioactivity was entirely present as 14C carbon dioxide. Therefore it can be concluded, that 63 % of orally applied 14C ORP 7085 HM is excreted as metabolites. On/ hydrolysis /in the blood/, ORP 7085 HM yields acetic acid, a normal body constituent, and vinyl alcohol, which should rapidly tautomerize to yield acetaldehyde, another normal body constituent. The hydrolysis of ORP 7085 HM was studied in vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified esterases (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl esterase). Characterization of the kinetic parameters revealed that rat liver microsomes and purified carboxyl esterase (from porcine liver) displayed the highest activity. In order to establish the rate of metab of ORP 7085 HM in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake kinetics were studied. The decay of ORP 7085 HM was dose-dependent, indicating possible satn of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower concn) of ORP 7085 HM from the system (30,000 mL/hr/kg) was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. The exposure of rats to ORP 7085 HM resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amts of acetaldehyde into the closed exposure system. Gas chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10 seconds to 20 min with ORP 7085 HM (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of ORP 7085 HM and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20 min observation period, no degradation of ORP 7085 HM or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was enzymatic. ORP 7085 HM hydrolysis has been studied in vitro in the oral mucosal tissues from the oral cavity of rats and mice. The hydrolysis activity of the oral tissues is at least 100-fold lower than that of the nasal tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed which describes the deposition of ORP 7085 HM in the nasal cavity of the rat. This model predicts steady state concentrations of the metabolite acetic acid after continuing 6 hr-exposure in respiratory tissue which are approximately 13 times greater and in olfactory tissue which are approximately 2 times greater than those of acetaldehyde, the second metabolite. As the concentration of acids is indicative for the concentration of protons the model predicts the greatest reduction in intracellular pHi for respiratory mucosa. Hence, pH effects should be more pronounced in this tissue as compared to other tissues. This physiologically based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic model for rat was modified for the olfactory epithelium of the both human and rat nasal cavity. The change in intracellular pH is predicted to be slightly greater for human olfactory epithelium, than that of rats. To provide validation data for this model, controlled human exposures at exposure levels of 1, 5 and 10 ppm to inhaled ORP 7085 HM were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers at bi-directional breathing through the nose. Data from ion trap mass spectrometry measurements of labeled ORP 7085 HM and acetaldehyde were compared with data from the human nasal model simulation. For the ORP 7085 HM data a good fit was demonstrated (r = 0.9). The metabolism of ORP 7085 HM has been studied in animals ... ORP 7085 HM is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the blood to acetate and the unstable intermediate, vinyl alcohol. Vinyl alcohol is rapidly converted to acetaldehyde, which in turn is metabolized to acetate in the liver. This in turn is incorporated into the "2 carbon pool" of normal body metabolism and eventually forms CO2 as the major breakdown product. Therefore, the metabolism of ORP 7085 HM results in two acetate molecules that enter the 2 carbon pool. This has been confirmed in excretion studies that have documented 14CO2 in exhaled air as the major metabolite and source of radioactivity recovered following either inhalation or oral exposure to 14C-VA. A very small amount also appears to be excreted in the urine as urea and several other unidentified metabolites. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of administration. Similar results were found in rats exposed to concentrations of ORP 7085 HM (200-2,000 ppm) in the air for 1.4 hours or less. The results show that ORP 7085 HM is rapidly metabolized by blood esterases and that hepatic monooxygenases have a minor role, if any, in the metabolism of ORP 7085 HM. In vitro metabolic studies show that ORP 7085 HM added to preparations of rat liver supernatant did conjugate (although not to a large degree) with glutathione. The reaction is mediated by glutathione S-transferase and further metabolism produces mercapturic acid derivatives that are eliminated in the urine. Rats exposed for 5 hours a day for 6 months to ORP 7085 HM in the air (10, 100, or 500 mg/cu m) showed a significant depletion of free non-protein thiols in the liver but not in a dose-dependent pattern. According to the authors, the thiol depletion indicates that conjugation with glutathione plays an important role in the detoxification of this chemical. Similar results were seen in rats, guinea pigs, and mice given single intraperitoneal doses of ORP 7085 HM . The highest decrease (50%) in SH content was seen in guinea pigs following a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ORP 7085 HM . Glutathione conjugation may decrease the toxicity of potentially harmful electrophiles by facilitating excretion into the bile. These studies show that ORP 7085 HM quickly undergoes hydrolysis in the body through several intermediate steps to form the principal end products, carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of ORP 7085 HM exposure, but did show nonlinear kinetic patterns at high concentrations, indicating that the metabolic processes are saturable. In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that ORP 7085 HM may bind to various degrees with glutathione in different species, which may help to detoxify ORP 7085 HM or its metabolites and enhance their elimination. ORP 7085 HM is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to acetic acid and acetaldehyde which is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetate enters the citric cycle in an activated form as acetyl coenzyme A. ORP 7085 HM metabolism not only takes place in the liver but also in several tissues. The half-life of /200 uM/ ORP 7085 HM elimination in human whole blood was 4.1 minutes as compared to /less than/ 1 minute in rat whole blood. Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ORP 7085 HM through esterase-mediated metabolism. It is discussed that ORP 7085 HM exhibits its genotoxicity via acetaldehyde. For example /researchers/ demonstrated that ORP 7085 HM induces /DNA protein crosslinking/ via acetaldehyde, and ... chromosomal damage induced by ORP 7085 HM in mammalian cell cultures is through formation of acetaldehyde ... Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the metabolic pathways of animals and humans (metabolism of ethanol and sugars). It occurs in small quantities in human blood. Therefore, it may well be that acetaldehyde expresses its genotoxic potential in case of metabolic overload. ORP 7085 HM is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 7085 HM and polyvinyl alcohol. Its chief use is as a monomer for making poly(ORP 7085 HM ) and ORP 7085 HM copolymers, which are used as components in coatings, paints, and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, construction products, and carpet-backing) and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings. ORP 7085 HM is also copolymerized as the minor constituent with vinyl chloride and with ethylene to form commercial polymers and with acrylonitrile to form acrylic fibers. ORP 7085 HM has been used primarily to produce polyORP 7085 HM emulsions and polyvinyl alcohol. The principle use of these emulsions has been in adhesives, paints, textiles, and paper products. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM : PolyORP 7085 HM accounts for about 48% of ORP 7085 HM monomer (VAM) use, with applications including water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 35% of demand. The remainder goes into ethylene ORP 7085 HM (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM : ORP 7085 HM monomer's (VAM) main use is polyORP 7085 HM which accounts for about 47% of consumption and has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), which is used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 29% of VAM demand. Remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 7085 HM (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). EVA and EVOH are finding new uses as copolymers in speciality adhesives and packaging films. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM : ORP 7085 HM monomer (VAM) is mainly used in polyORP 7085 HM which has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings and non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, is the second largest consumer. The remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 7085 HM (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM . PolyORP 7085 HM emulsions and resins, 40%; (this area is divided evenly between paints and adhesives); polyvinyl alcohol, 15%; polyvinyl butyral, 8%; ethylene-ORP 7085 HM resins, 6%; polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 3%; miscellaneous, 1%; exports, 27%. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7085 HM : PolyORP 7085 HM emulsions and resins, 57%; polyvinyl alcohol, 19%; polyvinyl butyral, 10%; ethylene-ORP 7085 HM resins, 8%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 2%; miscellaneous, including polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 4%. PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP 7085 HM Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2003: 4.3 million tonnes. PolyORP 7085 HM , 44%; polyORP 7085 HM , 40%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 12%. ORP 7085 HM , acetic anhydride, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde were formed in aq extracts of polyORP 7085 HM films only in some cases and in insignificant quantities. The difference between pH of aq extracts of polyORP 7085 HM films and pH of the control (distilled water) the extracts from unsterilized films are more alk and those from sterilized films are more acidic than the distilled water control. Bromo cmpd were present up to 6.4 mg bromide/L in polyORP 7085 HM film extracts and up to 12.3 mg bromide/L in inactivated extracts. The oxidizability of the polyORP 7085 HM films was around 324-1310 mg/L and was highly dependent on the time of contact of the films with water. Aq extracts of various films contained 80-360 mg/L polyORP 7085 HM . Sterilization by gamma-rays did not lead to substantial changes in hygienic-chem properties of the films. An increase in the irradiation dose up to 0.3 megagray decreased the oxidizability of aq extracts and the polyORP 7085 HM content in the films. The quantities of formaldehyde and methanol formed are lower than the accepted quantities of migration of these substances into food products. Thus, polyORP 7085 HM has satisfactory properties for medicinal use. ORP 7085 HM is an industrial chemical that is produced in large amounts in the United States. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell. It is very flammable and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. ORP 7085 HM is used to make other industrial chemicals. These chemicals are used mainly to make glues for the packaging and building industries. They are also used to make paints, textiles, and paper. ORP 7085 HM is also used as a coating in plastic films for food packaging and as a modifier of food starch. ORP 7085 HM is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 7085 HM and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to ORP 7085 HM has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of ORP 7085 HM in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified ORP 7085 HM for carcinogenicity. ORP 7085 HM shall be stored at temperatures less than 37.8 °C (100 °F) in well-ventilated areas and kept away from ignition sources such as heat and direct sunlight. No heating apparatus capable of exceeding 80% of the autoignition temperature of ORP 7085 HM (427 °C) shall be used in ORP 7085 HM storage areas. The storage of ORP 7085 HM in glass containers should not be in the same areas as oxidizing agents or other incompatible chemicals. Containers of ORP 7085 HM shall be kept tightly closed when not in use and shall be stored so as to minimize accidental ruptures and spills. Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ORP 7085 HM . There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ORP 7085 HM . Overall evaluation: ORP 7085 HM is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the working group took into account the following evidence: (1) ORP 7085 HM is rapidly transformed into acetaldehyde in human blood and animal tissues. (2) There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. Both ORP 7085 HM and acetaldehyde induce nasal cancer in rats after administration by inhalation. (3) ORP 7085 HM and acetaldehyde are genotoxic in human cells in vitro and on animals in vivo. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that rat liver microsome-activated ORP 7085 HM induces plasmid DNA-histone crosslinks, in vitro, through esterase-mediated metabolism. Since nasal tissues contain high levels of carboxylesterase, tumorigenesis may be related to in situ production of the hydrolysis products acetaldehyde and acetic acid. ORP 7085 HM was cytotoxic to both respiratory and olfactory tissues in vitro at 50-200 mM, but not 25 mM, after 2 hr exposure. Pretreatment of rats with the carboxylesterase inhibitor, bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), attenuated the cytotoxic effects and metabolism of ORP 7085 HM in both tissue types. Semicarbazide, an aldehyde scavenger, was unable to protect the tissues from ORP 7085 HM -induced cytotoxicity. When the metabolites were tested, acetic acid, but not acetaldehyde, was cytotoxic to both tissues. To provide validation data for the application of the PBPK model ... in humans, controlled human exposures to inhaled ORP 7085 HM were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers (two women, three men). Volunteers were instructed to inhale and exhale through the nose. Sampling was carried out during exposure to labeled 13C1, 13C2-ORP 7085 HM during resting and light exercise at three exposure levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm nominally). Both, labeled ORP 7085 HM and the major metabolite acetaldehyde from the nasopharyngeal region were sampled at a calibrated flow rate of 12 L/hr and analyzed in real time utilizing ion trap mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Measurements were taken every 0.8 sec in an exposure period of 2 to 5 min resulting in data during all phases of the breathing. The rate of sampling was rapid enough to capture much of the behavior of ORP 7085 HM in the human nasal cavity including inhalation and exhalation. However, the sampling was not frequent enough to accurately capture the peak concentration in every breath. ORP 7085 HM 's production and use as a monomer for making poly (ORP 7085 HM) and ORP 7085 HM copolymers, in the production of paints, sealants, coatings, and binders and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 90.2 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates ORP 7085 HM will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ORP 7085 HM is expected to be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. If released to soil, ORP 7085 HM is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 60. Although leaching is possible, concurrent hydrolysis will decrease its importance. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is also expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. ORP 7085 HM may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Polymerization may occur in sunlight. Biodegradation of ORP 7085 HM may be an important environmental fate process in soil under both aerobic (51 to 62% biodegradation reached in 5 day BOD test using sewage inoculum) and anaerobic conditions (nearly complete degradation in 26 hrs); reaction products of acetaldehyde and acetate are formed under both oxygen conditions. If released to water, ORP 7085 HM is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based on the estimated Koc value. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based on its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 4 days, respectively. A 98% of theoretical BOD was reported using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Degradation by hydrolysis (half-life of 7.3 days at 25 °C and pH 7) and by photochemically produced oxidants will occur. Occupational exposure to ORP 7085 HM may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ORP 7085 HM is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ORP 7085 HM through inhalation and dermal contact with products containing ORP 7085 HM ; limited exposure may occur via ingestion from its use in chewing gum and tablet coatings. (SRC) ORP 7085 HM 's production and use as a monomer for making poly(ORP 7085 HM ) and ORP 7085 HM copolymers, in the production of paints, films, sealants, lacquers, coatings, food packaging, and binders, in chewing gum and as a tablet coating(1,2) and safety glass(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). ORP 7085 HM can be released to the environment from industrial sources and biomass combustion(4). Waste gases from scrubbers (generated during the industrial manufacture of ORP 7085 HM ) may contain trace levels of ORP 7085 HM (5). TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 60(

ORP 7099 RD Introduction: ORP 7099 RD is a redispersible powder obtained by drying an emulsion of a vinyl acetate / VeoVa / acrylic terpolymer with PVA as a protective colloid. The special chemical composition of the polymer facilitates the bonding of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and ensures good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7099 RD is used for modification of mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its special chemical / physical composition, ORP 7099 RD improves the adhesion, elasticity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Properties: Appearance - White powder Chemical composition - Vinyl acetate / VeoVa / acrylic terpolymer Stabilizing system - PVA Residual moisture (%) - Max. 1.5 Density (g / l) - 400 - 600 Ash residue (%) - 12 ± 2 Alkaline resistance - High After dispersion with water - 1: 1 pH - 6.0-7.0 Minimum film formation temperature (ºС) - 0 Applications: C1 tile adhesives: Recommended dosages: 0.5-1.0% C2 tile adhesives: Recommended dosages: 2.0-5.0% Repair mortars: With excellent adhesion, resistance and water resistance, ORP 7099 RD can be used in repair mortar formulations at a dosage of 1.0 - 2.0%. Storage and expiration date: Packaging: 25 kg paper bags. 18 bags per pallet. Big bags of 500 kg. The bags should be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at temperatures between 10 - 25 ° C. It is not advisable to stack pallets one on top of the other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. The packaging should be closed after use to protect it from moisture and caking. The minimum shelf life is 12 months.

ORP 7365 HP-Hydrophobic Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars.ORP 7365 HP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates.ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7365 HP improves adhesion, abrasion resistance,flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in the systems that require water resistance, flexibility and abrasion resistance at the same time ORP 7365 HP provides excellent performance.Having excellent abrasion resistance, flexibility and water resistance ORP 7365 HP can be used in tile grouts formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %.Because of providing excellent water resistance, flexibility and compressive strength ORP 7365 HP can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 %.Water Proofing Mortars:ORP 7365 HP can be used in one component water proofing mortars, between 7.0 – 10.0% because of having excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substraHtes.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) s particular chemical / physical composition,ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) improves adhesion, abrasion resistance,flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in the systems ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) require water resistance, flexibility and abrasion resistance at the same time ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) provides excellent performance.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Application Areas: ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) having excellent abrasion resistance, flexibility and water resistance ORP 7365 HP can be used in tile grouts formulations, between 2.0 - 4.0 %.Because of providing excellent water resistance, flexibility and compressive strength ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 - 5.0 %. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Product; Handling; Storage ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Packaging: Pallet with 18 or 30 paper bags, each 25 kg (450 or 750 kg) also 500 kg of big bags.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at temperatures between 10 - 25 °C. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) has to be used within 6 months.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is a redispersible powder obtained by drying a Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer emulsion with PVA as a protective colloid. The chemical composition of the polymer ensures the coalescence of the redispersible polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to mineral substrates. ORP 7365 HP is used for modifying mixtures containing various binders. Due to its special physical / chemical composition, ORP 7365 HP improves adhesion, abrasion resistance, elasticity and water resistance of mortars.Due to ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer)s excellent water resistance, elasticity and compressive strength,ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be used for plasters in SPTC.ith excellent abrasion, flexibility and water resistance,ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be used in tile grouting compounds.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is a redispersible powder obtained by drying a Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer emulsion with PVA as a protective colloid. The chemical composition of the polymer ensures the coalescence of the redispersible polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to mineral substrates. ORP 7365 HP is used for modifying mixtures containing various binders. Due to its special physical / chemical composition, ORP 7365 HP improves adhesion, abrasion resistance, elasticity and water resistance of mortars.Due to ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer)s excellent water resistance, elasticity and compressive strength, ORP 7365 HP can be used for plasters in SPTC.Due to ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer)s excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance, ORP 7365 HP can be used in one-component waterproofing mortars.With excellent abrasion, flexibility and water resistance,ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be used in tile grouting compounds.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer)s particular chemical / physical composition,ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) improves adhesion, abrasion resistance,flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in the systems ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) require water resistance, flexibility and abrasion resistance at the same time ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) provides excellent performance.Having excellent abrasion resistance, flexibility and water resistance ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be used in tile grouts formulations, between 2.0 - 4.0 %.Because of providing excellent water resistance, flexibility and compressive strength ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 - 5.0 %.Water Proofing Mortars: ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be used in one component water proofing mortars, between 7.0 - 10.0% because of having excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance.The polymer powder based vinylatsetatnoho-acrylic copolymer ORP 7099 RD (net weight 12600 kg), ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) (net weight 450 kg) taORP THERMOBOND 74 (net weight 7,200 kg) is redysperhovanyy powder obtained by drying emulsion acrylic vinylatsetatnoho terpolimeraz polivinylovym alcohol in yakostizahysnoho colloid. The structure of ORP 7099 RD are: vinyl acetate monomer - 89% butyl acrylate monomer - 8%, the agent antizlezhuvannya - 1% filler - 1%, other functional additives - 1% final humidity - max 2% Bottom ash residue - 12 + -2%. The structure of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) include: vinyl acetate monomer - 91% butyl acrylate monomer - 5% agent antizlezhuvannya - 1% filler - 1%, other functional additives - 1% final humidity - max 2% Bottom ash residue - 14 + -2%.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is a hydrophobic polymer powder. Used in systems requiring water resistance, flexibility and abrasion resistance.K proofing Mortar Formulation Powder CEM II 4,5R -8 µm Silica Sand Tylose MH 6 YP4 ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Floset AD Filler Retention Agent Performance Modifier Plasticizer Shin-Etsu SNF Liquid Agitan 3 Acticide MV Defoamer Biocide Münzing Chemie Thor *Powder: Liquid ratio is : in weight.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2.This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, an important industrial polymer.The worldwide production capacity of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) was estimated at 6,969,000 tonnes/year in 2007, with most capacity concentrated in the United States (1,585,000 all in Texas), China (1,261,000), Japan (725,000) and Taiwan (650,000).The average list price for 2008 was $1600/tonne. Celanese is the largest producer (ca 25% of the worldwide capacity), while other significant producers include China Petrochemical Corporation (7%), Chang Chun Group (6%), and LyondellBasell (5%).ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is a key ingredient in furniture glue.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the preparation of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is more complex than the synthesis of other acetate esters.The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst.The main side reaction is the combustion of organic precursors.Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta-hydride elimination would generate vinyl acetate and a palladium hydride, which would be oxidized to give hydroxide.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) was once prepared by hydroesterification. This method involves the gas-phase addition of acetic acid to acetylene in the presence of metal catalysts. By this route, using mercury(II) catalysts, vinyl acetate was first prepared by Fritz Klatte in 1912.[3] Another route to vinyl acetate involves thermal decomposition of ethylidene diacetate.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be polymerized to give polyvinyl acetate (PVA). With other monomers it can be used to prepare various copolymers such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) (VA/AA), polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va Copolymer, used in hair gels).Due to the instability of the radical, attempts to control the polymerization via most 'living/controlled' radical processes have proved problematic. However, RAFT (or more specifically MADIX) polymerization offers a convenient method of controlling the synthesis of PVA by the addition of a xanthate or a dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) undergoes many of the reactions anticipated for an alkene and an ester. Bromine adds to give the dibromide. Hydrogen halides add to give 1-haloethyl acetates, which cannot be generated by other methods because of the non-availability of the corresponding halo-alcohols. Acetic acid adds in the presence of palladium catalysts to give ethylidene diacetate, CH3CH(OAc)2.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) undergoes transesterification with a variety of carboxylic acids.The alkene also undergoes Diels-Alder and 2+2 cycloadditions.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) undergoes transesterification, giving access to vinyl ethers.Tests suggest that ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is of low toxicity. For rats (oral) LD50 is 2920 mg/kg.On January 31, 2009, the Government of Canada's final assessment concluded that exposure toORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is not harmful to human health.This decision under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) was based on new information received during the public comment period, as well as more recent information from the risk assessment conducted by the European Union.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) in significant quantities.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) appears as a clear colorless liquid.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Flash point 18°F.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Density 7.8 lb / gal.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Slightly soluble in water.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Vapors are heavier than air.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. May polymerize if heated or contaminated. If polymerization occurs inside a container, the container may violently rupture.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) Used to make adhesives, paints, and plastics.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is an industrial chemical that is produced in large amounts in the United States.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell. It is very flammable and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Vinyl acetate is used to make other industrial chemicals. These chemicals are used mainly to make glues for the packaging and building industries. They are also used to make paints, textiles, and paper. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing various binders. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP provides adhesion of mortars thanks to its special physical / chemical composition. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP increases wear resistance, elasticity and water resistance. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) provides excellent water resistance. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP provides elasticity. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP thanks to its compressive strength, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can be used for plasters in SPTC. In addition to excellent abrasion, flexibility and water resistance, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can be used in tile joint filling compounds. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) is a redispersible powder obtained by drying a Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer emulsion with PVA as a protective colloid. The chemical composition of the polymer allows the redispersible polymer to coalesce at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP mineral substrates. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing various binders. ORP 7365 HP increases the adhesion of mortars thanks to its special physical / chemical composition, Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP abrasion resistance, Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP elasticity and Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP water resistance. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP can be used for plasters in ORP 7365 HP SPTC thanks to its excellent water resistance, elasticity and compressive strength. ORP 7365 HP can be used in one-component waterproofing mortars thanks to the excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer). With its excellent abrasion, flexibility and water resistance, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can be used in tile joint filling compounds. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) is a redispersible powder produced by drying a Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer emulsion with PVOH as a protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows the re-dispersed polymer to coalesce at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cement-based substrates. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to the special chemical / physical composition of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer), ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) increases the adhesion, abrasion resistance, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or cement.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is also used as a coating in plastic films for food packaging and as a modifier of food starch.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is an acetate ester.At 20 °C, a saturated solution of vinyl acetate in water contains 2.0-2.4 wt % ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer), whereas a saturated solution of water in ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) contains 0.9-1.0 wt % water; at 50 °C, the solubility of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) in water is 0.1 wt % more than at 20 °C, but the solubility of water in ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) doubles to about 2 wt %.The/ fate of inhaled ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) in rabbits /was studied.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) tended to remain in the body after ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) was inhaled; 70% of the ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) administered was retained, and an equilibrium was established in the first few min after exposure began.No ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) /was found/ in the blood, either during or after its inhalation, which suggested.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is rapidly metabolized when ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) enters the body through the lungs.The hydrolysis of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) was studied in vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified esterases (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl esterase).In order to establish the rate of metab of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake kinetics were studied. The decay of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) was dose-dependent, indicating possible satn of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower concn) of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) from the system (30,000 mL/hr/kg) was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. The exposure of rats to ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amts of acetaldehyde into the closed exposure system.Attempts have been undertaken to determine ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) metabolites in urine and feces. No radiolabeled carbonates or bicarbonates were found in urine or feces. Thin layer chromatography of urine indicated that there was one major radioactive fraction and several minor fractions. Exhaled radioactivity was entirely present as 14C carbon dioxide. Therefore ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) can be concluded, that 63 % of orally applied 14C vinyl acetate is excreted as metabolites.Rats were administered oral doses of 14C-ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) (labeled at the vinyl moiety, 1 mL of a 10000 ppm (v/v) aqueous solution, overall dose level 297 mg/kg bw) by gastric intubation. The dosing regimen was 6 times 1 hour apart.Two male Wistar Rats exposed to ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) (stabilized with 0.01% hydroquinone) concentrations varying between 200 and 2000 ppm in closed chambers with an exposure time of 1.4 hr or less demonstrated dose dependent elimination kinetics. The authors concluded that the metabolic pathways became saturated when vinyl acetate exposure levels exceeded 650 ppm (2320 mg/cu m).ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) deposition was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anaesthetized adult male CrlCD:BR rats at exposure concentrations ranging from 73 to 2190 ppm during 1 hr inhalation under unidirectional flow conditions (flow rate 100 mL/min) ... Preliminary experiments showed that approximately 8 min of exposure was required for ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) to achieve a steady state in nasal tissues. After 8 min of equilibration, impinger samples were collected, approximately every 4 min, for up to 40 min and analyzed for ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography ... Acetaldehyde was found in expired air at all ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) exposure concentrations. With increasing the ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) exposure, concentration of acetaldehyde in expired air increased. At vinyl acetate exposure of approximately 1000 ppm the concentration of acetaldehyde in the expired air was 277 ppm (499 mg/cu m).Gas chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10 seconds to 20 min with ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20 min observation period, no degradation of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was enzymatic.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) hydrolysis has been studied in vitro in the oral mucosal tissues from the oral cavity of rats and mice. The hydrolysis activity of the oral tissues is at least 100-fold lower than that of the nasal tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed which describes the deposition of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) in the nasal cavity of the rat.To provide validation data for this model, controlled human exposures at exposure levels of 1, 5 and 10 ppm to inhaled ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers at bi-directional breathing through the nose. Data from ion trap mass spectrometry measurements of labeled ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) and acetaldehyde were compared with data from the human nasal model simulation. For the ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) data a good fit was demonstrated (r = 0.9).Finally, solutions of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) were placed in the mouth of anesthetized rats for 10 min and then analyzed for acetaldehyde concentrations.The metabolism of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) has been studied in animals . ORP 7365 HP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substraHtes. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) improves adhesion, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) improves abrasion resistance, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) improves flexibility and ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) improves water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in the systems that require water resistance, flexibility and abrasion resistance at the same time ORP 7365 HP provides excellent performance.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the blood to acetate and the unstable intermediate, vinyl alcohol. Vinyl alcohol is rapidly converted to acetaldehyde, which in turn is metabolized to acetate in the liver. This in turn is incorporated into the "2 carbon pool" of normal body metabolism and eventually forms CO2 as the major breakdown product. Therefore, the metabolism of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) results in two acetate molecules that enter the 2 carbon pool. This has been confirmed in excretion studies that have documented 14CO2 in exhaled air as the major metabolite and source of radioactivity recovered following either inhalation or oral exposure to 14C-VA. A very small amount also appears to be excreted in the urine as urea and several other unidentified metabolites. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of administration. Similar results were found in rats exposed to concentrations of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) (200-2,000 ppm) in the air for 1.4 hours or less. The results show that ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is rapidly metabolized by blood esterases and that hepatic monooxygenases have a minor role, if any, in the metabolism of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer).In vitro metabolic studies show that ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) added to preparations of rat liver supernatant did conjugate (although not to a large degree) with glutathione. The reaction is mediated by glutathione S-transferase and further metabolism produces mercapturic acid derivatives that are eliminated in the urine. Rats exposed for 5 hours a day for 6 months to ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) in the air (10, 100, or 500 mg/cu m) showed a significant depletion of free non-protein thiols in the liver but not in a dose-dependent pattern. According to the authors, the thiol depletion indicates that conjugation with glutathione plays an important role in the detoxification of this chemical. Similar results were seen in rats, guinea pigs, and mice given single intraperitoneal doses of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer). The highest decrease (50%) in SH content was seen in guinea pigs following a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer). Glutathione conjugation may decrease the toxicity of potentially harmful electrophiles by facilitating excretion into the bile. These studies show that ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) quickly undergoes hydrolysis in the body through several intermediate steps to form the principal end products, carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) exposure, but did show nonlinear kinetic patterns at high concentrations, indicating that the metabolic processes are saturable. In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) may bind to various degrees with glutathione in different species, which may help to detoxify ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) or its metabolites and enhance their elimination.ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to acetic acid and acetaldehyde which is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetate enters the citric cycle in an activated form as acetyl coenzyme A. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) metabolism not only takes place in the liver but also in several tissues.Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) through esterase-mediated metabolism. It is discussed that ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) exhibits its genotoxicity via acetaldehyde. For example /researchers/ demonstrated that ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) induces /DNA protein crosslinking/ via acetaldehyde, and ... chromosomal damage induced by ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) in mammalian cell cultures is through formation of acetaldehyde ... Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the metabolic pathways of animals and humans (metabolism of ethanol and sugars).ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate,Acrylic Copolymer) occurs in small quantities in human blood. Therefore, it may well be that acetaldehyde expresses its genotoxic potential in case of metabolic overload. ORP 7365 HP can be used in one-component waterproofing mortars thanks to the excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer). With its excellent abrasion, flexibility and water resistance, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can be used in tile joint filling compounds. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) is a redispersible powder produced by drying a Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer emulsion with PVOH as a protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows the re-dispersed polymer to coalesce at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cement-based substrates. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to the special chemical / physical composition of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer), ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) increases the adhesion, abrasion resistance, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or cement. Lime. While ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) systems require water resistance, flexibility and abrasion resistance, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) provides excellent performance. With its excellent abrasion resistance, flexibility and water resistance, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can be used between 2.0 - 4.0% in tile mortar formulations. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can also be used in EIFS due to its excellent water resistance, flexibility and compressive strength. Waterproofing Mortars: ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can be used between 7.0 - 10.0% in single component waterproofing mortars due to its excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance. polymer powder based vinilatsetatnoho-acrylic copolymer ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) is a hydrophobic polymer powder. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing various binders. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP provides adhesion of mortars thanks to its special physical / chemical composition. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP increases wear resistance, elasticity and water resistance. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) provides excellent water resistance. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP provides elasticity. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP thanks to its compressive strength, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can be used for plasters in SPTC. In addition to excellent abrasion, flexibility and water resistance, ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) can be used in tile joint filling compounds. ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer) is a redispersible powder obtained by drying a Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer emulsion with PVA as a protective colloid. The chemical composition of the polymer allows the redispersible polymer to coalesce at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP mineral substrates. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing various binders. ORP 7365 HP increases the adhesion of mortars thanks to its special physical / chemical composition, Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP abrasion resistance, Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP elasticity and Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP water resistance. Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer - ORP 7365 HP can be used for plasters in ORP 7365 HP SPTC thanks to its excellent water resistance, elasticity and compressive strength. ORP 7365 HP can be used in one-component waterproofing mortars thanks to the excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of ORP 7365 HP (Vinyl Acetate, Acrylic Copolymer).

ORP 7365 HP ORP 7365 HP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7365 HP improves adhesion, abrasion resistance,flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in the systems that require water resistance, flexibility and abrasion resistance at the same time ORP 7365 HP provides excellent performance. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance White powder Chemical composition VA / Acrylic Copolymer Stabilizing System PVOH Residual Humidity (%) Max. 1.5 Density (g/l) 400 - 600 Ash Content (%) 14 ± 2 Alkali Resistance High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water pH 8.0 – 9.0 MFFT (°C) 0 APPLICATION AREAS Tile Grouts: Having excellent abrasion resistance, flexibility and water resistance ORP 7365 HP can be used in tile grouts formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %. EIFS Plasters: Because of providing excellent water resistance, flexibility and compressive strength ORP 7365 HP can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 % Water Proofing Mortars: ORP 7365 HP can be used in one component water proofing mortars, between 7.0 – 10.0% because of having excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 or 30 paper bags, each 25 kg (450 or 750 kg) also 500 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at temperatures between 10 – 25 °C. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 12 months. ORP 7365 HP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7365 HP improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self levelling mortar formulations ORP 7365 HP provides excellent abrasion resistance, flexural & compressive stength and good leveling. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 7365 HP ORP 7365 HP can be used between 1.5 – 4.0 % in self leveling mortar formulations. This amount of usage provides high abrasion resistance, water resistance, flexural & compressive strength. Also decreases segmentation and efflorescence. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE of ORP 7365 HP Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP 7365 HP has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7365 HP improves adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature, ORP 7365 HP performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 7365 HP ORP 7365 HP can be used in mortar formulations where highly flexbily/elastic, hydrophobic and water resistant behavior is required at the same time. In high performance of ceramic tile grouts formulations (CG2) ORP 7365 HP can be used with the ratio of 2.0 - 4.0 % in weight and without requiring an additional hydrophobic agent. Moreover ORP 7365 HP is a very suitable redispersible powder polymer for cementitious water proofing mortars.It can be used with the ratio of 7.0 - 12.0 % in weight in 1K cementitious water proofing mortar formulations. Because of its molecular structure it provides high crack bridging ability. Also ORP 7365 HP performs very well in cementitious exterior plasters and topcoats with the amunt of 2.0 - 4.0 %. PRODUCT HANDLING - STORAGE - SHELFLIFE of ORP 7365 HP Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. ORP 7365 HP appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 18°F. Density 7.8 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. May polymerize if heated or contaminated. If polymerization occurs inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Used to make adhesives, paints, and plastics. At 20 °C, a saturated solution of ORP 7365 HP in water contains 2.0-2.4 wt % ORP 7365 HP , whereas a saturated solution of water in ORP 7365 HP contains 0.9-1.0 wt % water; at 50 °C, the solubility of ORP 7365 HP in water is 0.1 wt % more than at 20 °C, but the solubility of water in ORP 7365 HP doubles to about 2 wt % The/ fate of inhaled ORP 7365 HP in rabbits /was studied/. ... ORP 7365 HP tended to remain in the body after it was inhaled; 70% of the ORP 7365 HP administered was retained, and an equilibrium was established in the first few min after exposure began. ... No ORP 7365 HP /was found/ in the blood, either during or after its inhalation, which suggested ... that ORP 7365 HP is rapidly metabolized when it enters the body through the lungs. Two male Wistar Rats exposed to ORP 7365 HP (stabilized with 0.01% hydroquinone) concentrations varying between 200 and 2000 ppm in closed chambers with an exposure time of 1.4 hr or less demonstrated dose dependent elimination kinetics. The authors concluded that the metabolic pathways became saturated when ORP 7365 HP exposure levels exceeded 650 ppm (2320 mg/cu m). ORP 7365 HP deposition was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anaesthetized adult male CrlCD:BR rats at exposure concentrations ranging from 73 to 2190 ppm during 1 hr inhalation under unidirectional flow conditions (flow rate 100 mL/min) ... Preliminary experiments showed that approximately 8 min of exposure was required for ORP 7365 HP to achieve a steady state in nasal tissues. After 8 min of equilibration, impinger samples were collected, approximately every 4 min, for up to 40 min and analyzed for ORP 7365 HP and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography ... Acetaldehyde was found in expired air at all ORP 7365 HP exposure concentrations. With increasing the ORP 7365 HP exposure, concentration of acetaldehyde in expired air increased. At ORP 7365 HP exposure of approximately 1000 ppm the concentration of acetaldehyde in the expired air was 277 ppm (499 mg/cu m). Rats were administered oral doses of 14C-ORP 7365 HP (labeled at the vinyl moiety, 1 mL of a 10000 ppm (v/v) aqueous solution, overall dose level 297 mg/kg bw) by gastric intubation. The dosing regimen was 6 times 1 hour apart. During the dosing regime and subsequent 96 hr collection period, a mean of 64.4% of the administered radioactivity was excreted (1.4% in feces, 1.8% in urine and 61.2% in exhaled air). In addition a mean of 5.4% was found in the carcass at 96 hr. The major portion of the urinary radioactivity was excreted within the first 24 hr. Most of the radioactivity eliminated by the expired air was recovered during the 6 hr dosing regime and the first 6 hr after dosing. This portion of radioactivity was recovered from the traps designed for collecting carbon dioxide. The authors of the study suppose, that the unaccounted 30.1% of the dose were most likely lost in the expired air, which escaped from the metabolism cages when the animals were removed for dosing. There was a wide tissue distribution of radioactivity following administration of 14C-ORP 7365 HP by the oral route. One hour after the sixth dose the highest mean concentrations of radioactivity were found in the harderian gland and the submaxillary salivary gland. High levels were also found in the liver, kidney, stomach, ileum, colon and gastrointestinal tract contents. Low concentrations of radioactivity were found in fat. Attempts have been undertaken to determine ORP 7365 HP metabolites in urine and feces. No radiolabeled carbonates or bicarbonates were found in urine or feces. Thin layer chromatography of urine indicated that there was one major radioactive fraction and several minor fractions. Exhaled radioactivity was entirely present as 14C carbon dioxide. Therefore it can be concluded, that 63 % of orally applied 14C ORP 7365 HP is excreted as metabolites. ORP 7365 HP is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyORP 7365 HP , an important industrial polymer. 1 Production of ORP 7365 HP 2 Preparation of ORP 7365 HP 2.1 Mechanism of ORP 7365 HP 2.2 Alternative routes 3 Polymerization of ORP 7365 HP 4 Other reactions of ORP 7365 HP 5 Toxicity evaluation of ORP 7365 HP Production of ORP 7365 HP The worldwide production capacity of ORP 7365 HP was estimated at 6,969,000 tonnes/year in 2007, with most capacity concentrated in the United States (1,585,000 all in Texas), China (1,261,000), Japan (725,000) and Taiwan (650,000).[4] The average list price for 2008 was $1600/tonne. Celanese is the largest producer (ca 25% of the worldwide capacity), while other significant producers include China Petrochemical Corporation (7%), Chang Chun Group (6%), and LyondellBasell (5%).[4] It is a key ingredient in furniture glue.[5] Preparation ORP 7365 HP is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the preparation of ORP 7365 HP is more complex than the synthesis of other acetate esters. The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst.[6] {\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}} The main side reaction is the combustion of organic precursors. Mechanism Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta-hydride elimination would generate ORP 7365 HP and a palladium hydride, which would be oxidized to give hydroxide. Polymerization It can be polymerized to give polyORP 7365 HP (PVA). With other monomers it can be used to prepare various copolymers such as ethylene-ORP 7365 HP (EVA), ORP 7365 HP -acrylic acid (VA/AA), polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va Copolymer, used in hair gels).[8] Due to the instability of the radical, attempts to control the polymerization via most 'living/controlled' radical processes have proved problematic. However, RAFT (or more specifically MADIX) polymerization offers a convenient method of controlling the synthesis of PVA by the addition of a xanthate or a dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent. Other reactions ORP 7365 HP undergoes many of the reactions anticipated for an alkene and an ester. Bromine adds to give the dibromide. Hydrogen halides add to give 1-haloethyl acetates, which cannot be generated by other methods because of the non-availability of the corresponding halo-alcohols. Acetic acid adds in the presence of palladium catalysts to give ethylidene diacetate, CH3CH(OAc)2. It undergoes transesterification with a variety of carboxylic acids.[9] The alkene also undergoes Diels-Alder and 2+2 cycloadditions. ORP 7365 HP undergoes transesterification, giving access to vinyl ethers: ROH + CH2=CHOAc → ROCH=CH2 + HOAc Toxicity evaluation Tests suggest that ORP 7365 HP is of low toxicity. For rats (oral) LD50 is 2920 mg/kg.[3] On January 31, 2009, the Government of Canada's final assessment concluded that exposure to ORP 7365 HP is not harmful to human health.[12] This decision under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) was based on new information received during the public comment period, as well as more recent information from the risk assessment conducted by the European Union. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. On/ hydrolysis /in the blood/, ORP 7365 HP yields acetic acid, a normal body constituent, and vinyl alcohol, which should rapidly tautomerize to yield acetaldehyde, another normal body constituent. The hydrolysis of ORP 7365 HP was studied in vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified esterases (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl esterase). Characterization of the kinetic parameters revealed that rat liver microsomes and purified carboxyl esterase (from porcine liver) displayed the highest activity. In order to establish the rate of metab of ORP 7365 HP in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake kinetics were studied. The decay of ORP 7365 HP was dose-dependent, indicating possible satn of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower concn) of ORP 7365 HP from the system (30,000 mL/hr/kg) was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. The exposure of rats to ORP 7365 HP resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amts of acetaldehyde into the closed exposure system. 1.1. Product identifier Product name ORP 7365 HP Chemical name and synonym Vinyl Acetate l VeoVa l Acrylic terpolymer 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Intended use Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars The product does not contain substances classified as being hazardous to human health or the environment pursuant to the provisions Regulation (EU) 1272/2008 (CLP) (and subsequent amendments and supplements) in such quantities as to require the statement. Gas chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10 seconds to 20 min with ORP 7365 HP (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of ORP 7365 HP and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20 min observation period, no degradation of ORP 7365 HP or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was enzymatic. ORP 7365 HP hydrolysis has been studied in vitro in the oral mucosal tissues from the oral cavity of rats and mice. The hydrolysis activity of the oral tissues is at least 100-fold lower than that of the nasal tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed which describes the deposition of ORP 7365 HP in the nasal cavity of the rat. This model predicts steady state concentrations of the metabolite acetic acid after continuing 6 hr-exposure in respiratory tissue which are approximately 13 times greater and in olfactory tissue which are approximately 2 times greater than those of acetaldehyde, the second metabolite. As the concentration of acids is indicative for the concentration of protons the model predicts the greatest reduction in intracellular pHi for respiratory mucosa. Hence, pH effects should be more pronounced in this tissue as compared to other tissues. This physiologically based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic model for rat was modified for the olfactory epithelium of the both human and rat nasal cavity. The change in intracellular pH is predicted to be slightly greater for human olfactory epithelium, than that of rats. To provide validation data for this model, controlled human exposures at exposure levels of 1, 5 and 10 ppm to inhaled ORP 7365 HP were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers at bi-directional breathing through the nose. Data from ion trap mass spectrometry measurements of labeled ORP 7365 HP and acetaldehyde were compared with data from the human nasal model simulation. For the ORP 7365 HP data a good fit was demonstrated (r = 0.9). The metabolism of ORP 7365 HP has been studied in animals ... ORP 7365 HP is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the blood to acetate and the unstable intermediate, vinyl alcohol. Vinyl alcohol is rapidly converted to acetaldehyde, which in turn is metabolized to acetate in the liver. This in turn is incorporated into the "2 carbon pool" of normal body metabolism and eventually forms CO2 as the major breakdown product. Therefore, the metabolism of ORP 7365 HP results in two acetate molecules that enter the 2 carbon pool. This has been confirmed in excretion studies that have documented 14CO2 in exhaled air as the major metabolite and source of radioactivity recovered following either inhalation or oral exposure to 14C-VA. A very small amount also appears to be excreted in the urine as urea and several other unidentified metabolites. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of administration. Similar results were found in rats exposed to concentrations of ORP 7365 HP (200-2,000 ppm) in the air for 1.4 hours or less. The results show that ORP 7365 HP is rapidly metabolized by blood esterases and that hepatic monooxygenases have a minor role, if any, in the metabolism of ORP 7365 HP. In vitro metabolic studies show that ORP 7365 HP added to preparations of rat liver supernatant did conjugate (although not to a large degree) with glutathione. The reaction is mediated by glutathione S-transferase and further metabolism produces mercapturic acid derivatives that are eliminated in the urine. Rats exposed for 5 hours a day for 6 months to ORP 7365 HP in the air (10, 100, or 500 mg/cu m) showed a significant depletion of free non-protein thiols in the liver but not in a dose-dependent pattern. According to the authors, the thiol depletion indicates that conjugation with glutathione plays an important role in the detoxification of this chemical. Similar results were seen in rats, guinea pigs, and mice given single intraperitoneal doses of ORP 7365 HP . The highest decrease (50%) in SH content was seen in guinea pigs following a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ORP 7365 HP . Glutathione conjugation may decrease the toxicity of potentially harmful electrophiles by facilitating excretion into the bile. These studies show that ORP 7365 HP quickly undergoes hydrolysis in the body through several intermediate steps to form the principal end products, carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of ORP 7365 HP exposure, but did show nonlinear kinetic patterns at high concentrations, indicating that the metabolic processes are saturable. In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that ORP 7365 HP may bind to various degrees with glutathione in different species, which may help to detoxify ORP 7365 HP or its metabolites and enhance their elimination. ORP 7365 HP is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to acetic acid and acetaldehyde which is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetate enters the citric cycle in an activated form as acetyl coenzyme A. ORP 7365 HP metabolism not only takes place in the liver but also in several tissues. The half-life of /200 uM/ ORP 7365 HP elimination in human whole blood was 4.1 minutes as compared to /less than/ 1 minute in rat whole blood. Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ORP 7365 HP through esterase-mediated metabolism. It is discussed that ORP 7365 HP exhibits its genotoxicity via acetaldehyde. For example /researchers/ demonstrated that ORP 7365 HP induces /DNA protein crosslinking/ via acetaldehyde, and ... chromosomal damage induced by ORP 7365 HP in mammalian cell cultures is through formation of acetaldehyde ... Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the metabolic pathways of animals and humans (metabolism of ethanol and sugars). It occurs in small quantities in human blood. Therefore, it may well be that acetaldehyde expresses its genotoxic potential in case of metabolic overload. ORP 7365 HP is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 7365 HP and polyvinyl alcohol. Its chief use is as a monomer for making poly(ORP 7365 HP ) and ORP 7365 HP copolymers, which are used as components in coatings, paints, and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, construction products, and carpet-backing) and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings. ORP 7365 HP is also copolymerized as the minor constituent with vinyl chloride and with ethylene to form commercial polymers and with acrylonitrile to form acrylic fibers. ORP 7365 HP has been used primarily to produce polyORP 7365 HP emulsions and polyvinyl alcohol. The principle use of these emulsions has been in adhesives, paints, textiles, and paper products. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 7365 HP : PolyORP 7365 HP accounts for about 48% of ORP 7365 HP monomer (VAM) use, with applications including water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 35% of demand. The remainder goes into ethylene ORP 7365 HP (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 7365 HP : ORP 7365 HP monomer's (VAM) main use is polyORP 7365 HP which accounts for about 47% of consumption and has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), which is used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 29% of VAM demand. Remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 7365 HP (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). EVA and EVOH are finding new uses as copolymers in speciality adhesives and packaging films. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7365 HP : ORP 7365 HP monomer (VAM) is mainly used in polyORP 7365 HP which has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings and non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, is the second largest consumer. The remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 7365 HP (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7365 HP . PolyORP 7365 HP emulsions and resins, 40%; (this area is divided evenly between paints and adhesives); polyvinyl alcohol, 15%; polyvinyl butyral, 8%; ethylene-ORP 7365 HP resins, 6%; polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 3%; miscellaneous, 1%; exports, 27%. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7365 HP : PolyORP 7365 HP emulsions and resins, 57%; polyvinyl alcohol, 19%; polyvinyl butyral, 10%; ethylene-ORP 7365 HP resins, 8%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 2%; miscellaneous, including polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 4%. PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP 7365 HP Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2003: 4.3 million tonnes. PolyORP 7365 HP , 44%; polyORP 7365 HP , 40%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 12%. ORP 7365 HP , acetic anhydride, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde were formed in aq extracts of polyORP 7365 HP films only in some cases and in insignificant quantities. The difference between pH of aq extracts of polyORP 7365 HP films and pH of the control (distilled water) the extracts from unsterilized films are more alk and those from sterilized films are more acidic than the distilled water control. Bromo cmpd were present up to 6.4 mg bromide/L in polyORP 7365 HP film extracts and up to 12.3 mg bromide/L in inactivated extracts. The oxidizability of the polyORP 7365 HP films was around 324-1310 mg/L and was highly dependent on the time of contact of the films with water. Aq extracts of various films contained 80-360 mg/L polyORP 7365 HP . Sterilization by gamma-rays did not lead to substantial changes in hygienic-chem properties of the films. An increase in the irradiation dose up to 0.3 megagray decreased the oxidizability of aq extracts and the polyORP 7365 HP content in the films. The quantities of formaldehyde and methanol formed are lower than the accepted quantities of migration of these substances into food products. Thus, polyORP 7365 HP has satisfactory properties for medicinal use. ORP 7365 HP is an industrial chemical that is produced in large amounts in the United States. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell. It is very flammable and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. ORP 7365 HP is used to make other industrial chemicals. These chemicals are used mainly to make glues for the packaging and building industries. They are also used to make paints, textiles, and paper. ORP 7365 HP is also used as a coating in plastic films for food packaging and as a modifier of food starch. ORP 7365 HP is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 7365 HP and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to ORP 7365 HP has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of ORP 7365 HP in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified ORP 7365 HP for carcinogenicity. ORP 7365 HP shall be stored at temperatures less than 37.8 °C (100 °F) in well-ventilated areas and kept away from ignition sources such as heat and direct sunlight. No heating apparatus capable of exceeding 80% of the autoignition temperature of ORP 7365 HP (427 °C) shall be used in ORP 7365 HP storage areas. The storage of ORP 7365 HP in glass containers should not be in the same areas as oxidizing agents or other incompatible chemicals. Containers of ORP 7365 HP shall be kept tightly closed when not in use and shall be stored so as to minimize accidental ruptures and spills. Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ORP 7365 HP . There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ORP 7365 HP . Overall evaluation: ORP 7365 HP is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the working group took into account the following evidence: (1) ORP 7365 HP is rapidly transformed into acetaldehyde in human blood and animal tissues. (2) There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. Both ORP 7365 HP and acetaldehyde induce nasal cancer in rats after administration by inhalation. (3) ORP 7365 HP and acetaldehyde are genotoxic in human cells in vitro and on animals in vivo. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that rat liver microsome-activated ORP 7365 HP induces plasmid DNA-histone crosslinks, in vitro, through esterase-mediated metabolism. Since nasal tissues contain high levels of carboxylesterase, tumorigenesis may be related to in situ production of the hydrolysis products acetaldehyde and acetic acid. ORP 7365 HP was cytotoxic to both respiratory and olfactory tissues in vitro at 50-200 mM, but not 25 mM, after 2 hr exposure. Pretreatment of rats with the carboxylesterase inhibitor, bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), attenuated the cytotoxic effects and metabolism of ORP 7365 HP in both tissue types. Semicarbazide, an aldehyde scavenger, was unable to protect the tissues from ORP 7365 HP -induced cytotoxicity. When the metabolites were tested, acetic acid, but not acetaldehyde, was cytotoxic to both tissues. To provide validation data for the application of the PBPK model ... in humans, controlled human exposures to inhaled ORP 7365 HP were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers (two women, three men). Volunteers were instructed to inhale and exhale through the nose. Sampling was carried out during exposure to labeled 13C1, 13C2-ORP 7365 HP during resting and light exercise at three exposure levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm nominally). Both, labeled ORP 7365 HP and the major metabolite acetaldehyde from the nasopharyngeal region were sampled at a calibrated flow rate of 12 L/hr and analyzed in real time utilizing ion trap mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Measurements were taken every 0.8 sec in an exposure period of 2 to 5 min resulting in data during all phases of the breathing. The rate of sampling was rapid enough to capture much of the behavior of ORP 7365 HP in the human nasal cavity including inhalation and exhalation. However, the sampling was not frequent enough to accurately capture the peak concentration in every breath. ORP 7365 HP 's production and use as a monomer for making poly (ORP 7365 HP) and ORP 7365 HP copolymers, in the production of paints, sealants, coatings, and binders and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 90.2 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates ORP 7365 HP will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ORP 7365 HP is expected to be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. If released to soil, ORP 7365 HP is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 60. Although leaching is possible, concurrent hydrolysis will decrease its importance. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is also expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. ORP 7365 HP may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Polymerization may occur in sunlight. Biodegradation of ORP 7365 HP may be an important environmental fate process in soil under both aerobic (51 to 62% biodegradation reached in 5 day BOD test using sewage inoculum) and anaerobic conditions (nearly complete degradation in 26 hrs); reaction products of acetaldehyde and acetate are formed under both oxygen conditions. If released to water, ORP 7365 HP is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based on the estimated Koc value. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based on its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 4 days, respectively. A 98% of theoretical BOD was reported using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Degradation by hydrolysis (half-life of 7.3 days at 25 °C and pH 7) and by photochemically produced oxidants will occur. Occupational exposure to ORP 7365 HP may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ORP 7365 HP is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ORP 7365 HP through inhalation and dermal contact with products containing ORP 7365 HP ; limited exposure may occur via ingestion from its use in chewing gum and tablet coatings. (SRC) ORP 7365 HP 's production and use as a monomer for making poly(ORP 7365 HP ) and ORP 7365 HP copolymers, in the production of paints, films, sealants, lacquers, coatings, food packaging, and binders, in chewing gum and as a tablet coating(1,2) and safety glass(3) may result in its release to the environment through various

ORP 7365 HP Hydrophobic Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars INTRODUCTION ORP 7365 HP is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7365 HP is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7365 HP improves adhesion, abrasion resistance,flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in the systems that require water resistance, flexibility and abrasion resistance at the same time ORP 7365 HP provides excellent performance. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: White powder Chemical composition: VA / Acrylic Copolymer Stabilizing System: PVOH Residual Humidity (%): Max. 1.5 Density (g/l): 400 - 600 Ash Content (%):14 ± 2 Alkali Resistance: High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water pH:8.0 – 9.0 MFFT (°C): 0 APPLICATION AREAS Tile Grouts: Having excellent abrasion resistance, flexibility and water resistance ORP 7365 HP can be used in tile grouts formulations, between 2.0 – 4.0 %. EIFS Plasters: Because of providing excellent water resistance, flexibility and compressive strength ORP 7365 HP can be used also in EIFS plaster formulations, between 3.0 – 5.0 % Water Proofing Mortars: ORP 7365 HP can be used in one component water proofing mortars, between 7.0 – 10.0% because of having excellent flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 or 30 paper bags, each 25 kg (450 or 750 kg) also 500 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at temperatures between 10 – 25 °C. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP 7365 HP has to be used within 12 months.

Product name ORP 7680 SL Chemical name and synonym VA / Acrylic copolymer ORP 7680 TYPICAL PROPERTIES ORP 7680 Appearance White powder ORP 7680 Chemical composition VA / Acrylic Copolymer ORP 7680 Stabilizing System PVOH ORP 7680 Residual Humidity (%) Max. 2.0 ORP 7680 Bulk Density (g/l) 400 - 600 ORP 7680 Ash Content (%) 12 ± 2 ORP 7680 Alkali Resistance High ORP 7680 After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT (°C) 5 ± 1 ORP 7680 Information on basic physical and chemical properties. ORP 7680 Appearance powder ORP 7680 Colour white ORP 7680 Odour characteristic ORP 7680 Odour threshold. Not available. ORP 7680 pH. 5,0-8,0 (1:1 aqueous soln.) ORP 7680 Melting point / freezing point. Not available. ORP 7680 Initial boiling point. Not applicable. ORP 7680 Boiling range. Not available. ORP 7680 Flash point. Not applicable. ORP 7680 Evaporation Rate Not available. ORP 7680 Flammability of solids and gases Not available. ORP 7680 Lower inflammability limit. 20 g/m3. ORP 7680 Upper inflammability limit. Not available. ORP 7680 Lower explosive limit. Not available. ORP 7680 Upper explosive limit. Not available. ORP 7680 Vapour pressure. Not available. ORP 7680 Vapour density Not available. ORP 7680 Relative density. Not available. ORP 7680 Solubility Not available. ORP 7680 Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water Not available. ORP 7680 Auto-ignition temperature. 300 °C. > ORP 7680 Decomposition temperature. Not available. ORP 7680 Viscosity Not available. ORP 7680 Explosive properties Not available. ORP 7680 Oxidising properties Not available. ORP 7680 Other information. ORP 7680 Bulk density 400 - 600 g/l ORP 7680 Min. Cloud Ignition temperature ca. 480°C ORP 7680 Dust explosion class 1 ORP 7680 Kst value 122 bar.m/sec ORP 7680 Maximum explosion pressure 6,7 bar ORP 7680 Minimum ignition energy 3 - 10 mJ with inductance ORP 7680 Glow temperature >400°C ORP 7680 SL-Redispersible Powder for Self Leveling Dry-Mix Mortars.ORP 7680 SL is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates.ORP 7680 SL is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7680 SL improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self levelling mortar formulations ORP 7680 SL provides excellent abrasion resistance, flexural & compressive stength and good leveling.ORP 7680 SL can be used between 1.5 – 4.0 % in self leveling mortar formulations. This amount of usage provides high abrasion resistance, water resistance, flexural & compressive strength. Also decreases segmentation and efflorescence.ORP 7680 SL is a redispersible powder obtained by drying a Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic Copolymer emulsion with PVA as a protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer ensures the coalescence of the redispersible polymer at low temperatures and ensures good adhesion to various substrates.ORP 7680 SL is used for modifying mixtures containing various binders. Due to its special physical / chemical composition, ORP 7680 SL improves the adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self-leveling mortar formulations, ORP 7680 SL provides excellent abrasion resistance, high flexural and compressive strength, and good leveling during application. ORP 7680 EYES: Remove contact lenses, if present. Wash immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, opening the eyelids fully. If problem persists, seek medical advice. ORP 7680 SKIN: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash immediately with plenty of water. If irritation persists, get medical advice/attention. Wash contaminated clothing before using it again. ORP 7680 INHALATION: Remove to open air. In the event of breathing difficulties, get medical advice/attention immediately. ORP 7680 INGESTION: Get medical advice/attention. Induce vomiting only if indicated by the doctor. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person, unless authorised by a doctor. ORP 7680 Extinguishing media. SUITABLE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT The extinguishing equipment should be of the conventional kind: carbon dioxide, foam, powder and water spray. UNSUITABLE EXTINGUISHING EQUIPMENT None in particular. ORP 7680 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture. HAZARDS CAUSED BY EXPOSURE IN THE EVENT OF FIRE Do not breathe combustion products. The product is combustible and, when the powder is released into the air in sufficient concentrations and in the presence of a source of ignition, it can create explosive mixtures with air. Fires may start or get worse by leakage of the solid product from the container, when it reaches high temperatures or through contact with sources of ignition. ORP 7680 Advice for firefighters. GENERAL INFORMATION Use jets of water to cool the containers to prevent product decomposition and the development of substances potentially hazardous for health. Always wear full fire prevention gear. Collect extinguishing water to prevent it from draining into the sewer system. Dispose of contaminated water used for extinction and the remains of the fire according to applicable regulations. SPECIAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT FOR FIRE-FIGHTERS Normal fire fighting clothing i.e. fire kit (BS EN 469), gloves (BS EN 659) and boots (HO specification A29 and A30) in combination with self-contained open circuit positive pressure compressed air breathing apparatus (BS EN 137). ORP 7680 Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures. Use breathing equipment if fumes or powders are released into the air. These indications apply for both processing staff and those involved in emergency procedures. Avoid dust formation. Do not breathe dust. ORP 7680 Environmental precautions. The product must not penetrate into the sewer system or come into contact with surface water or ground water. Cover any spilled material in accordance with regulations to prevent dispersal by wind. ORP 7680 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up. Confine using earth or inert material. Collect as much material as possible and eliminate the rest using jets of water. Contaminated material should be disposed of in compliance with the provisions set forth in point 13. ORP 7680 Reference to other sections. Any information on personal protection and disposal is given in sections 8 and 13. Eliminate all source of ignition. Observe notes under section 7. ORP 7680 Precautions for safe handling. Before handling the product, consult all the other sections of this material safety data sheet. Avoid leakage of the product into the environment. Do not eat, drink or smoke during use. Avoid dust formation. Increased risk of slipping if substance comes into contact with water. ORP 7680 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities. Keep the product in clearly labelled containers. Keep containers away from any incompatible materials, see section 10 for details. The bags have to be stored in a closed, cool, and dry place. The bags have to be protected from high humudity and high temperatures above 25°C (77°F). Dusting has to be avoided, since it may create explosive mixture with air. Take precautionary measures against electrostatic charging. Keep away from open flames, heat and sparks. ORP 7680 Exposure controls. Comply with the safety measures usually applied when handling chemical substances. ORP 7680 HAND PROTECTION In the case of prolonged contact with the product, protect the hands with penetration-resistant work gloves (see standard EN 374). Work glove material must be chosen according to the use process and the products that may form. Latex gloves may cause sensitivity reactions. ORP 7680 SKIN PROTECTION None required. ORP 7680 EYE PROTECTION Wear airtight protective goggles (see standard EN 166). ORP 7680 RESPIRATORY PROTECTION Use a type P filtering facemask (see standard EN 149) or equivalent device, whose class (1, 2 or 3) and effective need, must be defined according to the outcome of risk assessment. ORP 7680 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CONTROLS. The emissions generated by manufacturing processes, including those generated by ventilation equipment, should be checked to ensure compliance with environmental standards. ORP 7680 Reactivity. There are no particular risks of reaction with other substances in normal conditions of use. ORP 7680 Chemical stability.The product is stable in normal conditions of use and storage. ORP 7680 Possibility of hazardous reactions.No hazardous reactions are foreseeable in normal conditions of use and storage. ORP 7680 Conditions to avoid. None in particular. However the usual precautions used for chemical products should be respected. ORP 7680 Incompatible materials. Information not available. ORP 7680 Hazardous decomposition products. Information not available.

ORP 7680 SL ORP 7680 SL is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7680 SL is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7680 SL improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self levelling mortar formulations ORP 7680 SL provides excellent abrasion resistance, flexural & compressive stength and good leveling. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 7680 SL ORP 7680 SL can be used between 1.5 – 4.0 % in self leveling mortar formulations. This amount of usage provides high abrasion resistance, water resistance, flexural & compressive strength. Also decreases segmentation and efflorescence. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE of ORP 7680 SL Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP 7680 SL has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. ORP 7680 SL is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP 7680 SL improves adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature, ORP 7680 SL performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. TYPICAL PROPERTIES of ORP 7680 SL Appearance Chemical composition Stabilizing System Residual Humidity (%) Bulk Density (g/l) Ash Content (%) Alkali Resistance After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT (°C) White powder VA / VV / Acrylic Terpolymer PVOH Max. 2.0 350 - 550 12 ± 2 High 0 ±1 APPLICATION AREAS of ORP 7680 SL ORP 7680 SL can be used in mortar formulations where highly flexbily/elastic, hydrophobic and water resistant behavior is required at the same time. In high performance of ceramic tile grouts formulations (CG2) ORP 7680 SL can be used with the ratio of 2.0 - 4.0 % in weight and without requiring an additional hydrophobic agent. Moreover ORP 7680 SL is a very suitable redispersible powder polymer for cementitious water proofing mortars.It can be used with the ratio of 7.0 - 12.0 % in weight in 1K cementitious water proofing mortar formulations. Because of its molecular structure it provides high crack bridging ability. Also ORP 7680 SL performs very well in cementitious exterior plasters and topcoats with the amunt of 2.0 - 4.0 %. PRODUCT HANDLING - STORAGE - SHELFLIFE of ORP 7680 SL Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. 1.1. Product identifier Product name ORP 7680 SL Chemical name and synonym Vinyl Acetate l VeoVa l Acrylic terpolymer 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Intended use Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars The product does not contain substances classified as being hazardous to human health or the environment pursuant to the provisions Regulation (EU) 1272/2008 (CLP) (and subsequent amendments and supplements) in such quantities as to require the statement. ORP 7680 SL is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyORP 7680 SL , an important industrial polymer.[3] 1 Production of ORP 7680 SL 2 Preparation of ORP 7680 SL 2.1 Mechanism of ORP 7680 SL 2.2 Alternative routes 3 Polymerization of ORP 7680 SL 4 Other reactions of ORP 7680 SL 5 Toxicity evaluation of ORP 7680 SL 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Production of ORP 7680 SL The worldwide production capacity of ORP 7680 SL was estimated at 6,969,000 tonnes/year in 2007, with most capacity concentrated in the United States (1,585,000 all in Texas), China (1,261,000), Japan (725,000) and Taiwan (650,000).[4] The average list price for 2008 was $1600/tonne. Celanese is the largest producer (ca 25% of the worldwide capacity), while other significant producers include China Petrochemical Corporation (7%), Chang Chun Group (6%), and LyondellBasell (5%).[4] It is a key ingredient in furniture glue.[5] Preparation ORP 7680 SL is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the preparation of ORP 7680 SL is more complex than the synthesis of other acetate esters. The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst.[6] {\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}} The main side reaction is the combustion of organic precursors. Mechanism Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta-hydride elimination would generate ORP 7680 SL and a palladium hydride, which would be oxidized to give hydroxide. Polymerization It can be polymerized to give polyORP 7680 SL (PVA). With other monomers it can be used to prepare various copolymers such as ethylene-ORP 7680 SL (EVA), ORP 7680 SL -acrylic acid (VA/AA), polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va Copolymer, used in hair gels).[8] Due to the instability of the radical, attempts to control the polymerization via most 'living/controlled' radical processes have proved problematic. However, RAFT (or more specifically MADIX) polymerization offers a convenient method of controlling the synthesis of PVA by the addition of a xanthate or a dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent. Other reactions ORP 7680 SL undergoes many of the reactions anticipated for an alkene and an ester. Bromine adds to give the dibromide. Hydrogen halides add to give 1-haloethyl acetates, which cannot be generated by other methods because of the non-availability of the corresponding halo-alcohols. Acetic acid adds in the presence of palladium catalysts to give ethylidene diacetate, CH3CH(OAc)2. It undergoes transesterification with a variety of carboxylic acids.[9] The alkene also undergoes Diels-Alder and 2+2 cycloadditions. ORP 7680 SL undergoes transesterification, giving access to vinyl ethers:[10][11] ROH + CH2=CHOAc → ROCH=CH2 + HOAc Toxicity evaluation Tests suggest that ORP 7680 SL is of low toxicity. For rats (oral) LD50 is 2920 mg/kg.[3] On January 31, 2009, the Government of Canada's final assessment concluded that exposure to ORP 7680 SL is not harmful to human health.[12] This decision under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) was based on new information received during the public comment period, as well as more recent information from the risk assessment conducted by the European Union. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. ORP 7680 SL appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 18°F. Density 7.8 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. May polymerize if heated or contaminated. If polymerization occurs inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Used to make adhesives, paints, and plastics. At 20 °C, a saturated solution of ORP 7680 SL in water contains 2.0-2.4 wt % ORP 7680 SL , whereas a saturated solution of water in ORP 7680 SL contains 0.9-1.0 wt % water; at 50 °C, the solubility of ORP 7680 SL in water is 0.1 wt % more than at 20 °C, but the solubility of water in ORP 7680 SL doubles to about 2 wt % The/ fate of inhaled ORP 7680 SL in rabbits /was studied/. ... ORP 7680 SL tended to remain in the body after it was inhaled; 70% of the ORP 7680 SL administered was retained, and an equilibrium was established in the first few min after exposure began. ... No ORP 7680 SL /was found/ in the blood, either during or after its inhalation, which suggested ... that ORP 7680 SL is rapidly metabolized when it enters the body through the lungs. Two male Wistar Rats exposed to ORP 7680 SL (stabilized with 0.01% hydroquinone) concentrations varying between 200 and 2000 ppm in closed chambers with an exposure time of 1.4 hr or less demonstrated dose dependent elimination kinetics. The authors concluded that the metabolic pathways became saturated when ORP 7680 SL exposure levels exceeded 650 ppm (2320 mg/cu m). ORP 7680 SL deposition was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anaesthetized adult male CrlCD:BR rats at exposure concentrations ranging from 73 to 2190 ppm during 1 hr inhalation under unidirectional flow conditions (flow rate 100 mL/min) ... Preliminary experiments showed that approximately 8 min of exposure was required for ORP 7680 SL to achieve a steady state in nasal tissues. After 8 min of equilibration, impinger samples were collected, approximately every 4 min, for up to 40 min and analyzed for ORP 7680 SL and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography ... Acetaldehyde was found in expired air at all ORP 7680 SL exposure concentrations. With increasing the ORP 7680 SL exposure, concentration of acetaldehyde in expired air increased. At ORP 7680 SL exposure of approximately 1000 ppm the concentration of acetaldehyde in the expired air was 277 ppm (499 mg/cu m). Rats were administered oral doses of 14C-ORP 7680 SL (labeled at the vinyl moiety, 1 mL of a 10000 ppm (v/v) aqueous solution, overall dose level 297 mg/kg bw) by gastric intubation. The dosing regimen was 6 times 1 hour apart. During the dosing regime and subsequent 96 hr collection period, a mean of 64.4% of the administered radioactivity was excreted (1.4% in feces, 1.8% in urine and 61.2% in exhaled air). In addition a mean of 5.4% was found in the carcass at 96 hr. The major portion of the urinary radioactivity was excreted within the first 24 hr. Most of the radioactivity eliminated by the expired air was recovered during the 6 hr dosing regime and the first 6 hr after dosing. This portion of radioactivity was recovered from the traps designed for collecting carbon dioxide. The authors of the study suppose, that the unaccounted 30.1% of the dose were most likely lost in the expired air, which escaped from the metabolism cages when the animals were removed for dosing. There was a wide tissue distribution of radioactivity following administration of 14C-ORP 7680 SL by the oral route. One hour after the sixth dose the highest mean concentrations of radioactivity were found in the harderian gland and the submaxillary salivary gland. High levels were also found in the liver, kidney, stomach, ileum, colon and gastrointestinal tract contents. Low concentrations of radioactivity were found in fat. Attempts have been undertaken to determine ORP 7680 SL metabolites in urine and feces. No radiolabeled carbonates or bicarbonates were found in urine or feces. Thin layer chromatography of urine indicated that there was one major radioactive fraction and several minor fractions. Exhaled radioactivity was entirely present as 14C carbon dioxide. Therefore it can be concluded, that 63 % of orally applied 14C ORP 7680 SL is excreted as metabolites. On/ hydrolysis /in the blood/, ORP 7680 SL yields acetic acid, a normal body constituent, and vinyl alcohol, which should rapidly tautomerize to yield acetaldehyde, another normal body constituent. The hydrolysis of ORP 7680 SL was studied in vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified esterases (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl esterase). Characterization of the kinetic parameters revealed that rat liver microsomes and purified carboxyl esterase (from porcine liver) displayed the highest activity. In order to establish the rate of metab of ORP 7680 SL in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake kinetics were studied. The decay of ORP 7680 SL was dose-dependent, indicating possible satn of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower concn) of ORP 7680 SL from the system (30,000 mL/hr/kg) was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. The exposure of rats to ORP 7680 SL resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amts of acetaldehyde into the closed exposure system. Gas chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10 seconds to 20 min with ORP 7680 SL (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of ORP 7680 SL and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20 min observation period, no degradation of ORP 7680 SL or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was enzymatic. ORP 7680 SL hydrolysis has been studied in vitro in the oral mucosal tissues from the oral cavity of rats and mice. The hydrolysis activity of the oral tissues is at least 100-fold lower than that of the nasal tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed which describes the deposition of ORP 7680 SL in the nasal cavity of the rat. This model predicts steady state concentrations of the metabolite acetic acid after continuing 6 hr-exposure in respiratory tissue which are approximately 13 times greater and in olfactory tissue which are approximately 2 times greater than those of acetaldehyde, the second metabolite. As the concentration of acids is indicative for the concentration of protons the model predicts the greatest reduction in intracellular pHi for respiratory mucosa. Hence, pH effects should be more pronounced in this tissue as compared to other tissues. This physiologically based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic model for rat was modified for the olfactory epithelium of the both human and rat nasal cavity. The change in intracellular pH is predicted to be slightly greater for human olfactory epithelium, than that of rats. To provide validation data for this model, controlled human exposures at exposure levels of 1, 5 and 10 ppm to inhaled ORP 7680 SL were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers at bi-directional breathing through the nose. Data from ion trap mass spectrometry measurements of labeled ORP 7680 SL and acetaldehyde were compared with data from the human nasal model simulation. For the ORP 7680 SL data a good fit was demonstrated (r = 0.9). The metabolism of ORP 7680 SL has been studied in animals ... ORP 7680 SL is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the blood to acetate and the unstable intermediate, vinyl alcohol. Vinyl alcohol is rapidly converted to acetaldehyde, which in turn is metabolized to acetate in the liver. This in turn is incorporated into the "2 carbon pool" of normal body metabolism and eventually forms CO2 as the major breakdown product. Therefore, the metabolism of ORP 7680 SL results in two acetate molecules that enter the 2 carbon pool. This has been confirmed in excretion studies that have documented 14CO2 in exhaled air as the major metabolite and source of radioactivity recovered following either inhalation or oral exposure to 14C-VA. A very small amount also appears to be excreted in the urine as urea and several other unidentified metabolites. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of administration. Similar results were found in rats exposed to concentrations of ORP 7680 SL (200-2,000 ppm) in the air for 1.4 hours or less. The results show that ORP 7680 SL is rapidly metabolized by blood esterases and that hepatic monooxygenases have a minor role, if any, in the metabolism of ORP 7680 SL . In vitro metabolic studies show that ORP 7680 SL added to preparations of rat liver supernatant did conjugate (although not to a large degree) with glutathione. The reaction is mediated by glutathione S-transferase and further metabolism produces mercapturic acid derivatives that are eliminated in the urine. Rats exposed for 5 hours a day for 6 months to ORP 7680 SL in the air (10, 100, or 500 mg/cu m) showed a significant depletion of free non-protein thiols in the liver but not in a dose-dependent pattern. According to the authors, the thiol depletion indicates that conjugation with glutathione plays an important role in the detoxification of this chemical. Similar results were seen in rats, guinea pigs, and mice given single intraperitoneal doses of ORP 7680 SL . The highest decrease (50%) in SH content was seen in guinea pigs following a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ORP 7680 SL . Glutathione conjugation may decrease the toxicity of potentially harmful electrophiles by facilitating excretion into the bile. These studies show that ORP 7680 SL quickly undergoes hydrolysis in the body through several intermediate steps to form the principal end products, carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of ORP 7680 SL exposure, but did show nonlinear kinetic patterns at high concentrations, indicating that the metabolic processes are saturable. In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that ORP 7680 SL may bind to various degrees with glutathione in different species, which may help to detoxify ORP 7680 SL or its metabolites and enhance their elimination. ORP 7680 SL is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to acetic acid and acetaldehyde which is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetate enters the citric cycle in an activated form as acetyl coenzyme A. ORP 7680 SL metabolism not only takes place in the liver but also in several tissues. The half-life of /200 uM/ ORP 7680 SL elimination in human whole blood was 4.1 minutes as compared to /less than/ 1 minute in rat whole blood. Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ORP 7680 SL through esterase-mediated metabolism. It is discussed that ORP 7680 SL exhibits its genotoxicity via acetaldehyde. For example /researchers/ demonstrated that ORP 7680 SL induces /DNA protein crosslinking/ via acetaldehyde, and ... chromosomal damage induced by ORP 7680 SL in mammalian cell cultures is through formation of acetaldehyde ... Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the metabolic pathways of animals and humans (metabolism of ethanol and sugars). It occurs in small quantities in human blood. Therefore, it may well be that acetaldehyde expresses its genotoxic potential in case of metabolic overload. ORP 7680 SL is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 7680 SL and polyvinyl alcohol. Its chief use is as a monomer for making poly(ORP 7680 SL ) and ORP 7680 SL copolymers, which are used as components in coatings, paints, and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, construction products, and carpet-backing) and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings. ORP 7680 SL is also copolymerized as the minor constituent with vinyl chloride and with ethylene to form commercial polymers and with acrylonitrile to form acrylic fibers. ORP 7680 SL has been used primarily to produce polyORP 7680 SL emulsions and polyvinyl alcohol. The principle use of these emulsions has been in adhesives, paints, textiles, and paper products. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 7680 SL : PolyORP 7680 SL accounts for about 48% of ORP 7680 SL monomer (VAM) use, with applications including water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 35% of demand. The remainder goes into ethylene ORP 7680 SL (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP 7680 SL : ORP 7680 SL monomer's (VAM) main use is polyORP 7680 SL which accounts for about 47% of consumption and has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), which is used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 29% of VAM demand. Remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 7680 SL (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). EVA and EVOH are finding new uses as copolymers in speciality adhesives and packaging films. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7680 SL : ORP 7680 SL monomer (VAM) is mainly used in polyORP 7680 SL which has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings and non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, is the second largest consumer. The remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP 7680 SL (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7680 SL . PolyORP 7680 SL emulsions and resins, 40%; (this area is divided evenly between paints and adhesives); polyvinyl alcohol, 15%; polyvinyl butyral, 8%; ethylene-ORP 7680 SL resins, 6%; polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 3%; miscellaneous, 1%; exports, 27%. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP 7680 SL : PolyORP 7680 SL emulsions and resins, 57%; polyvinyl alcohol, 19%; polyvinyl butyral, 10%; ethylene-ORP 7680 SL resins, 8%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 2%; miscellaneous, including polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 4%. PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP 7680 SL Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2003: 4.3 million tonnes. PolyORP 7680 SL , 44%; polyORP 7680 SL , 40%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 12%. PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP 7680 SL Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2006: 4.8 million tonnes. PolyORP 7680 SL , 43%; polyORP 7680 SL , 42%; ethylene-ORP 7680 SL copolymers, 9%; Other, 6%. ORP 7680 SL , acetic anhydride, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde were formed in aq extracts of polyORP 7680 SL films only in some cases and in insignificant quantities. The difference between pH of aq extracts of polyORP 7680 SL films and pH of the control (distilled water) the extracts from unsterilized films are more alk and those from sterilized films are more acidic than the distilled water control. Bromo cmpd were present up to 6.4 mg bromide/L in polyORP 7680 SL film extracts and up to 12.3 mg bromide/L in inactivated extracts. The oxidizability of the polyORP 7680 SL films was around 324-1310 mg/L and was highly dependent on the time of contact of the films with water. Aq extracts of various films contained 80-360 mg/L polyORP 7680 SL . Sterilization by gamma-rays did not lead to substantial changes in hygienic-chem properties of the films. An increase in the irradiation dose up to 0.3 megagray decreased the oxidizability of aq extracts and the polyORP 7680 SL content in the films. The quantities of formaldehyde and methanol formed are lower than the accepted quantities of migration of these substances into food products. Thus, polyORP 7680 SL has satisfactory properties for medicinal use. ORP 7680 SL is an industrial chemical that is produced in large amounts in the United States. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell. It is very flammable and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. ORP 7680 SL is used to make other industrial chemicals. These chemicals are used mainly to make glues for the packaging and building industries. They are also used to make paints, textiles, and paper. ORP 7680 SL is also used as a coating in plastic films for food packaging and as a modifier of food starch. ORP 7680 SL is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP 7680 SL and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to ORP 7680 SL has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of ORP 7680 SL in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified ORP 7680 SL for carcinogenicity. ORP 7680 SL shall be stored at temperatures less than 37.8 °C (100 °F) in well-ventilated areas and kept away from ignition sources such as heat and direct sunlight. No heating apparatus capable of exceeding 80% of the autoignition temperature of ORP 7680 SL (427 °C) shall be used in ORP 7680 SL storage areas. The storage of ORP 7680 SL in glass containers should not be in the same areas as oxidizing agents or other incompatible chemicals. Containers of ORP 7680 SL shall be kept tightly closed when not in use and shall be stored so as to minimize accidental ruptures and spills. Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ORP 7680 SL . There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ORP 7680 SL . Overall evaluation: ORP 7680 SL is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the working group took into account the following evidence: (1) ORP 7680 SL is rapidly transformed into acetaldehyde in human blood and animal tissues. (2) There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. Both ORP 7680 SL and acetaldehyde induce nasal cancer in rats after administration by inhalation. (3) ORP 7680 SL and acetaldehyde are genotoxic in human cells in vitro and on animals in vivo. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that rat liver microsome-activated ORP 7680 SL induces plasmid DNA-histone crosslinks, in vitro, through esterase-mediated metabolism. Since nasal tissues contain high levels of carboxylesterase, tumorigenesis may be related to in situ production of the hydrolysis products acetaldehyde and acetic acid. ORP 7680 SL was cytotoxic to both respiratory and olfactory tissues in vitro at 50-200 mM, but not 25 mM, after 2 hr exposure. Pretreatment of rats with the carboxylesterase inhibitor, bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), attenuated the cytotoxic effects and metabolism of ORP 7680 SL in both tissue types. Semicarbazide, an aldehyde scavenger, was unable to protect the tissues from ORP 7680 SL -induced cytotoxicity. When the metabolites were tested, acetic acid, but not acetaldehyde, was cytotoxic to both tissues. To provide validation data for the application of the PBPK model ... in humans, controlled human exposures to inhaled ORP 7680 SL were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers (two women, three men). Volunteers were instructed to inhale and exhale through the nose. Sampling was carried out during exposure to labeled 13C1, 13C2-ORP 7680 SL during resting and light exercise at three exposure levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm nominally). Both, labeled ORP 7680 SL and the major metabolite acetaldehyde from the nasopharyngeal region were sampled at a calibrated flow rate of 12 L/hr and analyzed in real time utilizing ion trap mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Measurements were taken every 0.8 sec in an exposure period of 2 to 5 min resulting in data during all phases of the breathing. The rate of sampling was rapid enough to capture much of the behavior of ORP 7680 SL in the human nasal cavity including inhalation and exhalation. However, the sampling was not frequent enough to accurately capture the peak concentration in every breath. ORP 7680 SL 's production and use as a monomer for making poly (ORP 7680 SL) and ORP 7680 SL copolymers, in the production of paints, sealants, coatings, and binders and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 90.2 mm Hg at 20 °C indicates ORP 7680 SL will exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ORP 7680 SL is expected to be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 14 hours. If released to soil, ORP 7680 SL is expected to have high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 60. Although leaching is possible, concurrent hydrolysis will decrease its importance. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is also expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole. ORP 7680 SL may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. Polymerization may occur in sunlight. Biodegradation of ORP 7680 SL may be an important environmental fate process in soil under both aerobic (51 to 62% biodegradation reached in 5 day BOD test using sewage inoculum) and anaerobic conditions (nearly complete degradation in 26 hrs); reaction products of acetaldehyde and acetate are formed under both oxygen conditions. If released to water, ORP 7680 SL is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water based on the estimated Koc value. Volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be an important fate process based on its estimated Henry's Law constant. Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 4 days, respectively. A 98% of theoretical BOD was reported using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test, suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water. An estimated BCF of 3.2 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Degradation by hydrolysis (half-life of 7.3 days at 25 °C and pH 7) and by photochemically produced oxidants will occur. Occupational exposure to ORP 7680 SL may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ORP 7680 SL is produced or used. The general population may be exposed to ORP 7680 SL through inhalation and dermal contact with products containing ORP 7680 SL ; limited exposure may occur via ingestion from its use in chewing gum and tablet coatings. (SRC) ORP 7680 SL 's production and use as a monomer for making poly(ORP 7680 SL ) and ORP 7680 SL copolymers, in the production of paints, films, sealants, lacquers, coatings, food packaging, and binders, in chewing gum and as a tablet coating(1,2) and safety glass(3) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). ORP 7680 SL can be released to the environment from industrial sources and biomass combustion(4). Waste gases from scrubbers (generated during the industrial manufacture of ORP 7680 SL ) may contain trace levels of ORP 7680 SL (5). TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 60(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.73(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ORP 7680 SL is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ORP 7680 SL from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.1X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 90.2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 20,000 mg/L(5). However, a hydrolysis half-life of 7.3 days (25 °C and pH 7)(6) indicates that hydrolysis may occur in moist soils and is expected to attenuate leaching in the soil column(SRC). ORP 7680 SL is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). ORP 7680 SL readily polymerizes; therefore, if ORP 7680 SL is released to the environment, polymerization may occur(SRC). Complete biodegradation of ORP 7680 SL occurred using a soil inoculum within 26 hours under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions; acetaldehyde and acetate were formed as reaction products under both oxygen conditions(7). This suggests that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). The aqueous hydrolysis half-life of ORP 7680 SL at 25 °C and pH 7 has been reported to be 7.3 days(1); the hydrolysis r

ORP 7680 SL: Redispersible Powder for Self Leveling Dry-Mix Mortars. ORP 7680 SL is a redispersible powder polymer produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer ORP 7680 SL allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP 7680 SL is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical and physical composition, ORP 7680 SL improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self levelling mortar formulations ORP 7680 SL provides excellent abrasion resistance, flexural & compressive stength and good leveling. ORP 7680 SL IS A REDISPERSIBLE POWDER POLYMER FOR SELF LEVELLING DRY-MIX MORTARS TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: White powder Chemical composition: VA / Acrylic Copolymer Stabilizing System: PVOH Residual Humidity (%): Max. 2.0 Bulk Density (g/l): 400 - 600 Ash Content (%): 12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance: High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT (°C):5 ± 1 APPLICATION AREAS ORP 7680 SL can be used between 1.5 – 4.0 % in self leveling mortar formulations. This amount of usage provides high abrasion resistance, water resistance, flexural & compressive strength. Also decreases segmentation and efflorescence. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELF LIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP 7680 SL has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. Construction Solutions In the ever changing and demanding construction market, innovative solutions, product quality and fast delivery to the market have been integral to respond to the market needs. Ataman Kimya, supplying polymer emulsions to various markets since 1980 s, established a dedicated “Construction Solutions” business unit to better answer the needs of this industry. With its dedicated Research & Development, Sales, Marketing and Technical Solutions Teams, Ataman Kimya’s Construction Solutions Business Unit understands and delivers customer expectations. The dedicated Research & Development and Commercial Teams have also been crowned with the inauguration of redispersible powder polymer plant. Today, ATAMAN CHEMICALS supplies the market with polymer emulsions, redispersible powder polymers and specialty additives. Polymer Emulsions Offering a wide array of styrene, vinyl acetate and acrylic chemical compositions, ATAMAN CHEMICALS offers innovative solutions with various polymerization technologies for the cementitious and dispersion based construction chemicals markets. Redispersible Powder Polymers ATAMAN CHEMICALS provides solutions in carbon rich monomer combinations of vinyl versatate and acrylics that highlight properties such as water resistance, saponification resistance and flexibility. Specialty Additives Acrylic associative and non-associative rheology modifiers specifically are designed for fullfilling different application rheology requirements of different markets. Dispersion agents, both ammonia or sodium based salts, are able to work with different dispersing systems and chemistries. Rheology modifiers and dispersion agents are used in both dispersion based and liquid components of 2K Cementitious Systems. Technical Solution Partnership Approach of ATAMAN has dedicated synthesis and application laboratories within Research & Development Center With state of the art equipment, ATAMAN is able to perform all application and analysis tests in accordance with the regional and international standards Customer intimacy and solving customer needs is of utmost importance to ATAMAN; therefore, joint projects and testing for customers at the laboratories are executed with much diligence

ORP Hydroflex 64 is Hydrophobically Modified Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars. ORP Hydroflex 64 is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Vinyl Versatate / Acrylic terpolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion on mineral substrates. ORP Hydroflex 64 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP Hydroflex 64 improves adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature, ORP Hydroflex 64 performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: White powder Chemical composition: VA / VV / Acrylic Terpolymer Stabilizing System: PVOH Residual Humidity (%): Max. 2.0 Bulk Density (g/l):350 - 550 Ash Content (%):12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance: High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT (°C): 0 ±1 APPLICATION AREAS ORP Hydroflex 64 can be used in mortar formulations where highly flexbily/elastic, hydrophobic and water resistant behavior is required at the same time. In high performance of ceramic tile grouts formulations (CG2) ORP Hydroflex 64 can be used with the ratio of 2.0 – 4.0 % in weight and without requiring an additional hydrophobic agent. Moreover ORP Hydroflex 64 is a very suitable redispersible powder polymer for cementitious water proofing mortars. It can be used with the ratio of 7.0 – 12.0 % in weight in 1K cementitious water proofing mortar formulations. Because of its molecular structure it provides high crack bridging ability. Also ORP Hydroflex 64 performs very well in cementitious exterior plasters and topcoats with the amunt of 2.0 – 4.0 %. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. Today, ATAMAN CHEMICALS supplies the market with polymer emulsions, redispersible powder polymers and specialty additives. Polymer Emulsions Offering a wide array of styrene, vinyl acetate and acrylic chemical compositions, ATAMAN CHEMICALS offers innovative solutions with various polymerization technologies for the cementitious and dispersion based construction chemicals markets. Redispersible Powder Polymers ATAMAN CHEMICALS provides solutions in carbon rich monomer combinations of vinyl versatate and acrylics that highlight properties such as water resistance, saponification resistance and flexibility. Specialty Additives Acrylic associative and non-associative rheology modifiers specifically are designed for fullfilling different application rheology requirements of different markets. Dispersion agents, both ammonia or sodium based salts, are able to work with different dispersing systems and chemistries. Rheology modifiers and dispersion agents are used in both dispersion based and liquid components of 2K Cementitious Systems. Technical Solution Partnership Approach of ATAMAN has dedicated synthesis and application laboratories within Research & Development Center With state of the art equipment, ATAMAN is able to perform all application and analysis tests in accordance with the regional and international standards Customer intimacy and solving customer needs is of utmost importance to ATAMAN; therefore, joint projects and testing for customers at the laboratories are executed with much diligence

ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) ORP Hydroflex 64 is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Vinyl Versatate / Acrylic terpolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion on mineral substrates. ORP Hydroflex 64 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP Hydroflex 64 improves adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature, ORP Hydroflex 64 performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. TYPICAL PROPERTIES of ORP Hydroflex 64 Appearance Chemical composition Stabilizing System Residual Humidity (%) Bulk Density (g/l) Ash Content (%) Alkali Resistance After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT (°C) White powder VA / VV / Acrylic Terpolymer PVOH Max. 2.0 350 - 550 12 ± 2 High 0 ±1 APPLICATION AREAS of ORP Hydroflex 64 ORP Hydroflex 64 can be used in mortar formulations where highly flexbily/elastic, hydrophobic and water resistant behavior is required at the same time. In high performance of ceramic tile grouts formulations (CG2) ORP Hydroflex 64 can be used with the ratio of 2.0 - 4.0 % in weight and without requiring an additional hydrophobic agent. Moreover ORP Hydroflex 64 is a very suitable redispersible powder polymer for cementitious water proofing mortars.It can be used with the ratio of 7.0 - 12.0 % in weight in 1K cementitious water proofing mortar formulations. Because of its molecular structure it provides high crack bridging ability. Also ORP Hydroflex 64 performs very well in cementitious exterior plasters and topcoats with the amunt of 2.0 - 4.0 %. PRODUCT HANDLING - STORAGE - SHELFLIFE of ORP Hydroflex 64 Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. 1.1. Product identifier Product name ORP HYDROFLEX 64 Chemical name and synonym Vinyl Acetate l VeoVa l Acrylic terpolymer 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Intended use Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars . Mixtures The product does not contain substances classified as being hazardous to human health or the environment pursuant to the provisions Regulation (EU) 1272/2008 (CLP) (and subsequent amendments and supplements) in such quantities as to require the statement. . Information on basic physical and chemical properties Appearance powder Colour white Odour characteristic Odour threshold Not available pH 5,0-8,0 (1:1 aqueous soln.) ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO2CH=CH2. This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM), an important industrial polymer.[3] Contents 1 Production of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) 2 Preparation of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) 2.1 Mechanism of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) 2.2 Alternative routes 3 Polymerization of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) 4 Other reactions of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) 5 Toxicity evaluation of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) 6 See also 7 References 8 External links Production of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) The worldwide production capacity of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) was estimated at 6,969,000 tonnes/year in 2007, with most capacity concentrated in the United States (1,585,000 all in Texas), China (1,261,000), Japan (725,000) and Taiwan (650,000).[4] The average list price for 2008 was $1600/tonne. Celanese is the largest producer (ca 25% of the worldwide capacity), while other significant producers include China Petrochemical Corporation (7%), Chang Chun Group (6%), and LyondellBasell (5%).[4] It is a key ingredient in furniture glue.[5] Preparation ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the preparation of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is more complex than the synthesis of other acetate esters. The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst.[6] {\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}} The main side reaction is the combustion of organic precursors. Mechanism Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta-hydride elimination would generate ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) and a palladium hydride, which would be oxidized to give hydroxide.[7] Alternative routes ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) was once prepared by hydroesterification. This method involves the gas-phase addition of acetic acid to acetylene in the presence of metal catalysts. By this route, using mercury(II) catalysts, ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) was first prepared by Fritz Klatte in 1912.[3] Another route to ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) involves thermal decomposition of ethylidene diacetate: {\displaystyle {\ce {(CH3CO2)2CHCH3 -> CH3CO2CHCH2 + CH3CO2H}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {(CH3CO2)2CHCH3 -> CH3CO2CHCH2 + CH3CO2H}}} Polymerization It can be polymerized to give polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (PVA). With other monomers it can be used to prepare various copolymers such as ethylene-ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (EVA), ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM)-acrylic acid (VA/AA), polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va Copolymer, used in hair gels).[8] Due to the instability of the radical, attempts to control the polymerization via most 'living/controlled' radical processes have proved problematic. However, RAFT (or more specifically MADIX) polymerization offers a convenient method of controlling the synthesis of PVA by the addition of a xanthate or a dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent. Other reactions ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) undergoes many of the reactions anticipated for an alkene and an ester. Bromine adds to give the dibromide. Hydrogen halides add to give 1-haloethyl acetates, which cannot be generated by other methods because of the non-availability of the corresponding halo-alcohols. Acetic acid adds in the presence of palladium catalysts to give ethylidene diacetate, CH3CH(OAc)2. It undergoes transesterification with a variety of carboxylic acids.[9] The alkene also undergoes Diels-Alder and 2+2 cycloadditions. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) undergoes transesterification, giving access to vinyl ethers:[10][11] ROH + CH2=CHOAc → ROCH=CH2 + HOAc Toxicity evaluation Tests suggest that ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is of low toxicity. For rats (oral) LD50 is 2920 mg/kg.[3] On January 31, 2009, the Government of Canada's final assessment concluded that exposure to ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is not harmful to human health.[12] This decision under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) was based on new information received during the public comment period, as well as more recent information from the risk assessment conducted by the European Union. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 18°F. Density 7.8 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. May polymerize if heated or contaminated. If polymerization occurs inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Used to make adhesives, paints, and plastics. At 20 °C, a saturated solution of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in water contains 2.0-2.4 wt % ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM), whereas a saturated solution of water in ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) contains 0.9-1.0 wt % water; at 50 °C, the solubility of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in water is 0.1 wt % more than at 20 °C, but the solubility of water in ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) doubles to about 2 wt % The/ fate of inhaled ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in rabbits /was studied/. ... ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) tended to remain in the body after it was inhaled; 70% of the ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) administered was retained, and an equilibrium was established in the first few min after exposure began. ... No ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) /was found/ in the blood, either during or after its inhalation, which suggested ... that ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is rapidly metabolized when it enters the body through the lungs. Two male Wistar Rats exposed to ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (stabilized with 0.01% hydroquinone) concentrations varying between 200 and 2000 ppm in closed chambers with an exposure time of 1.4 hr or less demonstrated dose dependent elimination kinetics. The authors concluded that the metabolic pathways became saturated when ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) exposure levels exceeded 650 ppm (2320 mg/cu m). ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) deposition was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anaesthetized adult male CrlCD:BR rats at exposure concentrations ranging from 73 to 2190 ppm during 1 hr inhalation under unidirectional flow conditions (flow rate 100 mL/min) ... Preliminary experiments showed that approximately 8 min of exposure was required for ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) to achieve a steady state in nasal tissues. After 8 min of equilibration, impinger samples were collected, approximately every 4 min, for up to 40 min and analyzed for ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography ... Acetaldehyde was found in expired air at all ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) exposure concentrations. With increasing the ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) exposure, concentration of acetaldehyde in expired air increased. At ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) exposure of approximately 1000 ppm the concentration of acetaldehyde in the expired air was 277 ppm (499 mg/cu m). Rats were administered oral doses of 14C-ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (labeled at the vinyl moiety, 1 mL of a 10000 ppm (v/v) aqueous solution, overall dose level 297 mg/kg bw) by gastric intubation. The dosing regimen was 6 times 1 hour apart. During the dosing regime and subsequent 96 hr collection period, a mean of 64.4% of the administered radioactivity was excreted (1.4% in feces, 1.8% in urine and 61.2% in exhaled air). In addition a mean of 5.4% was found in the carcass at 96 hr. The major portion of the urinary radioactivity was excreted within the first 24 hr. Most of the radioactivity eliminated by the expired air was recovered during the 6 hr dosing regime and the first 6 hr after dosing. This portion of radioactivity was recovered from the traps designed for collecting carbon dioxide. The authors of the study suppose, that the unaccounted 30.1% of the dose were most likely lost in the expired air, which escaped from the metabolism cages when the animals were removed for dosing. There was a wide tissue distribution of radioactivity following administration of 14C-ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) by the oral route. One hour after the sixth dose the highest mean concentrations of radioactivity were found in the harderian gland and the submaxillary salivary gland. High levels were also found in the liver, kidney, stomach, ileum, colon and gastrointestinal tract contents. Low concentrations of radioactivity were found in fat. Attempts have been undertaken to determine ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) metabolites in urine and feces. No radiolabeled carbonates or bicarbonates were found in urine or feces. Thin layer chromatography of urine indicated that there was one major radioactive fraction and several minor fractions. Exhaled radioactivity was entirely present as 14C carbon dioxide. Therefore it can be concluded, that 63 % of orally applied 14C ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is excreted as metabolites. On/ hydrolysis /in the blood/, ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) yields acetic acid, a normal body constituent, and vinyl alcohol, which should rapidly tautomerize to yield acetaldehyde, another normal body constituent. The hydrolysis of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) was studied in vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified esterases (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl esterase). Characterization of the kinetic parameters revealed that rat liver microsomes and purified carboxyl esterase (from porcine liver) displayed the highest activity. In order to establish the rate of metab of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake kinetics were studied. The decay of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) was dose-dependent, indicating possible satn of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower concn) of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) from the system (30,000 mL/hr/kg) was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. The exposure of rats to ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amts of acetaldehyde into the closed exposure system. Gas chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10 seconds to 20 min with ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20 min observation period, no degradation of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was enzymatic. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) hydrolysis has been studied in vitro in the oral mucosal tissues from the oral cavity of rats and mice. The hydrolysis activity of the oral tissues is at least 100-fold lower than that of the nasal tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed which describes the deposition of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in the nasal cavity of the rat. This model predicts steady state concentrations of the metabolite acetic acid after continuing 6 hr-exposure in respiratory tissue which are approximately 13 times greater and in olfactory tissue which are approximately 2 times greater than those of acetaldehyde, the second metabolite. As the concentration of acids is indicative for the concentration of protons the model predicts the greatest reduction in intracellular pHi for respiratory mucosa. Hence, pH effects should be more pronounced in this tissue as compared to other tissues. This physiologically based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic model for rat was modified for the olfactory epithelium of the both human and rat nasal cavity. The change in intracellular pH is predicted to be slightly greater for human olfactory epithelium, than that of rats. To provide validation data for this model, controlled human exposures at exposure levels of 1, 5 and 10 ppm to inhaled ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers at bi-directional breathing through the nose. Data from ion trap mass spectrometry measurements of labeled ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) and acetaldehyde were compared with data from the human nasal model simulation. For the ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) data a good fit was demonstrated (r = 0.9). The metabolism of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) has been studied in animals ... ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the blood to acetate and the unstable intermediate, vinyl alcohol. Vinyl alcohol is rapidly converted to acetaldehyde, which in turn is metabolized to acetate in the liver. This in turn is incorporated into the "2 carbon pool" of normal body metabolism and eventually forms CO2 as the major breakdown product. Therefore, the metabolism of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) results in two acetate molecules that enter the 2 carbon pool. This has been confirmed in excretion studies that have documented 14CO2 in exhaled air as the major metabolite and source of radioactivity recovered following either inhalation or oral exposure to 14C-VA. A very small amount also appears to be excreted in the urine as urea and several other unidentified metabolites. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of administration. Similar results were found in rats exposed to concentrations of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (200-2,000 ppm) in the air for 1.4 hours or less. The results show that ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is rapidly metabolized by blood esterases and that hepatic monooxygenases have a minor role, if any, in the metabolism of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM). In vitro metabolic studies show that ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) added to preparations of rat liver supernatant did conjugate (although not to a large degree) with glutathione. The reaction is mediated by glutathione S-transferase and further metabolism produces mercapturic acid derivatives that are eliminated in the urine. Rats exposed for 5 hours a day for 6 months to ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in the air (10, 100, or 500 mg/cu m) showed a significant depletion of free non-protein thiols in the liver but not in a dose-dependent pattern. According to the authors, the thiol depletion indicates that conjugation with glutathione plays an important role in the detoxification of this chemical. Similar results were seen in rats, guinea pigs, and mice given single intraperitoneal doses of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM). The highest decrease (50%) in SH content was seen in guinea pigs following a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM). Glutathione conjugation may decrease the toxicity of potentially harmful electrophiles by facilitating excretion into the bile. These studies show that ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) quickly undergoes hydrolysis in the body through several intermediate steps to form the principal end products, carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) exposure, but did show nonlinear kinetic patterns at high concentrations, indicating that the metabolic processes are saturable. In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) may bind to various degrees with glutathione in different species, which may help to detoxify ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) or its metabolites and enhance their elimination. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to acetic acid and acetaldehyde which is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetate enters the citric cycle in an activated form as acetyl coenzyme A. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) metabolism not only takes place in the liver but also in several tissues. The half-life of /200 uM/ ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) elimination in human whole blood was 4.1 minutes as compared to /less than/ 1 minute in rat whole blood. Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) through esterase-mediated metabolism. It is discussed that ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) exhibits its genotoxicity via acetaldehyde. For example /researchers/ demonstrated that ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) induces /DNA protein crosslinking/ via acetaldehyde, and ... chromosomal damage induced by ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in mammalian cell cultures is through formation of acetaldehyde ... Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the metabolic pathways of animals and humans (metabolism of ethanol and sugars). It occurs in small quantities in human blood. Therefore, it may well be that acetaldehyde expresses its genotoxic potential in case of metabolic overload. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) and polyvinyl alcohol. Its chief use is as a monomer for making poly(ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM)) and ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) copolymers, which are used as components in coatings, paints, and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, construction products, and carpet-backing) and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is also copolymerized as the minor constituent with vinyl chloride and with ethylene to form commercial polymers and with acrylonitrile to form acrylic fibers. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) has been used primarily to produce polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) emulsions and polyvinyl alcohol. The principle use of these emulsions has been in adhesives, paints, textiles, and paper products. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM): PolyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) accounts for about 48% of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) monomer (VAM) use, with applications including water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 35% of demand. The remainder goes into ethylene ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM): ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) monomer's (VAM) main use is polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) which accounts for about 47% of consumption and has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), which is used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 29% of VAM demand. Remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). EVA and EVOH are finding new uses as copolymers in speciality adhesives and packaging films. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM): ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) monomer (VAM) is mainly used in polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) which has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings and non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, is the second largest consumer. The remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM). PolyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) emulsions and resins, 40%; (this area is divided evenly between paints and adhesives); polyvinyl alcohol, 15%; polyvinyl butyral, 8%; ethylene-ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) resins, 6%; polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 3%; miscellaneous, 1%; exports, 27%. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM): PolyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) emulsions and resins, 57%; polyvinyl alcohol, 19%; polyvinyl butyral, 10%; ethylene-ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) resins, 8%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 2%; miscellaneous, including polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 4%. PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2003: 4.3 million tonnes. PolyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM), 44%; polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM), 40%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 12%. PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2006: 4.8 million tonnes. PolyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM), 43%; polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM), 42%; ethylene-ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) copolymers, 9%; Other, 6%. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM), acetic anhydride, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde were formed in aq extracts of polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) films only in some cases and in insignificant quantities. The difference between pH of aq extracts of polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) films and pH of the control (distilled water) the extracts from unsterilized films are more alk and those from sterilized films are more acidic than the distilled water control. Bromo cmpd were present up to 6.4 mg bromide/L in polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) film extracts and up to 12.3 mg bromide/L in inactivated extracts. The oxidizability of the polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) films was around 324-1310 mg/L and was highly dependent on the time of contact of the films with water. Aq extracts of various films contained 80-360 mg/L polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM). Sterilization by gamma-rays did not lead to substantial changes in hygienic-chem properties of the films. An increase in the irradiation dose up to 0.3 megagray decreased the oxidizability of aq extracts and the polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) content in the films. The quantities of formaldehyde and methanol formed are lower than the accepted quantities of migration of these substances into food products. Thus, polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) has satisfactory properties for medicinal use. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is an industrial chemical that is produced in large amounts in the United States. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell. It is very flammable and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is used to make other industrial chemicals. These chemicals are used mainly to make glues for the packaging and building industries. They are also used to make paints, textiles, and paper. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is also used as a coating in plastic films for food packaging and as a modifier of food starch. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) for carcinogenicity. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) shall be stored at temperatures less than 37.8 °C (100 °F) in well-ventilated areas and kept away from ignition sources such as heat and direct sunlight. No heating apparatus capable of exceeding 80% of the autoignition temperature of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) (427 °C) shall be used in ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) storage areas. The storage of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in glass containers should not be in the same areas as oxidizing agents or other incompatible chemicals. Containers of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) shall be kept tightly closed when not in use and shall be stored so as to minimize accidental ruptures and spills. Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM). There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM). Overall evaluation: ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the working group took into account the following evidence: (1) ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) is rapidly transformed into acetaldehyde in human blood and animal tissues. (2) There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. Both ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) and acetaldehyde induce nasal cancer in rats after administration by inhalation. (3) ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) and acetaldehyde are genotoxic in human cells in vitro and on animals in vivo. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that rat liver microsome-activated ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) induces plasmid DNA-histone crosslinks, in vitro, through esterase-mediated metabolism. Since nasal tissues contain high levels of carboxylesterase, tumorigenesis may be related to in situ production of the hydrolysis products acetaldehyde and acetic acid. ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) was cytotoxic to both respiratory and olfactory tissues in vitro at 50-200 mM, but not 25 mM, after 2 hr exposure. Pretreatment of rats with the carboxylesterase inhibitor, bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), attenuated the cytotoxic effects and metabolism of ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM) in both tissue types. Semicarbazide, an aldehyde scavenger, was unable to protect the tissues from ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Asetat, VAM)-induced cytotoxicity. When the metabolites were tested, acetic acid, but not acetaldehyde, was cytotoxic to both tissues. To provide validation data for the application of the PBPK model ... in humans, controlled human exposures to inhaled ORP HYDROFLEX 64 (Vinyl Acetate, Vinil Aset

ORP THERMOBOND 65 ORP Thermobond 65 is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Vinyl Versatate / Acrylic terpolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion on mineral substrates. ORP Thermobond 65 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP Thermobond 65 improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature ORP Thermobond 65 performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance White powder Chemical composition VA / VV / Acrylic Terpolymer Stabilizing System PVOH Residual Humidity (%) Max. 2.0 Bulk Density (g/l) 400 - 600 Ash Content (%) 12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT (°C) 0 ±1 APPLICATION AREAS ORP Thermobond 65 can be used in mortar formulations where good flexibility/elasticity, recovery and thixotropic behavior is required. ETICS (Exterior Thermal Insulation Coating Systems) Plasters: Due to its excellent flexibility and water resistance, ORP Thermobond 65 can be used for manufacturing of cementitious base coats applied on EPS&XPS boards in ETICS. The recommended dosage: 3.0 – 5.0 % Adhesives for EPS&XPS boards in ETICS: The recommended dosages: 1.0 – 2.0 % Tile Adhesives (S1 & S2): The recommended dosages: 3.0 – 7.0 % PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate / Acrylic copolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of the polymer allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP THERMOBOND 65 improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially in self levelling mortar formulations ORP THERMOBOND 65 provides excellent abrasion resistance, flexural & compressive stength and good leveling. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP THERMOBOND 65 ORP THERMOBOND 65 can be used between 1.5 – 4.0 % in self leveling mortar formulations. This amount of usage provides high abrasion resistance, water resistance, flexural & compressive strength. Also decreases segmentation and efflorescence. PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE of ORP THERMOBOND 65 Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP THERMOBOND 65 has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical / physical composition, ORP THERMOBOND 65 improves adhesion, flexibility, hydrophobicity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature, ORP THERMOBOND 65 performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. APPLICATION AREAS of ORP THERMOBOND 65 ORP THERMOBOND 65 can be used in mortar formulations where highly flexbily/elastic, hydrophobic and water resistant behavior is required at the same time. In high performance of ceramic tile grouts formulations (CG2) ORP THERMOBOND 65 can be used with the ratio of 2.0 - 4.0 % in weight and without requiring an additional hydrophobic agent. Moreover ORP THERMOBOND 65 is a very suitable redispersible powder polymer for cementitious water proofing mortars.It can be used with the ratio of 7.0 - 12.0 % in weight in 1K cementitious water proofing mortar formulations. Because of its molecular structure it provides high crack bridging ability. Also ORP THERMOBOND 65 performs very well in cementitious exterior plasters and topcoats with the amunt of 2.0 - 4.0 %. PRODUCT HANDLING - STORAGE - SHELFLIFE of ORP THERMOBOND 65 Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. It has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. 1.Product identifier Product name ORP THERMOBOND 65 Chemical name and synonym Vinyl Acetate l VeoVa l Acrylic terpolymer 2.Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against Intended use Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars The product does not contain substances classified as being hazardous to human health or the environment pursuant to the provisions Regulation (EU) 1272/2008 (CLP) (and subsequent amendments and supplements) in such quantities as to require the statement. ORP THERMOBOND 65 can be released to the environment from industrial sources and biomass combustion(1). Waste gases from scrubbers (generated during the industrial manufacture of ORP THERMOBOND 65 ) may contain trace levels of ORP THERMOBOND 65 (2). An emission factor of 6.22 ug/g ORP THERMOBOND 65 from extruded ethylene-ORP THERMOBOND 65 and ORP THERMOBOND 65 copolymer (28% ORP THERMOBOND 65 ) was determined experimentally at 435 °C under laboratory conditions. All low density polyethylene and ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers with ORP THERMOBOND 65 emitted >0.01 ug/g ORP THERMOBOND 65 at 435 °C(3). How is it produced? The main production method for ORP THERMOBOND 65 monomer is the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen, in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The ORP THERMOBOND 65 is recovered by condensation and scrubbing and is then purified by distillation. A new manufacturing process, dubbed Leap, could offer large capital cost savings as a more efficient fluidised bed system replaces the fixed bed reactors currently in use. The oldest means of manufacturing ORP THERMOBOND 65 is the addition of acetic acid to acetylene and this process is still used but not on a large scale. How is it stored and distributed? ORP THERMOBOND 65 monomer is stored in mild steel storage tanks and/or new or reconditioned steel drums and can be transported by bulk vessels or tank trucks. It has a specific gravity of 0.933 and a flash point of -8° C (closed cup) and is highly flammable. It should therefore be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area that is free from the risk of ignition. For transportation purposes, it is classified as packing group II and hazard class 3 and it is an irritant. What is ORP THERMOBOND 65 Monomer used for? ORP THERMOBOND 65 monomer is mainly used in the production of polyORP THERMOBOND 65 (PVAc) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH or PVA). In fact, 80 % of all the ORP THERMOBOND 65 produced in the world is used to make these two chemicals. PolyORP THERMOBOND 65 is used in paints, adhesives, paper coatings and textile treatments, while polyvinyl alcohol is used in the production of adhesives, coatings, and water soluble packaging, and textile warp sizing. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is also used to make polyvinyl butyral (PVB) which is used in laminated safety glass for cars and buildings. Ethylene-ORP THERMOBOND 65 (EVA) resin is also made from ORP THERMOBOND 65 and is used in the manufacture of packaging film, heavy-duty bags, extrusion coating, wire and cable jacketing, hot-melt adhesives and cross-linked foam. Other products made from ORP THERMOBOND 65 are ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) resins which are used as a gas barrier in multi-layered food and beverage packages, and as a barrier layer in automobile tanks. Production of ORP THERMOBOND 65 The worldwide production capacity of ORP THERMOBOND 65 was estimated at 6,969,000 tonnes/year in 2007, with most capacity concentrated in the United States (1,585,000 all in Texas), China (1,261,000), Japan (725,000) and Taiwan (650,000).[4] The average list price for 2008 was $1600/tonne. Celanese is the largest producer (ca 25% of the worldwide capacity), while other significant producers include China Petrochemical Corporation (7%), Chang Chun Group (6%), and LyondellBasell (5%).[4] It is a key ingredient in furniture glue.[5] Preparation ORP THERMOBOND 65 is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the preparation of ORP THERMOBOND 65 is more complex than the synthesis of other acetate esters. The major industrial route involves the reaction of ethylene and acetic acid with oxygen in the presence of a palladium catalyst.[6] {\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}}{\displaystyle {\ce {2 C2H4 + 2 CH3CO2H + O2 -> 2 CH3CO2CHCH2 + 2 H2O}}} The main side reaction is the combustion of organic precursors. Mechanism Isotope labeling and kinetics experiments suggest that the mechanism involves PdCH2CH2OAc-containing intermediates. Beta-hydride elimination would generate ORP THERMOBOND 65 and a palladium hydride, which would be oxidized to give hydroxide. Polymerization It can be polymerized to give polyORP THERMOBOND 65 (PVA). With other monomers it can be used to prepare various copolymers such as ethylene-ORP THERMOBOND 65 (EVA), ORP THERMOBOND 65 -acrylic acid (VA/AA), polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va Copolymer, used in hair gels).[8] Due to the instability of the radical, attempts to control the polymerization via most 'living/controlled' radical processes have proved problematic. However, RAFT (or more specifically MADIX) polymerization offers a convenient method of controlling the synthesis of PVA by the addition of a xanthate or a dithiocarbamate chain transfer agent. Other reactions ORP THERMOBOND 65 undergoes many of the reactions anticipated for an alkene and an ester. Bromine adds to give the dibromide. Hydrogen halides add to give 1-haloethyl acetates, which cannot be generated by other methods because of the non-availability of the corresponding halo-alcohols. Acetic acid adds in the presence of palladium catalysts to give ethylidene diacetate, CH3CH(OAc)2. It undergoes transesterification with a variety of carboxylic acids.[9] The alkene also undergoes Diels-Alder and 2+2 cycloadditions. ORP THERMOBOND 65 undergoes transesterification, giving access to vinyl ethers: ROH + CH2=CHOAc → ROCH=CH2 + HOAc Toxicity evaluation Tests suggest that ORP THERMOBOND 65 is of low toxicity. For rats (oral) LD50 is 2920 mg/kg.[3] On January 31, 2009, the Government of Canada's final assessment concluded that exposure to ORP THERMOBOND 65 is not harmful to human health.[12] This decision under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) was based on new information received during the public comment period, as well as more recent information from the risk assessment conducted by the European Union. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States as defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. 11002), and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities. ORP THERMOBOND 65 appears as a clear colorless liquid. Flash point 18°F. Density 7.8 lb / gal. Slightly soluble in water. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the eyes and respiratory system. May polymerize if heated or contaminated. If polymerization occurs inside a container, the container may violently rupture. Used to make adhesives, paints, and plastics. At 20 °C, a saturated solution of ORP THERMOBOND 65 in water contains 2.0-2.4 wt % ORP THERMOBOND 65 , whereas a saturated solution of water in ORP THERMOBOND 65 contains 0.9-1.0 wt % water; at 50 °C, the solubility of ORP THERMOBOND 65 in water is 0.1 wt % more than at 20 °C, but the solubility of water in ORP THERMOBOND 65 doubles to about 2 wt % The/ fate of inhaled ORP THERMOBOND 65 in rabbits /was studied/. ... ORP THERMOBOND 65 tended to remain in the body after it was inhaled; 70% of the ORP THERMOBOND 65 administered was retained, and an equilibrium was established in the first few min after exposure began. ... No ORP THERMOBOND 65 /was found/ in the blood, either during or after its inhalation, which suggested ... that ORP THERMOBOND 65 is rapidly metabolized when it enters the body through the lungs. Two male Wistar Rats exposed to ORP THERMOBOND 65 (stabilized with 0.01% hydroquinone) concentrations varying between 200 and 2000 ppm in closed chambers with an exposure time of 1.4 hr or less demonstrated dose dependent elimination kinetics. The authors concluded that the metabolic pathways became saturated when ORP THERMOBOND 65 exposure levels exceeded 650 ppm (2320 mg/cu m). ORP THERMOBOND 65 deposition was measured in the isolated upper respiratory tract (URT) of anaesthetized adult male CrlCD:BR rats at exposure concentrations ranging from 73 to 2190 ppm during 1 hr inhalation under unidirectional flow conditions (flow rate 100 mL/min) ... Preliminary experiments showed that approximately 8 min of exposure was required for ORP THERMOBOND 65 to achieve a steady state in nasal tissues. After 8 min of equilibration, impinger samples were collected, approximately every 4 min, for up to 40 min and analyzed for ORP THERMOBOND 65 and acetaldehyde by gas chromatography ... Acetaldehyde was found in expired air at all ORP THERMOBOND 65 exposure concentrations. With increasing the ORP THERMOBOND 65 exposure, concentration of acetaldehyde in expired air increased. At ORP THERMOBOND 65 exposure of approximately 1000 ppm the concentration of acetaldehyde in the expired air was 277 ppm (499 mg/cu m). Rats were administered oral doses of 14C-ORP THERMOBOND 65 (labeled at the vinyl moiety, 1 mL of a 10000 ppm (v/v) aqueous solution, overall dose level 297 mg/kg bw) by gastric intubation. The dosing regimen was 6 times 1 hour apart. During the dosing regime and subsequent 96 hr collection period, a mean of 64.4% of the administered radioactivity was excreted (1.4% in feces, 1.8% in urine and 61.2% in exhaled air). In addition a mean of 5.4% was found in the carcass at 96 hr. The major portion of the urinary radioactivity was excreted within the first 24 hr. Most of the radioactivity eliminated by the expired air was recovered during the 6 hr dosing regime and the first 6 hr after dosing. This portion of radioactivity was recovered from the traps designed for collecting carbon dioxide. The authors of the study suppose, that the unaccounted 30.1% of the dose were most likely lost in the expired air, which escaped from the metabolism cages when the animals were removed for dosing. There was a wide tissue distribution of radioactivity following administration of 14C-ORP THERMOBOND 65 by the oral route. One hour after the sixth dose the highest mean concentrations of radioactivity were found in the harderian gland and the submaxillary salivary gland. High levels were also found in the liver, kidney, stomach, ileum, colon and gastrointestinal tract contents. Low concentrations of radioactivity were found in fat. Attempts have been undertaken to determine ORP THERMOBOND 65 metabolites in urine and feces. No radiolabeled carbonates or bicarbonates were found in urine or feces. Thin layer chromatography of urine indicated that there was one major radioactive fraction and several minor fractions. Exhaled radioactivity was entirely present as 14C carbon dioxide. Therefore it can be concluded, that 63 % of orally applied 14C ORP THERMOBOND 65 is excreted as metabolites. On/ hydrolysis /in the blood/, ORP THERMOBOND 65 yields acetic acid, a normal body constituent, and vinyl alcohol, which should rapidly tautomerize to yield acetaldehyde, another normal body constituent. The hydrolysis of ORP THERMOBOND 65 was studied in vitro with rat liver and lung microsomes, rat and human plasma and purified esterases (acetylcholine esterase, butyrylcholine esterase, carboxyl esterase). Characterization of the kinetic parameters revealed that rat liver microsomes and purified carboxyl esterase (from porcine liver) displayed the highest activity. In order to establish the rate of metab of ORP THERMOBOND 65 in vivo, rats were exposed in closed desiccator jar chambers, and gas uptake kinetics were studied. The decay of ORP THERMOBOND 65 was dose-dependent, indicating possible satn of metabolic pathway(s). The maximal clearance (at lower concn) of ORP THERMOBOND 65 from the system (30,000 mL/hr/kg) was similar to the maximal ventilation rate in this species. The exposure of rats to ORP THERMOBOND 65 resulted in a transient exhalation of significant amts of acetaldehyde into the closed exposure system. Gas chromatographic analysis of human whole-blood lymphocyte cultures treated for 10 seconds to 20 min with ORP THERMOBOND 65 (5.4 mM) revealed a rapid degradation of ORP THERMOBOND 65 and formation of acetaldehyde. During the 20 min observation period, no degradation of ORP THERMOBOND 65 or formation of acetaldehyde were observed in complete culture medium without blood, which suggested that the reaction was enzymatic. ORP THERMOBOND 65 hydrolysis has been studied in vitro in the oral mucosal tissues from the oral cavity of rats and mice. The hydrolysis activity of the oral tissues is at least 100-fold lower than that of the nasal tissues. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model was developed which describes the deposition of ORP THERMOBOND 65 in the nasal cavity of the rat. This model predicts steady state concentrations of the metabolite acetic acid after continuing 6 hr-exposure in respiratory tissue which are approximately 13 times greater and in olfactory tissue which are approximately 2 times greater than those of acetaldehyde, the second metabolite. As the concentration of acids is indicative for the concentration of protons the model predicts the greatest reduction in intracellular pHi for respiratory mucosa. Hence, pH effects should be more pronounced in this tissue as compared to other tissues. This physiologically based toxicokinetic/toxicodynamic model for rat was modified for the olfactory epithelium of the both human and rat nasal cavity. The change in intracellular pH is predicted to be slightly greater for human olfactory epithelium, than that of rats. To provide validation data for this model, controlled human exposures at exposure levels of 1, 5 and 10 ppm to inhaled ORP THERMOBOND 65 were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers at bi-directional breathing through the nose. Data from ion trap mass spectrometry measurements of labeled ORP THERMOBOND 65 and acetaldehyde were compared with data from the human nasal model simulation. For the ORP THERMOBOND 65 data a good fit was demonstrated (r = 0.9). The metabolism of ORP THERMOBOND 65 has been studied in animals ... ORP THERMOBOND 65 is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the blood to acetate and the unstable intermediate, vinyl alcohol. Vinyl alcohol is rapidly converted to acetaldehyde, which in turn is metabolized to acetate in the liver. This in turn is incorporated into the "2 carbon pool" of normal body metabolism and eventually forms CO2 as the major breakdown product. Therefore, the metabolism of ORP THERMOBOND 65 results in two acetate molecules that enter the 2 carbon pool. This has been confirmed in excretion studies that have documented 14CO2 in exhaled air as the major metabolite and source of radioactivity recovered following either inhalation or oral exposure to 14C-VA. A very small amount also appears to be excreted in the urine as urea and several other unidentified metabolites. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of administration. Similar results were found in rats exposed to concentrations of ORP THERMOBOND 65 (200-2,000 ppm) in the air for 1.4 hours or less. The results show that ORP THERMOBOND 65 is rapidly metabolized by blood esterases and that hepatic monooxygenases have a minor role, if any, in the metabolism of ORP THERMOBOND 65. In vitro metabolic studies show that ORP THERMOBOND 65 added to preparations of rat liver supernatant did conjugate (although not to a large degree) with glutathione. The reaction is mediated by glutathione S-transferase and further metabolism produces mercapturic acid derivatives that are eliminated in the urine. Rats exposed for 5 hours a day for 6 months to ORP THERMOBOND 65 in the air (10, 100, or 500 mg/cu m) showed a significant depletion of free non-protein thiols in the liver but not in a dose-dependent pattern. According to the authors, the thiol depletion indicates that conjugation with glutathione plays an important role in the detoxification of this chemical. Similar results were seen in rats, guinea pigs, and mice given single intraperitoneal doses of ORP THERMOBOND 65 . The highest decrease (50%) in SH content was seen in guinea pigs following a single intraperitoneal injection of 500 mg/kg ORP THERMOBOND 65 . Glutathione conjugation may decrease the toxicity of potentially harmful electrophiles by facilitating excretion into the bile. These studies show that ORP THERMOBOND 65 quickly undergoes hydrolysis in the body through several intermediate steps to form the principal end products, carbon dioxide and water. The metabolic pattern was not influenced by the route of ORP THERMOBOND 65 exposure, but did show nonlinear kinetic patterns at high concentrations, indicating that the metabolic processes are saturable. In vivo and in vitro tests indicate that ORP THERMOBOND 65 may bind to various degrees with glutathione in different species, which may help to detoxify ORP THERMOBOND 65 or its metabolites and enhance their elimination. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is hydrolyzed by carboxylesterases to acetic acid and acetaldehyde which is subsequently oxidized to acetic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenases. Acetate enters the citric cycle in an activated form as acetyl coenzyme A. ORP THERMOBOND 65 metabolism not only takes place in the liver but also in several tissues. The half-life of /200 uM/ ORP THERMOBOND 65 elimination in human whole blood was 4.1 minutes as compared to /less than/ 1 minute in rat whole blood. Acetaldehyde is a metabolite of ORP THERMOBOND 65 through esterase-mediated metabolism. It is discussed that ORP THERMOBOND 65 exhibits its genotoxicity via acetaldehyde. For example /researchers/ demonstrated that ORP THERMOBOND 65 induces /DNA protein crosslinking/ via acetaldehyde, and ... chromosomal damage induced by ORP THERMOBOND 65 in mammalian cell cultures is through formation of acetaldehyde ... Acetaldehyde is a naturally occurring substance in the metabolic pathways of animals and humans (metabolism of ethanol and sugars). It occurs in small quantities in human blood. Therefore, it may well be that acetaldehyde expresses its genotoxic potential in case of metabolic overload. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP THERMOBOND 65 and polyvinyl alcohol. Its chief use is as a monomer for making poly(ORP THERMOBOND 65 ) and ORP THERMOBOND 65 copolymers, which are used as components in coatings, paints, and sealants, binders (adhesives, nonwovens, construction products, and carpet-backing) and in miscellaneous uses such as chewing gum and tablet coatings. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is also copolymerized as the minor constituent with vinyl chloride and with ethylene to form commercial polymers and with acrylonitrile to form acrylic fibers. ORP THERMOBOND 65 has been used primarily to produce polyORP THERMOBOND 65 emulsions and polyvinyl alcohol. The principle use of these emulsions has been in adhesives, paints, textiles, and paper products. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP THERMOBOND 65 : PolyORP THERMOBOND 65 accounts for about 48% of ORP THERMOBOND 65 monomer (VAM) use, with applications including water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 35% of demand. The remainder goes into ethylene ORP THERMOBOND 65 (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins. PRODUCT PROFILE: ORP THERMOBOND 65 : ORP THERMOBOND 65 monomer's (VAM) main use is polyORP THERMOBOND 65 which accounts for about 47% of consumption and has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings or non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), which is used in packaging film and glass laminates, accounts for about 29% of VAM demand. Remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP THERMOBOND 65 (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). EVA and EVOH are finding new uses as copolymers in speciality adhesives and packaging films. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP THERMOBOND 65 : ORP THERMOBOND 65 monomer (VAM) is mainly used in polyORP THERMOBOND 65 which has applications in water-based paints, adhesives, acrylic fibres, paper coatings and non-woven binders. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), used in packaging film and glass laminates, is the second largest consumer. The remaining volumes go into ethylene ORP THERMOBOND 65 (EVA) polymers, ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) barrier resins and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP THERMOBOND 65 . PolyORP THERMOBOND 65 emulsions and resins, 40%; (this area is divided evenly between paints and adhesives); polyvinyl alcohol, 15%; polyvinyl butyral, 8%; ethylene-ORP THERMOBOND 65 resins, 6%; polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 3%; miscellaneous, 1%; exports, 27%. CHEMICAL PROFILE: ORP THERMOBOND 65 : PolyORP THERMOBOND 65 emulsions and resins, 57%; polyvinyl alcohol, 19%; polyvinyl butyral, 10%; ethylene-ORP THERMOBOND 65 resins, 8%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 2%; miscellaneous, including polyvinyl chloride copolymers, 4%. PRODUCT FOCUS: ORP THERMOBOND 65 Monomer (VAM): Global Demand: 2003: 4.3 million tonnes. PolyORP THERMOBOND 65 , 44%; polyORP THERMOBOND 65 , 40%; ethylene vinyl alcohol, 12%. ORP THERMOBOND 65 , acetic anhydride, ethanol, methanol, and formaldehyde were formed in aq extracts of polyORP THERMOBOND 65 films only in some cases and in insignificant quantities. The difference between pH of aq extracts of polyORP THERMOBOND 65 films and pH of the control (distilled water) the extracts from unsterilized films are more alk and those from sterilized films are more acidic than the distilled water control. Bromo cmpd were present up to 6.4 mg bromide/L in polyORP THERMOBOND 65 film extracts and up to 12.3 mg bromide/L in inactivated extracts. The oxidizability of the polyORP THERMOBOND 65 films was around 324-1310 mg/L and was highly dependent on the time of contact of the films with water. Aq extracts of various films contained 80-360 mg/L polyORP THERMOBOND 65 . Sterilization by gamma-rays did not lead to substantial changes in hygienic-chem properties of the films. An increase in the irradiation dose up to 0.3 megagray decreased the oxidizability of aq extracts and the polyORP THERMOBOND 65 content in the films. The quantities of formaldehyde and methanol formed are lower than the accepted quantities of migration of these substances into food products. Thus, polyORP THERMOBOND 65 has satisfactory properties for medicinal use. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is an industrial chemical that is produced in large amounts in the United States. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a sweet, fruity smell. It is very flammable and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is used to make other industrial chemicals. These chemicals are used mainly to make glues for the packaging and building industries. They are also used to make paints, textiles, and paper. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is also used as a coating in plastic films for food packaging and as a modifier of food starch. ORP THERMOBOND 65 is primarily used as a monomer in the production of polyORP THERMOBOND 65 and polyvinyl alcohol. Acute (short-term) inhalation exposure of workers to ORP THERMOBOND 65 has resulted in eye irritation and upper respiratory tract irritation. Chronic (long-term) occupational exposure did not result in any severe adverse effects in workers; some instances of upper respiratory tract irritation, cough, and/or hoarseness were reported. Nasal epithelial lesions and irritation and inflammation of the respiratory tract were observed in mice and rats chronically exposed by inhalation. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of ORP THERMOBOND 65 in humans. An increased incidence of nasal cavity tumors has been observed in rats exposed by inhalation. In one drinking water study, an increased incidence of tumors was reported in rats. EPA has not classified ORP THERMOBOND 65 for carcinogenicity. ORP THERMOBOND 65 shall be stored at temperatures less than 37.8 °C (100 °F) in well-ventilated areas and kept away from ignition sources such as heat and direct sunlight. No heating apparatus capable of exceeding 80% of the autoignition temperature of ORP THERMOBOND 65 (427 °C) shall be used in ORP THERMOBOND 65 storage areas. The storage of ORP THERMOBOND 65 in glass containers should not be in the same areas as oxidizing agents or other incompatible chemicals. Containers of ORP THERMOBOND 65 shall be kept tightly closed when not in use and shall be stored so as to minimize accidental ruptures and spills. Evaluation: There is inadequate evidence in humans for the carcinogenicity of ORP THERMOBOND 65 . There is limited evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of ORP THERMOBOND 65 . Overall evaluation: ORP THERMOBOND 65 is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B). In making the overall evaluation, the working group took into account the following evidence: (1) ORP THERMOBOND 65 is rapidly transformed into acetaldehyde in human blood and animal tissues. (2) There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of acetaldehyde. Both ORP THERMOBOND 65 and acetaldehyde induce nasal cancer in rats after administration by inhalation. (3) ORP THERMOBOND 65 and acetaldehyde are genotoxic in human cells in vitro and on animals in vivo. Previous studies from our laboratory suggest that rat liver microsome-activated ORP THERMOBOND 65 induces plasmid DNA-histone crosslinks, in vitro, through esterase-mediated metabolism. Since nasal tissues contain high levels of carboxylesterase, tumorigenesis may be related to in situ production of the hydrolysis products acetaldehyde and acetic acid. ORP THERMOBOND 65 was cytotoxic to both respiratory and olfactory tissues in vitro at 50-200 mM, but not 25 mM, after 2 hr exposure. Pretreatment of rats with the carboxylesterase inhibitor, bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate (BNPP), attenuated the cytotoxic effects and metabolism of ORP THERMOBOND 65 in both tissue types. Semicarbazide, an aldehyde scavenger, was unable to protect the tissues from ORP THERMOBOND 65 -induced cytotoxicity. When the metabolites were tested, acetic acid, but not acetaldehyde, was cytotoxic to both tissues. To provide validation data for the application of the PBPK model ... in humans, controlled human exposures to inhaled ORP THERMOBOND 65 were conducted. Air was sampled by a probe inserted into the nasopharyngeal cavity of five volunteers (two women, three men). Volunteers were instructed to inhale and exhale through the nose. Sampling was carried out during exposure to labeled 13C1, 13C2-ORP THERMOBOND 65 during resting and light exercise at three exposure levels (1, 5 and 10 ppm nominally). Both, labeled ORP THERMOBOND 65 and the major metabolite acetaldehyde from the nasopharyngeal region were sampled at a calibrated flow rate of 12 L/hr and analyzed in real time utilizing ion trap mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Measurements were taken every 0.

ORP Thermobond 65 is a Redispersible Powder for Dry-Mix Mortars INTRODUCTION ORP Thermobond 65 is a redispersible powder produced by drying an emulsion of Vinyl Acetate /Vinyl Versatate / Acrylic terpolymer with PVOH as protective colloid. The specific chemical composition of ORP Thermobond 65 allows coalescence of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and provides good adhesion on mineral substrates. ORP Thermobond 65 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Due to its particular chemical and physical composition, ORP Thermobond 65 improves adhesion, flexibility and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially because of the flexible nature ORP Thermobond 65 performs very well in transverse deformation conditions. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Appearance: White powder Chemical composition: VA / VV / Acrylic Terpolymer Stabilizing System: PVOH Residual Humidity (%): Max. 2.0 Bulk Density (g/l): 400 - 600 Ash Content (%): 12 ± 2 Alkali Resistance: High After 1:1 Dispersion with Water MFFT: 0 ±1 APPLICATION AREAS ORP Thermobond 65 can be used in mortar formulations where good flexibility/elasticity, recovery and thixotropic behavior is required. ETICS (Exterior Thermal Insulation Coating Systems) Plasters: Due to its excellent flexibility and water resistance, ORP Thermobond 65 can be used for manufacturing of cementitious base coats applied on EPS&XPS boards in ETICS. The recommended dosage: 3.0 – 5.0 % Adhesives for EPS&XPS boards in ETICS: The recommended dosages: 1.0 – 2.0 % Tile Adhesives (S1 & S2): The recommended dosages: 3.0 – 7.0 % PRODUCT HANDLING – STORAGE – SHELFLIFE Packaging: Pallet with 18 paper bags, each 25 kg, also 500 or 1000 kg of big bags. Packages must be stored in a dry and cool warehouse. Pallets must not be stacked on top of each other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. Packing must be closed well after usage for protection against humidity and caking. ORP Thermobond 65 has to be used within 6 months after the date of delivery. Today, ATAMAN CHEMICALS supplies the market with polymer emulsions, redispersible powder polymers and specialty additives. Polymer Emulsions Offering a wide array of styrene, vinyl acetate and acrylic chemical compositions, ATAMAN CHEMICALS offers innovative solutions with various polymerization technologies for the cementitious and dispersion based construction chemicals markets. Redispersible Powder Polymers ATAMAN CHEMICALS provides solutions in carbon rich monomer combinations of vinyl versatate and acrylics that highlight properties such as water resistance, saponification resistance and flexibility. Specialty Additives Acrylic associative and non-associative rheology modifiers specifically are designed for fullfilling different application rheology requirements of different markets. Dispersion agents, both ammonia or sodium based salts, are able to work with different dispersing systems and chemistries. Rheology modifiers and dispersion agents are used in both dispersion based and liquid components of 2K Cementitious Systems. Technical Solution Partnership Approach of ATAMAN has dedicated synthesis and application laboratories within Research & Development Center With state of the art equipment, ATAMAN is able to perform all application and analysis tests in accordance with the regional and international standards Customer intimacy and solving customer needs is of utmost importance to ATAMAN; therefore, joint projects and testing for customers at the laboratories are executed with much diligence We distribute the following Organik Kimya products Orgal® Acrylate and styrene acrylate dispersions Orgal® Hydroflex Modified acrylate and styrene acrylate dispersions Orgal® Rooflex Modified acrylate and styrene acrylate dispersions Orgal® Vinyl acetate dispersions ORP® Redispersible dispersion powders ORP® Thermobond Redispersible dispersion powder for ETICS

Introduction: ORP Thermobond 74 is a redispersible powder obtained by drying an emulsion of a vinyl acetate / acrylic copolymer with PVA as a protective colloid. The special chemical composition of the polymer facilitates the bonding of the redispersed polymer at low temperatures and ensures good adhesion to cementitious substrates. ORP Thermobond 74 is used to modify mixtures containing hydraulic binders. Thanks to its special chemical / physical composition, ORP Thermobond 74 improves the adhesion, elasticity and water resistance of mortars containing hydraulic binders such as cement, gypsum or lime. Especially due to its flexible nature, ORP Thermobond 74 withstands lateral deformation tests very well. Properties: Appearance - White powder Chemical composition - Vinyl acetate / acrylic terpolymer Stabilizing system - PVA Residual moisture (%) - Max. 1.5 Density (g / l) - 400 - 600 Ash residue (%) - 14 ± 2 Alkaline resistance - High After dispersion with water - 1: 1 Minimum film formation temperature (° C ) - 0 Applications: ORP Thermobond 74 can be used in composition of mortars requiring good flexibility / elasticity, deformation resistance and thixotropic behavior. Plasters for external thermal insulation systems: Due to its excellent elasticity and water resistance, ORP Thermobond 74 can be used for the production of cement plaster used for boards of extruded polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene in the external thermal insulation system. Recommended dosage: 3.0-5.0%. Adhesives for panels made of extruded polystyrene foam and expanded polystyrene in the external thermal insulation system: Recommended dosages: 1.0-2.0%. Tile adhesives (C1 and C2): Recommended dosage: 3.0-7.0% Storage and shelf life: Packaging: 25 kg paper bags. 18 bags per pallet. Big bags of 500 kg. The bags should be stored in a dry and cool warehouse at a temperature of 10 - 25 ° C. It is not advisable to stack the pallets one on top of the other to avoid caking due to the thermoplasticity of the polymer. The packaging should be closed after use to protect it from moisture and caking. The minimum shelf life is 12 months.

Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is a chlorinated derivative of benzaldehyde that is used in production of CS gas.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde reacts with malononitrile to form CS.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is a clear colorless to yellowish liquid. (NTP, 1992)

CAS: 89-98-5
MF: C7H5ClO
MW: 140.57
EINECS: 201-956-3

Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde Chemical Properties
Melting point: 9-11 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 209-215 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.248 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.84 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1.27 mm Hg ( 50 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.566(lit.)
Fp: 190 °F
Storage temp.: Store in RT
Solubility: 1.8g/l
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless to light yellow
PH: 2.9 (H2O)(saturated aqueous solution)
Water Solubility: 0.1-0.5 g/100 mL at 24 ºC
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
BRN: 385877
Stability: Stable. Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, iron, strong reducing agents.
Moisture and light-sensitive.
LogP: 2.44 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 89-98-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde (89-98-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde (89-98-5)

Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a penetrating odor.
Insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, alcohol and ether.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is considerably more resistant to oxidation than benzaldehyde.
When Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is heated with sodium sulfite solution under pressure, benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic acid forms.

Uses
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde has been used in generation of small focused library of diversely functionalized dihydropyrimidine derivatives via one-pot three-component Biginelli cyclocondensation of β-ketoesters, aldehydes and thioureas.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can be used to make alcohols, acids, and dyes; used in the rubber, tanning, and paper industries; used as an intermediate for optical brighteners, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can also be used to prepare triphenyl methane and related dyes, organic intermediate.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is used acid zinc plating brightener, also be used for organic synthesis, agricultural pesticide and pharmaceutical industries.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is used to synthesize the acaricides clofentezine and flutenzine.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde undergoes alkynylation with phenylacetylene in the presence of catalytic ligands and dimethylzinc at 0°C to form binaphthyl-derived amino alcohols.

Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is used in manufacturing of electroplating, Dyes and API intermediates.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can be used as zinc plating brightener.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can also be used for organic synthesis, agricultural pesticide and pharmaceutical industries.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is a kind of organic synthetic raw material; it can be applied in making of pharmacy and pesticide etc.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can be used to make Chlorobenzylpenicillin sodium etc., as well as high efficient medical acaricide etc.

Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is an intermediate of the plant growth regulator indyl ester.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is used as intermediate of medicine and dye.
The dead Net of pesticide mites produced by Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can control the mites on dry crops and fruit trees.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can be obtained by O-chlorobenzoxime oximation, and O-chlorobenzoxime can be obtained by further chlorination, which are all drug intermediates.

Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde used as dye, pesticide, pharmaceutical intermediate.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde used as dye intermediate, also used in organic synthesis.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde, also known as 2-chlorobenzaldehyde, is the raw material for the synthesis of acaricide tetrarazine, it can also be used for the synthesis of another new acaricide, new species of fluxazine, and can also be used as a pharmaceutical, dye intermediate.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde important pharmaceutical, fuel and pesticide intermediates.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is mainly used in medicine for synthesis of ampicillin (Cloxacillin).
Zinc plating brightener, mainly used in the manufacture of Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde, O-chlorobenzenes chloride and chlorbenzoxazole penicillin sodium and other pharmaceutical raw materials, is also widely used in the manufacture of pesticides on the high-efficiency acaricide, raw materials for dead-clean products of mites.
Preparation of triphenylmethane.

Preparation
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is produced mainly by chlorination of 2-chlorotoluene to form 2-chlorobenzal chloride, which is then subjected to acid hydrolysis.
Metal salts, such as iron(III) chloride, are used as catalysts.
The hydrolysis can also be accomplished using formic acid without a catalyst.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can also be produced by oxidation of 2-chlorobenzyl chloride with N-oxides of tertiary amines or with dilute nitric acid.

Production Methods
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde has the following 3 synthetic methods.

(1) Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde chlorination, hydrolysis method from O-chlorotoluene by chlorination, hydrolysis and.
(1) chlorination O-chlorotoluene, phosphorus trichloride and thionyl chloride are heated to 150 ° C., and chlorine gas is passed to a theoretical amount under ultraviolet irradiation to obtain O-chlorobenzylidene dichloride.

(2) ice solution the mixture of O-chlorobenzylidene dichloride and zinc chloride is heated at 120~130 ℃, and 1% ferric chloride aqueous solution is added dropwise with stirring, then heated and refluxed with water, the separated oil layer is refined O-chlorobenzaldehyde.
In addition, the hydrolysis may also be performed in the presence of sulfuric acid.
Stir O-chlorobenzylidene dichloride and industrial concentrated sulfuric acid together, and slowly heat for 12h to keep the temperature at 30~40 ℃ until the temperature is automatically lowered and the evolution of hydrogen chloride is slowed down, after stratification with cold water, the oily matter is separated, washed and distilled by steam to obtain the finished product.

(2) O-chlorotoluene chlorination, oxidation of O-chlorotoluene in the methyl chloride after nitric acid oxidation.
To a 3.0 ML Photo-reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer, a chlorine gas blowing tube, a reflux condenser and a high-pressure mercury lamp illumination device, 380g (130 mol) of O-chlorotoluene was added and heated to ° C, under the light, the chlorine gas was blown into 1.5G/h (3.6 mol/h), and the time was h.
A total of 5.4mol chlorine gas was introduced.
After completion of the reaction, dry nitrogen was introduced into the reaction solution to drive out hydrogen chloride and chlorine gas to obtain a total of 558g of reaction solution, Among them, O-chlorotoluene 0.5%(mol), O-chlorobenzyl chloride 28%, O-chloro dichlorotoluene 67%, O-chloro trichlorotoluene 3%, O-chloro-chlorotoluene the average degree of chlorination is 1.8.
To a 2 L three-necked flask with thermometer, stirrer and reflux condenser, add 64.7g(0.343mol), 3%(mass fraction) of the above chlorinated mixture of O-chlorotoluene.
1440g of nitric acid and 2.0g of vanadium pentoxide were heated under reflux for 6h with stirring.
After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled, 200ml of toluene was added, the oil phase was separated, and the aqueous layer was extracted twice by adding 100ml of toluene.
The oil phase and the extract were combined, toluene was distilled off, and the residue was distilled to obtain 36g of O-chlorobenzaldehyde from the 107~110 ℃(4.0kPa) fraction, with a yield of 73.5% based on O-chlorotoluene.

(3) O-chloro-dichlorotoluene was prepared by Catalytic Hydrolysis of O-chloro-dichlorotoluene.
Preparation example 1 0.034g of zinc oxide (1mol of raw material, 0.00084mol) was added to 97.7g of O-chlorotoluene, heated to 110 °c with stirring, and then 9.45ml of water was added slowly, the reaction was carried out at 110-120 ℃ for 1.9h.
After analysis and confirmation that the raw material O-chloro-dichlorotoluene completely disappeared, vacuum distillation was carried out under a nitrogen stream to collect a fraction at 97.1-98.3 ° C. (2.8kPa) to obtain 68.6g of O-chlorobenzaldehyde, with a yield of 97.6% and a content of 99.8%.
Preparation example 2 O-chloro dichlorotoluene 0.3g/min and water vapor 3g/min were added dropwise to the reactor, and 110 of water was added to the reactor in advance, and the water temperature was °c.

The resulting mixture of O-chloro-dichlorotoluene and water vapor was passed through a reaction tube layer of 50g of 5-10 mesh trialumina which had been heated to 118 ° C., and the resulting gas was cooled to obtain a suspension, which was extracted with diethyl ether and dried, the ether was distilled off and distilled under reduced pressure under a nitrogen stream to collect fractions at 96-98 ° C.
(2.93kPa) to obtain 68.8g of O-chlorobenzaldehyde, with a yield of 95.7% and a content of 97.8%.
The Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde side chain by chlorine and phosphorus trichloride chlorination process, Catalytic Hydrolysis, distillation refined.
The preparation method is to use benzaldehyde as a raw material, add a small amount of aluminum trichloride in the solvent dichloroethane as a catalyst for chlorination, and the reaction temperature is 25-30 ° C.
To obtain the product.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde can also be prepared by chlorination and hydrolysis of M-chlorotoluene.

Reactivity Profile
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde reacts with iron and strong oxidizers, strong bases and strong reducing agents.

Health Hazard
Symptoms of exposure to Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde may include skin, eye and upper respiratory tract irritation.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde may cause skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes.
Ortho Chloro benzaldehyde is combustible.

Synonyms
2-Chlorobenzaldehyde
89-98-5
O-CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE
Chlorobenzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde, 2-chloro-
Benzaldehyde, o-chloro-
2-Chlorbenzaldehyd
2-Clorobenzaldeide
o-Chloorbenzaldehyde
2-chloro-benzaldehyde
USAF M-7
2-Chloorbenzaldehyde
o-Chlorobenzenecarboxaldehyde
2-chloro benzaldehyde
BENZALDEHYDE,CHLORO-
NSC 15347
35913-09-8
MFCD00003304
QHR24X1LXK
DTXSID5024764
NSC-15347
2-Chlorbenzaldehyd [German]
o-Chloorbenzaldehyde [Dutch]
2-Chloorbenzaldehyde [Dutch]
2-Clorobenzaldeide [Italian]
CCRIS 5991
Benzaldehyde, chloro-
HSDB 2727
EINECS 201-956-3
UNII-QHR24X1LXK
chlorotoluon
AI3-04254
o-chlorobezaldehyde
2-chlorobezaldehyde
6-chlorobenzaldehyde
o-Chloroformylbenzene
o-chloro benzaldehyde
orthochlorobenzaldehyde
2- chlorobenzaldehyde
2-chlorobenzenaldehyde
NSC 174140
(2-chloro)benzaldehye
ortho-chlorobenzaldehyde
(2-chloro)benzaldehyde
(2-chloro) benzaldehyde
WLN: VHR BG
EC 201-956-3
2-Chlorobenzaldehyde, 99%
SCHEMBL97422
MLS001056242
CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE, O-
DTXCID204764
CHEMBL1547989
AMY39073
NSC15347
STR00143
Tox21_200373
STL146016
AKOS000119188
CS-W003973
CAS-89-98-5
NCGC00091218-01
NCGC00091218-02
NCGC00257927-01
SMR001216556
DS-006490
FT-0611908
FT-0611909
FT-0658390
EN300-19123
D77644
Q2195231
W-100351
2-Chlorobenzaldehyde, purum, dist., >=98.0% (GC)
F2190-0599
Z104472866

o-Chlorobenzenecarboxyaldehyde; OCAD; 2-Chlorobenzene Carbonal; o-Chloorbenzaldehyde; 2-Chloorbenzaldehyde; 2-chlorbenzaldehyd; o-Chlorobenzaldehyde; 2-clorobenzaldeide; 2-Clorobenzaldehído; 2-Chlorobenzaldéhyde CAS:89-98-5

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a broad spectrum fungicide used to protect crops in storage.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is highly soluble in water, moderately voatile but is not expected to be persistent in the environment.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is more selective than other free phenols but does produce phytotoxic effects.

CAS: 90-43-7
MF: C12H10O
MW: 170.21
EINECS: 201-993-5

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol has a role as an environmental food contaminant and an antifungal agrochemical.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol derives from a hydride of a biphenyl.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol, or o-phenylphenol, is an organic compound.
In terms of structure, Ortho Phenyl Phenol is one of the monohydroxylated isomers of biphenyl.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a white solid.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a biocide used as a preservative with E number E231 and under the trade names Dowicide, Torsite, Fungal, Preventol, Nipacide and many others.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a broad spectrum fungicide used to protect crops in storage.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is highly soluble in water, moderately voatile but is not expected to be persistent in the environment.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol has a moderate to low toxicity to biodiversity.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol has a low oral mammalian toxicity, is carcinogenic, a neurotoxin and recognised irritant.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol, or o-phenylphenol, is an organic compound that consists of two linked benzene rings and a phenolic hydroxyl group.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a white or buff-colored, flaky crystalline solid with a melting point of about 57 °C.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a biocide used as a preservative under the trade names Dowicide, Torsite, Preventol, Nipacide and many others.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol or 2-Phenyl Phenol is a widely used chemical in the industrial sector that is known for its antimicrobial properties.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a phenolic compound produced through the condensation of phenol and formaldehyde and is commonly used as a preservative in a variety of applications, including wood preservation, cosmetics and personal care products, textiles, paints and coatings, adhesives, and agricultural products.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is effective at preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, making it a popular choice for companies looking to ensure the safety and quality of their products.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a very widely used organic chemical products, widely used in sterilization, printing and Dyeing auxiliaries and surfactants, synthetic new plastics, resin and polymer materials, stabilizers and flame retardants and other fields.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol and its sodium salt has a broad spectrum of sterilization in addition to mildew, and low toxicity and tasteless, is a good preservative, can be used for fruit and vegetable mold preservation, especially for citrus mold, can also be used for the treatment of lemon, pineapple, pear, peach, tomato, cucumber, etc., can reduce the decay to a minimum.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 57-59 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 282 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.21
Vapor pressure: 7 mm Hg ( 140 °C)
Refractive index: 1.6188 (estimate)
FEMA: 3959 | 2-PHENYLPHENOL
Fp: 255 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, acetone, benzene,sodium hydroxide, chloroform, acetonitrile, toluene, hexane, ligroin, ethyl ether, pyridine, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycol ethers and polyglycols.
Form: Crystalline Flakes
pka: 10.01(at 25℃)
Color: White
Odor: nearly wh. or lt. buff crystals, mild char. sweetish odor
PH: 7 (0.1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 1.4-9.5%(V)
Water Solubility: 0.7 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7304
JECFA Number: 735
BRN: 606907
Stability: Stable. Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, halogens.
InChIKey: LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.18 at 22.5℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 90-43-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: o-Hydroxybiphenyl(90-43-7)
IARC: 3 (Vol. 73) 1999
EPA Substance Registry System: Ortho Phenyl Phenol (90-43-7)

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a white to buff-colored crystalline solid with a distinct odor.
When heated to decomposition, Ortho Phenyl Phenol emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

Uses
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a agriculture fungicide and is no longer used as a food additive.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is remarkably versatile organic chemical products, widely used antiseptic, auxiliaries and surfactant synthesis of new plastics, resins and polymer materials in areas such as stabilizers and flame retardants.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used for the post-harvest control of storage diseases of apples, citrus fruit, stone fruit, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is also used for the protection of textiles and timber and as a fungistat in water-soluble paints.

The primary use of Ortho Phenyl Phenol is as an agricultural fungicide.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is generally applied post-harvest.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a fungicide used for waxing citrus fruits.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is no longer a permitted food additive in the European Union, but is still allowed as a post-harvest treatment in 4 EU countries.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is also used for disinfection of seed boxes.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a general surface disinfectant, used in households, hospitals, nursing homes, farms, laundries, barber shops, and food processing plants.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol can be used on fibers and other materials.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used to disinfect hospital and veterinary equipment.
Other uses are in rubber industry and as a laboratory reagent.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is also used in the manufacture of other fungicides, dye stuffs, resins and rubber chemicals.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is found in low concentrations in some household products such as spray disinfectants and aerosol or spray underarm deodorants.
The sodium salt of Ortho Phenyl Phenol, sodium orthophenyl phenol, is a preservative, used to treat the surface of citrus fruits.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is also used as a fungicide in food packaging and may migrate into the contents.
The primary use of 2-phenylphenol is as an agricultural fungicide.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is generally applied post-harvest.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a fungicide used for waxing citrus fruits.
As a food additive, Ortho Phenyl Phenol has E number E231.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is also used for disinfection of seed boxes.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is a general surface disinfectant, used in households, hospitals, nursing homes, farms, laundries, barber shops, and food processing plants.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol can be used on fibers and other materials.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used to sterilize hospital and veterinary equipment.
Other uses are in rubber industry and as a laboratory reagent.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is also used in the manufacture of other fungicides, dye stuffs, resins and rubber chemicals.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is found in low concentrations in some household products such as spray disinfectants and aerosol or spray underarm deodorants.
Eye contact can cause severe irritation and burns with possible eye damage.
For some individuals, Ortho Phenyl Phenol can also irritate the skin.
The sodium salt of Ortho Phenyl Phenol, sodium orthophenyl phenol, is a preservative, used to treat the surface of citrus fruits to prolong shelf life.
As a food additive, it has the E number E232.

Wood preservation: Ortho Phenyl Phenol is commonly used to protect wooden structures such as bridges, poles, and buildings from decay caused by fungi and insects.
Cosmetics and personal care products: Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used as a preservative in creams, lotions, shampoos, and other similar products to help keep them fresh and free of harmful microorganisms.
Textiles: Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used in the textile industry to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi on fabric.
Paints and coatings: Ortho Phenyl Phenol is added to paint and coatings to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on surfaces.

Adhesives: Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used as a preservative in adhesives to prevent the growth of microorganisms and to maintain their effectiveness over time.
Agricultural products: Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used in agricultural products such as pesticides and herbicides to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria.
Food preservation: Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used as a preservative in some food products, such as fruit juices and syrups, to prevent the growth of microorganisms.
However, please note that the use of Ortho Phenyl phenol in food products may be regulated by local laws and regulations, and it should only be used as directed.
Pharmaceuticals: OPP can be used as a preservative in topical medications or creams as well.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol is used as a carrier, surfactant, antiseptic and dye intermediate for hydrophobic synthetic fibers such as chlorinated polyamide and polyester.
In Japan, 2-hydroxybiphenyl and its sodium salt are used for the fungicide of citrus.
In the wax mixed with 0.8% of the goods, the use of spray method in the citrus after harvest, can also be used with biphenyl, rot blue to a minimum.
The range of fruits allowed to be used in the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada.

Ortho Phenyl Phenol use of O-Phenylphenol at high concentrations is suitable for inhibiting fungal growth (Fungistatic effect) or even for killing fungi (fungicidal effect).
CN200580026288 discloses the use of Ortho Phenyl Phenol and/or its derivatives for inhibiting asexual propagation of fungi, and also relates to filter media, adhesives, building materials, building accessories, fabrics, fur, paper, leather or leather products, as well as detergents, detergents, rinses, hand washes, hand dishwashing agents, automatic dishwashing agents, and for finishing building materials, building accessories, fabrics, fur, paper, reagents for leather or leather products, etc.

Preparation
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is prepared by condensation of cyclohexanone to give cyclohexenylcyclohexanone.
The latter undergoes dehydrogenation to give Ortho Phenyl Phenol.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol can be recovered from the distillation residue of the process of phenol production via sulfonation.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol distillation residue contains about 40% of phenyl phenol with the other components including phenol, inorganic salts, water and so on.
After vacuum distillation, the mixed phenyl phenol fraction is separated out with the vacuum being 53.3-66.7kPa.
The temperature, started to be cut at 65-75 ℃ to until 100 ℃ above, but should not higher than 1345 ℃.
Then take advantage of the solubility difference of ortho, p-hydroxy biphenyl in the trichlorethylene, the two are separated into pure product.
The mixed material (mainly 2-hydroxy biphenyl and 4-hydroxy biphenyl) is heated to be dissolved in the trichlorethylene, after cooling, first precipitate out 4-hydroxy biphenyl crystal.

After centrifuge filtration, dry to obtain 4-hydroxy biphenyl.
The mother liquor was washed with a sodium carbonate solution, followed by dilute alkaline to make the 2-hydroxybiphenyl salt.
After standing stratification, take the upper 2-hydroxybiphenyl sodium salt for dehydration under reduced pressure, namely, sodium salt products.
The 2-hydroxybiphenylsodium salt is white to light red powder, being easily soluble in water with the solubility in 100g of water being 122g.
The pH value of the 2% aqueous solution is 11.1-12.2.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is also easily soluble in acetone, methanol, soluble in glycerol, but insoluble in oil.
The sodium salt of 2-hydroxy biphenyl, after acidification, can lead to the formation of 2-hydroxy biphenyl with both of them being food additives.

Reactivity Profile
Ortho Phenyl Phenol react as a weak organic acid.
Exothermically neutralizes bases.
May react with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides to generate flammable gas (H2) and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas.
Is sulfonated very readily (for example, by concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature) in exothermic reactions.
May be nitrated very rapidly.
Nitrated phenols often explode when heated and also form metal salts that tend toward detonation by rather mild shock.
Can react with oxidizing agents.

Carcinogenicity
IARC classified SOPP as a B2 carcinogen in 1983, based on reports from Japan that high dietary levels of this sodium salt caused bladder tumors in male rats.
Both sodium saccharin and sodium cyclamate also cause bladder tumors at high doses in male rats, but classification of these food additives as B2 carcinogens was recently rescinded by IARC at a meeting in 1998.
The U.S. National Toxicology Program conducted a skin painting study with OPP in groups of 50 mice per sex.
The Ortho Phenyl Phenol was applied as an acetone solution on 3 days per week for 2 years, both alone and as a promoter with DMBA.
No skin neoplasms were observed in either sex treated with OPP alone, and there were no tumor enhancing or inhibiting effects when Ortho Phenyl Phenol and DMBA were given in combination.

Metabolic pathway
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is not used on growing plants because it is too phytotoxic and there appears to be no information published on its metabolism in plants.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol's widespread use as a preservative, disinfectant and fungistat on stored food (either by direct application or impregnated in packaging) requires studies on its environmental fate and metabolism in mammals.
Several studies in mammals are available and the compound has been the subject of an evaluation by the UK MAFF Pesticide Safety Directorate (PSD); the results have been published (PSD, 1993).

This evaluation was prompted by the discovery of bladder tumours in rats treated with high doses of the compound.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol is also used as the sodium and potassium salts where water solublity is important.
No information is available specifically on the latter.
The metabolism of the free phenol and the sodium salt have been studied separately.
Once absorbed into a cell, provided that internal pH control is maintained, the two forms should be indistinguishable.

Toxicity evaluation
Ortho Phenyl Phenol has a moderate to low toxicity to biodiversity.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol has a low oral mammalian toxicity, is carcinogenic, a neurotoxin and recognised irritant.
Ortho Phenyl Phenol and its sodium salt have a low acute toxicity in mammals when administered orally, with LD50 values ranging from 600 to 3500 mg/kg of body weight.

Synonyms
2-Phenylphenol
2-Hydroxybiphenyl
90-43-7
O-PHENYLPHENOL
Biphenyl-2-ol
2-Biphenylol
o-Hydroxybiphenyl
2-Hydroxydiphenyl
o-Hydroxydiphenyl
o-Phenyl phenol
Phenylphenol
Biphenylol
Orthophenylphenol
Orthoxenol
o-Diphenylol
[1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol
Dowicide 1
Torsite
o-Xenol
o-Biphenylol
Preventol O extra
Orthohydroxydiphenyl
Nectryl
(1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol
Tumescal OPE
ortho-Phenylphenol
Remol TRF
Phenol, o-phenyl-
Tetrosin oe
1-Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene
2-Fenylfenol
2-Hydroxybifenyl
o-Xonal
2-Phenyl phenol
Biphenyl, 2-hydroxy-
Invalon OP
Anthrapole 73
2-hydroxy biphenyl
Usaf ek-2219
1,1'-Biphenyl-2-ol
Dowicide
Kiwi lustr 277
Hydroxdiphenyl
(1,1-Biphenyl)-2-ol
o-phenylphenate
o-Phenylphenol, cosmetic grade
Phenyl-2 phenol
Dowicide 1 antimicrobial
Orthophenyl phenol
ortho-phenylphenate
orthohydroxydipbenyl
Biphenyl-2-o1
NCI-C50351
Hydroxybiphenyl
2-Fenylfenol [Czech]
Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene
Caswell No. 623AA
C12H10O
2-Hydroxybifenyl [Czech]
Nipacide OPP
NSC 1548
2-Hydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl
OPP [pesticide]
Tumescal 0PE
2-Phenylphenol [BSI:ISO]
2-Phenylphenol-d5
CCRIS 1388
Phenyl-2 phenol [ISO-French]
HSDB 1753
EINECS 201-993-5
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064103
BRN 0606907
UNII-D343Z75HT8
AI3-00062
CHEMBL108829
DTXSID2021151
CHEBI:17043
D343Z75HT8
NSC-1548
E231
EC 201-993-5
4-06-00-04579 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID201151
Lyorthol
CAS-90-43-7
sodium o-phenylphenoate
sodium ortho-phenylphenol
Stellisept
Rotoline
Xenol
o-phenyl-phenol
2-phenyl-phenol
Tetrosin OE-N
Phenylphenol, 2-
Biphenyl- 2- ol
Amocid (TN)
MFCD00002208
Preventol 3041
ORTOFENILFENOL
Phenol, 2-phenyl-
2-Phenylphenol [C]
Phenylphenol (ortho-)
2-Phenylphenol, 99%
OPP?
PHENYLPHENOL, O-
Hydroxy-2-ph enylbenzene
WLN: QR BR
ORTHO PHENYL PHENOL
[1,1'-bifenil]-2-ol
O-PHENYLPHENOL [MI]
2-Phenylphenol, BSI, ISO
SCHEMBL29811
MLS002415765
2-PHENYLPHENOL [ISO]
BIDD:ER0664
O-PHENYLPHENOL [INCI]
[1,1''-biphenyl]-2-ol
2-PHENYLPHENOL [FHFI]
2-PHENYLPHENOL [HSDB]
FEMA 3959
2-Phenylphenol, >=99%, FG
NSC1548
ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL [IARC]
ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL [MART.]
ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL [WHO-DD]
AMY40390
STR07240
EINECS 262-974-5
Tox21_202415
Tox21_300674
BDBM50308551
ORTHOPHENYL PHENOL (E 231)
STK177354
AKOS000118750
LS-1912
PS-8698
NCGC00091595-01
NCGC00091595-02
NCGC00091595-03
NCGC00091595-04
NCGC00091595-05
NCGC00091595-06
NCGC00254582-01
NCGC00259964-01
2-Phenylphenol 100 microg/mL in Acetone
AC-10362
SMR000778031
2-Phenylphenol 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane
2-Phenylphenol 1000 microg/mL in Acetone
2-Phenylphenol 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
BB 0223993
FT-0654846
P0200
1,1'-BIPHENYL-2-OL; 2-PHENYLPHENOL
EN300-19380
C02499
D08367
E79453
2-Phenylphenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
Q209467
SR-01000944520
SR-01000944520-1
W-100332
F0001-2206
Z104473674
61788-42-9
CH9

cas no 643-79-8 o-Phthalaldehyde; o-Phthalic dicarboxaldehyde; Benzene-1,2-dicarboxaldehyde; OPA;

Ortho Phthalaldehyde Phthalaldehyde (sometimes also o-phthalaldehyde or ortho-phthalaldehyde, Ortho phthalaldehyde) is the chemical compound with the formula C6H4(CHO)2. It is one of three isomers of benzene dicarbaldehyde, related to phthalic acid. This pale yellow solid is a building block in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds and a reagent in the analysis of amino acids. Ortho phthalaldehyde dissolves in water solution at pH < 11.5. Its solutions degrade upon UV illumination and exposure to air. Ortho phthalaldehyde: a possible alternative to glutaraldehyde for high level disinfection Ortho phthalaldehyde (OPA) was tested against a range of organisms including glutaraldehyde-resistant mycobacteria, Bacillus subtilis spores and coat-defective spores. Glutaraldehyde (GTA) and peracetic acid (PAA) were tested for comparative purposes. Both suspension and carrier tests were performed using a range of concentrations and exposure times. All three biocides were very effective (> or = 5 log reduction) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in suspension tests. Ortho phthalaldehyde and GTA (PAA was not tested) were also very effective against Staph. aureus and Ps. aeruginosa in carrier tests. Ortho phthalaldehyde showed good activity against the mycobacteria tested including the two GTA-resistant strains, but 0.5% w/v Ortho phthalaldehyde was found not to be sporicidal. However, limited activity was found with higher concentrations and pH values. Coat-defective spores were more susceptible to Ortho phthalaldehyde, suggesting that the coat may be responsible for this resistance. The findings of this study suggest that Ortho phthalaldehyde is effective against GTA-resistant mycobacteria and that it is a viable alternative to GTA for high level disinfection. USES of Ortho Phthalaldehyde A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids. Synthesis and reactions The compound was first described in 1887 when it was prepared from α,α,α’,α’-tetrachloro-ortho-xylene.[4] A more modern synthesis is similar: the hydrolysis of the related tetrabromo-o-xylene using potassium oxalate, followed by purification by steam distillation.[2] The reactivity of Ortho phthalaldehyde is complicated by the fact that in water it forms both a mono- and dihydrate, C6H4(CHO)(CH(OH)2) and C6H4(CH(OH))2O, respectively. Its reactions with nucleophiles often involves the reaction of both carbonyl groups.[5] Orthophthalaldehyde and hydrated forms 001.png Biochemistry Ortho phthalaldehyde is used in a very sensitive fluorescent reagent for assaying amines or sulfhydryls in solution, notably contained in proteins, peptides, and amino acids, by capillary electrophoresis and chromatography. Ortho phthalaldehyde reacts specifically with primary amines above their isoelectric point Pi in presence of thiols. Ortho phthalaldehyde reacts also with thiols in presence of an amine such as n-propylamine or 2-aminoethanol. The method is spectrometric (fluorescent emission at 436-475 nm (max 455 nm) with excitation at 330-390 nm (max. 340 nm)).[6] Disinfection Ortho phthalaldehyde is commonly used as a high-level disinfectant for medical instruments, commonly sold under the brand names of Cidex Ortho phthalaldehyde or TD-8. Disinfection with Ortho phthalaldehyde is indicated for semi-critical instruments that come into contact with mucous membranes or broken skin, such as specula, laryngeal mirrors, and internal ultrasound probes. Poly(phthalaldehyde) Ortho phthalaldehyde can be polymerized. In the polymer, one of the oxygen atoms forms a bridge to the other non-ring carbon of the same phthalaldehyde unit, while the other bridges to a non-ring carbon of another phthalaldehyde unit. Poly(phthalaldehyde) is used in making a photoresist. In winemaking The Nitrogen by O-Phthaldialdehyde Assay (NOrtho phthalaldehyde) is one of the methods used in winemaking to measure yeast assimilable nitrogen (or YAN) needed by wine yeast in order to successfully complete fermentation.[9] Isomeric phthalaldehydes Related to phthalaldehyde are: isophthalaldehyde (benzene-1,3-dicarbaldehyde; m.p. 87–88 °C, CAS# 626-19-7) terephthalaldehyde (benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde; m.p. 114–116 °C, CAS# 623-27-8) Properties Chemical formula C8H6O2 Molar mass 134.134 g·mol−1 Appearance Yellow solid Density 1.19 g/mL Melting point 55.5 to 56 °C (131.9 to 132.8 °F; 328.6 to 329.1 K)[2] Boiling point 266.1 °C (511.0 °F; 539.2 K) Solubility in water Low Ortho Phthalaldehyde is a known environmental transformation product of Dithianon. Ortho phthalaldehyde is mainly used as a high-level disinfectant (a low-temperature chemical method) for heat-sensitive medical and dental equipment such as endoscopes and thermometers; in recent years, it has gained popularity as a safe and better alternative to glutaraldehyde. There are some researches show, pH7.5 contains the sterilizing agent of Ortho phthalaldehyde 0.5%, and its sterilizing power, sterilization speed, stability and toxicity all are better than glutaraldehyde, can kill mycobacterium in the 5min, the bacterium number reduces by 5 logarithmic value, and Ortho phthalaldehyde is very stable, tasteless in pH3～9 scopes, non-stimulated to human nose, eye mucosa, and need not activate before using, various materials are had good consistency, have tangible microbiocidal activity. USES of Ortho phthalaldehyde Ortho phthalaldehyde can be widely used for precolumn derivatization of amino acids in HPLC separation or Capillary electrophoresis. For flow cytometric measurements of protein thiol groups. Uses Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used for precolumn derivatization of amino acids for HPLC separation and for flow cytometric measurements of protein thiol groups. Uses Precolumn derivatization reagent for primary amines and amino acids. The fluorescent derivative can be detected by reverse-phase HPLC. The reaction requires OPA, primary amine and a sulfhydryl. In the presence of excess sulfhydryl, amines can be quantitated. In the presence of excess amine, sulfhydryls can be quantitated. Uses Disinfectant. Reagent in fluorometric determination of primary amines and thiols. Preparation Ortho phthalaldehyde is a high-level chemical disinfectant that is commonly used for disinfection of dental and medical instruments as an alternative to glutaraldehyde, which is a known skin and respiratory sensitizer. A variety of processes for manufacturing Ortho phthalaldehyde have been reported in the literature. Ortho phthalaldehyde is produced by heating pure benzaldehyde and chloroform with potassium hydroxide solution. The resulting solution is further acidified with hydrochloric acid and cooled to yield a colorless powder of Ortho phthalaldehyde. It is also produced by ozonization of naphthalene in alcohol followed by catalytic hydrogenation. Catalytic oxidation of various chemicals is also used in manufacturing Ortho phthalaldehyde. Ortho phthalaldehyde can be manufactured by oxidation of phthalan by nitrogen monoxide in acetonitrile with N-hydroxyphthalimide as the catalyst to yield 80% to 90%. Ortho phthalaldehyde is a pale, yellow crystal or colorless powder. It is soluble in water. USE: Ortho phthalaldehyde is used as a disinfectant, mainly for dental and medical equipment. EXPOSURE: Workers that produce or use Ortho phthalaldehyde may have direct skin contact. The general population may be exposed by contact with residual disinfectant. If Ortho phthalaldehyde is released to the environment, it will be broken down in air by reaction with hydroxyl radicals. It may be broken down in the air by sunlight. It will not volatilize into air from soil or water surfaces. It is expected to move easily through soil. It is not expected to build up in fish. RISK: Irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract as well as asthma and allergic skin rashes have been reported in some healthcare workers that routinely use Ortho phthalaldehyde to disinfect equipment. Severe anaphylactic allergic reactions have been reported in some patients exposed to equipment disinfected with Ortho phthalaldehyde. Discoloration of the mouth and throat, burning of the throat, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may occur with ingestion. Damage to the nose, throat, lung, skin, and eyes were observed in laboratory animals following repeated exposure to low air levels of Ortho phthalaldehyde, damage was severe at moderate air levels and some animals died. Several alterations in the blood were also observed. Damage to the gastrointestinal tract, irregular breathing, impaired movement, and changes in the blood were observed in laboratory animals given moderate oral doses. Some animals died at high oral doses. No evidence of abortion or birth defects were noted in laboratory animals exposed to Ortho phthalaldehyde during pregnancy, but delayed bone development was observed at high doses that made the mothers sick. Data on the potential for Ortho phthalaldehyde to cause infertility in laboratory animals were not available. However, damage to the testis and reduced sperm counts and motility were observed in male animals following repeated exposure to low air levels of Ortho phthalaldehyde. Data on the potential for Ortho phthalaldehyde to cause cancer in laboratory animals were not available. The potential for Ortho phthalaldehyde to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 14th Report on Carcinogens. For Ortho phthalaldehyde (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 129017) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the USA, but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. Recently, the use of ortho phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been increasing as an alternative to glutaraldehyde(GA)for endoscope disinfection. We detected development of bronchial asthma and contact dermatitis in health care workers (HCW) employed in an endoscopy unit. ... Two of 83 health care workers described mild eye irritation, but no contact dermatitis or bronchitis had newly developed. Three sampling and analytical methods have been developed and evaluated for Ortho phthalaldehyde (OPA): (1) an HPLC-UV method for Ortho phthalaldehyde in air, (2) a fluorimetric method for Ortho phthalaldehyde on surfaces, and (3) a colorimetric method for Ortho phthalaldehyde on surfaces. (1) The air sampler contains 350 mg of silica gel coated with 1 mg of acidified 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH). Air sampling may be conducted at 0.03 to 1.0 L/min for periods up to 8 hr. Samples were eluted with ethyl acetate, and the eluents were allowed to stand for 72 hr. Analysis was by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a UV detector set at 369 nm. An unusual phenomenon was the observation that the stability of the sample on a sampler at 3 degrees C tends to decrease as the total quantity of Ortho phthalaldehyde collected on the sampler decreases. Elution of the samples within 24 hr of air sampling is required. The detection limit (LOD) is approximately 0.02 ug of Ortho phthalaldehyde per sample. Ortho phthalaldehyde on surfaces may be collected with strips cut from a sheet of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA wipe). (2) In the surface wipe method with analysis by fluorescence measurement, the strips of PVA wipe were placed into dimethyl sulfoxide. An aliquot was treated with aqueous N-acetyl-l-cysteine and ethylenediamine. Analysis was performed with a portable fluorometer (excitation and emission wavelengths = 365 nm and 438 nm, respectively). The LOD is 0.2 ug per sample. (3) In the surface wipe method with visual colorimetric detection, the strips of PVA wipe were placed into 30:70 acetonitrile:water. An aliquot was treated with N-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine in 0.1 m sulfuric acid. After color development, the LOD is approximately 48 ug per sample. These methods have been field tested in a hospital. A simple high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method and a highly sensitive gas chromatography mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method have been established for the determination of Ortho phthalaldehyde (OPA) in water. These methods are based on the derivatization of Ortho phthalaldehyde with hydrazine in water. The following optimum reaction conditions were established: reagent dosage, 20 mg/mL of hydrazine; pH 2; reaction for 20 min at 70 °C. The organic derivative was detected directly by HPLC or after the extraction with methylene chloride/concentration by GC-MS. The limit of detection of Ortho phthalaldehyde in water was 4.0 and 0.3 ug/L by HPLC and GC-MS, respectively. The calibration curve showed good linearity with r2 = 0.9993 and r2 = 0.9994 by HPLC and GC-MS, respectively, the accuracy was in a range of 95-105%, and the precision of the assay was less than 13% in water. The HPLC method was simple and reproducible enough to permit the Ortho phthalaldehyde content analysis in the disinfectant products, and the GC-MS method is sensitive enough to permit reliable analysis of Ortho phthalaldehyde to the ug/L level in environmental water. 2018 Notice of Intended Changes (NIC): These substances, with their corresponding values and notations, comprise those for which (1) a limit is proposed for the first time, (2) a change in the Adopted value is proposed, (3) retention as an NIC is proposed, or (4) withdrawal of the Documentation and adopted TLV is proposed. In each case, the proposals should be considered trial values during the period they are on the NIC. These proposals were ratified by the ACGIH Board of Directors and will remain on the NIC for approximately one year following this ratification. If the Committee neither finds nor receives any substantive data that changes its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may then approve its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for adoption. If the Committee finds or receives substantive data that change its scientific opinion regarding an NIC TLV, the Committee may change its recommendation to the ACGIH Board of Directors for the matter to be either retained on or withdrawn from the NIC. Substance: Ortho Phthalaldehyde; Time Weighted Avg (TWA): Surface Limit 0.025 mg/100 sq cm; Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL): Ceiling 0.0001 ppm (vapor fraction); Notations: Skin, Dermal Sensitization, Respiratory Sensitization; Molecular Weight: 134.10; TLV Basis: Eye, skin & respiratory tract irritation; respiratory sensitization; anaphylaxis. IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Ortho Phthalaldehyde (Ortho phthalaldehyde) is used as disinfectant and reagent in fluorometric determination of primary amines and thiols. HUMAN STUDIES: Ortho phthalaldehyde is a commonly used solution for rapid sterilization of medical equipment. Cases of anaphylaxis following cystoscopy with endoscopes sterilized with this agent have been reported. Ortho phthalaldehyde-induced anaphylaxis following laryngoscopy have also been described. In these patients, Ortho phthalaldehyde-specific IgE was detected in the serum. Contact dermatitis occurred in 4 workers of the endoscopy unit, one of whom also developed asthma. Among 80 female disinfection workers who used only antiseptic solutions containing Ortho phthalaldehyde, the incidence of disinfection-related complaints were 10% skin, 9% eye, and 16% respiratory symptoms. ANIMAL STUDIES: In male mice, injected Ortho phthalaldehyde induced specific IgE and IgG in the sera, suggesting that Ortho phthalaldehyde acts as a hapten. Overall, Ortho phthalaldehyde caused acute inflammation and acted as a haptenic allergen, although it caused only mild liver injury. In mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA), Ortho phthalaldehyde enhanced the OVA-induced recruitment of neutrophils to the lung and the production of allergen-specific IgE, suggesting that Ortho phthalaldehyde acts as an immunological adjuvant. The major targets from Ortho phthalaldehyde exposure in rats and mice included the respiratory system (nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, and lung), skin, eye, testis, and epididymis. The most sensitive measure of Ortho phthalaldehyde inhalation toxicity in male and female rats and mice was significantly increased incidences of nasal cavity lesions (lowest-observable-effect concentration = 0.44 ppm). Ortho phthalaldehyde was mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strain TA100 in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation; no mutagenicity was seen in TA100 with metabolic activation or in TA98 or Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101, with or without metabolic activation. Iatrogenic injury from medical disinfectants is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication. We report an unusual, but severe, upper aerodigestive complication from the use of Ortho phthalaldehyde solution, a commonly used endoscope disinfectant. Ortho phthalaldehyde (Cidex Ortho phthalaldehyde) is a commonly used solution for rapid sterilization of flexible endoscopic equipment. We report two cases of anaphylaxis following cystoscopy with endoscopes sterilized with this agent. Only a handful of such reactions have been reported in the published literature, the majority of which are in the bladder cancer population undergoing surveillance cystoscopy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical presentation of two cases of anaphylaxis following flexible cystoscopy with instruments sterilized with Ortho phthalaldehyde. We further describe their subsequent evaluation by an allergy and immunology specialist who performed skin testing to confirm a suspected Ortho phthalaldehyde allergy. RESULTS: Both patients were skin test positive to Ortho phthalaldehyde antigen. As a result, sterilization techniques for our flexible endoscopes has been altered. To date, no further anaphylactic reactions have occurred in our bladder cancer patients, including the two cases presented herein following subsequent cystoscopic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Ortho phthalaldehyde-sterilized cystoscopes have been associated with anaphylactic reactions in a small number of patients who have undergone repeated cystoscopy. The manufacturer has already made recommendations to avoid this agent in bladder cancer patients. It may be prudent to extend this practice to other populations undergoing repeat cystoscopy. Ortho phthalaldehyde (OPA) has recently been used as a disinfectant for various medical apparatuses. Ortho phthalaldehyde is not generally recognized as a potential allergen. CASE SUMMARY: Subsequent to our recent report describing a patient presenting with Ortho phthalaldehyde-induced anaphylaxis following laryngoscopy, we experienced two more such cases. In all three cases, the basophil histamine release test was useful for identifying the allergen as Ortho phthalaldehyde. Ortho phthalaldehyde-specific IgE was successfully detected in the serum of the patients by ELISA. DISCUSSION: Physicians and co-medical workers need to be aware of potential allergens to which patients may be exposed during routine medical procedures. Because body fluids and blood have a tendency to adhere to transesophageal echo devices, a high level of sterilization is required when cleaning them. Ortho phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been widely used in Japan since being approved as a high-level sterilant. The authors report a patient with widespread, severe skin and mucous membrane damage of the lip, tongue, pharynx and esophagus areas that was attributed to inadequate washing after the sterilization of a transesophageal echo device with Ortho phthalaldehyde. This patient experienced sequelae, which did not improve after more than 1 year of continuous treatment. When using medical devices sterilized with Ortho phthalaldehyde, the use of a probe cover, when applicable, is recommended and complete washing prior to use is required. Acute Exposure/ Although Ortho phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been suggested as an alternative to glutaraldehyde for the sterilization and disinfection of hospital equipment, the toxicity has not been thoroughly investigated. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the irritancy and sensitization potential of Ortho phthalaldehyde. The EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test was used to evaluate in vitro irritancy potential of Ortho phthalaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. Treatment with 0.4125 and 0.55% Ortho phthalaldehyde induced irritation, while glutaraldehyde exposure at these concentrations did not. Consistent with the in vitro results, Ortho phthalaldehyde induced irritancy, evaluated by ear swelling, when mice were treated with 0.75%. Initial evaluation of the sensitization potential was conducted using the local lymph node assay at concentrations ranging from 0.005 to 0.75%. A concentration-dependent increase in lymphocyte proliferation was observed with a calculated EC3 value of 0.051% compared to that of 0.089%, previously determined for glutaraldehyde. Immunoglobulin (Ig) E-inducing potential was evaluated by phenotypic analysis of draining lymph node (DLN) cells and measurement of total and specific serum IgE levels. The 0.1 and 0.75% exposed groups yielded significant increases in the IgE+B220+ cell population in the lymph nodes while the 0.75% treated group demonstrated significant increases in total IgE, Ortho phthalaldehyde-specific IgE, and Ortho phthalaldehyde-specific IgG(1). In addition, significant increases in interleukin-4 messenger RNA and protein expression in the DLNs were observed in Ortho phthalaldehyde-treated groups. The results demonstrate the dermal irritancy and allergic potential of Ortho phthalaldehyde and raise concern about the proposed/intended use of Ortho phthalaldehyde as a safe alternative to glutaraldehyde. Acute Exposure/ Ortho phthalaldehyde (OPA) has been used as a safe alternative disinfectant instead of glutaraldehyde; however, recently some adverse effects of Ortho phthalaldehyde were reported in patients and medical professions. We examined the acute toxicity of Ortho phthalaldehyde in male ICR mice injected with 0.125-0.5% Ortho phthalaldehyde and killed some animals 1 day after a single Ortho phthalaldehyde injection, and others 1 or 13 days after two Ortho phthalaldehyde injections 5 days apart. Hematology, blood cell counts, specific antibody production, organ weights, hepatic enzymes, hepatic histOrtho phthalaldehydethology and gene expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP) mRNA in liver were examined. Single Ortho phthalaldehyde injections elevated leukocyte counts, the proportion of neutrophils, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Two Ortho phthalaldehyde injections dose-dependently increased leukocyte counts, the proportion of neutrophils, ALT and AST, and decreased alkaline phosphatase. Leukocyte counts and proportions of neutrophils normalized 13 days after the second of two injections. However, both ALT and AST remained high in mice given higher Ortho phthalaldehyde doses. Significant increased liver-to-body weight ratio and mild hepatic lesions were observed. Gene expression of CYP1a1 and CYP2e1 revealed a tendency of up-regulation 1 day after two Ortho phthalaldehyde injections. However, expression of these genes was then down-regulated 13 days after Ortho phthalaldehyde injections. Ortho phthalaldehyde induced specific IgE and IgG significantly in the sera, suggesting that Ortho phthalaldehyde acts as a hapten. Overall, Ortho phthalaldehyde caused acute inflammation and acted as a haptenic allergen, although it caused only mild liver injury. Such evidence suggested that careful washing and prevention of exposure were needed after Ortho phthalaldehyde disinfection of medical instruments. Developmental or Reproductive Toxicity/ The general population is exposed to phthalates through consumer products, diet, and medical devices. Phthalic acid (PA) is a common final metabolite of phthalates, and its isomers include isophthalic acid (IPA), terephthalic acid (TPA), and phthalaldehyde (o-phthalic acid, Ortho phthalaldehyde). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether PA and PA isomers exert reproductive toxicity, including altered sperm movement. In vitro cell viability assays were comparatively performed using Sertoli and liver cell lines. In animal experiments, PA or PA isomers (10, 100, or 1000 mg/kg) were administered orally to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, and semen samples were analyzed by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA). PA treatment produced a significant effect on curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight-line velocity (VSL), mean velocity or average path velocity (VAP), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), and frequency of head displacement or beat cross-frequency (BCF), whereas IPA, TPA, and Ortho phthalaldehyde induced no marked effects. In vitro cell viability assays showed that mouse normal testis cells (TM4) and human testis cancer cells (NTERA 2 cl. D1) were more sensitive to PA and Ortho phthalaldehyde than mouse liver normal cells (NCTC clone 1469) and human fetal liver cells (FL 62891). Our study suggests that PA and PA isomers specifically produced significant in vitro and in vivo reproductive toxicity, particularly sperm toxicity and testis cell cytotoxicity. Of the isomers examined, PA appeared to be the most toxic and may serve as a surrogate biomarker for reproductive toxicity following mixed exposure to phthalates. Neurotoxicity/ Glutaraldehyde (GA) and ortho-phtalaldehyde (Ortho phthalaldehyde) have been widely used as major components of disinfectants in hospitals. We evaluated the alterations in GA or Ortho phthalaldehyde in rats after subacute inhalation exposure by determining levels of neurotransmitters (norepinephrine [NE], dOrtho phthalaldehydemine [DA], DA metabolites, dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [DOrtho phthalaldehydeC] and homovanillic acid [HVA], indoleamine serotonin [5-HT] and 5-HT metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid [5-HIAA]) in discrete brain regions using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an electrochemical detector. Female Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 50, 100, or 200 ppb gaseous GA or Ortho phthalaldehyde by inhalation for 1 hr per day, 5 d per week for 4 wk. Following the exposure, the brain of each rat was removed and dissected into cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, midbrain, corpus striatum and hypothalamus. The neurotransmitters and their metabolites were extracted from each brain region, and determined by HPLC. Regarding GA, the daily water intake of the 50 or the 200 ppb exposed groups was significantly lower than that of the control. DA and 5-HIAA levels in the medulla oblongata among the GA exposed groups were significantly lower than those of the control. For Ortho phthalaldehyde, the mean final body weight and daily food intake of the 100 or 200 ppb exposed groups were significantly lower than those of the control. The mean DA concentrations in the cerebrum in the groups exposed to Ortho phthalaldehyde were significantly lower than those of the control. Ortho phthalaldehyde may modulate DA metabolism in the cerebrum of female rats. The levels GA or Ortho phthalaldehyde that induced alienations in neurotransmitters were comparable to those levels usually found in hospitals, further studies are warranted to evaluate the of safety of disinfectants containing GA or Ortho phthalaldehyde. Groups of 10 male and 10 female rats and mice were exposed to Ortho Phthalaldehyde at concentrations of 0, 0.44, 0.88, 1.75, 3.5, or 7.0 ppm, 6 hours plus T90 (17 minutes) per day, 5 days per week for 14 weeks; additional groups of 10 male and 10 female clinical pathology study rats were exposed to the same concentrations for 23 days. All rats exposed to 7.0 ppm died by the end of week 2 of the study, and seven males and two females exposed to 3.5 ppm died by week 7 of the study. All mice exposed to 7.0 ppm died during week 1 of the study, and five males and four females exposed to 3.5 ppm died by week 6 of the study. Clinical observations in rats and mice included abnormal breathing, sneezing, and thinness, with increasing frequency in higher exposure groups. In rats, clinical observations also included black discoloration of the appendages (pinnae and/or feet), which was noted throughout the study in male and female rats exposed to 3.5 ppm or greater. Clinical observations in mice also included alopecia. Mean body weights of all surviving exposed groups of male rats and 1.75 and 3.5 ppm female rats were significantly less than those of the chamber controls. Mean body weights of all surviving exposed groups of male and female mice were significantly less than those of the chamber controls, and 3.5 ppm males lost weight during the study. In the hematopoietic system of rats, decreases in lymphocyte counts in males and females coincided with increases in neutrophil counts. These alterations in lymphocyte and neutrophil counts were consistent with stress and inflammation. Decreased lymphocyte counts corresponded to lymphoid atrophy in the thymus and spleen. Within the erythron, the erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentrations, hematocrit values, and packed cell volumes were significantly elevated in both male and female rats at all time points. Erythron increases at the earlier time points were consistent with a physiological hemoconcentration, while increases at study termination may have been due to hypoxia with a resultant secondary erythrocytosis. In the hematopoietic system of mice, the total leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, as well as neutrophil and eosinophil counts, were increased in males at study termination. Similarly, female mice had increased total leukocyte, neutrophil, and eosinophil counts. The increases in the leukon were generally consistent with inflammation. Hemoglobin concentrations, erythrocyte counts, hematocrit values, and packed cell volumes were decreased in male and female mice. The decreases in the erythron were most likely due to bone marrow suppression as a result of the chronic inflammation in the respiratory tract. Inhalation exposure to Ortho Phthalaldehyde resulted in a spectrum of lesions at sites of contact within the respiratory tract (nose, larynx, trachea, and lung), skin, and eye that were generally consistent with an irritant effect. In general, exposure of rats and mice to Ortho Phthalaldehyde resulted in lesions throughout the respiratory tract that included necrosis, inflammation, regeneration, hyperplasia, and metaplasia, ranging from minimal to moderate in severity. In general, histologic findings occurred at deeper sites within the respiratory tract with increasing exposure concentration. The first site of contact, the nose, was most affected, with many lesions occurring at the lowest exposure concentration (0.44 ppm) in male and female rats and mice. Laryngeal lesions occurred at all exposure concentrations in rats and at 0.88 ppm or greater in mice. Tracheal findings were first noted at a variety of exposure concentrations. Lung findings were most prevalent at the two highest exposure concentrations (3.5 and 7.0 ppm) in rats and mice. In the skin, there were significant increases in adnexa degeneration and epithelial parakeratosis in both male and female rats and mice. In the eye, there were significant increases in suppurative inflammation of the anterior chamber and cornea, as well as corneal necrosis in male and female rats. Rats exposed to Ortho Phthalaldehyde exhibited lower cauda epididymis, epididymis, and testis weights. In rats, total sperm/cauda exhibited a negative trend and sperm motility was lower. There were no histOrtho phthalaldehydethologic correlates identified that could explain the observed responses in sperm parameters, or the weight changes in the testis or epididymis. However, in the higher dose groups where morbidity and mortality were observed, testicular and epididymal histOrtho phthalaldehydethologic lesions were noted. In the testes, these lesions included significant increases in the incidences of elongated spermatid degeneration, apoptosis of the germinal epithelium, and interstitial cell atrophy.

Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) is a chemical compound with the formula C8H6O2.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is a white to pale yellow solid that is commonly used as a disinfectant and sterilant.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is known for its high antimicrobial activity and broad-spectrum efficacy against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mycobacteria.

CAS Number: 643-79-8
EC Number: 211-745-1



APPLICATIONS


The chemical ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) has various applications, including:

Disinfection of medical equipment:
Ortho phthalaldehyde is commonly used in healthcare settings to disinfect and sterilize medical instruments, including endoscopes, surgical tools, and respiratory devices.

High-level disinfection:
Ortho phthalaldehyde is an effective alternative to glutaraldehyde for high-level disinfection processes.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is used to kill or inactivate a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mycobacteria.

Water treatment:
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be utilized in water treatment processes to eliminate harmful microorganisms, ensuring the safety and purity of drinking water.

Industrial applications:
Ortho phthalaldehyde is used in various industrial applications, including oilfield operations, where it can help control microbial growth and prevent biofilm formation.

Surface disinfection:
Ortho phthalaldehyde is effective in disinfecting surfaces in healthcare facilities, laboratories, and other environments where microbial contamination is a concern.

Cold sterilization:
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used for cold sterilization processes, meaning sterilization can be achieved without the use of heat, making it suitable for temperature-sensitive medical equipment.

Biofilm control:
Ortho phthalaldehyde has been found to be effective in combating biofilm formation, which is a common problem in healthcare settings and industrial environments.

Emerging pathogens:
Ortho phthalaldehyde has been evaluated for its efficacy against emerging pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.

Veterinary applications:
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used in veterinary medicine for disinfection and sterilization of equipment and surfaces.

Laboratory and research applications:
Ortho phthalaldehyde is utilized in laboratories for disinfection of instruments, glassware, and other surfaces to maintain a sterile and controlled environment.

Research and development:
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used as a chemical reagent in organic synthesis and in the development of new compounds.

Analytical chemistry:
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be employed as a derivatization agent for the analysis of various compounds, including amino acids and carbohydrates, in analytical chemistry techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC).

Pharmaceuticals:
Ortho phthalaldehyde may be used in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.

Photochemistry:
Ortho phthalaldehyde has been studied for its potential application in photochemical reactions and photodynamic therapy due to its unique chemical properties.

Industrial chemical processes:
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be utilized in certain industrial chemical processes as a reagent or intermediate compound.


Ortho-phthalaldehyde is widely used as a high-level disinfectant for medical instruments in healthcare facilities.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is commonly used for the disinfection and sterilization of endoscopes, ensuring patient safety during medical procedures.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is effective against a broad range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mycobacteria.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is utilized for cold sterilization processes, eliminating the need for heat and preserving the integrity of temperature-sensitive equipment.

Ortho phthalaldehyde finds application in the disinfection of respiratory therapy equipment, including ventilator circuits and face masks.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is used in dental settings for the disinfection and sterilization of dental instruments and equipment.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is employed in laboratories for the disinfection of glassware, surfaces, and equipment to maintain sterile conditions.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Ortho phthalaldehyde may be used in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.

Ortho phthalaldehyde can serve as a chemical reagent in research and development activities for organic synthesis.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is utilized as a derivatization agent in analytical chemistry techniques for the analysis of amino acids and carbohydrates.

Ortho phthalaldehyde has been studied for its potential application in photodynamic therapy and photochemical reactions.
In the food industry, Ortho phthalaldehyde may find limited use in equipment disinfection where other disinfectants are not suitable.

Ortho phthalaldehyde can be employed in water treatment processes to control microbial growth and ensure water safety.
Ortho phthalaldehyde may find use in the disinfection of veterinary equipment and surfaces in veterinary clinics.

Ortho phthalaldehyde has been evaluated for its efficacy against emerging pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19.
In the research field, OPA can be used as a chemical tool in various experimental setups and protocols.
Ortho phthalaldehyde may have limited applications in certain industrial chemical processes as a reagent or intermediate compound.

Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used for the disinfection and sterilization of tattoo and piercing equipment.
OPA may find limited use in the disinfection of beauty salon tools and equipment.

Ortho phthalaldehyde can be utilized in the disinfection of contact lenses and associated equipment.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is employed in ophthalmology clinics for the disinfection of ophthalmic instruments.

Ortho phthalaldehyde may find use in the disinfection of surgical implants and prosthetic devices.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used for the disinfection of catheters and other urinary devices.
Ortho phthalaldehyde may find application in the disinfection of hemodialysis equipment and supplies.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is utilized for the disinfection and sterilization of reusable medical supplies and devices in various healthcare settings.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is used in ambulatory care settings for the disinfection and sterilization of medical devices and equipment used in outpatient procedures.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be employed in veterinary clinics for the disinfection of veterinary surgical instruments and equipment.

Ortho phthalaldehyde may find application in research laboratories for the disinfection of laboratory animal cages, water systems, and related equipment.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used in the biotechnology industry for the disinfection of laboratory-scale bioreactors and associated components.

Ortho phthalaldehyde may be utilized in the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry for the disinfection of small-scale equipment used in drug production.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is employed in research facilities and universities for the disinfection of laboratory hoods, benches, and workspaces.

Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used for the disinfection of post-mortem examination tools and equipment in forensic pathology.
Ortho phthalaldehyde may find application in the disinfection of surgical dressing materials and wound care supplies.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is utilized in assisted living facilities and nursing homes for the disinfection of medical equipment and devices.

Ortho phthalaldehyde can be employed in rehabilitation centers for the disinfection of therapy equipment and devices.
Ortho phthalaldehyde may find use in sports medicine clinics for the disinfection of athletic training equipment and supplies.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is used in dermatology clinics for the disinfection of dermatoscopes and related instruments.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be employed in fertility clinics for the disinfection of ultrasound probes and fertility treatment equipment.

Ortho phthalaldehyde may find application in podiatry clinics for the disinfection of podiatric instruments and equipment.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is utilized in mobile healthcare units and medical missions for the disinfection of portable medical equipment and supplies.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used for the disinfection of chiropractic tables and equipment in chiropractic clinics.

Ortho phthalaldehyde may find use in occupational health settings for the disinfection of occupational therapy and physiotherapy equipment.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is employed in school health services for the disinfection of health office equipment and supplies.

Ortho phthalaldehyde can be utilized in blood banks and transfusion centers for the disinfection of blood collection and processing equipment.
Ortho phthalaldehyde may find application in research facilities for the disinfection of laboratory animal research equipment and facilities.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is used in emergency medical services (EMS) for the disinfection of emergency response equipment and vehicles.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be employed in dental laboratories for the disinfection of dental prostheses and laboratory instruments.

Ortho phthalaldehyde may find use in eye care clinics for the disinfection of ophthalmic diagnostic equipment and devices.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is utilized in radiology departments for the disinfection of imaging equipment and accessories.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used for the disinfection of specialized medical equipment, such as bronchoscopes, gastroscopes, and colonoscopes.



DESCRIPTION


Ortho-phthalaldehyde (OPA) is a chemical compound with the formula C8H6O2.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is a white to pale yellow solid that is commonly used as a disinfectant and sterilant.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is known for its high antimicrobial activity and broad-spectrum efficacy against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mycobacteria.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is often used in healthcare settings to disinfect medical equipment, such as endoscopes and surgical instruments.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is also used in various industrial applications, including water treatment and oilfield operations.

Ortho-phthalaldehyde is a highly effective disinfectant and sterilant.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is a white to pale yellow solid with a distinctive odor.
Ortho phthalaldehyde has a molecular formula of C8H6O2.

Ortho-phthalaldehyde is soluble in organic solvents like ethanol and acetone.
Ortho phthalaldehyde exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against various pathogens.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is commonly used in healthcare settings to disinfect medical equipment.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is particularly effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and mycobacteria.

Ortho-phthalaldehyde is an alternative to glutaraldehyde for high-level disinfection.
Ortho phthalaldehyde has a shorter contact time and lower toxicity compared to glutaraldehyde.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is often used to sterilize endoscopes and surgical instruments.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can also be employed in water treatment processes to eliminate harmful microorganisms.
Ortho-phthalaldehyde has been found to be effective against biofilms.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is stable and remains active over a wide range of pH levels.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is not affected by the presence of organic matter.

Ortho-phthalaldehyde is considered less irritating to the skin and respiratory system compared to other disinfectants.
Ortho phthalaldehyde is not classified as a carcinogen by regulatory agencies.

Ortho phthalaldehyde has low volatility, reducing the risk of inhalation exposure.
Ortho-phthalaldehyde has a long shelf life and can be stored for extended periods.

Ortho phthalaldehyde is compatible with a wide range of materials commonly found in healthcare settings.
Ortho phthalaldehyde has been used in various industries, including oilfield operations.

Ortho-phthalaldehyde has been found to be effective against drug-resistant bacteria.
Ortho phthalaldehyde can be used in cold sterilization processes without the need for heat.

Ortho phthalaldehyde has been evaluated for its efficacy against emerging pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2.
Ortho-phthalaldehyde has been extensively researched and studied for its antimicrobial properties.
Ortho phthalaldehyde continues to be an important tool in infection control and prevention.



PROPERTIES


Chemical formula: C8H6O2
Molecular weight: 134.13 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Characteristic aromatic odor
Melting point: 0-1 °C (32-34 °F)
Boiling point: 282 °C (540 °F)
Density: 1.24 g/cm3
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, and organic solvents
pH: Neutral to slightly acidic
Flash point: 141 °C (286 °F)
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg at 145 °C (293 °F)
Viscosity: 3.5 cP at 20 °C (68 °F)
Refractive index: 1.588 at 20 °C (68 °F)
Autoignition temperature: 550 °C (1,022 °F)
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Reactivity: May react with strong oxidizing agents
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: May cause skin and eye irritation, harmful if swallowed or inhaled
Biodegradability: Biodegradable under certain conditions
Storage conditions: Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and incompatible substances
Handling precautions: Use appropriate protective measures, including gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Environmental impact: May be harmful to aquatic organisms. Dispose of properly according to local regulations.
pH stability: Effective at a wide pH range, including acidic and alkaline conditions
Residual activity: Provides residual disinfection properties even after drying
Compatibility: Compatible with a range of materials commonly used in healthcare settings, including stainless steel, aluminum, plastics, and elastomers.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air and ensure they are in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration and seek medical help.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness occurs, gently wash the area with mild soap and water.
If symptoms persist or if the substance has been absorbed through the skin, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, after rinsing for the first 5 minutes.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if the person does not experience immediate discomfort or pain.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water and provide the affected person with small sips of water to drink.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide the medical staff with information about the ingested substance.

Additional First Aid Measures:

If a person has been exposed to a large amount of ortho-phthalaldehyde or exhibits severe symptoms, call emergency services immediately.
Provide comfort and reassurance to the affected person while waiting for medical help.
If possible, have the container or label of the substance available for reference to provide accurate information to medical professionals.
Do not administer any medication or treatment without proper medical guidance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling Conditions:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate protective equipment, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and a lab coat or protective clothing, to minimize the risk of exposure.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to ensure the dispersal of any potential vapors or fumes.

Avoid Direct Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact with Ortho phthalaldehyde by using proper handling techniques and tools such as pipettes, tongs, or appropriate containers.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling OPA.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke in areas where OPA is handled.


Storage Conditions:

Store in a Cool Area:
Keep Ortho phthalaldehyde in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames.

Temperature Control:
Store at room temperature or below. Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures or rapid temperature changes.

Container Integrity:
Keep Ortho phthalaldehyde in tightly sealed and properly labeled containers to prevent leaks or spills.

Separation from Incompatible Substances:
Store Ortho phthalaldehyde away from oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases, as well as reactive or incompatible materials.

Secure Storage:
Ensure proper storage conditions to prevent accidental access or use by unauthorized individuals, particularly in settings where Ortho phthalaldehyde may pose a risk.

Protect from Moisture:
Keep Ortho phthalaldehyde containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption, as it can affect the quality and stability of the substance.

Separate from Food and Beverages:
Store Ortho phthalaldehyde away from food, beverages, and animal feed to prevent cross-contamination.

Proper Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the name of the substance, hazard symbols, handling precautions, and other relevant information as required by local regulations.

Storage Duration:
Follow the manufacturer's recommendations and local regulations regarding the storage duration of Ortho phthalaldehyde.
Dispose of expired or deteriorated material properly.



SYNONYMS


1,2-Benzenedicarboxaldehyde
1,2-Phthalic aldehyde
Phthalaldehyde
OPA
O-phthalaldehyde
Orthophthalic aldehyde
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxaldehyde
Orthobenzaldehyde
1,2-Benzenedicarbaldehyde
Benzene-1,2-dialdehyde
2-Formylbenzaldehyde
Phthaldehydic acid
Benzene-1,2-diformyl
1,2-Diformylbenzene
Benzene ortho-dialdehyde
Phthaldehydic aldehyde
Benzene-1,2-dicarbonal
1,2-Dicarbonylbenzene
Phthaldialdehyde
OPA-5
1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic aldehyde
2-Formylbenzenecarboxaldehyde
2-Formylbenzaldehyde
o-Phthaldialdehyde
Benzene-o-dialdehyde
2-Phthaldialdehyde
o-Phthaldehyde
Benzene-1,2-dicarbaldehyde
Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylic aldehyde
Benzene-o-diformyl
1,2-Benzenedicarboxyaldehyde
1,2-Diformylbenzene
o-Phthalic aldehyde
2-Formylphthalic acid
Phthalaldehyde-5
Phthalaldehyde-2
Benzene-1,2-diyl-bis-methanol
o-Benzenedicarboxaldehyde
1,2-Benzendicarboxaldehyde
Benzene-o-dicarboxaldehyde
Benzene-1,2-diylaldehyde
o-Phthaldic aldehyde
2-Formylbenzene-1,2-dicarboxaldehyde
Benzene-1,2-diylglycol
Orthophthalaldehyde-5
Phthalaldehyde-ortho
2-Formyl-1,2-benzenedicarboxaldehyde
2-Formyl-1,2-benzenedicarbaldehyde
o-Phthaloylaldehyde
2-Formyl-1,2-dihydroxybenzene
1,2-Benzenedicarbonal
2-Formylphthalic aldehyde
Benzene-o-carbaldehyde
Phthalic aldehyde
Orthobenzoylaldehyde
2-Formyl-1,2-dihydroxybenzene
Benzene-1,2-diformylmethane
Benzene-o-dicarbonal
Orthobenzenedicarbaldehyde
Phthaldehyde-2
2-Formylbenzaldehyde-1,2-dihydrate
Benzene-o-diformylmethane
2-Formylphthalaldehyde
Phthaldic aldehyde
o-Phthalal
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-2-carbaldehyde
Benzene-o-dicarbonyl
Phthaldic dialdehyde
2-Formylbenzaldehyde-1,2-diol
Benzene-1,2-diyldialdehyde
o-Phthaloylal
2-Formylphthalal
Phthaldialdehyde-2
Benzene-o-dial
1,2-Benzenedicarbal

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H5C6H4OH.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is also known by other names such as 2-phenylphenol, biphenylol, or 2-hydroxybiphenyl.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is a white crystalline solid that is used for various industrial purposes, including as a fungicide and bactericide.

CAS Number: 90-43-7
EC Number: 201-993-5



APPLICATIONS


Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is extensively used as a fungicide in agriculture.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) serves as a bactericide, protecting crops from microbial infections.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is applied as a preservative for fruits and vegetables during storage and transportation.

In the food industry, OPP acts as a disinfectant, ensuring hygiene and safety.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is utilized as a wood preservative to protect against decay and pests.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has found applications in the treatment of ornamental plants to prevent fungal growth.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been employed in the preservation of cut flowers, extending their shelf life.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is used in the production of certain industrial chemicals and formulations.
In the textile industry, OPP is utilized for mildew control in fabrics and materials.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) serves as a biocide in cooling water treatment to prevent microbial fouling.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been applied in the manufacture of household disinfectant products.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is used as a surface disinfectant in hospitals and other healthcare settings.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been explored for its potential use in controlling post-harvest diseases.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is employed in the treatment of seeds to protect against seed-borne pathogens.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is used in the leather industry to prevent fungal and bacterial deterioration of hides.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been considered for wood surface treatments in construction materials.
In the cosmetic industry, it may be used as a preservative in certain formulations.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the production of antimicrobial coatings.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is utilized in the manufacture of some types of paints and coatings.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been studied for its potential use in controlling microbial contamination in water systems.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the preservation of cultural heritage artifacts.
OPP may be used in the treatment of wood pulp in the paper and pulp industry.

It finds application in the preservation of industrial fluids and lubricants.
The chemical's antimicrobial properties make it useful in various industrial processes.
Research continues to explore new applications and potential alternatives to OPP in various industries.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is employed in the horticultural industry to protect greenhouse plants from fungal infections.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been used as a fungicidal treatment for citrus fruits to prevent mold and decay.
In the field of water treatment, OPP may be used as a disinfectant for swimming pools and water reservoirs.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the preservation of wooden utility poles and railway ties.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is utilized in the formulation of sanitizing agents for food contact surfaces in processing facilities.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds use in the preservation of stored grains and seeds, preventing contamination by fungi.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been explored for its potential role in controlling mold growth in HVAC systems.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may be incorporated into cleaning and hygiene products for its antimicrobial properties.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the treatment of agricultural soil to control soil-borne pathogens.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the development of antifouling coatings for marine structures.

The preservation of historic and archival documents may involve the use of OPP to prevent decay.
In the pharmaceutical industry, OPP may be considered for its antimicrobial role in certain formulations.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds application in the protection of wooden structures in outdoor environments.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been studied for its potential use in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections in aquaculture.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is used in the formulation of wood sealants and stains for added protection.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is employed in the manufacturing of household and industrial disinfectant wipes.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been considered for the preservation of wooden musical instruments.
In the poultry industry, it may be used to control microbial contamination in poultry houses.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is employed in the treatment of timber used in the construction of outdoor furniture.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is used in the preservation of cultural artifacts made from wood, leather, or other susceptible materials.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds applications in the treatment of cooling towers to prevent the growth of harmful microorganisms.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may be included in the formulation of antiseptic solutions for medical and veterinary use.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been investigated for its potential role in inhibiting mold growth in building materials.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the development of antimicrobial solutions for the protection of textiles.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been explored for its use in the control of post-harvest diseases in various crops.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is utilized in the treatment of wooden utility poles to protect them from fungal decay and extend their lifespan.
In the field of floriculture, OPP is used to prevent mold and microbial growth in flower arrangements and bouquets.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds application in the preservation of wooden fences, decks, and outdoor structures.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the development of antimicrobial coatings for medical devices.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been employed in the formulation of wood varnishes and sealants for both aesthetic and protective purposes.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is utilized in the production of fungicidal paints for use in construction and industrial settings.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the treatment of soil used for greenhouse cultivation to control plant pathogens.
In the aerospace industry, OPP may be used to protect certain materials from microbial deterioration.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the formulation of antimicrobial solutions for the treatment of HVAC system components.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is used in the preservation of historical wooden structures, such as heritage buildings and monuments.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the treatment of wooden shipping pallets to prevent contamination during transport.
In the automotive industry, OPP may be employed in the preservation of wooden components in vintage and classic cars.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds use in the protection of wooden playground structures to ensure their longevity.
OPP is considered in the development of antimicrobial coatings for textiles and fabrics.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been explored for its potential use in the treatment of waterlogged wooden artifacts recovered from archaeological sites.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is used in the preservation of wooden sculptures and carvings in art conservation.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds applications in the treatment of wooden flooring to prevent fungal growth in humid environments.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may be included in the formulation of wood treatments for fence posts and poles.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the development of antimicrobial solutions for the protection of leather goods.

In the manufacturing of wooden musical instruments, OPP may be used to prevent microbial damage.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is employed in the treatment of wooden beehives to protect against fungal infestations.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the treatment of wooden components in marine structures to prevent degradation.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the formulation of antimicrobial solutions for the protection of outdoor fabrics and upholstery.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may find use in the preservation of wooden art installations and sculptures in outdoor settings.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is explored for its potential role in the protection of wooden artifacts in museum collections.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is utilized in the agricultural sector as a post-harvest treatment for fruits and vegetables to extend shelf life and prevent decay.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds application in the preservation of wooden barrels used for aging and storing wines and spirits.

In the poultry industry, OPP may be used in the sanitation of equipment and facilities to control microbial contamination.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the development of antimicrobial solutions for the treatment of wooden beehives.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the treatment of wooden railway ties to protect against fungal deterioration.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may be used in the formulation of wood stains and finishes for both aesthetic and protective purposes.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the development of antimicrobial coatings for industrial equipment and machinery.
In the construction industry, it finds use in the preservation of wooden structures and architectural elements.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the treatment of wooden utility poles used in power distribution.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is explored for its potential use in preventing fungal growth in wooden outdoor furniture.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may be included in the formulation of wood treatments for the protection of fences and gates.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the preservation of wooden artworks, including sculptures and carvings.
In the textile industry, it may find applications in the development of antimicrobial fabrics.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is utilized in the formulation of wood sealants for decks and outdoor structures.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the treatment of wooden packaging materials to prevent contamination during transportation.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may be considered in the development of antimicrobial solutions for the protection of antique wooden furniture.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is explored for its potential role in controlling microbial contamination in agricultural irrigation systems.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds use in the treatment of wooden components in the manufacturing of musical instruments.

In the preservation of wooden artifacts in museums, OPP may be employed to prevent decay and deterioration.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has applications in the treatment of wooden props and sets in the film and theater industry.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is considered in the development of antimicrobial solutions for the treatment of wooden cutting boards.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may be utilized in the preservation of wooden sculptures and installations in outdoor art exhibitions.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) finds applications in the treatment of wooden components in the production of outdoor signage.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) may be included in the formulation of wood treatments for the protection of outdoor structures in parks and recreational areas.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is explored for its potential use in the preservation of historical wooden shipwrecks and maritime artifacts.

Biocidal Uses:
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: human hygiene, disinfection, veterinary hygiene, food and animals feeds, product preservation, preservation for working / cutting fluids.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: preservation of fibres, leather, rubber, or polymers, preservation for construction materials.

Consumer Uses:
ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used.
ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which this substance is most likely to be released to the environment.



DESCRIPTION


Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C6H5C6H4OH.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is also known by other names such as 2-phenylphenol, biphenylol, or 2-hydroxybiphenyl.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is a white crystalline solid that is used for various industrial purposes, including as a fungicide and bactericide.

In agricultural applications, OPP has been used as a preservative for fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has fungicidal properties that help protect crops from certain diseases.
Additionally, OPP has been employed as a disinfectant in the food industry and as a wood preservative.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is known for its antimicrobial activity against a variety of microorganisms.

However, it's important to note that the use of certain chemical compounds, including OPP, has raised concerns about their potential impact on human health and the environment.
As with any chemical substance, Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is crucial to follow safety guidelines and regulations during its handling and use. Additionally, the approval and regulation of such chemicals may vary by region.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is a white crystalline solid.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is known for its fungicidal and bactericidal properties.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is commonly used as a preservative in the agricultural industry.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has a chemical formula of C6H5C6H4OH.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is also referred to as 2-phenylphenol or biphenylol.
OPP has been employed in the preservation of fruits and vegetables.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) acts as a disinfectant in the food industry.

The CAS Registry Number for OPP is 90-43-7.
Its EC Number (EINECS) is 201-993-5.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been utilized as a wood preservative due to its antimicrobial activity.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is effective against various microorganisms.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is used to protect crops from certain diseases.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been employed in the treatment of ornamental plants.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been a subject of study regarding its environmental impact.
Safety guidelines and regulations must be followed during its handling.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has a molecular weight of approximately 170.21 g/mol.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has a distinctive aromatic odor.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is sparingly soluble in water.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is stable under normal conditions of use and storage.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) can be found in some household disinfectant products.

Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) has been used in the production of certain industrial chemicals.
Proper ventilation is recommended when working with OPP.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) structure includes two phenyl groups.
Ortho-phenyl phenol (OPP) is classified as a hazardous substance, and precautions are necessary.
Research continues to explore its applications and potential alternatives.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C6H5C6H4OH
Molecular Weight: Approximately 170.21 g/mol
Physical State: White crystalline solid
Odor: Distinctive aromatic odor
Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water
Melting Point: Varies, typically around 57-58°C (135-136°F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 282°C (540°F) at atmospheric pressure
Density: Approximately 1.25 g/cm³
Flash Point: Not applicable or varies depending on formulation
Vapor Pressure: Data may vary based on specific conditions
Stability: Stable under normal conditions of use and storage
pH: Depending on formulation, it may affect the pH of solutions.
Flammability: Generally not considered highly flammable
Toxicity: Can be toxic if ingested or absorbed through the skin; appropriate safety measures are crucial.
Environmental Impact: The environmental impact and persistence may vary; it has been a subject of study and regulation.
Chemical Structure: Contains two phenyl groups and a hydroxyl group.
CAS Registry Number: 90-43-7
EC Number (EINECS): 201-993-5



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move to Fresh Air:
If inhaled, immediately move the person to an area with fresh air.

Seek Medical Attention:
If respiratory symptoms persist or if the person has difficulty breathing, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove Contaminated Clothing:
Remove any contaminated clothing promptly.

Wash Skin:
Wash the affected skin area with plenty of soap and water.

Seek Medical Attention:
If irritation, redness, or other symptoms persist, seek medical attention.


Eye Contact:

Flush Eyes:
Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or other symptoms persist.


Ingestion:

Do Not Induce Vomiting:
Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.

Rinse Mouth:
If the person is conscious, rinse the mouth with water.

Seek Medical Attention:
Seek immediate medical attention, and provide the medical personnel with information about the substance ingested.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing, to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use in a well-ventilated area or under local exhaust ventilation to control airborne concentrations.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid skin contact and inhalation of vapors or mists.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Prohibited Activities:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance.

Equipment:
Use equipment made of materials that are compatible with OPP.

Spill Response:
Have spill response measures in place, including absorbent materials and appropriate personal protective equipment.
In the event of a spill, follow established spill response procedures.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers, including hazard information and handling precautions.

Training:
Provide training for personnel handling OPP, covering safety procedures, emergency response, and the use of personal protective equipment.


Storage:

Container:
Store OPP in tightly sealed containers made of materials resistant to the substance.

Location:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.

Temperature:
Store at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer or within specified temperature limits.

Keep Away From:
Keep away from heat sources, open flames, and direct sunlight.

Incompatibilities:
Avoid storing OPP with incompatible substances.
Consult the SDS for information on incompatible materials.

Handling Precautions:
Follow proper handling precautions to prevent spills or leaks during storage.

Segregation:
Segregate from incompatible substances based on storage compatibility.

Fire Precautions:
Implement fire precautions in storage areas. Store away from ignition sources.

Emergency Equipment:
Ensure the availability of emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations and safety showers, in the storage area.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage areas with appropriate hazard information and access restrictions.



SYNONYMS


2-Phenylphenol
Biphenylol
2-Hydroxybiphenyl
Phenyl phenol
o-Phenylphenol
2-Phenylphenoxide
OPP
Dowicide 1
Dowicide O
Dow Biocide O
Orthophenyl phenol
Orthophenyl phenoxide
OPP-35
OPP-40
OPP-65
OPP-H
OPP-O
Phenyl hydroxy diphenyl
Phenylphenol
Phenylphenylol
Sanophen
Sumithion
Terrazol
Dow Biocide
Dowicide
Diphenylol
1-Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene
1-Phenyl-1,2-dihydroxybenzene
Alpha-phenylphenol
Oxydol
Dowicide 2
Dowicide G
Dowicide G Biocide
Dowicide H
Dowicide M
Dowicide MX
Dowicide W
Phenyl hydroxy diphenyl ether
Phenylphenylene glycol
Phenyl-α-phenylol
Phenylphenol oxides
Phenylphenol, ortho-
2-Hydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl
2-Hydroxydiphenyl
2-Phenyl-1,2-dihydroxybenzene
2-Phenyl-2-hydroxybiphenyl
2-Phenylbiphenylol
Alpha-phenyl-p-phenol
OPP-30
OPP-50
2-Hydroxydiphenyl
2-Phenylphenol, ortho isomer
2-Phenylphenol, O-isomer
Alpha-diphenylol
Alpha-phenyl-p-phenol
Phenol, 2-phenyl-
Phenol, 2-phenyl-, 1:1 mixture with phenol
Phenylphenol (2-phenylphenol)
Phenylphenol (mixed isomers)
Phenylphenol, 2-
Phenylphenol, ortho-
Phenylphenol, pure
Phenylphenol, total
Pure phenylphenol
Diphenylol (ortho-phenylphenol)
Phenylphenol, 2-hydroxy
Phenylphenol, ortho-diphenol
Phenylphenol, ortho-hydroxy
2,2'-Dihydroxydiphenyl
2-Phenylphenol, 95%
2-Phenylphenol, 98%
2-Phenylphenol, extra pure
o-Phenylphenol, 1:1 mixture with phenol
o-Phenylphenol, pure
Total phenylphenol

cas no 7664-38-2 Phosphoric acid; Hydrogen phosphate; o-Phosphoric acid; Acide Phosphorique (French); Acido Fosforico (Italian); Fosforzuuroplossingen (Dutch); Ortho-phosphoramide; Phosphorsaeureloesungen (German); White Phosphoric Acid; Orthophosphorsäure (German);

Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is white, light yellow to light red powder, slightly phenolic.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is almost insoluble in water, soluble in methanol, acetone, benzene, xylene, trichloroethylene, dichlorobenzene and other organic solvents.


CAS Number: 90-43-7
EC Number: 201-993-5
MDL Number: MFCD00002208
E number: E231 (preservatives)
Molecular Formula: C12H10O / C6H5C6H4OH



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CAS-90-43-7, OPP [pesticide], 2-Phenylphenol [BSI:ISO], CCRIS 1388, 64420-98-0, HSDB 1753, EINECS 201-993-5, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064103, BRN 0606907, Stellisept, Manusept, Rotoline, UNII-D343Z75HT8, o-phenyl-phenol, AI3-00062, 2-phenyl-phenol, Tetrosin OE-N, Amocid (TN), MFCD00002208, Preventol 3041, ORTOFENILFENOL, Phenylphenol (ortho-), 2-Phenylphenol, 99%, OPP?, PHENYLPHENOL, O-, WLN: QR BR, ORTHO PHENYL PHENOL, EC 201-993-5, O-PHENYLPHENOL [MI], 2-Phenylphenol, BSI, ISO, SCHEMBL29811, 4-06-00-04579 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS002415765, 2-PHENYLPHENOL [ISO], BIDD:ER0664, O-PHENYLPHENOL [INCI], [1,1''-biphenyl]-2-ol, 2-PHENYLPHENOL [FHFI], 2-PHENYLPHENOL [HSDB], FEMA 3959, 2-Phenylphenol, >=99%, FG, NSC1548, ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL [IARC], ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL [MART.], ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL [WHO-DD], AMY40390, STR07240, Tox21_202415, Tox21_300674, BDBM50308551, ORTHOPHENYL PHENOL (E 231),
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2-Phenylphenol 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, BB 0223993, FT-0654846, P0200, 1,1'-BIPHENYL-2-OL, 2-PHENYLPHENOL, EN300-19380, C02499, D08367, E79453, 2-Phenylphenol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, Q209467, SR-01000944520, SR-01000944520-1, W-100332, F0001-2206, Z104473674, InChI=1/C12H10O/c13-12-9-5-4-8-11(12)10-6-2-1-3-7-10/h1-9,13, CH9, O-phenylphenol, 2-hydroxybiphenyl, phenyl-2 phenol, o-xenol, OPP, ortho-phenylphenol, OPP, O-PHENYLPHENOL, Phenylphenol, O-HYDROXYBIPHENYL, BIPHENYL-2-OL, 2-BIPHENYLOL, 2-HYDROXYBIPHENYL, ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL, o-Xenol, 0-PHENYL PHENOL, o-Phenylphenol, o-Hydroxy biphenyl, Torsite, Xenol, OPP, 2-Biphenylol, o-Hydroxybiphenyl, [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol, 2-Biphenylol, o-Biphenylol, o-Diphenylol, o-Hydroxydiphenyl, o-Phenylphenol, o-Xenol, Biphenyl-2-ol, Dowicide 1, Phenol, o-phenyl-, Preventol O extra, Remol TR, 2-Hydroxybiphenyl, 2-Hydroxydiphenyl, o-Phenylphenol, cosmetic grade, Biphenyl, 2-hydroxy-, NCI-C50351, Torsite, Tumescal OPE, usaf ek-2219, 1-Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene, 2-Hydroxybifenyl, Dowcide 1, Dowicide 1 antimicrobial, 2-Fenylfenol, Kiwi lustr 277, OPP, Orthohydroxydiphenyl, Orthophenylphenol, Orthoxenol, Tetrosin oe, Nectryl, Anthrapole 73, 2-Hydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl, Invalon OP, Tetrosin OE-N, Biphenylol, Hydroxdiphenyl, Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene, Hydroxybiphenyl, Nipacide OPP, o-Xonal, Phenylphenol, Xenol, 2-Phenylphenol, (1,1-Biphenyl)-2-ol, Phenylphenol (ortho-), NSC 1548, Preventol 3041, 2-phenylphenol, Anthrapole 73, Biphenyl, 2-hydroxy-, biphenyl-2-o1, Biphenylol, Dowcide 1, Dowcide 1 antimicrobial, o-hydroxybiphenyl, 2-biphenol, collar phenylphenol, 2-hydroxybiphenyl, (1,1-Biphenyl)-2-ol, 1-Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene, 2-Biphenylol, 2-Fenylfenol, 2-Hydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl, 2-Hydroxybifenyl, 2-Hydroxybiphenyl, 2-Hydroxydiphenyl, 2-Phenyl phenol, 2-Phenylphenol, Anthrapole 73, Biphenyl, 2-hydroxy-, Biphenyl-2-o1, Biphenyl-2-ol, Biphenylol, Dowicide, Dowicide 1, Dowicide 1 antimicrobial, Hydroxdiphenyl, Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene, Hydroxybiphenyl, Invalon OP, Kiwi lustr 277, Nectryl, Nipacide OPP, o-Biphenylol, o-Diphenylol, o-Hydroxybiphenyl, o-Hydroxydiphenyl, O-phenyl phenol, o-Phenylphenol, o-Phenylphenol, cosmetic grade, o-Xenol, o-Xonal, OPP, Ortho-phenylphenol, Orthohydroxydiphenyl, Orthophenylphenol, Orthoxenol, Phenol, o-phenyl-, Phenyl-2 phenol, Phenylphenol, Preventol O extra, Remol TRF, Tetrosin oe, Tetrosin OE-N, Torsite, Tumescal 0pe, Tumescal OPE, XENOL, Xenol, AI3-00062, BRN 0606907, CASWELL NO. 623AA, CCRIS 1388, EINECS 201-993-5, EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE 064103, HSDB 1753, NCI-C50351, NSC 1548, USAF EK-2219, USAF ek-2219,



Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) has biocidal properties, making it useful for various preservation applications.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 to < 10 tonnes per annum.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is an organic compound.
In terms of structure, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is one of the monohydroxylated isomers of biphenyl.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a white solid.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is more selective than other free phenols but does produce phytotoxic effects.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is more selective than other free phenols butdoes produce phytotoxic effects.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a light lavender crystals or solid.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is insoluble in water.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is easily soluble in sodium hydroxide solution, ethanol, acetone and other organic solvents, slightly soluble in water.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is an organic chemical that is a white, buff, crystalline (sand-like) solid.


In terms of structure, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is one of the monohydroxylated isomers of biphenyl.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a white solid.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) has a role as an environmental food contaminant and an antifungal agrochemical.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) derives from a hydride of a biphenyl.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to protect crops in storage.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is highly soluble in water, moderately volatile but is not expected to be persistent in the environment.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a broad spectrum fungicide used to protect crops in storage.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is highly soluble in water, moderately voatile but is not expected to be persistent in the environment.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a widely used chemical in the industrial sector that is known for its antimicrobial properties.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a phenolic compound produced through the condensation of phenol and formaldehyde and is commonly used as a preservative in a variety of applications, including wood preservation, cosmetics and personal care products, textiles, paints and coatings, adhesives, and agricultural products.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is effective at preventing the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms, making it a popular choice for companies looking to ensure the safety and quality of their products.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for strong sterilization function, as preservative for wood, leather, paper, fruits, vegetables and meat.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can be used for hydrophobic synthetic fiber, such as the carrier of chloroprene and dacron carrier dyeing method and the dye intermediate; Or plastic heat stabilizer, surfactant, etc.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is mainly used to prepare oil-soluble o-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin in industry.


This resin, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP), is used in varnishes with excellent water and alkali stability.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used as a reagent for the analysis and detection of sugar in bioanalytical chemistry.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can also be used in the rubber industry as additives, photographic chemicals.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for strong bactericidal function, used as wood, leather, paper, as well as preservative preservation of fruits and vegetables, meat preservation.
Wood preservation: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is commonly used to protect wooden structures such as bridges, poles, and buildings from decay caused by fungi and insects.


Cosmetics and personal care products: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as a preservative in creams, lotions, shampoos, and other similar products to help keep them fresh and free of harmful microorganisms.
Textiles: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used in the textile industry to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi on fabric.


Paints and coatings: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is added to paint and coatings to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on surfaces.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as a hydrophobic synthetic fiber polyvinyl chloride, polyester and other carriers using carrier staining method, surfactants, bactericidal preservatives, dyes intermediates.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for strong sterilization function, as preservative for wood, leather, paper, fruits, vegetables and meat.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can be used for hydrophobic synthetic fiber, such as the carrier of chloroprene and dacron carrier dyeing method and the dye intermediate; Or plastic heat stabilizer, surfactant, etc.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is mainly used to prepare oil-soluble o-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin in industry.
This resin is used in varnishes with excellent water and alkali stability.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used as a reagent for the analysis and detection of sugar in bioanalytical chemistry.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used to make dye stuffs and rubber chemicals, but used primarily as a disinfectant cleaner.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, rubber, as Agricultural chemical, in making fungicides.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as an intermediate in making dye stuffs and rubber chemicals; a germicide.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used in food packaging.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a chemical used as a microbicide to control bacteria and viruses, to sanitize fruits, vegetables and eggs, and as a surface disinfectant in hospitals, animal farms, and commercial environments.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for strong bactericidal function,
used as wood, leather, paper, as well as preservative preservation of fruits and vegetables, meat preservation.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can also be used in the rubber industry as additives, photographic chemicals.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as a hydrophobic synthetic fiber polyvinyl chloride, polyester and other carriers using carrier staining method, surfactants, bactericidal preservatives, dyes intermediates.
Adhesives: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as a preservative in adhesives to prevent the growth of microorganisms and to maintain their effectiveness over time.


Agricultural products: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used in agricultural products such as pesticides and herbicides to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria.
Food preservation: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as a preservative in some food products, such as fruit juices and syrups, to prevent the growth of microorganisms.


Pharmaceuticals: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can also be used as a preservative in topical medications or creams as well.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) has high activity and has a broad-spectrum sterilization and mold-removing ability.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a good preservative and can be used for anti-mildew preservation of fruits and vegetables.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and its sodium salt can also be used to produce disinfectants and preservatives for fibers and other materials (wood, fabric, paper, adhesives and leather).
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for post-harvest preservation of entire citrus fruits.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for the manufacture of halogen-free flame retardants for epoxy resins and as functional monomers for optical applications.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is mainly used industrially for the preparation of oil-soluble o-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin to produce a varnish excellent in water and alkali stability.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used preservative for the leather industry.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as antiseptic, printing and dyeing auxiliaries and surfactants, stabilizer and flame retardant for synthesis of new plastics, resins and polymers.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used fluorometric determination of carbohydrate reagents.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is widely used in printing and dyeing auxiliaries and surfactants, synthesis of new plastics, resins and polymers stabilizer and flame retardant and other fields.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a widely used organic chemical product, which is widely used in the fields of sterilization and anticorrosion, printing and dyeing auxiliaries and surfactants, synthesis of new plastics, stabilizers and flame retardants of resins and polymer materials.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used broad-spectrum of activity covering bacteria, yeasts, fungi and enveloped viruses.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for the formulation of all-purpose disinfectants and disinfectant liquid soaps.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for the preservation of aqueous products such as glues, adhesive dispersions, concrete additives, filler suspensions, pigment slurries and textile print thickeners.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a kind of organic chemical product with a wide range of uses, which is widely used in the fields of sterilization and corrosion prevention, printing and dyeing auxiliaries and surfactants, and the stabilizer and flame retardant of synthetic new plastics, resins and polymer materials.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used active ingredient for disinfectants for use in hospitals, doctor’s offices, industry, institutions, stables and sheds.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and its sodium salt have a broad spectrum of sterilization and mildew removal ability, and low toxicity and tasteless, is a better preservative, can be used for the mildew preservation of fruits and vegetables, especially suitable for the mildew prevention of citrus, can also be used to treat lemon, pineapple, pear, peach, tomato, cucumber, can make the decay to a minimum.


In foreign countries, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and its sodium salt have been widely used in the storage of fruits, vegetables, and meat for anti-corrosion and anti-mold, and have a wide range of uses.
Textiles: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) may be used in textile material production as a dye carrier, especially for synthetic fibers.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a agriculture fungicide and is no longer used as a food additive.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a deoxyribonuclease (DNase) inhibitor with high herbicidal activity, high-efficiency and broad-spectrum sterilization, anti-mildew, disinfection and anti-corrosion capabilities, and low toxicity and tasteless.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as well as disinfectants and anti-mold agents for fibers, protein materials and other materials (wood, fabrics, paper, adhesives and leather, etc.).


When the concentration is 0.005% ~ 0.006%, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) shows a very good bactericidal effect, which is many times greater than that of the lower esters of benzoic acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used for the protection of textiles and timber and as a fungistat in water-soluble paints.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is remarkably versatile organic chemical products, widely used antiseptic, auxiliaries and surfactant synthesis of new plastics, resins and polymer materials in areas such as stabilizers and flame retardants.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used Fungicide, Disinfectant, Microbiocide.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for the post-harvest control of storage diseases of apples, citrus fruit, stone fruit, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used to make fungicides.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used Adhesives & Glues,Biocide,Construction Material & Concrete additives, Cosmetics, Carrier / Printing Thickener, Dyes, Flame Retardants, Fungicidal treatments in construction material, Textile Auxiliaries,Treatment of Bitumen Isolation coverings,Plastic additives such as heat stabilizers,Preservation for Whole Citrus Fruits,Rubber chemicals,Wood Preservatives.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as a dye intermediate, germicide, fungicide, disinfectant, and plasticizer; to manufacture rubber chemicals; in food packaging; as a preservative in water-oil emulsions; antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as an antimicrobial additive in the manufacture of metalworking fluids, leather, adhesives, and textiles.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) has a strong bactericidal function, used as wood, leather, paper preservative and fruit and vegetable meat storage preservative.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used in the production of flame retardants, preservatives, dye carriers, surfactants, dye intermediates, cosmetics and for the production of advanced explosives.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as a carrier, surfactant, antiseptic and dye intermediate for hydrophobic synthetic fibers such as chlorinated polyamide and polyester.
In Japan, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and its sodium salt are used for the fungicide of citrus.


In the wax mixed with 0.8% of the goods, the use of spray method in the citrus after harvest, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can also be used with biphenyl, rot blue to a minimum.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: human hygiene, disinfection, veterinary hygiene, food and animals feeds, product preservation, preservation for working / cutting fluids.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: preservation of fibres, leather, rubber, or polymers, preservation for construction materials.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used in the following areas: health services.
Both have been used in agriculture to control fungal and bacterial growth on stored crops, such as fruits and vegetables.
SOPP is applied topically to the crop and then rinsed off, leaving the chemical residue, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP).


Most agricultural food applications have been revoked, but Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and SOPP are still used on pears and citrus.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is still used as a disinfectant fungicide for industrial applications, on ornamental plants and turfs, in paints, and as a wood preservative.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is volatile and has limited water solubility, whereas SOPP is not volatile and is more water soluble.
Both chemicals degrade within hours to weeks in the environment.
In the past, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) was used in home sanitizers for surfaces.


Leathers: Due to its preservative properties, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as an auxiliary to protect leather through various production stages, from hide to finished good.
Other release to the environment of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


Release to the environment of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and for thermoplastic manufacture.
The primary use of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is as an agricultural fungicide.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used for disinfection of seed boxes.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a general surface disinfectant, used in households, hospitals, nursing homes, farms, laundries, barber shops, and food processing plants.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can be used on fibers and other materials.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used to disinfect hospital and veterinary equipment.
Other uses of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) are in rubber industry and as a laboratory reagent.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used in the manufacture of other fungicides, dye stuffs, resins and rubber chemicals.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used for disinfection of seed boxes.
Cosmetic Uses of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP):preservatives


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a fungicide used for waxing citrus fruits.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is no longer a permitted food additive in the European Union, but is still allowed as a post-harvest treatment in 4 EU countries.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used for disinfection of seed boxes.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a general surface disinfectant, used in households, hospitals, nursing homes, farms, laundries, barber shops, and food processing plants.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can be used on fibers and other materials.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used to disinfect hospital and veterinary equipment.
Other uses of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) are in rubber industry and as a laboratory reagent.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used in the manufacture of other fungicides, dye stuffs, resins and rubber chemicals.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is generally applied post-harvest.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used for post-harvest control of storage disease in apples, citrus fruit, stone fruit, tomatoes, cucumber and peppers through the use of impregnated wrapping materials or by direct application in a wax.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a general surface disinfectant, used in households, hospitals, nursing homes, farms, laundries, barber shops, and food processing plants.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can be used on fibres and other materials.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used to disinfect hospital and veterinary equipment.
Other uses of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) are in the rubber industry and as a laboratory reagent.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used in the manufacture of other fungicides, dyestuff, resins and rubber chemicals.


Leathers: Due to its preservative properties, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as an auxiliary to protect leather through various production stages, from hide to finished good
Textiles: Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) may be used in textile material production as a dye carrier, especially for synthetic fibers.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used in food seasonings.
Inhibitory to a wider range of moulds than Biphenyl HMJ12-A.
The practical way of treatment is to immerse citrus fruit in an alkaline aqueous solution of the parent compound or its Na salt.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) belongs to the family of Biphenyls and Derivatives.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is found in low concentrations in some household products such as spray disinfectants and aerosol or spray underarm deodorants.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used as a fungicide in food packaging and may migrate into the contents.


These are organic compounds containing to benzene rings linked together by a C-C bond.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and its water-soluble salt, sodium ortho-phenylphenate (SOPP), are antimicrobial agents used as bacteriostats, fungicides, and sanitizers.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also a commonly used preservative in cosmetics (the dosage is generally 0.05% ~ 0.25%) .
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can be used for hydrophobic synthetic fibers, such as the carrier and dye intermediate of polyvinyl chloride and polyester carrier dyeing method; it can also be used as heat stabilizer and surfactant for plastics.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is mainly used in the industry to prepare oil-soluble o-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is the starting material for clear coats with excellent water and alkali stability.


Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used as a triose analysis and detection reagent in bioanalytical chemistry; in addition, this product can also be used as an auxiliary agent in the rubber industry and photographic chemicals.


Strong bactericidal function, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is used as wood, leather, paper preservative and fruit and vegetable meat storage preservative.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also used in the production of flame retardants, preservatives, dye carriers, surfactants, dye intermediates, cosmetics and for the production of advanced explosives.



PREPARATION METHOD OF ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
using cyclohexanone route to prepare Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP), namely, using cyclohexanone as raw material, condensation dehydration under acid catalysis to obtain the dimerization Intermediate 2-(1-cyclohexenyl) cyclohexanone and 2-ring hexylene cyclohexanone, O-Phenylphenol was synthesized by dehydrogenation.
a mixture of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and p-Phenylphenol is obtained from the by-product of phenol production by sulfonation method.

The mixture is heated and dissolved in trichloroethylene, and the crystals of p-Phenylphenol are precipitated by cooling, and then centrifuged and filtered, the solid was dried to give P-Phenylphenol.
The mother liquor was washed with sodium carbonate solution, neutralized with dilute sodium hydroxide and acidified to obtain Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP).



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP):
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) react as a weak organic acid.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) exothermically neutralizes bases.

Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) may react with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides to generate flammable gas (H2) and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas.

Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is sulfonated very readily (for example, by concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature) in exothermic reactions.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) may be nitrated very rapidly.
Nitrated phenols often explode when heated and also form metal salts that tend toward detonation by rather mild shock.

Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can react with oxidizing agents .
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is non flammable.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP):
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is a white to buff-colored crystalline solid with a distinct odor.
When heated to decomposition, Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.



PREPARATION OF Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP):
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is prepared by condensation of cyclohexanone to give cyclohexenylcyclohexanone.
The latter undergoes dehydrogenation to give Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP).



PRODUCTION METHODS OF Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP):
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is produced as a by-product in the manufacture of diphenyl oxide or by aldol condensation of hexazinone.



PREPARATION OF Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP):
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) can be recovered from the distillation residue of the process of phenol production via sulfonation.
The phenol distillation residue contains about 40% of phenyl phenol with the other components including phenol, inorganic salts, water and so on.
After vacuum distillation, the mixed Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) fraction is separated out with the vacuum being 53.3-66.7kPa.

The temperature, started to be cut at 65-75 ℃ to until 100 ℃ above, but should not higher than 1345 ℃.
Then take advantage of the solubility difference of ortho, p-hydroxy biphenyl in the trichlorethylene, the two are separated into pure product.

The mixed material (mainly Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) and 4-hydroxy biphenyl) is heated to be dissolved in the trichlorethylene, after cooling, first precipitate out 4-hydroxy biphenyl crystal.

After centrifuge filtration, dry to obtain 4-hydroxy biphenyl.
The mother liquor was washed with a sodium carbonate solution, followed by dilute alkaline to make the 2-hydroxybiphenyl salt.

After standing stratification, take the upper 2-hydroxybiphenyl sodium salt for dehydration under reduced pressure, namely, sodium salt products.
The 2-hydroxybiphenylsodium salt is white to light red powder, being easily soluble in water with the solubility in 100g of water being 122g.

The pH value of the 2% aqueous solution is 11.1-12.2.
Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) is also easily soluble in acetone, methanol, soluble in glycerol, but insoluble in oil.
The sodium salt of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP), after acidification, can lead to the formation of Ortho-Phenylphenol (OPP) with both of them being food additives.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
CAS Number: 90-43-7
Appearance: White solid, White Crystalline Flakes
Water: 38 mg |-1 at 25 C
Melting point: 56 58 C
Boiling point: 152 154 C at 15mm Hg
Molecular weight: 170.21 g/mol
Flash point: 124 C
Vap.pr.: 15.2 mbar at 163 C
CAS: 90-43-7
EINECS: 201-993-5
InChIKey: LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H10O
Molar Mass: 170.21
Density: 1.21

Melting Point: 57-59°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 282°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 255°F
JECFA Number: 735
Water Solubility: 0.7 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility: Soluble in ethanol, acetone, benzene,sodium hydroxide,
chloroform, acetonitrile, toluene, hexane, ligroin, ethyl ether, pyridine,
ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycol ethers and polyglycols.
Vapor Presure: 7 mm Hg ( 140 °C)
Appearance: Crystalline Flakes
Color: White
Merck: 14,7304
BRN: 606907
pKa: 10.01(at 25℃)
PH: 7 (0.1g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Stability: Stable.
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Explosive Limit: 1.4-9.5%(V)
Refractive Index: 1.6188 (estimate)
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Melting Point: 57 °c
Boiling Point: 282 ℃
density: 1.213
flash point: 123 ℃
water-soluble:<0.01g/100 mL at 20.5 C

Appearance: bright purple crystals
Appearance: white powder or flake
Assay: 99.5%min
Water: 0.1%max
2-Cyclohexylphenol 0.8% max
Diphenylene oxide : 0.2% max
Sulfate 150 ppm max
melting point : 56-58°C
cas no : 90-43-7
formula : C12H10O
Molar mass : 170.21 g/mol
Density : 1.293 g/cm3
Melting point : 55.5°c

Chemical formula: C12H10O
Molar mass: 170.211 g•mol−1
Density: 1.293 g/cm3
Melting point: 55.5 to 57.5 °C (131.9 to 135.5 °F; 328.6 to 330.6 K)
Boiling point: 280 to 284 °C (536 to 543 °F; 553 to 557 K)
Molecular Weight: 170.21 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 170.073164938 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 170.073164938 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 149
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: solid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 57 - 59 °C - lit.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 282 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 9,5 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,4 %(V)
Flash point: 124 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,53 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:

log Pow: 3,18 at 22,5 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 9 hPa at 140 °C
Density: 1,21 g/cm3 at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension: 58,72 mN/m at 20,1 °C
Dissociation constant: 9,5 at 20 °C
Melting point: 57-59 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 282 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.21

vapor pressure: 7 mm Hg ( 140 °C)
refractive index: 1.6188 (estimate)
FEMA: 3959 | 2-PHENYLPHENOL
Flash point: 255 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Soluble in ethanol, acetone, benzene,sodium hydroxide,
chloroform, acetonitrile, toluene, hexane, ligroin, ethyl ether,
pyridine, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycol ethers and polyglycols.
form: Crystalline Flakes
pka: 10.01(at 25℃)
color: White
Odor: nearly wh. or lt. buff crystals, mild char. sweetish odor
PH: 7 (0.1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit: 1.4-9.5%(V)

Water Solubility: 0.7 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7304
JECFA Number: 735
BRN: 606907
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.18 at 22.5℃
Substances Added to Food (formerly EAFUS): O-PHENYLPHENOL
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 90-43-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 6-9
FDA UNII: D343Z75HT8
ATC code: D08AE06
Proposition 65 List: o-Phenylphenol
NIST Chemistry Reference: o-Hydroxybiphenyl(90-43-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Phenylphenol (90-43-7)
Appearance: white to pale purple crystalline powder (est)

Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 57.00 to 59.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 282.00 to 285.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.002020 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 255.00 °F. TCC ( 123.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): 3.090
Shelf Life: 24.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store in cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers, protected from heat and light.
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 535.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 700 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
CAS Registry Number: 90-43-7
Classification: Biphenyls and derivatives
Formula: C12H10O
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H10O/c13-12-9-5-4-8-11(12)10-6-2-1-3-7-10/h1-9,13H
InChIKey: LLEMOWNGBBNAJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SPLASH: splash10-00xu-3900000000-cc61f48538e181b24290



FIRST AID MEASURES of ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ORTHO-PHENYLPHENOL (OPP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has a molecular structure where a phenolic ring is attached to another phenolic ring through an oxygen bridge.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used for various purposes, including as a disinfectant, fungicide, and bactericide.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has antimicrobial properties, and these characteristics make it suitable for applications in the preservation of certain products.

CAS Number: 90-43-7
Molecular Formula: C12H10O
Molecular Weight: 170.21
EINECS Number: 201-993-5

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), 2-Hydroxybiphenyl, 90-43-7, O-PHENYLPHENOL, Biphenyl-2-ol, 2-Biphenylol, o-Hydroxybiphenyl, 2-Hydroxydiphenyl, o-Hydroxydiphenyl, Biphenylol, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), Phenylphenol, Orthophenylphenol, Orthoxenol, o-Diphenylol, [1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-ol, Dowicide 1, Torsite, o-Xenol, o-Biphenylol, Preventol O extra, Orthohydroxydiphenyl, Nectryl, (1,1'-Biphenyl)-2-ol, Tumescal OPE, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), Remol TRF, Phenol, o-phenyl-, Tetrosin oe, 1-Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene, 2-Fenylfenol, 2-Hydroxybifenyl, o-Xonal, 2-Phenyl phenol, Biphenyl, 2-hydroxy-, Invalon OP, Anthrapole 73, 2-hydroxy biphenyl, Usaf ek-2219, 1,1'-Biphenyl-2-ol, Dowicide, Kiwi lustr 277, Hydroxdiphenyl, (1,1-Biphenyl)-2-ol, o-Phenylphenol, cosmetic grade, Dowicide 1 antimicrobial, Orthophenyl phenol, orthohydroxydipbenyl, NCI-C50351, Hydroxy-2-phenylbenzene, Nipacide OPP, NSC 1548, 2-Hydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol)-d5, CHEMBL108829, DTXSID2021151, CHEBI:17043, D343Z75HT8, NSC-1548, Dowicide A, E231, o-phenylphenate, Phenyl-2 phenol, ortho-phenylphenate, Biphenyl-2-o1, DTXCID201151, Hydroxybiphenyl, 2-Fenylfenol [Czech], Caswell No. 623AA, 2-Hydroxybifenyl [Czech], CAS-90-43-7, OPP [pesticide], Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) [BSI:ISO], CCRIS 1388, Phenyl-2 phenol [ISO-French], 64420-98-0, HSDB 1753, EINECS 201-993-5, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 064103, BRN 0606907, Stellisept, Manusept, Rotoline, UNII-D343Z75HT8, o-phenyl-phenol, AI3-00062, 2-phenyl-phenol, Tetrosin OE-N, Amocid (TN), MFCD00002208, Preventol 3041, ORTOFENILFENOL, Phenylphenol (ortho-), Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), 99%, OPP?, PHENYLPHENOL, O-, WLN: QR BR, ORTHO PHENYL PHENOL, EC 201-993-5, O-PHENYLPHENOL [MI], Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), BSI, ISO, SCHEMBL29811, 4-06-00-04579 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MLS002415765, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) [ISO], BIDD:ER0664, O-PHENYLPHENOL [INCI], [1,1''-biphenyl]-2-ol, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) [FHFI], Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) [HSDB], FEMA 3959, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), >=99%, FG, NSC1548, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) [IARC], ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL [MART.], ORTHOPHENYLPHENOL [WHO-DD], AMY40390, STR07240, Tox21_202415, Tox21_300674, BDBM50308551, ORTHOPHENYL PHENOL (E 231), AKOS000118750, PS-8698, NCGC00091595-01, NCGC00091595-02, NCGC00091595-03, NCGC00091595-04, NCGC00091595-05, NCGC00091595-06, NCGC00254582-01, NCGC00259964-01, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) 100 microg/mL in Acetone, AC-10362, SMR000778031, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) 10 microg/mL in Cyclohexane, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) 1000 microg/mL in Acetone, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, BB 0223993, FT-0654846, P0200, 1,1'-BIPHENYL-2-OL; Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), EN300-19380, C02499, D08367, E79453, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), PESTANAL(R), analytical standard, Q209467, SR-01000944520, SR-01000944520-1, W-100332, F0001-2206, Z104473674, InChI=1/C12H10O/c13-12-9-5-4-8-11(12)10-6-2-1-3-7-10/h1-9,13, CH9.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) exhibits antimicrobial activity, particularly against bacteria and fungi.
This property has led to its use in agricultural settings, food processing, and as a preservative in some consumer products.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is applied topically to the crop and then rinsed off, leaving the chemical residue, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol).

Most agricultural food applications have been revoked, but Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) and SOPP are still used on pears and citrus (U.S.EPA, 2006).
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is still used as a disinfectant fungicide for industrial applications, on ornamental plants and turfs, in paints, and as a wood preservative.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a member of the class of hydroxybiphenyls that is biphenyl substituted by a hydroxy group at position 2.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is generally used as a post-harvest fungicide for citrus fruits.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has a role as an environmental food contaminant and an antifungal agrochemical.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) derives from a hydride of a biphenyl.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), also known by its IUPAC name 2-phenylphenol, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H10O.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) inhibits the growth of fungi and bacteria.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has a moderate to low toxicity to biodiversity.
The "O-" prefix indicates the position of the phenolic hydroxyl group on the benzene ring.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has a low oral mammalian toxicity, a neurotoxin and is a recognised irritant.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is effective at concentrations as low as 0.05% by weight.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is an ingredient in Lysol® and has been used as a fungicides in Starch, Glue, and Polyvinyl acetate emulsions.
Dilute solutions have also been used for removing lichens from Granite.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), the sodium salt of orthOrtho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), is more soluble.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) and sodium ortho-phenylphenate (NaOPP) are pesticides used commercially in the food industry that have been shown to be carcinogenic to rat urothelium.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) and its water-soluble salt, sodium ortho-phenylphenate (SOPP), are antimicrobial agents used as bacteriostats, fungicides, and sanitizers.

Both have been used in agriculture to control fungal and bacterial growth on stored crops, such as fruits and vegetables.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) consists of two phenol groups connected by an oxygen atom.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenols and is specifically classified as a bisphenol.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is highly soluble in water, moderately volatile but is not expected to be persistent in the environment.
Many brands and several voluntary standards limit concentrations of OPP in finished goods, especially in textile articles since there are known safer dye carrier alternatives.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is also known by other names, including phenylphenol, and 2-phenyl phenol.

The chemical formula for Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is C₆H₅C₆H₄OH.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a broad spectrum fungicide used to protect crops in storage.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is more selective than other free phenols but does produce phytotoxic effects.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), or o-phenylphenol, is an organic compound.
In terms of structure, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is one of the monohydroxylated isomers of biphenyl.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a white solid.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a biocide used as a preservative with E number E231 and under the trade names Dowicide, Torsite, Fungal, Preventol, Nipacide and many others.
When heated to decomposition, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
In leather, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is still a preferred preservative for use during wet blue production, but it should be carefully controlled to minimize final concentrations.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been found to cause skin changes (discoloration) and irritation to the mucous membranes.
In the past, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) was used in home sanitizers for surfaces.
This property makes it effective against a range of bacteria and fungi.

In the past, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a surface disinfectant in the food industry, particularly for the treatment of fruits and vegetables to prevent spoilage and decay during storage and transportation.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been employed as a post-harvest treatment for fruits and vegetables to extend their shelf life by inhibiting the growth of fungi and bacteria.
There have been concerns about the potential health effects of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), and regulatory agencies have set limits on its use in certain products.

Long-term exposure or exposure at high concentrations may pose health risks, and safety guidelines should be followed.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and through the skin, and is eliminated rapidly from the body as OPP glucuronide and sulfate conjugates (Bartels et al., 1998; Cnubben et al. 2002; Timchalk et al., 1998).
Available evidence suggests that Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) does not accumulate in the body; however, small amounts of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) have been measured in human adipose tissue.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can be synthesized through various methods, including the reaction of phenol with benzene in the presence of catalysts.
The chemical structure of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) consists of a phenolic ring (phenol) with an additional phenyl group attached to the ortho position, hence the name Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol).
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) exhibits antimicrobial properties by disrupting the cell membranes of microorganisms, leading to their inactivation.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a broad-spectrum fungicide used to protect crops in storage.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been employed as a preservative in agriculture, particularly for the protection of seeds and crops.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) helps prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria that could otherwise damage agricultural products.

In the food industry, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a preservative on certain fruits and vegetables.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) helps extend the shelf life of produce by inhibiting the growth of spoilage microorganisms.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been incorporated into certain disinfectants and cleaning products due to its antimicrobial properties.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) contributes to the formulation of products designed to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi on surfaces.
The use of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) in certain applications, especially in the food industry, is subject to regulatory oversight.
Regulatory authorities establish acceptable levels and guidelines to ensure the safety of consumers and the environment.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used in various applications, there have been discussions about its potential health and environmental concerns.
As with any chemical, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is important to follow recommended guidelines and regulations for safe use.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is highly soluble in water, moderately voatile but is not expected to be persistent in the environment.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been incorporated into certain disinfectant and cleaner formulations for its antimicrobial properties, contributing to the efficacy of these products.
In the preservation of cultural heritage artifacts, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a fungicide to protect items susceptible to fungal deterioration.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been employed as an additive in paint and coating formulations to inhibit the growth of fungi and algae on painted surfaces.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been utilized in certain analytical chemistry techniques.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) may be employed in analytical methods for the determination of various substances.
In water treatment processes, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as an antimicrobial agent to control the growth of microorganisms in water systems.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a synthetic organic compound that belongs to the class of phenols.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a white to buff-colored crystalline solid with a distinct odor.
In agriculture, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a fungicide to protect crops from various fungal diseases.

The synthesis of certain dyes may involve Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) as a starting material or intermediate in chemical processes.
Ongoing scientific studies focus on understanding the environmental fate, health impacts, and potential alternatives to Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), contributing to advancements in sustainable and safe practices.
Regulatory agencies conduct risk assessments to evaluate the potential risks associated with the use of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) in various applications.

This information informs regulatory decisions and guidelines.
Regulations regarding the use of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can vary globally.
Different countries may have specific regulations or restrictions on its use in various products.

The primary use of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is as an agricultural fungicide.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is generally applied post-harvest.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a fungicide used for waxing citrus fruits.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is no longer a permitted food additive in the European Union, but is still allowed as a post-harvest treatment in 4 EU countries.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) helps prevent the growth of fungi on plants, preserving the quality of crops.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) react as a weak organic acid.

May react with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides to generate flammable gas (H2) and the heat of the reaction may ignite the gas.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is sulfonated very readily (for example, by concentrated sulfuric acid at room temperature) in exothermic reactions.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been applied to protect wooden structures, furniture, and utility poles from decay caused by fungi and other microorganisms.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can persist in the environment, and its residues may be detected in soil and water.
This persistence raises environmental considerations and has led to regulatory scrutiny in some regions.

Due to health and environmental concerns, the use of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has decreased in certain applications.
In response, industries have sought alternative preservatives and antimicrobial agents.
Ongoing research and development efforts are aimed at finding effective and safer alternatives to Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), especially in areas where its use is restricted.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is volatile and has limited water solubility, whereas SOPP is not volatile and is more water soluble.
General population exposure can occur via dermal, inhalational, or oral routes from residential use and by ingesting treated food or food that was in contact with treated surfaces or equipment.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) was detected in 40 of 60 different canned beers at concentrations in the low parts per billion.
Estimated human intakes have been below recommended intake limits.

Melting point: 57-59 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 282 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.21
vapor pressure: 7 mm Hg ( 140 °C)
refractive index: 1.6188 (estimate)
FEMA: 3959 | Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol)
Flash point: 255 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Soluble in ethanol, acetone, benzene,sodium hydroxide, chloroform, acetonitrile, toluene, hexane, ligroin, ethyl ether, pyridine, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, glycol ethers and polyglycols.
form: Crystalline Flakes
pka: 10.01(at 25℃)
color: White
Odor: nearly wh. or lt. buff crystals, mild char. sweetish odor
PH: 7 (0.1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
explosive limit 1.4-9.5%(V)
Water Solubility: 0.7 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,7304
JECFA Number: 735
BRN: 606907
LogP: 3.18 at 22.5℃

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is found in low concentrations in some household products such as spray disinfectants and aerosol or spray underarm deodorants.
The sodium salt of orthophenyl phenol, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), is a preservative, used to treat the surface of citrus fruits.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has found applications in various industrial processes where antimicrobial or preservative properties are desirable.

In healthcare settings, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a surface disinfectant to maintain a hygienic environment.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is readily degraded in surface waters and municipal waste mixtures, and the degradation is biologically mediated.
Historically, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used in the production of certain photographic chemicals.

Some studies have explored the antiviral properties of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), though research in this area is ongoing.
While its use has diminished in certain consumer products, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) may still be present in some formulations, depending on regional regulations and product.
In healthcare settings, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a surface disinfectant in hospitals and clinics to help control the spread of infections.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been employed as a mold inhibitor in certain building materials to prevent the growth of mold and mildew.
In river water, radiolabelled 2- phenylphenol at concentrations ranging from 1.2 to 120 μg/litre was degraded to about 50% of the initial concentration in 1 week.
The addition of mercuric chloride to inhibit biological activity reduced the decrease to only 10% after 30 days.

In activated sludge, radiolabelled Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) at 9.6 mg/litre was degraded to 50% of the initial concentration in 24 h.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) therefore meets the criteria to be classified as readily biodegradable (FAO/WHO, 1999).
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is prepared by condensation of cyclohexanone to give cyclohexenylcyclohexanone.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can be involved in the production of certain thermosetting resins used in various industrial applications.
In aquaculture, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been explored for its potential role in controlling microbial contamination in water systems.

Preparation:
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can be recovered from the distillation residue of the process of phenol production via sulfonation.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is also easily soluble in acetone, methanol, soluble in glycerol, but insoluble in oil.

The sodium salt of 2-hydroxy biphenyl, after acidification, can lead to the formation of 2-hydroxy biphenyl with both of them being food additives.
The phenol distillation residue contains about 40% of phenyl phenol with the other components including phenol, inorganic salts, water and so on.
After vacuum distillation, the mixed Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) fraction is separated out with the vacuum being 53.3-66.7kPa.

The latter undergoes dehydrogenation to give Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol).
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used in the packaging industry as a surface treatment for packaging materials to prevent the growth of microorganisms on surfaces that come into contact with food.
In addition to its use as a fungicide and antimicrobial agent, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been incorporated into certain biocidal products, contributing to their ability to control or eliminate harmful microorganisms.

In some formulations, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a component in waterproofing agents for textiles and other materials.
The temperature, started to be cut at 65-75 ℃ to until 100 ℃ above, but should not higher than 1345 ℃.
Then take advantage of the solubility difference of ortho, p-hydroxy biphenyl in the trichlorethylene, the two are separated into pure product.

The mixed material (mainly 2-hydroxy biphenyl and 4-hydroxy biphenyl) is heated to be dissolved in the trichlorethylene, after cooling, first precipitate out 4-hydroxy biphenyl crystal.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has found applications in the pulp and paper industry, where it can be used as a microbiological control agent.

In the conservation and preservation of historic artifacts, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) may be used in certain treatments to protect items from biological deterioration.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been considered for use in swimming pool water treatment to control microbial growth, although alternative chemicals are often preferred.

Uses:
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used in the manufacture of plastics, resins, rubber, as Agricultural chemical, in making fungicides; as an intermediate in making dye stuffs and rubber chemicals; a germicide; used in food packaging.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used for strong sterilization function, as preservative for wood, leather, paper, fruits, vegetables and meat.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is remarkably versatile organic chemical products, widely used antiseptic, auxiliaries and surfactant synthesis of new plastics, resins and polymer materials in areas such as stabilizers and flame retardants.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can be used for hydrophobic synthetic fiber, such as the carrier of chloroprene and dacron carrier dyeing method and the dye intermediate; Or plastic heat stabilizer, surfactant, etc.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a surface disinfectant, particularly in healthcare settings and public spaces, to control the spread of bacteria and viruses.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) helps extend the shelf life of fruits and vegetables by preventing the growth of microorganisms that can cause spoilage.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been included in the formulation of certain industrial and household disinfectants to provide antimicrobial properties.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a treatment to protect fabrics and leather from microbial degradation.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is also used for the protection of textiles and timber and as a fungistat in water-soluble paints.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) and its sodium (SOPP) salt have been used world-wide for decades as fungicides and disinfectants.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used a hydrophobic synthetic fiber polyvinyl chloride, polyester and other carriers using carrier staining method, surfactants, bactericidal preservatives, dyes intermediates.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is also used for disinfection of seed boxes.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a general surface disinfectant, used in households, hospitals, nursing homes, farms, laundries, barber shops, and food processing plants.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can be used on fibers and other materials.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used to disinfect hospital and veterinary equipment.
Other uses are in rubber industry and as a laboratory reagent.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is also used in the manufacture of other fungicides, dye stuffs, resins and rubber chemicals.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been involved in the production of certain photographic chemicals.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a preservative in some personal care products, such as soaps, deodorants, and lotions.
In addition to its fungicidal properties, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been utilized as a miticide to control mites in agricultural settings.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been involved in the production of certain thermosetting resins used in the manufacturing of molded products and coatings.
In the aquaculture industry, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been explored for its potential use in controlling microbial contamination in water systems used for fish farming.
In the oil and gas industry, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been investigated for its potential to mitigate bacterial growth in oil wells and related systems.

In controlled environments for biological research, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) may be used to prevent microbial contamination.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a surface treatment for certain building materials to prevent the growth of mold and mildew.
Some studies suggest that Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) may exhibit antioxidant properties, and it has been explored as an antioxidant in rubber products.

In the conservation of historic artifacts, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been considered for certain treatments to protect items from biological deterioration.
In agricultural practices, Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a fogging agent in greenhouses to control the spread of pathogens.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has found applications in various industrial processes where control of microorganisms is essential for production efficiency.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has high activity and has a broad-spectrum sterilization and mold-removing ability.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is a good preservative and can be used for anti-mildew preservation of fruits and vegetables.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is generally used as a hospital and household disinfectant, whereas SOPP is used as a fungicide, which post-harvest treatment of citrus fruits and vegatables for the prevention of mold.

Due to widespread use, including many consumer applications, the fate of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) in the mammalian organism has been the subject of numerous investigations over many years.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is mainly used to prepare oil-soluble o-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin in industry. This resin is used in varnishes with excellent water and alkali stability.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is also used as a reagent for the analysis and detection of sugar in bioanalytical chemistry.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can also be used in the rubber industry as additives, photographic chemicals.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is not used on growing plants because it is too phytotoxic and there appears to be no information published on its metabolism in plants.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) and its sodium salt can also be used to produce disinfectants and preservatives for fibers and other materials (wood, fabric, paper, adhesives and leather).
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is mainly used industrially for the preparation of oil-soluble o-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin to produce a varnish excellent in water and alkali stability.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has applications as a fungicide in agriculture to protect crops from fungal infections.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a wood preservative to prevent decay and fungal growth in treated wood products.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used in the past as a preservative in some personal care products, such as soaps, deodorants, and lotions.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has also been used in certain industrial and household disinfectants and cleaning products.

The use of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is regulated by health and environmental authorities.
In some regions, its use in certain applications may be restricted or subject to specific concentration limits.
Exposure to high concentrations of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can be harmful.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol)'s important to follow safety guidelines and regulations when handling products containing this compound.
The environmental impact of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), especially in terms of its persistence and potential for bioaccumulation, is a subject of concern.
Regulations may address its use and disposal to minimize environmental risks.

Due to regulatory and safety considerations, there has been a trend toward finding alternative preservatives, and some industries have moved away from the use of Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) in certain applications.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used for strong sterilization function, as preservative for wood, leather, paper, fruits, vegetables and meat.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used as antiseptic, printing and dyeing auxiliaries and surfactants, stabilizer and flame retardant for synthesis of new plastics, resins and polymers.

Fluorometric determination of carbohydrate reagents.
Widely used in printing and dyeing auxiliaries and surfactants, synthesis of new plastics, resins and polymers stabilizer and flame retardant and other fields.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is also used as the sodium and potassium salts where water solublity is important.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used as a dye intermediate, germicide, fungicide, disinfectant, and plasticizer; to manufacture rubber chemicals; in food packaging; as a preservative in water-oil emulsions; antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics; [HSDB] Used as an antimicrobial additive in the manufacture of metalworking fluids, leather, adhesives, and textiles.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is known for its antimicrobial properties and has been used as a preservative and disinfectant in various products.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used for strong bactericidal function, used as wood, leather, paper, as well as preservative preservation of fruits and vegetables, meat preservation.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is used for the post-harvest control of storage diseases of apples, citrus fruit, stone fruit, tomatoes, cucumbers and other vegetables.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can be used for hydrophobic synthetic fiber, such as the carrier of chloroprene and dacron carrier dyeing method and the dye intermediate; Or plastic heat stabilizer, surfactant, etc.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is mainly used to prepare oil-soluble o-phenylphenol formaldehyde resin in industry.

This resin is used in varnishes with excellent water and alkali stability.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is also used as a reagent for the analysis and detection of sugar in bioanalytical chemistry.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can also be used in the rubber industry as additives, photographic chemicals.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been used as a fungicide in agriculture to protect crops from fungal diseases.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) helps prevent the growth of molds and fungi on plants.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) has been employed as a wood preservative to prevent decay and inhibit the growth of fungi, molds, and insects in treated wood products.

Safety Profile:
Prolonged or repeated exposure to Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) may have adverse effects on health, and chronic exposure has been associated with certain health risks.
Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact or inhalation.
O-phenylphenol can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon direct contact.

Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol) is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves and goggles, to minimize the risk of skin and eye exposure.
This can result in redness, itching, and discomfort.
Some individuals may develop allergic reactions or sensitivities to Ortho-phenylphenol (OPP, or 2-phenylphenol), leading to symptoms such as skin rash or respiratory issues.

O-TOLYL BIGUANIDE, N° CAS : 93-69-6, Nom INCI : O-TOLYL BIGUANIDE. Nom chimique : 1-o-Tolylbiguanide. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-268-6. Ses fonctions (INCI), Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidi

Orthophosphorous acid, also known as phosphorous acid, is a moderately strong inorganic acid.
Orthophosphorous acid, or phosphorous acid, is a diprotic phosphorus oxoacid that exists as two tautomers while in solution.
Orthophosphorous acid is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.

CAS Number: 13598-36-2
EC Number: 237-066-7
Molecular formula: H3O3P
Molar mass: 81.99 g/mol

Synonyms: Phosphonic acid, Phosphorous acid, Dihydroxyphosphine oxide, Dihydroxy(oxo)-λ5-phosphane, Dihydroxy-λ5-phosphanone, Orthophosphorous acid, Oxo-λ5-phosphanediol, Oxo-λ5-phosphonous acid, Metaphosphoroic acid

Orthophosphorous acid is the compound described by the formula H3PO3.
Orthophosphorous acid is diprotic (readily ionizes two protons), not triprotic as might be suggested by this formula.
Orthophosphorous acid is an intermediate in the preparation of other phosphorus compounds.

Organic derivatives of Orthophosphorous acid, compounds with the formula RPO3H2, are called Orthophosphorous acids.
The most important use of Orthophosphorous acid is the production of basic lead phosphite, which is a stabilizer in PVC and related chlorinated polymers.
Ferrous materials, including steel, may be somewhat protected by promoting oxidation ("rust") and then converting the oxidation to a metalophosphate by using phosphoric acid and further protected by surface coating.

Orthophosphorous acid, also known as phosphorous acid, is a moderately strong inorganic acid.
Orthophosphorous acid, or phosphorous acid, is a diprotic phosphorus oxoacid that exists as two tautomers while in solution.
Orthophosphorous acid is a pyridinyl biphosphonate bone resorption inhibitor.

Orthophosphorous acid which is also called Orthophosphorous acid is a colourless oxyacids of phosphorus.
Orthophosphorous acid is produced in the form of a white volatile powder by the slow combustion of phosphorus.

Orthophosphorous acid's salts are called phosphates.
Orthophosphorous acid is conveniently prepared by allowing phosphorous trichloride to react with water.

Uses of Orthophosphorous acid:
Orthophosphorous acid is used in the production of basic lead phosphonate PVC stabilizer, aminomethylene Orthophosphorous acid and hydroxyethane diOrthophosphorous acid.
Orthophosphorous acid is used as a strong reducing agent.

Orthophosphorous acid is used in the production of raw materials of phosphorous acid, synthetic fibres and organophosphorus pesticides etc.
Orthophosphorous acid is used in the production of high efficient water treatment agent amino trimethylene Orthophosphorous acid.

Orthophosphorous acid's industrial applications include use in the production of basic lead phosphite and controlling plant diseases.
The most important use of Orthophosphorous acid is the production of phosphites (phosphonates) which are used in water treatment.

Phosphites have shown effectiveness in controlling a variety of plant diseases, in particular, treatment using either trunk injection or foliar containing phosphorous acid salts is indicated in response to infections by phytophthora and pythium-type plant pathogens (both within class oomycetes, known as water molds), such as dieback/root rot and downy mildew.

Orthophosphorous acid is also used for preparing phosphite salts, such as potassium phosphite.
These salts, as well as aqueous solutions of pure Orthophosphorous acid, are fungicides.

Orthophosphorous acid is used primarily for the production of phosphonates and phosphate salts.
These derivatives are used in a number of antimicrobial applications.

In industrial synthesis PCl3 is sprayed into steam at 190oC the heat of reaction is used to distill off the hydrogen chloride and excess water vapour.
Orthophosphorous acid is used as a reagent in the synthesis of Risedronic Acid Sodium Salt.

Orthophosphorous acid is used in the production of basic lead phosphonate PVC stabilizer, aminomethylene Orthophosphorous acid and hydroxyethane diOrthophosphorous acid.
Orthophosphorous acid is also used as a strong reducing agent and in the production of phosphorous acid, synthetic fibres, organophosphorus pesticides, and the highly efficient water treatment agent ATMP.

Chemical Properties Of Orthophosphorous acid:
Orthophosphorous acid has strong reducing properties it tends to be converted to phosphoric acid.

On being heated dry Orthophosphorous acid disproportionates to give phosphine and phosphoric acid.
H3PO3 + 3H3PO3 → PH3 + 3H3PO4

Orthophosphorous acid reacts with a base like sodium hydroxide forms sodium phosphate and water.
H3PO3 + 3NaOH → Na3PO3 + 3H2O

Nomenclature And Tautomerism Of Orthophosphorous acid:
Solid HP(O)(OH)2 has tetrahedral geometry about the central phosphorus atom, with a P–H bond of 132 pm, one P=O double bond of 148 pm and two longer P–OH single bonds of 154 pm.
In common with other phosphorus oxides with P-H bonds (e.g.hypophosphorous acid and dialkyl phosphites), Orthophosphorous acid exists in equilibrium with an extremely minor tautomer P(OH)3. (In contrast, arsenous acid's major tautomer is the trihydroxy form.)

IUPAC recommends that P(OH)3 be called Orthophosphorous acid, whereas the dihydroxy form HP(O)(OH)2 is called Orthophosphorous acid.
Only the reduced phosphorus compounds are spelled with an "ous" ending.
PIII(OH)3 ⇌ HPV(O)(OH)2 K = 1010.3 (25°C, aqueous)

Preparation Of Orthophosphorous acid:

On an industrial scale, the acid is prepared by hydrolysis of phosphorus trichloride with water or steam:
PCl3 + 3 H2O → HPO(OH)2 + 3 HCl

HPO(OH)2 could be produced by the hydrolysis of phosphorus trioxide:
P4O6 + 6 H2O → 4 HPO(OH)2

Reactions Of Orthophosphorous acid:

Acid–base properties:
Phosphorous acid has a pKa in the range 1.26–1.3.
HP(O)(OH)2 → HP(O)2(OH)− + H+ pKa = 1.3

Orthophosphorous acid is a diprotic acid, the hydrogenphosphite ion, HP(O)2(OH)− is a weak acid:
HP(O)2(OH)− �� HPO2−3 + H+ pKa = 6.7

The conjugate base HP(O)2(OH)− is called hydrogen phosphite, and the second conjugate base, HPO2−3, is the phosphite ion.
(Note that the IUPAC recommendations are hydrogen phosphonate and phosphonate respectively).

The hydrogen atom bonded directly to the phosphorus atom is not readily ionizable.
Chemistry examinations often test students' appreciation of the fact that not all three hydrogen atoms are acidic under aqueous conditions, in contrast with H3PO4.

Redox Properties Of Orthophosphorous acid:

On heating at 200 °C, Orthophosphorous acid disproportionates to phosphoric acid and phosphine:
4 H3PO3 → 3 H3PO4 + PH3

This reaction is used for laboratory-scale preparations of PH3.

Orthophosphorous acid slowly oxidizes in air to phosphoric acid.
Both Orthophosphorous acid and its deprotonated forms are good reducing agents, although not necessarily quick to react.
They are oxidized to phosphoric acid or its salts.

Orthophosphorous acid reduces solutions of noble metal cations to the metals.

When Orthophosphorous acid is treated with a cold solution of mercuric chloride, a white precipitate of mercurous chloride forms:
H3PO3 + 2 HgCl2 + H2O → Hg2Cl2 + H3PO4 + 2 HCl

Mercurous chloride is reduced further by Orthophosphorous acid to mercury on heating or on standing:
H3PO3 + Hg2Cl2 + H2O → 2 Hg + H3PO4 + 2 HCl

As A Ligand, Orthophosphorous acid:
Upon treatment with metals of d6 configuration, Orthophosphorous acid is known to coordinate as the otherwise rare P(OH)3 tautomer.
Examples include Mo(CO)5(P(OH)3) and [Ru(NH3)4(H2O)(P(OH)3)]2+.

Heating a mixture of potassium tetrachloroplatinate and Orthophosphorous acid gives the luminescent salt potassium diplatinum(II) tetrakispyrophosphite:
2 K2PtCl4 + 8 H3PO3 → K4[Pt2(HO2POPO2H)4] + 8 HCl + 4 H2O

Organic Derivatives Of Orthophosphorous acid:
The IUPAC (mostly organic) name is Orthophosphorous acid.
This nomenclature is commonly reserved for substituted derivatives, that is, organic group bonded to phosphorus, not simply an ester.
For example, (CH3)PO(OH)2 is "methylOrthophosphorous acid", which may of course form "methylphosphonate" esters.

Handling And Storage Of Orthophosphorous acid:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
No metal containers.
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Store under inert gas.
Air sensitive.

Stability And Reactivity Of Orthophosphorous acid:

Reactivity:
No data available

Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Conditions to avoid:
no information available

First Aid Measures of Orthophosphorous acid:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.

If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.

Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most), avoid vomiting (risk of perforation).

Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Fire Fighting Measures of Orthophosphorous acid:

Extinguishing media:

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Orthophosphorous acid:

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Exposure Controls/personal Protection of Orthophosphorous acid:

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Body Protection:
protective clothing

Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

Identifiers of Orthophosphorous acid:
CAS Number: 13598-36-2
EC Number: 237-066-7
MDL number: MFCD00137258
EC Name: Orthophosphorous acid
Molecular formula: H3O3P

Properties of Orthophosphorous acid:
Chemical formula: H3PO3
Molar mass: 81.99 g/mol
Appearance: white solid deliquescent
Density: 1.651 g/cm3 (21 °C)
Melting point: 73.6 °C (164.5 °F; 346.8 K)
Boiling point: 200 °C (392 °F; 473 K) (decomposes)
Solubility in water: 310 g/100 mL
Solubility: soluble in ethanol
Acidity (pKa): 1.1, 6.7
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −42.5·10−6 cm3/mol
Odour: Sour odour
Appearance: White solid, deliquescent
Covalently-Bonded Unit: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor: 3
Complexity: 8
Solubility: Soluble in water
Physical state flakes
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 63 - 74 °C at 1.013 hPa

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 259 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: not auto-flammable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: at 20 °C acidic
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not applicable for inorganic substances
Vapor pressure < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,651 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: The product has been shown not to be oxidizing
Other safety information: No data available

clerodendranthus spicatus leaf extract; extract of the leaves of the jawa tea, orthosiphon stamineus, labiatae; kumis kuching leaf extract; orthosiphon leaf extract; java tea leaf extract CAS NO:84012-29-3

oxalic acid ethanedioic acid Aktisal Aquisal oxalate Oxiric acid Oxalsaeure Oxaalzuur Kyselina stavelova Acide oxalique Acido ossalico Acidum oxalicum CAS:144-62-7

OUD OIL ; oudh oil; AGARWOOD OIL; aetoxylon sympetalum; aetoxylon sympetalum wood oil; gaharu buaya oil; agarwood oil (aetoxylon sympetalum) CAS NO:1333524-00-7

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is a type of detergent additive commonly used in lubricants, especially in the formulation of engine oils, marine oils, and industrial lubricants.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is known for its excellent detergent and dispersant properties, as well as its ability to neutralize acids and provide anti-wear protection.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) additives in oils are considered potentially critical in driving WEC formations, this ‘driving’ effect being unclear.

CAS Number: 68783-96-0
EINECS Number: 272-213-9

Synonyms: Sulfonic acids, petroleum, calcium salts, overbased, 68783-96-0, DTXSID7028809,EINECS 272-213-9, Petroleum sulfonate, calcium salt, calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate dispersion.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s have long been a widely used thickener for grease applications, but vehicle electrification has led to a dramatic rise in lithium demand in recent years.
Over the long term, grease manufacturers will face supply constraints as supply will be favoring battery manufacturers.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS), extreme pressure, multi-purpose, heavy duty OBCS grease containing unique polymers, anti-wear agents and tackifiers with inherent rust and oxidation resistance to provide the highest performance properties.

The film-forming and friction properties of Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) detergents in rolling–sliding, thin film, lubricated contact have been investigated.
All of the commercial detergents studied form thick, solid-like, calcium carbonate films on the rubbed surfaces, of thickness 100–150nm.
The films have a pad-like structure, interspersed by deep valleys in which practically no film is present.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) has been designed to lubricate under the most severe operating conditions in marine applications and because of its adhesive properties, it effectively stays in place.
In organic chemistry, Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) refers to a member of the class of organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O)2−OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group and the S(=O)2(OH) group a sulfonyl hydroxide.
As a substituent, it is known as a sulfo group.

A sulfonic acid can be thought of as sulfuric acid with one hydroxyl group replaced by an organic substituent.
The parent compound (with the organic substituent replaced by hydrogen) is the parent sulfonic acid, HS(=O)2(OH), a tautomer of sulfurous acid, S(=O)(OH)2.[a] Salts or esters of sulfonic acids are called sulfonates.
Detergents and surfactants are molecules that combine highly nonpolar and highly polar groups.

Traditionally, Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are the popular surfactants, being derived from fatty acids.
Since the mid-20th century, the usage of sulfonic acids has surpassed soap in advanced societies.
For example, an estimated 2 billion kilograms of Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are produced annually for diverse purposes.

Lignin sulfonates, produced by sulfonation of lignin are components of drilling fluids and additives in certain kinds of concrete.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS), any of a class of organic acids containing sulfur and having the general formula RSO3H, in which R is an organic combining group.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are among the most important of the organosulfur compounds; the free acids are widely used as catalysts in organic syntheses, while the salts and other derivatives form the basis of the manufacture of detergents, water-soluble dyes and catalysts, sulfonamide pharmaceuticals, and ion-exchange resins.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are particularly useful as intermediates or starting materials in synthesis—for example, in the preparation of phenols.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s can greatly enhance the water solubility of compounds, as seen with the sulfonic acid derivative of triphenyl phosphine (TPPTS), P(C6H4-m-SO3Na)3.
Metal complexes of Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are used as homogeneous catalysts for the syntheses of organic compounds in two-phase systems (e.g., in a mixture of water and an organic solvent) in industry and in the laboratory.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s occur naturally—for example, the essential nutrient taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid; NH2CH2CH2SO3H), the sulfobacins and other sulfonolipids (the biologically active products from bacterial cultures that contain 15- to 17-carbon chains attached to the carbon and nitrogen of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), and the echinosulfonic acid C (an α-hydroxysulfonic acid containing two brominated indole rings).
The aliphatic sulfonic acids methanesulfonic acid and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid; CF3SO3H) are also commercially important reagents and catalysts.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS), one of the strongest known organic acids, is used as a polymerization catalyst and in fuel cells, in gasoline production, and in the synthesis of organic and organometallic compounds.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is a chemical compound—that means it contains at least two different elements combined together.
The main elements in sulfonic acid are sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, but the actual formula is more complicated than that.

Because they contain sulfur, sulfonic acids are also called organosulfur compounds.
In general, Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are very strong acids that come in crystal or liquid form.
They typically don’t have any color and they don’t oxidize, which means that they don’t react with oxygen.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are soluble in water.
These properties make Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s an incredibly useful family of compounds because scientists can control them with ease.
They’re also much less dangerous to use than other acids.

A sustainable and mild one-step strategy is explored for the synthesis of aryl and Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s using a facile combination of halides and sulfur dioxide surrogates under air.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS), also known as sulphonic acids, are a type of organosulfur compound that can be represented by the general formula R−S(=O)2−OH, where R is an alkyl or aryl group in the organic domain, and the S(=O)2(OH) group is a sulfonyl hydroxide moiety.
The sulfo group is another term used to refer to this substituent.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are strongly acidic organosulfur compounds with the general formula R−S(=O)2−OH, where R is an organic alkyl or aryl group.
Applications for sulfonic acids include use as components of dyes, detergents, surfactants, and antibacterial drugs.
The overbasing process involves the formation of micellar structures where calcium carbonate is dispersed in a stable colloidal form.

These micelles are stabilized by the sulfonate molecules, ensuring uniform distribution within the lubricant.
The term “superalkalinity” refers to the high alkalinity reserve provided by these micelles, which is crucial for neutralizing acidic combustion by-products effectively.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) additives form protective films on metal surfaces, which not only prevent deposits but also provide a physical barrier against wear and corrosion.

In conditions where hydrodynamic lubrication is compromised, such as during startup or under heavy loads, the protective film aids in boundary lubrication, minimizing direct metal-to-metal contact.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) maintains its efficacy at high temperatures, making it suitable for use in high-performance engines and industrial applications where thermal stability is crucial.
In racing and high-performance automotive engines, OBCS helps maintain engine cleanliness and performance under extreme operating conditions.

Used in commercial trucks and heavy machinery, where high detergency and acid neutralization are vital due to the severe operating conditions and high sulfur content of diesel fuels.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in formulations designed for extended drain intervals, providing long-lasting protection and stability, which is essential for reducing maintenance costs and downtime.
In hydraulic systems, especially in construction and agricultural machinery, Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) helps maintain fluid cleanliness and protect against corrosion and wear.

In marine engines, especially those using high sulfur fuels, the high TBN provided by Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is essential for neutralizing sulfuric acid and preventing corrosive wear.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) additives are effective in performance, they are generally not biodegradable.
The disposal and potential environmental impact of used lubricants containing OBCS need careful management.

The use of Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) in engine oils can indirectly contribute to emission reduction by maintaining engine efficiency and reducing the formation of harmful deposits.
In regions with strict sulfur content regulations, the neutralizing ability of Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is critical.
However, evolving environmental regulations may drive the development of more environmentally friendly alternatives.

Research into incorporating nanoparticles with Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) could enhance its performance characteristics, such as improving thermal stability and wear protection.
There is ongoing research into developing biodegradable and more environmentally friendly detergent additives that can match or exceed the performance of traditional Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS).
Future lubricants may use multi-functional additives that combine the benefits of Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) with other performance-enhancing properties, such as friction reduction and oxidation stability.

As emission standards become more stringent, the role of high-performance additives like Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) will become even more critical.
However, this may also drive innovation towards cleaner alternatives.
Modern engines equipped with advanced emission control systems, such as Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR), may require lubricants with lower ash content.

This necessitates careful formulation to balance performance and compatibility.
The production and incorporation of Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) additives can be more expensive than other additives, impacting the overall cost of lubricants.
Balancing performance benefits with cost is a significant consideration for lubricant manufacturers.

The availability and cost of raw materials required for producing Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) can fluctuate, affecting the consistency and pricing of the final product.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is a hypothetical acid with formula H-S(=O)2-OH.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is a less stable tautomer of sulfurous acid HO-S(=O)-OH, so sulfonic acid converts rapidly when it is formed.

Derived compounds which replace the sulfur-bonded hydrogen with organic groups are stable.
These may then form salts or esters, called sulfonates.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are a class of organic acids with the general formula R-S(=O)2-OH, where R is usually a hydrocarbon side chain.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are typically much stronger acids than their carboxylic equivalents, and have the unique tendency to bind to proteins and carbohydrates tightly; most "washable" dyes are sulfonic acids (or have the functional sulfonyl group in them) for this reason.
They are also used as catalysts and intermediates for a number of different products.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) are important as detergents, and the antibacterial sulfa drugs are also sulfonic acid derivatives.

The simplest example is methanesulfonic acid, CH3SO2OH, which is a reagent regularly used in organic chemistry.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is also an important reagent.
The primary active ingredient, which acts as a detergent and dispersant.

Present in colloidal form, providing the overbasing characteristic.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) helps neutralize acidic by-products generated during the operation of engines or machinery.

These ensure the stability and dispersion of the calcium carbonate particles within the lubricant.
The "overbased" term refers to the high base number (BN) or total base number (TBN) of the additive, which is a measure of its capacity to neutralize acids.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) detergents contain an excess amount of alkaline material, typically calcium carbonate, which enhances their neutralizing capacity.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are sulfonated to produce sulfonic acids.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS)s are neutralized with calcium hydroxide or calcium oxide to form calcium sulfonate.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is then overbased by reacting with additional calcium oxide or calcium hydroxide and carbon dioxide, forming a colloidal suspension of calcium carbonate in the sulfonate matrix.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) helps keep engine parts clean by preventing the formation of deposits and sludge.
The high alkalinity of Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) neutralizes acidic by-products from fuel combustion, protecting engine components from corrosion.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) disperses contaminants and soot particles, keeping them suspended in the oil and preventing them from settling on engine surfaces.

Provides a protective layer on metal surfaces, reducing wear and extending the lifespan of engine components.
Forms a barrier that protects metal surfaces from rust and corrosion.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in automotive, marine, and stationary engines to improve cleanliness and protect against wear and corrosion.

Utilized in gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and other industrial lubricants where high detergency and acid neutralization are required.
Essential in marine cylinder lubricants, which operate under severe conditions and require high neutralization capacity due to the high sulfur content in marine fuels.
Helps maintain engine cleanliness, improving performance and extending oil change intervals.

Provides anti-wear protection, reducing the rate of engine component wear.
High TBN ensures effective neutralization of acids, protecting engines from corrosive damage.
Effective in a wide range of temperatures and operating conditions.

While Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) provides many benefits, it must be balanced with other additives in the lubricant formulation to achieve optimal performance.
Compatibility with other additives and base oils must be carefully considered to avoid issues such as additive dropout or reduced performance.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) additives can be more expensive than some other detergent types, impacting the overall cost of the lubricant.

Uses:
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) enhances engine cleanliness, reduces wear, and neutralizes acidic by-products, thereby extending oil change intervals and engine life.
Provides superior protection and performance under extreme conditions, maintaining engine cleanliness and efficiency.
Helps withstand severe operating conditions, reducing engine deposits and wear, and prolonging the life of the engine.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) ensures efficient operation of heavy machinery by maintaining cleanliness and protecting against wear and corrosion.
Essential for neutralizing sulfuric acids in marine engines using high-sulfur fuels, preventing corrosive wear and maintaining engine performance.
Protects large marine engines from corrosion and wear, particularly in slow-speed crosshead engines.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in gear oils to protect against wear, reduce friction, and prevent deposit formation, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.
Maintains fluid cleanliness, protects against wear and corrosion, and ensures efficient hydraulic system performance.
Enhances the performance and longevity of hydraulic systems in manufacturing and processing equipment.

Provides excellent protection against wear, corrosion, and water washout, making it suitable for use in automotive and industrial applications.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) enhances lubrication, reduces tool wear, and prevents corrosion, improving the efficiency and lifespan of metalworking tools and machines.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in turbine oils to provide excellent oxidation stability, protect against corrosion, and ensure efficient operation of power generation equipment.

Enhances performance by maintaining cleanliness, reducing wear, and protecting against oxidation and corrosion in compressor systems.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used to improve the cleanliness, protection, and performance of automatic transmissions, ensuring smooth and reliable operation.
Helps prevent deposit formation and corrosion in fuel systems, ensuring efficient combustion and engine performance.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is utilized in oil spill dispersants to break down oil slicks and promote biodegradation, minimizing environmental impact.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in pulping chemicals to control deposits and scale formation, enhancing the efficiency of the pulping process.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used as a flotation agent in mineral processing to enhance the separation of valuable minerals from ores.

Some food-grade lubricants utilize derivatives of calcium sulfonates due to their non-toxic nature, providing protection against wear and corrosion in food processing equipment.
Formulated into engine cleaners and fuel system cleaners to dissolve and disperse deposits, improving engine performance and fuel efficiency.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in formulations for high-mileage vehicles to reduce sludge and varnish build-up, improving engine longevity.

Enhances the performance of synthetic motor oils, providing superior protection and extended drain intervals.
Provides robust protection against wear and corrosion in high-revving motorcycle engines.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in lubricants for off-road vehicles that operate in extreme conditions, ensuring engine cleanliness and reliability.

Essential for fleet maintenance, reducing downtime and maintenance costs by enhancing oil life and engine protection.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) in metalworking fluids enhances lubrication, reducing friction and heat generation, thus extending tool life and improving surface finish.
Protects high-speed machining centers from wear and corrosion, ensuring precision and efficiency.

Provides superior oxidation stability and deposit control in steam and gas turbines, and in air and gas compressors, ensuring reliable performance.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in slow-speed crosshead engines where high TBN is crucial for neutralizing sulfuric acid formed from high sulfur content fuels.
Protects medium-speed engines in marine vessels from wear and corrosion, enhancing their operational life.

Formulated into greases for food processing equipment, providing lubrication and protection while meeting stringent safety standards for incidental food contact.
Protects beverage processing machinery from wear and corrosion, ensuring smooth operation and compliance with hygiene standards.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in wind turbine gear oils to protect gears and bearings from wear and corrosion, ensuring reliable and efficient power generation.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) enhances the performance of lubricants used in hydroelectric power plants, protecting turbines and other equipment from harsh operating conditions.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) in hydraulic fluids for excavators provides robust protection against wear, corrosion, and oxidation, ensuring efficient and reliable operation.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) is used in lubricants for drilling equipment, providing protection against extreme pressures and harsh environmental conditions.

Protects textile machinery from wear and corrosion, enhancing efficiency and longevity, and reducing maintenance costs.
Reduces friction between moving parts, improving efficiency and reducing energy consumption.
Maintains performance under a wide range of temperatures, from low startup temperatures to high operating temperatures.

Forms a protective layer on metal surfaces, reducing wear and extending the life of equipment components.
Provides superior protection against rust and corrosion, particularly in harsh and corrosive environments.
Prevents the formation of deposits, sludge, and varnish, maintaining cleanliness and efficient operation of engines and machinery.

High TBN ensures effective neutralization of acids, protecting engines and machinery from corrosive damage.
Indirectly contributes to reduced emissions by maintaining engine and machinery efficiency, leading to better fuel economy and lower exhaust emissions.
Efforts are ongoing to develop biodegradable derivatives of calcium sulfonate to reduce environmental impact.

Development of environmentally friendly and biodegradable alternatives to traditional OBCS additives.
Research into sourcing raw materials from renewable resources to reduce environmental footprint.
Incorporating nanoparticles with OBCS to enhance properties such as thermal stability, wear protection, and friction reduction.

Creating multi-functional additives that offer comprehensive protection and performance benefits.
Developing specialized lubricants for EV powertrains that require unique properties compared to traditional internal combustion engines.
Exploring applications in aerospace lubricants where extreme operating conditions demand superior performance.

Meeting stringent emission standards and regulations by developing low-ash and low-sulfur formulations.
Ensuring that new formulations comply with health and safety regulations, particularly in food-grade and pharmaceutical applications.

Safety Profile:
Direct contact with Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) can cause irritation to the skin and eyes.
Symptoms may include redness, itching, and burning sensations. Prolonged or repeated exposure can lead to dermatitis or eye irritation.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) dust or aerosols may cause respiratory irritation, coughing, or difficulty breathing.

This risk is typically low under normal handling conditions but may increase in poorly ventilated areas or during activities that generate airborne particles.
Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) may result in gastrointestinal irritation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Ingestion should be avoided, and medical attention sought if ingestion occurs accidentally.

Overbased Calcium Sulfonate (OBCS) itself is not considered highly toxic, it may contain impurities or additives that could pose health risks if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
Methanol or other chemical residues from the manufacturing process could be harmful if present.

OXALALDEHYDE = GLYOXAL = ETHANEDIAL


CAS Number: 107-22-2
EC Number: 203-474-9
MDL number: MFCD00006957
Molecular Formula: C2H2O2 or OHCCHO


Oxalaldehyde is the dialdehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons.
Oxalaldehyde has a role as a pesticide, an agrochemical, an allergen and a plant growth regulator.
Oxalaldehyde is a natural product found in Sesamum indicum with data available.
Oxalaldehyde appears as yellow crystals melting at15 °C.


Hence often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor.
Oxalaldehyde's vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.
Oxalaldehyde is an organic compound with the chemical formula OCHCHO.
Oxalaldehyde is the smallest dialdehyde (a compound with two aldehyde groups).


Oxalaldehyde is a crystalline solid, white at low temperatures and yellow near the melting point (15 °C).
Oxalaldehyde's liquid is yellow, and the vapor is green.
Oxalaldehyde is not commonly encountered because it is usually handled as a 40% aqueous solution (density near 1.24 g/mL).
Oxalaldehyde forms a series of hydrates, including oligomers.


For many purposes, these hydrated oligomers behave equivalently to Oxalaldehyde.
Oxalaldehydeis produced industrially as a precursor to many products.
Oxalaldehyde is a valuable building block in organic synthesis, especially in the synthesis of heterocycles such as imidazoles.
A convenient form of the reagent for use in the laboratory is Oxalaldehyde's bis(hemiacetal) with ethylene glycol, 1,4-dioxane-2,3-diol.


Oxalaldehyde is commercially available.
Oxalaldehyde condenses with urea to afford 4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone, which further reacts with formaldehyde to give the bis(hydroxymethyl) derivative dimethylol ethylene urea, which is used for wrinkle-resistant chemical treatments of clothing, i.e. permanent press.
Oxalaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C2H2O2, With a molecular weight of 58.036.


Oxalaldehyde's appearance is white or gray-white crystalline powder (yellow angular or irregular sheet, become white after cooling), used as pharmaceutical intermediates, fabric finishing agents, dyes and dye intermediates.
Oxalaldehyde's vapor is green and burns with a purple flame.
Rapid polymerization when placed, placed in water (violent reaction), or dissolved in water-containing solvents.


Oxalaldehyde usually exist in various aggregate forms.
The anhydrous polymer then transforms into a monomer upon heating.
Heat the polymer with antipropylene anisane, phenyl ether, yellow camphor, methyl, nonylketone, or benzaldehyde.
Aqueous solution contains single-molecule Oxalaldehyde, which is weakly acidic and chemically active, and can add or condense with ammonia, amide, aldehyde, and compounds containing carboxyl groups.


Oxalaldehyde is the raw material for organic synthesis.
2D-resin is obtained by heating and condensation of ethylene formaldehyde and urea in the presence of sodium carbonate, which is used as fabric finishing agent.
Oxalaldehyde reacts with formaldehyde and ammonium sulfate to synthesize imidazole.


Oxalaldehyde is an intermediate of anti-tuberculosis drug pyrazinamide.
Oxalaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula C2H2O2, With a molecular weight of 58.036.
Oxalaldehyde's appearance is white or gray-white crystalline powder (yellow angular or irregular sheet, become white after cooling), used as pharmaceutical intermediates, fabric finishing agents, dyes and dye intermediates.


Oxalaldehyde is colorless or light yellow liquid, soluble in water, ether and ethanol.
The chemical property of Oxalaldehyde is very active and easy to polymerize into white resin like solid.
Oxalaldehyde can form acetals with compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
Oxalaldehyde is an organic compound with the chemical formula OCHCHO.


Oxalaldehyde is a yellow-colored liquid that evaporates to give a green-colored gas.
Oxalaldehyde is the smallest dialdehyde (two aldehyde groups).
Oxalaldehyde's structure is more complicated than typically represented because the molecule hydrates and oligomerizes.
Oxalaldehyde is produced industrially as a precursor to many products.


Oxalaldehyde is an organic compound with the formula OCHCHO.
Oxalaldehyde is a yellow-colored liquid that evaporates to give a green-colored gas.
Oxalaldehyde is the smallest dialdehyde (two aldehyde groups).
Oxalaldehyde's structure is more complicated than typically represented because the molecule hydrates and oligomerizes.


Oxalaldehyde is produced industrially as a precursor to many products.
Oxalaldehyde is suitable for nucleic acid denaturation, and binding of DNA/RNA to nitrocellulose membrane.
Oxalaldehyde is a crosslinking agent used in protein and carbohydrate chemistry when linking together monomer units.
Oxalaldehyde, also known as 1,2-ethanedione or oxalaldehyde, is a member of the class of compounds known as short-chain aldehydes.


Short-chain aldehydes are an aldehyde with a chain length containing between 2 and 5 carbon atoms.
Oxalaldehyde is soluble (in water) and an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).
Oxalaldehyde is an organic compound with the chemical formula OCHCHO.
Oxalaldehyde is a yellow-colored liquid that evaporates to give a green-colored gas.


Oxalaldehyde is the smallest dialdehyde (two aldehyde groups).
Oxalaldehyde's structure is more complicated than typically represented because the molecule hydrates and oligomerizes.
Oxalaldehyde is produced industrially as a precursor to many products .
Oxalaldehyde is commercially available as a 40% aqueous solution, clear to slightly yellow with a faint, sour odor; Yellow solid that turns white on cooling; Vapors are green; mp = 15 deg C; Liquid; Yellow solid below 15 deg C.


Oxalaldehyde is colourless or light yellow liquid.
Oxalaldehyde that is the smallest possible and which consists of ethane having oxo groups on both carbons.
Oxalaldehyde is yellow crystals melting at15°C.
Hence often encountered as a light yellow liquid with a weak sour odor.
Oxalaldehyde's vapor has a green color and burns with a violet flame.



USES and APPLICATIONS of OXALALDEHYDE:
Cosmetic Uses of Oxalaldehyde: antimicrobial agents
Coated paper and textile finishes use large amounts of Oxalaldehyde as a crosslinker for starch-based formulations.
Oxalaldehyde is used as a solubilizer and cross-linking agent in polymer chemistry.
Oxalaldehyde solutions can also be used as a fixative for histology, that is, a method of preserving cells for examining them under a microscope.


Oxalaldehyde is mainly used in the textile industry, and the fiber treatment agent can increase the spinning and anti-wrinkle properties of cotton, nylon and other fibers, and is a durability pressing finishing agent.
In Japan, this use accounts for 80% of the total consumption of Oxalaldehyde.
Oxalaldehyde is an insoluble adhesive such as gelatin, animal glue, cheese, polyvinyl alcohol and starch.


Oxalaldehyde is also used in the leather industry and in making waterproof matches.
Hydroxyphenylacetic acid produced by Oxalaldehyde has been industrially produced in Japan and used as an intermediate for antimicrobials and vitamin A series of products.
Oxalaldehyde is also used for the synthesis of berberine hydrochloride and sulfonamide.


Oxalaldehyde is also used in insecticide remover, deodorant, body preservative, sand curing agent.
Oxalaldehyde and the ring are used to obtain benzypyrazine.
Oxalaldehyde is mainly used as raw materials for glyoxylic acid, M2D resin, imidazole and other products, as well as insoluble adhesives for gelatin, animal glue, cheese, polyvinyl alcohol and starch, and shrinkage inhibitors for rayon.


In medicine, Oxalaldehyde is mainly used for special cycloimidazole drugs, such as metronidazole, dimethylnitroimidazole, imidazole, etc.
In terms of intermediates, Oxalaldehyde is mainly used as glyoxylic acid, D-p-hydroxyphenylglycine, allantoin, phenylpharyngeal enzyme, berberine, etc.
In light textile, Oxalaldehyde is mainly used as garment finishing agent, 2D resin, M2D resin, etc.


In the paper industry, Oxalaldehyde is mainly used as sizing agent to increase the moisture resistance of paper.
Oxalaldehyde is a very effective crosslinking factor in polymer chemistry and can be used as crosslinking agent.
In the construction industry, Oxalaldehyde can be used as the curing agent of cement to improve the setting strength and control landslides, which can prevent soil loss and collapse.


Oxalaldehyde is used as a solubilizer and cross-linking agent in polymer chemistry for: proteins (leather tanning process), collagen, cellulose derivatives (textiles), hydrocolloids, and starch (paper coatings).
Coated paper and textile finishes use large amounts of Oxalaldehyde as a crosslinker for starch-based formulations.
Oxalaldehyde condenses with urea to afford 4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone, which further reacts with formaldehyde to give the bis(hydroxymethyl) derivative used for wrinkle-resistant chemical treatments.


Oxalaldehyde, 40 % Solution is used to denature nucleic acids by forming stable complexes with guanine residues
Oxalaldehyde is used Manufacture of organic products, manufacture of resins.
Oxalaldehyde can be found in garden tomato (variety), ginger, and sesame, which makes Oxalaldehyde a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.


Oxalaldehyde is a versatile crosslinking agent used in a variety of applications including textiles, paper, epoxy curing, cosmetics, oil & gas, and cleaners.
Oxalaldehyde 40% is most widely used as a cross-linking agent for the resins for textiles, leathers and papers, for water soluble polymers such as carboxy methyl cellulose and cellulose ethers, for H2S scavenger in oil & gas fields.
Oxalaldehyde is also used as intermediate for pharmaceuticals and pesticides.


Oxalaldehyde is used in paper and textile production, leather tanning, textile dyeing, embalming, curing and cross-linking polymers.
Oxalaldehyde is also used as biocide and disinfectant and to make proteins and other materials insoluble.
Oxalaldehyde is used in organic synthesis and glues.
Oxalaldehyde is used predominantly as a chemical intermediate.


Oxalaldehyde is also used as reducing agent in the photographic industry and to make silvered mirrors;
Oxalaldehyde, difunctional low mole weight aldehyde, is a highly reactive intermediate used for the preparation of copolymers, dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, corrosion inhibitors and photographic chemicals.
Oxalaldehyde is used as a dispersant water soluble polymers, starches, cellulosic materials, proteins (casein, gelatin and animal glue), and polyhydroxyl groups.


Oxalaldehyde is used in soil and cement stabilizing.
Oxalaldehyde is also used to improve moisture resistance in paper, leather and glue.
Oxalaldehyde is used in embalming fluids, for leather tanning, and for rayon shrink-proofing.
Oxalaldehyde is used as a sulfide scavenger.


Oxalaldehyde is used permanent-press fabrics; dimensional stabilization of rayon and other fibers. Insolubilizing agent for compounds containing polyhydroxyl groups (polyvinyl alcohol, starch, and cellulosic materials); insolubilizing of proteins (casein, gelatin, and animal glue); embalming fluids; leather tanning; paper coatings with hydroxyethylcellulose; reducing agent in dyeing textiles.
Oxalaldehyde is used in the production of textilesand glues and in organic synthesis.
Oxalaldehyde is used to prepare 4,5-dihydroxy-2-imidazolidinone by condensation with urea.


Oxalaldehyde finds application in leather tanning process, textile finishes and paper coatings.
Oxalaldehyde is an important building block in the synthesis of imidazoles.
Oxalaldehyde acts as a solubilizer and cross-linking agent in polymer chemistry.
Further, Oxalaldehyde is used as a fixative for histology to preserve cells in order to examine under a microscope.



PRODUCTION of OXALALDEHYDE:
Oxalaldehyde was first prepared and named by the German-British chemist Heinrich Debus (1824–1915) by reacting ethanol with nitric acid.
Commercial Oxalaldehyde is prepared either by the gas-phase oxidation of ethylene glycol in the presence of a silver or copper catalyst (the Laporte process) or by the liquid-phase oxidation of acetaldehyde with nitric acid.
Industrial synthesis of Oxalaldehyde (Laporte-process).svg
Industrial synthesis of Oxalaldehyde (acetaldehyde process).svg
The first commercial Oxalaldehyde source was in Lamotte, France, started in 1960.
The single largest commercial source is BASF in Ludwigshafen, Germany, at around 60,000 tons per year.
Other production sites exist also in the US and China.
Commercial bulk Oxalaldehyde is made and reported as a 40% solution in water by weight (approx. 1:5 molar ratio of Oxalaldehyde to water).



LABORATORY METHODS of OXALALDEHYDE:
Oxalaldehyde may be synthesized in the laboratory by oxidation of acetaldehyde with selenious acid or by ozonolysis of benzene.
Anhydrous Oxalaldehyde is prepared by heating solid Oxalaldehyde hydrate(s) with phosphorus pentoxide and condensing the vapors in a cold trap.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of OXALALDEHYDE:
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS of OXALALDEHYDE:
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Short-chain aldehyde
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



SPECIATION IN SOLUTION of OXALALDEHYDE:
Oxalaldehyde is supplied typically as a 40% aqueous solution.
Like other small aldehydes, Oxalaldehyde forms hydrates.
Furthermore, the hydrates condense to give a series of oligomers, some of which remain of uncertain structure.
For most applications, the exact nature of the species in solution is inconsequential.
At least one hydrate of Oxalaldehyde is sold commercially, Oxalaldehyde trimer dihydrate: [(CHO)2]3(H2O)2 (CAS 4405-13-4).
Other Oxalaldehyde equivalents are available, such as the ethylene glycol hemiacetal 1,4-dioxane-trans-2,3-diol (CAS 4845-50-5, m.p. 91–95 °C).

It is estimated that, at concentrations less than 1 M, Oxalaldehyde exists predominantly as the monomer or hydrates thereof, i.e., OCHCHO, OCHCH(OH)2, or (HO)2CHCH(OH)2.
At concentrations above 1 M, dimers predominate.
These dimers are probably dioxolanes, with the formula [(HO)CH]2O2CHCHO.
Dimer and trimers precipitate as solids from cold solutions.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of OXALALDEHYDE:
Molecular Weight: 58.04
Chemical formula: C2H2O2
Molar mass: 58.036 g·mol−1
Melting point: 15 °C (59 °F; 288 K)
Boiling point: 51 °C (124 °F; 324 K)
Molecular Weight: 58.04
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 58.005479302
Monoisotopic Mass: 58.005479302
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 25
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point (℃): 15
Boiling point: 51℃
Refractive index: 1.3826
Relative density (water =1): 1.14
Boiling point (℃): 50.5
molecular formula:C2H2O2
Molecular weight: 58.04
Solubility: soluble in ethanol, ether, soluble in water

Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,270 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Min. Purity Spec: 40% w/w aq. soln, ca. 8.8mol/L
Physical Form (at 20°C): Liquid
Melting Point: -14°C
Boiling Point: 104°C
Density: 1.27
Refractive Index: 1.41
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place

Density: 1.270 g/mL
Molar volume: 45.7 mL/mol
Refractive index: 1.383
Molecular refractive power: 10.65 mL/mol
Dipole moment: 4.80 D
Melting point: 15 °C
Boiling point: 51 °C
Water Solubility: 218 g/L
logP: -0.04
logP: -0.0036
logS: 0.57
pKa (Strongest Basic): -7.8
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 0

Polar Surface Area: 34.14 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Refractivity: 12.56 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 4.5 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid to solid (est)
Assay: 96.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.26500 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: 14.00 to 16.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 49.00 to 51.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 255.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)

Flash Point: 24.00 °F. TCC ( -4.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -0.549 (est)
Shelf Life: 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: refrigerate in tightly sealed containers.
Melting point: -14 °C
Boiling point: 104 °C
Density: 1.265 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 18 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.409
Flash point: 104°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: water: soluble(lit.)
form: Liquid
color: Clear colorless to yellow
Water Solubility: miscible



FIRST AID MEASURES of OXALALDEHYDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of OXALALDEHYDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of OXALALDEHYDE:
-Extinguishing media:
Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of OXALALDEHYDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of OXALALDEHYDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12: Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of OXALALDEHYDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
GLYOXAL
Ethanedial
107-22-2
Oxalaldehyde
oxaldehyde
1,2-Ethanedione
Biformyl
Diformyl
Glyoxylaldehyde
Biformal
Diformal
Oxal
Aerotex glyoxal 40
Glyoxal aldehyde
Ethanedial, trimer
Ethanediol, trimer
Glyoxal, 40 % Solution
DTXSID5025364
CHEBI:34779
Glyoxal, 40% solution in water
50NP6JJ975
NCGC00091228-01
DSSTox_CID_5364
DSSTox_RID_77764
DSSTox_GSID_25364
Glyoxal, 40%
Ethanedione
Glyoxal solutions
CAS-107-22-2
CCRIS 952
Ethane-1,2-dione
ODIX
C2H2O2
HSDB 497
Glyoxal solution, ~40% in H2O (~8.8 M)
Glyoxal, 29.2%
EINECS 203-474-9
BRN 1732463
hydroxyketene
Ethandial
Glycoxal
ethane dial
UNII-50NP6JJ975
AI3-24108
(oxo)acetaldehyde
ethane-1,2-dial
Protectol GL 40
glyoxal (ethanedial)
MFCD00006957
oxalic acid dihydride
hydroxymethylene ketone
NSC 262684
EC 203-474-9
Glyoxal solution, 40.0%
4-01-00-03625
BIDD:ER0284
(CHO)2
Glyoxal, Biformyl, Oxalaldehyde
CHEMBL1606435
Glyoxal, 40% w/w aq. soln.
STR01281
ZINC8437750
Tox21_111105
Tox21_202517
BBL011519
NSC262684
STL146635
AKOS000119169
Glyoxal solution, 40 wt. % in H2O
NSC-262684
NCGC00260066-01
Glyoxal solution, CP, 40 wt. % in H2O
FT-0626792
G0152
Q413465
J-001740
F2191-0152
Glyoxal solution, ~40% in H2O, for HPLC derivatization
Glyoxal solution, BioReagent, for molecular biology, ~40% in H2O (~8.8 M)
Glyoxal 40%
Ethanedial
Bisformyl
Glyoxylaldehyde
Glyoxal Solution
Diformyl; Ethanedial
1,2-ethanedione
Oxalaldehyde
Unox G40
BISFORMYL
glyoxylaldehyde;GLYOXAL SOLUTION
GLYOXAL
DIFORMYL
ETHANEDIAL
1,2-ethanedione
Oxalaldehyde
1,2-Ethanedione
Aurarez 136
Biformal
Biformyl
Cartabond GH
Cartabond GHF
Daicel GY 60
Diformyl
Earth Works Linkup Plus
Ethanedione; Freechem 40DL
GX
GX (aldehyde)
Glyfix CS 50
Glyoxal 40L
Glyoxal T 40
Glyoxal aldehyde
Glyoxazal
Glyoxazal GX Glyoxylaldehyde
Gohsezal P
Oxal
Oxalaldehyde
Permafresh 114
Protorez BLF-C
XH 536
1,2-Ethanedione
BIFORMAL
BIFORMYL
DIFORMAL
DIFORMYL
ETHANDIAL
ETHANEDIAL
ETHANEDIONE
Ethanedione-1,2
Glyoxal
GLYOXAL ALDEHYDE
Glyoxal
GLYOXYLALDEHYDE
OXAL
OXALALDEHYDE
OXALIC ALDEHYDE
(CHO)2 biospider
1,2-Ethanedione
Aerotex glyoxal 40
Biformal
Biformyl
Diformal
Diformyl
Ethandial
Ethane-1,2-dial
Ethane-1,2-dione
1,2-Ethanedione
Aerotex glyoxal 40
Biformal
Biformyl
Diformal
Diformyl
Ethanedial
Glyoxylaldehyde
Oxal
Oxalaldehyde
Glyoxal, 29.2%
Glyoxal, 40%
Glyoxal solutions
Glyoxal Solution
1,2-Ethanedione
Aurarez 136
Biformal; Biformyl
Cartabond GH
Cartabond GHF
Daicel GY 60
Diformyl
Earth Works Linkup Plus
Ethanedione
Freechem 40DL
GX
GX (aldehyde)
Glyfix CS 50
Glyoxal 40L
Glyoxal T 40
Glyoxal aldehyde
Glyoxazal
Glyoxazal GX
Glyoxylaldehyde
Gohsezal P
Oxal
Oxalaldehyde
Permafresh 114
Protorez BLF-C
Oxalaldehyde
Oxaldehyde
GLYOXA
ETHANEDIAL
GLYOXAL SOLUTION
(CHO)2
Ethandial
DIFORMYL
Ethanedione
Glyoxal aqueous solution

OXALIC ACID Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is an organic compound with the formula C2H2O4. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water. Its condensed formula is HOOCCOOH, reflecting its classification as the simplest dicarboxylic acid. Its acid strength is much greater than that of acetic acid. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate (C2O2−4), is a chelating agent for metal cations. Typically, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) occurs as the dihydrate with the formula C2H2O4·2H2O. It occurs naturally in many foods, but excessive ingestion of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) or prolonged skin contact can be dangerous. Its name comes from the fact that early investigators isolated Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels. History of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) The preparation of salts of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) (crab acid) from plants had been known, at the latest, since 1745, when the Dutch botanist and physician Herman Boerhaave isolated a salt from sorrel. By 1773, François Pierre Savary of Fribourg, Switzerland had isolated Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) from its salt in sorrel. In 1776, Swedish chemists Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Olof Bergman produced Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) by reacting sugar with concentrated nitric acid; Scheele called the acid that resulted socker-syra or såcker-syra (sugar acid). By 1784, Scheele had shown that "sugar acid" and Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) from natural sources were identical. In 1824, the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler obtained Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) by reacting cyanogen with ammonia in aqueous solution. This experiment may represent the first synthesis of a natural product. Preparation of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) (Crab Acid) is mainly manufactured by the oxidation of carbohydrates or glucose using nitric acid or air in the presence of vanadium pentoxide. A variety of precursors can be used including glycolic acid and ethylene glycol. A newer method entails oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to give the diesters of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit): 4 ROH + 4 CO + O2 → 2 (CO2R)2 + 2 H2O These diesters are subsequently hydrolyzed to Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit). Approximately 120,000 tonnes are produced annually. Historically Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) was obtained exclusively by using caustics, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, on sawdust.[15] Pyrolysis of sodium formate (ultimately prepared from carbon monoxide), leads to the formation of sodium oxalate, easily converted to Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit). Laboratory methods Although it can be readily purchased, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) can be prepared in the laboratory by oxidizing sucrose using nitric acid in the presence of a small amount of vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst. The hydrated solid can be dehydrated with heat or by azeotropic distillation. Developed in the Netherlands, an electrocatalysis by a copper complex helps reduce carbon dioxide to Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit);[18] this conversion uses carbon dioxide as a feedstock to generate Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit). Structure of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) Anhydrous Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) exists as two polymorphs; in one the hydrogen-bonding results in a chain-like structure whereas the hydrogen bonding pattern in the other form defines a sheet-like structure. Because the anhydrous material is both acidic and hydrophilic (water seeking), it is used in esterifications. Reactions of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is a relatively strong acid, despite being a carboxylic acid: C2O4H2 ⇌ C2O4H− + H+ pKa = 1.27 C2O4H− ⇌ C2O2−4 + H+ pKa = 4.27 Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) undergoes many of the reactions characteristic of other carboxylic acids. It forms esters such as dimethyl oxalate (m.p. 52.5 to 53.5 °C (126.5 to 128.3 °F)). It forms an acid chloride called oxalyl chloride. Oxalate, the conjugate base of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit), is an excellent ligand for metal ions, e.g. the drug oxaliplatin. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) and oxalates can be oxidized by permanganate in an autocatalytic reaction. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit)'s pKa values vary in the literature from 1.25-1.46 and 3.81-4.40. The 100th ed of the CRC, released in 2019 has values of 1.25 and 3.81. Occurrence of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) Biosynthesis At least two pathways exist for the enzyme-mediated formation of oxalate. In one pathway, oxaloacetate, a component of the Krebs citric acid cycle, is hydrolyzed to oxalate and acetic acid by the enzyme oxaloacetase: [O2CC(O)CH2CO2]2− + H2O → C2O2−4 + CH3CO−2 + H+ It also arises from the dehydrogenation of glycolic acid, which is produced by the metabolism of ethylene glycol. Occurrence in foods and plants Calcium oxalate is the most common component of kidney stones. Early investigators isolated Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) from wood-sorrel (Oxalis). Members of the spinach family and the brassicas (cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts) are high in oxalates, as are sorrel and umbellifers like parsley.[27] Rhubarb leaves contain about 0.5% Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit), and jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) contains calcium oxalate crystals. Similarly, the Virginia creeper, a common decorative vine, produces Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) in its berries as well as oxalate crystals in the sap, in the form of raphides. Bacteria produce oxalates from oxidation of carbohydrates. Plants of the genus Fenestraria produce optical fibers made from crystalline Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) to transmit light to subterranean photosynthetic sites.[28] Carambola, also known as starfruit, also contains Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) along with caramboxin. Citrus juice contains small amounts of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit). Citrus fruits produced in organic agriculture contain less Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) than those produced in conventional agriculture. The formation of naturally occurring calcium oxalate patinas on certain limestone and marble statues and monuments has been proposed to be caused by the chemical reaction of the carbonate stone with Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) secreted by lichen or other microorganisms. Production by fungi Many soil fungus species secrete Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit), resulting in greater solubility of metal cations, increased availability of certain soil nutrients, and can lead to the formation of calcium oxalate crystals. Other Oxidized bitumen or bitumen exposed to gamma rays also contains Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) among its degradation products. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) may increase the leaching of radionuclides conditioned in bitumen for radioactive waste disposal. Biochemistry The conjugate base of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is the hydrogenoxalate anion, and its conjugate base (oxalate) is a competitive inhibitor of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme. LDH catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid (end product of the fermentation (anaerobic) process) oxidising the coenzyme NADH to NAD+ and H+ concurrently. Restoring NAD+ levels is essential to the continuation of anaerobic energy metabolism through glycolysis. As cancer cells preferentially use anaerobic metabolism (see Warburg effect) inhibition of LDH has been shown to inhibit tumor formation and growth, thus is an interesting potential course of cancer treatment. Applications About 25% of produced Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) will be used as a mordant in dyeing processes. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is used in bleaches, especially for pulpwood. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is also used in baking powder and as a third reagent in silica analysis instruments. Cleaning of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit)'s main applications include cleaning or bleaching, especially for the removal of rust (iron complexing agent). Its utility in rust removal agents is due to its forming a stable, water-soluble salt with ferric iron, ferrioxalate ion. Extractive metallurgy Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is an important reagent in lanthanide chemistry. Hydrated lanthanide oxalates form readily in very strongly acidic solutions in a densely crystalline, easily filtered form, largely free of contamination by nonlanthanide elements. Thermal decomposition of these oxalates gives the oxides, which is the most commonly marketed form of these elements. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is used by some beekeepers as a miticide against the parasitic varroa mite. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is used to clean minerals. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is sometimes used in the aluminum anodizing process, with or without sulfuric acid. Compared to sulfuric acid anodizing, the coatings obtained are thinner and exhibit lower surface roughness. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is an ingredient in some tooth whitening products. Toxicity of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) in concentrated form can have harmful effects through contact and if ingested. It is not identified as mutagenic or carcinogenic, although there is a study suggesting it might cause breast cancer; there is a possible risk of congenital malformation in the fetus; may be harmful if inhaled, and is extremely destructive to tissue of mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract; harmful if swallowed; harmful to and destructive of tissue and causes burns if absorbed through the skin or is in contact with the eyes. Symptoms and effects include a burning sensation, cough, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx, inflammation and edema of the bronchi, pneumonitis, pulmonary edema. In humans, ingested Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) has an oral LDLo (lowest published lethal dose) of 600 mg/kg. It has been reported that the lethal oral dose is 15 to 30 grams. Oxalate may enter cells where it is known to cause mitochondrial dysfunction. The toxicity of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is due to kidney failure caused by precipitation of solid calcium oxalate, the main component of calcium kidney stones. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) can also cause joint pain by formation of similar precipitates in the joints. Ingestion of ethylene glycol results in Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) as a metabolite which can also cause acute kidney failure. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is an odorless white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an oxalate(1-) and an oxalate. The absorption of (14)C-labelled Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) was studied in Wistar rats, CD-1 mice and NMRI mice. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) in solution was given to the animals by gavage either with water alone or with 0.625 g/kg body wt of xylitol. Both xylitol adapted animals and animals not previously exposed to xylitol were used. Adaptation to xylitol diets enhanced the absorption and urinary excretion of the label (Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit)) in both strains of mice but not in rats. Earlier studies have indicated a high incidence of bladder calculi in mice but not in rats fed high amounts of xylitol. The results of the present study offer one likely explanation for the increased formation of bladder calculi as a result of over saturation of urine with oxalate. Piridoxilate is an association of glyoxylic acid and pyridoxine in which pyridoxine is supposed to facilitate in vivo transformation of glyoxylic acid to glycine rather than to Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit). However, it has recently been shown that long term treatment with piridoxilate may result in over production of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) and in calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. A patient in whom piridoxilate induced both oxalate nephrolithiasis and chronic oxalate nephropathy with renal insufficiency, an association that has not been previously described, was reported. Therefore, piridoxilate should be added to the list of chemicals responsible for chronic oxalate nephropathy. Metabolically its toxicity is believed due to the capacity of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) to immobilize calcium and thus upset the calcium-potassium ratio in critical tissues. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is a waste chemical stream constituent which may be subjected to ultimate disposal by controlled incineration. Pretreatment involves chemical reaction with limestone or calcium oxide forming calcium oxalate. This may then be incinerated utilizing particulate collection equipment to collect calcium oxide for recycling. Residues of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a calcium chelating hard water inhibitor in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Limits: No more Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) should be used than is necessary to chelate calcium and, in no case, should more than 2 lb Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) per acre be used. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is hygroscopic and sensitive to heat. This compound may react violently with furfuryl alcohol, silver, sodium, perchlorate, sodium hypochlorite, strong oxidizers, sodium chlorite, acid chlorides, metals and alkali metals. (NTP, 1992). The heating of mixtures of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) and urea has lead to explosions. This is due to the rapid generation of the gases CO2, CO, and NH3. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) and urea react at high temperatures to form toxic and flammable ammonia and carbon monoxide gases, and inert CO2 gas Residues of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) are exempted from the requirement of a tolerance when used as a calcium chelating hard water inhibitor in accordance with good agricultural practices as inert (or occasionally active) ingredients in pesticide formulations applied to growing crops or to raw agricultural commodities after harvest. Limits: No more Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) should be used than is necessary to chelate calcium and, in no case, should more than 2 lb Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) per acre be used. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is naturally contained as the potassium or calcium salt in plants, vegetables, human urine, animal urine, and kidney stones. It is also the product of the metabolism of many molds. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) may be released to the environment in tobacco smoke, automobile exhaust, rendering, in waste streams from pulp bleaching, and by photochemical oxidations of anthropogenic compounds during long range transport. If released to soil, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) under environmental conditions (pH 5-9) will be in the form of the oxalate ion (pKa1 and pKa2 of 1.25 and 4.28, respectively) and is expected to leach in soil. Photolysis is expected to be an important fate process; the daytime persistence of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) on soil surfaces is not expected to exceed a few hours. Based upon screening biodegradation tests, biodegradation in soil is expected to be important. If released to water, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) will not volatilize, adsorb to sediment, bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms, oxidize or hydrolyze. The predominant aquatic fate processes are expected to be photolysis in surface waters and aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation. If released to the atmosphere, removal from air via wet deposition, dry deposition, and photolysis is likely to occur. Exposure of the general population to Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is expected to occur through consumption of foods in which it is naturally contained, inhalation of contaminated air, and consumption of contaminated groundwater. In occupational settings, exposure to Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) may occur through inhalation of vapors and through eye and skin contact. Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) may be released to the environment as emissions from rendering, tobacco smoke(1), and automobile exhaust(2). Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) may be produced in the atmosphere by photochemical oxidations of anthropogenic compounds during long range transport(3). Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) has been identified in pulp kraft mill effluents(4-6); therefore, it may be released to the environment in waste streams resulting from pulp bleaching(SRC). The estimated emission rate of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) in the South East Air Basin, CA is 87 kg/day(7). TERRESTRIAL FATE: An estimated Koc value of 5(1,SRC) for Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) indicates high mobility in soil(2) and Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) has been detected in groundwater(3). Volatilization from moist soils is not expected to be rapid based upon a low Henry's Law constant. Several screening studies indicate rapid biodegradation of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit)(4-8). Although these studies are not specific to soil media, they suggest that Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) will readily biodegrade in soil. The Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) concn in another study was determined to decrease from 30 mg/kg on a soil surface to about 6 mg/kg 540 cm below the soil surface(3) which suggests that biodegradation may have occurred(SRC). Photolysis is expected to be an important terrestrial fate process; the daytime persistence of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) on soil surfaces is not expected to exceed a few hours(9). AQUATIC FATE: Several screening studies(4-8) and grab sample tests(9) indicate that under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) will readily biodegrade in aquatic ecosystems. Based on an experimental Henry's Law constant of 1.4X10-10 atm-cu m/mole at 25 °C(2), Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water(1). Adsorption to sediment and bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may not be important fate processes for Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) in water systems. Based on pKa1 and pKa2 values of 1.25 and 4.28(3), respectively, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) will exist primarily as the oxalate ion under environmental conditions (pH 5-9,SRC). Aquatic oxidation is not likely to be an important fate process based on a half-life of 285 yrs in water under continuous sunlight(3,SRC). Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) may react slowly in water with photochemically produced OH radicals, but it is expected to be removed rapidly from surface water by direct photolysis; the daytime persistence of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is not expected to exceed a few hours(10). ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on a measured vapor pressure of 2.3410-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere(3). In the vapor phase, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) in the ambient atmosphere is very slowly degraded by reaction with photochemically formed hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air can be estimated to be about 223 days(1). Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) in the ambient atmosphere may react slowly with OH radicals, but it is removed rapidly by photolysis; the daytime persistence of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is not expected to exceed a few hours(4). Based on its high water solubility, removal from air via wet deposition is likely to occur(4,SRC). Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) may also be removed from air via dry deposition with 11% of the total deposition being dry deposition(4). Six tests at Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) initial concns of 3.3 to 10 ppm exhibited 75 to 202 %BODT over an incubation period of 5 days in an aerobic screening study using sewage inoculum(1). A 78 and 55.5 %BODT for Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) was measured under aerobic conditions over a period of 5 days in screening tests at 20 °C using sewage inoculum(2). Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) at initial concns of 0.00375, 0.0375, and 0.375 ppm exhibited 95, 99, and 100% degradation, respectively, in an aerobic screening study at 25 °C using sewage inoculum(3). In another screening study using sewage inoculum, 68 and 64 %BODT were measured for Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) at initial concns of 10 and 20 ppm, respectively, over a 5 day incubation period(4). An 89 %BODT was measured for Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) (10 ppm initial concn) in an aerobic screening study using sewage inoculum at 19.5-20.5 °C over an incubation period of 5 days(5). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals can be estimated to be 7.2X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C which corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 223 days at an atmospheric concn of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Acids are generally resistent to hydrolysis(4); therefore, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is not expected to hydrolyze in aquatic environments. Based on dissociation constant values pKa1 and pKa2 of 1.25 and 4.28(1), respectively; Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is expected to exist as an ion under environmental conditions (pH 5-9). The aquatic oxidation rate for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals in water with the oxalate ion has been experimentally determined to be 7.7X10+6 L/mole-s at pH 6(1). Based on this rate and a hydroxyl radical concn of 1X10-17 mole/L in water under continuous sunlight(3), the half-life for the aquatic oxidation of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) can be estimated to be 285 yrs(SRC). Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) may react slowly with OH in water, but it is removed rapidly by direct photolysis; the daytime persistence of Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) is not expected to exceed a few hours(5). Based on an average experimental water solubility of 220,000 mg/L at 25 °C(1) and a regression derived equation(2), the Koc for undissociated Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) can be estimated to be approximately 5. This Koc value indicates that Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) will have very high mobility in soil(3); therefore, adsorption to soil and sediment may not be an important fate process. Based on pKa1 and pKa2 values of 1.25 and 4.28(4) respectively, Oxalic acid (OXALIC ACID, oksalik asit) will exist primarily as the oxalate ion under environmental conditions (pH 5-9). No experimental data are available to determine whether the oxalate ion will adsorb to sediment or soil more strongly than its estimated Koc value indicates(SRC).

Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with a chemical formula C2H2O4.
Oxalic acid is also known as Ethanedioic acid or Oxiric acid.
Oxalic acid is found in many vegetables and plants.
Oxalic acid is the simplest dicarboxylic acid with condensed formula HOOC-COOH and has an acidic strength greater than acetic acid.


CAS Number: 144-62-7 (anhydrous)
6153-56-6 (dihydrate)
EC Number: 205-634-3
MDL number: MFCD00002573
Molecular Formula: C2H2O4 or (COOH)2 or HOOCCOOH


Oxalic acid is an odorless white solid.
Oxalic acid sinks and mixes with water.
Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and Oxalic acid's conjugate base, known as oxalate (C2O2−4), is a chelating agent for metal cations.


Typically, Oxalic acid occurs as the dihydrate with the formula C2H2O4•2H2O.
Oxalic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.
The body also produces Oxalic acid as waste.


Foods rich in oxalates also contain other nutrients that your body needs for good health.
Oxalic acid has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Oxalic acid is manufactured by heating sodium formate in the presence of an alkali catalyst, by oxidizing carbohydrates with nitric acid, by heating sawdust with caustic alkalies, or by fermentation of sugar solutions in the presence of certain molds.


Oxalic acid is a conjugate acid of an oxalate(1-) and an oxalate.
Oxalic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Oxalic acid is the simplest dicarboxylic acid and has two hydrogen atoms, two carbon atoms, and four oxygen atoms.


Oxalic acid, also called ethanedioic acid, a colourless, crystalline, toxic organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.
Oxalic acid is a colorless crystalline solid that dissolves in water to give colorless solutions.
Oxalic acid is mainly produced by the oxidation of carbohydrates or glucose in the presence of vanadium pentoxide using nitric acid or air.


Oxalic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
The formula of oxalic acid is (C2H2O4); its usual form is that of the crystalline hydrate, (COOH)2·2H2O.


Oxalic acid, which is shown with the chemical formula COOH2, is found in nature as a calcium salt in the rhubarb plant, in the plant called sorrel as the sodium salt, and in the sap of some plants.
Most plant sources contain this organic acid.
Plants such as spinach, tomatoes, sorrel are in it.


The density of anhydrous Oxalic acid is 1.90 grams / cubic centimeter.
The density of Oxalic acid dihydrate is 1.653 grams per cubic centimeter.
Oxalic acid is known as a constituent of wood sorrel as early as the 17th century, oxalic acid was first prepared synthetically in 1776.


The formula of Oxalic acid is (C2H2O4); Oxalic acid's usual form is that of the crystalline hydrate, (COOH)2•2H2O.
Oxalic acid is manufactured by heating sodium formate in the presence of an alkali catalyst, by oxidizing carbohydrates with nitric acid, by heating sawdust with caustic alkalies, or by fermentation of sugar solutions in the presence of certain molds.


Oxalic acid, which enters a biologically living system and body, forms salts with ions there.
Calcium oxalate, which is the most common salt, accumulates in the body, usually in the urinary system, especially in the kidneys, causing stone formation.
Oxalic acid, also called Oxalic acid, a colourless, crystalline, toxic organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.


Oxalic acid is an organic compound found in many plants, including leafy greens, vegetables, fruits, cocoa, nuts, and seeds.
In plants, it’s usually bound to minerals, forming oxalate.
The terms “oxalic acid” and “oxalate” are used interchangeably in nutrition science.


Leafy greens, legumes, and most other plant foods contain a nutrient called oxalate or Oxalic acid.
Oxalic acid's a naturally occurring chemical you get through your diet.
In other words, the rates vary for each region.


Oxalic acid is recommended to apply this once a year.
When Oxalic acid mixes with other minerals, it forms oxalate.
People regularly use the two terms interchangeably to refer to the same thing.


Your body produces oxalate and also gets it from food sources.
The molecular weight of the dihydrate of Oxalic acid is equivalent to 126.065 grams per mole.
Under standard conditions, Oxalic acid exists as an essentially crystalline white solid and is odorless.


Your body can produce oxalate on its own or obtain it from food.
Vitamin C can also be converted into oxalate when it’s metabolized.
Once consumed, oxalate can bind to minerals to form compounds, including calcium oxalate and iron oxalate.


Oxalic acid is an organic, hydrophilic, toxic reducing agent; the simplest dicarboxylic acid.
Apart from that, Oxalic acid is also produced in the body by metabolism of ascorbic acid or glyoxylic acid.
Because Oxalic acid is an acid, Oxalic acid can form a salt with an ion in the environment.


Oxalic acid is applied by mixing some Oxalic acid into the sugar syrup prepared with warm water and dripping on the bees when the bee is in clusters and there are no closed brood at an outdoor temperature below 10 degrees.
Oxalic acid used in the control of varroa in honey bees is Oxalic acid hydrate with the chemical formula C2H2O4 - 2H2O.


Oxalic acid dihydrate has been evaluated as a treatment for reducing populations of naturally occurring microorganisms.
Oxalic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as dicarboxylic acids and derivatives.
Oxalic acid is one of the strongest organic acids with pKa values of 1.3 and 4.3 and is a widely occurring natural product of animals, plants and other organisms.


Oxalic acid, which is otherwise known as Oxalic acid, is a colorless, crystalline, organic compound from the dicarboxylic acid family found in many plants.
This mostly occurs in the colon, but can also take place in the kidneys and other parts of the urinary tract.
Oxalic acid is an odorless white solid.


Oxalic acid sinks and mixes with water.
Oxalic acid is also a reducing agent.
The anions of Oxalic acid as well as Oxalic acid's salts and esters are known as oxalates.


In most people, these compounds are then eliminated in the stool or urine.
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the IUPAC name Oxalic acid and formula HO2C−CO2H.
Oxalic acid is the simplest dicarboxylic acid.


In order to make these, there are evaporation apparatuses inside the hive, and Oxalic acid is evaporated outside and sent into the hive through a pipe.
Oxalic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Oxalic acid’s molar mass of 90.03 g/mol and has two carboxylic acid (COOH) groups.
Oxalic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid in plants, vegetables, etc.
These are organic compounds containing exactly two carboxylic acid groups.


Oxalic acid is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid.
Oxalic acid may also be synthesized via the metabolism of either glyoxylic acid or unused ascorbic acid (vitamin C), which is a serious health consideration for long term megadosers of vitamin C supplements.


Oxalic acid has a minimum purity of 98%.
Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula H2C2O4 also known as Oxalic acid.
Oxalic acid is the chemical compound with the formula H2C2O4.


This dicarboxylic acid, Oxalic acid, is better described with the formula HO2CCO2H.
When dissolved in water, Oxalic acid is known to form a colorless solution.
Oxalic acid is considered to be the simplest dicarboxylic acid because Oxalic acid is composed of two carboxyl groups.


Oxalic acid is produced by the oxidation of carbohydrates.
Oxalic acid is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water.
Oxalic acid is an organic compound with the formula C2H2O4.


The molecular weight of anhydrous Oxalic acid is 90.034 grams per mole.
Oxalic acid is very soluble in water.
The solubility of Oxalic acid in water ranges from 90 to 100 grams per liter at a temperature of 20 degrees Celsius.


Oxalic acid is soluble in both ethanol and diethyl ether.
Oxalic acid can also be prepared in the laboratory by the oxidation of sucrose in the presence of nitric acid and a catalyst like vanadium pentoxide.
Oxalic acid is also known as Oxalic acid and Oxalic acid is a colorless, crystalline, toxic organic compound.


The chemical formulation of Oxalic acid is C2H2O4 belonging to the family of carboxylic acids and the Oxalic acid's condensed formula is HOOCCOOH, reflecting Oxalic acid's classification as the simplest dicarboxylic acid.
Oxalic acid has a structure with two polymorphs and it appears as a white crystalline solid which becomes a colourless solution when dissolved in water.


Oxalic acid Dihydrate is the simplest dicarboxylic acid and appears as a white solid powder.
Oxalic acid is soluble in water and becomes colorless when dissolved in water.
Various precursors can be used, including glycolic acid and ethylene glycol.


A newer method requires oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to yield Oxalic acid diesters.
4 ROH + 4 CO + 02 → 2 (CO2R) 2 + 2H20
Oxalic acid is one of the most well-known plant-derived organic acids.


Anhydrous Oxalic acid exists as two polymorphs; in one the hydrogen-bonding results in a chain-like structure whereas the hydrogen bonding pattern in the other form defines a sheet-like structure.
However the infusion beverage typically contains only low to moderate amounts of Oxalic acid per serving, due to the small mass of leaves used for brewing.


Oxalic acid is an important reagent in lanthanide chemistry.
Hydrated lanthanide oxalate forms readily in very strongly acidic solutions, in a densely crystallized, easily leached state, primarily free of contamination by non-lanthanide elements.


Thermal decomposition of this oxalate yields oxides, the most marketed form of these elements.
Oxalic acid is an organic compound.
Oxalic acid is a white crystalline solid that forms a colourless solution in water.


Many metal ions form insoluble precipitates with oxalate, a prominent example being calcium oxalate, which is the primary constituent of the most common kind of kidney stone.
Oxalic acid is colorless, odorless powder or granular solid.


Oxalic acid is a strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables.
Oxalic acid was first reported to be synthesized in 1776 and is known as a constituent of wood sorrel as early as the 17th century.
Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and formula HO2C−CO2H.


Oxalic acid is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water.
Oxalic acid's name comes from the fact that early investigators isolated Oxalic acid from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels.


The chemical formula of Oxalic acid is given by C2H2O4.
Under standard temperature and pressure (STP) conditions, Oxalic acid is present as a white crystalline solid.
Oxalic acid is the simplest dicarboxylic acid.


While the amount of sugar and water in the solution remains the same, the Oxalic acid ratio may change according to the regional temperature.
Oxalic acid is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water.
Oxalic acid's name comes from the fact that early investigators isolated oxalic acid from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels.


Oxalic acid (IUPAC name: oxalic acid, formula H2C2O4) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC)-(COOH).
Because of the joining of two carboxyl groups, this is one of the strongest organic acids.
Oxalic acid is recommended not to apply this in colonies with less than three frames, due to the deterioration of the cluster temperature balance in colonies where bees are weak.


When heat is applied on Oxalic acid dihydrate, Oxalic acid is a struggle with its sublimation property from solid state to gas state.
Oxalic acid occurs naturally in many foods.
Oxalic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.


Oxalic acid has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Oxalic acid has much greater acid strength than acetic acid.
Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate (C2O2−4), is a chelating agent for metal cations.


Typically, oxalic acid occurs as the dihydrate with the formula C2H2O4·2H2O.
80% of kidney stones are formed from calcium oxalate.
Some Aspergillus species produce Oxalic acid, which reacts with blood or tissue calcium to precipitate calcium oxalate.


Oxalic acid dihydrate is a reducing agent.
Oxalic acid, also known as Oxalic acid is a diprotic acid, which means it can give away 2 protons (hydrogen ions) to a base.
Oxalic acid known as a constituent of wood sorrel as early as the 17th century, Oxalic acid was first prepared synthetically in 1776.


It is applied by mixing some oxalic acid into the sugar syrup prepared with warm water and dripping on the bees when the bee is in clusters and there are no closed brood at an outdoor temperature below 10 degrees.
While the amount of sugar and water in the solution remains the same, the Oxalic acid ratio may change according to the regional temperature.


In other words, the rates vary for each region.
Oxalic acid is a colourless crystalline solid that dissolves in water to give colorless acidic solutions.
Oxalic acid is classified as a dicarboxylic acid.


Oxalic acid is not metabolized but excreted in the urine.
Oxalic acid is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.
Oxalic acid is recommended to apply this once a year.


Oxalic acid is a strong dicarboxylic acid.
Oxalic acid is recommended not to apply this in colonies with less than three frames, due to the deterioration of the cluster temperature balance in colonies where bees are weak.


When heat is applied to oxalic acid dihydrate, it is a struggle with its sublimation property from solid state to gas state.
Oxalic acid is a conjugate acid of an oxalate(1-) and an oxalate.
Oxalic acidis a relatively strong organic acid, being about 10,000 times stronger than acetic acid.


The di-anion, known as oxalate, is also a reducing agent as well as a ligand in coordination chemistry.
Oxalic acid is an odorless white solid chemical.
Oxalic acid can be found in powder or granule form.


In order to make these, there are evaporation apparatuses inside the hive, and oxalic acid is evaporated outside and sent into the hive through a pipe.
Oxalic acid is a common organic compound.
A range of living organisms — including fungi, bacteria, plants, animals, and humans — produce it.


Technically, oxalate occurs when the oxalic acid in plants binds to minerals.
However, many people use the terms interchangeably.
The body can either produce oxalate as a waste product or obtain it from the diet.


Oxalic acid occurs naturally in many foods.
Oxalic acid has much greater acid strength than acetic acid.
Although it can be readily purchased, Oxalic acid can be prepared in the laboratory by oxidizing sucrose using nitric acid in the presence of a small amount of vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst.


On a large scale, sodium oxalate is manufactured by absorbing carbon monoxide under pressure in hot sodium hydroxide.
Typically Oxalic acid is obtained as the dihydrate.
This solid can be dehydrated with heat or by azeotropic distillation.


Oxalate can combine with other minerals in the body to form compounds such as calcium oxalate and iron oxalate.
People can then eliminate these oxalate compounds in the urine or stool.
Oxalic acid is an organic compound.


Oxalic acid is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water.
Leaves of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis) contain among the greatest measured concentrations of Oxalic acid relative to other plants.
Oxalic acid (CAS 6153-56-6), is an organic compound also known as Oxalic acid.
Oxalic acid forms a clear, colorless solution in water and has the chemical formula C2H2O4.



USES and APPLICATIONS of OXALIC ACID:
Oxalic acid is used in the dyeing process as a mordant
Oxalic acid is used in removing rust
In lanthanide chemistry, Oxalic acid is used as an important reagent


Oxalic acid is applied on marble sculptures to make it shine
Oxalic acid is used in the manufacture of dye
Oxalic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Oxalic acid is used in the following areas: building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
Oxalic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, , metals, machinery and vehicles and furniture.
Oxalic acid is used in bleaches


Oxalic acid is used in removing food and ink stains
Oxalic acid and its antimony salts are used as mordant in textile dyeing in industry.
Oxalic acid's usefulness in rust removal agents is that ferrous iron forms a stable, water-soluble salt with the ferrioxalate ion.


Oxalic acid is used in developing photographic film
Oxalic acid is used in wastewater treatment to remove the calcium deposit.
Oxalic acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Oxalic acid is used in the following products: coating products, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of Oxalic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Other release to the environment of Oxalic acid is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Oxalic acid can be found in products with material based on: leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).
Oxalic acid's main applications include cleaning or bleaching, especially for the removal of rust.
Oxalic acid's utility in rust removal agents is due to Oxalic acid's forming a stable, water-soluble salt with ferric iron, ferrioxalate ion.


Oxalic acid is used in the following products: non-metal-surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, washing & cleaning products, coating products, metal working fluids, polishes and waxes, laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Oxalic acid is used in the following areas: building & construction work.


Oxalic acid is used for the manufacture of: furniture, , wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products and chemicals.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Oxalic acid’s main applications include cleaning or bleaching, especially for the removal of rust.
Oxalic acid's utility in rust removal agents is due to its forming a stable, water-soluble salt with ferric iron, ferrioxalate ion.
Oxalic acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, non-metal-surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals and pharmaceuticals.


Release to the environment of Oxalic acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, manufacturing of the substance, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.


Other release to the environment of Oxalic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use.
Oxalic acid is used in the following products: coating products, polishes and waxes and washing & leaning products.
Oxalic acid is used for the manufacture of: furniture, wood and wood products, pulp, paper and paper products and chemicals.


Oxalic acid is one of the organic compounds and occurs in various vegetables and plants.
Oxalic acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, leather treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, non-metal-surface treatment products, washing & cleaning products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals and polymers.


Release to the environment of Oxalic acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of the substance.


Release to the environment of Oxalic acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), formulation in materials, in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles and as processing aid.


Oxalic acid is used to destroy warts.
Oxalic acid is used as a mordant in dyeing processes.
Dilute solutions (0.05–0.15 M) of Oxalic acid can be used to remove iron from clays such as kaolinite to produce light-colored ceramics.


Oxalic acid’s conjugate base is the hydrogen oxalate anion and its conjugate base (commonly known as oxalate) is a competitive lactate dehydrogenase (often abbreviated to LDH) enzyme inhibitor.
LDH catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid (end product of the fermentation, which is an anaerobic process) oxidizing coenzyme NADH to NAD+ and H+ at the same time.


As a recommended surface pretreatment for stainless steels (surface etch) before application of solid metal or polymer self-lubricating coatings.
Restoring NAD+ levels is necessary if anaerobic energy metabolism is to continue through glycolysis.
Because cancer cells preferentially use anaerobic metabolism, LDH inhibition has been shown to inhibit tumour development and growth.


Thus, Oxalic acid provides an interesting possible course for the treatment of certain cancers.
Oxalic acid is sometimes used in the aluminum anodizing process, with or without sulfuric acid.
Compared to sulfuric acid anodizing, the coatings obtained are thinner and exhibit lower surface roughness.


Oxalic acid's main applications include cleaning or bleaching, especially for the removal of rust (iron complexing agent).
The two aqueous dihydrates of oxalic acid are used in alkalimetry and manganometry, rarely in the separation of earth metals and in the quantitative analysis of calcium.


Vaporized Oxalic acid, or a 6% solution of Oxalic acid in sugar syrup, is used by some beekeepers as an insecticide against the parasitic Varroa mite.
Oxalic acid is used for polishing stones and marble.
Effectively bleaches unfinished or stripped wood quickly and easily.


Instead of products containing heavy metals and residues, Oxalic acid hydrate from reliable places should be used.
Oxalic acid is also widely used as a wood bleach, most often in its crystalline form to be mixed with water to Oxalic acid's proper dilution for use.
Oxalic acid is used in the control of varroa in organic and conventional beekeeping in the food field.


Oxalic acid is used as bleach, especially for pulpwood.
Also, Oxalic acid is used in baking powder and as the third reagent in silica analysis instruments.
Oxalic acid is used as a cleaning chemical in coating processes.


Oxalic acid is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, metal surface treatment products, leather treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes, non-metal-surface treatment products, washing & cleaning products, water softeners, water treatment chemicals and polymers.


Oxalic acid main applications include cleaning or bleaching (iron complexing agent), especially to remove rust.
Oxalic acid is widely used as an acid rinse in laundries, where Oxalic acid is effective in removing rust and ink stains because Oxalic acid converts most insoluble iron compounds into a soluble complex ion.


Oxalic acid naturally occurs in many plants and vegetables and is often used in freckle and bleaching cosmetic preparations.
Oxalic acid is the chief constituent of many commercial preparations used for removing scale from automobile radiators.
Oxalic acid is also used in bleaches, especially for pulpwood, and for rust removal and other cleaning, in baking powder, and as a third reagent in silica analysis instruments.


Oxalic acid's usefulness in rust removal agents is that ferrous iron forms a stable, water-soluble salt with the ferrioxalate ion.
In the beekeeping industry, Oxalic acid's evaporated form or Oxalic acid's 3.2% solution in sugar syrup can be used by some beekeepers as a killing agent against parasitic varroa mite.


Wood bleach - To bleach old and stained wood removing tannin stains and water stains
The cleaning product contains Oxalic acid.
Oxalic acid is an ingredient in some tooth whitening products.


About 25% of produced Oxalic acid will be used as a mordant in dyeing processes.
Niche uses: Oxalic acid is used by some beekeepers as a miticide against the parasitic varroa mite.
Oxalic acid is used in bleaches, especially for pulpwood.


Oxalic acid is also used in baking powder and as a third reagent in silica analysis instruments.
Oxalic acid is an important reagent in lanthanide chemistry.
Hydrated lanthanide oxalate forms readily in very strongly acidic solutions, in a densely crystallized, easily leached state, primarily free of contamination by non-lanthanide elements.


Oxalic acid, a pathogenicity factor for sclerotinia sclerotiorum, suppresses the Oxidative burst of the host plant and directly inhibits the OGA-stimulated production of H2O2 by soybean cells, even in the absence of other fungal components.
Thermal decomposition of this oxalate yields oxides, the most marketed form of these elements.


Oxalic acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Evaporated oxalic acid or a 3.2% solution of oxalic acid in sugar syrup is used by some beekeepers as a killer against parasitic insects.


Release to the environment of Oxalic acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures and manufacturing of the substance.


Oxalic acid used in the control of varroa in honey bees is oxalic acid hydrate with the chemical formula C2H2O4 - 2H2O.
Instead of products containing heavy metals and residues, oxalic acid hydrate from reliable places should be used.
Oxalic acid is rubbed on the finished marble sculptures and seals the surface and adds shine.


Oxalic acid is used in the following products: non-metal-surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, washing & cleaning products, coating products, metal working fluids, polishes and waxes, laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Oxalic acid is also used to clean iron and manganese deposits from quartz crystals.


Oxalic acid is used as a bleaching agent for leather and wood.
The two aqueous dihydrates of Oxalic acid are used in alkalimetry and manganometry, rarely in the separation of earth metals and in the quantitative analysis of calcium.


Oxalic acid is used as a bleach for wood to remove black stains caused by water penetration.
Oxalic acid dihydrate is a diprotic reducing agent used as a buffer
Oxalic acid is used to remove rust in the plumbing pipes and kitchen counters.


Oxalic acid is the main component of commercial rust removers used to remove metal rust stains from sinks and tubs.
Oxalic acid is used in bleaches, especially for pulpwood.
Oxalic acid is also used in baking powder and as a third reagent in silica analysis instruments.


Effectively bleaches unfinished or stripped wood quickly and easily.
Oxalic acid's also excellent for removing black water spots and tannin stains in wood.
Oxalic acid is used as a bleach for wood to remove black stains caused by water penetration.


Oxalic acid can also be used to freshen wood colour if Oxalic acid has become grayed due to external exposure.
Oxalic acid is widely used as an acid rinse in laundries, where it is effective in removing rust and ink stains because it converts most insoluble iron compounds into a soluble complex ion.


For the same reason, Oxalic acid is the chief constituent of many commercial preparations used for removing scale from automobile radiators.
Oxalic acid is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Oxalic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, metals, machinery and vehicles and furniture.


Rust removal- in removing rust on boats, in automotive shops and in restoring antiques in rust stain removal without harming Gel coat, fibre glass, steel and other metal surfaces for pre-treating stainless steel
For removing hard water stains from tiles and plumbing fixtures as a precipitator in rare earth mineral processing


Oxalic acid is an important reagent in Lanthanide chemistry.
Oxalic acid is used as a mordant in dyeing processes.
Oxalic acid is used as a rust remover in such applications as automotive shops and for the restoration of antiques.


Oxalic acid is a reducing agent and is used as a chelating agent with oxalate as its conjugate base.
Oxalic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Oxalic acid is used in the following areas: building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


Oxalic acid and Oxalic acid's antimony salts are used as mordant in textile dyeing in industry.
Oxalic acid is used in the control of varroa in organic and conventional beekeeping in the food field.
Available in various quantities, purities, and reagent grades; used as a mordant, acid rinse, rust removal agent, bleach component, lanthanide chemistry reagent, etc.


Oxalic acid can be used to clean minerals like many other acids.
Two such examples are quartz crystals and pyrite.
Oxalic acid is sometimes used in the aluminum anodizing process, with or without sulfuric acid.


Compared to sulfuric acid anodizing, the coatings obtained are thinner and exhibit lower surface roughness.
Oxalic acid’s also excellent for removing black water spots and tannin stains in wood.
Oxalic acid is Suitable for outdoor use.


Oxalic acid is also widely used as a wood bleach, most often in its crystalline form to be mixed with water to its proper dilution for use.
Oxalic acid is necessary to use appropriate strippers and cleaners to remove coatings.
In wood restorers where the acid dissolves away a layer of dry surface wood to expose fresh material underneath.


Oxalic acid is also sometimes used in the aluminum anodizing process, with or without sulfuric acid.
Compared to the sulfuric acid anodizing, the coatings obtained are thinner and exhibit a lower surface roughness.
Oxalic acid is Suitable for outdoor use.


Oxalic acid is used as a mordant in dyeing processes.
Oxalic acid's main applications include cleaning or bleaching, especially for the removal of rust (iron complexing agent).
Its utility in rust removal agents is due to its forming a stable, water-soluble salt with ferric iron, ferrioxalate ion.


There are many Oxalic acid applications that we can take from various sources.
Up to 25% of Oxalic acid produced will be used as a mordant in dyeing processes.
There are various uses of Oxalic acid and the most significant one is in the cleaning industry i.e. in places like laundries, bleaching, dyeing, etc


Oxalic acid is an ingredient in some tooth whitening products.
About 25% of produced oxalic acid will be used as a mordant in dyeing processes.
Oxalic acid is used to clean minerals.


Other release to the environment of Oxalic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use
Oxalic acid is a strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables and can be used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.


Oxalic acid is also used in bleaches, especially for pulpwood, and for rust removal and other cleaning, in baking powder, and as a third reagent in silica analysis instruments.
Oxalic acid plays a key role in the interaction between pathogenic fungi and plants.


Other release to the environment of Oxalic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Oxalic acid is widely used in laundry to effectively remove ink stains and in industries for the removal of rust.


For the same reason, Oxalic acid is the main component of many commercial preparations used to remove scale from car radiators.
Oxalic acid is used in the synthesis of cleaning products.
Oxalic acid is also used as a marble polishing and grinding agent.


Oxalic acid is used together with stearic acid in the production of marble polishing powder.
Oxalic acid is used as a grinding agent in preparing & polishing stones & marble in restoring furniture
Oxalic acid can be used as a reducing agent in photography.


Small amounts of oxalic acid enhances plant resistance to fungi, but higher amounts cause widespread programmed cell death of the plant and help with fungi infection.
Plants normally produce it in small amounts, but some pathogenic fungi such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum cause a toxic accumulation.


Oxalic acid's utility in rust removal agents is due to Oxalic acid's forming a stable, water-soluble salt with ferric iron, ferrioxalate ion.
Oxalate, besides being biosynthesised, may also be biodegraded.
Oxalobacter formigenes is an important gut bacterium that helps animals (including humans) degrade oxalate.


Oxalic acid is a relatively strong organic acid with many commercial uses especially in the carpentry and joinery trades in the UK.
Oxalic acid is also used to clean iron and manganese deposits from quartz crystals.
In the refinishing of wooden furniture, Oxalic acid can be used after stripping to lighten darker stained areas.


Oxalic acid can also be used as a rust remover and a stain remover in many other applications.
When using on wood the wood must be free of all coatings, waxes & oils.
Oxalic acid is used as an additive to automotive wheel cleaners.


Oxalic acid is used as a mordant in dyeing processes.
Evaporated Oxalic acid or a 3.2% solution of Oxalic acid in sugar syrup is used by some beekeepers as a killer against parasitic insects.
Oxalic acid is used to clean minerals.


Oxalic acid main applications include cleaning or bleaching (iron complexing agent), especially to remove rust.
Oxalic acid is rubbed on the finished marble sculptures and seals the surface and adds shine.
Oxalic acid is used as a buffer in chromatographic separation, dechelation and deproteinization in tandem with acetonitrile and/or other solvents.
Oxalic acid is generally used as a mordant, reducing agent and bleaching agent for the dyeing and printing industry.


-Industrial use of Oxalic acid:
In industry, Oxalic acid is primarily used in mineral processing mechanisms.
In addition, Oxalic acid can be used to sterilize equipment, and people in the textile industry use Oxalic acid to bleach clothes.
Oxalic acid is also used in factories for removing rust from metallic equipment.


-Niche uses:
Oxalic acid is used by some beekeepers as a miticide against the parasitic varroa mite.
Dilute solutions (0.05–0.15 M) of oxalic acid can be used to remove iron from clays such as kaolinite to produce light-colored ceramics.


-The polishing powder obtained is applied on the marble and processed.
A chemical reaction occurs.
After polishing, polishing is done.
In this way, it protects the marble against external effects for a long time.


-Semiconductor industry:
Oxalic acid is also used in electronic and semiconductor industries.
In 2006 Oxalic acid was reported being used in electrochemical–mechanical planarization of copper layers in the semiconductor devices fabrication process.


-How to use Oxalic acid:
Prepare a solution by dissolving 60g of Oxalic acid in 1 litre of water, apply to stain or rust and allow to work for 20-30 minutes.
Always rinse thoroughly with clean water.
For wood bleaching it is recommended to neutralize after treatment with a borax solution (3 tablespoons of borax dissolved in 1 litre of water).


-Removing marks, stains and rust:
Oxalic acid is mainly used for the most demanding cleaning operations.
Oxalic acid effectively removes all kinds of marks and stains from the surface of the object.
Oxalic acid is a gentle stain remover that eats up stains but leaves the base as it is.
Acids have similar properties to bleach and can be used, for example, to remove rust on metals such as plumbing pipes, kitchen countertops etc.
Some cleaning agents, laundry detergents, and bleaches contain some of this acid.
Oxalic acid is also ideal for polishing virtually all stones and disposing of waste wood.


-Semiconductor industry:
Oxalic acid is also used in electronic and semiconductor industries.
In 2006 it was reported being used in electrochemical–mechanical planarization of copper layers in the semiconductor devices fabrication process


-Extractive Metallurgy:
Oxalic acid is a primary reagent in lanthanide chemistry.
Hydrated lanthanide oxalates readily form in very strongly acidic solutions in easily filtered form, a densely crystalline, and as largely free of contamination by non-lanthanide elements.
This oxalate thermal decomposition gives the oxides, the most commonly marketed form of these elements.


-Uses of Oxalic acid:
*Metal Cleaner
*Radiator Cleaner
*Leather Tanning
*Bleaching Agent
*Rust Remover
*Stain & Ink Remover


-Medical use of Oxalic acid:
In the medical field, companies use acids to further purify or dilute certain chemicals.
However, there is little data on the health benefits of Oxalic acid.
-Oxalic acid is mainly used as a reducing element in the development of photographic film.
-Oxalic acid is also used in wastewater treatment plants to effectively remove lime from water.


-Oxalic acid is used:
*Oxalic Acid 99.6% Purifying agent in pharmaceutical industry, special in antibiotic medication, such as oxytetracycline,Chloramphenicol etc;
*Oxalic Acid 99.6% Precipitating agent in Rare-earth mineral processing;
*Bleaching agent in the textile activities, wood pulp bleaching;
Rust-remover for metal treatment;
*Oxalic Acid 99.6% Grinding agent, such as marble polishing;
*Oxalic Acid 99.6% Waste water treatment, removing calcium from water.


-Cleaning:
Oxalic acid application mainly includes bleaching or cleaning, especially Oxalic acid as a rust remover (an iron complexing agent).
Oxalic acid's utility in rust removal agents is because Oxalic acid forms a stable, water-soluble salt with ferrioxalate ion and ferric iron.



PREPARATION of OXALIC ACID:
Oxalic acid is mainly manufactured by the oxidation of carbohydrates or glucose using nitric acid or air in the presence of vanadium pentoxide.
A variety of precursors can be used including glycolic acid and ethylene glycol.
A newer method entails oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to give the diesters of Oxalic acid:

4 ROH + 4 CO + O2 → 2 (CO2R)2 + 2 H2O
These diesters are subsequently hydrolyzed to Oxalic acid.
Approximately 120,000 tonnes are produced annually.

Historically Oxalic acid was obtained exclusively by using caustics, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, on sawdust, followed by acidification of the oxalate by mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid.
Oxalic acid can also be formed by the heating of sodium formate in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.



WHAT IS OXALIC ACID USED FOR?
Although oxalic acid naturally occurs in plants and humans, it also has a variety of uses in industry.
These uses include:
*removing rust
*removing stains
*stripping and cleaning
*removing wax
*cleaning wood
*dyeing textiles
Laboratories may also use oxalic acid and oxalate salts as anticoagulants in blood specimens.



LABORATORY METHODS of OXALIC ACID:
Although Oxalic acid can be readily purchased, Oxalic acid can be prepared in the laboratory by oxidizing sucrose using nitric acid in the presence of a small amount of vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst.

The hydrated solid can be dehydrated with heat or by azeotropic distillation.
Developed in the Netherlands, an electrocatalysis by a copper complex helps reduce carbon dioxide to Oxalic acid; this conversion uses carbon dioxide as a feedstock to generate Oxalic acid.

Anhydrous Oxalic acid exists as two polymorphs; in one the hydrogen-bonding results in a chain-like structure, whereas the hydrogen bonding pattern in the other form defines a sheet-like structure.
Because the anhydrous material is both acidic and hydrophilic (water seeking), it is used in esterifications.



HISTORY of OXALIC ACID:
The preparation of salts of Oxalic acid (crab acid) from plants had been known, at least since 1745, when the Dutch botanist and physician Herman Boerhaave isolated a salt from wood sorrel.
By 1773, François Pierre Savary of Fribourg, Switzerland had isolated Oxalic acid from its salt in sorrel.

In 1776, Swedish chemists Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Olof Bergman produced Oxalic acid by reacting sugar with concentrated nitric acid; Scheele called the acid that resulted socker-syra or såcker-syra (sugar acid).
By 1784, Scheele had shown that "sugar acid" and Oxalic acid from natural sources were identical.

In 1824, the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler obtained Oxalic acid by reacting cyanogen with ammonia in aqueous solution.
This experiment may represent the first synthesis of a natural product.



DIHYDRATE:
The dihydrate H2C2O4.2H2O has space group C52h–P21/n, with lattice parameters a = 611.9 pm, b = 360.7 pm, c = 1205.7 pm, β = 106°19', Z = 2.
The main inter-atomic distances are: C−C 153 pm, C−O1 129 pm, C−O2 119 pm.

Theoretical studies indicate that Oxalic acid dihydrate is one of very few crystalline substances that exhibit negative area compressibility.
Namely, when subjected to isotropic tension stress (negative pressure), the a and c lattice parameters increase as the stress decreases from −1.17 GPa to −0.12 GPa and from −1.17 GPa to −0.51 GPa, respectively.



PREPARATION OF OXALIC ACID:
Oxalic acid is mainly manufactured by the oxidation of carbohydrates or glucose using nitric acid or air in the presence of vanadium pentoxide.
A variety of precursors can be used including glycolic acid and ethylene glycol.
A newer method entails oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to give the diesters of oxalic acid:

4 ROH + 4 CO + O2 → 2 (CO2R)2 + 2 H2O
These diesters are subsequently hydrolyzed to oxalic acid. Approximately 120,000 tonnes are produced annually.
Historically oxalic acid was obtained exclusively by using caustics, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, on sawdust, followed by acidification of the oxalate by mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid.
Oxalic acid can also be formed by the heating of sodium formate in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.



LABORATORY METHODS OF OXALIC ACID:
Although it can be readily purchased, oxalic acid can be prepared in the laboratory by oxidizing sucrose using nitric acid in the presence of a small amount of vanadium pentoxide as a catalyst.
The hydrated solid can be dehydrated with heat or by azeotropic distillation.
Developed in the Netherlands, an electrocatalysis by a copper complex helps reduce carbon dioxide to oxalic acid; this conversion uses carbon dioxide as a feedstock to generate oxalic acid.



STRUCTURE OF OXALIC ACID:
Anhydrous:
Anhydrous oxalic acid exists as two polymorphs; in one the hydrogen-bonding results in a chain-like structure, whereas the hydrogen bonding pattern in the other form defines a sheet-like structure.
Because the anhydrous material is both acidic and hydrophilic (water seeking), it is used in esterifications.



OXALIC ACID FORMULA:
Oxalic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula C2H2O4. Oxalic acid occurs in the cell sap of Oxalis and Rumex species of plants as potassium and calcium salt.
In an aqueous solution, oxalic acid is a weak acid that will only partially ionise.
Oxalic acid has two acidic protons.
The initial ionisation yields HC2O4-, a weak acid that will ionise as well.
Oxalic acid is one of the most powerful of the organic acids and expels carbonic acid and many other acids from their salts.
Oxalic acid is produced by the action of either hydrate of potash or of nitric acid upon most organic compounds of natural occurrence.
Oxalic acid is also called diprotic acid.



OXALIC ACID OCCURS NATURALLY IN MANY PLANTS LIKE THE FOLLOWING:
*Fruits
*Cocoa
*Leafy green vegetables
*Nuts
*Seeds
*Spinach
*Sweet potatoes
*Star fruit
*Turnip greens
*Endive
*Swiss chard
*Beet greens



EQUIVALENT WEIGHT OF OXALIC ACID (CALCULATION):
The molar mass of hydrated oxalic acid is 126 grams per mole.
Since the chemical formula of this compound can be written as COOH-COOH, it can be understood that oxalic acid is a dibasic acid which has the ability to donate two H+ ions.

Therefore, the equivalent weight of oxalic acid can be calculated with the help of the following formula:
Equivalent weight = (molecular weight)/(number of equivalent moles)

Since 1 mole of oxalic acid can release 2 moles of H+ ions and neutralize 2 moles of OH– ions, the number of equivalent moles here is equal to 2.
Thus, the equivalent weight of oxalic acid can be calculated as follows:

Equivalent mass of oxalic acid = molecular mass of oxalic acid/2 = 126g/2 = 63 grams.
Therefore, the equivalent weight of oxalic acid is 63 grams.



OXALIC ACID STRUCTURE:
In its anhydrous form, Oxalic acid can be noted that oxalic acid exists in two different polymorphs.
In the first polymorph of oxalic acid, hydrogen bonding takes place.

Due to this hydrogen bonding, a chain-like structure is developed at the intermolecular level.
The second polymorph of Oxalic acid is also subject to hydrogen bonding.
However, in this case, the hydrogen bonding attributes a sheet-like structure to Oxalic acid at the intermolecular level.

Oxalic acid is widely used in esterification reactions owing to two important properties.
The first property that makes oxalic acid ideal for esterification reactions is its acidic nature.
The second and most important property of oxalic acid is its hydrophilic nature (it tends to seek water).



PREPARATION OF OXALIC ACID:
Oxalic acid can be easily prepared by oxidation of certain carbohydrates like sucrose by concentrating nitric acid.
During oxidation, the carbon atoms are split off in pairs giving oxalic acid.



PRODUCTION OF OXALIC ACID:
Oxalic acid is mainly produced by the oxidation of carbohydrates or glucose in the presence of vanadium pentoxide using nitric acid or air.
Various precursors can be used, including glycolic acid and ethylene glycol.
A newer method requires oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to yield oxalic acid diesters.

4 ROH + 4 CO + 02 → 2 (CO2R) 2 + 2H20

Oxalic acid is one of the most well-known plant-derived organic acids.
Oxalic acid, which is shown with the chemical formula COOH2, is found in nature as a calcium salt in the rhubarb plant, in the plant called sorrel as the sodium salt, and in the sap of some plants.
Most plant sources contain this organic acid.

Plants such as spinach, tomatoes, sorrel are in it.
Because it is an acid, it can form a salt with an ion in the environment.
Oxalic acid, which enters a biologically living system and body, forms salts with ions there.
Calcium oxalate, which is the most common salt, accumulates in the body, usually in the urinary system, especially in the kidneys, causing stone formation.



PRODUCTION OF OXALIC ACID BY FUNGI:
Many soil fungus species secrete oxalic acid, resulting in greater solubility of metal cations, increased availability of certain soil nutrients, and can lead to the formation of calcium oxalate crystals.
Some fungi such as Aspergillus niger have been extensively studied for the industrial production of oxalic acid; however, those processes are not yet economically competitive with production from oil and gas.



BIOCHEMISTRY of OXALIC ACID:
The conjugate base of Oxalic acid is the hydrogenoxalate anion, and Oxalic acid's conjugate base (oxalate) is a competitive inhibitor of the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme.

LDH catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid (end product of the fermentation (anaerobic) process) oxidising the coenzyme NADH to NAD+ and H+ concurrently.
Restoring NAD+ levels is essential to the continuation of anaerobic energy metabolism through glycolysis.

As cancer cells preferentially use anaerobic metabolism (see Warburg effect) inhibition of LDH has been shown to inhibit tumor formation and growth, thus is an interesting potential course of cancer treatment.

Oxalic acid plays an key role in the interaction between pathogenic fungi and plants.
Small amounts of Oxalic acid enhances plant resistance to fungi, but higher amounts cause widespread programmed cell death of the plant and help with fungi infection.

Plants normally produce Oxalic acid in small amounts, but some pathogenic fungi such as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum cause a toxic accumulation.
Oxalate, besides being biosynthesised, may also be biodegraded.
Oxalobacter formigenes is an important gut bacteria that helps animals (including humans) degrade oxalate.



REACTIONS OF OXALIC ACID:
Acid-base properties:
Oxalic acid's pKa values vary in the literature from 1.25–1.46 and 3.81–4.40.
The 100th ed of the CRC, released in 2019, has values of 1.25 and 3.81.
Oxalic acid is relatively strong compared to other carboxylic acids:

C2O4H2 ⇌ C2O4H− + H+ pKa = 1.27
C2O4H− ⇌ C2O2−4 + H+ pKa = 4.27
Oxalic acid undergoes many of the reactions characteristic of other carboxylic acids.
Oxalic acid forms esters such as dimethyl oxalate (m.p. 52.5 to 53.5 °C, 126.5 to 128.3 °F).
Oxalic acid forms an acid chloride called oxalyl chloride.



METAL-BINDING PROPERTIES OF OXALIC ACID:
Transition metal oxalate complexes are numerous, e.g. the drug oxaliplatin.
Oxalic acid has shown to reduce manganese dioxide MnO
2 in manganese ores to allow the leaching of the metal by sulfuric acid.

Oxalic acid is an important reagent in lanthanide chemistry.
Hydrated lanthanide oxalates form readily in very strongly acidic solutions as a densely crystalline, easily filtered form, largely free of contamination by nonlanthanide elements:

2 Ln3+ + 3 C2O4H2 → Ln2(C2O4)3 + 6 H+
Thermal decomposition of these oxalates gives the oxides, which is the most commonly marketed form of these elements.



OTHER:
Oxalic acid and oxalates can be oxidized by permanganate in an autocatalytic reaction.
Oxalic acid vapor decomposes at 125–175 °C into carbon dioxide CO
2 and formic acid HCOOH.
Photolysis with 237–313 nm UV light also produces carbon monoxide CO and water.

Evaporation of a solution of urea and oxalic acid in 2:1 molar ratio yields a solid crystalline compound H
2C2O4.[CO(NH2)2]2, consisting of stacked two-dimensional networks of the neutral molecules held together by hydrogen bonds with the oxygen atoms.



OCCURRENCE of OXALIC ACID:
Biosynthesis:
At least two pathways exist for the enzyme-mediated formation of oxalate.

In one pathway, oxaloacetate, a component of the Krebs citric acid cycle, is hydrolyzed to oxalate and acetic acid by the enzyme oxaloacetase:
[O2CC(O)CH2CO2]2− + H2O → C2O2−4 + CH3CO−2 + H+
It also arises from the dehydrogenation of glycolic acid, which is produced by the metabolism of ethylene glycol.

Oxalic acid and oxalates are abundantly present in many plants, most notably fat hen (lamb's quarters), sour grass, and sorrel (including Oxalis).
The root and/or leaves of rhubarb and buckwheat are listed being high in Oxalic acid.

Foods that are edible but that still contain significant concentrations of Oxalic acid include—in decreasing order—star fruit (carambola), black pepper, parsley, poppy seed, rhubarb stalks, amaranth, spinach, chard, beets, cocoa, chocolate, most nuts, most berries, and beans.
The gritty “mouth feel” one experiences when drinking milk with a rhubarb dessert is caused by precipitation of calcium oxalate.
Thus even dilute amounts of Oxalic acid can readily "crack" the casein found in various dairy products.



OCCURRENCE IN FOODS AND PLANTS of OXALIC ACID:
Early investigators isolated Oxalic acid from wood-sorrel (Oxalis).
Members of the spinach family and the brassicas (cabbage, broccoli, brussels sprouts) are high in oxalates, as are sorrel and umbellifers like parsley.

The leaves and stems of all species of the genus Chenopodium and related genera of the family Amaranthaceae, which includes quinoa, contain high levels of Oxalic acid.
Rhubarb leaves contain about 0.5% Oxalic acid, and jack-in-the-pulpit (Arisaema triphyllum) contains calcium oxalate crystals.

Similarly, the Virginia creeper, a common decorative vine, produces Oxalic acid in its berries as well as oxalate crystals in the sap, in the form of raphides.
Bacteria produce oxalates from oxidation of carbohydrates.

Plants of the genus Fenestraria produce optical fibers made from crystalline Oxalic acid to transmit light to subterranean photosynthetic sites.
Carambola, also known as starfruit, also contains Oxalic acid along with caramboxin.
Citrus juice contains small amounts of Oxalic acid.

Citrus fruits produced in organic agriculture contain less Oxalic acid than those produced in conventional agriculture.
The formation of naturally occurring calcium oxalate patinas on certain limestone and marble statues and monuments has been proposed to be caused by the chemical reaction of the carbonate stone with Oxalic acid secreted by lichen or other microorganisms.

Production by fungi:
Many soil fungus species secrete Oxalic acid, resulting in greater solubility of metal cations, increased availability of certain soil nutrients, and can lead to the formation of calcium oxalate crystals.
Some fungi such as Aspergillus niger have been extensively studied for the industrial production of Oxalic acid; however, those processes are not yet economically competitive with production from oil and gas.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of OXALIC ACID:
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS of OXALIC ACID:
*Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of OXALIC ACID:
Chemical formula: C2H2O4
Molar mass: 90.034 g·mol−1 (anhydrous)
126.065 g·mol−1 (dihydrate)
Appearance: White crystals
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.90 g·cm3 (anhydrous, at 17 °C)
1.653 g·cm−3 (dihydrate)
Melting point: 189 to 191 °C (372 to 376 °F; 462 to 464 K)
101.5 °C (214.7 °F; 374.6 K) dihydrate
Solubility in water: 46.9 g/L (5 °C), 57.2 (10 °C),
75.5 (15 °C), 95.5 (20 °C), 118 (25 °C), 139 (30 °C),
178 (35 °C), 217 (40 °C), 261 (45 °C), 315 (50 °C),
376 (55 °C), 426 (60 °C), 548 (65 °C)
Solubility: 237 g/L (15 °C) in ethanol
14 g/L (15 °C) in diethyl ether
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 1.25, 4.14
Conjugate base: Hydrogenoxalate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −60.05·10−6 cm3/mol
Heat capacity (C): 91.0 J·mol−1·K−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 109.8 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −829.9 kJ·mol−1

Molecular Weight: 90.03 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 89.99530854 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 89.99530854 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 71.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: odorless

Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 189,5 °C - dec.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 1,3 at 9 g/l
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,9 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Molecular Weight: 90.03
Molecular Weight: 90.03
XLogP3-AA: -0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 89.99530854
Monoisotopic Mass: 89.99530854
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 71.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Odor Threshold: Not applicable
pH: 1,3 at 9 g/l
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 189,5 °C - dec.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lowe flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available

Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Formula: C2H6O6
Average mass: 126.065 Da
Monoisotopic mass: 126.016441 Da
Boiling point: 149 - 160 °C (1013 hPa) (decomposition)
Density 1.65 g/cm3 (20 °C)

Flash point: 157 °C (decomposition)
Melting Point: 98 - 100 °C
pH value: 1.5 (10 g/l, H₂O)
Vapor pressure: 0.000312 hPa (25 °C)
Bulk density: 813 kg/m3
Solubility: >100 g/l
Chemical formula: C2H2O4
Molar mass: 90.034 g•mol−1 (anhydrous), 126.065 g•mol−1 (dihydrate)
Appearance: White crystals
Odor: odorless
Density: 1.90 g•cm−3 (anhydrous, at 17 °C), 1.653 g•cm−3 (dihydrate)
Melting point: 189 to 191 °C, 101.5 °C (214.7 °F; 374.6 K) dihydrate
Solubility in water: 90-100 g/L (20 °C)
Solubility: 237 g/L (15 °C) in ethanol, 14 g/L (15 °C) in diethyl ether
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 1.25, 4.14
Conjugate base: Hydrogenoxalate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -60.05•10−6 cm3/mol



FIRST AID MEASURES of OXALIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of OXALIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of OXALIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of OXALIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains



HANDLING and STORAGE of OXALIC ACID:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of OXALIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Oxalic acid
Ethanedioic acid
Wood bleach
Crab Acid
(Carboxyl)carboxylic acid
Carboxylformic acid
Dicarboxylic acid
Diformic acid
[Ethanedioato(2-)-?O1,?O2]-magnesium
144-62-7
1o4n
1t5a
2dua
2hwg
4-02-00-01819 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
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745-EP2308839A1
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745-EP2308850A1
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745-EP2374895A1
9E7R5L6H31
Acidum oxalicum
AI3-26463
AKOS005449445
Aktisal
Anhydrous oxalic acid
Aquisal
BBL003000
BDBM14674
bis((2R)-azetidine-2-carbonitrile)
bis(1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)ethan-1-amine)
bis(5-azaspiro[2.5]octan-8-ol)
bmse000106
BP-21133
BRN 0385686
C00209
C2-H2-O4
C2-H2-O4.Mg
C2H2O4
C2H2O4.Mg
CAS-144-62-7
Caswell No. 625
CCG-266020
CCRIS 1454
CHEBI:16995
CHEMBL146755
CS-0013716
D0U7BY
DB03902
DTXCID805816
DTXSID0025816
EC 205-634-3
EC 271-678-5
EINECS 205-634-3
EINECS 271-678-5
EN300-16428
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009601
Ethandisaeure
Ethane-1,2-dioate
Ethane-1,2-dioic acid
ethanedioic acid
Ethanedioic acid (9CI)
Ethanedioic acid, uranium(4) salt (2:1)
Ethanedionate
Ethanedionic acid
F1B1B2D7-C290-4CE6-8550-F25B202AFADE
F2191-0257
FT-0657506
H2ox
HOOCCOOH
HSDB 1100
HY-Y0262
J-007978
oxalic acid
ethanedioic acid
Aktisal
Aquisal
oxalate
Oxiric acid
Oxalsaeure
Oxaalzuur
Kyselina stavelova
Acide oxalique
Acido ossalico
Acidum oxalicum
Caswell No. 625
Oxalicacid
NCI-C55209
Ethanedionic acid
Ethane-1,2-dioic acid
CCRIS 1454
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009601
HSDB 1100
AI3-26463
NSC 62774
UNII-9E7R5L6H31
BRN 0385686
HOOCCOOH
C2H2O4
Oxalic acid anhydrous
CHEBI:16995
9E7R5L6H31
C2-beta-polymorph
ETHANEDIOIC ACID DIHYDRATE
Ethanedioic acid-d2
Oxalic Acid Dianion
DSSTox_CID_5816
C00209
DSSTox_RID_77935
DSSTox_GSID_25816
Oxalic acid diammonium salt
Wood bleach
OXD
NSC115893
Ethandisaeure
Ethanedionate
Oxagel
2dua
2hwg
H2ox
Anhydrous oxalic acid
Ethane-1,2-dioate
Oxalic acid, 98%
Oxalic acid (8CI)
oxalic acid 2 hydrate
Oxalic acid, anhydrous
Oxalic acid 2-Hydrate
1o4n
1t5a
Oxalate standard for IC
WLN: QVVQ
Ethanedioic acid (9CI)
Oxalic acid dihydrate ACS
Ultraplast Activate S 52
bmse000106
Oxalic Acid Low Ash Grade
NCIOpen2_000770
NCIOpen2_001022
NCIOpen2_001042
NCIOpen2_001202
NCIOpen2_008831
TETRADECANOIC-D27ACID
4-02-00-01819 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Oxalic acid solution, 0.5 M
Oxalic acid, AR, >=99%
Oxalic acid, LR, >=98%
CHEMBL146755
DTXSID0025816
Oxalic acid solution, 0.05 M
Oxalic acid, analytical standard
BDBM14674
bis(5-azaspiro[2.5]octan-8-ol)
HY-Y0262
NSC62774
Oxalicacid,0.1NStandardizedSolution
STR01359
ZINC6021239
Tox21_202122
Tox21_303346
BBL003000
bis((2R)-azetidine-2-carbonitrile)
NSC-62774
s9354
STK379550
AKOS005449445
Oxalic acid, 5% w/v aqueous solution
CCG-266020
DB03902
MCULE-6647815245
SB40938
SB40959
SB40985
Oxalic acid, 10% w/v aqueous solution
Oxalic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
NCGC00249170-01
NCGC00257376-01
NCGC00259671-01
BP-21133
H158
Oxalic acid 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Oxalic acid, 0.1N Standardized Solution
Oxalic acid, SAJ first grade, >=97.0%
bis(1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)ethan-1-amine)
CS-0013716
FT-0657506
Oxalic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Oxalic acid, purum, anhydrous, >=97.0% (RT)
Q184832
J-007978
F1B1B2D7-C290-4CE6-8550-F25B202AFADE
F2191-0257
Oxalic acid, puriss. p.a., anhydrous, >=99.0% (RT)
Oxalic acid, purified grade, 99.999% trace metals basis
Oxalate standard for IC, 1.000 g/L in H2O, analytical standard
Oxalic acid concentrate, 0.1 M (COOH)2 (0.2N)
Oxalic acidACIDO OSSALICO (s)
Acide oxaliqueAcide(S)
Oxalique(S)
Acido OssalicoAcido
Oxalico
Aktisal
Anhydrous Oxalic Acid
AquisalÁCido(S)
OxáLico(S)
Ethanedioate
Ethanedioic Acid
Ethanedioic acid, conjugate acid (1:2)
Ethanedionic acid
Ethandisaeure
Ethane-1,2-dioic acid
Ethanedioic acid
H2Ox
HOOCCOOH
Oxalsaeure
Ethane-1,2-dioate
Ethanedioate
Oxalate
Ammonium oxalate
Ethanedioic acid dihydrate
Ethanedionate
Ethanedionic acid
Kyselina stavelova
Oxaalzuur HMDB
Oxalic acid 2-hydrate
Oxalic acid anhydrous
Oxalic acid diammonium salt
Oxalic acid dihydrate
Acid, oxalic
Aluminum oxalate
Chromium (3+) oxalate (3:2)
Dipotassium oxalate
Iron oxalate
Magnesium oxalate
Magnesium oxalate (1:1)
Oxalate, dilithium
Oxalate, disodium
Oxalate, monohydrogen monopotassium
Oxalate, monopotassium
Oxalate, potassium
Chromium oxalate
Dilithium oxalate
Manganese (2+) oxalate (1:1)
Monosodium oxalate
Oxalate, chromium
Oxalate, dipotassium
Oxalate, magnesium
Oxalate, monosodium
Oxalate, potassium chromium
Oxalate, sodium HMDB
Potassium oxalate
Potassium oxalate (2:1)
Diammonium oxalate
Disodium oxalate
Oxalate, aluminum
Oxalate, diammonium
Oxalate, ferric
Oxalate, monoammonium
Potassium chromium oxalate
Chromium (2+) oxalate
Ferric oxalate
Iron (2+) oxalate (1:1)
Iron (3+) oxalate
Monoammonium oxalate
Monohydrogen monopotassium oxalate
Monopotassium oxalate
Oxalate, iron
Sodium oxalate
Oxalic acid
Oxalic Acid Dihydrate (Technical)
Wood Bleach
Crab Acid
LS-851
MFCD00002573
NCGC00249170-01
NCGC00257376-01
NCGC00259671-01
NCI-55209
NCI-C55209
NCIOpen2_000770
NCIOpen2_001022
NCIOpen2_001042
NCIOpen2_001202
NCIOpen2_008831
NSC 62774
NSC-62774
NSC115893
NSC62774
Oksalsyre
Oxagel
oxalate
Oxalate standard for IC
Oxalate standard for IC, 1.000 g/L in H2O, analytical standard
oxalic acid
Oxalic acid (8CI)
Oxalic acid (aqueous)
OXALIC ACID [HSDB]
OXALIC ACID [INCI]
OXALIC ACID [MI]
OXALIC ACID [VANDF]
OXALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
Oxalic acid 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
oxalic acid 2 hydrate
Oxalic acid 2-Hydrate
Oxalic acid anhydrous
Oxalic acid diammonium salt
Oxalic Acid Dianion
Oxalic acid dihydrate ACS
Oxalic Acid Low Ash Grade
Oxalic acid, 98%
Oxalic acid, analytical standard
Oxalic acid, anhydrous
Oxalic acid, anhydrous; (Ethanedioic acid)
Oxalic acid, AR, >=99%
Oxalic acid, LR, >=98%
Oxalic acid, purified grade, 99.999% trace metals basis
Oxalic acid, puriss. p.a., anhydrous, >=99.0% (RT)
Oxalic acid, purum, anhydrous, >=97.0% (RT)
Oxalic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
Oxalic acid, SAJ first grade, >=97.0%
Oxalic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
Oxalicacid
OXD
Oxiric acid
Q184832
s9354
SB40938
SB40959
SB40985
STK379550
STR01359
TETRADECANOIC-D27ACID
Tox21_202122
Tox21_303346
Ultraplast Activate S 52
UNII-9E7R5L6H31
WLN: QVVQ
Wood bleach

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a chemical intermediate used in the manufacture of API and various dyes.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester can be used as a solvent for a number of synthetic and natural resins.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is also used as a cost effective additive based in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

CAS Number: 95-92-1
EC Number: 202-464-1
Chemical Formula: C2H5OOCCOOC2H5
Molar Mass: 146.14 g/mol

Diethyl oxalate, 95-92-1, Ethyl oxalate, Ethanedioic acid, diethyl ester, Diethyl ethanedioate, diethyloxalate, Oxalic acid, diethyl ester, Oxalic ether, Oxalic Acid Diethyl Ester, Diethylester kyseliny stavelove, Ethanedioic acid, 1,2-diethyl ester, Diethyl ester of oxalic acid, 860M3ZWF6J, Diethyl oxalate, 99%, diethyl ethane-1,2-dioate, Ethyl oxalate (VAN), HSDB 2131, EINECS 202-464-1, UN2525, Diethylester kyseliny stavelove [Czech], BRN 0606350, diethyl ethaneioate, Oxalic acid diethyl, diethyl ethane-dioate, oxalic acid diethylester, 1,2-diethyl ethanedioate, Diethyl oxalate, >=99%, 4-02-00-01848 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Ethanedioic acid diethyl ester, CHEMBL3183226, Diethyl oxalate, analytical standard, Ethyl oxalate [UN2525] [Poison], MCULE-5264218494, UN 2525, CAS-95-92-1, Diethyl oxalate, purum, >=99.0% (GC), FT-0645510, 5-pentyl-5-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione, ETHANEDIOIC ACID,DIETHYL ESTER (DIETHYLOXALATE), F1908-0115, Z940713540, AKOS BBS-00004457, Ethanedioic acid diethyl ester, ETHYL OXALATE, Diethyl oxalate, DIETHYL ETHANEDIOATE, RARECHEM AL BI 0114, OXALIC ACID DIETHYL ESTER, C2H5OCOCOOC2H5, Ceftriaxone Impurity 2, Oxalic acid diethyl ester Oxalic acid diethyl ester Oxalic acid diethyl ester, DIethlyoxalate, Ceftriaxone Impurity 5, Ceftriaxone Impurity 11, Diethyl ester of oxalic acid, Diethyl ester, oxalic acid, Diethylester kyseliny stavelove, diethylesterkyselinystavelove, dlethyloxalate, Oxalic ether, oxalicether, Diethyl oxate, Diethyl oxalate, STANDARD FOR GC, Diethyl oxalate, 99+%, DiethyloxalateForSynthesis, diethyl ethaneioate, Diethyl oxalate, 98.0% MIN, Diethyl oxalate, 99.0% MIN, Diethyloxaiate, Oxalsurediethylester, Diαthyloxalat, oxalic acid diethylester Diethyl oxalate, Diethyl oxalate pure, GKSW, Diethyl oxalate, 99% 1KG, Diethyl oxalate, 99% 2.5KG, Diethyl oxalate, 99% 25GR, Diethyl oxalate, 99% 500GR, Dithyl oxalate, Diethyl oxalate purum, >=99.0% (GC), Diethyl oxalate [for SpectrophotoMetry], Diethyl oxalat, Diethyleoxalate, Ethanedioicacid, 1,2-diethyl ester, DiethylOxalate>, DiethylOxalate[forSpectrophotometry]>, Diethyl oxalate fandachem, Diethyl oxalate (DEOX), Diethyl oxalate ISO 9001：2015 REACH, 95-92-1, Diethyl oxalate, 95-92-1, Ethyl oxalate, Ethanedioic acid, diethyl ester, Diethyl ethanedioate, diethyloxalate, Oxalic acid, diethyl ester, Oxalic ether, Oxalic Acid Diethyl Ester, NSC 8851, UNII-860M3ZWF6J, Diethylester kyseliny stavelove, MFCD00009119, Diethyl ester of oxalic acid, 860M3ZWF6J, Ethanedioic acid, 1,2-diethyl ester, Ethyl oxalate (VAN), HSDB 2131, EINECS 202-464-1, UN2525, BRN 0606350, diethyl ethaneioate, Oxalic acid diethyl, diethyl ethane-dioate, oxalic acid diethylester, 1,2-diethyl ethanedioate, C2H5OCOCOOC2H5, Diethyl oxalate, >=99%, EC 202-464-1, SCHEMBL7262, WLN: 2OVVO2, DSSTox_CID_24472, DSSTox_RID_80254, DSSTox_GSID_44472, 4-02-00-01848, CHEMBL3183226, DTXSID2044472, NSC8851, AMY37179, NSC-8851, ZINC1648270, Diethyl oxalate, analytical standard, Tox21_302109, BBL011413, STL146519, AKOS000120214, Ethyl oxalate, MCULE-5264218494, UN 2525, CAS-95-92-1, NCGC00255767-01, AS-14315BP-13324, K733, Diethyl oxalate, purum, >=99.0% (GC), FT-0645510, O0078, O0120Q904612, J-802189, Q-200981, 5-pentyl-5-tetrahydropyran-2-yl-imidazolidine-2,4-dione, ETHANEDIOIC ACID,DIETHYL ESTER (DIETHYLOXALATE), F1908-0115, Z940713540

Due to Oxalic acid diethyl ester chemical characteristic, Oxalic acid diethyl ester (DEOX) is miscible with alcohols, ether and other common organic solvents.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is slightly soluble in water.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a Diester of ethyl alcohol and oxalic acid.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester appears as a colorless liquid.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is slightly denser than water and insoluble in water.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester undergoes transesterification with phenol in the liquid phase over very efficient MoO3/TiO2 solid-acid sol-gel catalysts to form diphenyl oxalate.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester undergoes Claisen condensation with active methylene group of ketosteroids to form glyoxalyl derivatives.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester undergoes hydrogenation in the presence of high copper contented mesoporous Cu/SBA-15 catalysts to yield ethylene glycol.

Form of Oxalic acid diethyl ester is liquid.
A sustainable process based on carbon monoxide (CO) coupling reaction has been considered as an alternative method for DEO

Oxalic acid diethyl ester appears as a colorless liquid.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is slightly soluble in water.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a chemical intermediate used in the manufacture of API and various dyes.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester can be used as a solvent for a number of synthetic and natural resins.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is also used as a cost effective additive based in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)

Oxalic acid diethyl ester may have a promising industrial application for coal to ethylene glycol production.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a clear colorless liquid with characteristic.

Ethyl oxalyl Chloride is manufactured by hydrolysis of Oxalic acid diethyl ester with Potassium Carbonate.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a chemical used to pre-treat wood chips in order to refine and prepare them for further processing (such as obtaining wood pulp).

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is also used as a starting material to synthesize Ethylene glycol (E890140) by means of catalytic hydrogenation.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a chemical intermediate used in the manufacture of API and various dyes.

Applications of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used to prepare active pharmaceutical ingredients (API), plastics and dyestuff intermediates.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is also used as a solvent for cellulose esters, ethers, resins, perfumes and lacquers for electronics.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is involved in the transesterification reaction with phenol to get dipheny oxalate.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is also involved in the Claisen condensation ketosteroids to prepare glyoxalyl derivatives.

Further, Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used to prepare sym-1,4-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-polytetrazine.
In addition to this, Oxalic acid diethyl ester is utilized in the microemulsion synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester was used in microemulsion synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.

Uses of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used especially for production of pesticides and also as a starting material of so-called oxalate syntheses used in many areas, such as in pharmaceutical industry (production of steroids, barbiturates), in dyeing industry (Tartrazin dyestuff) and other specialised chemicals and in PU and plastic industry.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used to make pharmaceuticals, plastics, dyes, and dyestuff intermediates.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is also used as a solvent for cellulose esters, ethers, resins, perfumes, and lacquers for electronics.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a chemical used to pre-treat wood chips in order to refine and prepare them for further processing (such as obtaining wood pulp).
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is also used as a starting material to synthesize Ethylene glycol (E890140) by means of catalytic hydrogenation.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester uses and applications include:
Solvent for cellulose esters and ethers, many natural and synthetic resins, paint stripping;
radio-tube cathode fixing lacquers;
perfumes;
chelating agent;
cleaner for polymeric residues;
pigment dispersant;
intermediate for organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, barbiturates (CNS depressants), dyes;
in food packaging adhesives
Suggested storage of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Moisture-sensitive

Use and Manufacturing:
Manufacture of phenobarbital,
Ethylbenzyl malonate,
Triethylamine, & similar chemicals;
Manufacture of plastics,
Dyestuff intermediates;
Solvent for cellulose esters
Organic syntheses,
Esp in mfr of pharmaceuticals;
Solvent for ethers & resins
Olvent for perfumes & for natural & synthetic resins (cellulose esters);
Agent in radio tube cathode fixing lacquers; c
Hem int for pharmaceuticals,
Plastics & dyes.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and polymers.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used in the following areas: building & construction work.
Other release to the environment of Oxalic acid diethyl ester is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Uses at industrial sites:
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used in the following products: polymers and laboratory chemicals.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used in the following areas: building & construction work, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Oxalic acid diethyl ester can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, for thermoplastic manufacture, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Other Industry Uses:
Intermediates
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Agro chemical pesticide

Consumer Uses:
Apparel and footwear care products
Agro chemical pesticide

Other Uses:

Chelating:
Reacts and forms complexes with metal ions that could affect the stability and / or appearance of cosmetic products.

Hair conditioner:
Leaves hair easy to comb, soft, soft and shiny and / or confers volume, lightness and shine.

Masking:
Reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product.

Plasticiser:
Softens and softens another substance that otherwise could not easily be deformed, dispersed or worked.

Solvent:
Dissolves other substances.

Potential Uses:
Chelating agents, hair conditioning, plasticisers, solvents
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used as a solvent for paint stripping and resins.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used as cleaner for polymeric residues.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used as pigment dispersant.
There are some specialty application of Oxalic acid diethyl ester as a solvent in nitrocellulose lacquers.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a chemical intermediate used in the manufacture of API and various dyes.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester can be used as a solvent for a number of synthetic and natural resins.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is also used as a cost effective additive based in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is an important intermediate in chemical industry, especially in pharmaceutical industry, which can be utilized for the synthesis of high value drugs, dyestuff and as the useful solvent for spices.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used in microemulsion synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used in the synthesis of sym-1,4-diphenyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-polytetrazine.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester can be used in Pharma & Life Science, Agriculture, Plastics, Cosmetics & Personal Care.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester can be applied as Agrochemicals.

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is widely used in fine chemical industry.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester can be added to unmodified vegetable oils in any ratio.

As heating oil, use can be made of a mixture which, as main component, consists of vegetable oils and up to 50% by volume Oxalic acid diethyl ester.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is used as a solvent for plastics and in the manufacture of perfumes and pharmaceuticals.

As heating oil use can be made of a mixture which originates from the refining of crude oil and is admixed with up to 25% by volume Oxalic acid diethyl ester.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is widely utilized at industrial domains to synthesize a variety of significant fine chemicals, such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, solvents, extractants, various intermediates and ethylene glycol (EG).

Oxalic acid diethyl ester is necessary to dissolve DMO in anhydrous methanol or heat DMO to liquid state when Oxalic acid diethyl ester is applied to the production of ethylene glycol.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is a liquid chemical at room temperature and convenient as raw material for the production of ethylene glycol by hydrogenation.

Benefits of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Highly efficient
Highly stable
Contributes to sustainable ethylene glycol production

General Manufacturing Information of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Industry Processing Sectors
All other basic organic chemical manufacturing
Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing
Plastic material and resin manufacturing

Solubility of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Miscible with alcohols, ether and other common organic solvents.
Completely sol ether, alcohol and acetone; slightly sol hot water.

The solubility of dimethyl oxalate is similar, except that Oxalic acid diethyl ester is more soluble in water.
The solubilities of the other esters are similar in organic solvents, but they are insoluble in water.

Production of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:

Dimethyl oxalate can be obtained by esterification of oxalic acid with methanol using sulfuric acid as a catalyst:
2CH3OH+(CO2H)2 → (CO2CH3)2+2H2O

Oxidative carbonylation route:

The preparation by oxidative carbonylation has attracted interest because Oxalic acid diethyl ester requires only C1 precursors:
4CH3OH+4 CO+O2→ 2 (CO2CH3)2+2H2O

The reaction is catalyzed by Pd2+.
The synthesis gas is mostly obtained from coal or biomass.

The oxidation proceeds via dinitrogen trioxide, which is formed according to (1) of nitrogen monoxide and oxygen and then reacts according to (2) with methanol forming methyl nitrite.

In the next step of dicarbonylation (3) carbon monoxide reacts with methyl nitrite to dimethyl oxalate in the vapor phase at atmospheric pressure and temperatures at 80-120 °C over a palladium catalyst.

This method is lossless with respect to methyl nitrite, which acts practically as a carrier of oxidation equivalents.
However, the water formed must be removed to prevent hydrolysis of the dimethyl oxalate product.
With 1% Pd/α-Al2O3 dimethyl oxalate is produced selectively in a dicarbonylation reaction, under the same conditions with 2% Pd/C dimethyl carbonate is produced by monocarbonylation.

Alternatively, the oxidative carbonylation of methanol can be carried out with high yield and selectivity with 1,4-benzoquinone as an oxidant in the system Pd(OAc)2/PPh3/benzoquinone with mass ratio 1/3/100 at 65 °C and 70 atm CO.

Production Methods of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is produced via esterification of ethanol and oxalic acid.
Oxalic acid diethyl esteris a preferred solvent for cellulose acetate and nitrate.

Due to Oxalic acid diethyl ester's chemical characteristic, Oxalic acid diethyl ester is miscible with alcohols, ether and other common organic solvents.

Reactions of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Dimethyl oxalate (and the related diethyl ester) is used in diverse condensation reactions.
For example, Oxalic acid diethyl ester condenses with cyclohexanone to give the diketo-ester, a precursor to pimelic acid.
With diamines, the diesters of oxalic acid condense to give cyclic diamides.

Quinoxalinedione is produced by condensation of dimethyloxalate and o-phenylenediamine:
C2O2(OMe)2 + C6H4(NH2)2 → C6H4(NHCO)2 + 2 MeOH

Hydrogenation gives ethylene glycol.
Dimethyl oxalate can be converted into ethylene glycol in high yields (94.7%).

The methanol formed is recycled in the process of oxidative carbonylation.
Other plants with a total annual capacity of more than 1 million tons of ethylene glycol per year are planned.

Decarbonylation gives dimethyl carbonate.

Diphenyl oxalate is obtained by transesterification with phenol in the presence of titanium catalysts, which is again decarbonylated to diphenyl carbonate in the liquid or gas phase.

Dimethyl oxalate can also be used as a methylating agent.
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is notably less toxic than other methylating agents such as methyl iodide or dimethyl sulfate.

Handling and Storage of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:

Precautions for safe handling:

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.

Stability and Reactivity of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is an ester.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.

Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides

Chemical stability:
Oxalic acid diethyl ester is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

First Aid Measures of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:

General advice:
First aider needs to protect himself.

If inhaled:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:
Make victim drink water.

Accidental Release Measures of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Fire Fighting Measures of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:

Extinguishing media:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For Oxalic acid diethyl ester no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Exposure Controls/personal Protection of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:

Eye/face protection:
Use tightly fitting safety goggles.

Skin protection:
Full contact

Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:

Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 10 min

Body Protection:
protective clothing

Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

Identifiers of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
CAS Number: 553-90-2
ChemSpider: 10649
ECHA InfoCard: 100.008.231
PubChem CID: 11120
UNII: IQ3Q79344S
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID9060287
InChIInChI=1S/C4H6O4/c1-7-3(5)4(6)8-2/h1-2H3
Key: LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H6O4/c1-7-3(5)4(6)8-2/h1-2H3
Key: LOMVENUNSWAXEN-UHFFFAOYAF
SMILES: O=C(OC)C(=O)OC

INCI name: Oxalic acid diethyl ester
EINECS/ELINCS number: 202-464-1
Classification: Regulated
Restriction in Europe: III/3

EC / List no.: 202-464-1
CAS no.: 95-92-1
Mol. formula: C6H10O4

CAS number: 95-92-1
EC index number: 607-147-00-5
EC number: 202-464-1
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₀O₄
Chemical formula: C₂H₅OOCCOOC₂H₅
Molar Mass: 146.14 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 11 00

Synonym(s): Diethyl ethanedioate, Ethyl oxalate
Linear Formula: C2H5OCOCOOC2H5
CAS Number: 95-92-1
Molecular Weight: 146.14
Beilstein: 606350
EC Number: 202-464-1
MDL number:MFCD00009119
PubChem Substance ID:24848078
NACRES:NA.22

Properties of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Physical State: Liquid
Storage: Store at room temperature
Melting Point: -41° C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 185° C (lit.)
Density: 1.08 g/cm3 at 25° C

Formula: C6H10O4
Formula Weight: 146.14
Melting point: -41°
Boiling Point: 184-186°
Flash Point: 75°(167°F)
Density: 1.077
Refractive Index: 1.4100
Storage & Sensitivity:
Moisture Sensitive.
Store under Argon.
Ambient temperatures.
Solubility:
Miscible with alcohols, ether and other common organic solvents.

Molecular Weight: 146.14
XLogP3: 0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 146.05790880
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.05790880
Topological Polar Surface Area: 52.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 114
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Assay as Deo by G.C.: 98% Min.
Acidity as Oxalic Acid: 0.10% Max.
Moisture Contents: 0.105 Max.
Relative Density: 1.078 - 1.082
Boiling Range: 181 - 188°C

Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 1.07600 to 1.08200 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.953 to 9.003
Refractive Index: 1.40700 to 1.41300 @ 20.00 °C.

Melting Point: -41.00 to -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 185.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 113.00 to 114.00 °C. @ 50.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.414000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 5.03 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 168.00 °F. TCC ( 75.56 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.560

Appearance Form: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: aromatic
Odor Threshold: 0,1 ppm
pH: No data available
Melting point/range: -41 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 185 °C - lit.
Flash point 75 °C - closed cup

Upper explosion limit: 2,67 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,42 %(V)
Vapor pressure 1,33 hPa at 47 °C
Vapor density 5,04 - (Air = 1.0)

Relative density 1,08 at 20 °C
Water solubility at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 0,56 - (Lit.)
Autoignition temperature: 412 °C at 984 hPa
Decomposition temperature: Distillable in an undecomposed state at normal pressure.
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 2,01 mPa.s at 20 °C

Specifications of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 98.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.076 - 1.079
Identity (IR): passes test

Names of Oxalic acid diethyl ester:

Regulatory process names:
Diethyl ethanedioate
Diethyl oxalate
Diethyl oxalate
diethyl oxalate
Diethylester kyseliny stavelove
Ethanedioic acid, 1,2-diethyl ester
Ethanedioic acid, diethyl ester
ETHYL OXALATE
Ethyl oxalate
Ethyl oxalate (VAN)
oxalic acid diethylester diethyl oxalate
oxalic acid diethylester; diethyl oxalate
Oxalic acid, diethyl ester
Oxalic ether

Translated names:
acid oxalic dietilester dietil oxalat (ro)
diethylester čťavelové kyseliny diethyl-oxalát (cs)
diethyloxalaat (nl)
diethyloxalat ethyloxalat (da)
Diethyloxalat Oxalsäurediethylester (de)
dietil ester oksalne kisline dietil oksalat (sl)
dietile ossalato etile ossalato (it)
dietylester kyseliny šťaveľovej dietyl-oxalát (sk)
dietyloksalat etyloksalat (no)
dietyloxalat (sv)
Dietyylioksalaatti (fi)
diéthylester de l'acide oxalique; oxalate de diéthyle oxalate d'éthyle (fr)
Oksaalhappe dietüülester Dietüüloksalaat (et)
oksalo rūgšties dietilesteris dietiloksalatas (lt)
oxalato de dietilo oxalato de etilo (pt)
oxalato de dietilo éster dietílico del ácido oxálico (es)
oxálsav-dietil-észter dietil-oxalát (hu)
skābeņskābes dietilesteris dietiloksalāts (lv)
szczawian dietylu ester dietylowy kwasu szczawiowego (pl)
οξαλικός διαιθυλεστέρας (el)
диетилов естер на оксаловата киселина диетил оксалат (bg)

IUPAC names:
DIETHYL OXALATE
Diethyl Oxalate
Diethyl oxalate
diethyl oxalate
Diethyl oxalate
diethyl oxalate
diethylester
Diethyloxalat
Oxalic acid diethylester
oxalic acid diethylester

Trade names:
BRUGGOLEN P22

Other identifiers:
607-147-00-5
95-92-1

Molecular Formula: C2H2O4 or (COOH)2 or HOOCCOOH
Molecular Weight: 90.03
CAS No: 144-62-7



APPLICATIONS


Oxalic acid's main applications include cleaning or bleaching, especially for the removal of rust (iron complexing agent).

Oxalic Acid's utility in rust removal agents is due to its forming a stable, water-soluble salt with ferric iron, ferrioxalate ion.
The cleaning product Zud contains oxalic acid.
Oxalic acid is an ingredient in some tooth whitening products.
About 25% of produced oxalic acid will be used as a mordant in dyeing processes.

Oxalic Acid is also used in bleaches, especially for pulpwood, and for rust removal and other cleaning, in baking powder, and as a third reagent in silica analysis instruments.

Oxalic acid is used by some beekeepers as a miticide against the parasitic varroa mite.
Thymovar combined with an oxalic acid treatment has proved effective against the varroa mite.

Oxalic acid is an odorless white solid.
Furthermore, Oxalic Acid sinks and mixes with water.

Oxalic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is ethane substituted by carboxyl groups at positions 1 and 2.
Moreover, Oxalic Acid has a role as a human metabolite, a plant metabolite and an algal metabolite.
Oxalic Acid is a conjugate acid of an oxalate(1-) and an oxalate.

Oxalic acid is a metabolite found in the aging mouse brain.
Dilute solutions (0.05–0.15 M) of oxalic acid can be used to remove iron from clays such as kaolinite to produce light-colored ceramics.
Oxalic acid is used to clean minerals.

Oxalic acid is sometimes used in the aluminum anodizing process, with or without sulfuric acid.
Compared to sulfuric acid anodizing, the coatings obtained are thinner and exhibit lower surface roughness.
Oxalic acid is also widely used as a wood bleach, most often in its crystalline form to be mixed with water to its proper dilution for use.

Oxalic acid is also used in electronic and semiconductor industries.
In 2006 Oxalic Acid was reported being used in electrochemical–mechanical planarization of copper layers in the semiconductor devices fabrication process.


Uses of Oxalic Acid:

Batteries
Cleaning and safety
Products used for cleaning or safety in an occupational or industrial setting (e.g. Cleaning products and household care)
Bathtub, tile, and toilet surface cleaners acid
Cleaning products for general household cleaning
Products that remove stains or discoloration of fabric (including color-safe bleaches) used in laundry
Disinfectant
Products used to control microbial pests on hard surfaces or laundry
Metal specific
Metal polish
Products used to polish metal surfaces
Cons. electronics, mech. appliances, and machinery
Including small and large consumer electronics appliances (e.g. refrigerator, washing machine, vacuum cleaner, computer, phone, smoke detector)
Paint/stain and related products
Stripper
Products applied to hard surfaces to remove paints and finishes
Fragrance
fragrance component
pH regulating agent
pH regulation
Raw materials
Pure chemicals or ingredients
Boat cleaner
Cleaners, washes, and polishes for cleaning marine hulls applications
Rust remover

Oxalic Acid is used in the dyeing process as a mordant
Furthermore, Oxalic Acid is used in removing rust

In lanthanide chemistry, Oxalic Acid is used as an important reagent
Oxalic Acid is applied on marble sculptures to make it shine

Oxalic Acid is used in the manufacture of dye
More to that, Oxalic Acid is used in bleaches

Oxalic Acid is used in removing food and ink stains
Moreover, Oxalic Acid is used in developing photographic film
Oxalic Acid is used in wastewater treatment to remove the calcium deposit.

Oxalic acid’s conjugate base is the hydrogen oxalate anion and its conjugate base (commonly known as oxalate) is a competitive lactate dehydrogenase (often abbreviated to LDH) enzyme inhibitor.
Further, Oxalic Acid catalyses the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid (end product of the fermentation, which is an anaerobic process) oxidizing coenzyme NADH to NAD+ and H+ at the same time.

Restoring NAD+ levels is necessary if anaerobic energy metabolism is to continue through glycolysis.
Because cancer cells preferentially use anaerobic metabolism, Oxalic Acid inhibition has been shown to inhibit tumour development and growth.
Thus, Oxalic Acid provides an interesting possible course for the treatment of certain cancers.



DESCRIPTION


Oxalic acid is an organic acid with the systematic name ethanedioic acid and formula HO2C−CO2H.
Further, Oxalic Acid is the simplest dicarboxylic acid.
Oxalic Acid is a white crystalline solid that forms a colorless solution in water.

Name of Oxalic Acid comes from the fact that early investigators isolated oxalic acid from flowering plants of the genus Oxalis, commonly known as wood-sorrels.
Oxalic Acid occurs naturally in many foods.
Excessive ingestion of oxalic acid or prolonged skin contact can be dangerous.

Oxalic Acid is colorless, odorless powder or granular solid.
Furthermore, Oxalic Acid is found in many vegetables and plants.
Oxalic Acid is the simplest dicarboxylic acid with condensed formula HOOC-COOH and has an acidic strength greater than acetic acid.

Excess consumption of oxalic acid can be dangerous.
Oxalic Acid is produced by the oxidation of carbohydrates.

Oxalic Acid can also be prepared in the laboratory by the oxidation of sucrose in the presence of nitric acid and a catalyst like vanadium pentoxide.
Moreover, Oxalic acid has a structure with two polymorphs and it appears as a white crystalline solid which becomes a colourless solution when dissolved in water.
Oxalic Acid is a reducing agent and is used as a chelating agent with oxalate as its conjugate base.

Oxalic Acid, also called ethanedioic acid, a colourless, crystalline, toxic organic compound belonging to the family of carboxylic acids.

Oxalic acid is widely used as an acid rinse in laundries, where it is effective in removing rust and ink stains because it converts most insoluble iron compounds into a soluble complex ion.
For the same reason, Oxalic Acid is the chief constituent of many commercial preparations used for removing scale from automobile radiators.

The formula of oxalic acid is (C2H2O4).
The usual form of Oxalic Acid is that of the crystalline hydrate, (COOH)2·2H2O.
Oxalic Acid is known as a constituent of wood sorrel as early as the 17th century, oxalic acid was first prepared synthetically in 1776.

Oxalic Acid is manufactured by heating sodium formate in the presence of an alkali catalyst, by oxidizing carbohydrates with nitric acid, by heating sawdust with caustic alkalies, or by fermentation of sugar solutions in the presence of certain molds.
Moreover, Oxalic acid has much greater acid strength than acetic acid.

Oxalic Acid is a reducing agent and its conjugate base, known as oxalate (C2O2−4), is a chelating agent for metal cations.
Typically, oxalic acid occurs as the dihydrate with the formula C2H2O4·2H2O.

The preparation of salts of oxalic acid (crab acid) from plants had been known, at least since 1745, when the Dutch botanist and physician Herman Boerhaave isolated a salt from wood sorrel.
By 1773, François Pierre Savary of Fribourg, Switzerland had isolated oxalic acid from its salt in sorrel.

In 1776, Swedish chemists Carl Wilhelm Scheele and Torbern Olof Bergman produced oxalic acid by reacting sugar with concentrated nitric acid; Scheele called the acid that resulted socker-syra or såcker-syra (sugar acid).
By 1784, Scheele had shown that "sugar acid" and oxalic acid from natural sources were identical.
In 1824, the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler obtained oxalic acid by reacting cyanogen with ammonia in aqueous solution.
This experiment may represent the first synthesis of a natural product.

Oxalic acid is mainly manufactured by the oxidation of carbohydrates or glucose using nitric acid or air in the presence of vanadium pentoxide.
A variety of precursors can be used including glycolic acid and ethylene glycol.

A newer method entails oxidative carbonylation of alcohols to give the diesters of oxalic acid:
4 ROH + 4 CO + O2 → 2 (CO2R)2 + 2 H2O

These diesters are subsequently hydrolyzed to oxalic acid.
Approximately 120,000 tonnes of Oxalic Acid are produced annually.

Historically oxalic acid was obtained exclusively by using caustics, such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, on sawdust, followed by acidification of the oxalate by mineral acids, such as sulfuric acid.
Oxalic acid can also be formed by the heating of sodium formate in the presence of an alkaline catalyst.

Leafy greens, legumes, and most other plant foods contain a nutrient called oxalate or oxalic acid.
Oxalic Acid is a naturally occurring chemical you get through your diet.

The body also produces Oxalic Acid as waste.
Foods rich in Oxalic Acid also contain other nutrients that your body needs for good health.

Oxalic acid occurs naturally in many plants like the following:

Fruits
Cocoa
Leafy green vegetables
Nuts
Seeds
Spinach
Sweet potatoes
Star fruit
Turnip greens
Endive
Swiss chard
Beet greens

When oxalic acid mixes with other minerals, it forms oxalate.
People regularly use the two terms interchangeably to refer to the same thing: Oxalic Acid.

Your body produces oxalate and also gets it from food sources.
Oxalic Acid changes to oxalate when your body processes it.

Oxalic Acid is a poisonous strong acid (COOH)2 or H2C2O4 that occurs in various plants (such as spinach) as oxalates and is used especially as a bleaching or cleaning agent and as a chemical intermediate



PROPERTIES


Molecular Weight: 90.03
XLogP3-AA: -0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 89.99530854
Monoisotopic Mass: 89.99530854
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 71.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush with large amounts of water for at least 30 minutes, lifting upper and lower lids.
Remove contact lenses, if worn, while flushing.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Skin Contact:

Quickly remove contaminated clothing.
Immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of soap and water.
Seek medical attention.

Inhalation:

Remove the person from exposure.
Begin rescue breathing (using universal precautions) if breathing has stopped and CPR if heart action has stopped.
Transfer promptly to a medical facility.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Prior to working with Oxalic Acid you should be trained on its proper handling and storage.

Oxalic Acid reacts violently with OXIDIZING AGENTS (such as PERCHLORATES, PEROXIDES, PERMANGANATES,
CHLORATES, NITRATES, CHLORINE, BROMINE and FLUORINE); FURFURYL ALCOHOL; and CHLORITES to cause fires and explosions.
Oxalic Acid will react with SILVER and SILVER COMPOUNDS to form explosive Silver Oxalate.

Oxalic Acid is not compatible with STRONG ACIDS (such as HYDROCHLORIC, SULFURIC and NITRIC); STRONG BASES (such as SODIUM HYDROXIDE and POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE); ALKALI METALS (such as LITHIUM, SODIUM and POTASSIUM); and ACID CHLORIDES.
Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area away from MOISTURE and COMBUSTIBLES.

Sources of ignition, such as smoking and open flames, are prohibited where Oxalic Acid is used, handled, or stored in a manner that could create a potential fire or explosion
hazard.
Oxalic Acid corrodes STEEL.



SYNONYMS


oxalic acid
ethanedioic acid
144-62-7
Aktisal
Aquisal
oxalate
Oxiric acid
Oxalsaeure
Oxaalzuur
Kyselina stavelova
Acide oxalique
Acido ossalico
Acidum oxalicum
Caswell No. 625
Oxaalzuur [Dutch]
Oxalsaeure [German]
Oxalicacid
NCI-C55209
Ethanedionic acid
Acide oxalique [French]
Ethane-1,2-dioic acid
Acido ossalico [Italian]
Kyselina stavelova [Czech]
CCRIS 1454
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009601
HSDB 1100
AI3-26463
NSC 62774
BRN 0385686
HOOCCOOH
Oxalic acid anhydrous
MFCD00002573
CHEBI:16995
9E7R5L6H31
C2-beta-polymorph
NSC-62774
ETHANEDIOIC ACID DIHYDRATE
Ethanedioic acid-d2
Oxalic Acid Dianion
DSSTox_CID_5816
C00209
DSSTox_RID_77935
DSSTox_GSID_25816
Oxalic acid diammonium salt
Wood bleach
Oxaliplatin Related Compound A
CAS-144-62-7
OXD
C2H2O4
NSC115893
EINECS 205-634-3
Ethandisaeure
Ethanedionate
Oxagel
UNII-9E7R5L6H31
2dua
2hwg
H2ox
Anhydrous oxalic acid
Ethane-1,2-dioate
Oxalic acid, 98%
Oxalic acid (8CI)
oxalic acid 2 hydrate
Oxalic acid, anhydrous
Oxalic acid 2-Hydrate
1o4n
1t5a
Oxalate standard for IC
WLN: QVVQ
Ethanedioic acid (9CI)
OXALIC ACID [MI]
Oxalic acid dihydrate ACS
Ultraplast Activate S 52
bmse000106
EC 205-634-3
Oxalic Acid Low Ash Grade
OXALIC ACID [HSDB]
OXALIC ACID [INCI]
NCIOpen2_000770
NCIOpen2_001022
NCIOpen2_001042
NCIOpen2_001202
NCIOpen2_008831
OXALIC ACID [VANDF]
TETRADECANOIC-D27ACID
4-02-00-01819 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
OXALIC ACID [WHO-DD]
Oxalic acid solution, 0.5 M
Oxalic acid, AR, >=99%
Oxalic acid, LR, >=98%
CHEMBL146755
DTXSID0025816
Oxalic acid solution, 0.05 M
Oxalic acid, analytical standard
BDBM14674
bis(5-azaspiro[2.5]octan-8-ol)
HY-Y0262
NSC62774
Oxalicacid,0.1NStandardizedSolution
STR01359
ZINC6021239
Tox21_202122
Tox21_303346
BBL003000
bis((2R)-azetidine-2-carbonitrile)
s9354
STK379550
AKOS005449445
Oxalic acid, 5% w/v aqueous solution
CCG-266020
DB03902
SB40938
SB40959
SB40985
Oxalic acid, 10% w/v aqueous solution
Oxalic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99%
NCGC00249170-01
NCGC00257376-01
NCGC00259671-01
BP-21133
Oxalic acid 10 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
Oxalic acid, 0.1N Standardized Solution
Oxalic acid, SAJ first grade, >=97.0%
bis(1-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)ethan-1-amine)
CS-0013716
FT-0657506
Oxalic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
OXALIPLATIN IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
OXALIPLATIN RELATED COMPOUND A [USP-RS]
Oxalic acid, purum, anhydrous, >=97.0% (RT)
Q184832
J-007978
OXALIPLATIN RELATED COMPOUND A [USP IMPURITY]
F1B1B2D7-C290-4CE6-8550-F25B202AFADE
Ethanedioic acid; Aktisal
Aquisal
Oxiric acid; HOOCCOOH
Acide oxalique
Acido ossalico
Ethanedionic acid
Kyselina stavelova
NCI-C55209
Oxaalzuur
Oxalsaeure
Ethane-1,2-dioic acid
NSC 62774
F2191-0257
Oxalic acid, puriss. p.a., anhydrous, >=99.0% (RT)
Oxalic acid, purified grade, 99.999% trace metals basis
Oxalate standard for IC, 1.000 g/L in H2O, analytical standard
Oxalic acid concentrate, 0.1 M (COOH)2 (0.2N), eluent concentrate for IC

Oxidized PE Wax also known as OPE wax.
Oxidized PE Wax is an excellent new type of polar wax.


CAS Number: 68441-17-8
EC Number: 614-498-8
MDL Number: MFCD00084426
Molecular Formula: C51H102O21Si2



SYNONYMS:
Poe, Ployoxyethylene, Oxidized polyethylene, Oxidizedpolyethylene, Oxidizedpolyethylenewaxes, Ethene, homopolymer, oxidized, Polyethylene,oxidised, Oxidizedpolyethylenewax, Ethene,homopolymer,oxidized, Oxidisedpolyethylenewax, Polyethylene, oxidiz, Oxidized polyethylene wax, Poly(ethylene) oxidized, Polyethylene, oxidized, Poe, Ployoxyethylene, Oxidized polyethylene, Oxidizedpolyethylene, Oxidizedpolyethylenewaxes, Ethene, homopolymer, oxidized, Polyethylene,oxidised, Oxidizedpolyethylenewax, Ethene,homopolymer,oxidized, Oxidisedpolyethylenewax, Polyethylene, oxidiz, Oxidized polyethylene wax, Poly(ethylene) oxidized, Polyethylene, oxidized,



Oxidized PE Wax is an excellent polar wax.
Oxidized PE Wax has special properties such as low viscosity, high softening point, and hardness.
Meanwhile, Oxidized PE Wax is non-toxic, has good thermal stability, and has low volatility at high temperatures, good dispersion.


Oxidized PE Wax is an ideal product to replace Mongolian wax, sichuan wax, liquid paraffin wax, microcrystalline wax, natural paraffin wax, polyethylene wax and so on.
Oxidized PE Wax production by polyethylene wax after a special oxidation process oxidation system.


Oxidized PE Wax has low molecular weight polyethylene oxide containing hydroxyl and carboxyl groups
Oxidized PE Wax is white and slightly yellow powder, with good chemical stability, soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons
Oxidized PE Wax is made from polyethylene wax after special oxidation process.


Oxidized PE Wax has certain functional groups on the molecular chain, so its compatibility with polar resins has been significantly improved, which is better than polyethylene wax, and has good compatibility with rubber, plastics, paraffin wax and other materials.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the dispersity of colorant, give products a good luster and improve production efficiency.


Oxidized PE Wax has good internal and external lubricity, thus it can achieve better lubricating property than the other lubricants when it’s used in the formula of rigid transparent or opaque PVC products.
Oxidized PE Wax is a type of polyethylene wax that has undergone an oxidation process.


Oxidized PE Wax is derived from the polymerization of ethylene gas and is commonly used in various industries due to its unique properties.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the production efficiency of plastic processing and reduce the production cost.
Oxidized PE Wax also known as OPE wax.


Oxidized PE Wax is a water-soluble and thermoplastic non-ionic linear macromolecule polymer, which has the properties of flocculation, thickening, slow release, lubrication, dispersion, retention, water retention, etc., and is non-toxic and non-irritating.
Oxidized PE Wax is a low molecular weight polyethylene with hydroxyl and carboxyl.


Oxidized PE Wax acts as a lubricant. Offers good chemical durability.
Oxidized PE Wax is an excellent new type of polar wax.
Oxidized PE Wax has special properties such as low viscosity, high softening point and good hardness.


Oxidized PE Wax has excellent internal and external lubrication.
Oxidized PE Wax has good cold resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance and wear resistance, and has good compatibility with polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, and butyl rubber.


Oxidized PE Wax is an indispensable chemical material that can be used in wide range of industries and have various applications.
Low production cost, good compatibility with polyolefin resin, Oxidized PE Wax has good moisture resistance at room temperature, strong chemical resistance, excellent electrical properties, can improve the appearance of finished products.


The molecular chain has certain functional groups, so Oxidized PE Wax's miscibility with polar resin has been significantly improved.
Due to a certain amount of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups in the molecular chain of Oxidized PE Wax, the compatibility with fillers, pigments and polar resins is significantly improved.


The wettability and dispersibility in polar system are better than that of polyethylene wax, and Oxidized PE Wax also has coupling property.
Oxidized PE Wax is in the plastic processing industry, the internal and external lubrication of PVC is relatively balanced.
The lubricity of Oxidized PE Wax added to the rigid, transparent and opaque PVC formula is better than that of other lubricants.


Oxidized PE Wax molecules have polar groups like carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups, a property which increases the compatibility with fillers, pigments, and polar resins.
Wettability and dispersibility of Oxidized PE Wax are also better than polyethylene wax.


Oxidized PE Wax is a low adhesive and hard polymer which has good chemical and heat stability, high softening point and also good lubricant effect.
The molecular chain of Oxidized PE Wax has certain functional groups, so its solubility with polar resin has been significantly improved, which is superior to polyethylene wax.


Low density Oxidized PE Wax can be plasticized ahead of time, and the later torque is reduced.
Oxidized PE Wax has no toxicity, good thermal stability, low volatility at high temperature, excellent dispersibility to fillers and pigments, excellent external lubricity and Strong internal lubrication, but also coupled.


Oxidized PE Wax's performance is comparable to the US Honeywell AC wax.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the production efficiency of plastic processing, reduce the production cost, has good compatibility with polyolefin resin, etc.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the fluidity of polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS and the demoulding of polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate.


For PVC and other external lubricants, Oxidized PE Wax has stronger internal lubricating effect compared with other external lubricants.
Oxidized PE Wax has low viscosity, high softening point, hardness.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the fluidity of polyethylene, polypropylene and ABS and the demoulding property of polymethylmethacrylate and polycarbonate.


Oxidized PE Wax has good special performance, such as non-toxicity, good thermal stability, high temperature and low volatility, excellent dispersity of fillers, pigments, both excellent external lubricity, and strong internal lubrication.
Oxidized PE Wax also has coupling effect, can improve the production efficiency of plastic processing.


Due to its high melting point and low viscosity, Oxidized PE Wax promotes good resin fluidity, relatively reduces the power consumption of resin mixing, reduces the adhesion between resin and mold, is easy to remove film, plays the role of internal and external lubrication, and has good antistatic property.


Oxidized PE Wax has good moisture resistance at normal temperature, strong chemical resistance, excellent electrical properties, and can improve the appearance of finished products.


Oxidized PE Wax can replace the products of Mengdan wax, Sichuan wax, liquid paraffin, microcrystalline paraffin, natural paraffin, and polyethylene wax, etc, and its performance is comparable to that of the Honeywell A-C wax.
Oxidized PE Wax is a versatile material known for its applications in various industries.


Oxidized PE Wax is a type of polyethylene wax that has undergone an oxidation process.
Oxidized PE Wax has excellent internal and external lubrication.
Oxidized PE Wax is obtained by oxidation of polyethylene wax.


PE wax is non-oxidized wax, OPE wax is oxidized wax, with a certain acid value, oxidized wax molecular chain with a certain amount of carbonyl and hydroxyl, Oxidized PE Wax is excellent new polar wax, so the compatibility with fillers, pigments, polar resins is significantly improved, lubricity, dispersion is better than polyethylene wax, but also both coupling properties.


However, when subjected to an oxidation process, the properties of PE wax are enhanced, resulting in a valuable product called Oxidized PE Wax.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the fluidity of polyethylene, polypropylene and ABS and the demoulding property of polymethylmethacrylate and polycarbonate.
Oxidized PE Wax proves to be a true chameleon in the world of industrial applications, with its versatility and adaptability to various industries.



USES and APPLICATIONS of OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax is used as processing auxiliaries for PVC shapes, pipes and plates to increase the surface smoothness.
Oxidized PE Wax offers very good internal and external lubrication performance.
Oxidized PE Wax is used in many products, such as PVC compound, PVC profile, PVC pipe, PVC cable filler, TPE processing aids, hot melt adhesives, and PVC sheet.


Oxidized PE Wax acts as the lubricant, cost-saving agent and release agent in the course of extruding, calendaring, injecting, blowing molding of PE, PP and other plastic.
Oxidized PE Wax is applied in the field of hot melt road marking material.


Oxidized PE Wax is used in colour masterbatch, polypropylene masterbatch, additives masterbatch, Filling masterbatch and other pigment or filler: Dispersant, lubricant, brightener, coupling agent.
Oxidized PE Wax is used in rubber: processing lubricant, remover and solvent.


Oxidized PE Wax is used in ink: dispersant , anti liniment.
Oxidized PE Wax is used in Hot melt adhesive: Viscosity regulator.
Oxidized PE Wax is used in Aluminum foil composite paper: processing aids.


Oxidized PE Wax is used as Flooring coatings, leather coating, shoe polish, wax polish, car wax, wax rod, ink, cosmetics, match wear-resisting agent, ceramics, precision casting agent, oil absorbent, sealant, medicine, hot melt adhesive, Lawan paint and powder coating matting agent, cable material additives, wax, wax oil suction pen, carbon paper, wax paper, inkpad, photosensitive material matrix, textile softener, electronic component sealant, transistor agent, packet rubber processing aid, car bottom oil, dental materials, processing aids, steel rust etc..


Oxidized PE Wax is suitable for all kinds of natural fiber content, cotton, polyester/cotton fabric, chemical fiber wool-like fabric post-processing, especially suitable for Cotton, polyester/cotton of hydrophilic soft finishing, polyester prevent hair and other wool fabric after treatment.
Oxidized PE Wax is very suitable for wood-plastic composite materials, profiles, masterbatch, rubber materials and other fields.


Oxidized PE Wax can be used as PVC and other plastic lubricant.
Oxidized PE Wax is used in many products, such as PVC compound, PVC profile, PVC pipe, PVC cable filler, TPE processing aids, hot melt adhesives, and PVC sheet.


Oxidized PE Wax acts as the lubricant, cost-saving agent and release agent in the course of extruding, calendering, injecting, blowing molding of PE, PP and other plastic.
Oxidized PE Wax acts as the dispersant for masterbatches, pigment, carbon black, additive for parent material, filling parent material and other pigments.


Oxidized PE Wax is applied in the field of hot melt road marking material.
Oxidized PE Wax acts as the additive for shoeshine, floor wax, car wax, polishing wax, chinaware, pill wax, paint, coating, cable, carbon paper, wax paper, textile softening agent etc.


Oxidized PE Wax is used excellent internal and external lubrication.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the lubricity between polymer and metal.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the dispersion of colorants.


Oxidized PE Wax is used give products good transparency and luster.
Oxidized PE Wax is used better improve production efficiency.
Oxidized PE Wax is used Stabilizer, Modified asphalt, Wax emulsion, and PVC products.


Oxidized PE Wax is used in various industries to solve a wide range of tasks.
Oxidized PE Wax is also widely applied to PE or PVC cables, PVC profiles, pipe as new-type plastic lubricants.
Oxidized PE Wax is made from polyethylene wax by special oxidation process.


Oxidized PE Wax is a non-toxic, good thermal stability, low temperature volatility, excellent dispersion for fillers and pigments.
Oxidized PE Wax not only has excellent external lubricity, but also has a strong internal lubricating effect, and also has a coupling effect, which can improve the production efficiency of plastic processing and reduce production costs.


Oxidized PE Wax is used coating Auxiliary Agents, Electronics Chemicals, Leather Auxiliary Agents, Paper Chemicals, Petroleum Additives, Plastic Auxiliary Agents, Rubber Auxiliary Agents, Surfactants, Textile Auxiliary Agents.
Oxidized PE Wax has special properties such as low viscosity, high softening point and good hardness.


Oxidized PE Wax is used in many products, such as PVC compound, PVC profile, PVC pipe, PVC cable filler, TPE processing aids, hot melt adhesives, and PVC sheet.
Oxidized PE Wax is widely used in papermaking, coatings, inks, textile printing and dyeing, daily chemical industries and other industries.


Oxidized PE Wax used in color masterbatch, PVC products, Wax emulsion (emulsification) , modified material.
Oxidized PE Wax is used as lubricants in the processing of plastics , used in the field of hot melt road marking material, act as dispersant for masterbatches, pigment, carbon black, can be used as additive for various types of waxes like shoeshine, floor wax, car wax etc.


Oxidized PE Wax can also be used as raw and auxiliary materials for textile softener, car wax and leather softener.
Oxidized PE Wax can be used as dispersant, lubricant, brightener and coupling agent of pigment or filler such as dense masterbatch, polypropylene masterbatch, additive masterbatch and filling masterbatch.


Oxidized PE Wax is used rubber and plastic processing lubricants, film removers and phase solvents.
In the formulation of waterborne coatings and inks, Oxidized PE Wax provides excellent wear resistance, adhesion resistance and scratch resistance.
At present, Oxidized PE Wax is widely used in PVC foam board, but it is less used in other aspects due to price reasons.


PVC foam board is the most difficult to produce in PVC products, which has the most problems and is the most difficult to solve.
The plasticization can be significantly accelerated after adding oxidized.
Oxidized PE Wax is widely used in water-based coatings and ink formulations to provide excellent abrasion resistance, anti-adhesion and scratch resistance.


Oxidized PE Wax can also be used to make raw and auxiliary materials for textile softener, car wax, and leather softener.
Oxidized PE Wax is made from polyethylene wax by special oxidation process.
Oxidized PE Wax has special properties such as low viscosity, high softening point and good hardness.


Oxidized PE Wax is non-toxic, has good thermal stability, low temperature volatility, and excellent dispersion for fillers and pigments.
Oxidized PE Wax can also be emulsified in water. Emulsions are used in finishing of textiles to get a smooth surface which facilitates further production steps.


The additive for rubber process and car anti-rust agent etc.
A method of preparation of Oxidized PE Wax, which has many applications such as in plastics, rubber, leather, paper, inks and textiles, etc. was developed.
Polyethylene waxes provide stronger internal lubrication for PVC than other external lubricants.


Oxidized PE Wax is used as lubricants in the processing of plastics such as polyvinylchloride to prevent the plastic from sticking to the hot surfaces in the machinery, which saves energy and enhances the material properties of products such as PVC pipes and profiles.
Oxidized PE Wax not only has excellent external lubricity, but also has a strong internal lubricating effect, and also has a coupling effect, which can improve the production efficiency of plastic processing and reduce production costs.


Using Oxidized PE Wax as plastic products processing lubricant can effectively improve demoulding, significantly reduce times of mould cleaning.
Oxidized PE Wax is mainly used for WPC & foaming material product, such as: PVC WPC foaming profile,plate,WPC building template,foaming profile,foaming board etc rigid product.


Oxidized PE Wax is widely used because of its excellent cold resistance, heat resistance, chemical resistance and wear resistance.
In normal production, Oxidized PE Wax can be added directly to polyolefin processing as an additive, which increases gloss and processing properties of the product.


As a lubricant, Oxidized PE Wax has stable chemical properties and good electrical properties.
Polyethylene wax is soluble in polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene-propylene rubber and butyl rubber.
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the fluidity of polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS and the demoulding of polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate.


Oxidized PE Wax is used PVC heat stabilizer and profile, pipe, plate, etc.
After emulsification, Oxidized PE Wax is used for the paper industry, printing and dyeing, and garment industry,water-based ink, and water-based shoe polish.


Oxidized PE Wax is used in masterbatch, filler masterbatch, modified masterbatch, and functional masterbatch.
Oxidized PE Wax is used PVC heat stabilizer and profile, pipe, plate, etc.
After emulsification, Oxidized PE Wax is used for the paper industry, printing and dyeing and garment industry,water-based ink,water-based shoe polish;


Oxidized PE Wax is used Masterbatch, filler masterbatch, modified masterbatch,functional masterbatch;
Oxidized PE Wax is used Hot melt adhesive, adhesives.
Oxidized PE Wax is used Paint, coating, road marking paint.


Oxidized PE Wax can also be emulsified in water.
Wax emulsions are applied as finishes to textiles in order to obtain a smoother surface in order to make them easier to sew and to make them more resistant to linting and pilling.


Polyethylene waxes are used in polishes applied to shoes, furniture, floors and car bodywork and wax emulsions to protect the surface, to provide gloss or to enhance safety by increasing the slip resistance.
Addition of wax emulsions to the coating of glossy magazines protects the surface against ink rub-off.


A thin layer of Oxidized PE Wax can also be applied to the skin of citrus fruit to prevent it from drying out and becoming bruised.
Oxidized PE Wax as PVC profiles, pipes, plates, color masterbatch, processing aid, the dosage of 0.3 ~ 0.5% can improve the surface finish of processed products.


Oxidized PE Wax is used as hot melt adhesive and adhesives.
Oxidized PE Wax is used in paint, coating, and road marking paint.


-In the plastics processing industry, the internal and external lubrication effects of PVC are relatively balanced; adding Oxidized PE Wax to the hard, transparent and opaque PVC formulation has better lubricity than other lubricants.
Oxidized PE Wax is widely used in the production of PE, PVC cables, PVC profiles, pipes, and is an excellent new type of plastic processing lubricant.


-In rubber uses of Oxidized PE Wax:
Oxidized PE Wax has good compatibility with various rubbers.
Due to its high melting point and low viscosity, Oxidized PE Wax promotes good resin fluidity, relatively reduces the power consumption of resin mixing, and reduces the adhesion between resin and mold.
Oxidized PE Wax is easy to remove the film, plays a role of internal and external lubrication, and has good anti-static properties.


-Good emulsifying property, because a large amount of oxygen-containing groups are introduced during oxidation of Oxidized PE Wax, the interfacial tension during emulsification is lowered, so that a stable Oxidized PE Wax emulsion can be obtained, and reduced the amount of the emulsification agent, which is very important for the polish.


-Oxidized PE Wax has good compatibility with rubber, plastic, paraffin and other materials.
The internal and external lubrication of PVC is relatively balanced, the addition of Oxidized PE Wax to the rigid transparent PVC formulation is superior to other lubricants.


-Oxidized PE Wax is used in plastics:
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the production efficiency of the main plastic processing and reduce the production cost.

Adding Oxidized PE Wax to the hard, transparent and opaque PVC formula has better lubricity than other lubricants.
Oxidized PE Wax is widely used in PE, PVC cable materials, PVC profiles, PVC pipes, as well as raw and auxiliary materials for textile softening, car wax, and leather softener.


-Oxidized PE Wax is used in PVC foam boards:
Oxidized PE Wax is widely used in foam board. PVC foam board is the most difficult to produce in pvc products.
Oxidized PE Wax is the most difficult to solve the most problems.
Add Oxidized PE Wax, the plasticization can be accelerated obviously.


-The molecular chain of Oxidized PE Wax has a certain amount of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.
The Oxidized PE Wax is an excellent new polar wax, so the compatibility with fillers, pigments and polar resins is significantly improved, lubricity and dispersibility.
Oxidized PE Wax is superior to polyethylene wax and also has coupling property.


-Oxidized polyethylene wax for pvc products
*Oxidized PE Wax can be used as PVC and other plastic lubricant.
*Oxidized PE Wax is excellent internal and external lubrication.
*Oxidized PE Wax can improve the lubricity between polymer and metal.
*Oxidized PE Wax can improve the dispersion of colorants.
*Give products good transparency and luster.
*Better improve production efficiency


-Coatings and Inks uses of Oxidized PE Wax:
Oxidized PE Wax finds extensive use in the coatings and ink industry.

Due to its excellent dispersibility and compatibility with other materials, Oxidized PE Wax is commonly employed as a dispersing agent, matting agent, and surface modifier in coatings and ink formulations.
Oxidized PE Wax’s ability to improve scratch resistance, gloss, and anti-blocking properties makes it an essential ingredient in these applications.


-Oxidized PE Wax has good compatibility with polyolefin resin, etc.
Oxidized PE Wax has good moisture resistance at normal temperature, strong chemical resistance, excellent electrical properties, improved appearance of finished products, low viscosity and high softening point.

Good hardness and other special properties, non-toxic, good thermal stability, low volatility at high temperature, excellent dispersion of fillers and pigments, excellent external lubricity, strong internal lubrication, and even together, Oxidized PE Wax can improve the production efficiency of plastic processing and reduce production costs.


-Oxidized PE Wax is commonly used in the production of PVC rigid products due to its excellent compatibility with PVC and its ability to improve various properties of the final product.
Here are some ways in which Oxidized PE Wax can be used in PVC rigid product manufacturing:

*Lubrication:
Oxidized PE Wax acts as a lubricant, reducing friction and improving the flow of PVC during processing.
This facilitates the extrusion or injection molding of PVC rigid products, resulting in improved surface finish and dimensional stability.

*Processing Aid:
Oxidized PE Wax can act as a processing aid, enhancing the fusion of PVC resins and improving the melt strength of the material.
Oxidized PE Wax can lead to increased productivity and reduced scrap rates during production.

*Impact Modification:
Oxidized PE Wax can be used as an impact modifier in PVC rigid products, improving their toughness and resistance to impact.
Oxidized PE Wax is particularly useful in applications where the product may be subjected to mechanical stresses or impacts, such as pipes or fittings.

*Anti-Blocking Agent:
Oxidized PE Wax can be used as an anti-blocking agent in PVC films, preventing them from sticking together during storage or transportation.
This improves handling and usability for end-users.

*Matting Effect:
Oxidized PE Wax can be used to impart a matting effect to PVC coatings and paints, resulting in a matte or satin finish.
This is useful in applications where a glossy appearance is not desired.

*Thermal Stability:
Oxidized PE Wax exhibits good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand high temperatures without significant degradation.
This property makes Oxidized PE Wax suitable for use in PVC rigid products that may be exposed to elevated temperatures during processing or use.


-PVC Stabilization uses of Oxidized PE Wax:
In the manufacturing of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products, Oxidized PE Wax plays a crucial role as an external lubricant and processing aid.
Oxidized PE Wax helps improve the flow properties of PVC compounds, reducing processing difficulties and enhancing the final product’s surface finish.
Additionally, Oxidized PE Wax acts as a heat stabilizer for PVC, improving the material’s resistance to thermal degradation during processing.


-Textile and Leather Processing uses of Oxidized PE Wax:
Oxidized PE Wax finds applications in the textile and leather industries as a softening agent and lubricant.
In textile processing, Oxidized PE Wax imparts a smooth, soft feel to fabrics and enhances their dye receptivity.
In leather processing, Oxidized PE Wax aids in achieving uniform colour distribution and improved water repellency in leather products.


-Adhesives and Sealants uses of Oxidized PE Wax:
The addition of Oxidized PE Wax to adhesives and sealants can improve their performance in various ways.
Oxidized PE Wax acts as a flow and rheology modifier, reducing viscosity and enhancing workability during application.
Additionally, Oxidized PE Wax helps enhance the adhesion and wetting properties of adhesives and sealants, resulting in stronger and more durable bonds.


-Masterbatches and Compounds uses of Oxidized PE Wax:
Oxidized PE Wax is often used as a processing aid in the production of masterbatches and compounds.
Oxidized PE Wax improves the dispersion of pigments, fillers, and additives in the polymer matrix, leading to more uniform and consistent final products.
Furthermore, Oxidized PE Wax’s lubricating properties facilitate better melt flow, reducing energy consumption during processing.


-Rubber and Tire Industry uses of Oxidized PE Wax:
In the rubber and tire industry, Oxidized PE Wax is employed as a lubricant and processing aid during the compounding and shaping processes.
Oxidized PE Wax helps prevent the sticking of rubber compounds to processing equipment, resulting in smoother and more efficient production.
Additionally, Oxidized PE Wax contributes to the enhancement of the finished rubber product’s surface properties.



FEATURES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
1. Oxidized PE Wax has obviously improved fabric, paper, leather products and coating film hand sensibility, smoothness, light resistance, smooth softness good function;
2. Oxidized PE Wax is used in the production of high performance coating anti-settling wax slurry, textiles slip agent (cowboy cloth material), printing paste, wax emulsion, floor polishes, fruit fresh paint, oil polish and so on;
3. Oxidized PE Wax is used for water paint, paper, leather industry, a new generation of high quality brightener;
4. Oxidized PE Wax thermal stability is good, not yellow. In the textile industry, mainly used for softening agent and sizing agent, finishing agent.
Make the finished fabric have a soft and smooth handle, at the same time improve the physical properties of the fabric.
5. In man-made board industry, instead of paraffin waterproofing agent can get obvious effect;
6. Polyurethane unemployment and other process good release agent;
7. Oxidized PE Wax acid and alkali resistance, good chemical stability.
8. Oxidized PE Wax non-toxic, no corrosion, non-inflammable non-dangerous goods, do not contain the free formaldehyde, APEO, phosphorus, etc. Is environmental protection product.



PROPERTIES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax contains some hydroxyls in its molecular chain, which greatly improves its compatibility with polar resins, superior to PE wax in this regard.

Oxidized PE Wax has good internal and external lubricity, thus it can achieve better lubricating properties than the other lubricants when used in the formula of rigid transparent or opaque PVC products.

Oxidized PE Wax also widely applies to PE or PVC cables, PVC profiles, and pipe as new-type plastic lubricants and can be used as raw or auxiliary material for textile softener, auto wax, and leather softener.
Oxidized PE Wax has good chemical durability, soluble in aromatic hydrocarbon.



ADVANTAGES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
1. Oxidized PE Wax can be used as PVC and other plastic lubricant.
2. Excellent internal and external lubrication.
3, Oxidized PE Wax can improve the lubricity between polymer and metal.
4, Oxidized PE Wax can improve the dispersion of colorants.
5, Give products good transparency and luster.
6. Better improve production efficiency



CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
the molecular chain of Oxidized PE Wax has certain functional groups, so the solubility of it and polar resin can be improved significantly, which is better than that of polyethylene wax.



ADVANTAGES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax is made from polyethylene wax by special oxidation process.
Oxidized PE Wax has low viscosity, high softening point, good hardness and other special properties.
In PVC system, low density Oxidized PE Wax can be plasticized ahead of time, and the later torque is reduced.
Oxidized PE Wax has excellent internal and external lubrication.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OXIDIZED PE WAX AND POLYETHYLENE WAX?
Oxidized PE Wax is a bright plastic auxiliaries for internal and external lubrication.
Oxidized PE Wax is mainly produced by using polyethylene paraffin stearate stearic acid sulphate heated in a reaction vessel to a temperature of 380 °C for 6 to 8 hours.

The difference between Oxidized PE Wax and polyethylene wax is that the Oxidized PE Wax contains a modified wax product of a polar gene, so that the properties of Oxidized PE Wax such as durability and polishing are much better than polyethylene wax.

The chemical properties of Oxidized PE Wax are more stable than polyethylene wax, non-toxic and non-corrosive, and make Oxidized PE Wax more widely used.
Oxidized PE Wax is a versatile and highly beneficial material that offers numerous advantages in various industries.

One key advantage of Oxidized PE Wax lies in its excellent lubricating properties.
Due to its low coefficient of friction, Oxidized PE Wax can effectively reduce friction between surfaces, resulting in reduced wear and tear on equipment and machinery.

This characteristic makes Oxidized PE Wax an ideal additive for industrial applications such as plastic processing, rubber compounding, and coatings formulation.

Additionally, Oxidized PE Wax exhibits outstanding dispersibility, meaning it can be easily incorporated into different mediums without clumping or settling.
This feature of Oxidized PE Wax allows for even distribution throughout the desired materials, enhancing their overall performance and stability.



ADVANTAGES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax is a versatile and highly advantageous material that offers numerous benefits across various industries.
One key advantage of Oxidized PE Wax lies in its exceptional lubricating properties.
Due to its low coefficient of friction, Oxidized PE Wax reduces the friction between surfaces, facilitating smooth movement and reducing wear and tear.

Moreover, Oxidized PE Wax exhibits excellent heat stability, making it an ideal choice for applications involving high temperatures.
Oxidized PE Wax's resistance to chemicals further enhances its utility in industries where exposure to corrosive substances is common.

Another significant advantage is Oxidized PE Wax's ability to improve the flow characteristics of materials during processing or manufacturing processes like extrusion or injection molding.

This property not only aids in achieving more precise end products but also increases production efficiency by minimizing downtime caused by equipment clogging or jamming issues.

Additionally, Oxidized PE Wax acts as an effective dispersant, allowing for better distribution of pigments and fillers within formulations such as paints or coatings, resulting in improved coloration and overall quality of the final product.



CHARACTERISTICS OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax has good compatibility with PVC and other PVC additives.
Oxidized PE Wax is suitable for many kinds of processing conditions, it can improve fusion, melt, impact strength and surface gloss.
Oxidized PE Wax can be widely used in transparent sheets, granules, window profiles, board, and pipes.



MARKET OVERVIEW AND REPORT COVERAGE OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax is a type of polyethylene wax that is produced by oxidation of low molecular weight polyethylene.
Oxidized PE Wax is commonly used as a lubricant, dispersant, and processing aid in various industries, including plastics, coatings, adhesives, and rubber.

The future outlook of the Oxidized PE Waxmarket is positive and promising.
The market of Oxidized PE Wax is expected to witness steady growth during the forecast period.
Technological advancements and innovations in the production of Oxidized PE Wax is likely to drive market growth.

The increasing demand for Oxidized PE Wax from end-use industries, such as packaging, textiles, and paints, is another major factor contributing to the growth of the market.
The current outlook of the Oxidized PE Wax market is also favorable.

The market is experiencing steady growth due to the wide range of applications of Oxidized PE Wax in different industries.
The demand for Oxidized PE Wax is particularly high in the plastics industry, where it is used as a lubricant and release agent.

The rising demand for plastic products from various sectors, including automotive, construction, and packaging, is driving the growth of the Oxidized PE Wax market.
Moreover, the growing awareness about the benefits of Oxidized PE Wax, such as its low melting point, excellent dispersion, and improved processing characteristics, is further fueling market growth.

Additionally, the market of Oxidized PE Wax is witnessing the emergence of new players and the expansion of existing manufacturers, leading to increased competition and product innovation.
However, challenges such as fluctuating raw material prices and environmental concerns regarding the disposal of Oxidized PE Wax may impede market growth to some extent.

Nevertheless, the overall outlook for the Oxidized PE Wax market remains positive, with a projected compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of % during the forecast period mentioned.



CHARACTERISTICS AND PURPOSES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
1. Oxidized PE Wax is a synthetic wax.
Oxidized PE Wax has different melting point, hardness, and density, polyethylene wax is a very good choice under the high temperature condition.

Oxidized PE Wax emulsion refers to the water-based system with the particle size distribution below 1 μ m, distinguished by the emulsion iconicity, it can be non-ionic, anionic, and cationic.
Oxidized PE Wax emulsion is different from wax dispersion, it has no matting effect, and be used for coating and inks which has high requirement on gloss.


2. Oxidized PE Wax with high gloss and high transparency, can improve hand-feeling, abrasion&scratch resistance, especially suitable for coatings that need high gloss and transparency.


3. Oxidized PE Wax is used for fabric finish, coating, ink, paper, leather, B-26 provides abrasion&scratch resistance, high gloss and soft hand-feeling.


4. Oxidized PE Wax can be used for water-based coatings, and polish fields like floor, leather, furniture, automotive, paper and others, as well as the production of liquid shoe polish, metal mold release agents, and other industries.


5. When added into the leather finishing agents, Oxidized PE Wax can increase the leather feeling and abrasion resistance; when added into color paste, it can provide flatting effectand can prevent the coating from stickiness when meet heat.



PROPERTIES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax contains functional groups (acid and Ester groups) causing improved compatibility with the PVC melt.
In the extrusion process Oxidized PE Wax provides efficient external lubrication that helps to maintain premium physical and aesthetic properties under high shear operating conditions.
Thanks to their polar group Oxidized PE Wax has an affinity to metal surfaces providing external release.



HOW IS OXIDIZED PE WAX MADE:
Oxidized PE Wax is a polar reaction product resin produced by mild air oxidation of polyethylene so that it produces a minimum average molecular weight of 1,200 as determined by high temperature vapor pressure.



CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax has low adhesive, high softening point, and good hardness with stable chemical characteristics of good heat stability, good dispersion performance, no poison, no frost, and mucous membrane; as an ideal interior & exterior lubricant.



ADVANTAGES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
1, Oxidized PE Wax can be used as PVC and other plastic lubricant.
2. Excellent internal and external lubrication.
3, Oxidized PE Wax can improve the lubricity between polymer and metal.
4, Oxidized PE Wax can improve the dispersion of colorants.
5, Give products good transparency and luster.
6. Better improve production efficiency



CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Low adhesive, high softening point and good hardness with stable chemical characteristics of good heat stability, good dispersion performance, no poison, no frost and mucous membrane; as an ideal interior & exterior lubricant, Oxidized PE Wax can be used as a substitute for liquid paraffin, natural paraffin etc



PROPERTIES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Oxidized PE Wax is a white particle,flake or powder, with good lubricant effect, chemical durability and good electrical performance, soluble in aromatic hydrocarbon.



FEATURES OF OXIDIZED PE WAX:
1. Improved Compatibility:
Oxidized PE Wax exhibits enhanced compatibility with polar materials, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), and various coatings.
This compatibility facilitates better dispersion and adhesion of Oxidized PE Wax in these materials, leading to improved performance and stability.

2. Lubrication and Slip Resistance:
Oxidized PE Wax offers excellent lubricating properties, reducing friction and improving the slip resistance of various products.
Oxidized PE Wax can be used as an additive in coatings, inks, and plastics to enhance surface properties and facilitate processing.

3. Matting Effect:
When used in coatings and paints, Oxidized PE Wax can impart a matting effect, resulting in a matte or satin finish.
This is particularly useful in applications where a glossy appearance is not desired.

4. Improved Rheological Properties:
Oxidized PE Wax can modify the rheological properties of formulations, such as viscosity and flow behavior.
Oxidized PE Wax can act as a rheology modifier, improving the processability and application characteristics of various systems.

5. Thermal Stability:
Oxidized PE Wax exhibits good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand high temperatures without significant degradation.
This property makes Oxidized PE Wax suitable for applications requiring heat resistance, such as hot-melt adhesives and coatings.

6. Anti-blocking Properties:
Oxidized PE Wax can be used as an anti-blocking agent in films, preventing them from sticking together during storage or transportation.
This improves handling and usability for end-users.



OXIDIZED PE WAX OFFERS SEVERAL ADVANTAGES, INCLUDING:
1. Improved Surface Properties:
Oxidized PE Wax is known to improve the surface properties of materials, such as scratch resistance and slip resistance.
Oxidized PE Wax can provide a smooth and glossy finish to products and enhance their durability.

2. Enhanced Processibility:
Oxidized PE Wax can improve the processing characteristics of materials, making them easier to handle and process.
Oxidized PE Wax can reduce the friction between surfaces during processing, leading to improved flow and reduced processing time.

3. High Thermal Stability:
Oxidized PE Wax has high thermal stability and can withstand temperatures up to 150°C without degradation.
This makes Oxidized PE Wax suitable for use in high-temperature applications such as hot-melt adhesives and coatings.

4. Low Volatility:
Oxidized PE Wax has low volatility, meaning it doesn't easily evaporate into the air.
This makes Oxidized PE Wax suitable for use in products where low odor and emissions are important, such as food packaging materials.

5. Compatibility:
Oxidized PE Wax is compatible with a wide range of polymers, including polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, and PVC.
This makes Oxidized PE Wax a versatile additive that can be used in various applications.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OXIDIZED PE WAX AND POLYETHYLENE WAX?
PE wax is non-oxidized wax, Oxidized PE Wax is oxidized wax, with a certain acid value, oxidized wax molecular chain with a certain amount of carbonyl and hydroxyl, oxidized polyethylene wax is excellent new polar wax, so the compatibility with fillers, pigments, polar resins is significantly improved, lubricity, dispersion is better than polyethylene wax, but also both coupling properties.

Polyethylene wax has good compatibility with polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene propylene rubber and butyl rubber.
It can improve the fluidity of polyethylene, polypropylene, ABS and the demoulding of polymethyl methacrylate and polycarbonate.
For PVC and other external lubricants, polyethylene wax has stronger internal lubricating effect compared with other external lubricants.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of OXIDIZED PE WAX:
Softening point (°C): 90-110
Density (g/cm3): 0.94-0.96
Acid index (mg KOH/g): 12-15
Acid value: 10 - 13 KOH mg/g 13 - 16
KOH mg/g 4 - 10 KOH mg/g
Softening Point℃: 100-105
ViscosityCPS@140℃: 200-300
Acid Value Mg KOH/g: 15-20
Appearance: White bead
Appearance: white powder with light yellow
Molecular weight: 3,000-4,000



FIRST AID MEASURES of OXIDIZED PE WAX:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of OXIDIZED PE WAX:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of OXIDIZED PE WAX:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of OXIDIZED PE WAX:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of OXIDIZED PE WAX:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of OXIDIZED PE WAX:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

cas no 70693-62-8 Potassium peroxymonosulfate; Potassium Peroxomonosulfate; Potassium monopersulfate triple salt; PotassiumPeroxomonosulfate; Potassium monoperoxysulfate OXONE(R);

MARLOX OP 1 CAS-No.: 68937-66-6

Köpüğün az olması istenilen durumlarda her tür deterjanda kullanılan temizleme özelliği olan noniyonik aktif madde

LAURETH-4; Dehydol LS 2; Penetrant JFC; Syntanol ES 3; Synperonic L 7; Syntanol ALM 8; Tergitol 24L50; Tergitol 24L92; Surfonic L 24-2; Surfonic L 24-3; Surfonic L 24-7 CAS NO:68439-50-9

Oxodecanedioic acid is an organic dicarboxylic acid.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)8(CO2H)2.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered solid.

CAS Number: 111-20-6
EC Number: 203-845-5
Chemical Formula: HOOC(CH₂)₈COOH
Molar Mass: 202.25 g/mol

Oxodecanedioic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula HO2C(CH2)8CO2H.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered solid.

Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum is Latin for tallow, and refers to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a derivative of castor oil.

In the industrial setting, Oxodecanedioic acid and its homologues such as azelaic acid can be used as a monomer for nylon 610, plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as a surfactant in the lubricating oil industry to increase the antirust properties of lubricating oils on metals.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a white granular powder.
Oxodecanedioic acid has Melting point of 153 °F.
Oxodecanedioic acid is Slightly soluble in water.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a white granular powder.
Melting point of Oxodecanedioic acid is 153 °F.

Oxodecanedioic acid is slightly soluble in water.
Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum is Latin for tallow, and refers to Oxodecanedioic acid is use in the manufacture of candles.

Oxodecanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.
Oxodecanedioic acid has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite.

Oxodecanedioic acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to Oxodecanedioic acid is use in the manufacture of candles.
Oxodecanedioic acid sublimes slowly at 750 mmHg when heated to melting point.

Oxodecanedioic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a urinary metabolite that has been identified as an anti-fatigue biomarker.

In Oxodecanedioic acid's purest form, Oxodecanedioic acid is a powdered crystal or white flaky substance.
In Oxodecanedioic acid's pure state Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal.
Oxodecanedioic acid is described as non-hazardous, though in its powdered form Oxodecanedioic acid can be prone to flash ignition (a typical risk in handling fine organic powders).

Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum (tallow) is Latin for tallow, and refers to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Oxodecanedioic acid is white flaky crystals.
Oxodecanedioic acid is slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether.

Oxodecanedioic acid is also the raw material for the production of alkyd resins (used as surface coatings, plasticized nitrocellulose coatings, and urea resin varnishes) and polyurethane rubber, cellulose resins, vinyl resins, and synthetic rubber plasticizers, softeners, and solvents.
Oxodecanedioic acid’s a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid that is non-hazardous, though Oxodecanedioic acid can be vulnerable to flash ignition in its powder form.

One of the most common uses for Oxodecanedioic acid is in the manufacturing of candles.
Oxodecanedioic acid sublimes slowly at 750 mm Hg when heated to melting point.;DryPowder; DryPowder, PelletsLargeCrystals; OtherSolid; PelletsLargeCrystals;Solid;WHITE POWDER WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR.

Oxodecanedioic acid also shows up in the industrial industry, being used as a monomer and intermediate for various products and materials.
Oxodecanedioic acid is white flaky crystal.
Oxodecanedioic acid is slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol and ether.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a derivative of castor oil, with the vast majority of world production occurring in China which annually exports over 20,000 metric tonnes, representing over 90 % of global trade of the product.
Oxodecanedioic acid is produced from castor oil.

Oxodecanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a conjugate acid of a sebacate(2-) and a sebacate.

Oxodecanedioic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Oxodecanedioic acid’s mostly colorless but can be a light shade of yellow.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a normal urinary acid.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a normal urinary acid.

Oxodecanedioic acid is an acid derived from castor oil.
Oxodecanedioic acid is sold in the form of a white, granular powder and sometimes referred to by either of Oxodecanedioic acid is chemical names: 1,8-octanedicarboxylic acid.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition.
Oxodecanedioic acid also has a mild odor to it, though nothing that stands out.

There are two ways that Oxodecanedioic acid can be produced: castor oil and adipic acid.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition.
Oxodecanedioic acid’s far more common for Oxodecanedioic acid to be derived from castor oil, as the process is green and cost effective.

To make the Oxodecanedioic acid, the castor oil is heated to high temperatures with alkali.
Oxodecanedioic acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a white granular powder.

The purity of Oxodecanedioic acid is based on the type of reaction it has.
Generally, modern conversion technology leads to a purer product.
Oxodecanedioic acid's Melting point is 153°F.

Oxodecanedioic acid is slightly soluble in water.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms.

Oxodecanedioic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.

Oxodecanedioic acid is made from castor oil and belongs to the homologous series of dicarboxylic acids.
The best known application of Oxodecanedioic acid is the production of polyamides.

Oxodecanedioic acid, a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC) (CH2)8(COOH), is a naturally occurring chemical derivative of castor oil which has been proven safe in vivo.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a normal urinary acid.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a natural C10 liquid fatty acid, directly produced from castor oil.

Oxodecanedioic acid is found to be associated with carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency and medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a normal urinary acid.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition.

Oxodecanedioic acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Oxodecanedioic acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.

Oxodecanedioic acid has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite.
Oxodecanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a conjugate acid of a sebacate(2-) and a sebacate.
Oxodecanedioic acid derives from a hydride of a decane.

Oxodecanedioic acid acts as a plasticizer, solvent and softener.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered solid.

Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, sebum is Latin for tallow, and refers to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Oxodecanedioic acid is manufactured by splitting of castor oil followed by fusion with caustic.

Oxodecanedioic acid sublimes slowly at 750 mmHg when heated to melting point.
Oxodecanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.

Oxodecanedioic acid is white crystalline powder or granular form slightly dissolves in water, completely dissolves in ethanol or ether but not in benzene.
Oxodecanedioic acid is high end derivative of castor oil and Oxodecanedioic acid is also called "Sebacic Acid".

Oxodecanedioic acid's Melting point is 153 °F.
Oxodecanedioic acid is slightly soluble in water.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a derivative of castor oil.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a white granular powder.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a natural liquid fatty acid, directly produced from castor oil.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a derivative of castor oil.

Oxodecanedioic acid is an organic dicarboxylic acid.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula (CH2)8(CO2H)2.

Oxodecanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.
Oxodecanedioic acid has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite.

Oxodecanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a conjugate acid of a sebacate(2-) and a sebacate.

Oxodecanedioic acid derives from a hydride of a decane.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a saturated, straight-chain naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid with 10 carbon atoms.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a normal urinary acid.

In patients with multiple acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) or glutaric aciduria type II (GAII) are a group of metabolic disorders due to deficiency of either electron transfer flavoprotein or electron transfer flavoprotein ubiquinone oxidoreductase, biochemical data shows an increase in urine Oxodecanedioic acid excretion.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition.

Oxodecanedioic acid was named from the Latin sebaceus (tallow candle) or sebum (tallow) in reference to its use in the manufacture of candles.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid obtained from the dry distillation of castor oil.

Oxodecanedioic acid is derived from castor oil.
Two molecules are needed to obtain a castor Oxodecanedioic acid.
Castor oil is obtained from the fruit seed of castor (Ricinus communis L.) a large shrub that grows mainly in India, Brazil and China.

The seed has an oil content of 40-50%.
Oxodecanedioic acid is solid at room temperature and melts above 130°C.

Oxodecanedioic acid is in the form of white crystalline solid (powder or granules depending of the manufacturer).
Stabilizer in alkyd resins, maleic and other polyesters, polyurethanes, fibers, paints, candles and perfumes, low temperature lubricants and hydraulic fluids.

Oxodecanedioic acid derives from a hydride of a decane.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid which is a derivative of castor oil.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a white flake or powdered crystal slightly soluble in water that has been proposed as an alternative energy substrate in total parenteral nutrition.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC)(CH2)8(COOH), and is naturally occurring.

Uses of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Oxodecanedioic acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.

Oxodecanedioic acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials.
In the industrial setting, Oxodecanedioic acid and its homologues such as azelaic acid can be used in plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.

Oxodecanedioic acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics, and painting materials.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, fuels, lubricants and greases, coating products and fertilisers.

Release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid can occur from industrial use: of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid can occur from industrial use: of substances in closed systems with minimal release.

Oxodecanedioic acid also works as a buffering & neutralizing agent.
Other release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Oxodecanedioic acid is used in skin care, hair care and sun care formulations.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used as a topical emollient.

Oxodecanedioic acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.

Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids and as a complexing agent in greases.

Release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and in the production of articles.
Other release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
Oxodecanedioic acid can be found in products with material based on: plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones) and leather (e.g. gloves, shoes, purses, furniture).

Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the following products: biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, plant protection products, water softeners and water treatment chemicals.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and agriculture, forestry and fishing.

Oxodecanedioic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Other release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, polymers, coating products, lubricants and greases and cosmetics and personal care products.
In the industrial setting, Oxodecanedioic acid and its homologues such as azelaic acid can be used as a monomer for nylon 610, plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.

Oxodecanedioic acid is a urinary metabolite that has been identified as an anti-fatigue biomarker.
Oxodecanedioic acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.

Release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), for thermoplastic manufacture, manufacturing of the substance and formulation in materials.

Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as plasticizers for plastics and cold-resistant rubber, as well as for polyamide, polyurethane, alkyd resin, synthetic lubricating oil, lubricating oil additives, spices, coatings, cosmetics, etc.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, water softeners and polymers.

Oxodecanedioic acid is widely used in the preparation of Oxodecanedioic acid esters, such as dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl sebacate.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

Oxodecanedioic acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Oxodecanedioic acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials.

Oxodecanedioic acid is used as source material for various products.
In addition, Oxodecanedioic acid is used as a crosslinker in the adhesives industry, as a plasticizer in the plastics industry, as a component of lubricants and as an extender in packaging films.

Oxodecanedioic acid is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, plastic products and rubber products.
Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as a synthesis intermediate for sebacates esters which can be used as emollients, masking agent, film forming agent, hair or skin conditioning agent, SPF Booster, etc.

Release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, formulation of mixtures, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid and for thermoplastic manufacture.
Oxodecanedioic acid can also be used as raw material for producing nylon 1010, nylon 910, nylon 810, nylon 610, nylon 9 and high temperature resistant lubricating oil diethylhexyl ester.

Oxodecanedioic acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials.
Release to the environment of Oxodecanedioic acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
In the industrial setting, Oxodecanedioic acid and its homologues such as azelaic acid can be used as a monomer for nylon 610, plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.

Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as a surfactant in the lubricating oil industry to increase the antirust properties of lubricating oils on metals.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, fuels, lubricants and greases, coating products and fertilisers.

Oxodecanedioic acid and its derivatives such as azelaic acid have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, candles, etc.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.

Oxodecanedioic acid is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Oxodecanedioic acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials.

Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, and sebum is Latin for tallow. These terms refer to the use of Oxodecanedioic acid in the manufacturing of candles.
In particular, Oxodecanedioic acid is used as a thickener in lithium complex grease.

In addition, Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as an intermediate in the production of aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials as well as in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.
Oxodecanedioic acid is also used in the synthesis of polyamide, as nylon, and of alkyd resins.

But as stated above, Oxodecanedioic acid has a lot of uses for the industrial setting.
Oxodecanedioic acid's anti-corrosive properties make Oxodecanedioic acid a useful addition to metalworking fluids and antifreeze.

Oxodecanedioic acid is also an additive and thickener for grease and lubricants, as well as an intermediate in paints and other coatings.
When used in a mixture with other dibasic acids Oxodecanedioic acid is especially effective as a ferrous corrosion inhibitor for metalworking fluids, engine coolants, metal cleaners, aqueous hydraulic fluids.

Oxodecanedioic acid can also be used as a complexing agent for lithium complex grease which will increase dropping point and improve mechanical stability.
Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Oxodecanedioic acid is used as a raw material for alkyd and polyester resins, plasticizers, polyester rubbers, and polyamide synthetic fibers.
Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as a monomer for nylon, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, plasticizers and more.

Oxodecanedioic acid can also be used as an intermediate for antiseptics, aromatics and painting products.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used in the synthesis of polyamide and alkyd resins.

Oxodecanedioic acid is also used as an intermediate for aromatics, antiseptics and painting materials.
Oxodecanedioic acid is used as a stabilizer in alkyd resins, maleic and other polyesters, polyurethanes, and fibers.

Oxodecanedioic acid is also used in paint products, candles, perfumes, low temperature lubricants, and hydraulic fluids, and to make nylon.
Oxodecanedioic acid is largely used in the manufacturing process of Nylon 6-10.

An isomer, isoOxodecanedioic acid, has several applications in the manufacture of vinyl resin plasticizers, extrusion plastics, adhesives, ester lubricants, polyesters, polyurethane resins and synthetic rubber.
Oxodecanedioic acid can also be found in plasticizers, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, and candle manufacturing.

In cosmetics, Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as a buffering ingredient for pH adjustment or a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of various esters.
DoOxodecanedioic acid is mainly used in top-grade powder coatings and paint, adhesives, pulp & paper, chemical and industrial facilities, surfactants, antiseptics.

In combination with Amine, Oxodecanedioic acid is used to produce engineering plastics polyamide resins wich is a high performance nylon 6-12, adhesives, diester synthetic lubricants, fibers, curatives, plasticizers, polyester coatings, epoxy resins.
Due to Oxodecanedioic acid's smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.

Oxodecanedioic acid was historically used in candle-making and today has many functions in manufacturing and industrial processing.
Some of the principal uses of Oxodecanedioic acid include acting as an intermediate in nylon, synthetic resins and other plastics.
Oxodecanedioic acid and its derivatives, as azelaic acid, have a variety of industrial uses as plasticizers, lubricants, diffusion pump oils, cosmetics, candles, etc.

Lubricants, Plastics and Greases use:
The fatty acids in castor oil give Oxodecanedioic acid excellent lubricating properties.
You can choose either traditional castor oil or Jamaican black castor oil as a lubricant in metal drawing and other industrial processes.

Such as:
Plasticizers
Lubricants
Hydraulic Fluids
Cosmetics
Candles
Buffering
pH Regulating Agent
pH Adjuster
Adhesives & Sealants
Paints & Coatings
Personal Care Products

Metalworking Fluids uses:
Due to Oxodecanedioic acid's smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.

Such as:
Polymers
Plasticizers
Lubricants
Corrosion inhibitors

Oxodecanedioic acid has been used in the synthesis of:
biodegradable and elastomeric polyesters [poly(glycerol sebacate)]
novel bio-nylon, PA5.10
novel temperature-response hydrogel based on poly(ether-ester anhydride) nanoparticle for drug-delivery applications

Common Uses for Oxodecanedioic acid:
Sebaceus is Latin for tallow candle, and sebum is Latin for tallow.
These terms refer to the use of Oxodecanedioic acid in the manufacturing of candles.
But as stated above, Oxodecanedioic acid has a lot of uses for the industrial setting.

Oxodecanedioic acid can be used as a monomer for nylon, lubricants, hydraulic fluids, cosmetics, plasticizers and more.
Oxodecanedioic acid can also be used as an intermediate for antiseptics, aromatics and painting products.

Applications of Oxodecanedioic acid:

Major Applications:
Our Oxodecanedioic acid offers a competitve solution in many applications:

To produce polymers:
In industry: to produce plasticizers, lubricants, and corrosion retardants
In cosmetics: as buffering ingredient or as a chemical intermediate to produce a wide range of esters

Cosmetic applications:
Our Oxodecanedioic acid can be used directly in cosmetics formulation as a pH corrector (buffering).
In this case, the main applications are skin care (mainly face/neck care), and color cosmetics.
The Oxodecanedioic acid is also widely used as a synthesis intermediate to produce sebacates esters such as DIPS or DIS (diisopropyl sebacate), DOS (diethylhexyl sebacate), DES (diethyl sebacate) and DBS (dibutyl sebacate).

These sebacate are used as: emollient, solvent, plasticizer, masking (reducing or inhibiting the basic odour of the product), film forming, hair or skin conditioning.
Generally, sebacate esters are claimed to enable a good penetration, give a non-oily and silky skin feel.
These esters are also recognized to be good pigment dispersant (DOS), be good sun protection factor (SPF) booster (DIPS blended), and prevent whitening in antiperspirant (DIPS).

Plasticizers applications:
The Oxodecanedioic acid (DC 10), is widely used to produce a various range of plastics, and brings to those plastics a bio-based part

Case, Metalworking Fluids and Plastics:
Due to Oxodecanedioic acid's smoothing and conditioning properties, Jamaican black castor oil is ideal for use in products like cleansers, moisturizers, and ethnic hair care products.

Lubricants and Greases:
The fatty acids in castor oil give Oxodecanedioic acid excellent lubricating properties.
You can choose either traditional castor oil or Jamaican black castor oil as a lubricant in metal drawing and other industrial processes.

Characteristics of Oxodecanedioic acid:

Acme-Hardesty Oxodecanedioic acid is refined to a minimum 99.5-percent purity.
Oxodecanedioic acid has a minimum acid value of 550, a maximum ash content of 0.03 percent and a maximum moisture level of 0.20 percent.

Oxodecanedioic acid's melting point is between 131.0 and 134.5°C.
Some of the principal uses of Oxodecanedioic acid include acting as an intermediate in nylon, synthetic resins and other plastics.

Oxodecanedioic acid's anti-corrosive properties make it a useful addition to metalworking fluids and antifreezes.
Oxodecanedioic acid is also an additive and thickener for grease and lubricants, as well as an intermediate in paints and other coatings.

Benefits of Oxodecanedioic acid:
In cosmetic products, Oxodecanedioic acid can act as a pH corrector.
In plastics, Oxodecanedioic acid can be used to provide better flexibility and lower melting temperature.

For lubricants and anti-corrosion applications, Oxodecanedioic acid is used to produce a salt derivative that can be used as a coolant for aircraft, automotive and truck engines.

Here are the attributes that make Oxodecanedioic acid as flexible as it is.
Excellent lubricity
Low temperature fluidity
Higher thermal stability
High flash points
Low pour points

Key Benefits:
In cosmetic products, Oxodecanedioic acid can act as a pH corrector.
In plastics, Oxodecanedioic acid can be used to provide better flexibility and lower melting temperature.
For lubricants and anti-corrosion applications, Oxodecanedioic acid is used to produce a salt derivative that can be used as a coolant for aircraft, automotive and truck engines.

The attributes that make Oxodecanedioic acid as flexible as it is:
Excellent lubricity
Low temperature fluidity
Higher thermal stability
High flash points
Low pour points

Alternative Parents of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Dicarboxylic acids and derivatives
Carboxylic acids
Organic oxides
Hydrocarbon derivatives
Carbonyl compounds

Substituents of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Medium-chain fatty acid
Dicarboxylic acid or derivatives
Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acid derivative
Organic oxygen compound
Organic oxide
Hydrocarbon derivative
Organooxygen compound
Carbonyl group
Aliphatic acyclic compound

Compound Type of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Animal Toxin
Cosmetic Toxin
Food Toxin
Industrial/Workplace Toxin
Metabolite
Natural Compound
Organic Compound
Plasticizer

Preparation of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Oxodecanedioic acid is normally made from castor oil, which is essentially glycerol triricinoleate.
The castor oil is heated with sodium hydroxide at about 250°e.

This treatment results in saponification of the castor oil to ricinoleic acid which is then cleaved to give 2-octanol and Oxodecanedioic acid:
This process results in low yields of Oxodecanedioic acid (about 50% based on the castor oil) but, nevertheless, other routes have not proved competitive.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a colourless crystalline solid, m.p. 134℃.

The Main Method of Preparation:
(1) Castor oil is as raw material, ricinoleate is separated from castor oil, with the condition of inflating and 280~300℃, caustic soda proceeds alkali fusion and the reaction is heated for 10h, sebum acid sodium salt can obtain, deputy product is 2-octanol.
The sodium salt is dissolved in water, adding sulfuric acid to neutralize, after bleaching, the solution is cooled to precipitate sebum acid, Oxodecanedioic acid is washed with cold water, and finally recrystallized.

CH3 (CH2) 5CH (OH) CH2CH = CH (CH2) 7COOH +
2NaOH → CH3 (CH2) 5CH (OH) CH3 + NaOOC (CH2) 8COONa + H2
NaOOC (CH2) 3COONa + H2SO4 → HOOC (CH2) 8COOH + Na2SO4

(2) Adipic acid (hexane diacid) is as raw material to synthesize.
Adipic acid and methanol can proceed esterification reaction to form dimethyl adipate, ion exchange membrane proceeds electrolytic oxidation to get dimer, i.e., dimethyl sebacate, and then reacts with sodium hydroxide to form the disodium salt, hydrochloric acid (or sulfuric acid) is used to neutralize and Oxodecanedioic acid can obtain.

Production of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Oxodecanedioic acid is produced from castor oil by cleavage of ricinoleic acid, which is obtained from castor oil.
Octanol & glycerin is a byproduct.
Oxodecanedioic acid can also be obtained from decalin via the tertiary hydroperoxide, which gives cyclodecenone, a precursor to Oxodecanedioic acid.

Oxodecanedioic acid is produced from castor oil by cleavage of ricinoleic acid, which is obtained from castor oil.
Octanol & glycerin is a byproduct.

Oxodecanedioic acid can also be obtained from decalin via the tertiary hydroperoxide, which gives cyclodecenone, a precursor to Oxodecanedioic acid.
Almost all of the current industrial production of Oxodecanedioic acid is using castor oil as raw material.

Castor oil cracking method:
Castor oil is heated under the action of alkali hydrolysis to generate ricinoleic acid sodium soap, and then add sulfuric acid to generate ricinoleic acid; in the presence of diluent cresol, add alkali heated to 260-280 ℃ for cracking to generate Oxodecanedioic acid double sodium salt and secoctanol and hydrogen, cracked material diluted by water, heated and neutralized with acid, the double sodium salt into a monosodium salt; and then boiled with acid after decolorization of activated carbon neutralization solution.
The monosodium salt of Oxodecanedioic acid is turned into Oxodecanedioic acid crystals, and then separated and dried to obtain the finished product.

Potential Medical Significance of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Sebum is a secretion by skin sebaceous glands.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a waxy set of lipids composed of triglycerides (≈41%), wax esters (≈26%), squalene (≈12%), and free fatty acids (≈16%).[4][5]

Included in the free fatty acid secretions in sebum are polyunsaturated fatty acids and Oxodecanedioic acid.
Oxodecanedioic acid is also found in other lipids that coat the skin surface.
Human neutrophils can convert Oxodecanedioic acid to its 5-oxo analog, i.e., 5-oxo-6E,8Z-octadecenoic acid, a structural analog of 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid and like this oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid is an exceptionally potent activator of eosinophils, monocytes, and other pro-inflammatory cells from humans and other species.

This action is mediated by the OXER1 receptor on these cells.
Oxodecanedioic acid is suggested that Oxodecanedioic acid is converted to its 5-oxo analog during, and thereby stimulates pro-inflammatory cells to contribute to the worsening of, various inflammatory skin conditions.

Purification Methods of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Purify Oxodecanedioic acid via the disodium salt which, after crystallisation from boiling water (charcoal), is again converted to the free acid.
The free acid is crystallised repeatedly from hot distilled water or from Me2CO/pet ether and dried under vacuum.

Properties of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Oxodecanedioic acid has high purity.
Oxodecanedioic acid is 100% of vegetal origin.

Oxodecanedioic acid has linear chain.
Oxodecanedioic acid has granules or powder forms.

Oxodecanedioic acid has high reactivity to produce a wide range of esters.
Oxodecanedioic acid Sublimes slowly at 750 mmHg when heated to melting point.

Oxodecanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid that is the 1,8-dicarboxy derivative of octane.
Oxodecanedioic acid has a role as a human metabolite and a plant metabolite.

Oxodecanedioic acid is an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid and a dicarboxylic fatty acid.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a conjugate acid of a sebacate(2-) and a sebacate.

Oxodecanedioic acid derives from a hydride of a decane.
Oxodecanedioic acid is a natural product found in Isatis tinctoria, Euglena gracilis, and other organisms with data available.

Handling and Storage of Oxodecanedioic acid:

Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.

Storage class (TRGS 510):
8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Stability and Reactivity of Oxodecanedioic acid:

Reactivity:
Oxodecanedioic acid reacts exothermically to neutralize bases, both organic and inorganic.
Oxodecanedioic acid may react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

Oxodecanedioic acidan reacts with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions are slow in the dry, but systems may absorb enough water from the air to allow corrosion of iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Reacts slowly with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Reacts with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.

Incompatible materials:

Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:

Waste treatment methods:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.

Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

First Aid Measures of Oxodecanedioic acid:

General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.

In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures of Oxodecanedioic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Accidental release measures of Oxodecanedioic acid:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protection of Oxodecanedioic acid:

Control parameters:

Components with workplace control parameters:

Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.

Exposure controls:

Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.

Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested: Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested: Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)

Oxodecanedioic acid should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.

Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).

Control of environmental exposure:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Identifiers of Oxodecanedioic acid:
CAS number, 111-20-6
EC number, 203-845-5
Hill Formula, C₁₀H₁₈O₄
Chemical formula, HOOC(CH₂)₈COOH
Molar Mass, 202.25 g/mol
HS Code, 2917 13 10
Boiling point, 295 °C (133 hPa)
Density, 1.210 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point, 133 - 137 °C
Vapor pressure, 1 hPa (183 °C)
Bulk density, 600 - 620 kg/m3
Solubility, 1 g/l
Assay (GC, area%), ≥ 98.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value), ≥ 131 °C
Melting range (upper value), ≤ 134 °C
Identity (IR), passes test

PSA: 74.60000
XLogP3: 2.1
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.231 g/cm3
Melting Point: 130.8 °C
Boiling Point: 294.5 °C
Flash Point: 220 °C
Refractive Index: 1.422
Water Solubility:
Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.1 (poor)
Storage Conditions:
Storage Room low temperature ventilation drying
Vapor Pressure: 1.24E-06mmHg at 25°C

Properties of Oxodecanedioic acid:
XLogP3: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Exact Mass: 202.12050905 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 202.12050905 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Complexity: 157
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Molecular Weight: 202.25 g/mol
Chemical formula, C10H18O4
Molar mass, 202.250 g•mol−1
Density, 1.209 g/cm3
Melting point, 131 to 134.5 °C (267.8 to 274.1 °F; 404.1 to 407.6 K)
Boiling point, 294.4 °C (561.9 °F; 567.5 K) at 100 mmHg
Solubility in water, 0.25 g/L
Acidity (pKa), 4.720, 5.450

Melting Point, 131°C to 134°C
Density, 1.271
Boiling Point, 295°C (100mmHg)
Flash Point, 220°C (428°F)
Linear Formula, HO2C(CH2)8CO2H
Quantity, 100 g
Beilstein, 1210591
Merck Index, 14,8415
Solubility Information, Slightly soluble in water.
Formula Weight, 202.25
Percent Purity, ≥98%
Chemical Name or Material: Oxodecanedioic acid

Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 374.3±0.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 133-137 °C(lit.)
Molecular Formula: C10H18O4
Molecular Weight: 202.247
Flash Point: 198.3±19.7 °C
Exact Mass: 202.120514
PSA: 74.60000
LogP: 1.86
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±1.8 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.475
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents.
Water Solubility: 1 g/L (20 ºC)