MALTODEXTRIN, N° CAS : 9050-36-6 - Maltodextrine, Origine(s) : Végétale. Autres langues : Maltodestrina, Maltodextrina. Nom INCI : MALTODEXTRIN. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-940-4. La maltodextrine est un sucre obtenu par l'hydrolyse de l'amidon de maïs, de l'amidon de riz ou de fécule de pomme de terre. Elle le plus souvent utilisée en alimentaire, pour apporter des suppléments en glucide aux aliments. On en trouve dans les boissons énergisantes dédiées les athlètes. En cosmétique, elle est utilisée comme stabilisateur de formule ou encore comme agent filmogène. Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent Absorbant : Absorbe l'eau (ou l'huile) sous forme dissoute ou en fines particules Agent fixant : Permet la cohésion de différents ingrédients cosmétiques Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion Agent filmogène : Produit un film continu sur la peau, les cheveux ou les ongles Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

malus domestica fruit water; aqueous solution of the steam distillates derived from the fruit of malus domestica; malus pumila fruit water; apple fruit water CAS NO:89957-48-2

SYNONYM :3-Aminophenol , 3-Amino-1-hydroxybenzene m-hydroxyaminobenzene 3-Hydroxyaniline m-hydroxyphenylamine M-Aminophenol m-amino phenol Meta Aminophenol Aminophenol, 3- cas :591-27-5

MANDARIN OIL ; oil expressed from the peel of the mandarin, citrus nobilis, rutaceae; oil mandarin rectified; mandarin red oil organic ; mandarin oil green; mandarin deco CAS NO:8008-31-9

MANDELIC ACID = 2-HYDROXY-2-PHENYLACETIC ACID = PHENYLGLYCOLIC ACID


CAS Number: 90-64-2
EC Number: 202-007-6
MDL Number: MFCD00064250
Chemical formula: C8H8O3


Mandelic acid is chiral.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is even aptly named after the German word for almond: mandel, board-certified dermatologist Adeline Kikam, DO, tells Allure.
Among its fellow AHAs, like glycolic and lactic acids, mandelic acid has one of the largest particle sizes, allowing it to absorb into skin more "slowly, uniformly, and superficially,".


Mandelic acid also stays on the surface of skin longer.
Mandelic acid is also one of the best acid selections for those with darker complexions because Mandelic acid isn't melanotoxic.
In other words, Mandelic acid doesn't kill melanocytes and won't exacerbate discoloration.
Instead, Mandelic acid will decrease the appearance of dark spots due to acne, sun exposure, or otherwise in all the right ways


Mandelic acid peels are considered well-tolerated in patients of color with less risk of hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, and scarring compared to other AHAs, like glycolic acid.
Despite Mandelic acid's larger particle size, mandelic acid also delves deeper into skin than other AHAs because it's oil-soluble.
Mandelic acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid with the molecular formula C6H5CH(OH)CO2H.


Mandelic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
Mandelic acid is one of beneficial ingredients.
While there's not a lot of research on this alpha hydroxy acid (AHA), Mandelic acid is thought to be gentle on the skin and may help with acne, skin texture, hyperpigmentation, and the effects of aging.


Mandelic acid is derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is an AHA that's been mostly studied for use with acne.
Other types of AHAs found in skin care lines include glycolic acid and citric acid.


Mandelic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid in which two of the methyl hydrogens are substituted by phenyl and hydroxyl groups.
Mandelic acid has a role as an antibacterial agent and a human xenobiotic metabolite.
Mandelic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid and a member of benzenes.


Mandelic acid is functionally related to an acetic acid.
Mandelic acid is a conjugate acid of a mandelate.
Mandelic acid is an approved aromatic, alpha hydroxy acid.


Mandelic acid is an aromatic AHA with the molecular formula C8H8O3.
Mandelic acid is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and most common organic solvents.
Mandelic acid can be combined with SA for the treatment of acne vulgaris.


Naturally derived from bitter almonds, Mandelic Acid is a gentler alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that targets acne, age spots, discoloration and wrinkles without the typical irritation that can trigger post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation especially in darker skin tones.
Mandelic acid undergoes resolution to form (+)- and (-)-enantiomers that are widely used as chiral resolving agents in enantioseparation of various other racemates via salt formation.


Mandelic acid is also known as amygdalic acid
An alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that can exfoliate skin.
Generally more tolerable for those with sensitive skin.
Must be in opaque packaging to maintain Mandelic acid's effectiveness.


Mandelic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
There’s some research showing mandelic acid is an effective exfoliant, although it’s not as effective as glycolic acid due to its larger size (it’s twice as big as glycolic acid) and slower penetration into skin.
These traits can also make mandelic acid more tolerable for those with sensitive skin.
Unlike glycolic acid, mandelic acid is light-sensitive and must be packaged in an opaque container to remain effective.


Mandelic acid may be synthetic or derived from almonds.
Like other AHAs, mandelic acid is most effective in leave-on products that are within a 3-4 pH range.
Mandelic acid and salicylic acid worked well together in a higher-strength peel for use on darker skin tones struggling with discolorations, including post-acne marks.
Mandelic acid can increase sebum (oil) production, which isn’t great for oily skin but would be a benefit for dry skin.


Mandelic acid is a superficial chemical peel that typically has comparatively fewer side effects and less downtime than other chemical peels and can be both safe and effective for several skin conditions.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) derived from bitter almonds, but is more gentle than some of the other AHAs like glycolic acid and lactic acid.


AHAs work by exfoliating the layers of dead skin away by breaking the bonds between cells to reveal brighter, clearer skin as well as help to clear pores and create a more even tone.
Mandelic acid has a unique chemical structure, which results in a more uniform penetration through lipid-rich areas of the skin.
The desired effects of mandelic acid tend to be subtler than those of glycolic acid chemical peels.


Mandelic acid chemical peels are easier to recover from — and their side effects tend to be less pronounced — than their glycolic acid counterparts.
Additionally, mandelic acid chemical peels are just as useful for treating acne as salicylic acid chemical peels while being much less likely to cause side effects.
A salicylic-mandelic acid-based peel showed significant improvements in acne lesions.


Along with other acid-based chemical peels, mandelic acid chemical peels do not penetrate very deeply into the skin to achieve their effects.
Chemical peels of this variety are known as superficial peels.
Mandelic acid has a larger molecular structure than other acids, such as glycolic and salicylic, so it does not penetrate as deeply.
Mandelic acid is not some new, top-secret ingredient we've never heard before.


Mandelic acid is another form of an ingredient we've come to know and love for our skin.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
AHAs are good for the skin, as they work to loosen connections between impacted surface skin cells (called desmosomes) to allow the cells to shed naturally leading to a fresher, brighter complexion.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid derived from almonds.


All AHAs function to exfoliate the skin (and increase sun sensitivity, so sunscreen is a key part of using any AHA regimen).
Mandelic acid is usually found in combination with other products, and functions to improve skin texture via exfoliation.
Mandelic acid's molecular structure is what makes it so unique.
Larger in molecular weight compared to glycolic acid (another type of AHA) so Mandelic acid may be gentler on skin as it penetrates more slowly.


Mandelic acid belongs to a group of alpha hydroxyl acids (AHA). It has exfoliating, antibacterial and anti-aging effects.
Works to accelerate cell turnover for a youthful complexion.
Mandelic acid has a higher molecular mass in comparison to glycolic acid, Mandelic acid has considerably milder effect and is safe.


Mandelic acid does not make the skin sensitive to sun.
Mandelic is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
Although originally derived from amygdalin, an extract from almonds, most mandelic acid today is synthetically produced.


Because of Mandelic acid's larger molecular structure relative to other AHAs like glycolic acid, mandelic acid is known to have slower penetration into the skin, which in part moderates its irritation potential to the skin.
By implication, the speed of action from a mandelic acid application may be slower or more gradual than some other AHA acids, and its use may be more appropriate for sensitive skin applications.


Mandelic acid is naturally derived from bitter almonds, and it works by gently exfoliating the skin.
Mandelic acid loosens the bonds that hold dead cells on the surface of the skin allowing, them to shed more effectively.
What sets mandelic acid apart from its AHA cousins is the size of its molecules.
Mandelic acid's molecules are larger than any of the other alpha hydroxy acids used in skincare.


Mandelic acid's molecules are twice the size compared to glycolic acid.
Mandelic acid's larger molecules penetrate the skin much more slowly than smaller molecule counterparts.
This slow absorption means Mandelic acid is much more gentle and much less likely to cause skin irritation.
Just because mandelic acid is slow-absorbing doesn't mean that you'll feel Mandelic acid "sitting" on your skin.


It just means Mandelic acid will penetrate the skin's layers at a much slower pace than glycolic acid will, for instance.
The slow absorption is all happening at the molecular level.
The biggest benefit of mandelic acid is Mandelic acid's gentle nature.
Other AHAs and topical retinoids may work faster, and generally be more effective, but not all skin types can handle these products.


For more sensitive skin types, mandelic acid is a very good option.
Derived from the bitter almond, Mandelic acid is a gentle yet highly effective alpha hydroxy acid (AHA).
Mandelic Acid is an alpha hydroxy acid, or AHA, derived from bitter almonds but Mandelic acid is more gentle than some other AHAs like Lactic and

Glycolic because its molecules are much bigger, meaning they don’t penetrate the skin quite as quickly or as deeply.
AHAs work by exfoliating the layers of dead skin away by breaking the bonds between cells to reveal a clearer and brighter complexion while improving the skin’s overall tone and texture.


If you’re new to acids and don’t want to deal with any flakiness, redness or irritation, then Mandelic Acid is a great one to start with.
Mandelic Acid is an Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA found naturally in almonds).
Mandelic acid is more oil soluble compared with most AHAs so it’s ideal for oily, acne-prone skin.
Mandelic acid is an AHA that comes from bitter almond


An optically active crystalline hydroxy acid C8H8O3 that is obtainable in the levorotatory D-form from amygdalin by hydrolysis but is usually made in the racemic form by reaction of benzaldehyde with hydrocyanic acid and then hydrochloric acid and that is used chiefly in the form of its salts as a bacteriostatic agent for genitourinary tract infections.
Mandelic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that’s derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is a powerful ingredient which can help to supercharge your skincare routine when it needs a boost.
Like other types of AHAs Mandelic acid works by exfoliating the skin.


Mandelic acid is gentler compared to glycolic acid because its molecule size is twice as big, so Mandelic acid takes longer to penetrate the skin.
Finally, like all acids, mandelic has the tendency to make skin sensitive to UVA rays, so wearing an SPF during the day is non-negotiable if you want to keep hold of your glow.
Mandelic acid also especially good for those with darker skintones who are genetically prone to pigmentation and melasma.
Mandelic acid works really well when paired with vitamin C.


Encapsulated retinaldehyde are also a good match, along with peptides and antioxidants.
Mandelic acid belongs to the alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) family.
Extracted from bitter almonds, this naturally derived acid has been shown to improve all skin types from oily and acne prone to mature, sensitive and everything in between.
Best known for its exfoliation capability, mandelic acid is gentler than its fellow AHAs, glycolic and lactic acids.


Mandelic acid is soluble which allows it to not only exfoliate the surface of your skin but work deeper down on your pores as well.
The molecular weight of mandelic acid is 152.1 daltons which is larger than other alpha hydroxy acids (glycolic acid is 76.0 daltons, for example).
This larger size allows mandelic acid to penetrate the skin more slowly which in turn makes it very gentle and suitable for all skin types including the most sensitive skin.


You don't need a concentration of more than 10%, because then you would simply be achieving an indirect peeling strength that is more easily offered through lower percentages of glycolic acid.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxyl acid derived from bitter almonds but is less irritating to the skin compared to Glycolic acid.
Mandelic acid has a larger molecular weight that sits on the surface of the skin and gently exfoliates without irritating the skin.


Mandelic acid helps to exfoliate dead skin cells and promotes skin cell turnover, lightens blemishes and dark spots, fights skin ageing and results in brighter, even-toned and healthier, radiant skin.
Additional key ingredients like Panthenol, Centella Asiatica Extract and Beta-Glucan soothes and moisturizes the skin even after exfoliation.


Mandelic Acid is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid derived from bitter almonds.
This gentle exfoliant is rich in antioxidants and has antibacterial properties.
Mandelic Acid helps even out textured skin from hyperpigmentation, and fights against free-radical damage.
Mandelic acid is a powerful ally and the best acid for acne.


Mandelic Acid works wonderfully bringing peace to problematic skin.
This alpha-hydroxy-acid, Mandelic Acid, is a larger molecule than its close relative, glycolic acid.
Due to the larger molecule size, Mandelic Acid is drastically less irritative to the skin.
Mandelic acid is a lipophilic alpha hydroxyacid (AHA) with known antibacterial properties.


Mandelic acid is an increasingly popular alpha hydroxy acid derived from the hydrolysis of an extract of bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is naturally derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used to exfoliate the skin.
Mandelic acid designed to treat acne, hyperpigmentation, and fight the signs of ageing.


If you’re a newbie to the world of exfoliants Mandelic acid’s probably the best one to try first since it is the most gentle of all the alpha-hydroxy acids.
The biggest benefit of mandelic acid is its gentle nature.
Other AHAs and topical Retinoids may work faster but not all skin types and skin conditions can handle these products.
Remember that in order to achieve great results you need to be consistent with your skin care routine and most of all patience.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MANDELIC ACID:
Mandelic acid has a long history of use in the medical community as an antibacterial, particularly in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Mandelic acid has also been used as an oral antibiotic, and as a component of chemical face peels analogous to other alpha hydroxy acids.
The drugs cyclandelate and homatropine are esters of mandelic acid.
Mandelic Acid is a versatile AHA that targets visible redness, blemishes, uneven skin tone and fine lines & wrinkles.


AHAs are natural and synthetic ingredients that provide skin care benefits ranging from exfoliation to increasing hydration and firmness.
Mandelic acid has a long history of use in the medical community as an antibacterial agent, particularly in the treatment of urinary tract infections.
Mandelic acid has also been used as an oral antibiotic.
Lately, mandelic acid has gained popularity as a topical skin care treatment for adult acne.


Mandelic acid is also used as an alternative to glycolic acid in skin care products.
Mandelic acid is a larger molecule than glycolic acid, which makes it better tolerated on the skin.
Mandelic acid is also advantageous in that it possesses antibacterial properties, whereas glycolic acid does not.
Mandelic acid is used as a skin care modality.


Dermatologists now suggest mandelic acid as an appropriate treatment for a wide variety of skin pathologies, from acne to wrinkles.
Mandelic acid is especially good in the treatment of adult acne because Mandelic acid addresses both of these concerns.
Mandelic acid is also recommended as a prelaser and postlaser resurfacing treatment, reducing the amount and length of irritation.
Mandelic acid peels are commercialized nowadays as gels with a specific viscosity, which make them user friendly for beginners.


Mandelic acid is a large-molecule alpha-hydroxy acid with slow epidermal penetration.
Similar to the other alpha-hydroxy acids described, Mandelic acid decreases corneocyte adhesion and is keratolytic.
Aside from acne treatment,Mandelic acid is often used for skin rejuvenation and lightening.
Mandelic acid is used as an ingredient in cosmetics and drug products applied topically.


Mandelic Acid is an aromatic alpha hydroxy acid used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and as an oral antibiotic.
Mandelic acid is a useful precursor to various drugs.
Vivant’s synergistic formulations feature Mandelic Acid in a range of transformative products for dramatic difference.
Mandelic acid can assist with brightening the skin, lightening melasma, and fading dark spots.


Mandelic acid should be applied as part of your nighttime skincare routine, after cleansing and before moisturizing.
Mandelic acid is beneficial for those with oily skin, as it helps to control excess sebum production.
Because of its smaller molecular size (compared to other chemical exfoliants), mandelic acid does not absorb as deeply and is, therefore, more suited for sensitive skin types.


There is evidence to suggest mandelic acid peels are effective and safe to treat skin conditions, such as acne.
Mandelic acid is an acidic chemical that has become popular for its use in skin cosmetics.
Mandelic acid chemical peels are common forms of single-ingredient chemical peels, alongside glycolic acid, glycolic acid, and lactic acid chemical peels.


The goal of Mandelic acid is to remove a predictable, uniform thickness of damaged skin.
A chemical peel can help with: inflammatory and noninflammatory acne lesions, scarring, rosacea, wrinkles.
Mandelic acid can be helpful for some people with skin conditions.
Mandelic acid can increase skin firmness and elasticity.


Mandelic acid chemical peels may be useful for: dyspigmentation — an abnormality in the skin pigment; skin redness — erythema
oily skin or excess sebum.
Best for oily, normal, dry, or combination skin types, this product works to balance excess oil, refine pores, and even tone and texture and can be used both morning and night.


If you have super-sensitive skin, a mandelic peel might be the best option for you.
Mandelic acid has shown some benefits for brightening the skin as well, so it can help support a regimen to clear photo damage.
Mandelic acid is generally used as a pharmaceutical component due to its analgesic, antirheumatic, and spasmolytic effects.
Mandelic acid is an exfoliant, antimicrobial/antibacterial


Used in Agriculture & Animal Care, CASE - Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants & Elastomers, Chemical & Materials Manufacturing, Food & Beverage, Personal Care & Pharmaceutical, Surface Treatment - Fluids, Lubricants & Metalworking
Mandelic acid can gently lift off dead surface skin cells and make the skin more smooth and even
Mandelic acid has antibacterial properties


Mandelic acid is promising against acne and post inflammatory hyperpigmentation
Mandelic acid is antimicrobial, regulates sebum production to help prevent breakouts, clears pores, exfoliates, and stimulates cell turnover.
Mandelic acid is used to treat hyperpigmentation and melasma.
Mandelic acid works by breaking up discoloration produced by sun exposure, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), and hormones.


As an exfoliant, Mandelic Acid helps diminish fine lines and wrinkles, reducing the visible effects of photoaging and improving skin texture.
Because of its larger molecule size, Mandelic Acid penetrates the epidermis more gently, making it an ideal AHA for sensitive skin types.
Mandelic Acid is used on people with excess sebum due to its oil targeting properties, making it beneficial in the treatment of oily skin and acne-prone skin.


Mandelic Acid is ideal for oily and acne-prone skin.
Mandelic acid is also naturally anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and suppresses overactive melanin production.
Mandelic Acid is also amazing for aging concerns, as it speeds up cell turnover.
In turn, this process brings young skin cells to the surface faster.


Mandelic acid increases collagen production in the skin, leading to plumper, healthier skin.
Mandelic acid accelerates the biological process of peeling the skin and helps control skin care concerns.
The molecular structure of Mandelic acid is larger than alternative alpha hydroxy acids such as glycolic acid, meaning it takes longer to penetrate into the skin’s surface and is much less irritating.


The notable difference between Glycolic acid and Mandelic acid based products is the lack of skin irritation and erythema that often accompany skin treatments with Mandelic acid.
This is one of many positive differences between the two different forms of acid, making Mandelic acid a safer medium to work with both professionally and when recommended for at home use.
Mandelic acid is a medicinally important chiral molecule that is widely used as a vital component in antibiotics, antiseptics and cosmetics.


Mandelic acid has been studied extensively for its uses in treating common skin problems such as photo-ageing, irregular pigmentation and acne.
Mandelic acid is a fruit acid that exfoliates the skin and removes dead skin cells.
Mandelic acid is also antimicrobial, meaning it inhibits the growth of bacteria on your skin, which helps prevent acne.
Mandelic acid is often used as an alternative to salicylic acid because it can be less irritating to the skin and more effective at treating blemishes.


Mandelic acid works by dissolving the “glue” that holds dead skin cells together.
This allows them to shed more easily, which means that your face will feel smoother after treatment.
Mandelic acid also helps to stimulate collagen production, which results in younger-looking skin over time.
Mandelic acid is safely used by a wide range of skin types.


-Acne:
Mandelic Acid is antibacterial and this means it’s perfect for treating existing acne and preventing future breakouts.
Because it’s also oil-soluble, Mandelic acid penetrates the skin’s surface to help regulate sebum production and keeps the pores free of dead skin cells that can all lead to breakouts and excess oil.


-Wrinkles and fine lines:
This multitasking ingredient works to accelerate cell turnover by dissolving the bonds that hold the cells together, helping to slough away dead skin on the surface that can lead to dullness and premature signs of ageing.
Mandelic acid also works hard to boost the production of collagen and elastin, the two ingredients which naturally occur in the skin and are responsible for keeping it smooth and plump.


-Pigmentation:
Breakouts can leave behind dark marks and scars that can be tricky to get rid of but, fortunately, Mandelic Acid is a key player when it comes to discoloration and pigmentation.
Mandelic acid is so effective at doing this that it’s often found in professional chemical peels.
Mandelic acid works by dissolving the dead skin cells at the surface to fade the appearance of marks until they completely disappear.
Mandelic acid can also reduce the severity of melasma, resulting in a clear, more even complexion.


-Dullness:
Dead skin accumulates over time and clogs the pores causing the skin to look dull and lacklustre.
Because of its ability to dissolve these dead cells, Mandelic Acid will leave your skin looking brighter, more radiant and even when used regularly.


-Acne:
Skin oils, bacteria, dead skin cells, and inflammation can trigger acne.
Using skin care products containing mandelic acid help regulate sebum production, unclog pores, and reduce inflammation.
This can result in fewer acne breakouts.
A chemical peel with 45 percent mandelic acid was equally effective as a chemical peel with 30 percent salicylic acid in mild to moderate acne.
Mandelic acid may have an edge over salicylic acid when treating inflammatory acne (papules and pustules), and mandelic acid may also have fewer adverse effects.


-Skin texture::
The exfoliating action of mandelic acid removes dead skin cells, which may leave your skin firmer and smoother.


-Hyperpigmentation:
Mandelic acid may also have some lightening properties for dark spots, such as those seen in melasma.
Mandelic acid may reduce hyperpigmentation in melasma by as much as 50 percent in about 4 weeks.


-Wrinkles and fine lines:
Chemical peels with mandelic acid may help stimulate collagen production, which tends to decrease with age.
This can help soften the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines, resulting in a more vibrant, youthful appearance.



GENTLE ENOUGH FOR EVERYDAY USE, MANDELIC ACID:
*Refines skin texture and tone
*Reduces the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles
*Helps unclog pores and remove blackheads
*Inhibits dark spots and helps uneven skin tone
Mandelic acid can be used as a daily treatment that promotes cellular turnover, which addresses photo-aging, fine lines, acne, dark spots and overall skin texture.



TIPS FOR USING MANDELIC ACID:
Whether you're going with OTC products or pro peels, there are a few things you can do to get the most from your treatments.
Start off with a low concentration and increase over time.
Jumping in with a high-percentage product or peel can cause irritation, even with generally gentle mandelic acid.

Start with a lower percentage and work your way up slowly to allow your skin to get used to the AHA.
Don't go with high-strength peels for at-home use.
Through online retailers, you can now get high-percentage mandelic acid peels delivered to your door.

But just because you can buy a high-strength peel doesn't mean you should.
The higher the percentage of mandelic acid in your peel, the greater the risk of side effects.
You can still get good results with lower-strength peels if used consistently.
Leave the stronger peels for those who have been trained.

Wear sunscreen daily.
Any AHA peel or product can make your skin more sensitive to the sun.
When you're using any type of exfoliating product or having peels done, you should use SPF 30 or higher every day to protect your skin from the damaging effects of the sun.



MANDELIC ACID VS. GLYCOLIC ACID:
Glycolic acid is another AHA that's widely used in many skin care products.
It's derived from sugar cane and is effective at exfoliating skin, reducing fine lines, and preventing acne.
Glycolic has the smallest molecular weight amongst all the AHAs, and thus penetrates the skin more easily.
For this reason, glycolic acid may be more irritating to the skin than mandelic acid.

Due to Mandelic acid's larger molecular structure, mandelic acid doesn't penetrate the skin as deeply as glycolic acid, so Mandelic acid is gentler on the skin.
Mandelic acid has been found to be effective for inflammatory acne and some forms of hyperpigmentation, as well as treating sun damage and evening out pigmentation.

The key difference here is molecule size.
While glycolic acid and mandelic acid are both chemical exfoliants, the molecular size of glycolic acid is much smaller, which means it penetrates the skin more deeply and, subsequently, can produce a more dramatic effect.
Both mandelic acid and glycolic acid are alpha-hydroxy acids.

However, mandelic is derived from almonds while glycolic is derived from sugar cane (or a couple of other sources).
Mandelic is oil soluble, glycolic is not.
Perfect for sensitive skin types, The Ordinary's Mandelic Acid works to target hyperpigmentation, uneven skin tone, and fine lines.
In addition to the brand being wallet-friendly, its products are also cruelty-free and vegan.

Mandelic acid can be used to treat three major skin concerns: signs of ageing, acne and enlarged pores, as well as pigmentation that is the result of excess sun exposure, acne scarring, taking hormonal contraceptives and pregnancy.
Mandelic acid targets these concerns by speeding up cell turnover that slows with age.
Very gently Mandelic acid dissolves the tiny glue-like bonds that bind skin cells together, helping to remove dead skin build on the surface.

Mandelic acid also strengthens collagen, one of the building blocks of the skin’s support network that gives skin its bounce.
Widely used as an anti-aging treatment, mandelic acid provides a multitude of benefits ranging from lightening discoloration and signs of hyperpigmentation to softening lines and wrinkles and treating acne.

When added to skin care, mandelic acid accelerates cell turnover to strengthen collagen and reverse damage caused from aging and sun exposure.
Mandelic acid also helps to regulate sebum production to prevent future blemishes.
Mandelic acid is anti-septic and antibacterial qualities also help reduce inflammation, lighten pigmentation, improve texture and tone

Mandelic acid has been found useful to improve various skin conditions including UV-driven lentigenes, darkening of skin seen with melasma, inflammatory acne, wrinkles, and fine lines.
Mandelic Acid peel for the treatment of moderate skin aging, superficial pigmentations, and open pores.
Mandelic acid actives renew the epidermis and even the skin tone.
The action of the Mandelic acid helps to clear and control mild inflammatory acne.

Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is used to exfoliate the skin.
Mandelic acid is used to treat acne, hyperpigmentation, and aging skin.
Mandelic acid is used in over-the-counter skincare products and in professional chemical peels.
Mandelic acid is the most gentle of all the alpha-hydroxy acids, so it can be safely used by a wide range of skin types.



BENEFITS OF MANDELIC ACID:
*Gently Exfoliates
*Provides Superficial Peeling
*Clarifies Pores
*Lightens Hyperpigmentation
*Reduces Fine Lines
*Gentle on the skin:
One main benefit of mandelic acid is that Mandelic acid may be more gentle on the skin compared to other AHAs.
This makes Mandelic acid an ideal choice for those with sensitive skin.
This gentleness seems to be due to mandelic acid being one of the largest AHAs, and as a result, Mandelic acid penetrates the skin at a slower rate.

*Accelerates cell turnover:
Mandelic acid accelerates cell turnover and functions as a powerful exfoliate to remove dead skin cells.
For this reason, mandelic acid is found in some chemical peels.

*Promotes collagen production
Mandelic acid also improves skin appearance because Mandelic acid promotes collagen production, which is the main protein found in skin and connective tissue.
Results from using mandelic acid vary from person to person, but some people anecdotally notice a difference in their complexion and appearance after a couple of weeks.

*Exfoliates:
Mandelic acid is a chemical exfoliant, meaning it removes layers of older skin cells through a reaction with the skin (rather than exfoliating via abrasive scrubs).
*Promotes cell turnover:
By releasing skin cells attached to the surface of the skin, mandelic acid works to increase cell turnover, reducing the appearance of skin damage or acne.

*Brightens skin:
Exfoliated skin appears brighter and mandelic acid goes a step further, strengthening the skin so it stays bright with continued use.
*Reduces hyperpigmentation:
Increased cell turnover and exfoliating properties mean the acid reduces the look of dark marks and sun damage.

*Wrinkles and fine lines:
Mandelic acid is a go-to anti-ageing ingredient in the world of skincare.
Mandelic acid works to accelerate cell turnover by dissolving the tiny bonds that hold skin cells together, helping to remove dead skin on the surface that can lead to dull complexions, as well as fine lines.
Mandelic acid also strengthens collagen, one of the building blocks of the skin’s support network that gives it youthful firmness.

*Hyperpigmentation and discolouration:
Malesma is a common skin condition in which light to dark brown or greyish pigmentation develops on the face.
Mandelic acid has been shown to reduce melasma by as much as 50% in four weeks, resulting in a more evenly coloured complexion.

*Acne:
Mandelic acid’s antibacterial properties are extremely helpful in treating acne.
Mandelic acid also helps to regulate sebum production and in turn decrease the occurrence of breakouts.
Mandelic acid has even been shown to benefit those who suffer from cystic acne.
Using mandelic acid regularly can help improve many skin issues.

*Brightens Your Complexion:
As an exfoliator, mandelic acid refines your complexion.
Exfoliated skin feels softer and smoother, and looks brighter.
*Fades Hyperpigmentation and Melasma:
Mandelic acid can help fade hyperpigmentation of all types: sun spots or age spots, freckles, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma.

*Helps Improve Acne Blemishes and Marks:
Although Mandelic acid is not used alone to treat acne, it can be incorporated into an acne treatment routine to help clear pores and reduce comedones.
Mandelic acid has antibacterial effects, so it can be especially helpful in reducing inflammatory acne.
Mandelic acid can also help fade dark marks left by pimples.

*Softens Signs of Aging:
Mandelic acid is also a gentle treatment for aging skin.
Mandelic acid can help soften fine lines, and long-term use may help with firmness and elasticity.
Mandelic acid won't really reduce expression lines, though, such as the lines between your eyebrows.
But if your skin is on the dry side, mandelic acid can help your dry skin produce more of its own sebum or natural oil.

*Gentle Exfoliator for All Skin Types:
Mandelic acid is the gentlest of all alpha hydroxy acids so Mandelic acid can be used by a wider array of skin types, including those with sensitive skin and rosacea.
Even people who can't use other AHAs can often use mandelic acid without any irritation.
Mandelic acid is especially good for skin that is prone to discoloration because Mandelic acid won't trigger inflammation and hyperpigmentation as other AHAs can.

*For darker skin types, particularly where pigmentation from other AHAs may occur.
*Antibacterial with benefits for the reduction in the appearance of skin blemishes.
*Skin exfoliation benefits, which promote a renewed skin appearance.
*Less irritating than conventional AHAs.
*Stimulates new skin cells for long-term health
*Exfoliates dead skin cells for immediate clarity

*Promotes younger-looking skin by diminishing wrinkles
*Improves skin elasticity, hydration, and texture
*Reduces the appearance of pore size and prevents breakouts
*Menthol and Cucumber Flower Extract soothes and cools
*Mandelic acid has a wide range of benefits.

*Mandelic acid helps regulate oil production and can be effective against acne and acne scars.
*When applied to your skin, mandelic acid exfoliates the top layer, encouraging new skin cells to come to the surface for a fresh and smooth appearance.
*Thirdly, mandelic acid exfoliates the upper skin layer without causing inflammation or irritation on your skin, and it can promote collagen growth.
*Finally, mandelic acid fights hyperpigmentation caused by age spots, sun damage, and melasma.
*Overall, there are plenty of reasons to use citric acid daily on your skin.



WHAT ARE THE SKIN BENEFITS OF USING MANDELIC ACID?
By removing the build-up of dead skin cells it thins out the very top layer of the skin so that it becomes smoother is able to reflect the light better.
As a result, you can expect improvement in skin texture and a brighter, more luminous complexion.
It’s even been shown to reduce melasma by as much as 50 percent in four weeks.
Acne suffers can also look forward to a reduction in breakouts. Mandelic acid has antibacterial properties which help to regulate sebum production.
It’s even been shown to benefit those cystic acne sufferers.



HOW DOES MANDELIC ACID BENEFIT SKIN?
Mandelic acid's powerful antibacterial properties team up with its gentle exfoliating, cell-turnover-activating abilities team up to defeat acne, dull skin, uneven texture, hyperpigmentation, and fine lines and wrinkles.
Mandelic acid does the latter by boosting collagen production.
After about one to three weeks of use, mandelic acid is making your skin smoother, brighter, plumper, and clearer, she adds.
Mandelic acid sucks up acne-causing bacteria and oil clogging up your pores, as well as dead, discolored skin cells on the surface of your skin — leaving your floors, I mean complexion, cleaner and sparklier than ever.



THINGS TO CONSIDER AFTER MANDELIC ACID TREATMENT:
After your mandelic acid peel treatment, you’ll want to take some time to consider your next steps in order to ensure the best results possible.
Here are three things you should consider after your mandelic acid peel treatment:

1. Don’t Use Any Other Peels While Your Skin Is Healing:
Some people like to use weekly glycolic or salicylic acid treatments after their mandelic acid peel to help speed the recovery process, but I personally don’t recommend it.
Use an only moisturizer for 3-4 days after your treatment, and then slowly introduce other products back into your routine one at a time (like toner and serum) until you’re back up to full strength again.

2. Don’t Pick at Your Skin! :
This is especially important right after the peel has been applied.
Because that’s when it’s most vulnerable to picking off any dead skin cells that are ready to shed anyway.
Picking at your face can cause scarring and damage your skin’s natural barrier function — which is exactly what we want our peels doing for us!

3. Avoid Products with Alcohol and Retinol:
After treatment, avoid products that contain alcohol or retinol (vitamin A).
These ingredients can cause irritation and increase redness on your skin, which could lead to breakouts and hyperpigmentation (dark spots).
The same goes for products that have high levels of glycolic acid; these are also known as alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) and can cause sensitivity after this type of procedure.

4. Moisturize Your Skin Regularly:
A properly moisturized skin surface helps prevent dryness and flaking after any chemical peel procedure.
Mandelic acid peels can cause slight irritation of the skin’s surface due to their mild exfoliating properties.
To avoid this irritation from becoming problematic, make sure you use a moisturizing cream regularly after your treatment.

5. Avoid Tanning Beds:
If you want to maintain your results from this procedure, avoid tanning beds at all costs!
Tanning beds are known to accelerate aging and cause damage to the DNA within cells called melanocytes, which produce melanin — the pigment responsible for giving skin its coloration.



ISOLATION, SYNTHESIS, OCCURRENCE OF MANDELIC ACID:
Mandelic acid was discovered in 1831 by the German pharmacist Ferdinand Ludwig Winckler (1801–1868) while heating amygdalin, an extract of bitter almonds, with diluted hydrochloric acid.
The name is derived from the German "Mandel" for "almond".
Mandelic acid is usually prepared by the acid-catalysed hydrolysis of mandelonitrile, which is the cyanohydrin of benzaldehyde.

Mandelic acid can also be prepared by reacting benzaldehyde with sodium bisulfite to give the corresponding adduct, forming mandelonitrile with sodium cyanide.
Alternative, Mandelic acid can be prepared by base hydrolysis of phenylchloroacetic acid as well as dibromacetophenone.
Mandelic acid also arises by heating phenylglyoxal with alkalis.



BIOSYNTHESIS OF MANDELIC ACID:
Mandelic acid is a substrate or product of several biochemical processes called the mandelate pathway.
Mandelic acid interconverts the two enantiomers via a pathway that involves cleavage of the alpha-CH bond.
Mandelate dehydrogenase is yet another enzyme on this pathway.

Mandelate also arises from trans-cinnamate via phenylacetic acid, which is hydroxylated.Phenylpyruvic acid is another precursor to mandelic acid.
Derivatives of mandelic acid are formed as a result of metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline by monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyl transferase.

The biotechnological production of 4-hydroxy-mandelic acid and mandelic acid on the basis of glucose was demonstrated with a genetically modified yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which the hydroxymandelate synthase naturally occurring in the bacterium Amycolatopsis was incorporated into a wild-type strain of yeast, partially altered by the exchange of a gene sequence and expressed.
Mandelic acid also arises from the biodegradation of styrene and ethylbenzene, as detected in urine.



TYPES OF MANDELIC ACID:
Not all mandelic acid products are created equal.
If you’re looking for an effective treatment for acne or folliculitis, make sure you choose a product containing L-mandelic acid.
Regular mandelic acid, while still effective, is less concentrated and therefore less potent.
L-mandelic acid is the chirally correct version of the molecule and creates all of the skin-positive effects we love mandelic acid for!



HOW DOES MANDELIC ACID WORK?
Due to the natural process of cell turnover, dead skin cells accumulate on the surface of the skin.
Without regular exfoliation, dull skin and signs of premature aging will begin to make an appearance.
Mandelic acid works as a potent exfoliator, dissolving the intercellular glue that binds dead skin cells to the surface.
Through a mild exfoliation, mandelic acid removes the top layer of dead epidermal cells.
The result is fresh skin and a dewy glow.



THE BEST ACID FOR DEEP SKIN TONES, MANDELIC ACID:
Mandelic acid is the best choice for deeper skin tones, as it does not trigger an inflammatory response within the skin like other acids (glycolic).
At the same time, Mandelic acid actually inhibits melanin overproduction within the skin, effectively stopping new pigmentation at the source!



6 WAYS MANDELIC ACID CORRECTS YOUR TOP SKIN CONCERNS:
Here are some of the most common skin concerns and how mandelic acid can bring relief:
*Acne prone skin:
The antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties of mandelic acid make it an ideal acne busting ingredient.
Mandelic acid regulates sebum production, removes skin clogging dead skin cells, and reduces blemishes.
You can find our entire glossary of acne treatment tips here.

*Fine lines and wrinkles:
Mandelic acid softens the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by stimulating the production of collagen and elastin.
These two components of our skin naturally decline with age.
You’ll see continued, ongoing improvement with consistent use of mandelic skincare products.

*Melasma and hyperpigmentation:
Mandelic acid can lighten and brighten skin, fade unwanted sun spots, banish acne scars, and minimize age spots.
With continued use, you’ll see damage from aging and sun exposure slowly reverse.
Mandelic acid also reduces brown spots from melasma by as much as 50% in only four weeks!

*Enlarged pores:
Experience immediate pore-refining benefits as mandelic acid works to exfoliate, unclog, and reduce the appearance of large pores.
The anti-inflammatory properties of mandelic acid further serve to minimize facial pore size.

*Folliculitis:
Fungal infections of the hair follicles is also easily cleared with Mandelic Acid.
Those who deal with shaving bumps will see great results from using a mandelic cleanser.

*Rosacea:
Mandelic acid is both safe and beneficial for those suffering from redness and rosacea, an inflammatory skin disease characterized by burning, stinging, sensitive skin.
The calming and exfoliating properties of mandelic acid make it a powerful ally for healing rosacea.



WHAT PERCENTAGE OF MANDELIC ACID IS EFFECTIVE?
Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid that is used in cosmetic surgery.
Mandelic acid is a naturally occurring substance that is derived from bitter almonds.
Mandelic acid has been used as a skin-bleaching agent for over centuries, and it is still used today for this purpose.

Mandelic acid works by reducing hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis (thickening of the skin).
Mandelic acid also increases collagen production and elastin which makes the skin smoother.
Mandelic acid has been shown to be effective in treating melasma, acne, and psoriasis.

Mandelic acid also reduces fine lines and wrinkles by removing dead skin cells from the surface of the skin.
The success rate of mandelic acid depends on what kind of treatment you’re having. For example:
For wrinkles — 15% – 20% reduction in fine lines after four months of twice-weekly treatment.
For acne — 80% reduction in acne breakouts after three months of twice-weekly treatment.



WHEN DO PEOPLE NEED TO USE MANDELIC ACID TREATMENT?
-Skin Types:
All types of skin can benefit from mandelic acid treatment.
However, since Mandelic acid is an exfoliant, oily or acne-prone skin types may require more frequent use at lower concentrations.
When selecting your mandelic acid skincare product, consider whether you have dry or sensitive skin that reacts poorly to exfoliants (products or procedures).
If so, look for formulations with lower concentrations of 10% or less.

-Acne:
Mandelic acid has been shown to be effective in reducing sebum production by up to 40%.
This makes Mandelic acid an ideal choice for those with oily or acne-prone skin who are looking for something other than benzoyl peroxide or salicylic acids which can cause photosensitivity reactions.



HOW LONG DOES MANDELIC ACID TAKE TO WORK?
Mandelic acid is a chemical exfoliant that you can find in skincare products like cleansers and toners.
Mandelic acid’s one of the gentlest and most effective ingredients for exfoliating the skin.
Mandelic acid works by dissolving dead skin cells and unclogging pores, allowing new skin to grow.

Mandelic acid also helps even out your complexion and reduces acne breakouts.
The exact time it takes for mandelic acid to work depends on how many times you use it and how long you’ve been using it.
Some people see results after just one use, while others need several applications before they start seeing results!
If you’re new to using mandelic acid, start out once or twice a week until your skin adjusts.
Once your skin has acclimated to the product, you can increase its frequency if needed.



HOW TO USE MANDELIC ACID?
Start slowly, using just once per day at first and working up to twice per day if needed.
Percentage of strength is also important.
Never start with a concentration higher than 8%.
Skin always needs time to adjust to new skincare products, particularly exfoliants.

You can expect to experience light flaking for the first few weeks.
So plan to accommodate this by applying extra moisturizer during this time.
Mandelic serum can be applied to clean, dry skin or added to your favorite moisturizer.
Sensitive skin should begin with 5% strength while normal skin can begin with 8% strength.

Most people begin to see a transformation in their skin within two weeks of regular use.
However you should stick to using it for at least 8 weeks for full results.
If you’ve never used an alpha-hydroxy acid product on your skin before or if other acid treatments have caused irritation for you, mandelic acid is a gentle ingredient for you to get started with.



HOW TO ADD MANDELIC ACID TO YOUR SKIN CARE ROUTINE FOR GLOWING SKIN?
Whenever we’re looking for that natural glow we typically turn to exfoliants.
But there’s one you may have been ignoring, one that is loved by those who have sensitive skin.



HOW IS MANDELIC ACID DIFFERENT FROM OTHER AHA'S?
What sets mandelic acid apart from its AHA cousins is the size of its molecules.
Mandelic acid's molecules are larger than any of the other alpha hydroxy acids used in skincare.
Mandelic acid's molecules are twice the size of the ones in glycolic acid.



WHY IS MANDELIC ACID GREAT FOR SENSITIVE SKIN?
Mandelic acid's larger molecules penetrate the skin much more slowly than its smaller molecule counterparts.
This slow absorption means Mandelic acid's much gentler and much less likely to cause skin irritation.



POWERFUL SKIN BENEFITS OF MANDELIC ACID:
The beautiful thing about mandelic acid is the longer you use it, the better results you will see.
Here are the skin benefits you can look forward to:
1. Mandelic acid brightens the skin:
Exfoliated skin feels softer and smoother, and looks brighter.

2. Fades hyperpigmentation and dark spots:
Helps fade hyperpigmentation of all types: sun spots or age spots, freckles, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and melasma.

3. Mandelic acid helps Acne Blemishes and Marks:
Although Mandelic acid's not a stand- alone acne treatment, incorporating it in your skin care routine can help clear pores and reduce comedones.
And because Mandelic acid has antibacterial effects, it’s helpful in reducing inflammatory acne.
Mandelic acid can also improve fade dark spots caused by breakouts.

4. Anti-aging:
Mandelic acid can help soften fine lines, and long-term use may help with firmness and elasticity.
Studies have shown that mandelic acid can help your dry skin produce more of its own sebum or natural oil.

5. Great for sensitive skin:
People who are sensitive to other AHAs can often use mandelic acid without any irritation.
Mandelic acid's especially good for skin that is prone to discoloration because it won't trigger inflammation and hyperpigmentation as other AHAs can.



TIPS FOR USING MANDELIC ACID:
1.Here’s why it’s so effective for achieving clear, radiant skin:
Glycolic - The holy grail of exfoliation; effectively removes the outermost layer of dead skin cells from the complexion, revealing brighter, fresher skin.
Mandelic Acid is a powerful alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that works to accelerate cell turnover and remove dead skin cells.
Strengthens collagen, assists with evening skin tone, reduces hyperpigmentation and combats acne through its antibacterial properties.

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) - A highly effective, versatile ingredient that renews and restores moistureless, dehydrated skin by helping improve the natural production of skin strengthening ceramides.
Visibly improves and minimizes enlarged pores, uneven skin tone, fine lines and wrinkles.
It also helps fight free radicals, acne and congestion and reduces redness.

Lepidium Sativum Sprout Extract - High in antioxidants; this ingredient prevents photo-ageing, targets and lightens age/dark spots, prevents their appearance and creates an even skin tone.
Galactoarabinan (GA) - A natural plant collagen that boosts the skins natural ability to retain moisture, improves the skin’s texture and diminishes the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

2. Avoid high-strength peels when using it at home.
Leave that to the professionals.
The higher the percentage of mandelic acid in your peel the greater the risk of side effects.
3. As always wear sunscreen daily.
Any AHA peel or product can make your skin more sensitive to the sun.
4. Never combine mandelic acid with prescription topical medications or other types of peels.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF MANDELIC ACID:
*Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
*Secondary alcohols
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds
*Aromatic alcohols



SUBSTITUENTS OF MANDELIC ACID:
*Hydroxy acid
*Monocyclic benzene moiety
*Alpha-hydroxy acid
*Secondary alcohol
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aromatic alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Alcohol
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MANDELIC ACID:
Molar mass: 152.149 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Density: 1.30 g/cm3
Melting point: 119 °C (246 °F; 392 K) optically pure: 132 to 135 °C (270 to 275 °F; 405 to 408 K)
Boiling point: 321.8 °C (611.2 °F; 595.0 K)
Solubility in water: 15.87 g/100 mL
Solubility: soluble in diethyl ether, ethanol, isopropanol
Acidity (pKa): 3.41
Refractive index (nD): 1.5204
Molecular Weight: 152.15
XLogP3: 0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 152.047344113
Monoisotopic Mass: 152.047344113

Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 138
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: solid
Color: white
Odor: weakly aromatic
Odor Threshold: No data available

pH: 2,3 at 10 g/l
Melting point/range: 119 - 121 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 255 - 340 °C at ca.1.013 hPa
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.)
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 25 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 1,31 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 1,31 at 20 °C
Water solubility: 139 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 0,5 at 23 °C
Autoignition temperature: does not ignite
Decomposition temperature: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of MANDELIC ACID:
-If inhaled
Fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MANDELIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MANDELIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MANDELIC ACID:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MANDELIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Light sensitive.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MANDELIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid
Mandelic acid
Phenylglycolic acid
α-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
MANDELIC ACID
dl-Mandelic acid90-64-2
2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid
611-72-3
Phenylglycolic acid
Amygdalic acid
Paramandelic acid
Racemic mandelic acid
Almond acid
Uromaline
p-Mandelic acid
(RS)-Mandelic acid
2-Phenylglycolic acid
Hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid
Phenylhydroxyacetic acid
Glycolic acid, phenyl-
alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
Kyselina mandlova
2-Phenyl-2-hydroxyacetic acid
DL-Hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid
(+/-)-mandelic acid
2-hydroxy-2-phenyl-acetic acid
Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-
NSC 7925
Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-
(+/-)-alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
.alpha.-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
alpha-Hydroxy-alpha-toluic acid
NSC-7925
NH496X0UJX
CHEBI:35825
(+-)-alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
.alpha.-Hydroxy-.alpha.-toluic acid
.alpha.-Toluic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-
Ammonium mandelate
(+)-Mandelate, XXI
Acido mandelico
(+-)-Mandelic acid
Benzeneacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-, homopolymer
32518-00-6
Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, (.+/-.)-
mandelic-acid
2-Hydroy-2-phenylacetic acid
Mandelic acid
DL-Amygdalic Acid
DL-Mandelicacid
DL-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid
Kyselina mandlova [Czech]
(+-)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid
alpha-Toluic acid, alpha-hydroxy-
(+-)-alpha-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid
EINECS 202-007-6
EINECS 210-277-1
UNII-NH496X0UJX
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylethanoic acid
acidomandelico
alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid, (+-)-
AI3-06293
Kyselina 2-fenyl-2-hydroxyethanova [Czech]
MFCD00004495
MFCD00064251
Benzoglycolic acid
Phenylacetic acid, alpha-hydroxy-
NCGC00166022-01
l(+)mandelic acid
(+) mandelic acid
(+)-mandelic acid
PPCM
SAMMA
hyroxyphenylacetic acid
Pregabalin Impurity C
(+/-)-alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
Mandelic acid, 99%
(-)-Mandelate, XX
hydroxyphenyl acetic acid
81432-25-9
Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, (.alpha.R)-
Pregabalin EP Impurity C
WLN: QYR&VQ
hydroxy-phenyl-acetic acid
Mandelic acid, >=99%
DL-Mandelic acid, 99%
MANDELIC ACID
SCHEMBL1050
(.+/-.)-Mandelic acid
CHEMBL1609
(+)-Phenylhydroxyacetic acid
(?)-Phenylhydroxyacetic acid
2-Hydroxy-2-phenylaceticacid
MLS001074208
.alpha.-Phenylhydroxyacetic acid
DTXSID6023234
BDBM92715
NSC7925
Mandelic acid condensation polymer
2-oxidanyl-2-phenyl-ethanoic acid
HMS2230F19
HMS3371M20
HMS3373A03
(2rs)-hydroxy(phenyl)ethanoic acid
BBL028097
MFCD00064250
s3363
STL283951
AKOS000118795
AKOS016050628
CS-W016307
DB13218
HY-W015591
KS-1423
NCGC00166023-01
NCGC00166269-01
(.+/-.)-alpha-Hydroxybenzeneacetic acid
AC-12228
SMR000653543
SY001645
SY001670
DB-016128
DB-016158
DS-000887
AM20060842
FT-0600010
FT-0601504
FT-0625487
FT-0628148
M0038
Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, ( )-
Benzeneacetic acid, .alpha.-hydroxy-, (S)-
EN300-19482
PHENYLACETIC ACID, .ALPHA.--HYDROXY-
A19434
DL-Mandelic acid, analytical reference material
MLS-0090887.0001
A833072
AE-562/40233036
Q412293
(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic Acid (Mandelic Acid)
GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE IMPURITY C
Mandelic Acid ((2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic Acid)
14A53E4A-8315-42A7-9D60-DE06CCBB1AF9
F2191-0202
HOMATROPINE HYDROBROMIDE IMPURITY C
Z104473974
HOMATROPINE METHYLBROMIDE IMPURITY C
Mandelic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
Mandelic acid
(2RS)-2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetic acid
?-Hydroxy-Benzeneacetic acid

MANGANE SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE; manganous(II)sulfate monohydrate; Sulfuric Acid Manganese Salt (1:1) Monohydrate cas no: 10034-96-5

MANGANE SULPHATE MONOHYDRATE Manganese sulphate monohydrate A widely used nutrient that finds a major application as a soil supplement and also as a feed additive for animals. Industry: Agriculture, Animal Feed Application: Feed additives, Fertilisers, Micronutrients, Premixes Synonyms: Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate; Manganous sulfate monohydrate CAS number: 10034-96-5 Molecular Weight of Mangane sulfate monohydrate :169.02 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 1 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 5 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 168.900338 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 168.900338 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 89.6 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 7 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 62.2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Mangane sulfate monohydrate : 3 Computed by PubChem Compound of Mangane sulfate monohydrate Is Canonicalized Yes Manganese sulfate monohydrate appears as odorless pale red slightly efflorescent crystals or light pink powder. pH (5% solution) 3.7. (NTP, 1992) Manganese sulfate monohydrate is a hydrate that is the monohydrate form of manganese(II) sulfate. It has a role as a nutraceutical. It is a hydrate, a manganese molecular entity and a metal sulfate. It contains a manganese(II) sulfate. Manganese(II) sulfate From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigationJump to search Manganese(II) sulfate Manganese(II) sulfate close-up.jpg Manganese sulfate monohydrate Manganese(II)-sulfate-tetrahydrate-sample.jpg Manganese(II) sulfate tetrahydrate Names IUPAC name Manganese(II) sulfate Identifiers CAS Number 7785-87-7 check 10034-96-5 (monohydrate) ☒ 10101-68-5 (tetrahydrate) ☒ 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEMBL ChEMBL1200557 ☒ ChemSpider 22984 check ECHA InfoCard 100.029.172 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 232-089-9 PubChem CID 24580 RTECS number OP1050000 (anhydrous) OP0893500 (tetrahydrate) UNII IGA15S9H40 Properties Chemical formula MnSO4 Molar mass 151.001 g/mol (anhydrous) 169.02 g/mol (monohydrate) 223.07 g/mol (tetrahydrate) 277.11 g/mol (heptahydrate) Appearance white crystals (anhydrous) pale pink solid (hydrates) Density 3.25 g/cm3 (anhydrous) 2.95 g/cm3 (monohydrate) 2.107 g/cm3 (tetrahydrate) Melting point 710 °C (1,310 °F; 983 K) (anhydrous) 27 °C (tetrahydrate) Boiling point 850 °C (1,560 °F; 1,120 K) (anhydrous) Solubility in water 52 g/100 mL (5 °C) 70 g/100 mL (70 °C) Solubility Very slightly soluble in methanol insoluble in ether and ethanol. Magnetic susceptibility (χ) 1.3660×10−2 cm3/mol Structure Crystal structure orthogonal (anhydrous) monoclinic (monohydrate) monoclinic (tetrahydrate) Hazards Safety data sheet ICSC 0290 EU classification (DSD) (outdated) Harmful (Xn) Dangerous for the environment (N) R-phrases (outdated) R48/20/22, R51/53 S-phrases (outdated) (S2), S22, S61 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 011 Related compounds Other cations Chromium(III) sulfate Iron(II) sulfate Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Manganese sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4·H2O. This pale pink deliquescent solid is a commercially significant manganese(II) salt. Approximately 260,000 tonnes of manganese sulfate were produced worldwide in 2005. It is the precursor to manganese metal and many other chemical compounds. Manganese-deficient soil is remediated with this salt.[1] Structure Coordination sphere for Mn and S in the monohydrate. The O6 coordination sphere is provided by four separate sulfate groups and a pair of mutually trans bridging aquo ligands.[2] The structure of MnSO4·H2O has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Like many metal sulfates, manganese sulfate forms a variety of hydrates: monohydrate, tetrahydrate, pentahydrate, and heptahydrate. All of these salts dissolve in water to give faintly pink solutions of the aquo complex [Mn(H2O)6]2+. Applications and production Typically, manganese ores are purified by their conversion to manganese(II) sulfate. Treatment of aqueous solutions of the sulfate with sodium carbonate leads to precipitation of manganese carbonate, which can be calcined to give the oxides MnOx. In the laboratory, manganese sulfate can be made by treating manganese dioxide with sulfur dioxide:[3] MnO2 + SO2 + H2O → MnSO4(H2O) It can also be made by mixing potassium permanganate with sodium bisulfate and hydrogen peroxide. Manganese sulfate is a by-product of various industrially significant oxidations that use manganese dioxide, including the manufacture of hydroquinone and anisaldehyde.[1] Electrolysis of manganese sulfate yields manganese dioxide, which is called EMD for electrolytic manganese dioxide. Alternatively oxidation of manganese sulfate with potassium permanganate yields the so-called chemical manganese dioxide (CMD). These materials, especially EMD, are used in dry-cell batteries.[1] Natural occurrence Manganese sulfate minerals are very rare in nature and always occur as hydrates. The monohydrate is called szmikite; tetrahydrate = ilesite; hexahydrate (the most rare) = chvaleticeite; pentahydrate = jōkokuite; heptahydrate = mallardite. Product Information CAS number 10034-96-5 EC index number 025-003-00-4 EC number 232-089-9 Grade Ph Eur,USP,FCC Hill Formula MnO₄S * H₂O Chemical formula MnSO₄ * H₂O Molar Mass 169.02 g/mol HS Code 2833 29 80 PHYSICAL & CHEMICAL INFORMATION Physical State; Appearance PINK HYGROSCOPIC CRYSTALS. Physical dangers Chemical dangers Decomposes on heating. This produces sulfur oxides and manganese oxides. This generates toxic hazard. Formula: MnSO4.H2O Molecular mass: 169.0 Relative density (water = 1): 2.95 Solubility in water, g/100ml: 76.2 (freely soluble) Melting point: 400-450°C EXPOSURE & HEALTH EFFECTS Routes of exposure The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion. Effects of short-term exposure The substance is irritating to the eyes. Inhalation risk Evaporation at 20°C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered. Effects of long-term or repeated exposure The substance may have effects on the central nervous system. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development. Manganese Sulfate Monohydrate is a moderately water and acid soluble Manganese source for uses compatible with sulfates. Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal. Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble. Organometallic forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions. Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells. Manganese Sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes. Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards. Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered. We produce to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards. Typical and custom packaging is available. Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.

Manganese Carbonate is a water-insoluble manganese source which occurs naturally in the form of mineral rhodochrosite.
Manganese carbonate can easily be converted to other manganese compounds, such as the oxide by heating.
Manganese carbonate can be widely applied in various fields.

CAS: 598-62-9
MF: CMnO3
MW: 114.95
EINECS: 209-942-9

In the field of agriculture, Manganese Carbonate is commonly used as an additive to plant fertilizers, which is effective to cure the crops with manganese deficiency.
Manganese Carbonate can also be applied in ceramics as a porcelain glaze, glaze colorant and flux and it serves as a catalyst in viscose process.
Besides, Manganese Carbonate has been proved to be used as a hematinic in the field of medicine.
Other applications of manganese carbonate involve in health foods, chemical industry and etc.
Manganese carbonate is a chemical compound that has a structure similar to calcite, with octahedral co-ordination symmetry.

Manganese Carbonate is a carbonate that is insoluble in water and on treatment with acid it gives water soluble salts.
Manganese Carbonate is a widely used material in plant fertilization as an additive that cures the magnesium deficiency in crops.
Manganese carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula MnCO3.
Manganese carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral rhodochrosite but it is typically produced industrially.
Manganese Carbonate is a pale pink, water-insoluble solid.
Approximately 20,000 metric tonnes were produced in 2005.

Manganese carbonate is a compound that consists of manganese and carbonate ions.
Manganese Carbonate has a redox potential of 0.38 V, which is higher than that of anhydrous sodium (0.28 V) and can be used as an oxidation catalyst to treat wastewater.
Manganese carbonate can be synthesized by the reaction between magnesium salt and particle or zirconium oxide in the presence of oxygen gas.
Manganese Carbonate is usually white in color and has a particle size of about 3 μm.
Manganese carbonate has been used for the treatment of liver lesions caused by manganism, which is a disorder resulting from excessive exposure to manganese compounds.
Manganese carbonate also finds use in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), as it has been shown to have good electrical conductivity properties with low dielectric constant values.

Manganese carbonate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 350°C (dec.)
Density: 3.12 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Solubility: dilute aqueous acid: slightly soluble(lit.)
Form: Powder
Specific Gravity: 3.125
Color: Light brown to violet
Water Solubility: Soluble in water(0.065g/L), dilute inorganic acids. Insoluble alcohol.
Merck: 14,5726
Solubility Product Constant (Ksp): pKsp: 10.63
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.02 mg/m3; TWA 0.1 mg/m3
OSHA: Ceiling 5 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 500 mg/m3; TWA 1 mg/m3; STEL 3 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. May be moisture senstive.
LogP: -0.809 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 598-62-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Manganese carbonate (598-62-9)

Characters rose-colored triangular rhomboid crystals or amorphous bright white brown powder.
Relative density 3.125 solubility is almost insoluble in water, slightly soluble in water containing carbon dioxide.
Soluble in dilute inorganic acid, slightly soluble in common organic acids, insoluble in alcohol and liquid ammonia.

Structure and production
MnCO3 adopts a structure like calcite, consisting of manganese ions in an octahedral coordination geometry.
Treatment of aqueous solutions of manganese nitrate with ammonia and carbon dioxide leads to precipitation of this faintly pink solid.
The side product, ammonium nitrate is used as fertilizer.

Reactions
Manganese carbonate is insoluble in water but, like most carbonates, hydrolyses upon treatment with acids to give water-soluble salts.
Manganese carbonate decomposes with release of carbon dioxide, i.e. calcining, at 200 °C to give MnO1.88:
MnCO3 + 0.44 O2 → MnO1.8 + CO2
This method is sometimes employed in the production of manganese dioxide, which is used in dry-cell batteries and for ferrites.
Manganese carbonate is widely used as an additive to plant fertilizers to cure manganese deficient crops.
Manganese carbonate is also used in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.
Manganese carbonate is used in medicine as a hematinic.

Uses
The material of the telecommunication equipment component is used as a raw material for the production of ferrite.
Manganese carbonate is widely used as a catalyst for desulfurization, enamel pigment, Varnish drier, manganese salt and raw material for catalyst manufacturing.
Widely used as desulfurization catalyst, enamel pigment, manganese salt raw materials, also used in fertilizer, medicine, feed additives, electrode accessories.
Manganese carbonate (MnCO3) is used in the production of iron ore and as a chemical reagent.
Manganese carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral rhodochrosite (manganese spar).
This ore also is used to produce manganese dioxide (by electrolytic process).
Manganese carbonate is used as gemstones; and as a pigment (manganese white).

Manganese carbonate is extensively utilized as an additive to plant fertilizers to treat manganese deficient crops.
Manganese carbonate is also employed in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.
Manganese carbonate is utilized in medicine as a hematinic (a nutrient required for the formation of blood cells in the process of haematopoiesis.
The main hematinics are iron, B12, and folate).

Metallurgy: Manganese carbonate is an important source of manganese for the production of ferroalloys, which are alloys of iron and manganese.
Ferroalloys are used in the steel industry to improve the strength and hardness of steel.

Fertilizers: Manganese carbonate is an essential nutrient for plants, and manganese carbonate is used as a fertilizer to supply this nutrient to the soil.
Manganese carbonate helps in the synthesis of chlorophyll and plays a vital role in photosynthesis and overall plant growth.

Ceramics and Glass: Manganese carbonate is employed in the production of ceramics and glass.
Manganese carbonate acts as a colorant, imparting various shades of pink, purple, or brown to the final products.

Pigments and Paints: Manganese carbonate is employed as a pigment in various applications, including paints, coatings, and dyes.
Manganese carbonate can produce shades of pink, purple, and brown, depending on the concentration and the specific application.

Chemical Industry: Manganese carbonate serves as a precursor for the production of other manganese compounds.
Manganese carbonate is used in the synthesis of manganese oxide, manganese sulfate, and other manganese-based chemicals.

Health Supplements: Manganese carbonate can also be found in certain dietary supplements and multivitamins.
Manganese carbonate is an essential trace mineral required for normal growth, development, and overall health.

Preparation
Manganese carbonate is mined from its naturally occurring mineral rhodochrosite.
Manganese carbonate may be prepared in the laboratory as a palepink precipitate by adding sodium bicarbonate to a solution of manganese salt saturated with carbon dioxide.
Manganese carbonate obtained is monohydrate, MnCO3•H2O.
However, if the carbon dioxide-saturated solution, together with the above monohydrate precipitate, is heated in the absence of atmosphere oxygen, the monohydrate MnCO3•H2O is converted into the anhydrous MnCO3.

In the reactor, manganese sulfate is dissolved with water or steam, insoluble matters are removed by filtration, and purification is carried out with hydrogen sulfide to remove impurities such as heavy metals.
After heating and boiling, the mixture is filtered.
The obtained manganese sulfate solution and ammonium bicarbonate solution are subjected to metathesis reaction at 25~30 ℃ to generate manganese carbonate, which is then subjected to Suction filtration, washing and dehydration, drying may be performed at 80 to 90 °c.
Alternatively, the soft manganese ore powder is mixed with coal powder, and the manganese sulfate solution is obtained by reduction roasting and sulfuric acid leaching.
After filtration, the solution is neutralized with ammonium bicarbonate, and then vacuum filtered, dehydrated and dried.

Synonyms
MANGANESE CARBONATE
598-62-9
Manganese(II) carbonate
Manganous carbonate
Rhodochrosite
Manganese(2+) carbonate
Natural rhodochrosite
Manganese carbonate (1:1)
Manganese carbonate (MnCO3)
Carbonic acid, manganese salt
CCRIS 3660
HSDB 790
Manganese(2+) carbonate (1:1)
EINECS 209-942-9
NSC 83512
UNII-9ZV57512ZM
17375-37-0
9ZV57512ZM
manganese(2+);carbonate
MANGANUM CARBONICUM
EC 209-942-9
NSC-83512
manganese(ii)carbonate
Carbonic acid, manganese(2+) salt (1:1)
MFCD00011116
EINECS 241-414-3
RHODOCHROSITE [INCI]
SCHEMBL32918
DTXSID1042108
MANGANESE CARBONATE [MI]
XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
MANGANESE CARBONATE [HSDB]
MANGANUM CARBONICUM [HPUS]
CARBONIC ACID,MANGANESE SALT
Manganese(II) carbonate, Mn 44%
MANGANESE CARBONATE [WHO-DD]
Manganese Carbonate, Powder, Reagent
Manganese(II) carbonate, min. 90%
AKOS015903237
Manganese(II) carbonate, p.a., 44%
Q414659
J-521674
Manganese(II) carbonate, 99.985% (metals basis)
Manganese(II) carbonate, >=99.9% trace metals basis
Manganese(II) carbonate hydrate, 44-46% Mn basis (KT)
11-((5-Dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl) amino)undecanoic

Manganese Carbonate is a pale pink, water-insoluble solid.
Manganese Carbonate is mostly pink to light brown and odorless.
Manganese Carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula MnCO3.


CAS Number: 598-62-9
EC Number: 209-942-9
MDL number: MFCD00011116
Chemical formula: MnCO3



SYNONYMS:
Carbonic acid (acd/name 4.0), Carbonic acid, manganese(2+) salt (1:1), Manganese carbonate (1:1), Manganese carbonate (MnCO3), Manganese carbonate, MnCO3, Manganese carbonic acid, Manganese(2+) carbonate, Manganese(2+) carbonate (1:1), Manganese(II) carbonate, Manganous carbonate, RHODOCHROSITE, Manganous carbonate, Manganese carbonate, ManganeseCarbonateAr, Manganese(Ⅱ)carbonate, MANGANESE(+2)CARBONATE, Manganese(II) carbonate, Manganese(II) carbonate, tech., MANGANESE CARBONATE, FOR ANALYTICAL PURPOSE, Manganese(II) carbonate, MANGANESE CARBONATE, 598-62-9, Manganese(II) carbonate, Manganous carbonate, Rhodochrosite, Manganese(2+) carbonate, Natural rhodochrosite, Carbonic acid, manganese salt, Manganese carbonate (1:1), Manganese carbonate (MnCO3), CCRIS 3660, HSDB 790, 17375-37-0, manganese(2+);carbonate, Manganese(2+) carbonate (1:1), EINECS 209-942-9, NSC 83512, UNII-9ZV57512ZM, 9ZV57512ZM, MANGANUM CARBONICUM, EC 209-942-9, NSC-83512, manganese(ii)carbonate, Carbonic acid, manganese(2+) salt (1:1), MFCD00011116, Manganesecarbonate, EINECS 241-414-3, SCHEMBL32918, DTXSID1042108, MANGANESE CARBONATE [MI], MANGANESE CARBONATE [HSDB], MANGANUM CARBONICUM [HPUS], CARBONIC ACID,MANGANESE SALT, Manganese(II) carbonate, Mn 44%, MANGANESE CARBONATE [WHO-DD], Manganese(II) carbonate, min. 90%, AKOS015903237, Manganese(II) carbonate, p.a., 44%, NS00080594, Q414659, J-521674, Manganese(II) carbonate, 99.985% (metals basis), Manganese(II) carbonate, >=99.9% trace metals basis, Manganese(II) carbonate hydrate, 44-46% Mn basis (KT), Manganese carbonate, Manganese(2+) carbonate, Manganous carbonate, Manganese (II) carbonate, manganese carbonate, rhodochromite, Manganese(2+) carbonate, Manganese (2+) carbonate (1:1), Manganese(II) carbonate, Manganese(2+) carbonate, carbonic acid, manganese(2+) salt (1:1) manganese carbonate, manganese ii carbonate, manganous carbonate, manganese 2+ carbonate, natural rhodochrosite, manganese carbonate 1:1, rhodochrosite, manganese carbonate mnco3, unii-9zv57512zm, ccris 3660, RHODOCHROSITE, MANGANESE(+2)CARBONATE, mangane carbonate, MANGANESE(II) CARBONATE, 99.9+%, MANGANESE(II) CARBONATE, 99.99%, MANGANESE(II) CARBONATE TECHNICAL, MANGANESE(II) CARBONATE EXTRA PURE, MANGANESE CARBONATE 44+% MN TECH GARDE RHODOCHROSITE, MANGANESE(II) CARBONATE, tansuanm, mangane carbonate, MANGANOUS CARBONATE, MANGANESE CARBONATE, anese(II) carbonate, naturalrhodochrosite, ManganeseCarbonateAr, Manganese(Ⅱ)carbonate, Carbonic acid, manganese(2+) salt (1:1), Manganese carbonate (1:1), Manganese carbonate (MnCO3), Manganese(2+) carbonate, Manganese(2+) carbonate (1:1), Manganous carbonate, Natural rhodochrosite,



Manganese Carbonate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Manganese Carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula MnCO3.


Manganese Carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral rhodochrosite but it is typically produced industrially.
Manganese Carbonate is a pale pink, water-insoluble solid.
Approximately 20,000 metric tonnes were produced in 2005.
Manganese Carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula MnCO3.


Manganese Carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral rhodochrosite, but it is usually produced industrially.
Manganese Carbonate is a pale pink, water-insoluble solid.
Manganese Carbonate is mostly pink to light brown and odorless.


In nature, Manganese Carbonate also occurs as the mineral rhodochrosite.
Manganese Carbonate is basically insoluble in water and generally readily convertible to other manganese compounds.
Manganese Carbonate is a water-insoluble manganese source which occurs naturally in the form of mineral rhodochrosite.


Manganese Carbonate can easily be converted to other manganese compounds, such as the oxide by heating.
Manganese Carbonate can be widely applied in various fields.
In the field of agriculture, Manganese Carbonate is commonly used as an additive to plant fertilizers, which is effective to cure the crops with manganese deficiency.


Manganese Carbonate can also be applied in ceramics as a porcelain glaze, glaze colorant and flux and it serves as a catalyst in viscose process.
Besides, Manganese Carbonate has been proved to be used as a hematinic in the field of medicine.
Other applications of Manganese Carbonate involve in health foods, chemical industry and etc.


Manganese Carbonate is a brown powder.
Manganese Carbonate is a chemical compound that has a structure similar to calcite, with octahedral co-ordination symmetry.
Manganese Carbonate is a carbonate that is insoluble in water and on treatment with acid it gives water soluble salts.


Manganese Carbonate is a widely used material in plant fertilization as an additive that cures the magnesium deficiency in crops.
Manganese Carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula MnCO3.
Manganese Carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral rhodochrosite.


Manganese Carbonate is a water insoluble Manganese source that can easily be converted to other Manganese compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination).
Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids.


Manganese Carbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Manganese Carbonate is a compound with the chemical formula MnCO3.


Manganese Carbonate occurs naturally as the mineral rhodochrosite.
Manganese Carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula MnCO3.
Manganese Carbonate is a pink-colored solid that occurs naturally as the mineral rhodochrosite.


Manganese Carbonate is primarily composed of manganese (Mn), carbon (C), and oxygen (O).
Manganese Carbonate, also known as manganese(II) carbonate, is a chemical compound.
Manganese Carbonate is a brownish powder with a chemical formula of MnCO3.


Manganese Carbonate can be heated to produce manganese(II) oxide and carbon dioxide.
Manganese Carbonate is made by reacting a soluble manganese compound such as manganese(II) chloride with sodium carbonate.
Manganese Carbonate is a rose colored crystal, sometimes white when precipitated.
Manganese Carbonate is soluble in inorganic acids, and almost insoluble in organic acids and water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MANGANESE CARBONATE:
Manganese Carbonate is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Manganese Carbonate is used in the following products: fertilisers.


Other release to the environment of this substance is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Release to the environment of Manganese Carbonate can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).


Other release to the environment of Manganese Carbonate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).


Manganese Carbonate can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and vehicles.
Manganese Carbonate can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery), plastic used for large surface area articles (e.g. construction and building materials for flooring, insulation) and rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).


Manganese Carbonate is used in the following products: fertilisers, metal surface treatment products, laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Manganese Carbonate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Manganese Carbonate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and scientific research and development.
Manganese Carbonate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, , metals and fabricated metal products.


Other release to the environment of Manganese Carbonate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Manganese Carbonate is used in the following products: fertilisers, metals and pH regulators and water treatment products.


Release to the environment of Manganese Carbonate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Manganese Carbonate is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products and fertilisers.
Manganese Carbonate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of Manganese Carbonate can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), as processing aid, in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Manganese Carbonate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Manganese Carbonate is used in fertilizers, metal surface treatment products, pH regulators, water treatment products, machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coatings or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners.


Manganese Carbonate has an industrial use that results in the production of another substance (use of intermediates).
Manganese Carbonate is used in agriculture, forestry and fisheries, and blend formulations and/or repackaging.
Manganese Carbonate is used in the manufacture of chemicals, metals and fabricated metal products.


Manganese Carbonate is the compound containing manganese (II) ion and carbonic acid components. Widely used in articles, formulation or repackaging, industrial sites and manufacturing.
Manganese Carbonate is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Manganese Carbonate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, fabricated metal products and metals.
In the construction industry, Manganese Carbonate is used in cementitious mixtures to accelerate the curing process and to give cementitious mixtures a higher hardness.


Manganese Carbonate, also known as manganous carbonate, is found in numerous metals and is used in the preparation of other manganese salts.
In Manganese Carbonate's pure form is used in medicine for treating anaemia.
Manganese Carbonate is also applied for metal surface treatment and in the welding industry.


In agriculture Manganese Carbonate is used for manganese deficiency or prophylaxis.
Manganese Carbonate is ideal as a long-term source of manganese because it is insoluble in water and therefore does not leach out of the soil, and the acids and bacteria in the compound make the manganese available to the plants.


Manganese (Mn) deficiency is a plant disorder that is often confused with, and occurs in conjunction with, iron deficiency.
It is most common in swampy soils and where organic matter content is high.
Manganese may be unavailable to plants with high pH.


Onions, apples, peas, French beans, cherries and raspberries may be affected by deficiency, with symptoms including yellowing leaves with small areas of green.
The plant may appear healthy as new leaf growth may appear normal.


Brown spots on the leaf surfaces may occur and severely affected leaves will turn brown and die back.
Manganese Carbonate is used in the production of iron ore and as a chemical reagent.
Manganese Carbonate occurs in nature as the mineral rhodochrosite [14476-12-1] (manganese spar).


Manganese Carbonate ore also is used to produce manganese dioxide (by electrolytic process).
Manganese Carbonate is used as gemstones; and as a pigment (manganese white).
Manganese Carbonate is used as pigment"manganese white"; drier for varnishes; in feeds.


Manganese Carbonate is extensively utilized as an additive to plant fertilizers to treat manganese deficient crops.
Manganese Carbonate is also employed in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.
Manganese Carbonate is utilized in medicine as a hematinic (a nutrient required for the formation of blood cells in the process of hematopoiesis.


The main hematinics are iron, B12, and folate).
Manganese Carbonate is used for Pigment, Varnish Drier.
Pigment, varnish drier Manganese Carbonate is used as an additive to plant fertilizers, glaze colorant in ceramics, pigment and drier for varnishes.


Manganese Carbonate is also used as an ingredient in welding rod, animal feed additive as well as to prepare other manganese salts and pharmaceuticals.
Manganese Carbonate is also used in medicine as a hematinic and in health foods, in flux and in concrete stains.
Manganese Carbonate is used as an additive to plant fertilizers to cure manganese deficient crops.


Manganese Carbonate is used in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.
Manganese Carbonate has many grades: Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP Grade (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia).


Other Uses other than pharmaceutical usage: Manganese Carbonate is used for metal surface treatment, for preparation of other manganese salts and in the welding industry.
Manganese Carbonate is used as an additive to plant fertilizers, glaze colorant in ceramics, pigment and drier for varnishes.


Manganese Carbonate is also used as an ingredient in welding rod, animal feed additive as well as to prepare other manganese salts and pharmaceuticals.
Manganese Carbonate is also used in medicine as a hematinic and in health foods, in flux and in concrete stains.
Manganese Carbonate is mainly used for producing magnetic materials.


Manganese Carbonate is used synthetic manganese dioxide.
Manganese Carbonate is used manufacturing organic manganous salts.
Manganese Carbonate is used paint dryer


Manganese Carbonate is used stocks or desulfurate cataluzer. Manganese Carbonate is used porcelain/ceramic glaze and electrode
Manganese Carbonate is extensively applied as an additive to plant fertilizers to cure manganese deficient crops.
Manganese Carbonate is also used in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.


Pharmaceutically, Manganese Carbonate is utilized in medicines as a hematinic.
Manganese Carbonate is widely used as desulfurization catalyst, enamel pigment, manganese salt raw materials, also used in fertilizer, medicine, feed additives, electrode accessories


Manganese Carbonate is widely used as an additive to plant fertilizers, in clay and ceramics, concrete, and occasionally in dry-cell batteries.
Manganese Carbonate is used as a pigment (manganese white), drier for varnishes, animal feed additive, welding rod ingredient, and to make other manganese salts and pharmaceuticals.


-In ceramics, Manganese Carbonate is used to create metallic, black, brown or purple/plum glazes.
Manganese Carbonate decomposes on heating to MnO2 and CO2; must be heated above 1080 C to decompose MnO2 to MnO.
Source of manganese in glazes.

Carbonate is weaker but better dispersed than oxide or dioxide.
The result is a brown color.
Purple colors are obtained with alkaline flux or lead.

Flux with aluminum oxide is used to give a pink color (which is fire resistant).
A metallic tint can be produced by mixing in larger quantities with copper, e.g. Reynolds Gold Metallic glaze.


-In cosmetics, Manganese Carbonate is used in the form of white dyes, in this case listed as CI 77713.
As an active substance, Manganese Carbonate is used as a binder or absorbent.
Manganese Carbonate also allows the PH of products to be regulated.

Manganese Carbonate has a restriction of use in Europe: IV/139.
Main functions of Manganese Carbonate: Absorbent: Absorbs water (or oil) in dissolved or fine form.

Binding agent: Manganese Carbonate allows the combination of various cosmetic ingredients.
Volumetric: Manganese Carbonate veduces the apparent density of cosmetics.
Cosmetic coloring: coloring of cosmetics and/or coloring of the skin.

Transparency regulator: Manganese Carbonate reduces the transparency or opacity of cosmetics.
Most common concentrations of Manganese Carbonate in cosmetics is 0,65%.


-Metallurgy uses of Manganese Carbonate:
Manganese Carbonate is an important source of manganese for the production of ferroalloys, which are alloys of iron and manganese.
Ferroalloys are used in the steel industry to improve the strength and hardness of steel.


-Fertilizers uses of Manganese Carbonate:
Manganese is an essential nutrient for plants, and Manganese Carbonate is used as a fertilizer to supply this nutrient to the soil.
Manganese Carbonate helps in the synthesis of chlorophyll and plays a vital role in photosynthesis and overall plant growth.


-Ceramics and Glass uses of Manganese Carbonate:
Manganese Carbonate is employed in the production of ceramics and glass.
Manganese Carbonate acts as a colorant, imparting various shades of pink, purple, or brown to the final products.


-Pigments and Paints uses of Manganese Carbonate:
Manganese Carbonate is employed as a pigment in various applications, including paints, coatings, and dyes.
Manganese Carbonate can produce shades of pink, purple, and brown, depending on the concentration and the specific application.


-Chemical Industry uses of Manganese Carbonate:
Manganese Carbonate serves as a precursor for the production of other manganese compounds.
Manganese Carbonate is used in the synthesis of manganese oxide, manganese sulfate, and other manganese-based chemicals.


-Health Supplements uses of Manganese Carbonate:
Manganese Carbonate can also be found in certain dietary supplements and multivitamins.
Manganese is an essential trace mineral required for normal growth, development, and overall health.



COMPOUND TYPE OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
*Food Toxin
*Inorganic Compound
*Manganese Compound
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Pollutant



PREPARATION OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
Manganese Carbonate is mined from its naturally occurring mineral rhodochrosite.
Manganese Carbonate may be prepared in the laboratory as a palepink precipitate by adding sodium bicarbonate to a solution of manganese(II) salt saturated with carbon dioxide.

Manganese Carbonate obtained is monohydrate, MnCO3•H2O.
However, if the carbon dioxide-saturated solution, together with the above monohydrate precipitate, is heated in the absence of atmosphere oxygen, the monohydrate MnCO3•H2O is converted into the anhydrous MnCO3.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
*Organic transition metal salts
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
*Carbonic acid
*Organic transition metal salt
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organic salt
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



SOLUBILITY OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
Manganese Carbonate is almost insoluble in water, slightly soluble in water containing carbon dioxide.
Manganese Carbonate is soluble in dilute inorganic acid, slightly soluble in ordinary organic acid, insoluble in alcohol and liquid ammonia.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
*Characters rose-colored triangular rhomboid crystals or amorphous bright white brown powder.
*relative density 3.125
*solubility is almost insoluble in water, slightly soluble in water *containing carbon dioxide.
*Soluble in dilute inorganic acid, slightly soluble in common organic acids, insoluble in alcohol and liquid ammonia.



PRODUCTION AND USES OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
Treatment of aqueous solutions of manganese(II) salts with alkali metal carbonates leads to precipitation of this faintly pink solid.
The carbonate is insoluble in water but, like most carbonates, hydrolyses upon treatment with acids to give water-soluble salts.
Manganese Carbonate decomposes with release of carbon dioxide at 200 °C to give manganese(II) oxide:

MnCO3 → MnO + CO2
This method is sometimes employed in the production of manganese dioxide for dry-cell batteries and for ferrites.

Manganese Carbonate is widely used as an additive to plant fertilizers to cure manganese deficient crops.
Manganese Carbonate is also used in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
» Pink to almost white powder when freshly precipitated; It is in the form of a rhombus, calcite structure.
Manganese Carbonate is a water insoluble Manganese source that can easily be converted to other Manganese compounds, such as the oxide by heating (calcination).

Carbonate compounds also give off carbon dioxide when treated with dilute acids.
Manganese Carbonate is generally immediately available in most volumes.
Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.

Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.
American Elements produces to many standard grades when applicable, including Mil Spec (military grade); ACS, Reagent and Technical Grade; Food, Agricultural and Pharmaceutical Grade; Optical Grade, USP and EP/BP (European Pharmacopoeia/British Pharmacopoeia) and follows applicable ASTM testing standards.

Typical and custom packaging is available.
Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.



PRODUCTION AND USES OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
Treatment of aqueous solutions of manganese(II) salts with alkali metal carbonates leads to precipitation of this faintly pink solid.
Manganese Carbonate is insoluble in water but, like most carbonates, hydrolyses upon treatment with acids to give water-soluble salts.
Manganese Carbonate will decompose, releasing CO2 at 200 °C to give manganese(II) oxide:

Here is the reaction formula:
MnCO3 → MnO + CO2
This method is sometimes used in the production of manganese dioxide for dry-cell batteries and for ferrites.



REACTIONS AND USES OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
The carbonate is insoluble in water but, like most carbonates, hydrolyses upon treatment with acids to give water-soluble salts.
Manganese Carbonate decomposes with release of carbon dioxide, i.e. calcining, at 200 °C to give MnO1.88:

MnCO3 + 0.44 O2 → MnO1.8 + CO2
This method is sometimes employed in the production of manganese dioxide, which is used in dry-cell batteries and for ferrites.

Manganese Carbonate is widely used as an additive to plant fertilizers to cure manganese deficient crops.
Manganese Carbonate is also used in health foods, in ceramics as a glaze colorant and flux, and in concrete stains.

Manganese Carbonate is used in medicine as a hematinic.
Rhodochrosite is a mineral with formula of Mn2+CO3 or Mn(CO3).
The corresponding IMA (International Mineralogical Association) number is IMA1962 s.p..
The IMA symbol is Rds.



STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTION OF MANGANESE CARBONATE:
Manganese Carbonate adopts a structure like calcite, consisting of manganese(II) ions in an octahedral coordination geometry.
Treatment of aqueous solutions of manganese(II) nitrate with ammonia and carbon dioxide leads to precipitation of this faintly pink solid.
The side product, ammonium nitrate is used as fertilizer.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MANGANESE CARBONATE:
Chemical Formula: CH2MnO3
Average Molecular Mass: 116.963 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.938 g/mol
CAS Registry Number: 598-62-9
IUPAC Name: carbonic acid manganese
Traditional Name: carbonic acid manganese
SMILES: [Mn].OC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/CH2O3.Mn/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);
InChI Key: SDPBZSAJSUJVAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point: 350°C (decomposition)
Color: Brown to Violet
Physical Form: Powder
Assay Percent Range: 99.99% (metals basis)
Solubility Information: Soluble in water (0.065 g/L),
dilute inorganic acids.

Insoluble in alcohol.
Formula Weight: 114.95
Odor: Odorless
Appearance: Light brown to violet powder
Density: 3.125
Chemical Name or Material: Manganese(II) carbonate
CAS: 598-62-9
EINECS: 209-942-9
InChI: InChI=1/CH2O3.Mn/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2
Molecular Formula: CMnO3
Molar Mass: 114.95
Density: 3.12 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)
Melting Point: 350°C (dec.)
Water Solubility: Soluble in water (0.065 g/L),
dilute inorganic acids.
Insoluble in alcohol.

Appearance: Pink to white-like powder
Specific Gravity: 3.125
Color: Light brown to violet
Solubility Product Constant (Ksp): pKsp: 10.63
Merck: 14,5726
Storage Condition: Room Temperature
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
May be moisture sensitive.
Sensitive: Easily absorbing moisture
MDL: MFCD00011116
Density: 3.12 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 333.6°C at 760 mmHg

Melting Point: 350°C (dec.)
Molecular Formula: CMnO3
Molecular Weight: 114.947
Flash Point: 169.8°C
Exact Mass: 114.922791
PSA: 63.19000
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
May be moisture sensitive
Chemical formula: MnCO3
Molar mass: 114.95 g/mol
Appearance: White to faint pink solid
Density: 3.12 g/cm³
Melting point: 200–300 °C (392–572 °F; 473–573 K), decomposes

Solubility in water: negligible
Solubility product (Ksp): 2.24 x 10⁻¹¹
Solubility: soluble in dilute acid, CO₂; insoluble in alcohol, ammonia
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): +11,400·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.597 (20 °C, 589 nm)
Crystal structure: hexagonal-rhombohedral
Heat capacity (C): 94.8 J/mol·K
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 109.5 J/mol·K
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -881.7 kJ/mol
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵): -811.4 kJ/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0

Exact Mass: 114.922787 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 114.922787 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 63.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 5
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 18.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: powder

Color: light brown
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: > 450 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available

Relative density: 3.27 at 22 °C
Water solubility: 0.00363 g/L at 20 °C - slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
Not applicable for inorganic substances
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available;
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available

Molecular Formula: MnCO3
EC / List no.: 209-942-9
CAS no.: 598-62-9
Molecular weight: 114.947 g/mol
Compound Formula: CMnO3
Molecular Weight: 114.95
Appearance: Light brown powder
Melting Point: >200 °C
Boiling Point: N/A
Density: 3.12 g/cm³
Solubility in H2O: N/A
Exact Mass: 114.922793
Monoisotopic Mass: 114.922791 Da
Linear Formula: MnCO3
MDL Number: MFCD00011116

EC No.: 209-942-9
Beilstein/Reaxys No.: N/A
Pubchem CID: 11726
IUPAC Name: manganese(2+) carbonate
SMILES: [Mn+2].[O-]C([O-])=O
InchI Identifier: InChI=1S/CH2O3.Mn/c2-1(3)4;/h(H2,2,3,4);/q;+2/p-2
InchI Key: XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
CBNumber: CB5135235
Molecular Formula: CMnO3
Molecular Weight: 114.95
MDL Number: MFCD00011116
MOL File: 598-62-9.mol
Melting point: 350°C (dec.)
Density: 3.12 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)

Solubility: dilute aqueous acid: slightly soluble (lit.)
Form: Powder
Specific Gravity: 3.125
Color: Light brown to violet
Water Solubility: Soluble in water (0.065 g/L), dilute inorganic acids.
Insoluble in alcohol.
Merck: 14,5726
Solubility Product Constant (Ksp): pKsp: 10.63
Exposure limits: ACGIH: TWA 0.02 mg/m³; TWA 0.1 mg/m³ OSHA:
Ceiling 5 mg/m³ NIOSH: IDLH 500 mg/m³; TWA 1 mg/m³; STEL 3 mg/m³
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents.
May be moisture sensitive.

LogP: -0.809 (est)
FDA 21 CFR: 582.80
CAS DataBase Reference: 598-62-9 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 9ZV57512ZM
EPA Substance Registry System: Manganese carbonate (1:1) (598-62-9)
CAS: 598-62-9
Molecular Formula: CMnO3
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 114.946
MDL Number: MFCD00011116
InChI Key: XMWCXZJXESXBBY-UHFFFAOYSA-L
PubChem CID: 11726
IUPAC Name: manganese(2+); carbonate
SMILES: C(=O)([O-])[O-].[Mn+2]



FIRST AID MEASURES of MANGANESE CARBONATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MANGANESE CARBONATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MANGANESE CARBONATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MANGANESE CARBONATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MANGANESE CARBONATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MANGANESE CARBONATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

MANGANESE DIOXIDE Manganese dioxide Manganese dioxide Manganese(IV) oxideMn4O2 Rutile-unit-cell-3D-balls.png Names IUPAC names Manganese oxide Manganese(IV) oxide Other names Pyrolusite, hyperoxide of manganese, black oxide of manganese, manganic oxide Identifiers CAS Number 1313-13-9 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image ChEBI CHEBI:136511 ☒ ChemSpider 14117 check ECHA InfoCard 100.013.821 Edit this at Wikidata EC Number 215-202-6 PubChem CID 14801 RTECS number OP0350000 UNII TF219GU161 check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID6042109 Edit this at Wikidata InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula MnO 2 Molar mass 86.9368 g/mol Appearance Brown-black solid Density 5.026 g/cm3 Melting point 535 °C (995 °F; 808 K) (decomposes) Solubility in water insoluble Magnetic susceptibility (χ) +2280.0·10−6 cm3/mol[1] Structure[2] Crystal structure Tetragonal, tP6, No. 136 Space group P42/mnm Lattice constant a = 0.44008 nm, b = 0.44008 nm, c = 0.28745 nm Formula units (Z) 2 Thermochemistry[3] Heat capacity (C) 54.1 J·mol−1·K−1 Std molar entropy (So298) 53.1 J·mol−1·K−1 Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) −520.0 kJ·mol−1 Gibbs free energy (ΔfG˚) −465.1 kJ·mol−1 Hazards Safety data sheet ICSC 0175 EU classification (DSD) (outdated) Harmful (Xn) Oxidizer (O) R-phrases (outdated) R20/22 S-phrases (outdated) (S2), S25 NFPA 704 (fire diamond) NFPA 704 four-colored diamond 112OX Flash point 535 °C (995 °F; 808 K) Related compounds Other anions Manganese disulfide Other cations Technetium dioxide Rhenium dioxide Related manganese oxides Manganese(II) oxide Manganese(II,III) oxide Manganese(III) oxide Manganese heptoxide Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) Infobox references Manganese(IV) oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula MnO 2. This blackish or brown solid occurs naturally as the mineral pyrolusite, which is the main ore of manganese and a component of manganese nodules. The principal use for MnO2 is for dry-cell batteries, such as the alkaline battery and the zinc-carbon battery.[4] MnO2 is also used as a pigment and as a precursor to other manganese compounds, such as KMnO4. It is used as a reagent in organic synthesis, for example, for the oxidation of allylic alcohols. MnO2 in the α polymorph can incorporate a variety of atoms (as well as water molecules) in the "tunnels" or "channels" between the manganese oxide octahedra. There is considerable interest in α-MnO2 as a possible cathode for lithium ion batteries.[5][6] Structure Several polymorphs of MnO 2 are claimed, as well as a hydrated form. Like many other dioxides, MnO 2 crystallizes in the rutile crystal structure (this polymorph is called pyrolusite or β-MnO 2), with three-coordinate oxide and octahedral metal centres.[4] MnO 2 is characteristically nonstoichiometric, being deficient in oxygen. The complicated solid-state chemistry of this material is relevant to the lore of "freshly prepared" MnO 2 in organic synthesis.[citation needed] The α-polymorph of MnO 2 has a very open structure with "channels" which can accommodate metal atoms such as silver or barium. α-MnO 2 is often called hollandite, after a closely related mineral. Production Naturally occurring manganese dioxide contains impurities and a considerable amount of manganese(III) oxide. Only a limited number of deposits contain the γ modification in purity sufficient for the battery industry. Production of batteries and ferrite (two of the primary uses of manganese dioxide) requires high purity manganese dioxide. Batteries require "electrolytic manganese dioxide" while ferrites require "chemical manganese dioxide".[7] Chemical manganese dioxide One method starts with natural manganese dioxide and converts it using dinitrogen tetroxide and water to a manganese(II) nitrate solution. Evaporation of the water leaves the crystalline nitrate salt. At temperatures of 400 °C, the salt decomposes, releasing N 2O 4 and leaving a residue of purified manganese dioxide.[7] These two steps can be summarized as: MnO 2 + N 2O 4 ⇌ Mn(NO 3) 2 In another process manganese dioxide is carbothermically reduced to manganese(II) oxide which is dissolved in sulfuric acid. The filtered solution is treated with ammonium carbonate to precipitate MnCO 3. The carbonate is calcined in air to give a mixture of manganese(II) and manganese(IV) oxides. To complete the process, a suspension of this material in sulfuric acid is treated with sodium chlorate. Chloric acid, which forms in situ, converts any Mn(III) and Mn(II) oxides to the dioxide, releasing chlorine as a by-product.[7] A third process involves manganese heptoxide and manganese monoxide. The two reagents combine with a 1:3 ratio to form manganese dioxide: Mn 2O 7 + 3 MnO → 5 MnO 2 Lastly, the action of potassium permanganate over manganese sulfate crystals produces the desired oxide.[8] 2 KMnO 4 + 3 MnSO 4 + 2 H 2O→ 5 MnO 2 + K 2SO 4 + 2 H 2SO 4 Electrolytic manganese dioxide Electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) is used in zinc–carbon batteries together with zinc chloride and ammonium chloride. EMD is commonly used in zinc manganese dioxide rechargeable alkaline (Zn RAM) cells also. For these applications, purity is extremely important. EMD is produced in a similar fashion as electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) copper: The manganese dioxide is dissolved in sulfuric acid (sometimes mixed with manganese sulfate) and subjected to a current between two electrodes. The MnO2 dissolves, enters solution as the sulfate, and is deposited on the anode. Reactions The important reactions of MnO 2 are associated with its redox, both oxidation and reduction. Reduction MnO 2 is the principal precursor to ferromanganese and related alloys, which are widely used in the steel industry. The conversions involve carbothermal reduction using coke:[citation needed] MnO 2 + 2 C → Mn + 2 CO The key reactions of MnO 2 in batteries is the one-electron reduction: MnO 2 + e− + H+ → MnO(OH) MnO 2 catalyses several reactions that form O 2. In a classical laboratory demonstration, heating a mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide produces oxygen gas. Manganese dioxide also catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water: 2 H 2O 2 → 2 H 2O + O 2 Manganese dioxide decomposes above about 530 °C to manganese(III) oxide and oxygen. At temperatures close to 1000 °C, the mixed-valence compound Mn 3O 4 forms. Higher temperatures give MnO. Hot concentrated sulfuric acid reduces the MnO 2 to manganese(II) sulfate:[4] 2 MnO 2 + 2 H 2SO 4 → 2 MnSO 4 + O 2 + 2 H 2O The reaction of hydrogen chloride with MnO 2 was used by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in the original isolation of chlorine gas in 1774: MnO 2 + 4 HCl → MnCl 2 + Cl 2 + 2 H 2O As a source of hydrogen chloride, Scheele treated sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid.[4] Eo (MnO 2(s) + 4 H+ + 2 e− ⇌ Mn2+ + 2 H 2O) = +1.23 V Eo (Cl 2(g) + 2 e− ⇌ 2 Cl−) = +1.36 V The standard electrode potentials for the half reactions indicate that the reaction is endothermic at pH = 0 (1 M [H+ ]), but it is favoured by the lower pH as well as the evolution (and removal) of gaseous chlorine. This reaction is also a convenient way to remove the manganese dioxide precipitate from the ground glass joints after running a reaction (i. e., an oxidation with potassium permanganate). Oxidation Heating a mixture of KOH and MnO 2 in air gives green potassium manganate: 2 MnO 2 + 4 KOH + O 2 → 2 K 2MnO 4 + 2 H 2O Potassium manganate is the precursor to potassium permanganate, a common oxidant. Applications The predominant application of MnO 2 is as a component of dry cell batteries: alkaline batteries and so called Leclanché cell, or zinc–carbon batteries. Approximately 500,000 tonnes are consumed for this application annually.[9] Other industrial applications include the use of MnO 2 as an inorganic pigment in ceramics and in glassmaking. Organic synthesis A specialized use of manganese dioxide is as oxidant in organic synthesis.[10] The effectiveness of the reagent depends on the method of preparation, a problem that is typical for other heterogeneous reagents where surface area, among other variables, is a significant factor.[11] The mineral pyrolusite makes a poor reagent. Usually, however, the reagent is generated in situ by treatment of an aqueous solution KMnO 4 with a Mn(II) salt, typically the sulfate. MnO 2 oxidizes allylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones:[12] cis-RCH=CHCH 2OH + MnO 2 → cis-RCH=CHCHO + MnO + H 2O The configuration of the double bond is conserved in the reaction. The corresponding acetylenic alcohols are also suitable substrates, although the resulting propargylic aldehydes can be quite reactive. Benzylic and even unactivated alcohols are also good substrates. 1,2-Diols are cleaved by MnO 2 to dialdehydes or diketones. Otherwise, the applications of MnO 2 are numerous, being applicable to many kinds of reactions including amine oxidation, aromatization, oxidative coupling, and thiol oxidation. See also List of inorganic pigments Manganese dioxide is a manganese molecular entity with formula MnO2. It is a manganese molecular entity and a metal oxide. Molecular Weight of Manganese dioxide: 86.937 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of Manganese dioxide: 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of Manganese dioxide: 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of Manganese dioxide: 0 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of Manganese dioxide: 86.927872 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of Manganese dioxide: 86.927872 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of Manganese dioxide: 34.1 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of Manganese dioxide: 3 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of Manganese dioxide: 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of Manganese dioxide: 18.3 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of Manganese dioxide: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of Manganese dioxide: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of Manganese dioxide: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of Manganese dioxide: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of Manganese dioxide: 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of Manganese dioxide: 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of Manganese dioxide is Canonicalized : Yes sites in France have yielded large numbers of small black blocs. The usual interpretation is that these ‘manganese oxides’ were collected for their colouring properties and used in body decoration, potentially for symbolic expression. Neanderthals habitually used fire and if they needed black material for decoration, soot and charcoal were readily available, whereas obtaining manganese oxides would have incurred considerably higher costs. Compositional analyses lead us to infer that late Neanderthals at Pech-de-l’Azé I were deliberately selecting manganese dioxide. Combustion experiments and thermo-gravimetric measurements demonstrate that manganese dioxide reduces wood’s auto-ignition temperature and substantially increases the rate of char combustion, leading us to conclude that the most beneficial use for manganese dioxide was in fire-making. With archaeological evidence for fire places and the conversion of the manganese dioxide to powder, we argue that Neanderthals at Pech-de-l’Azé I used manganese dioxide in fire-making and produced fire on demand. Combustion Experiments Starting from the chemical properties of manganese dioxide, a series of statistically-designed combustion experiments were used to assess whether fire making could be facilitated using wood and either commercial manganese dioxides (coded MD4 to MD6) or powdered material from the Pech-de-l’Azé I blocs (coded MD1 to MD3). Mixtures of wood ‘turnings’ and either manganese dioxide or powdered material from Pech-de-l’Azé I blocs were either heated or contacted with spark-lit tinder; the effects were monitored on video; thermal imaging camera temperature monitoring and XRD of the residues were used in selected cases (Methods). When heated on their own, the wood turnings released volatiles and produced a small amount of char but neither the volatiles nor the char ignited and no fire resulted (Supplementary Information 3). Similarly, spark-lit tinder did not ignite the wood. By contrast, mixtures of manganese dioxide with wood ignited, both when heated and when in contact with spark-lit tinder. Ignition produced glowing combustion and, in some cases, small red flames; the volatiles did not ignite and no yellow flames were produced (Fig. 2 and Supplementary Information 3). As little as 6% by weight of manganese dioxide MD6 was sufficient to facilitate combustion. Infrared thermal imaging data showed that whilst the wood turnings did not ignite at 350 oC, the mixtures of wood turnings with manganese dioxide could ignite at temperatures from around 250 oC and sustain combustion over a surprisingly wide range of temperatures (Supplementary Information 4). In identical experiments, powdered material from the Pech-de-l’Azé I blocs (MD1, MD2 and MD3) all facilitated the ignition of wood, although one bloc (MD1) was somewhat less effective. he composition of the black blocs at Pech-de-l’Azé I potentially provides evidence for their probable use. The blocs are predominantly manganese dioxide, not romanèchite and the combustion experiments and TGA have shown that only compositions predominantly containing manganese dioxide would be useful in fire-making. Both manganese dioxide and romanèchite would be useful in decoration32, although whether either would be preferred for decoration over the less ‘costly’ soot or charcoal is debatable. Whether Neanderthals at Pech-de-l’Azé were simply collecting black blocs from one source location or were selecting manganese dioxide in preference to other black materials and from multiple sources is important to our hypothesis that they were deliberately selecting and using manganese dioxide in fire making. Although the quantities and availabilities of different manganese oxides in the Middle Palaeolithic Dordogne region are unknown, there is evidence from both modern sources and from materials collected in the Palaeolithic, for a range of ‘manganese oxide’ materials that were available within reach of Pech-de-l’Azé. Manganese ore outcrops are numerous on the edges of the Massif Central38 and whilst most of the regional manganese ores had been extracted by the early twentieth century32, an original manganese ore source exists in the limestone within a few kilometres of Pech-de-l’Azé. The source contains traces of both manganese dioxide and romanèchite32. Discovery of pyrolusite and romanèchite in a Châtelperronian context at Roc-de-Combe7, thirteen kilometres from Pech-de-l’Azé, also indicates that both materials were available to late Middle Palaeolithic Neanderthals. Pyrolusite, romanèchite, todorokite, hollandite and other black manganese oxide ores were all used in the production of Upper Palaeolithic cave wall images in the vicinity, for example at Lascaux, approximately thirty kilometres from Pech-de-l’Azé19,32,33,34, implying their availability to Palaeolithic foragers. Without appropriate data on the variation of ‘manganese oxide’ compositions within and between geological sources in the region, the full implications of the Pech-de-l’Azé I bloc compositions for provenance are unknown. Whilst it might be argued that paragenesis might have produced a very variable single source, the relative uniformity of the manganese dioxide content of the blocs contrasts with the between-sample variation in arsenic, barium, cobalt and manganite contents and suggests that the blocs were not collected from one location. Equally, the availability of a range of ‘manganese oxides’ in the region suggests that the blocs were preferentially selected, implying both a capability to recognize the characteristics of these materials - although how this was accomplished is not clear - and an end-use that required the specific properties of manganese dioxide. Pech-de-l’Azé I is not unique and active selection rather than simple collection is supported by the presence of manganese dioxide apparently associated with fire places in the Châtelperronian layers at the Grotte-du-Renne, Arcy-sur-Cure15. The black materials said to be of manganese ores at other Mousterian sites (Supplementary Information 1, Table S1) may provide further evidence when the compositions are published. Our combustion experiments have shown that manganese dioxide promotes the ignition and combustion of wood and that this is not the case with romanèchite. The Pech-de-l’Azé I blocs would have had to have been ground to powder for use in facilitating fire lighting and there is archaeological evidence for grinding in the form of a grindstone and abraded blocs at Pech-de-l’Azé I27 and at Grotte-du-Renne, Arcy-sur-Cure15. Spark-lit tinder with manganese dioxide powder is one simple yet effective means of starting wood fires with substantially lower wood auto-ignition temperatures and high rate of combustion. Other methods may be envisaged. The clear benefits for fire-promotion and the presence of manganese dioxide at Neanderthal sites are not evidence that Neanderthals sourced and used manganese dioxide for fire making purposes nor that they did not use the black material for decorative purposes. However, if different ores have similar decorative properties and Neanderthals selected black manganese oxides that have pronounced oxidizing properties compared to others, we might infer that the choices reflect a fire-related end-use and vice-versa. Chalmin32 has shown that specifically for wall ‘painting’, romanèchite produces a more consistent streak than pyrolusite and both are considerably better than manganite; if powdered and dispersed in water, these particular materials are equally effective in decoration. There is apparently no decorative reason for Neanderthals to have favoured manganese oxides over soot and charcoal, or manganese dioxide over other manganese oxides. In contrast to the “low cost” fire residues, manganese dioxides would have had to have been sourced and transported, at considerably higher costs, which calls for an explanation of such investments outside of body decoration. Our preferred hypothesis is that Neanderthals sourced, selected and transported manganese dioxide for fire making at Pech-de-l’Azé I. Whilst the emphasis here has been on the benefits in fire making, the properties of manganese dioxide could have been exploited in other ways, including improved hafting adhesives16. It is not suggested that manganese dioxide was necessary for fire making or used by Neanderthals all over their geographical range. How Neanderthals developed the innovation is unclear. In fact, the methods of fire production in the Middle Palaeolithic have not been identified39 and Neanderthals may only have collected fire from wild fires. However, the fact that fire was used as a tool to produce birch-bark pitch already from the early Middle Palaeolithic onward40,41,42 shows that Neanderthals had the capability to control fire from minimally 200,000 years ago. Such a considerable time depth of fire use would be important to a later recognition of the value of manganese dioxide in fire making. In reviewing the significance of the Female Cosmetic Coalitions (FCC) model in the context of the European Middle Palaeolithic archaeological record, Power, Sommer and Watts8 argue that black “manganese” materials were first present at Pech-de-l’Azé IV and Combe Grenal in the glacial conditions of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4. If analyses shows they are indeed manganese dioxide, these black materials would lend support to an origin in the use of manganese dioxide for fire making in the subsistence challenges of the prolonged cold conditions of MIS 4. Whilst we can envisage substantial subsistence benefits in the ability to better start, promote and control fire, fire use also comes with a wide range of social benefits and implications43. If Neanderthal engagement with materials and processes held subsistence advantages, it may also have been important in the development of complexity in social relationships. Representing fire promotion by manganese dioxide exclusively as a subsistence benefit, no matter how important, risks understating its possible social and symbolic implications43,44, even though these are notoriously difficult to study in the deep past. The selection and use of manganese dioxide for fire making is unknown from the ethnographic record of recent hunter gatherers. This unusual behaviour holds potential significance for our understanding of Neanderthal cognitive capabilities through the extent of their knowledge and insights. The actions involved in the preferential selection of a specific, non-combustible material and its use to make fire are not obvious, not intuitive and unlikely to be discovered by repetitive simple trials as might be expected for lithic fracturing, tool forming and tool use. The knowledge and insights suggested by Neanderthal selection of manganese dioxide and use in fire-making are surprising and qualitatively different from the expertise we associate with Neanderthal subsistence patterns from the archaeological record. We conclude, based on the compositions of the Pech-de-l’Azé I blocs and the availability of different black manganese oxides in the Dordogne region, that Neanderthals were preferentially selecting specifically manganese dioxide blocs. However manganese dioxide does not have clearly evident advantages in decoration over the carbon-rich materials or the other manganese oxides available to Neanderthals. From the combustion and TGA experiments, it is clear that manganese dioxide is an effective facilitator in fire making, reducing the auto-ignition temperature of wood and substantially increasing the rate of combustion. The archaeological evidence of bloc abrasion and grinding stone is consistent with the conversion to powder necessary for use in fire-starting. The intimate association of fire places and manganese dioxide blocs at Pech-de-l’Azé I suggest a use in fire making. We hypothesise that fire-making was manganese dioxide’s most beneficial distinguishing attribute available to Neanderthals. Although we should not exclude the possibility that manganese dioxide was used for decoration and social communication, the combustion, compositional and archaeological strands of evidence lead us to the conclusion that late Neanderthals at Pech-de-l’Azé I were using manganese dioxide in fire-making and by implication were producing fire on demand. Methods Materials Three commercially available manganese dioxide materials were used in the combustion experiments; two reagent grades from Sigma-Aldrich (product reference 310700, coded MD4 and product reference 217646, coded MD6) and a less pure material supplied by Minerals Water Ltd. (coded MD5). A romanèchite, hydrated barium manganese oxide material (coded MD7) from the Schneeberg mine in Saxony, Germany was also used. Its elemental composition is not inconsistent with romanèchite and the XRD-determined structure has close similarities with a romanèchite XRD reference (Supplementary Information 2). This material may not have had precisely the same properties and behaviour as romanèchite material from the Dordogne region. Three metal oxides were chosen for comparative experiments, all thermally stable oxides, aluminium oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide. All the oxide materials were reagent-grade materials from the Gorlaeus Laboratorium, University of Leiden. Elemental compositions and crystal structures of the manganese oxides are given in Supplementary Information 2. Three small blackish coloured blocs from the ‘spoil’ of early twentieth century excavations at Pech-de-l’Azé I were studied (coded MD1, MD2 and MD3). These blocs were recovered during the 2004–5 fieldwork season led by M. Soressi; they were in the excavation spoil at the entrance of the cave along with artefacts left by previous excavators, mostly in L. Capitan and D. Peyrony’s 1912 excavation. Two were grey-black pebble-like materials and the third (MD3) had a more slab-like appearance with a reddish colour overlying the grey-black material on one side. Each bloc was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDX and analyzed by XRD and XRF; approximately two grams in total were used in the combustion experiments. Ten blocs from recorded archaeological contexts in Bordes’ 1970–1 excavations and eleven from Soressi’s 2004–5 excavations were non-destructively analyzed for their XRF compositions and XRD structures. The measured sample set constitutes approximately 5% of the population of blocs when MD1 to MD3 are included. The Bordes’ blocs appeared to have facets or striations suggesting that they had been deliberately abraded. There were no clearly abraded facets on the eleven blocs selected from Soressi’s excavation contexts but there were striations on one bloc. The differences confound two variables, recovery location and apparent use, rendering the interpretation of differences more difficult. The combustible material was untreated beech wood free from bark, converted into turnings using a hand-held electric drill and 22 mm steel bit. Cotton wool and Ulmus sp. seed were used as tinder materials. Combustion Experiments In the combustion experiments, small amounts of the beech wood turnings (1.5 g) or mixtures of beech (1.5 g) with manganese dioxide (0.1 g to 0.5 g) or powdered materials from the Pech-de-l’Azé I blocs or other oxides were placed on a fine steel gauze on a stand within a fume cupboard in a gentle air stream (see Fig. 2). The mixture was heated from below by the flame of a 9.5 cm Sakerhets Tandstickor for fifteen seconds; in some cases the heating time was extended to thirty seconds with a second match. The flame was unable to penetrate the gauze and served to heat the wood via the gauze. For some experiments a Swedish Firesteel 2.0 was used as a source of sparks to light a 0.1 g piece of tinder placed on the surface of the beech turnings. Wherever possible, multiple replication runs were used to validate the outcomes, control runs of beech alone or beech mixed with MD4 or MD6 were used in each phase. In total 120 experimental runs were completed. The effects were recorded on high definition video. In some experiments the whole combustion process of approximately ten minutes was monitored using either a FLIR A35 or a FLIR T450 thermal imaging camera and combustion temperatures recorded. The temperature data were analyzed using FLIR ResearchIR version 3.4 software (Supplementary Information 4). Thermo-gravimetric Analysis Methodology Thermo-gravimetric differential thermal analysis was performed in nitrogen or air atmospheres using a TA-Instruments SDTQ600. A typical sample mass of 12–15 mg was heated to the desired temperature at a ramp rate of 5 °C/min in a total flow rate of 100 ml/min. Beech wood used for the impregnations was ground and sieved to 90 μm. The ground wood (200 mg) was mixed with manganese dioxide to yield 1% by weight, 9% by weight and 23% by weight of manganese dioxide and wood samples. After addition of manganese dioxide the sample was moistened by 1 ml of de-ionized water mixed and oven dried at 60 °C for five hours.

malic acid; D-Apple Acid; (+-)-Hydroxysuccinic acid; (+-)-Malic acid; Deoxytetraric Acid; Malic acid; 2-Hydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid; Deoxytetraric acid; Hydroxybutandisaeure; Hydroxybutanedioic acid; (+-)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid; Hydroxysuccinic acid; Kyselina hydroxybutandiova; Monohydroxybernsteinsaeure; Pomalus acid; R,S(+-)-Malic acid; alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid; (+-)-1-Hydroxy-1,2-ethanedicarboxylic acid; CAS NO: 6915-15-7

mango butter, Mangifera indica seed butter, Cas : 90063-86-8 , EC : 290-045-4

Manganese(II) sulfate is composed of manganese (Mn) in its +2 oxidation state and sulfate ions (SO4^2-).
Manganese(II) sulfate is commonly encountered as the monohydrate MnSO4·H2O, but it can also exist as the anhydrous form (MnSO4) or as other hydrates.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a pale pink, crystalline solid that dissolves readily in water.

CAS Number: 7785-87-7
Molecular Formula: MnO4S
Molecular Weight: 151
EINECS Number: 232-089-9

Manganese sulphate, Manganese(II) sulfate, 7785-87-7, Manganous sulfate, Manganese sulfate anhydrous, Sorba-spray Mn, Man-Gro, Manganese(2+) sulfate, Manganese monosulfate, MnSO4, Sorba-Spray Manganese, 10124-55-7, Manganese(2+) sulfate (1:1), Manganese sulfate (1:1), Manganese sulfate (MnSO4), manganese(2+);sulfate, CCRIS 6916, HSDB 2187, NCI C61143, EINECS 232-089-9, UNII-IGA15S9H40, IGA15S9H40, Manganese(II) sulfate (1:1), EC 232-089-9, MANGANOUS SULFATE ANHYDROUS, MANGANESE SULPHATE ANHYDROUS, MANGANESE SULFATE, ANHYDROUS, MANGANESE SULFATE (ANHYDROUS), MANGANI(II) SULFAS ANHYDRICUS, MANGANESE(2+) SULPHATE (1:1), Sulfuric acid, manganese salt, Sulfato de manganeso, Sulfuric acid, manganese (II) salt (1:1), EINECS 233-342-6, Manganese(II)sulfate, manganese(II) sulphate, manganese(2+) sulphate, MANGANESE (AS SULFATE), MANGANESE SULFATE [MI], DTXSID9044160, CHEBI:86360, Manganese(II) sulfate (MnSO4), DTXSID901015429, MANGANESE SULFATE [WHO-DD], AKOS015904462, MANGANESE (AS SULFATE) [VANDF], MANGANESE SULFATE ANHYDROUS [HSDB], PD077813, M3394, NS00075699.

Manganese(II) sulfate is a moderately water and acid soluble Manganese source for uses compatible with sulfates.
Sulfate compounds are salts or esters of sulfuric acid formed by replacing one or both of the hydrogens with a metal.
Most metal sulfate compounds are readily soluble in water for uses such as water treatment, unlike fluorides and oxides which tend to be insoluble.

Manganese(II) sulfate forms are soluble in organic solutions and sometimes in both aqueous and organic solutions.
Metallic ions can also be dispersed utilizing suspended or coated nanoparticles and deposited utilizing sputtering targets and evaporation materials for uses such as solar cells and fuel cells.
Manganese(II) sulfate is generally immediately available in most volumes.

Ultra high purity and high purity compositions improve both optical quality and usefulness as scientific standards.
Nanoscale elemental powders and suspensions, as alternative high surface area forms, may be considered.
Typical and custom packaging is available.

Additional technical, research and safety (MSDS) information is available as is a Reference Calculator for converting relevant units of measurement.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula MnSO4.
Manganese(II) sulfate is also known as manganese sulfate or manganous sulfate.

Manganese(II) sulfate is the manganese salt of sulfate.
Manganese(II) sulfate is an important precursor for the preparation of other manganese metal (e.g. manganese dioxide used in dry-cell batteries) and other chemical compounds.
Manganese(II) sulfate is also an essential trace element which can be supplemented to the soils for plants as well as the feed for animals and livestock.

Manganese(II) sulfate is also a useful trace element for medium of microbes.
Manganese(II) sulfate can be manufactured through the reaction between manganese dioxide and sulfur dioxide or between potassium permanganate with sodium hydrogen sulfate and hydrogen peroxide.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a pink crystalline solid.

Manganese(II) sulfate occurs in nature as several mineral forms, jokokuite, pentahydrite, szmikite, and mallardite.
Manganese(II) sulfate is used in industrial applications such as dyeing, porcelain glazing, and the manufacture of fertilizers and boiling oils.
In biochemistry, Manganese(II) sulfate is found in various superoxide dismutases.

Manganese(II) sulfate is used as a source of manganese ion in biological research, such as in culturing of Bacillus licheniformis and the induction of chromosomal abnormalities in plants.
Manganese(II) sulfate tetrahydrate is an essential mineral used in capsule, tablet and liquid form, which provides essential nutrients like vitamin, protein and in similar nutritional substance.
Manganese(II) sulfate undergoes electrolysis to give manganese dioxide.

Upon oxidation, it gives chemical manganese dioxide (CMD) and finds application in dry- cell batteries.
Manganese(II) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4·H2O.
This pale pink deliquescent solid is a commercially significant manganese(II) salt.

Approximately 260,000 tonnes of manganese(II) sulfate were produced worldwide in 2005.
Manganese(II) sulfate is the precursor to manganese metal and many other chemical compounds.
Manganese(II) sulfate soil is remediated with this salt.

Like many metal sulfates, manganese sulfate forms a variety of hydrates: monohydrate, tetrahydrate, pentahydrate, and heptahydrate.
All of these salts dissolve in water to give faintly pink solutions of the aquo complex [Mn(H2O)6]2+.
The structure of MnSO4·H2O has been determined by X-ray crystallography (see figure).

The tetrahydrate also features Manganese(II) sulfate in an O6 coordination sphere provided by bridging two sulfate anions and four aquo ligands.
Typically, Manganese(II) sulfate ores are purified by their conversion to manganese(II) sulfate.
Treatment of aqueous solutions of the sulfate with sodium carbonate leads to precipitation of manganese carbonate, which can be calcined to give the oxides MnOx.

In the laboratory, manganese sulfate can be made by treating manganese dioxide with sulfur dioxide:[4]
MnO2 + SO2 + H2O → MnSO4(H2O)
Manganese(II) sulfate can also be made by mixing potassium permanganate with sodium bisulfate and hydrogen peroxide.

Manganese(II) sulfate is a by-product of various industrially significant oxidations that use manganese dioxide, including the manufacture of hydroquinone and anisaldehyde.
Electrolysis of Manganese(II) sulfate reverses the above reaction yielding manganese dioxide, which is called EMD for electrolytic manganese dioxide.
Alternatively oxidation of manganese sulfate with potassium permanganate yields the so-called chemical manganese dioxide (CMD).

These materials, especially EMD, are used in dry-cell batteries.
Manganese(II) sulfate is the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4.
This colourless deliquescent solid is a commercially significant manganese(II) salt.

Approximately 260M kg/y were produced worldwide in 2005.
Manganese(II) sulfate is the precursor to manganese metal and many chemical compounds.
Manganese(II) sulfate soil is remediated with this salt.

Manganese(II) sulfate is the sulfate salt of manganese, with the formula MnSO4.
Although the anhydrous salt is white, its hydrates are pinkish in color.
Manganese(II) sulfate will precipitate as manganese hydroxide when mixed with a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide.

Manganese(II) sulfate is a pinkish crystalline salt, soluble in water, as well as primary alcohols, though insoluble in aprotic solvents, such as benzene or diethyl ether.
Manganese(II) sulfate is most often encountered as monohydrate form, though other hydrates, like tetrahydrate, pentahydrate, and heptahydrate also exist.
Manganese(II) sulfate is sold by various chemical suppliers.

Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate is available as fertilizer and can be found in many gardening stores, or online.
Manganese(II) sulfate tetrahydrate is an essential mineral used in capsule, tablet and liquid form, which provides essential nutrients like vitamin, protein and in similar nutritional substance.
Manganese(II) sulfate undergoes electrolysis to give manganese dioxide.

Upon oxidation, it gives chemical manganese dioxide (CMD) and finds application in dry- cell batteries.
Manganese(II) sulfate, also known as manganous sulfate, is a chemical compound.
Manganese(II) sulfate contains manganese in its +2 oxidation state.

Manganese(II) sulfate contains manganese and sulfate ions.
Its chemical formula is MnSO4.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a pink crystalline solid.

Manganese(II) sulfate normally is bonded with some water molecules.
Manganese(II) sulfate is part of a process to make manganese metal.
Manganese(II) sulfate can be made separately though.

If sulfur dioxide and manganese dioxide are reacted, it produces manganese(II) sulfate.
Manganese(II) sulfate reacts with potassium permanganate to make manganese dioxide.
Manganese(II) sulfate is used to add manganese to soil.

Manganese(II) sulfate is a chemical compound with the formula MnSO4.
Manganese(II) sulfate appears as a white crystalline solid that can be dissolved in water to form a blue solution.
Manganese(II) sulfate is used as an experimental solubility data for other compounds and it has been shown to have antimicrobial properties.

Manganese(II) sulfate is also used in the production of phosphate fertilizers, as it has been shown to inhibit enzymes that catalyze the conversion of phosphates into orthophosphates.
Manganese(II) sulfate reacts with citrate ions to produce manganous citrate, which can then react with hydrogen peroxide to form manganous peroxide.
This reaction mechanism may be responsible for the formation of manganese oxide, which is used in the manufacture of zirconium oxide.

Manganese(II) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4-H2O.
This pale pink solid is a commercially important salt of manganese (II).
Manganese(II) sulfate is the precursor of manganese metal and many other chemical compounds.

In dry type batteries, Manganese(II) sulfate is produced from manganese sulfate by electrolysis, called electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD).
When Manganese(II) sulfate is oxidized with potassium permanganate, so-called chemical manganese dioxide (CMD) is produced.
These materials, in particular EMD, are used in dry cell batteries.

In agriculture, Manganese(II) sulfate is used for manganese deficiency or prophylaxis.
Manganese(II) sulfate deficiency is a plant disorder that is often confused with, and occurs in association with, iron deficiency.
Manganese(II) sulfate is most common in swampy soils and where organic matter content is high.

Manganese(II) sulfate may be unavailable to plants with high pH.
Onions, apples, peas, French beans, cherries and raspberries may be affected by deficiency, with symptoms including yellowing leaves with small areas of green.
The plant may appear healthy as new leaf growth may appear normal.

Brown spots on the leaf surfaces may occur and severely affected leaves will turn brown and die back.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a salt that is typically produced by the reaction of manganese dioxide (MnO2) with sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Manganese(II) sulfate is soluble in water, and its aqueous solution is acidic.

Manganese(II) sulfate can form various hydrates, with the monohydrate (MnSO4·H2O) being the most common form.
Manganese(II) sulfate is primarily used in industrial processes such as metal finishing, textile dyeing, and the production of fertilizers and animal feed supplements.
Manganese(II) sulfate is also employed in the manufacturing of ceramics, paints, inks, and other chemical products.

In agriculture, manganese(II) sulfate is utilized as a micronutrient fertilizer to address manganese deficiency in soils.
Manganese(II) sulfate is an essential trace element for plants, playing a vital role in photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and overall plant growth and development.
Manganese(II) sulfate is commonly used as a reagent in laboratory experiments and chemical analyses.

Manganese(II) sulfate can serve as a source of manganese ions in various reactions and synthesis processes, particularly those involving coordination chemistry and redox reactions.
Manganese(II) sulfate solutions are employed in electroplating processes to deposit manganese coatings onto metal surfaces.
These coatings provide corrosion resistance, improve surface hardness, and enhance the aesthetic appearance of the plated materials.

Manganese(II) sulfate is a key component in the production of dry-cell batteries, such as alkaline batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
Manganese(II) sulfate is utilized as an electrolyte additive to enhance battery performance and longevity.
Manganese(II) sulfate is an essential nutrient for human health, playing roles in metabolism, bone formation, and antioxidant defense.

While manganese sulfate itself is not typically consumed directly as a nutritional supplement, it contributes to the manganese content in food and feed products.
Like other metal sulfates, manganese(II) sulfate can pose environmental risks if released into the environment in large quantities.
Proper handling, storage, and disposal practices are necessary to prevent contamination of soil, water, and air.

Manganese(II) sulfate is subject to regulations and guidelines governing its production, handling, transportation, and use.
Regulatory agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) establish standards to ensure its safe manufacture and application.

Melting point: 700°C
Boiling point: decomposes at 850℃ [HAW93]
Density: 3.250
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
form: white orthorhombic crystals
color: white orthorhombic crystals, crystalline
Water Solubility: g/100g solution H2O: 34.6 (0°C), 39.2 (25°C), 26.1 (100.7°C); solid phase, MnSO4 · 7H2O (0°C), MnSO4 ·H2O (25°C, 100.7°C) [KRU93]
LogP: -1.031 (est)

Manganese(II) sulfate minerals are very rare in nature and always occur as hydrates.
The monohydrate is called szmikite; the tetrahydrate is called ilesite; the pentahydrate is called jōkokuite; the hexahydrate, the most rare, is called chvaleticeite; and the heptahydrate is called mallardite.
A metal sulfate in which the metal component is manganese in the +2 oxidation state.

Also known as manganous sulfate, MnS04,4H20 is water-soluble, translucent, efflorescent rose-red prisms which melt at 30°C.
Manganese(II) sulfate is used in medicine,textile printing,and ceramics,as a fungicide and fertilizer, and in paint manufacture.
Manganese(II) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4·H2O.

This pale pink deliquescent solid is a commercially significant manganese(II) salt.
Approximately 260,000 tonnes of manganese(II) sulfate were produced worldwide in 2005.
Manganese(II) sulfate is the precursor to manganese metal and many other chemical compounds.

Manganese-deficient soil is remediated with this salt.
Manganese(II) sulfate usually refers to the inorganic compound with the formula MnSO4·H2O.
This pale pink deliquescent solid is a commercially significant manganese(II) salt.

Approximately 260,000 tonnes of manganese(II) sulfate were produced worldwide in 2005.
Manganese(II) sulfate is the precursor to manganese metal and many other chemical compounds.
Manganese-deficient soil is remediated with this salt.

Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate acts as a colorant in dyes.
Manganese(II) sulfate is used in the preparation of manganese and manganese dioxide.
Manganese(II) sulfate finds application for remediation of manganese-deficient soil.

Manganese(II) sulfate is also used in dry-cell batteries.
Manganese(II) sulfate contains one Manganese (Mn), one Sulfur (S), and four Oxygen (O) atoms.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a chemical compound with atomic number 25 in the periodic table.

Sulfur (S) is a chemical element with the atomic number 16 in the periodic table.
Oxygen (O) is the chemical element with atomic number 8 in the periodic table.
The chemical formula of Manganese(II) sulfate is MnSO4.

Manganese(II) sulfate contains one Manganese (Mn), one Sulfur (S), and four Oxygen (O) atoms.
This chemical compound is a metal sulfate.
Manganese(II) sulfate is also called Manganese Sulfate or Manganous Sulfate.

In this, manganese has a +2 oxidation state.
Manganese(II) sulfate looks like white crystals in its anhydrous form, and it is pale pink color solid in its hydrate form.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a hydrated manganese salt.

The neurological response caused in rhesus monkeys due to MnSO4 exposure have been studied.
The limiting molar conductance and association constant of MnSO4 dissolved in aqueous Manganese(II) sulfate have been determined.
The solubility, binary interaction parameters and solubility parameters were obtained for aqueous solution containing manganese sulfate monohydrate and magnesium sulfate.

Manganese Sulfate is generally considered unsafe because the chemical is toxic.
Exposure to this chemical can have acute health effects.
According to the MSDS of Manganese Sulfate, it can cause serious eye infection.

Manganese(II) sulfate may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.
Manganese(II) sulfate is toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.
Proper storage and disposal of Manganese(II) sulfate needs to be taken into consideration in order to avoid any unwanted effects.

Manganese(II) sulfate is involved in various oxidation-reduction reactions due to the ability of manganese ions to change oxidation states.
Manganese(II) sulfate can undergo oxidation to form higher oxidation states of manganese, such as manganese(III) and manganese(IV), in chemical processes and reactions.
In analytical chemistry, manganese(II) sulfate is used as a standard reference material and as a reagent for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Manganese(II) sulfate can be employed in titration methods, colorimetric assays, and spectroscopic techniques to determine the concentration of specific substances in solution.
Manganese(II) sulfate crystals have been studied for their crystallographic properties and growth patterns.
Understanding the crystallization behavior of manganese(II) sulfate and related compounds is important for crystallography research and materials science applications.

While manganese(II) sulfate itself is not commonly used as a therapeutic agent, manganese compounds have been investigated for potential medicinal properties.
Research suggests that manganese may play a role in certain biological processes and could have applications in pharmaceutical formulations and medical treatments.
Manganese(II) sulfate is sometimes used in water treatment processes, particularly for the removal of certain contaminants and impurities.

Manganese(II) sulfate can aid in the precipitation and removal of metals, such as iron and arsenic, from water sources through chemical precipitation or coagulation.
In the dyeing and textile industry, manganese(II) sulfate is utilized as a mordant—a substance that helps fix dyes to fabrics and enhances their colorfastness.
Manganese mordants can impart vibrant and long-lasting colors to textiles, contributing to the production of dyed fabrics and garments.

Manganese(II) sulfate is added to animal feed formulations as a nutritional supplement to address manganese deficiency in livestock and poultry.
Adequate manganese intake is essential for the health and growth of animals, and manganese sulfate serves as a cost-effective source of this essential mineral in feed additives.
Manganese(II) sulfate is used in biological and environmental research studies to investigate the behavior of manganese ions in biological systems, soil chemistry, and aquatic environments.

These studies help elucidate the role of manganese in ecosystems and its impact on living organisms.
Manganese(II) sulfate solutions are employed in electrochemical studies and experiments to investigate the electrochemical behavior of manganese ions and their applications in batteries, fuel cells, and electroplating processes.
Such studies contribute to the advancement of electrochemistry and energy storage technologies.

Uses:
Manganese(II) sulfate is used primarily as a fertilizer and as livestock supplement where soils are deficient in manganese, then in some glazes, varnishes, ceramics, and fungicides.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a granulated manganese fertiliser for dry application to the soil.
Manganese(II) sulfate is also used as an ingredient in blended fertilisers.

Manganese(II) sulfate is primarily intended for use in South Australia in planting fertilisers in crops grown on calcareous soils.
Manganese deficiency most commonly occurs on alkaline (high pH) soils.
Manganese is quite abundant in the soil.

Deficiency occurs because manganese is tied up or fixed in the soil in forms not available for plant uptake, i.e. at high pH, not because the soil is low in manganese.
Manganese applied as fertiliser can be rapidly converted to plant-unavailable forms.
For this reason, Manganese(II) sulfate is recommended that manganese be applied as foliar sprays where practicable, rather than to the soil.

In horticultural crops, manganese can be applied with routine crop protection sprays.
Manganese(II) sulfate is used in the production of dry-cell batteries, such as alkaline batteries and lithium-ion batteries.
Manganese(II) sulfate serves as an electrolyte additive to improve battery performance and longevity. Manganese compounds contribute to the electrochemical processes within the battery, enhancing its efficiency and energy storage capacity.

Manganese(II) sulfate crystals have applications in crystallography research and materials science.
Understanding the crystallization behavior of manganese(II) sulfate and related compounds is important for studying crystal growth mechanisms, crystal structure determination, and crystallographic analysis techniques.
Manganese(II) sulfate is employed as a reagent in analytical chemistry for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Manganese(II) sulfate can be used in titration methods, colorimetric assays, and spectroscopic techniques to determine the concentration of specific substances in solution.
Manganese(II) sulfate solutions may also serve as standard reference materials in analytical laboratories.
Manganese is an essential trace element for human health, and manganese(II) sulfate contributes to manganese intake in food and dietary supplements.

Adequate manganese intake supports various biological functions, including metabolism, bone formation, and antioxidant defense.
While manganese(II) sulfate is not typically consumed directly as a nutritional supplement, it contributes to overall manganese levels in the diet.
Manganese(II) sulfate may be used in environmental remediation efforts to treat contaminated soil and groundwater.

Manganese(II) sulfate can assist in the removal of heavy metals and other pollutants through precipitation or adsorption processes.
Manganese compounds can help mitigate the environmental impact of industrial activities and pollution sources.
Manganese(II) sulfate has historical significance in photography as a component of certain developing solutions.

While its use in photography has diminished with the advent of digital imaging technologies, manganese compounds were once used in the processing of photographic film and prints.
Manganese(II) sulfates, including manganese(II) sulfate, have applications as catalysts in chemical reactions.
They can facilitate various organic transformations, such as oxidation, reduction, and carbon-carbon bond formation.

Manganese-based catalysts are studied for their potential use in industrial processes and green chemistry applications.
Manganese(II) sulfate has been used as a micronutrient for preparation of nutritive medium for growth of sugarcane plantlets.
Manganese(II) sulfate has also been used as a trace element in the preparation of N6 complete nutrient liquid medium for growing mycelia of H. cylindrosporum.

Manganese(II) sulfate is an essential mineral used in capsule, tablet and liquid form, which provides essential nutrients like vitamin, protein and in similar nutritional substance.
Manganese(II) sulfate undergoes electrolysis to give manganese dioxide.
Upon oxidation, Manganese(II) sulfate gives chemical manganese dioxide (CMD) and finds application in dry- cell batteries.

Manganese(II) sulfate is used to produce manganese by an electrolytic process.
The compound is used for dyeing textiles; for producing red glazes on porcelain; in varnish driers; in fertilizers; and in animal feeds to provide manganese as an essential trace element.
Manganese(II) sulfate is a source of manganese that functions as a nutrient and dietary supplement.

Manganese(II) sulfate exists as a powder which is readily soluble in water.
Manganese(II) sulfate monohydrate is used as a colorant in dyes, fertilizers, animal feeds and red glazes on porcelain.
Further, Manganese(II) sulfate is used in paints, ceramics, nutrient and dietary supplement.

Manganese(II) sulfate is involved in the preparation of manganese dioxide.
In addition, Manganese(II) sulfate serves as a precursor to manganese metal and other manganese compounds.
In medicine, Manganese(II) sulfate is used to regulate plasma manganese concentrations and the depletion of endogenous stores.

In laboratories, Manganese(II) sulfate is used in the reduction reaction by mixing ethanol and hydrogen peroxide together.
Manganese(II) sulfate decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water, which vaporizes ethanol. When the vapor is ignited, it produces a very effective flame because the ethanol vapor no longer needs to mix with the air.
Manganese(II) sulfate is commonly used as a micronutrient fertilizer to correct manganese deficiency in crops and soils.

Manganese(II) sulfate is an essential element for plant growth and development, playing a crucial role in photosynthesis, enzyme activation, and nutrient uptake.
In industrial settings, manganese(II) sulfate is utilized in processes such as metal finishing, textile dyeing, and the production of ceramics and batteries.
Manganese(II) sulfate serves as a source of manganese ions for various chemical reactions and synthesis processes.

Manganese(II) sulfate solutions are used in electroplating processes to deposit manganese coatings onto metal surfaces.
These coatings provide corrosion resistance, improve surface hardness, and enhance the aesthetic appearance of the plated materials.
Manganese(II) sulfate is employed as a reagent in laboratory experiments and chemical analyses, particularly in coordination chemistry and redox reactions.

Manganese(II) sulfate can serve as a source of manganese ions for various research purposes.
Manganese(II) sulfate is added to animal feed formulations as a nutritional supplement to address manganese deficiency in livestock and poultry.
Adequate manganese intake is essential for animal health, growth, and reproduction.

Manganese(II) sulfate may be used in water treatment processes to remove certain contaminants and impurities, such as iron and arsenic, from water sources.
Manganese(II) sulfate can aid in the precipitation and removal of metals through chemical precipitation or coagulation.
In the dyeing and textile industry, manganese(II) sulfate is employed as a mordant—a substance that helps fix dyes to fabrics and enhances their colorfastness.

Manganese mordants contribute to vibrant and long-lasting colors in dyed textiles.
While not a direct application, manganese compounds, including manganese(II) sulfate, are studied in medicinal research for potential therapeutic properties.
Research suggests that manganese may play a role in certain biological processes and could have applications in pharmaceutical formulations and medical treatments.

Safety Profile:
Poison by intraperitoneal route.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental neoplas tigenic data.
An experimental teratogen.

Experimental reproductive effects.
Mutation data reported.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SO2, so3, and Mn oxides.

Direct contact with manganese(II) sulfate may cause skin irritation, especially in individuals with sensitive skin or prolonged exposure.
This can result in redness, itching, or dermatitis.
Manganese(II) sulfate is important to wear appropriate protective clothing, such as gloves and long sleeves, when handling manganese(II) sulfate to prevent skin contact.

Manganese(II) sulfate can cause irritation and damage to the eyes upon contact.
This may result in redness, pain, and blurred vision.
In case of eye contact, it is crucial to immediately flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while keeping the eyelids open.

Seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Inhalation of manganese(II) sulfate dust or aerosols may irritate the respiratory tract and cause respiratory discomfort.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to airborne manganese(II) sulfate particles may lead to respiratory irritation, coughing, or difficulty breathing.
Adequate ventilation and respiratory protection, such as dust masks, should be used to minimize inhalation exposure.

mangifera indica fruit extract; mango fruit extract; extrapone mango milk ; extract of the fruit of the mango, mangifera indica l., anacardiaceae CAS NO: 90063-86-8

MANNITOL; D-(+)-Mannitol; Isotol; 1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol; Diosmol; Cordycepic acid; D-mannite; Osmosal; Hexitol; Mannazucker (German); D-mannitol; Manicol; Manita; Manna sugar; Mannidex; Mannite; Osmitrol; cas no: 87-78-5, 69-65-8

MANNITOL = d-MANNITOL, MANNITE, MANNA SUGAR


CAS Number: 69-65-8
EC Number: 200-711-8
MDL Number: MFCD00064287
E number: E421
Molecular Formula: C6H14O6


Mannitol is in the form of white crystalline powder in physical appearance.
Mannitol can also be found in the form of granules.
Mannitol has a sweet characteristic in taste.
Mannitol has scent.


Mannitol's melting point is 168 °C.
Mannitol's boiling point is between 290 °C and 295 °C.
Mannitol solubility is 216 g/Lt at 25 °C.
The solubility of Mannitol increases as the temperature increases.


Mannitol's density is 1.52 gr/cm³ at 20 °C.
Mannitol is a diuretic.
Mannitol has 50% more sweetness than sucrose.
Mannitol is a naturally occurring substance in fruits and vegetables.


Mannitol does not have caryonegic properties.
Mannitol is a hexahydric alcohol derivative.
Mannitol is also found in mushrooms.
Mannitol's task in such areas is as sugar and carbohydrate reserves.


Mannitol is a derivative of the sorbitol compound.
Mannitol's E Code is E 421.
Mannitol’s safety has been reviewed and confirmed by health authorities around the world, including the World Health Organization, the European Union, and the countries Australia, Canada and Japan. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also recognizes mannitol as safe.


Mannitol is a sugar alcohol used to test for asthma, to reduce intracranial and intraocular pressure, to measure glomerular filtration rate, and to manage pulmonary symptoms associated with cystic fibrosis.
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables.


Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma.
As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced.
The discovery of mannitol is attributed to Joseph Louis Proust in 1806.


It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Mannitol was originally made from the flowering ash and called manna due to its supposed resemblance to the Biblical food.
Mannitol is a naturally occurring alcohol found in fruits and vegetables and used as an osmotic diuretic.
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables.


Mannitol appears as odorless white crystalline powder or free-flowing granules.
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic.
Mannitol is a sugar alcohol that is easily soluble in water and is a white crystalline powder with a sweet taste similar to sucrose.
Mannitol is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol.


Mannitol contains about 60 percent fewer calories than sugar and is half as sweet.
Mannitol occurs naturally in fresh mushrooms, brown algae, tree bark and most fruits and vegetables.
Mannitol is commercially produced for use in chocolate coatings, confections and chewing gum.
Mannitol’s safety has been confirmed by global health authorities.


Mannitol (pronounced ma-nuh-tall) is a type of carbohydrate called a sugar alcohol, or polyol, which are water-soluble compounds that occur naturally in many fruits and vegetables. Mannitol is also commercially produced for use in chocolate coatings, confections, chewing gums, powders and tablets to provide body, sweetness, cooling taste and texture.
Mannitol’s also useful as an anti-caking agent due to its minimal ability to absorb water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MANNITOL:
In the pharmaceutical industry, Mannitol is used as a basic ingredient in the manufacture of chewable tablets due to its non-hygroscopic properties.
Mannitol is used in the manufacture of drug-containing chewing gums.
Mannitol is used as a sweetening agent.


Mannitol is used in the manufacture of drugs produced to treat swelling around the brain and inside the eyes.
Some people have trouble producing urine in their body. Mannitol is used in the manufacture of drugs used to make the body produce urine.
Medicines containing this chemical are given to treat patients with kidney failure.
Thanks to these drugs, excess water and toxic substances in the body are eliminated.


Mannitol is used in the manufacture of these drugs.
Mannitol is used as an anti-caking agent in the food industry.
Mannitol is used as a flavoring agent in the production of nuts.
Sugar alcohols used in the production of antifreeze, namely alcohols such as Mannitol, dextrose, maltitol, sorbitol.


With the increase of Dextrose Equivalent, Mannitol will increase water activity and inhibition of water crystallization.
This will lower the freezing point.
Mannitol is used as a flavor enhancer.
In vehicle engines , Mannitol is used in very small amounts together with Mono Ethylene Glycol as an anti-wear chemical.


Mannitol is a diuretic that is used to reduce swelling and pressure inside the eye or around the brain.
Mannitol is also used to help your body produce more urine.
Mannitol is used in people with kidney failure, to remove excess water and toxins from the body.
Mannitol is sometimes given so that your body will produce enough urine to be collected and tested.


This helps your doctor determine if your kidneys are working properly.
Mannitol may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide.
Mannitol is a diuretic.
Mannitol helps you make more urine and to lose salt and excess water from your body.


Mannitol treats swelling from heart, kidney, or liver disease.
Mannitol also treats swelling around the brain or in the eyes.
Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid.


Mannitol is used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established, the reduction of intracranial pressure, the treatment of cerebral edema, and the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances.
Mannitol causes an osmotic shift of water into the vascular space, decreases blood viscosity, and increases cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery.


Mannitol is a diuretic used to force urine production in people with acute (sudden) kidney failure.
Mannitol injection is also used to reduce swelling and pressure inside the eye or around the brain.
Mannitol inhalation is used in patients 6 years of age and older to help diagnose asthma.
Mannitol is used in a procedure called bronchial challenge test to help your doctor measure the effect of this medicine on your lungs and check if you have difficulty with breathing.


Mannitol inhalation is also used as an add-on maintenance treatment to improve lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis.
Mannitol is also indicated as add-on maintenance therapy for improving pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis patients aged 18 and over who have passed the BRONCHITOL tolerance test (BTT).
Mannitol is recommended that patients take an orally inhaled short-acting bronchodilator 5-15 minutes prior to every inhaled mannitol dose.


Mannitol acts as an osmotic laxative in oral doses larger than 20 g, and is sometimes sold as a laxative for children.
Mannitol is commonly used in the circuit prime of a heart lung machine during cardiopulmonary bypass.
The presence of mannitol preserves renal function during the times of low blood flow and pressure, while the patient is on bypass.


Mannitol can also be used to temporarily encapsulate a sharp object (such as a helix on a lead for an artificial pacemaker) while it passes through the venous system.
Because the mannitol dissolves readily in blood, the sharp point becomes exposed at its destination.


Mannitol is also the first drug of choice to treat acute glaucoma in veterinary medicine.
Mannitol is administered as a 20% solution intravenously.
Mannitol dehydrates the vitreous humor and, therefore, lowers the intraocular pressure.
However, Mannitol requires an intact blood-ocular barrier to work.


Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol used as a sweetener and medication.
Mannitol is used as a low calorie sweetener as it is poorly absorbed by the intestines.
As a medication, it is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.
Medically, Mannitol is given by injection or inhalation.


Effects typically begin within 15 minutes and last up to 8 hours.
Mannitol is the primary ingredient of mannitol salt agar, a bacterial growth medium, and is used in others.
Mannitol is used as a cutting agent in various drugs that are used intranasally (snorted), such as cocaine.
A mixture of mannitol and fentanyl (or fentanyl analogs) in ratio 1:10 is labeled and sold as "China white", a popular heroin substitute.


Mannitol is freely filtered by the glomerulus and poorly reabsorbed from the renal tubule, thereby causing an increase in osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate.
An increase in osmolarity limits tubular reabsorption of water and inhibits the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and other solutes, thereby promoting diuresis.


In addition, mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolarity, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues into interstitial fluid and plasma.
Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma.
As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced.


Mannitol may also be used for the promotion of diuresis before irreversible renal failure becomes established; the promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances; as an Antiglaucoma agent; and as a renal function diagnostic aid.
Mannitol, a hypertonic and hyperosmolar diuretic, increases the osmolarity of the plasma when administered intravenously, increasing the passage of water into the plasma from tissues including the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and eye.


In this way, Mannitol reduces the fluid volume and pressure in the tissues.
Therefore, Mannitol is widely used as an osmotic diuretic in neurosurgical operations, as well as in clinical situations where intracranial pressure is increased.
Mannitol is a sugar alcohol that can be used as an anti-caking and free-flow agent, flavoring agent, lubricant and release agent, stabilizer, thickener and nutritive sweetener in food industry.


Mannitol is a type of sugar alcohol which is also used as a medication.
As a sugar, Mannitol is often used as a sweetener in diabetic food, as it is poorly absorbed from the intestines.
As a medication, Mannitol is used to decrease pressure in the eyes, as in glaucoma, and to lower increased intracranial pressure.
Medically, Mannitol is given by injection.
Effects typically begin within 15 minutes and last up to 8 hours.


-Therapeutic Use:
*Increasing urine output for the prevention or treatment of the oliguric phase of acute renal failure without the occurrence of irreversible renal failure.
*Reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema,
*Pressure reduction when increased intraocular pressure cannot be reduced by other means
*To increase the urinary excretion of toxic substances and in the irrigation of the urinary tract.
*It is appropriate to use Mannitol only in patients with CIBAS.


-Contraindications:
Mannitol is contraindicated in people with anuria, severe hypovolemia, pre-existing severe pulmonary vascular congestion or pulmonary edema, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and active intracranial bleeding except during craniotomy.


-Chemistry:
Mannitol is an isomer of sorbitol, another sugar alcohol; the two differ only in the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2.
While similar, the two sugar alcohols have very different sources in nature, melting points, and uses.


-Food:
Mannitol increases blood glucose to a lesser extent than sucrose (thus having a relatively low glycemic index) so is used as a sweetener for people with diabetes, and in chewing gums.
Although mannitol has a higher heat of solution than most sugar alcohols, its comparatively low solubility reduces the cooling effect usually found in mint candies and gums.
However, when mannitol is completely dissolved in a product, it induces a strong cooling effect.
Also, it has a very low hygroscopicity – it does not pick up water from the air until the humidity level is 98%.
This makes mannitol very useful as a coating for hard candies, dried fruits, and chewing gums, and it is often included as an ingredient in candies and chewing gum.
The pleasant taste and mouthfeel of mannitol also makes it a popular excipient for chewable tablets.


-Medical uses:
In the United States, mannitol is indicated for the reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema and elevated intraocular pressure.
In the European Union, mannitol is indicated for the treatment of cystic fibrosis (CF) in adults aged 18 years and above as an add-on therapy to best standard of care.
Mannitol is used intravenously to reduce acutely raised intracranial pressure until more definitive treatment can be applied, e.g., after head trauma.
While mannitol injection is the mainstay for treating high pressure in the skull after a bad brain injury, it is no better than hypertonic saline as a first-line treatment.
In treatment-resistant cases, hypertonic saline works better.
Mannitol may also be used for certain cases of kidney failure with low urine output, decreasing pressure in the eye, to increase the elimination of certain toxins, and to treat fluid build up.
Intraoperative mannitol prior to vessel clamp release during renal transplant has been shown to reduce post-transplant kidney injury, but has not been shown to reduce graft rejection.


-Analytical chemistry:
Mannitol can be used to form a complex with boric acid.
This increases the acid strength of the boric acid, permitting better precision in volumetric analysis of this acid.



FUNCTIONS OF MANNITOL:
1.Pharmaceutical Industry: Antihypertensive reagent,diuretic,dehydrating reagent,laxative lapactic;Excipient and filler for tablets.Synthesize mannitol oleic ester.
2. Food Industry:
Sweetener in sugar free chewing gum Chlcolate coat of ice cream and sugar Beverage,sytup and other food"
3. Toothpaste industry instead of glycerol
4. Synthesize mannitol rigid poly urethane foam
5. Synthesize mannitol oleate
6. Electronic solution for electrolytic capacitor



HOW IS MANNITOL PRODUCED?
There are several methods for the production of Mannitol. Among them, Mannitol is obtained by reduction of glucose by electrolytic method or by hydrogenation of invert sugar, monosaccharides or sucrose.
Mannitol's commercial production is produced by the catalytic or electrolytic reduction of monosaccharides such as glucose or mannose.

Mannitol is the chemical 1,2,3,4,5,6,-hexanehexol (C6H14O6) a hexahydric alcohol, differing from sorbitol principally by having a different optical rotation.
Mannitol is produced by one of the following processes:

(1) The electrolytic reduction or transition metal catalytic hydrogenation of sugar solutions containing glucose or fructose.
(2) The fermentation of sugars or sugar alcohols such as glucose, sucrose, fructose, or sorbitol using the yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.
(3) A pure culture fermentation of sugars such as fructose, glucose, or maltose using the nonpathogenic, nontoxicogenic bacterium Lactobacillus intermedius (fermentum).

Mannitol is classified as a sugar alcohol; that is, it can be derived from a sugar (mannose) by reduction.
Other sugar alcohols include xylitol and sorbitol.
Mannitol and sorbitol are isomers, the only difference being the orientation of the hydroxyl group on carbon 2.



PHARMACODYNAMICS OF MANNITOL:
Chemically, Mannitol is an alcohol and a sugar, or a polyol; it is similar to xylitol or sorbitol.
However, mannitol has a tendency to lose a hydrogen ion in aqueous solutions, which causes the solution to become acidic.
For this reason, it is not uncommon to add a substance to adjust its pH, such as sodium bicarbonate.
Mannitol is commonly used to increase urine production (diuretic).
Mannitol is also used to treat or prevent medical conditions that are caused by an increase in body fluids/water (e.g., cerebral edema, glaucoma, kidney failure).
Mannitol is frequently given along with other diuretics (e.g., furosemide, chlorothiazide) and/or IV fluid replacement.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MANNITOL:
Mannitol is an osmotic diuretic that is metabolically inert in humans and occurs naturally, as a sugar or sugar alcohol, in fruits and vegetables.
Mannitol elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain and cerebrospinal fluid, into interstitial fluid and plasma.

As a result, cerebral edema, elevated intracranial pressure, and cerebrospinal fluid volume and pressure may be reduced.
As a diurectic mannitol induces diuresis because it is not reabsorbed in the renal tubule, thereby increasing the osmolality of the glomerular filtrate, facilitating excretion of water, and inhibiting the renal tubular reabsorption of sodium, chloride, and other solutes.

Mannitol promotes the urinary excretion of toxic materials and protects against nephrotoxicity by preventing the concentration of toxic substances in the tubular fluid.
As an Antiglaucoma agent mannitol levates blood plasma osmolarity, resulting in enhanced flow of water from the eye into plasma and a consequent reduction in intraocular pressure.
As a renal function diagnostic aid mannitol is freely filtered by the glomeruli with less than 10% tubular reabsorption. Therefore, its urinary excretion rate may serve as a measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

*increases the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate -> *increasing urinary volume
*decreases CSF volume and pressure by
*decreasing rate of CSF production
*withdrawing brain extracellular water across the BBB into plasma



INDUSTRIAL SYNTHESIS OF MANNITOL:
Mannitol is commonly produced via the hydrogenation of fructose, which is formed from either starch or sucrose (common table sugar).
Although starch is a cheaper source than sucrose, the transformation of starch is much more complicated.
Eventually, it yields a syrup containing about 42% fructose, 52% glucose, and 6% maltose.
Sucrose is simply hydrolyzed into an invert sugar syrup, which contains about 50% fructose.
In both cases, the syrups are chromatographically purified to contain 90–95% fructose.
The fructose is then hydrogenated over a nickel catalyst into a mixture of isomers sorbitol and mannitol.
Yield is typically 50%:50%, although slightly alkaline reaction conditions can slightly increase mannitol yields.



BIOSYNTHESES OF MANNITOL:
Mannitol is one of the most abundant energy and carbon storage molecules in nature, produced by a plethora of organisms, including bacteria, yeasts, fungi, algae, lichens, and many plants.
Fermentation by microorganisms is an alternative to the traditional industrial synthesis.

A fructose to mannitol metabolic pathway, known as the mannitol cycle in fungi, has been discovered in a type of red algae (Caloglossa leprieurii), and it is highly possible that other microorganisms employ similar such pathways.
A class of lactic acid bacteria, labeled heterofermentive because of their multiple fermentation pathways, convert either three fructose molecules or two fructose and one glucose molecule into two mannitol molecules, and one molecule each of lactic acid, acetic acid, and carbon dioxide.

Feedstock syrups containing medium to large concentrations of fructose (for example, cashew apple juice, containing 55% fructose: 45% glucose) can produce yields 200 g (7.1 oz) mannitol per liter of feedstock.
Further research is being conducted, studying ways to engineer even more efficient mannitol pathways in lactic acid bacteria, as well as the use of other microorganisms such as yeast and E. coli in mannitol production.
When food-grade strains of any of the aforementioned microorganisms are used, the mannitol and the organism itself are directly applicable to food products, avoiding the need for careful separation of microorganism and mannitol crystals.
Although this is a promising method, steps are needed to scale it up to industrially needed quantities.



NATURAL EXTRACTION OF MANNITOL:
Since mannitol is found in a wide variety of natural products, including almost all plants, it can be directly extracted from natural products, rather than chemical or biological syntheses.
In fact, in China, isolation from seaweed is the most common form of mannitol production.
Mannitol concentrations of plant exudates can range from 20% in seaweeds to 90% in the plane tree.
Mannitol is a constituent of saw palmetto (Serenoa).
Traditionally, mannitol is extracted by the Soxhlet extraction, using ethanol, water, and methanol to steam and then hydrolysis of the crude material.

The mannitol is then recrystallized from the extract, generally resulting in yields of about 18% of the original natural product.
Another method of extraction is using supercritical and subcritical fluids.
These fluids are at such a stage that no difference exists between the liquid and gas stages, so are more diffusive than normal fluids.
This is considered to make them much more effective mass transfer agents than normal liquids.
The super- or subcritical fluid is pumped through the natural product, and the mostly mannitol product is easily separated from the solvent and minute amount of byproduct.



MANNITOL AND HEALTH:
Like most sugar alcohols, mannitol is neither as sweet as nor as calorie–dense as sugar.
Mannitol is about half as sweet as sugar and has about 60 percent fewer calories per gram (1.6 calories for mannitol compared to 4 calories for sugar).
But mannitol’s contributions to health go beyond calories.
Two areas in which sugar alcohols are known for their positive effects are oral health and impact on blood sugar.



ORAL HEALTH:
Sugar alcohols, including mannitol, have been shown to benefit oral health in several ways.
Primarily, they are considered “tooth-friendly” because they are noncariogenic: in other words, they don’t contribute to cavity formation.
The act of chewing also protects teeth from cavity-causing bacteria by promoting the flow of saliva.
The increased saliva and noncariogenic properties (along with sweetness and cool taste) are why sugar alcohols like maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol are used in sugar-free chewing gum.
Because of these attributes, the FDA recognizes mannitol and other sugar alcohols as beneficial to oral health.



BLOOD SUGAR:
Like other sugar alcohols (with the exception of erythritol), mannitol contains calories in the form of carbohydrate.
Mannitol is slowly and incompletely absorbed from our small intestine.
The remaining mannitol continues to the large intestine, where its metabolism yields fewer calories.
Because of this, mannitol consumption (compared with an equal amount of sugar) reduces insulin secretion, which helps keep blood glucose levels lower as a result.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MANNITOL:
Molar mass: 182.172 g·mol−1
Molecular Weight: 182.17
XLogP3: -3.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 182.07903816
Monoisotopic Mass: 182.07903816
Topological Polar Surface Area: 121 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 105
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance Form: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: 5,0 - 6,5 at 182 g/l at 25 °C
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 167 - 170 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 290 - 295 °C at 4,67 hPa
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: 182 g/l at 20 °C - completely soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance: White crystalline powder
Assay (%): 98.0-102.0
Loss on drying (%): ≤0.5
Specific rotation: +23~+25°
Heavy metal (Pb) (%): <10ppm
Arsenic (%): ≤0.0002
Nickel (%): ≤ 0.30
Oxalate (%): <0.02
Sulfate (SO4) (%): ≤0.01
Chloride (Cl) (%): ≤0.003
Melting point ( ℃): 166-170 °C
Acidity: Conform
Residue on ignition: (%) <0.1
Storage in the shade

Synonyms: D-mannitol; Mannite; Osmitrol
IUPAC Name: (2R,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Molecular Weight: 182.17
Molecular Formula: C6H14O6
Canonical SMILES: C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H14O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h3-12H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6-/m1/s1
InChIKey: FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N
Boiling Point: 295°C
Melting Point: 165-167°C
Flash Point: 100°C
Purity: 98%
Density: 1.52
Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (slightly), methanol (slightly), water.
Appearance: White Solid
Storage: Freezer
Assay: 0.99



FIRST AID MEASURES of MANNITOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MANNITOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MANNITOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MANNITOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains



HANDLING and STORAGE of MANNITOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MANNITOL:
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Aridol
Bronchitol
Cystosol
Osmitrol
Sag-M
D-mannitol
mannitol
69-65-8
Mannite
Osmitrol
Manna sugar
87-78-5
Cordycepic acid
Osmofundin
Resectisol
D-(-)-Mannitol
Mannit
Osmosal
Mannazucker
Mannidex
Mannigen
Mannistol
Diosmol
Invenex
Isotol
Mannitol, D-
Marine Crystal
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol
Maniton-S
Mannogem 2080
(2R,3R,4R,5R)-Hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexaol
Bronchitol
Mannitol (VAN)
Aridol
Hexahydroxyhexane
DL-Mannitol
NCI-C50362
Mannitol (USP)
Mannitol [USP]
BRN 1721898
CHEBI:16899
MFCD00064287
3OWL53L36A
INS NO.421
133-43-7
E-421
mannitol-d
INS-421
Mannitol 5%
NSC-407017
Mannitol
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol
Mannitol 10%
Mannitol 15%
Mannitol 20%
NCGC00164246-01
E421
Mannidex 16700
DSSTox_CID_3235
Osmitrol 5% In Water
DSSTox_RID_76936
Osmitrol 10% In Water
Osmitrol 15% In Water
Osmitrol 20% In Water
DSSTox_GSID_23235
287100-73-6
MTL
MANNITOL 25%
Resectisol In Plastic Container
Mannitol 5% In Plastic Container
Mannitol 10% In Plastic Container
Mannitol 15% In Plastic Container
Mannitol 20% In Plastic Container
CAS-69-65-8
Osmitrol (TN)
SMR000857324
CCRIS 369
HSDB 714
SR-01000838849
NSC 9256
EINECS 200-711-8
EINECS 201-770-2
OSMITROL 5% IN WATER IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
NSC 407017
OSMITROL 10% IN WATER IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
OSMITROL 15% IN WATER IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
OSMITROL 20% IN WATER IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
UNII-3OWL53L36A
Cordycepate
Mannitolum
Manitol
D-mitobronitol
MANNITOL 10% W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN DISTILLED WATER
AI3-19511
Maniton s
Mannit p
D-Mannit
D-?Mannitol
Bronchitol (TN)
(D)-mannitol
Mannitol 25
Mannitol 35
Mannitol 60
D(-)Mannitol
Mannitol,(S)
Pearlitol 25 c
Pearlitol 50 c
Mannitol m300
Pearlitol 160 c
Mannitol 200
Mannitol 300
Pearlitol 200 sd
Pearlitol 300 dc
Mannitol 2080
D-Mannitol
D-Mannitol
MANNITOL
MANNITOL
MANNITOL
MANNITOL 15% W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.45%
MANNITOL 5% W/ DEXTROSE 5% IN SODIUM CHLORIDE 0.12%
Crystalline mannitol fine
MANNITOL
D-[2-13C]Glucitol
MANNITOL
D-Mannitol, ACS reagent
D-Mannitol, >=98%
M0044
D-MANNITOL
MANNITOL
SCHEMBL919
bmse000099
CHEMBL689
Epitope ID:114705
Isomalt impurity, mannitol-
Crystalline mannitol standard
D-MANNITOL
4-01-00-02841
ED1D1E61-FEFB-430A-AFDC-D1F4A957FC3D
MLS001335977
MLS001335978
D-Mannitol, Biochemical grade
Crystalline mannitol extra-fine
D-Mannitol, AR, >=99%
D-Mannitol, LR, >=99%
DTXSID1023235
DTXSID30858955
MANNITOLUM
HMS2230N11
AMY33410
HY-N0378
ZINC2041302
Tox21_112092
Tox21_201487
Tox21_300483
POTASSIUMNONAFLUORO-T-BUTOXIDE
AKOS006280947
D-Mannitol, plant cell culture tested
Tox21_112092_1
BCP9000575
CCG-266445
D-Mannit 1000 microg/mL in Methanol
D-Mannitol, BioXtra, >=98% (GC)
DB00742
D-Mannitol, NIST(R) SRM(R) 920
ISOMALT IMPURITY B
NCGC00164246-03
NCGC00164246-04
NCGC00164246-05
NCGC00254277-01
NCGC00259038-01
85085-15-0
AC-12776
AC-14054
AS-30501
D-Mannitol, tested according to Ph.Eur.
D-Mannitol, p.a., 96.0-101.5%
D-Mannitol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
SORBITOL-MANNITOL COMPONENT MANNITOL
B2090
D-Mannitol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
E 421
S2381
SW220287-1
MANNITOL COMPONENT OF SORBITOL-MANNITOL
C00392
D00062
EN300-212188
AB00443917_06
065M361
ISOMALT IMPURITY, MANNITOL
Q407646
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[h1122h]/1/
Q-101039
SR-01000838849-3
SR-01000838849-4
D-Mannitol, ACS reagent, for microbiology, >=99.0%
LACTITOL MONOHYDRATE IMPURITY C [EP IMPURITY]
D-Mannitol, meets EP, FCC, USP testing specifications
Mannitol, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Z1198149813
D-Mannitol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (sum of enantiomers, HPLC)
Mannitol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
D-Mannitol, >=99.9999% (metals basis), for boron determination
Mannitol, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Mannitol, D-
Cordycepic acid
D-(-)-Mannitol
Diosmol
Isotol
Manicol
Maniton-S
Manna sugar
Mannidex
Mannigen
Mannistol
Mannit
Mannite
Osmitrol
Osmosal
Mannazucker
NCI-C50362
Resectisol
1,2,3,4,5,6-Hexanehexol
Mannitol
Mannogem 2080
Marine Crystal
Partek M
Pearlitol 25C
Osmitrol
87-78-5
Manna Candy
Cordycepic Acid
Sea Crystal
Maniton-S
Osmofundin

SYNONYMS Dodecyl sodium sulfate; SLS;Sulfuric Acid Monododecyl Ester Sodium Salt; Sodium Dodecanesulfate; Dodecyl Alcohol,Hydrogen Sulfate,Sodium Salt; Akyposal SDS; CAS NO:151-21-3

Synonyms: Calendula officinalis, ext.;CALENDULA OFFICINALIS FLOWER EXTRACT;Calendulaofficinalisextract;MARIGOLDEXTRACT(CALENDULA;ENGLISHMARIGOLD;CALENDULAOFFICINALISFLOWEREXTRACTS;calendula officinalis linn., extract;phyteleneofmarigold CAS: 84776-23-8

MASESTER GMS 40 is a versatile ingredient embraced for its roles as a conditioning agent, emollient, emulsifying agent, emulsion stabilizer, and skin conditioning agent across various applications.
Experience key benefits, including consistency and formula stability.
MASESTER GMS 402s versatility shines in beauty and care, skin care, and sun care.

CAS: 22610-63-5
MF: C21H42O4
MW: 358.56
EINECS: 245-121-1

MASESTER GMS 40 is a 1-monoglyceride that has stearoyl as the acyl group.
MASESTER GMS 40 has a role as an algal metabolite and a Caenorhabditis elegans metabolite.
MASESTER GMS 40 is a natural wax that is derived from the fats and oils of plants, animals, and insects.
MASESTER GMS 40 is a white, waxy, solid substance that is composed of long-chain fatty acids.
MASESTER GMS 40 is a widely used chemical in many industries, including the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
MASESTER GMS 40 is also used in the manufacture of candles and soaps.
MASESTER GMS 40 is an important chemical for its many beneficial properties, including its ability to act as an emulsifier, a lubricant, and a preservative.

MASESTER GMS 40 Chemical Properties
Melting point: 78-81 °C
Boiling point: 410.96°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.9841
refractive index: 1.4400 (estimate)
storage temp.: −20°C
Yellow, waxy solid. Soluble in alcohol, hot ether, and acetone; insoluble in water. Combustible.

Synthesis Method
MASESTER GMS 40 is typically produced by the hydrogenation of vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil, and palm oil.
This process involves adding hydrogen to the oil molecules in order to form a solid wax.
This process is known as hydrogenation and is typically done in the presence of a catalyst, such as nickel.
MASESTER GMS 40 is a white, waxy solid that is composed of long-chain fatty acids.

Uses
Stearin is used in a variety of scientific research applications, including biochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology.
In biochemistry, stearin is used to study the structure and function of proteins and lipids.
In pharmacology, MASESTER GMS 40 is used to study the action of drugs on the body.
In toxicology, MASESTER GMS 40 is used to study the effects of toxins on the body.

Biochemical and Physiological Effects
MASESTER GMS 40 has a variety of biochemical and physiological effects on the body.
MASESTER GMS 40 can act as an emulsifier, which means that it can help to mix two substances that would otherwise not mix together.
MASESTER GMS 40 can also act as a lubricant, which means that it can help to reduce the friction between two surfaces.
Additionally, MASESTER GMS 40 can act as a preservative, which means that it can help to prevent the growth of bacteria and other microorganisms.

Synonyms
Glyceryl monostearate
123-94-4
Monostearin
GLYCEROL MONOSTEARATE
31566-31-1
Glyceryl stearate
Tegin
1-Stearoyl-rac-glycerol
1-MONOSTEARIN
Glycerin 1-monostearate
Stearin, 1-mono-
Stearic acid 1-monoglyceride
2,3-dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate
Glycerol 1-monostearate
1-Glyceryl stearate
Glycerin 1-stearate
Sandin EU
1-Monostearoylglycerol
Octadecanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester
Aldo MSD
Aldo MSLG
Glyceryl 1-monostearate
Stearoylglycerol
Glycerol 1-stearate
alpha-Monostearin
Tegin 55G
Emerest 2407
Aldo 33
Aldo 75
Glycerin monostearate
Arlacel 165
3-Stearoyloxy-1,2-propanediol
Cerasynt SD
Stearin, mono-
2,3-Dihydroxypropyl stearate
.alpha.-Monostearin
Monoglyceryl stearate
Glycerol alpha-monostearate
Cefatin
Dermagine
Monelgin
Sedetine
Admul
Orbon
Citomulgan M
Drewmulse V
Cerasynt S
Drewmulse TP
Tegin 515
Cerasynt SE
Cerasynt WM
Cyclochem GMS
Drumulse AA
Protachem GMS
Witconol MS
Witconol MST
FEMA No. 2527
Glyceryl stearates
Monostearate (glyceride)
Unimate GMS
Glyceryl monooctadecanoate
Ogeen M
Emcol CA
Emcol MSK
Hodag GMS
Ogeen GRB
Ogeen MAV
Aldo MS
Aldo HMS
Armostat 801
Kessco 40
Stearic monoglyceride
Abracol S.L.G.
Arlacel 161
Arlacel 169
Imwitor 191
Imwitor 900K
NSC 3875
11099-07-3
Atmul 67
Atmul 84
Starfol GMS 450
Starfol GMS 600
Starfol GMS 900
Cerasynt 1000-D
Emerest 2401
Aldo-28
Aldo-72
Atmos 150
Atmul 124
Estol 603
Ogeen 515
Tegin 503
Grocor 5500
Grocor 6000
Glycerol stearate, pure
Stearic acid alpha-monoglyceride
Cremophor gmsk
Glyceryl 1-octadecanoate
Cerasynt-sd
Lonzest gms
Cutina gms
Lipo GMS 410
Lipo GMS 450
Lipo GMS 600
glycerol stearate
1-MONOSTEAROYL-rac-GLYCEROL
Nikkol mgs-a
Glyceryl monopalmitostearate
USAF KE-7
1-octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol
EMUL P.7
EINECS 204-664-4
EINECS 245-121-1
UNII-230OU9XXE4
Stearic acid, monoester with glycerol
Glycerol .alpha.-monostearate
Glyceroli monostearas
Glycerol monostearate, purified
Imwitor 491

Synonyms: Matricaria recutita, ext.;CHAMOMILLA RECUTITA (MATRICARIA) EXTRACT;CHRYSANTCHRYSANTHELLUM INDICUM EXTRACTHELLUM INDICUM EXTRACT;CHAMOMILLA RECUTITA (MATRICARIA) LEAF EXTRACT;Matricariarecutitaextract;CHAMOMILLA RECUTITA (MATRICARIA) FLOWER EXTRACT;KAMILLEN-AUSZUG;Matricaria recutita, Extrakt CAS: 84082-60-0

kamillenoel;CAMOMILE OIL;OIL, CAMOMILE;Matricaria Oil;Oils,chamomile;CHAMOMILE, MOROC;bluechamomileoil;OLEUMMATRICARIAE;camomileoilgerman;CHAMOMILE FLOWERS cas :8002-66-2

matricaria chamomilla extract; chamomile extract hungarian; chamomile (blue) extract natural; chamomile extract hungarian; chamomile extract, apigenin 1.2%, 98%; matricaria recutita extract CAS NO:84082-60-0

MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a non-greasy, natural emollient that provides a silky skin feel.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is triglycerides with two or three fatty acids having an aliphatic tail of 6–12 carbon atoms, i.e. medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs).


CAS Number: 65381-09-1 [Caprylic/ Capric triglycerides];
73398-61-5 [mixed glycerides – decanoyl and octanoyl]
EC Number: 265-724-3 (Caprylic/ Capric triglycerides);
277-452-2 (mixed glycerides – decanoyl and octanoyl)
CHEMICAL NAME: Octanoic/Decanoic Acid Triglyceride


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is fast drying and is an excellent wetting agent and binder in color cosmetics.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) also serves as a dispersing agent for inorganic UV filters and helps to form an occlusive barrier in skin and sun care formulations.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is highly versatile and suitable for all skin types and a wide variety of products.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) also known as Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides, Fractionated Coconut Oil.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is derived from the distilled fatty acid fractions of Palm Kernel Oil.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) esterified with USP high purity glycerin.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is refined, Bleached and Deodorized.
Due to the large number of short chain fatty acids (C8 and C10s), MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is liquid at low temperatures.


Generally made from combining coconut oil and glycerine, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a soothing ingredient rich in fatty acids that works to neutralise toxins in the skin caused by environmental damage.
Utilized for MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)'s binding and preservative qualities in cosmetic products, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) promotes the skins’ healing abilities whilst locking in moisture and adding a light sheen.


Despite the word oil in its name, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is actually an ester, not a true oil.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) primarily contains Caprylic Acid and Capric Acid, medium chain triglycerides that are fluid at room temperature.


Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are triglycerides made up of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids with an aliphatic tail of six to 12 carbon atoms.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are found in natural foods, such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and raw coconut meat.
In the body, MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids, which are directly absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the target organs to exert a range of biological and metabolic effects.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), in combination with other compounds like fish oils, soya oil, and olive oil, is indicated in adult and pediatric patients, including term and preterm neonates, as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for parenteral nutrition when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible, insufficient, or contraindicated.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are used in parenteral nutrition therapy: they serve as a source of calories and essential fatty acids in conditions associated with malnutrition and malabsorption.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are also available as over-the-counter natural products and health supplements.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a blend of isolated caprylic and capric triglycerides.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is usually isolated from coconut oil.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) functions as a carrier oil in our products.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is triglycerides with two or three fatty acids having an aliphatic tail of 6–12 carbon atoms, i.e. medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs).
Rich food sources for commercial extraction of MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) include palm kernel oil and coconut oil.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a commonly used component in soaps and also cosmetics.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)’s normally made with a mix of coconut oil as well as glycerin.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is sometimes called capric triglyceride and also is often inaccurately called fractionated coconut oil.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), alternatively known as Octanoic/Decanoic Acid Triglyceride or MCT Coconut Oil, is a specialized esterification of coconut oil extracted from the kernel of matured coconuts.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is obtained from fractionation of a lauric-type oil.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) obtained has a melting point of about 7 ° C.
When in liquid form, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is almost colourless and with a characteristic odour.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also known as MCT (medium chain triglyceride).


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) has an almost equal composition of caprylic and capric acids.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a natural product derived from vegetables (coconut or palm kernels).
Is a natural neutral oil, also called MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride).


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a mixture of medium-chain fatty acids (triglycerides) of natural origin.
Neutral oil, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), is non-irritant, easy to apply and is quickly absorbed.
As a component of cosmetic products, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) improves their application properties and prevents excessive lipid replenishment.


As such, any imbalance present in irritated and overprotected skin can quickly be restored.
Cosmetic properties of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): absolutely non-irritant, ideal for irritated skineasy to apply & rapidly absorbedpromotes the application properties of other ingredientsprevents excessive lipid replenishment.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), or capric triglyceride, is a compound that combines fatty acids from natural oils, such as coconut oil, with glycerin.
Soaps and cosmetics sometimes include MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) as an ingredient.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a compound that comes from combining fatty acids with glycerin.
The fatty acids in MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs).
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) note that these fatty acids come from rich oils, such as coconut or palm oil.


Manufacturers remove and isolate fatty acids from the oil as caprylic acid.
They combine these pure fatty acids with glycerin to make MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride).
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) – also known as MCT Oil – is a classic emollient derived from renewable natural raw materials.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is produced from vegetable Glycerine and fractionated vegetable Fatty Acids, mainly Caprylic and Capric Acids.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a clear and colourless liquid, neutral in odour and taste.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is fully saturated and therefore highly resistant to oxidation.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is triglyceride derived from glycerol and 3 medium chain fatty acids (C8 – C10).
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a liquid oil manufactured through the esterification of glycerol using medium-chain fatty acids isolated from natural sources (Coconut Oil, Palm Oil, or a combination of the two).


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a lightweight and nourishing oil that exhibits unique sensory and chemical characteristics.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is colorless (or a very pale yellow in color) with a mild characteristic odor and remains in a liquid state at room temperature, making it highly convenient to use.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) also shows high resistance to oxidation.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a type of oil synthesized from pure Coconut Oil (and sometimes Palm Oil).
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is composed predominantly of Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs).


This causes MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) to display special qualities and properties including high stability, lightweight texture, fast absorption, colorless or very pale-colored appearance, and an extremely light odor while retaining the skin-replenishing and moisturizing benefits of the source fatty acids.


The term 'triglyceride' refers to a type of lipid that is made up of the elements carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O).
These elements are arranged in the form of a glycerol unit (the structural 'backbone' of the triglyceride compound), alongside three chains of fatty acids attached to it.


Due to the varying chemical composition of fatty acids, they come in different sizes and can be classified according to the number of carbon atoms they have.
Short-chain fatty acids have less than 6 carbon atoms, medium-chain fatty acids have 6-12 carbon atoms, while long-chain fatty acids have 13-21 carbon atoms.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are naturally-occurring triglyceride compounds that consist of a glycerol component with fatty acid chains that are medium-sized in length; in other words, they are composed of medium-chain fatty acids.


These could be any one of the following:
C6 (having 6 Carbon atoms) - Caproic Acid
C8 (having 8 Carbon atoms) - Caprylic Acid
C10 (having 10 Carbon atoms) - Capric Acid
C12 (having 12 Carbon atoms) - Lauric Acid


MCTs can be found in vegetable oils and animal dairy products such as milk, butter, clarified butter, and cheese.
Coconut Oil and Palm Oil are both rich sources of MCTs, and MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is therefore made from these natural oils.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), also known as Caprylic Capric Triglycerides, is gaining widespread attention within the beauty, cosmetic and personal care industries due to its impressive silky, oil-free texture and oxidative stability.
Despite the word oil in its name, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is actually an ester, not a true oil.


It primarily contains Caprylic Acid and Capric Acid, medium chain triglycerides that are fluid at room temperature.
Not all commercially available MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are produced solely from coconuts.
Some MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) products may be produced using unsustainable rapeseed and/or palm oils.


To produce MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), a process called esterification is used.
Coconut oil is first hydrolyzed to yield the medium chain fatty acids and glycerol.
The glycerol is reserved, and the fatty acids undergo distillation to separate them into fractions of different chain lengths.


The C8 Caprylic Acid and C10 Capric Acid fractions are then re-esterified with glycerol to form MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride).
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is then filtered and deodorized.


Unlike pure Virgin Coconut Oil that has a characteristic coconut aroma and that is solid and opaque at room temperature, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a clear, colorless and virtually odorless fluid that pours easily at room temperature.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a fraction of the coconut oil from which almost all the long chain triglycerides are removed, thus leaving mainly the medium-chain triglycerides and making it an absolutely saturated oil.


This saturation gives MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) great stability and resistance to oxidation, in fact, that it has an almost indefinite shelf life.
In addition, fractionating raises the comparative concentration of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), thus giving it more of antioxidant and disinfecting effect, hence the INCI Name: MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride).


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), also known as Caprylic Capric Triglycerides (CCTG), is gaining widespread attention within the beauty, cosmetic and personal care industries due to its impressive silky, oil-free texture and oxidative stability.
Despite the word oil in its name, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is actually an ester, not a true oil.


Uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): All kinds of personal care products (e.g. soaps, face/ body oils, creams, lotions, cleansers, shampoos, shower gels, conditioners, bath bombs, bath salts).
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is added to the formula to the oil phase.


The typical use level of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is 1-100%.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is used for external use only.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is both similar to and different from fractionated coconut oil.


While fractionated coconut oil takes whole coconut oil and seperates out the light-weight, liquid triglycerides (C8-C10), MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is made by starting with Glycerin then building C8 and C10 triglycerides in an ordered and controlled way.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is soluble in mineral oil, vegetable oil and alcohol.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is insoluble in water.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), is a liquid form of oil, obtained by separating Capric and Caprylic fatty acids (Medium Chain Triglycerides) from hard oil.


Unlike hard oils, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) stays liquid at room temperature.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) has a smooth, silky feeling, and is easily absorbed into the skin.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) gives products a lighter, more luxurious finish.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is fats found in foods like coconut oil.
They’re metabolized differently than the long-chain triglycerides (LCT) found in most other foods.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a supplement that contains a lot of these fats and is claimed to have many health benefits.


Triglyceride is simply the technical term for fat.
Triglycerides have two main purposes.
They’re either burned for energy or stored as body fat.


Triglycerides are named after their chemical structure, specifically the length of their fatty acid chains.
All triglycerides consist of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
The majority of fat in your diet is made up of long-chain fatty acids, which contain 13–21 carbons.
Short-chain fatty acids have fewer than 6 carbon atoms.


In contrast, MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) have 6–12 carbon atoms.
The following are the main MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride):
*C6: caproic acid or hexanoic acid
*C8: caprylic acid or octanoic acid
*C10: capric acid or decanoic acid
*C12: lauric acid or dodecanoic acid


Some experts argue that C6, C8, and C10, which are referred to as the “capra fatty acids,” reflect the definition of MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) more accurately than C12 (lauric acid).
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is an oily compound that can prevent ingredients from clumping together.


Due to this property, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) could improve the texture of products that contain the compound.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a dispersing agent stabilizes and binds ingredients in a product.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) may help evenly distribute product ingredients, such as solid pigments, scents, or other compounds.


This even distribution can create a more consistent texture and stable blend.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are fats that are naturally found in coconut oil.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)’s are more easily and rapidly digested than other types of fats and provide energy, support the metabolism and are burned by the body for energy and fuel.


In conjunction with a balanced diet and exercise, consuming MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can support weight management.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), more commonly referred to as MCTs, have made quite a splash in the nutrition world, and with good reason—they are pretty amazing fats.


To understand what a medium chain triglyceride is, it is helpful to first understand the chemical structure of fats.
The fats we find in nature are generally triglycerides, which consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.
The fatty acids themselves are chains of carbon atoms varying in length from 4 carbons to 26 or more, commonly classified as short, medium and long chain.

In nature the fatty acids that make up a triglyceride are usually a combination of different length fatty acids and not three of the same length.
So a naturally occurring triglyceride is some combination of short, medium and long chain fatty acids.
When we talk about the benefits of MCTs, we are mostly talking about the benefits of the individual medium chain fatty acid tails, or MCFAs, defined as fatty acids that are 6-12 carbons long.


These fatty acids are caprioc acid (6 carbons), caprylic acid (8 carbons), capric acid (10 carbons) and lauric acid (12 carbons).
There is some debate whether lauric acid is a true medium chain fatty acid, but we’ll cover that more in a minute.
MCFAs are unique because they are digested by the body differently than other length fatty acids (such as the omega-3 and -6 fatty acids and oleic acid from olive oil).


Their shorter structure makes them easier to break down in the intestines and they require little to no bile.
Once absorbed, MCFAs are transported directly to the liver, where they are preferentially metabolized to create energy.
MCFAs can also easily enter the cells where they fuel energy production.


Because medium-chain fatty acids are so easily used for energy, they are not readily stored as fat.
While MCFAs are found in many foods, including coconut oil, palm oil, butter, and full-fat dairy (and in particular goat dairy), the amounts available from these foods tend to be pretty low.


So to concentrate the beneficial MCFAs, manufacturers use a process called fractionation to separate the fatty acids from the glycerol backbone and then recombine them into triglycerides that are comprised only of MCFAs.
These are the MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) you’ll find on our shelves.


Generally the original sources of the MCFAs are coconut and/or palm oils.
Caprylic and capric acid are usually the main MCFAs found in MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), and their proportions vary from manufacturer to manufacturer.


Caproic acid is usually left out because it has a strong taste and can cause a burning sensation in the throat and stomach.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a mixed ester composed of caprylic and capric fatty acids attached to a glycerin backbone.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are sometimes erroneously referred to as fractionated coconut oil, which is similar in composition but typically refers to coconut oil that has had its longer chain triglycerides removed.
Chemically speaking, fats and oils are made up mostly of triglycerides whose fatty acids are chains ranging from 6–12 carbon atoms, in this case the ester is comprised of capric (10 carbon atoms) and caprylic (8 carbon atoms).


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are a specialized esterification of Coconut Oil using just the Caprylic and Capric Fatty Acids, while Fractionated Coconut Oil is a standard, distillation of Coconut Oil which results in a combination of all of the fatty acids, pulled through the distillation process.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is non-greasy and light weight.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) comes in the form of an oily liquid and mainly works as an emollient, dispersing agent and solvent.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are partially man-made fats.
The name of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) refers to the way the carbon atoms are arranged in their chemical structure.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are generally made by processing coconut and palm kernel oils in the laboratory.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are fats that are naturally found in coconut and palm kernel oil.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)'s are more easily and rapidly digested than other types of fats, as they require lower amounts of enzymes and bile acids for intestinal absorption.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)'s are metabolized very quickly in the liver and are reported to encourage an increase in energy expenditure, while decreasing fat storage. Numerous studies suggest that substituting MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) for other fats in a healthy diet may therefore help to support healthy weight and body composition.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a clear that is highly stable and resistant to oxidation for use in creams, lotions, and many other cosmetic preparations for skin and hair.
Because it is chemically indifferent to other cosmetic ingredients, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) acts as a viscosity regulator and assists in the dispersion of pigments and other additives.


Further, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) penetrates the skin readily, thus acting as a carrier for transdermal therapeutic ingredients.
This ability to transport Essential Oils and actives makes MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) an oil of choice among medical practitioners and massage therapists.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are a specific fraction of coconut / palm oil fatty acids resulting in only the more stable, and skin loving oil.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also known as MCT OIL.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is massage oil, perfume carrier, general carrier oil, light weight, and moisturizer for all skin types.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also known as Fractionated Coconut Oil.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are fats that are naturally found in coconut and palm kernel oils.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), including caprylic acid and capric acid.
With normal use, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) oil is not converted to body fat.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is made of naturally occurring fatty acids found in coconut oil and glycerine.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)'s smooth texture and super moisturizing properties make it extremely useful in making soaps and myriads of cosmetic products.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is valued as a natural alternative to synthetic chemicals found in topical skin products.
Companies which claim that their products are “all natural” or “organic” usually contain CCTG (also known as MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)).


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) creates a barrier on the skin’s surface, which helps reduce skin dryness by reducing loss of moisture.
The oily texture helps to thicken and provides a slipperiness, which helps make lotions and natural strength deodorants easy to apply and leaves a non-greasy after-touch.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) functions as an emollient, dispersing agent, carrier or base, & also has anti-oxidant properties.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Due to their ability to be absorbed rapidly by the body, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) has found use in the treatment of a variety of malabsorption ailments.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) supplementation with a low-fat diet has been described as the cornerstone of treatment for Waldmann disease.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is an ingredient in some specialised parenteral nutritional emulsions in some countries.
Studies have also shown promising results for epilepsy through the use of ketogenic dieting.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is highly versatile and is suitable for all skin types.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is gentle enough for sensitive skin.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is especially attractive for incorporation into oil-free cosmetic and personal care formulations intended for oily, combination or problem skin types.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also an exceptional substitute for mineral oil. Within aromatherapy and fragrancing applications, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) serves as a virtually odorless carrier for essential oils and other aromatics.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) absorbs rapidly and possesses a highly desirable, silky, powdery feel. MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can be incorporated into massage formulations or used on its own as a very light, non-greasy massage oil.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is especially attractive for incorporation into oil-free cosmetic and personal care formulations intended for oily, combination or problem skin types.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) absorbs rapidly and possesses a highly desirable, silky, powdery feel.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can be incorporated into massage formulations or used on its own as a very light, non-greasy massage oil.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also an exceptional substitute for mineral oil.
Within aromatherapy and fragrancing applications, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) serves as a virtually
odorless carrier for essential oils and other aromatics.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), also known as Caprylic Capric Triglycerides, is gaining widespread attention within the beauty, cosmetic, and personal care industries due to its impressive silky, oil-free texture and oxidative stability.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is highly versatile and is suitable for all skin types.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is gentle enough for sensitive skin.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is considered Sustainable, Vegan, Lactose Free, Gluten Free, Glutamate Free, BSE Free, No Hydrogenated or Partially Hydrogenated Oils, No Preservatives.


Derived from coconut oil (and commonly used in cosmetic products to help bind ingredients together), MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) creates a breathable layer on the skin, locking moisture in.
Common Uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Creams, Lotions, Soaps, and Moisturisers


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) stands for Medium Chain Triglycerides and is also commonly known by its INCI name Capric Caprylic Triglyceride (CCT).
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can be derived from Palm or Coconut oil (when it is usually referred to as Fractionated Coconut Oil).


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is widely used in cosmetics as a dispersing agent but also functions as a solvent for fat-soluble vitamins and other active nutrients.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is an excellent emollient and rapidly penetrates the skin.


Once MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) has penetrated it slows the loss of water from the skin by forming a barrier on the skin’s surface.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also used to alter the thickness of liquid products, improving the spread and providing a silky and even application that promotes dispersion of other ingredients in finished products.


This provides and maintains a beautifully smooth and lustrous after-touch when applied to the skin.
Cosmetic manufacturers highly value MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) as well for it possesses great stability and resistance to oxidation, hence its long natural shelf life.


Skin: Emollient: MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) improves skin feel of formulations.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is intended for external use only.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is found in topical skin care items, including facial moisturizers, anti-aging lotions, sun blocks, eye creams, and so on.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can expand the service life of cosmetics, make your skin better and also not oily, and enhance the antioxidant impact in items.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also a common component in cosmetics as well as other aesthetic items.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) uniformly distributes ingredients in aesthetic solutions without leaving your skin feeling greasy.
You’ll see MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) frequently in the adhering to cosmetic products: lipstick, lip balm, lip lining, primer, structure.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) has been made used for over 50 years.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)
has a smoothing result on the skin as well as great anti-oxidant activity.


Additionally, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) has the result of binding various other components with each other and serves as a chemical, assisting the energetic components in cosmetics to last much longer.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is considered a natural option to various other synthetic chemicals located in topical products.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is used mines, esters, fatty alcohols, peroxides, fragrances, flavors, surface finishing, lubricants, metal soaps, cosmetics, animal feed, chemical, paper, plastics, detergents, chemicals, resins and coatings.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is commonly used as an emollient and enhancer for the performance of cosmetic actives, additives and other cosmetic products.


Also, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is beneficial in preventing moisture loss in formulations.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) applications span across a variety of industries.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is silky and light to the touch, absorbing into the skin easily.


This means when MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)’s used in cosmetic and skincare products, organic MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) oil leaves no greasy feeling on the skin.
With a long shelf life, low color, minimal odor and low to no hazard, this carrier oil is an ideal selection for sensitive skin and oil free products.


This oil uses only the MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), namely Caprylic Acid and Capric Fatty Acid, contained in raw coconut oil.
The result is an ideal carrier oil that can be used in a variety of applications.


Acme-Hardesty provides quality MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), produced using ethically sourced supplies.
Aerosols uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Antiperspirants, Deodorants, Perfumes
Hair Care uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Oils, Masks


Skin Care uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Facial Creams & Masks, Body Lotions & Oils, Nail Care, and Hand & Foot Care
Oils uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Massage, Bath & Shower, and Shaving


Sun Care uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Sunscreens, After Sun, and Self-Tanning
Colour Cosmetics uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Eyeshadow, Blush Powder, Primers, Lipsticks, and Make-up-remover
Lip Care uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Balms, Creams, and Sticks


Baby Care uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Creams, Lotions, Cleansing, and Wet Wipes
Men’ Grooming uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Shaving Creams & Oils, After Shave Oils & Lotions, and Beard Oils & Balms.
Usual dietary fats, by comparison, are long-chain triglycerides.


People use MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) as medicine.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are used along with usual medications for treating food absorption disorders including diarrhea, steatorrhea (fat indigestion), celiac disease, liver disease, and digestion problems due to partial surgical removal of the stomach (gastrectomy) or the intestine (short bowel syndrome).


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are also used for “milky urine” (chyluria) and a rare lung condition called chylothorax.
Other uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) include treatment of gallbladder disease, AIDS, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, and seizures in children.


Athletes sometimes use MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) for nutritional support during training, as well as for decreasing body fat and increasing lean muscle mass.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are sometimes used as a source of fat in total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
In TPN, all food is delivered intravenously (by IV).


This type of feeding is necessary in people whose gastrointestinal (GI) tract is no longer working.
Intravenous MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are also given to prevent muscle breakdown in critically ill patients.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is popular in aromatherapy and massage therapy as a carrier oil as it does not interfere with the scent of aromatic blends, absorbs rapidly, does not stain clothing, and leaves behind a silky but non-greasy feeling to the skin.


In cosmetic formulations, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is ideal in emulsions or when a soothing and non-greasy emollient is required with neutral sensory characteristics and a long shelf life.
Apart from aromatherapy and cosmetics, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is widely featured in the food industry as well as in nutritional, pharmaceutical, weight loss, and other health applications.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) in general are employed extensively across a wide range of sectors, including cosmetics, personal care, aromatherapy, nutrition, pharmaceuticals, and medicine.
Applications of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride): Skin Care, Lip Care, Hair Care, Nail Care, Cosmetics, Aromatherapy, and Massage


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is considered to be an excellent emollient and skin-repairing ingredient.
As an emollient, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) both quickly penetrates the surface to condition the skin/hair, and provides a lightweight and non-greasy barrier of lubrication.


As a dispersing agent, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) helps enhance the delivery of vitamins, pigments and other active ingredients contained in a solution so that they become evenly spread out and fully absorbed by the epidermis.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)'s oily texture helps thicken cosmetic formulations and is slippery which in turn allows for the easy spreadability of solutions and a smooth after-touch.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)’s included in cosmetics due to its mix of fatty acids that skin can use to repair its surface and resist moisture loss.
Also MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is thought to have an anti-inflammatory effect on the skin.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is used to enhanse the performance of flavour, fragrance and/or colour additives helping boost their solubility and efficacy through a formula.
In addition MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) provides emollience to formulations and can help enhanse the performance of skin care actives.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is used as a natural solvent in many formulations and can also help prevent moisture loss in a formulation.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can be used in all skin and hair formulations.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are medium-chain (6 to 12 carbons) fatty-acid esters of glycerol most frequently used in nutraceutical foods and beverages and cosmeceutical personal care products.
In the human body, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) passively diffuse from the GI tract into the portal vein without requirement for modification that long-chain fatty acids or very-long-chain fatty acids require.


Since MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are bland compared to other fats and do not generate flavor or fragrance off-notes, they are also used in personal care products and pharmaceuticals.
In foods, beverages and nutraceutical applications, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) ingredients rapidly absorb into the body and are a potentially good energy sources for everyday exercise enthusiasts as well as athletes and bodybuilders.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)are often incorporated into beverages, mixes, nutritional bars or energy foods.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are also used as high quality carriers and emollients in the formulation of cosmetics to be certified according to the Natural and Organic Ecocert Standards.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are frequently found in topical aerosols, foams, creams, ointments and lotions, and are regularly used in flavorings and fragrances because of their bland taste profiles and low natural odor.
Organic MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) acts as an excellent emollient. Used in body-, face-, hair- and sun care.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is of vegetable origin and consists of a mixture of vegetable fatty acids, mainly caprylic and capric acid and glycerine.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is particularly kind to the skin and does not leave an oily shine.


MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is used Emollient, Hydrating Agent, Non-Greasy Oil Base.
Due to its remarkable versatility and appealing sensory characteristics, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is incorporated in a wide range of applications in the personal care, cosmetic, and aromatherapy sectors.


On its own, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) may be used as a cosmetic, massage, and carrier oil, or it can be incorporated in the manufacturing of creams, lotions, cleansing oils, salves, body butter, bath scrubs, makeup, and many other nourishing products.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is particularly popular amongst massage therapists as it is easy to use, lightweight, and dries quickly without being greasy.


Unlike other oils, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) also does not typically stain clothing. MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)'s reputed antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects further help improve the skin's complexion and facilitate massage therapy by improving the absorption of essential oils and other therapeutic constituents.


-Skin care:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a stable compound that has an oily texture.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can create a barrier on the skin’s surface to lock in moisture.
Several skin care products contain MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), such as:
*face creams
*body moisturizers
*sunscreens
*eye creams
*anti-aging serums
*Makeup


-MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also a stable alternative to other oils.
Cosmetics and makeup containing fatty compounds may use MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride).
These products include:
*lip balm
*lip liner
*lipstick
*eyeliner
*liquid foundation or blush


-Foods:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) may also be present in preprepared foods, such as:
*baked goods
*soft candies
*cheeses
*frozen dairy products
*gelatins and puddings
*meat products


-Technical uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is bland compared to other fats and do not generate off-notes (dissonant tastes) as quickly as LCTs.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also more polar than LCTs.
Because of these attributes, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is widely used as carrier oils or solvents for flavours and oral medicines and vitamins.


-Pharma relevance:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can be used in solutions, liquid suspensions and lipid-based drug delivery systems for emulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, creams, ointments, gels and foams as well as suppositories.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are also suitable for use as solvent and liquid oily lubricant in soft gels.


-Medical relevance:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) passively diffuse from the GI tract to the portal system (longer fatty acids are absorbed into the lymphatic system) without requirement for modification like long-chain fatty acids or very-long-chain fatty acids.
In addition, MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) do not require bile salts for digestion.

Patients who have malnutrition, malabsorption or particular fatty-acid metabolism disorders are treated with MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) because MCTs do not require energy for absorption, use, or storage.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are generally considered a good biologically inert source of energy that the human body finds reasonably easy to metabolize.

MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) have potentially beneficial attributes in protein metabolism but may be contraindicated in some situations due to a reported tendency to induce ketogenesis and metabolic acidosis.
However, there is other evidence demonstrating no risk of ketoacidosis or ketonemia with MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) at levels associated with normal consumption, and that the moderately elevated blood ketones can be an effective treatment for epilepsy.


-Calorie restriction:
A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis by Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition supported evidence that MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) decreases subsequent energy intake.
Despite this, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) does not appear to affect appetite, and thus the authors stated that further research is required to elucidate the mechanism by which this occurs.


-Dietary relevance:
Molecular weight analysis of milk from different species showed that while milk fats from all studied species were primarily composed of long-chain fatty acids (16 and 18 carbons long), approximately 10–20% of the fatty acids in milk from horses, cows, sheep, and goats were medium-chain fatty acids.
Some studies have shown that MCTs can help in the process of excess calorie burning, thus weight loss.

MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are also seen as promoting fat oxidation and reduced food intake.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) have been recommended by some endurance athletes and the bodybuilding community.
While health benefits from MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) seem to occur, a link to improved exercise performance is inconclusive.

A number of studies back the use of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) oil as a weight loss supplement, but these claims are not without conflict, as about an equal number found inconclusive results.


-Personal Care uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride):
Commonly used as an emollient, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) serves as a replacement for White Oils and Petrolatum in makeup, moisturizers, skin care and sunscreen products and perfumes.
Within this application, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) serves as an excellent choice for sensitive skin products due to its lightweight nature and compatibility with most skin types.


-Pet Food uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) coconut oil can be used as an ingredient in pet foods, and research does suggest the inclusion of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) oil has positive effects on feline metabolism and canine cognitive function.


-Pharmaceuticals:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is an efficient solvent and excellent excipient, meaning it can act as a carrier or suspension medium for oil soluble antibiotics, drugs and vitamins.


-Food and Beverages uses of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is promoted as an energy supplement and digestive agent in the food industry.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)’s commonly used as a food emulsifier.


-Flavor and Fragrance:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is an excellent carrier for both fragrances and flavors, as it’s a low-odor oil.


-Nutraceuticals:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is itself an energy supplement and digestive agent, promoting metabolism boosts.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)’s also an excellent emulsifier and solvent and can act as a carrier or suspension medium for oil-soluble vitamins and minerals.


-Pharmacodynamics:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) contained in injectable lipid emulsions serve as a source of calories and essential fatty acids, which are important substrate for energy production.

MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) exert several metabolic effects: they were shown to reduce weight, metabolic syndrome, abdominal obesity, and inflammation in animal studies.
It is proposed that MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) induces weight loss through increasing energy expenditure and fat oxidation, and altering body composition.4

However, it is unknown whether the effects of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) on energy expenditure and body weight are long-lasting and sustainable.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can also play a role in food intake and satiety, as some studies showed that MCT consumption led to reduced food intake.

While MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) was shown to reduce energy intake, it was not shown to affect appetite.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)may facilitate the absorption of calcium.


-Applications of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride):
*All Skin Care Creams and Lotions - Both cleansers and moisturisers
especially for sensitive skin and oily skin
*Bath and Body Care Creams and Lotions: especially for sensitive skin and oily skin
*Bath and Body Oils
*Make Up: especially lipsticks and balms
*Natural Perfumes
*Shampoos and Cleansers



FUNCTIONS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) mainly works as an emollient, dispersing agent and solvent.
Cosmetic manufacturers highly value MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) for its lack of colour and odour, as well as for its stability.



BENEFITS AND USES OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
*This is the most effective skin-softening ingredient, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride), that is used worldwide.
*MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) creates a barrier on the skin's surface, which helps to reduce skin dryness by decreasing the loss of moisture. *MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)'s oily texture helps to thicken and provides a slipperiness, which helps make our lotions and natural strength deodorants easy to apply and leaves a non-greasy after-touch.

*MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a brilliant storehouse of antioxidants that will enrich your skin to make it healthy.
*MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is used to boost the shelf life of your products.
*MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) helps soften dead skin and repair cracked and broken skin.

*When used in eyeliners or kohls MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) makes them smooth and their application easy.
*Carrier for flavours, fragrance (including essential oils) or colours, light-weight emollient, high stability, crystal clear.



USES & EFFECTIVENESS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
-Possibly Effective for...
*Certain types of seizures in children.
*Preventing muscle breakdown in critically ill patients, when given intravenously (by IV).
*MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can provide calories in critically ill patients, but doesn't seem to offer any advantages over normal dietary fats (long chain triglycerides).

-Possibly Ineffective for...
Weight loss associated with AIDS.
Some research shows that taking MCTs does not seem to be any more effective than taking multivitamins and minerals alone for prevention of weight loss associated with AIDS.

Insufficient Evidence to Rate Effectiveness for...
*Alzheimer's disease.
There is interest in using MCT - Medium Chain TriglycerideS (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) to treat Alzheimer’s disease because MCTs might provide extra energy to the brain and might also protect the brain against damage from beta-amyloid protein plaques.

These plaques are the structures that form in Alzheimer’s disease and cause symptoms.
Some research shows that a specific MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) product (AC-1202) does not significantly improve learning, memory and information processing (cognitive thinking) in people with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, except in people with a particular genetic make-up (change in the APOE4 gene).

In the people with the APEO4 gene change, a single dose of the MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) product seems to improve cognitive thinking skills.

*Chylothorax (a rare lung disorder). Taking MCTs by mouth or intravenously (by IV) might prevent malnutrition and a weakened ability to fight infection in children and adults with chylothorax.
*Nutritional support of athletic training.

*Decreasing body fat and increasing lean muscle.
*Improving the absorption of calcium and magnesium.



PROPERTIES OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
• Palm-Free
• Oil-Free
• Highly Stable
• Light
• Clear, Colorless to Yellow
• Virtually Odorless
• Fluid at Room Temperature
• Rapid Absorption
• Non-Greasy
• Smooth, Silky Texture When Applied to Skin
• Minimal to No Sheen Upon Application
• Suitable for All Skin Types
• Emulsifi es Easily
• See Spec Sheet for Fatty Acid Composition



HOW MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE) WORKS:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) helps bind moisture to the skin and prevents its loss from the skin.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) works by enhancing dispersion in the formulations.



CONCENTRATION AND SOLUBILITY OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
The recommended concentration of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) for use is 2% to 100%.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is soluble in all proportions in acetone, benzene, chloroform, and insoluble in water.



HOW TO USE MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Heat MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) phase to 70o
Add MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)to the oil phase while constantly stirring it.
Add MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) phase to the water phase.
Stir until a homogenous solution is formed.



BENEFITS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
*An effective emollient that absorbs quickly
*Minimal to No Sheen Upon Application
*Emulsifies Easily
*Suitable for All Skin Types



FUNCTIONS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
*Dispersing agent
*Emollient Moisturiser
*Oil Substitute
*Solubiliser
*Solvent
*Spreading Agent
*Viscosity Modifier



BENEFITS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) originates from all-natural fats.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is clear liquids with a somewhat wonderful taste.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride)'s high fat web content, appearance, and also antioxidant capacity make them widely made use of in skin care items and also soaps.

-Emollients:
Moisturizers make your skin softer.
Moisturizers work by securing wetness in the skin and also creating a safety layer to make sure that wetness can not run away.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a commonly utilized emollient active ingredient in cosmetics.

-Dispersants maintain the active ingredients in a formulation with each other.
Mixing active ingredients, colorants or fragrances in a great dispersant keeps the ingredients from clumping or sinking to the bottom of the blend.

-Solvents:
A solvent is a component that dissolves or damages some other active ingredient or bond in a substance.
An ingredient is taken into consideration a solvent based upon its molecular structure and form as well as exactly how it interacts with other materials.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) liquifies the compounds, enabling them to mix together. While some solvents contain hazardous ingredients, caprylic triglyceride is relatively risk-free.

-Anti-oxidants:
Antioxidants are substances that counteract cost-free radicals or harmful materials that you are subjected to daily.
Antioxidants assist prevent oxidation, which ages your skin and problems your body.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is rich in antioxidants, so they play a vital duty in safeguarding your skin and aiding you really feel more youthful.



BENEFITS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Benefits of Fractionated Coconut Oil:
*Defends chapped and cracked lips from further damage
*Moisturises and cleanses skin with a light oil consistency
*Provides antioxidant based antibacterial support to the skin and face



PROPERTIES OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE) MAKES IT SUITABLE FOR USE IN VARIOUS APPLICATIONS:
*Fast Spreading, light skin feel – personal care ingredient
*Oxidative stability, low viscosity, clean organoleptic quality – solvent for flavour, pharmaceautical, lubricant
*Lower caloric value, rapid available source of energy – health management



SOURCES OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is found in palm kernel oil and coconut oil and can be separated by fractionation.
They can also be produced by interesterification.
Retail MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) powder is MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) oil embedded in starch and thus contains carbohydrates in addition to fats.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is manufactured by spray drying.



BENEFITS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is a compound of glycerin and naturally occurring fatty acids from coconut or palm oil.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) may have some benefits for the skin or the products that contain it.
*Emollient:
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is an emollient is an ingredient that softens the skin.
Emollients form a protective layer on the skin, locking in moisture to prevent the skin from drying out.
The oily texture of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) makes it a useful skin softener.



BENEFITS & COMPOSITION OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Due to its uniquely customized chemical make-up, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) displays wide-ranging benefits that relate to its appealing sensory and physicochemical characteristics.

The main chemical constituents responsible for these characteristics are Caprylic Acid (C8) and Capric Acid (C10), which makes up roughly 60% and 40% of the oil, respectively.
These fatty acids also contribute to the nourishing cosmetic and health benefits observed with MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride).

The beneficial physio-chemical properties of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) include:
*Colorless or very pale yellow in appearance
*Emits a mild characteristic odor
*Remains in a liquid state at room temperature
*Low viscosity and lightweight texture
*Absorbs rapidly into the skin
*Non-greasy and non-staining
*Excellent heat stability (can be heated or frozen)
*Excellent oxidative stability, contributing to the lifespan of products
*Acts as a versatile solvent, as it is soluble in lipids and oils, in addition to acids and alcohols


In addition to these characteristics, Caprylic Acid (C8) and Capric Acid (C10) fatty acids are believed to have extensive benefits for skincare and health:
*Reputed antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties
*Powerful anti-inflammatory properties
*Powerful antioxidant properties
*Provides a fast-releasing source of energy
*Used as a natural treatment for acne and inflammatory skin conditions such as eczema
*Helps regulate cholesterol
*Helps with weight management



THE FOLLOWING SUMMARY HIGHLIGHTS THE THERAPEUTIC PROPERTIES AND ACTIVITIES THAT MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE) IS BELIEVED TO SHOW:
*COSMETIC: Emollient (Soothing/Softening), Conditioning, Hydrating, Revitalizing, Strengthening, Protective, Clarifying, Anti-Aging, Anti-Acne, Anti-Irritant

*MEDICINAL: Anti-Microbial, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, Regulative, Preventative, Energy Aid, Digestive Aid, Weight Reduction.
Used in aromatherapy and massage applications, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) functions as an ideal carrier oil for essential oils due to its easy-to-use liquid state and mild odor.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is popular amongst massage therapists due to its quick-absorbing, non-greasy, and non-staining properties.

Used in skincare, haircare, and cosmetic products, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) provides a light and highly stable moisturizing base that carries neutral sensory characteristics (odor and color), thus contributing to a positive consumer experience.
Formulators who wish to avoid the 'heavy' or 'nutty' smells associated with virgin or unprocessed botanical oils will find the very light characteristic scent of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) highly desirable, and it also provides a good alternative for Mineral Oil.

In addition, due to its non-oily, more powdery texture, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can enhance the consistency of an emulsion which can add to the performance perception by the consumer and is also ideal in rinse-off products.
Similarly, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is excellent in volumizing hair care formulations as the use of 'heavier' oils often tend to weigh the hair down and counteract the volumizing effect.

Unlike Coconut Oil, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is also non-comedogenic, suitable for all skin types, and can be used in applications such as oil cleansing.
Used in medicine and nutrition, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) has built a reputation of being a more potent, easily absorbed, rapidly digested dietary product that can be useful for those with nutritional or lipid metabolism disorders.

Unlike other fats, MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) display an unconventional metabolic pathway. Through the portal vein, they reach the liver directly and undergo oxidation to eventually produce ketones.
This rapidly occurring process, bypassing the natural, more time-consuming digestive process, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is regarded to be highly beneficial for energy, fitness, and weight loss.



HOW IS MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE) MADE?
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can be made from both Coconut or Palm Oil, as they are both rich sources of the required medium-chain fatty acids.
Crude Coconut Oil or Palm Oil first undergoes hydrolysis, which essentially separates the fatty acids from the glycerol 'backbone' within their fat compounds.

The fatty acids can then be separated based on their boiling points through fractional distillation.
As medium-chain fatty acids have lower boiling points than long-chain fatty acids, they can be collected by heating and allowing to cool at appropriate temperatures.

Once the medium-chain fatty acids are isolated, they are combined with glycerol once again to form MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) in a process known as esterification.
This is a dehydration synthesis reaction, in which two compounds fuse together to produce water as a by-product.

A catalyst may be used, although it is not necessary.
As this is a highly targeted process, the desired ratios of C8 and C10 can be used in esterification.

Thus, in an MCT 60/40 oil, 60% of the fatty acids used will be Caprylic Acid (C8) and 40% will be Capric Acid (C10).
Finally, filtering and deodorization take place to clean and improve the sensorial characteristics of the resulting MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride).



WHY DO WE USE MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE) IN FORMULATIONS?
Why do we use it in formulations?
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are inexpensive and lightweight with little to no scent.
I like MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) in products like cleansing oils and balms, which are wash-off products.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can also be a good base for massage products, and works well as a simple base for blends of more expensive oils in facial serums.



DO YOU NEED MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE)?
No, but I really like it—MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is versatile and inexpensive.



MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE), REFINED OR UNREFINED?
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) only exists as a refined product



STRENGHTS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is inexpensive, lightweight.



WEAKNESSES OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is possibly not considered totally “natural”.



ALTERNATIVES AND SUBSTITUTIONS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Other lightweight, inexpensive oils like fractionated coconut oil, grapeseed oil, safflower oil, or sunflower oil would be good choices.



HOW TO WORK WITH MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Include in the oil phase of your products; if can be hot or cold processed, as needed.



STORAGE AND SHELF LIFE OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Stored somewhere cool, dark, and dry, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) should last at least two years.



TIPS, TRICKS, AND QUIRKS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Fractionated coconut oil and MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are not the same thing.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are just the medium chain triglycerides found in coconut oil (caprylic/capric triglyceride while fractionated coconut oil is coconut oil without the long chain triglycerides, but still containing short and medium chain triglycerides.

This distinction is rarely important, though it is very important to anyone who suffers from fungal acne.
Despite the “not-the-same-thing” thing, you will very often find them sold as if they are.
This usually takes the form of MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) being sold as fractionated coconut oil (they’re often both listed on the label as if they are synonyms).



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are broken down into glycerol and medium-chain fatty acids, which are directly absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the target organs, where they undergo β-oxidation to form acetyl-CoA.
The β-oxidation is the most common mechanism of action for energy production derived from fatty acid metabolism.

Because medium-chain fatty acids are rapidly oxidized, it leads to greater energy expenditure
Fatty acids are important substrates for energy production and also play a critical role in membrane structure and function.
Additionally, fatty acids act as precursors for bioactive molecules (such as prostaglandins) and as regulators of gene expression.

Fatty acids may mediate their effects on energy expenditure, food consumption, and fat deposition by upregulating the expression and protein levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism via activating Akt and AMPK signaling pathways and inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway.
It is proposed that the promotion of weight loss by MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) may be due to sympathetic activation of brown fat thermogenesis.



ABSORPTION, MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are rapidly absorbed.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) passively and directly diffuse across the gastrointestinal tract into the portal system then to liver, where they are oxidized.



VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION, MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
The apparent volumes of distribution have been researched as approximately 4.5 L for MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) and 19 L for medium chain fatty acids in a typical 70-kg subject.



PROTEIN BINDING, MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) bind weakly to serum albumin.
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) can readily cross the blood-brain barrier



METABOLISM OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase to glycerol and medium-chain free fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid.
Free fatty acids then undergo β-oxidation in the organs such as the liver, kidneys, and heart.

Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are metabolized within a common biochemical pathway through a series of desaturation and elongation steps.
Downstream products of alpha-linolenic acid are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linoleic acid is converted to arachidonic acid.



IS THERE A DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE) AND FRACTIONATED COCONUT OIL?
MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) derived from Coconut Oil may be called Fractionated Coconut Oil.
However, MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is important to note that the term 'Fractionated Coconut Oil' can also refer to a product in which Coconut Oil has undergone simple fractionation to remove its long-chain fatty acids; in other words, there is no esterification involved.

Thus, in this case, Fractionated Coconut Oil can be defined as simply a fraction of the fixed oil, but MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is in fact an ester and no longer carries an 'oily' feel.
This difference is reflected in their INCI names: Fractionated Coconut Oil remains 'Cocos Nucifera (Coconut) Oil' while MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) (both Palm or Coconut-derived) becomes 'Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides'.

As Fractionated Coconut Oil (Cocos Nucifera Oil) is also high in MCTs, its physical and chemical characteristics can be very similar to MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride).
However, as MCT - Medium Chain Triglyceride (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) is an ester, it has an even lighter, more powdery, non-oily texture and has a faster absorbency speed compared to Fractionated Coconut Oil.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
Because MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are so easily absorbed, they have been used clinically since the 1950s in cases of pancreatic insufficiency, fat malabsorption and in total parenteral nutrition.
Later MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) were added to preterm infant formulas.
More recently, MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) have drawn the attention of athletes and those looking to enhance their production of ketones.



HOW DOES MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE) WORK?
MCT - Medium Chain Triglycerides (Caprylic / Capric Triglyceride) are a fat source for patients who cannot tolerate other types of fats.
Researchers also think that these fats produce chemicals in the body that might help fight Alzheimer's disease.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
density: 0.94-0.96
vapor pressure: 0-0Pa at 20℃
solubility: Soluble in all proportions at 20°C in acetone, benzene, 2-butanone, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethanol, ethanol (95%), ether, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether, special petroleum spirit (boiling range 80–110°C), propan- 2-ol, toluene, and xylene. Miscible with long-chain hydrocarbons and triglycerides; practically insoluble in water.
form: Liquid
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 269.00 to 270.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.003550 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 251.00 °F. TCC ( 121.80 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 3.965 (est)
Soluble in: water, 0.06951 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in: water



FIRST AID MEASURES of MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Rresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses.
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MCT – MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE (CAPRYLIC / CAPRIC TRIGLYCERIDE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
1,2,3-Propanetriol Trioctanoate
AC-1202
Acide Caprique
Acide Caprylique
Acide Laurique
Capric Acid
Caproic Acid
Caprylic Acid
Caprylic Triglycerides
Lauric Acid
MCT
MCT's
MCTs
Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols
Medium-Chain Triglycerides, TCM
Tricaprylin
Trioctanoin
Medium chain triglycerides powder
MCT powder

MEA-LAURYL SULFATE, N° CAS : 4722-98-9, Nom INCI : MEA-LAURYL SULFATE, Nom chimique : (2-Hydroxyethyl)ammonium dodecylsulphate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 225-214-3, Classification : ,Sulfate, Règlementé, MEA. Restriction en Europe : III/61. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre. Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation

6-pentadecyltetrahydropyran-2-one; cyclic ester formed from meadowfoam (limnanthes alba) seed oil fatty acids; Meadowlactone CAS NO:110071-67-5

5-(5-eicosenoyloxy)eicosanoic acid; Meadowfoam Seed Oil; Fatty acids, vegetable-oil, polymd., unreacted fraction CAS NO:68937-92-8

BETAFAN M; MEADOWFOAMAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE; betaine; meadowfoamamido proylbetain; 2-[(3-Dodecanamidopropyl)dimethylaminio]acetate CAS NO:61789-40-0

Anionic surfactant for the cosmetic industry MEDIALAN LD Composition Lauroyl sarcoside sodium salt MEDIALAN LD INCI name Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate MEDIALAN LD PRODUCT PROPERTIES1 MEDIALAN LD Appearance (20 °C) clear, liquid MEDIALAN LD Iodine colour number max. 1.0 MEDIALAN LD pH-value (1 % water solution) 7.0 – 8.5 MEDIALAN LD solid content 29.0 – 31.0 % MEDIALAN LD Average molecular weight 293 g/mol MEDIALAN LD Manufacture Reaction of coconut fatty acid chloride with sarcosin (Schotten Baumann). Neutralisation with NaOH. MEDIALAN LD Profile Because of its excellent physiological properties and neutral taste MEDIALAN LD is widely used as a foaming agent in dental care preparations, especially in toothpastes. The concentration of MEDIALAN LD in toothpastes is usually in the range of 1 % to 6 %. As a liquid, MEDIALAN LD does not cause troublesome dusting in processing. MEDIALAN LD combines a good cleansing action with relatively weak degreasing. Thus for the manufacture of hair shampoos and body cleansing products MEDIALAN LD is often best combined as mild co-surfactant with alkyl ether sulphates. MEDIALAN LD Foaming behaviour MEDIALAN LD has very good foaming properties especially in soft water and displays interesting synergistic and foam-stabilising properties when combined with other surfactants, e.g. alkyl ether sulphates. The foaming behaviour of MEDIALAN LD also depends on the pH of the finished product. It is usually worthwhile to adjust the formulations to a slightly acid pH of between 5.5 and 6.5, for instance with citric acid. Foam stability in relation to time is also considerably better in the weakly acid than in the alkaline pH range. Compared with some other surfactants, MEDIALAN LD has excellent foaming power in electrolyte-containing solutions.

DESCRIPTION:
Medialan LD PF 10 is the perfect choice for cleaning products without harsh labelling and high cleaning performance.
Medialan LD PF 10 is mild to both skin and the environment.
Medialan LD PF 10 is an anionic surfactant for the cosmetic industry.


CAS Number: 137-16-6, 7732-18-5, 55965-84-9
EINECS/ELINCS No: 205-281-5, 231-791-2, 611-341-5


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MEDIALAN LD PF10:
Chemical name: Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Claims:
Surfactants / Cleansing Agents > Anionics > Alkyl Sarcosinates
foam booster
INCI Names:
SODIUM LAUROYL SARCOSINATE
AQUA
METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE
Chemical Composition: Fatty acid sarcoside sodium salt
CAS Number: 137-16-6, 7732-18-5, 55965-84-9
Use Level: 1-6%
EINECS/ELINCS No: 205-281-5, 231-791-2, 611-341-5
Appearance: Liquid, clear
Odor: Characteristic
Color: Yellow
Product Status: COMMERCIAL


APPLICATIONS OF MEDIALAN LD PF10:
Medialan LD PF 10 is widely used as a foaming agent in dental care preparations, especially in toothpastes.
Medialan LD PF 10 combines a good cleansing action with relatively weak degreasing.
Therefore, when manufacturing hair shampoos and body cleansing products, Medialan LD PF 10 is best combined as mild co-surfactant with alkyl ether suphates.

Medialan LD PF 10 is Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (and) Aqua (and) Methylchloroisothiazolinone.
Medialan LD PF 10 is a plant-based, anionic, mild surfactant.
Medialan LD PF 10 Exhibits good cleansing action with relatively weak degreasing.

Medialan LD PF 10 is best combined as mild co-surfactant with alkyl ether suphates.
Medialan LD PF 10 is Used as a foaming agent in dental care preparations especially in toothpastes.
Medialan LD PF 10 Also exhibits good skin and mucous membrane compatibility, good odor, taste neutrality and interesting synergistic properties.

Medialan LD PF 10 depends on the pH of the finished product and is cold processable, easy to use, electrolyte tolerant and foam booster.
Medialan LD PF 10 is suitable for clear formulations.
Medialan LD PF 10 is Also used in shower, liquid soap, shampoo, wet wipe and hair styling products.

Medialan LD PF 10 is used as Hard surface cleaning
Medialan LD PF 10 is used as Hand dishwashing
Medialan LD PF 10 is used as Laundry pre-treatment
Medialan LD PF 10 is used as Laundry liquid detergents


PERFORMANCE CLAIMS:
Detergency booster
Highly biodegradable
Superior ecological profile
Mild to skin


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT MEDIALAN LD PF10:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Medialan LD PF10 is a chemical ingredient that is also known by its common name, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is a water-soluble, anionic surfactant that belongs to the class of sarcosinates.
Sarcosinates are derived from sarcosine, an amino acid. Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is widely used in personal care and cosmetic products for its surfactant properties.

CAS Number: 137-16-6
EC Number: 205-290-4

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate, Medialan LD PF10, Sarcosinate de Sodium Lauroyl, N-Lauroylsarcosinate de sodium, Sodio Lauroil Sarkozinat, Natriumlauroylsarkosinat, Nátrium-lauril-szarkozinát, Lauriinsarkosiininatrium, Laurilsarkozinaat Natrium, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinato, Sodio Lauril Sarkozinato, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinaat, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinate, Nátrium-laurylszarkoszinát, Natrium Lauroyl Sarcosinat, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinaatti, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinat, Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium Sarcosinate Lauroyl, Sodiu Lauroylsarcosinat, Nátrium-lauril-szarkozinát, Sodná soľ lauroylsarkosinátu, Nátrium-sarcosinate laurylu, Sarcosinato de Sodio Lauroilo, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinat, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinate, Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate, Sodium Laurylsarcosinate, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium Sarcosinate Lauroyl, Sodiu Lauroylsarcosinat, Nátrium-lauril-szarkozinát, Sodná soľ lauroylsarkosinátu, Nátrium-sarcosinate laurylu, Sarcosinato de Sodio Lauroilo, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinat, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinate, Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate, Sodium Laurylsarcosinate, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium Sarcosinate Lauroyl, Sodiu Lauroylsarcosinat, Nátrium-lauril-szarkozinát, Sodná soľ lauroylsarkosinátu, Nátrium-sarcosinate laurylu, Sarcosinato de Sodio Lauroilo, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinat, Sodium Lauroylsarkosinate, Sodium Lauryl Sarcosinate, Sodium Laurylsarcosinate, Sodium N-Lauroylsarcosinate, Sodium Sarcosinate Lauroyl.



APPLICATIONS


Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is extensively used in shampoos for its ability to create a rich and stable lather during hair cleansing.
In facial cleansers, Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) contributes to the formulation by providing effective cleansing without causing irritation to the skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is a key ingredient in body washes, where it ensures a mild and pleasant cleansing experience.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is commonly found in toothpaste formulations, where it aids in the even distribution of active ingredients for thorough cleaning.
Its mild cleansing properties make it suitable for baby care products such as gentle shampoos and body washes.
In shaving creams and foams, it helps in creating a creamy texture and enhancing the overall shaving experience.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in facial scrubs and exfoliating products to improve the spreadability and effectiveness of exfoliating particles.
In hand soaps and liquid hand washes, it contributes to foaming and cleansing properties, leaving hands feeling clean and refreshed.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is employed in intimate washes, providing mild and non-irritating cleansing for sensitive areas.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is a common ingredient in mild and hypoallergenic formulations designed for individuals with sensitive or reactive skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in personal care formulations targeting individuals with skin conditions such as eczema or dermatitis.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate)'s compatibility with other surfactants makes it valuable in the formulation of complex emulsions and cream-based products.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in cosmetic wipes and towelettes for its contribution to effective and gentle makeup removal.
In sunscreen formulations, it aids in the dispersion of UV-filtering agents, ensuring even coverage on the skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) finds application in antiperspirant and deodorant formulations, contributing to the spreadability of active ingredients.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is employed in formulations for color-treated hair products, providing mild cleansing without stripping away color.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in formulations targeting oily or acne-prone skin, as it helps in balancing sebum production without causing excessive dryness.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is incorporated into mouthwash formulations to enhance the overall cleansing and refreshing effect.
In bath products such as bath foams and bubble baths, it contributes to a luxurious and foamy bathing experience.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in pet shampoos, ensuring a gentle cleansing experience for animals with sensitive skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is found in certain pharmaceutical formulations, providing a mild surfactant for oral care and dermatological products.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in intimate hygiene products, contributing to formulations that prioritize mildness and skin comfort.
In cosmetic emulsions such as creams and lotions, it acts as an emulsifying agent to ensure proper dispersion of water and oil phases.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is employed in natural and organic formulations as a preferred mild surfactant option.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in various personal care and cosmetic products where a balance between effective cleansing and skin-friendliness is essential.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is a crucial component in gentle facial cleansing wipes, ensuring effective makeup removal without causing irritation.
In acne treatment formulations, it is utilized for its ability to cleanse excess oils and impurities without aggravating acne-prone skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is incorporated into micellar water formulations, enhancing the product's ability to lift away dirt and makeup with ease.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) finds application in men's grooming products, contributing to the creamy lather and smooth texture of shaving creams.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in exfoliating scrubs to aid in the even distribution of exfoliating particles, promoting a smoother and more refined skin texture.
In natural and organic personal care products, it serves as a preferred surfactant option due to its mild and eco-friendly properties.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is added to facial masks, enhancing their cleansing and purifying effects while maintaining a gentle touch on the skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in clarifying shampoos, effectively removing product buildup and excess oils from the hair and scalp.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) contributes to the formulation of baby wipes, ensuring a mild and non-irritating solution for delicate baby skin.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is employed in sulfate-free formulations, providing a gentle alternative to traditional sulfate-based surfactants.
In hand sanitizers, it enhances the cleansing efficacy and contributes to the product's overall skin feel.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in pre-shave and post-shave products, contributing to a smooth and comfortable shaving experience.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is added to foam cleansers, generating a luxurious foam that effectively lifts away impurities.
In anti-dandruff shampoos, it aids in cleansing the scalp and controlling dandruff without causing excessive dryness.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is found in certain pharmaceutical formulations, providing a mild surfactant for oral care products such as mouthwashes and toothpaste.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in gentle eye makeup removers, ensuring effective removal of eye makeup without stinging or irritation.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is added to bath oils, contributing to a soothing and foamy bath experience while maintaining skin-friendly properties.
In cream-based makeup formulations, it acts as an emulsifying agent, ensuring a smooth and uniform texture.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is employed in color cosmetics, contributing to the formulation of creamy and easy-to-apply products.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in sensitive skin formulations, providing effective cleansing in products designed for individuals with reactive or delicate skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is included in formulations for intimate hygiene products, maintaining a gentle and pH-balanced solution.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) contributes to the creation of mild and tear-free baby shampoos, prioritizing the comfort of infants.

In natural deodorant formulations, it assists in the even distribution of active ingredients for effective odor control.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in facial toners, aiding in the removal of residual impurities while maintaining a refreshing sensation.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is found in microneedling aftercare products, providing a gentle cleansing solution for treated skin.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is a key ingredient in sulfate-free baby shampoos, ensuring a gentle and tear-free cleansing experience for infants.
In natural and organic facial cleansers, it serves as a mild surfactant option that aligns with clean beauty formulations.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in anti-aging skincare products, contributing to the effectiveness of cleansers and exfoliating solutions.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is incorporated into liquid soaps for hand hygiene, providing an effective and pleasant handwashing experience.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is added to clarifying hair masks to enhance their cleansing properties and maintain a soft and manageable texture for the hair.
In hair color removal products, the surfactant aids in breaking down and removing residual color without excessive damage to the hair.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is found in mild facial peels, contributing to the even application and removal of the peel solution.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in body exfoliating scrubs, helping to disperse exfoliating particles for thorough skin renewal without causing irritation.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is included in micellar cleansing waters, providing an effective and gentle solution for removing impurities from the skin.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) contributes to the formulation of sulfate-free body washes, ensuring a mild and refreshing shower experience.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in facial serums and toners, aiding in the removal of residual impurities and preparing the skin for further skincare products.
In natural deodorant sticks, the surfactant assists in the even distribution of odor-controlling ingredients for long-lasting freshness.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is added to bath salts, contributing to a luxurious bath experience while maintaining skin-friendly properties.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is found in mild exfoliating foot scrubs, promoting the removal of dead skin cells without harsh abrasion.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in men's grooming products such as facial cleansers and scrubs for a thorough yet gentle skincare routine.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) contributes to the formulation of sulfate-free hand creams, ensuring effective moisturization without greasiness.
In intimate wash gels, the surfactant provides a mild and non-irritating solution for maintaining intimate hygiene.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is included in sulfate-free hair conditioners, contributing to the overall conditioning effect while preserving hair color.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in pre-waxing cleansers, preparing the skin for hair removal procedures without causing irritation.

In gentle microneedling solutions, the surfactant aids in the preparation and cleansing of the skin before microneedling treatments.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in sulfate-free hair styling gels, contributing to the formulation's ability to provide hold without residue buildup.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is added to sulfate-free leave-in hair conditioners, ensuring easy application and effective detangling.
In facial mists and toning sprays, the surfactant aids in maintaining a balanced skin pH and refreshing the skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is included in sulfate-free facial masks, contributing to the formulation's ability to cleanse and purify the skin.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is utilized in sulfate-free acne treatment cleansers, providing an effective solution without aggravating sensitive or acne-prone skin.



DESCRIPTION


Medialan LD PF10 is a chemical ingredient that is also known by its common name, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is a water-soluble, anionic surfactant that belongs to the class of sarcosinates.
Sarcosinates are derived from sarcosine, an amino acid. Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is widely used in personal care and cosmetic products for its surfactant properties.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is a water-soluble surfactant commonly used in personal care products.
This chemical, also known as Medialan LD PF10, belongs to the family of sarcosinates.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is characterized by its mild cleansing properties, making it suitable for gentle formulations.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is derived from sarcosine, an amino acid.
As a surfactant, it reduces the surface tension of liquids, aiding in effective cleansing.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is widely employed in the cosmetic and personal care industry for its foaming capabilities.
Medialan LD PF10 contributes to the formation of stable and creamy lather in cleansing products.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is known for providing a gentle cleansing experience without causing excessive dryness.

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate is often used in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and toothpaste.
With its biodegradable nature, it aligns with environmentally friendly formulation practices.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is compatible with a range of other surfactants, enhancing overall product performance.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) exhibits good solubility in water, contributing to its ease of formulation.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is a favored choice in products requiring mild and non-irritating cleansing.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is commonly used in formulations targeting sensitive skin due to its gentle nature.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is effective in creating stable emulsions and maintaining product stability.
Its versatility allows for application in a variety of cosmetic and personal care formulations.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) acts as an emulsifying agent, ensuring proper mixing of ingredients.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used to enhance the spreadability and foam quality in cosmetic and personal care products.
Known for its compatibility with various materials, it contributes to the overall formulation integrity.

In toothpaste formulations, it aids in the even distribution of ingredients for effective cleaning.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) undergoes thorough testing to ensure its safety and efficacy in personal care products.

Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is used in products where a balance between cleansing efficacy and skin-friendliness is crucial.
Medialan LD PF10 (Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate) is often included in formulations targeting both adult and baby care products.
With its stable properties, Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate helps maintain the quality of cosmetic formulations over time.
Medialan LD PF10 is valued for its contribution to the creation of cosmetic and personal care products that prioritize a mild and enjoyable user experience.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Name: Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate
Common Name: Medialan LD PF10
Chemical Formula: C₁₃H₂₅NO₃Na (sodium salt of lauroyl sarcosine)
CAS Number: 137-16-6
EC Number: 205-290-4


Physical Properties:

Physical State: Solid (powder or flakes) or liquid (depending on formulation)
Color: White to light yellow
Odor: Characteristic
Solubility: Highly soluble in water



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air.
If respiratory distress persists, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting the upper and lower eyelids.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and seek medical attention.
If the person is conscious, provide small sips of water.


Note to Physicians:

No specific antidote is known.
Treat symptomatically based on the individual's presentation and clinical condition.
Provide supportive care as necessary.


General Advice:

Keep the affected person calm.
Obtain medical attention if any adverse effects occur.
Do not administer anything orally unless directed by medical personnel.


Extinguishing Media:

Use suitable extinguishing media based on the surrounding fire conditions (water spray, foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide).



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear suitable protective clothing, including chemical-resistant gloves and safety goggles, to prevent skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection, such as a mask, if handling the substance in an environment with inadequate ventilation.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the handling area to prevent the accumulation of vapors or dust.
Implement local exhaust systems if necessary.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors or dust.
Use appropriate engineering controls, such as closed systems or local exhaust, to minimize exposure.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with the substance.
Implement good industrial hygiene practices in the workplace.

Storage Compatibility:
Store Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate away from incompatible substances, including strong acids, strong bases, and oxidizing agents.
Keep away from sources of heat and direct sunlight.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep the substance in its original container or a suitable, tightly closed container.

Temperature Control:
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.
Maintain storage temperatures within the specified range provided by the manufacturer.

Container Material:
Use containers made of materials compatible with the substance (e.g., high-density polyethylene or glass).
Ensure containers are tightly closed when not in use.

Preventive Measures:
Implement measures to prevent accidental releases and spills.
Provide suitable containment measures, such as spill kits, in the storage area.

Segregation:
Store Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate away from food and feedstuffs.
Segregate from incompatible substances to prevent potential reactions.

Labeling:
Ensure proper labeling of containers with relevant hazard information.
Clearly mark storage areas with appropriate signage.

Security Measures:
Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the storage area.

Handling Equipment:
Use handling equipment, such as pumps or scoops, designed for the safe transfer of the substance.

Monitoring:
Regularly monitor storage conditions and inspect containers for damage or leaks.

MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES


CAS Number: 65381-09-1/73398-61-5
EC Number : 277-452-2


Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are triglycerides with two or three fatty acids having an aliphatic tail of 6–12 carbon atoms, i.e. medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs).
Medium-chain triglycerides are a class of fatty acids.
Their chemical composition is of a shorter length than the long-chain fatty acids present in most other fats and oils, which accounts for their name.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are also different from other fats in that they have a slightly lower calorie content and they are more rapidly absorbed and burned as energy, resembling carbohydrate more than fat.
Medium Chain Triglycerides, more commonly referred to as MCTs, have made quite a splash in the nutrition world and with good reason—they are pretty amazing fats.
To understand what a medium chain triglyceride is, it is helpful to first understand the chemical structure of fats.


The fats we find in nature are generally triglycerides, which consist of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.
The fatty acids themselves are chains of carbon atoms varying in length from 4 carbons to 26 or more, commonly classified as short, medium and long chain.
In nature the fatty acids that make up a triglyceride are usually a combination of different length fatty acids and not three of the same length.


So a naturally occurring triglyceride is some combination of short, medium and long chain fatty acids.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a class of fatty acids.
Medium Chain Triglycerides's chemical composition is of a shorter length than the long-chain fatty acids present in most other fats and oils, which accounts for their name.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are also different from other fats in that they have a slightly lower calorie content1 and they are more rapidly absorbed and burned as energy, resembling carbohydrate more than fat.
Rich food sources for commercial extraction of Medium Chain Triglycerides include palm kernel oil and coconut oil.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are metabolized differently


Given the shorter chain length of Medium Chain Triglycerides, they’re rapidly broken down and absorbed into the body.
Unlike longer-chain fatty acids, Medium Chain Triglycerides go straight to your liver, where they can be used as an instant energy source or turned into ketones.
Ketones are substances produced when the liver breaks down large amounts of fat.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are naturally occurring fatty acids that can be very easily used by the body for energy.
Medium Chain Triglycerides work much like a carbohydrate in that they’re a readily available energy source but unlike carbs, MCTS can also aid in fat loss and lean muscle growth.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a popular supplement for those opting for higher fat diets such as keto.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are fats that are naturally found in coconut and palm kernel oil.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are more easily and rapidly digested than other types of fats, as they require lower amounts of enzymes and bile acids for intestinal absorption.
Medium Chain Triglyceridesare metabolized very quickly in the liver and are reported to encourage an increase in energy expenditure, while decreasing fat storage.


Numerous studies suggest that substituting Medium Chain Triglycerides Oil for other fats in a healthy diet may therefore help to support healthy weight and body composition.
Medium chain triglycerides is a medical food derived from fatty acids and safflower oil, a polyunsaturated fat.
Medium chain triglycerides does not contain protein or carbohydrates.


Store medium chain triglycerides at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
Medium-chain triglycerides are partially man-made fats.
The name refers to the way the carbon atoms are arranged in their chemical structure.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are generally made by processing coconut and palm kernel oils in the laboratory.


Medium Chain Triglycerides contain fatty acids that have a chain length of 6-12 carbon atoms.
The name refers to the way the carbon atoms are arranged in their chemical structure.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are generally made by processing coconut and palm kernel oils.
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is a concentrated source of medium-chain triglycerides.


Medium‐chain triglycerides are a type of fat which contain medium chain fatty acids.
Medium‐chain fatty acids contain between 8 to 12 carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains and are typically saturated.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are usually very limited in western diets with coconut and palm being the only rich sources.
The predominant form of fat in western diets is long‐chain triglyceride (LCT) which contain at least 14 carbon atoms in their fatty acid chains and can be saturated, polyunsaturated or monounsaturated.


Furthermore, one of the benefits of supplementing with Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is that it can easily be incorporated into a person’s daily diet.
Since Medium Chain Triglycerides comes in liquid form and is virtually odorless and tasteless, it can be easily added to other foods, such as shakes, coffee or broth, that are already part of typical meals.


Substituting it for other oils in homemade salad dressings is another simple way to ingest Medium Chain Triglycerides oil without the need for specialized recipes.
While it can be used as a cooking oil, it’s best to avoid doing so as Medium Chain Triglycerides oil has a low smoke point.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are triglycerides made up of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids with an aliphatic tail of six to 12 carbon atoms.


Medium Chain Triglyceridesare found in natural foods, such as coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and raw coconut meat.
In the body, Medium Chain Triglyceridesare broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids, which are directly absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the target organs to exert a range of biological and metabolic effects.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), in combination with other compounds like fish oils, soya oil, and olive oil, is indicated in adult and pediatric patients, including term and preterm neonates, as a source of calories and essential fatty acids for parenteral nutrition when oral or enteral nutrition is not possible, insufficient, or contraindicated.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are actually types of saturated fat; therefore they contribute to the saturated fat content of a food as labeled, despite not being treated like other saturated fats in the body.
As Medium Chain Triglycerides are saturated fats, they are not oxidized.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a versatile single or blend of saturated medium-chain-length fatty acids derived from renewable natural sources.
It can be easily absorbed and transported throughout the human body compared to long-chain triglycerides (LCTs).


Medium Chain Triglycerides are naturally occurring fatty acids that can be very easily used by the body for energy.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are generally considered a good biologically inert source of energy that the human body finds reasonably easy to metabolize.
Medium Chain Triglycerides have potentially beneficial attributes in protein metabolism, but may be contraindicated in some situations due to a reported tendency to induce ketogenesis and metabolic acidosis.


However, there is other evidence demonstrating no risk of ketoacidosis or ketonemia with Medium Chain Triglycerides at levels associated with normal consumption, and that the moderately elevated blood ketones can be an effective treatment for epilepsy.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are an ingredient in some specialised parenteral nutritional emulsions in some countries.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are fats that are made in a lab from coconut and palm kernel oils.


Typical dietary fats are called long-chain triglycerides.
In coconut oil, about half of the fatty acids are lauric acid.
Dairy products, on the other hand, contain primarily caprylic and capric acid and have lower concentrations of lauric acid.
However, palm and coconut oil still contain more Medium Chain Triglycerides than dairy products.


This is why they are the primary source for Medium Chain Triglycerides oil even though they contain a lower concentration of the caprylic and capric acid used for MCT oil.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a fat source for people who cannot tolerate other types of fats.
These fats might also improve weight loss because the body can more easily break them down into molecules called ketone bodies.
These ketone bodies can be used for energy.


Because the calories contained in Medium Chain Triglycerides are more efficiently turned into energy and used by the body, they’re less likely to be stored as fat.
If there’s an excess of Medium Chain Triglycerides, they too will eventually be stored as fat.
Medium-chain triglycerides are a type of saturated fat composed of fatty acids with 6–10 carbons in their acyl chain.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are found primarily in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, and dairy fat, and they appear to benefit fat loss to a minor extent when consumed in place of other dietary fat.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are a type of fat found in oils, such as coconut and palm oil.
In recent years, Medium Chain Triglycerides oil gained popularity as a supplement, with research suggesting health benefits ranging from increased energy to appetite control.


Increased interest in Medium Chain Triglycerides oil’s benefits is partially due to the rise of the ketogenic diet and influx of research on the benefits of coconut oil.
Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are a class of lipids in which three saturated fats are bound to a glycerol backbone.
What distinguishes Medium Chain Triglycerides from other triglycerides is the fact that each fat molecule is between six and twelve carbons in length.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are a component of many foods, with coconut and palm oils being the dietary sources with the highest concentration of Medium Chain Triglycerides.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are also available as a dietary supplement.
MCT oil is 100% Medium Chain Triglycerides, making it the most concentrated source of MCTs when compared to other oils, like coconut or palm.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are also found in palm kernel oil, butter and other milk products like cheese.
Grass-fed butter is composed of approximately 8% Medium Chain Triglycerides.
Dairy products, like full-fat yogurt, have about 8% to 9% Medium Chain Triglycerides.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are in the form of saturated fatty acids.


The difference between MCT (Medium Chain Triglyceride) and LCT (Long Chain Triglyceride) is the length of their carbon chains.
Medium Chain Triglyceride has a chain length of six to twelve carbons.
LCTs have a carbon length of fourteen or more.
The length of the carbon chain determines the physical and chemical properties and metabolism of fats in the human body.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are available both naturally and synthetically.
Natural Medium Chain Triglycerides are most commonly found in coconut but also palm kernel oil, milk, cheese and butter.
SCT: Small Chain Triglycerides
MCT: Medium Chain Triglycerides
LCT: Long Chain Triglycerides


Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) have become popular among individuals who want to lose weight and among athletes.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are composed of fatty acids that contain between 6 and 12 carbon molecules.
We commonly consume foods high in long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) that have more than 12 carbon molecules.
Foods high in LCTs include nuts, seeds, avocados, fish, and meat; however, there are only a handful of foods that are high in Medium Chain

Triglycerides (human breast milk, cow’s milk, goat’s milk, coconut oil, palm kernel oil, coconut meat, and dried coconut).
Some studies have shown that Medium Chain Triglycerides can help in the process of excess calorie burning, thus weight loss.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are also seen as promoting fat oxidation and reduced food intake.
Medium Chain Triglycerides have been recommended by some endurance athletes and the bodybuilding community.


While health benefits from Medium Chain Triglycerides seem to occur, a link to improved exercise performance is inconclusive.
A number of studies back the use of Medium Chain Triglycerides oil as a weight loss supplement.
Triglycerides are composed of a glycerol “backbone” and three fatty acids attached to that glycerol backbone, hence the name “triglycerides” (the scientific and more appropriate name is actually “triacylglycerol”).
Furthermore, the fatty acids that make up a triglyceride can be monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, or saturated.


The saturation denotes the number of double bonds or “open spaces,” if you will, on each fatty acid.
In addition, every fat has some combination of monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, or saturated fatty acid.
However, it is the predominant type of fatty acid that defines each type of fat.
For example, olive oil has mostly monounsaturated fatty acids, soybean oil has mostly polyunsaturated fatty acids, and butter has mostly saturated fatty acids.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are incorporated into the intestinal mucosal cells without the need for intraluminal lipase or bile salt.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a class of lipids in which three intermediate carbon length saturated fats are bound to a glycerol backbone; the structure is called triacylglycerols or triglycerides.
Medium Chain Triglyceridesare distinguished from other triacylglycerols in that each fat molecule is between six and twelve carbons in length


These differences in physical properties have led, since the 1960s, to the use of Medium Chain Triglycerides to improve various lipid absorption disorders and malnutrition.
More than half a century has passed since Medium Chain Triglycerideswere first used in the medical field.
It has been reported that they not only have properties as an energy source, but also have various physiological effects, such as effects on fat and protein metabolism.


The enhancement of fat oxidation through ingestion of Medium Chain Triglycerides has led to interest in the study of body fat reduction and improvement of endurance during exercise.
Recently, Medium Chain Triglycerides have also been shown to promote protein anabolism and inhibit catabolism, and applied research has been conducted into the prevention of frailty in the elderly.


An emphasis on low-carb diets and macronutrients has also driven the growth of medium-chain triglycerides in the food industry.
Medium-chain triglycerides, or MCTs, are metabolized more quickly than other fatty acids to provide energy without being stored as fat.
Medium Chain Triglycerides also provide many other health benefits that position them as a popular dietary supplement whose use is likely to continue to grow in the future.


Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are fats that occur naturally in some foods, such as whole foods and dairy products, but they are also manufactured for their value as a healthier dietary fat.
Triglycerides are a chemical compound that is composed of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acids.
These fatty acids can have different numbers of carbon atoms attached to them, forming an aliphatic tail which determines the type of triglyceride.


Long-chain triglycerides (LCTs), which are the most common dietary fat, have 13 to 21 carbons in each aliphatic tail.
Short-chain triglycerides have fewer than six carbons attached to each fatty acid.
Medium-chain triglycerides fall right in the middle with an aliphatic tail of six to 12 carbon atoms on at least two out of three fatty acids.
Compared to LCTs, Medium Chain Triglycerides are easier for the body to metabolize quickly, meaning they are less likely to be stored as fat.
The body cannot metabolize LCTs as efficiently, and excess LCTs are stored as fat.


Medium Chain Triglycerides, on the other hand, can travel immediately to the liver after they are consumed to be used as instant energy.
Medium Chain Triglycerides can also be turned into ketones which can travel from the blood to the brain to serve as an alternative energy source to glucose.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a specific fraction of coconut / palm oil fatty acids resulting in only the more stable, and skin loving oil.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are also known as MCT OIL.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are fats that are naturally found in coconut and palm kernel oils.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are more easily and rapidly digested than other types of fats.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are readily absorbed from the GI tract and are metabolized very quickly by the liver, where they are reported to encourage the use of fat for energy rather than for storage.


Numerous studies suggest that substituting Medium Chain Triglycerides Oil for other fats in a healthy diet may therefore help to support healthy weight and body composition.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are more easily and rapidly digested than other types of fats.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are readily absorbed from the GI tract and metabolized very quickly by the liver, where they are reported to encourage the use of fat for energy rather than for storage.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are fats that are metabolized differently than most dietary fats.
Unlike longer chain triglycerides, Medium Chain Triglycerides require little or no enzymatic breakdown and are easily absorbed across the wall of the small intestine and delivered straight to the liver where they can be used directly for energy production (instead of being stored as fat).


In essence, they act similar to carbohydrates, but without the requirement of insulin and with no effect on blood sugar.
Studies have demonstrated that Medium Chain Triglycerides oil consumption along with a healthy diet can help to maintain a healthy body weight while sparing lean tissue.
The following grades are available based on the percentage of C8 in the Medium Chain Triglycerides: – 99% C8; 98% C8; 95% C8; 70% C8; 60% C8 – the balance percentage being C10.


Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is produced in a process called fractionation that extracts the caprylic and capric acid from the other fats in the coconut or palm oil.
Once these Medium Chain Triglycerides are isolated, a chemical process called lipase esterification is used to produce triglycerides using the enzyme lipase.
Next, the lipase is filtered out, and the oil goes through deacidification, bleaching and deodorizing.


After a quality analysis, the final product of Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is ready for consumption.
Despite being produced in a lab, Medium Chain Triglycerides oil contains entirely natural fats.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are fats with an unusual chemical structure that allows the body to digest them easily.
Most fats are broken down in the intestine and remade into a special form that can be transported in the blood.


But Medium Chain Triglycerides are absorbed intact and taken to the liver, where they are used directly for energy.
In this sense, Medium Chain Triglycerides are processed very similarly to carbohydrates.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are different enough from other fats that they can be used as fat substitutes by people (especially those with AIDS) who need calories but are unable to absorb or metabolize normal fats.


Medium Chain Triglycerides have also shown a bit of promise for improving body composition and enhancing athletic performance.
There is no dietary requirement for Medium Chain Triglycerides.
Coconut oil, palm oil, and butter contain up to 15% Medium Chain Triglycerides (plus a lot of other fats).
You can also buy Medium Chain Triglycerides as purified supplements.


Most Medium Chain Triglycerides oil contains caprylic acid (C8), capric acid (C10) or a combination of both.
Typically the proportion of Medium Chain Triglycerides in MCT oil is 50 to 80 percent caprylic acid and 20 to 50 percent capric acid.
Caproic acid (C6) is often removed from Medium Chain Triglycerides oil because it can have an unpleasant taste and smell.
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil typically does not contain lauric acid (C12) either because its benefits are debated.


Because lauric acid contains 12 carbons, it is on the cusp of being a long-chain triglyceride.
Some argue that lauric acid may act the same as an LCT in the body and be more difficult to absorb and process.
Caprylic and capric acid are valuable for MCT oil because they can be more rapidly absorbed and processed in the body than other fatty acids.
Some studies have, however, found that use of Medium Chain Triglycerides might produce improvements in body composition (ratio of fat to lean tissue).


A related supplement called structured medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols (SMLCT) has been created to provide the same potential benefits as Medium Chain Triglycerides , but in a form that can be used as cooking oil.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are fats found in foods like coconut oil.
Medium Chain Triglycerides’re metabolized differently than the long-chain triglycerides (LCT) found in most other foods.
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is a supplement that contains a lot of these fats and is claimed to have many health benefits.


Triglyceride is simply the technical term for fat.
Triglycerides have two main purposes.
They’re either burned for energy or stored as body fat.
Triglycerides are named after their chemical structure, specifically the length of their fatty acid chains.


All triglycerides consist of a glycerol molecule and three fatty acids.
The majority of fat in your diet is made up of long-chain fatty acids, which contain 13–21 carbons.
Short-chain fatty acids have fewer than 6 carbon atoms.
In contrast, the medium-chain fatty acids in Medium Chain Triglycerides have 6–12 carbon atoms.


The following are the main medium-chain fatty acids:
C6: caproic acid or hexanoic acid
C8: caprylic acid or octanoic acid
C10: capric acid or decanoic acid
C12: lauric acid or dodecanoic acid


Some experts argue that C6, C8, and C10, which are referred to as the “capra fatty acids,” reflect the definition of Medium Chain Triglycerides more accurately than C12 (lauric acid).
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a useful fat substitute for those who have difficulty digesting fat.
This makes Medium Chain Triglycerides potentially helpful for people with AIDS, who need to find a way to gain weight but cannot digest fat easily.


Medium Chain Triglycerides might theoretically be helpful for those who have trouble digesting fatty foods because they lack the proper enzymes (pancreatic insufficiency), but taking digestive enzymes appears to be more effective.
Although this may sound paradoxical given the above, some evidence suggests that Medium Chain Triglycerides consumption might also enhance the body's natural tendency to burn fat.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
Due to their ability to be absorbed rapidly by the body, Medium Chain Triglycerides have found use in the treatment of a variety of malabsorption ailments.
Medium Chain Triglycerides supplementation with a low-fat diet has been described as the cornerstone of treatment for Waldmann disease.
Studies have also shown promising results for epilepsy through the use of ketogenic dieting.


People use Medium Chain Triglycerides for involuntary weight loss called cachexia or wasting syndrome.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are also used for obesity, seizures, athletic performance, Alzheimer disease.
Since the Medium Chain Triglycerides are digested quicker than the LCT, it gets to be used as energy first.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are used in parenteral nutrition therapy: they serve as a source of calories and essential fatty acids in conditions associated with malnutrition and malabsorption.


Medium Chain Triglyceridesare also available as over-the-counter natural products and health supplements.
Medium-chain triglycerides have played a role in the food and beverage industry for several years, but their use has skyrocketed in the last decade as more consumers are seeking whole foods and healthy fats for nutrition and weight loss.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are used as a source of fat in semi-elemental feeds for patients who have digestive issues or problems breaking down the more structurally complicated nutrients that we find in regular diets.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are also better tolerated in those diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disorders like Crohn’s and colitis and post gallbladder removal.
Athletes, especially long-distance runners and cyclists, often prefer to supplement with Medium Chain Triglycerides, including them as a significant contribution to calorie intake, especially in the run-up to an event.


Often these athletes may even prioritize their intake of Medium Chain Triglycerides over additional carbs, as MCTs provide an equally efficient source of energy, but in a more concentrated form; i.e. you need less for a similar amount of energy (carbs provide 4 kcal per gram).
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil can also be used as a substitute for conventional oils in salad dressings, sauces, or cooking.
Medium Chain Triglycerides can be eaten as salad oil or used in cooking.


When taken as an athletic supplement, dosages around 85 mg daily are common.
Athletes often sip carbohydrate-loaded drinks during exercise.
Medium Chain Triglycerides may provide an alternative.
Like other fats, they provide more energy per ounce than carbohydrates; but unlike normal fats, this energy can be released rapidly.


Medium Chain Triglycerides work much like a carbohydrate in that they’re a readily available energy source but unlike carbs, MCTs can also aid in fat loss and lean muscle growth.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a popular supplement for those opting for higher fat diets such as keto.
The different clinical applications of Medium Chain Triglycerides include liver and gallbladder disease, pancreatic enzyme insufficiency, pancreatitis, chylothorax, intestinal lymphangiectasia and type 1 hyperlipidemia.


All require the manipulation of dietary fat for successful dietetic management.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are used along with usual medications for treating food absorption disorders including diarrhea, steatorrhea (fat indigestion), celiac disease, liver disease, and digestion problems due to partial surgical removal of the stomach (gastrectomy) or the intestine (short bowel syndrome).
Usual dietary fats, by comparison, are long-chain triglycerides.


People use Medium Chain Triglycerides as medicine.
Medium Chain Triglyceridesare also used for “milky urine” (chyluria) and a rare lung condition called chylothorax.
Other uses of Medium Chain Triglycerides include treatment of gallbladder disease, AIDS, cystic fibrosis, Alzheimer's disease, and seizures in children.


Athletes sometimes use Medium Chain Triglycerides for nutritional support during training, as well as for decreasing body fat and increasing lean muscle mass.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are sometimes used as a source of fat in total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
In TPN, all food is delivered intravenously (by IV).
This type of feeding is necessary in people whose gastrointestinal (GI) tract is no longer working.


Intravenous Medium Chain Triglycerides are also given to prevent muscle breakdown in critically ill patients.
Medium chain triglycerides may be mixed with fruit juice, used on salad or vegetables, used in cooking or baking, or otherwise blended in with sauces or other foods.
Medium chain triglycerides is for dietary use in people whose bodies cannot digest certain foods properly.


This includes people who are gluten or lactose intolerant, or who have unintended weight loss or need increased calories for other medical reasons.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are medium-chain (6 to 12 carbons) fatty acid esters of glycerol most frequently used in nutraceutical foods and beverages, as well as cosmeceutical personal care products.


Medium Chain Triglycerides are often used as high-quality carriers and emollients in the formulation of cosmetics to be certified according to the Natural and Organic Ecocert Standards and regularly used in flavorings and fragrances due to their bland taste and low natural odor.
In the human body, Medium Chain Triglycerides passively diffuse from the GI tract into the portal vein without the modification that long-chain fatty acids or very-long-chain fatty acids require.


Since Medium Chain Triglycerides are bland compared to other fats and do not generate flavor or fragrance off-notes, they are used in personal care products and pharmaceuticals.
In food, beverage and nutraceutical applications, Medium Chain Triglycerides ingredients rapidly absorb into the body and serve as potentially good energy sources for daily exercise enthusiasts, athletes and bodybuilders.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are often incorporated into beverages, mixes, nutritional bars or energy foods.


-Fat malabsorption:
A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 24 men and women with AIDS suggests that Medium Chain Triglycerides can help improve AIDS-related fat malabsorption.
In this disorder, fat is not digested; it passes unchanged through the intestines, and the body is deprived of calories as well as fat-soluble vitamins.


-Uses of Medium Chain Triglycerides:
*Food Additive
*Phamaceutical
*massage oil
*perfume carrier
*general carrier oil
*light weight moisturizer for all skin types
*Also known as Fractionated Coconut Oil


-Technical uses of Medium Chain Triglycerides:
Medium Chain Triglycerides are bland compared to other fats and do not generate off-notes (dissonant tastes) as quickly as LCTs.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are also more polar than LCTs.
Because of these attributes, Medium Chain Triglycerides are widely used as carrier oils or solvents for flavours and oral medicines and vitamins.


-Applications of Medium Chain Triglycerides in Foods:
In the 1950s, the production of processed fats and oils from coconut oil was popular in the United States.
It became necessary to find uses for the medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) that were byproducts of the process, and a production method for Medium Chain Triglycerides was established.
At the time of this development, its use as a non-fattening fat was being studied.
In the early days MCFAs included fatty acids ranging from hexanoic acid (C6:0) to dodecanoic acid (C12:0), but today their compositions vary among manufacturers and there seems to be no clear definition.
MCFAs are more polar than long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) because of their shorter chain length, and their hydrolysis and absorption properties differ greatly.


-Pharma relevance:
Medium Chain Triglycerides can be used in solutions, liquid suspensions and lipid-based drug delivery systems for emulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, creams, ointments, gels and foams as well as suppositories.
Medium Chain Triglyceridesare also suitable for use as solvent and liquid oily lubricant in soft gels.
Brand names of pharma-grade MCT include Kollisolv MCT 70.


-Medical relevance:
Medium Chain Triglycerides passively diffuse from the GI tract to the portal system (longer fatty acids are absorbed into the lymphatic system) without requirement for modification like long-chain fatty acids or very-long-chain fatty acids.
In addition, Medium Chain Triglycerides do not require bile salts for digestion.
Patients who have malnutrition, malabsorption or particular fatty-acid metabolism disorders are treated with Medium Chain Triglycerides because MCTs do not require energy for absorption, use, or storage.


-Increases exercise performance:
Because they can increase energy levels and burn fat, Medium Chain Triglycerides can boost exercise performance for athletes and bodybuilders.
Consuming Medium Chain Triglycerides oil before exercise can lead to better workouts.
Medium Chain Triglycerides can also increase lean muscle mass while decreasing body fat.


-Improves gut health and digestion:
Medium Chain Triglycerides improve gut health by killing harmful bacteria without impacting good bacteria in the gut.
Medium Chain Triglycerides can prevent diarrhea and fat indigestion.
Medium Chain Triglycerides can also aid in restoring proper digestive functions for those who have experienced a gastrectomy.


-Improves cognitive health:
Consuming Medium Chain Triglycerides may lead to better focus and more clear thinking.
Because the brain is composed of fatty acids, improved gut health has a positive impact on brain functioning.
The ketones produced by Medium Chain Triglycerides are also able to fuel the central nervous system better than LCTs because they can pass through the blood-brain barrier.
Medium Chain Triglycerides may also be able to slow the effects of dementia in those with Alzheimer’s disease by providing ketones to the brain.


-Lowers risk of diabetes:
Medium Chain Triglycerides may be beneficial for those who have diabetes as they can lower blood sugar levels and increase insulin sensitivity.
Better insulin sensitivity is also an important factor in the prevention of diabetes in those who are at high risk.
Consuming Medium Chain Triglycerides can also help reduce body weight which is another risk factor for diabetes.


-Pharmacokinetics uses of Medium Chain Triglycerides:
Medium Chain Triglycerides have a different pattern of absorption and utilization than long chain triglycerides (LCTs) that make up 97 percent of dietary fats.
For absorption of LCTs to occur, the fatty acid chains must be
separated from the glycerol backbone by the lipase enzyme.
These fatty acids form micelles, are then absorbed and reattached to glycerol, and the resultant triglycerides travel through the lymphatics en route to the bloodstream.
Up to 30 percent of Medium Chain Triglycerides are absorbed intact across the intestinal barrier and directly enter the portal vein.
This allows for much quicker absorption and utilization of Medium Chain Triglycerides compared to LCTs.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are transported into the mitochondria independent of the carnitine shuttle, which is necessary for
LCT-mitochondrial absorption. Oxidation of Medium Chain Triglycerides provides 8.3 calories per gram.



MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OILS IN BEAUTY PRODUCTS:
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is a relatively new player in the beauty and personal care sectors but is poised to become a valuable addition.
Following the popularity of coconut oil in skin care, moisturizers and other beauty products, Medium Chain Triglycerides can offer many of the same benefits.
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is great for adding moisture to the skin or lips and can be incorporated in lotions, moisturizers or creams.
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is lightweight and does not leave skin feeling oily or greasy when used as a moisturizer.



TYPES OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
There are a few types of Medium Chain Triglycerides, consisting of different numbers of carbon atoms:
C6: caproic acid
C8: caprylic acid
C10: capric acid
C12: lauric acid
The number of carbon atoms in a triglyceride determines how the body processes them for energy.
In general, the longer the chain, the harder for the body to process into ATP—[which is] the energy currency of the cells in our bodies.
Since Medium Chain Triglycerides are shorter, they are the preferred energy sources when using fat for energy.
The body also utilizes short-chain triglycerides (or short-chain fatty acids) for energy, which are derived from the fermentation of dietary fibers and undigested sugars by bacteria in the gut.



WHAT ELSE IS MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES KNOWN AS?
Note that Medium-chain Triglycerides is also known as:
MCTs
MCT oil
medium-chain fatty acids
Medium-chain Triglycerides should not be confused with:
coconut oil



SOME FOODS THAT ARE RICH IN MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
*Coconut oil:
As the primary source for Medium Chain Triglycerides oil, more than 60 percent of the fatty acids in coconut oil are Medium Chain Triglycerides.
While coconut oil contains a higher concentration of lauric acid, it still has the highest percentage of caprylic and capric acid making up 13 percent of its fatty acids.

*Palm kernel oil:
Another rich source of Medium Chain Triglycerides, the fatty acids in palm kernel oil are over 50 percent Medium Chain Triglycerides with about 7 percent being caprylic and capric acid.

*Coconut meat and cream:
Coconut meat and cream also rank high as Medium Chain Triglycerides-rich whole foods and contain a good percentage of caprylic and capric acid, at eight and four percent respectively.

*Dairy products:
Butter, goat cheese and feta cheese are all great natural sources of Medium Chain Triglycerides, with percentages ranging from four to eight percent of their fatty acids.
Other cheeses, creams and milk contain Medium Chain Triglycerides as well but in smaller proportions.

While whole foods are a great way to naturally introduce more Medium Chain Triglycerides into your diet, they still contain a relatively low percentage of Medium Chain Triglycerides compared to MCT oil.
Whole foods with Medium Chain Triglycerides also contain lauric acid and LCTs that some consumers seek to avoid and which can slow down the rapid metabolizing of MCT for energy.
Supplementing with Medium Chain Triglycerides oil can allow consumers to avoid lauric acid and other fatty acids while reaping the benefits of caprylic and capric acids.
MCT oil contains 100 percent caprylic and capric acid, meaning consumers do not need to ingest as high of a quantity to receive the same benefits as they would with coconut oil, palm kernel oil or other whole food medium-chain triglyceride sources.



SOURCES OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
There are two main ways to increase your intake of Medium Chain Triglycerides — through whole food sources or supplements like MCT oil.



MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES IN FOODS:
Medium Chain Triglycerides are not that common in foods, but are found in small amounts in dairy fats like butter (about 8.3g per 100g) and some types of cheese.



BENEFITS OF INGESTING MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
Besides the aforementioned ease with which they are metabolized for energy, Medium Chain Triglycerides are beneficial because they may aid in weight loss.
This is due to their ability to help the body burn fat and to experience a sensation of fullness.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are lower themselves in calories per gram when compared to long-chain triglycerides.
Medium Chain Triglycerides may help the body reach ketosis, a metabolic state in which fuel comes principally from fat.
As fuel sources go, ketones are considered preferable over glucose, especially if the area being fueled is the brain.
In addition, Medium Chain Triglycerides have antimicrobial properties and may help promote a healthy gut in which good bacteria are more likely to thrive.
Medium Chain Triglycerides Oil Makes Consuming These Beneficial Fats Easy.
Medium-chain triglycerides can be obtained by eating foods that naturally contain them.
Coconuts and dairy products are examples of these, but it’s not always easy or practical to consume them on a regular basis and in the necessary quantities.



BENEFITS OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are types of fat which have shown to provide benefits to health and performance.
Triglycerides are the main constituents of fats, and each triglyceride is made up of three fatty acids with a backbone of glycerol.
The majority of fats found in our food are long-chain triglycerides (LCTs).
Medium Chain Triglycerides are triglycerides in which the fatty acids in their structure are 6 to 12 carbon atoms in length.
There are four main fatty acids that make up Medium Chain Triglycerides – known as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) – and the number denotes their chain length:
C6:0 Caproic acid
C8:0 Caprylic acid
C10:0 Capric acid
C12:0 Lauric acid



HEALTH BENEFITS OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
Because Medium Chain Triglycerides are so easily absorbed, they have been used clinically since the 1950s in cases of pancreatic insufficiency, fat malabsorption and in total parenteral nutrition.
Later Medium Chain Triglycerides were added to preterm infant formulas.
More recently, Medium Chain Triglycerides have drawn the attention of athletes and those looking to enhance their production of ketones.
Including Medium Chain Triglycerides in the diet may support the following health goals.
Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are a class of lipids in which three saturated fats are bound to a glycerol backbone.
What distinguishes Medium Chain Triglycerides from other triglycerides is the fact that each fat molecule is between six and twelve carbons in length.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are a component of many foods, with coconut and palm oils being the dietary sources with the highest concentration of Medium Chain Triglycerides.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are also available as a dietary supplement.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES AND MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OIL:
Medium Chain Triglycerides and Medium Chain Triglycerides oil have gained popularity as a health food and dietary supplement because of the numerous benefits they offer.
In addition to providing quick and efficient energy, Medium Chain Triglycerides oil can aid in weight loss, improve brain functioning and provide treatment for digestive diseases.
Here are a few of the main health benefits of Medium Chain Triglycerides and Medium Chain Triglycerides oil:
Maintains healthy weight loss and management:
*Medium Chain Triglycerides and Medium Chain Triglycerides oil have a variety of properties that aid in weight loss and management.
*Compared to LCTs, Medium Chain Triglycerides have fewer calories but can better increase the feeling of fullness and reduce appetite.
*Medium Chain Triglycerides are also burned more rapidly by the body and are less likely to be stored as fat.
*Some studies have shown that Medium Chain Triglycerides may even increase the body’s ability to burn fat, to reduce accumulation of body fat and help prevent obesity.
*Medium Chain Triglycerides can be particularly beneficial for those on a ketogenic diet, as they produce ketones that allow a person to consume more carbs while maintaining a state of ketosis.



WHAT IS MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OIL?
In nutrition, not all fats are created equal.
Healthier fats are typically considered monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
For example, omega-3 fatty acids, like EPA and DHA, are a type of polyunsaturated fat that plays an important role in regulating inflammation in the body.
Healthy fat sources include wild-caught salmon and sardines, avocado, walnuts, almonds, ground chia and flax seeds, flax seed oil, olive oil and avocado oil.
Less healthy fats include saturated fats and trans fats.

While Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is a manufactured source of saturated fat—usually derived from coconut or palm oils—it differs from other fat sources.
Most fatty acids are long-chain, meaning they contain 13 to 21 carbon atoms, while short-chain fatty acids contain fewer than six carbon atoms.
Medium-chain fatty acids like those found in MCT, however, contain six to 12 carbon atoms.
It’s worth noting, however, current dietary guidelines recommend limiting saturated fat to no more than 10% of maximum daily total calories, and specifically highlight coconut oil, palm kernel oil and palm oil as high sources of saturated fat.



WHAT ARE THE SOURCES OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OIL?
MCT oil is most often made from coconut or palm kernel oil, and is produced by extracting pure Medium Chain Triglycerides from the whole food.
Coconut oil is the primary source for Medium Chain Triglycerides oil, but palm kernel oil is also very common, making up nearly 34 percent of MCT oil production.
Consumers sometimes confuse Medium Chain Triglycerides oil and coconut oil as being the same product, but coconut oil contains all four types of Medium Chain Triglycerides as well as other fats.
MCT oil, on the other hand, contains only specific Medium Chain Triglycerides and no other kinds of fats.



POSSIBLE HEALTH BENEFITS OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OIL
-Weight loss:
Feeling full is a good way to stop the snacking and extra eating that can lead to extra pounds — and Medium Chain Triglycerides oil may be able to help in that regard.
Researchers found that Medium Chain Triglycerides oil may promote the release of hormones that signal your belly is at capacity, which can reduce appetite.
The study connected the usage of Medium Chain Triglycerides oil with lower overall food intake.
Another study suggested that Medium Chain Triglycerides oil could promote a small amount of weight loss, though it noted more research is needed to gauge its potential.
-A quick energy boost:
As an easily digested form of fat, Medium Chain Triglycerides oil can provide a quick burst of energy after being consumed.
(The properties of MCT oil allow it to bypass some of your body’s normal absorption process.)
-Improved athletic performance:
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is a proven performance enhancer.



HOW MANUFACTURERS AND CONSUMERS USE MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OIL:
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is quickly growing in popularity as a dietary supplement, and many consumers and manufacturers are using MCT oil as a food additive for health foods and beverages.
Its ability to boost energy and performance makes Medium Chain Triglycerides oil a popular additive for energy bars, drinks and powdered protein shakes.
Because it is colorless and tasteless, Medium Chain Triglycerides oil can be consumed plain or added to a wide variety of products without altering their flavor.
Many consumers incorporate Medium Chain Triglycerides oil into homemade recipes as well for additional health benefits.
Below are some popular ways to consume Medium Chain Triglycerides oil:

*Medium Chain Triglycerides coffee:
Blending coconut oil or Medium Chain Triglycerides oil into coffee is one of the most popular uses for MCT oil.
This MCT-charged coffee provides a boost of energy and helps stimulate the brain at the start of the day.

*Smoothies:
Adding Medium Chain Triglycerides oil to post or pre-workout shakes or smoothies provides more energy for exercising and helps aid in recovery after high-intensity workouts.

*Salad dressings or marinades:
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil can add smoothness to salad dressing or marinade, without altering the flavor.

*Sauces:
Because Medium Chain Triglycerides oil has a very low smoke point, it can only be used for cooking at low temperatures.
This makes it a perfect addition to sauces that can simmer without reducing the effectiveness of the Medium Chain Triglycerides.

*Homemade energy bars:
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil can be used to make delicious and healthy energy balls or bars when blended with dried fruit, nut butter, coconut or cacao powder.



FOOD SOURCES OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
The following foods are the richest sources of medium-chain triglycerides, including lauric acid, and listed along with their percentage composition of Medium Chain Triglycerides:
coconut oil: 55%
palm kernel oil: 54%
whole milk: 9%
butter: 8%
Although the sources above are rich in Medium Chain Triglycerides, their composition of them varies.

For example, coconut oil contains all four types of MCTs, plus a small amount of LCTs.
However, its Medium Chain Triglycerides consist of greater amounts of lauric acid (C12) and smaller amounts of the capra fatty acids (C6, C8, and C10).
In fact, coconut oil is about 42% lauric acid, making it one of the best natural sources of this fatty acid.
Compared with coconut oil, dairy sources tend to have a higher proportion of capra fatty acids and a lower proportion of lauric acid.
In milk, capra fatty acids make up 4–12% of all fatty acids, and lauric acid (C12) makes up 2–5%



WHAT FOODS CONTAIN MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES?
Medium Chain Triglycerides are found primarily in coconut oil, palm kernel oil, coconut products, and dairy products.
Palm kernel oil, coconut oil and other coconut products contain higher concentrations of lauric acid and lower concentrations of caprylic and capric acid.



HOW MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES WORKS:
Medium Chain Triglycerides has many different clinical applications which relate to it being a useful source of energy when LCT needs to be restricted.
Due to having a shorter chain length, Medium Chain Triglycerides is digested and transported differently to LCT: it does not require bile acids/salts to emulsify it; it is more easily hydrolysed than LCT; it is absorbed directly into the portal venous circulation.
Medium Chain Triglycerides does not need to be packaged into chylomicrons and therefore does not use the lymphatic system for transportation unlike LCT.



METABOLISM OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
Medium chain triglycerides are hydrolyzed by lipoprotein lipase to glycerol and medium-chain free fatty acids such as alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid.
Free fatty acids then undergo β-oxidation in the organs such as the liver, kidneys, and heart.
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid are metabolized within a common biochemical pathway through a series of desaturation and elongation steps.
Downstream products of alpha-linolenic acid are eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linoleic acid is converted to arachidonic acid.



ABSORPTION OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
Medium Chain Triglycerides are rapidly absorbed.
Medium Chain Triglycerides passively and directly diffuse across the gastrointestinal tract into the portal system then to liver, where they are oxidized.



DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, AND METABOLISM OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
As well as being structurally different from LCTs, Medium Chain Triglycerides are absorbed and metabolized in a different way and are treated more like an energy-dense carbohydrate source than a fat.
Indeed, they are slightly less energy-dense than LCTs in that they provide approximately 8.3 kcal per gram compared to 9.0 kcal per gram.

After digestion, Medium Chain Triglycerides are absorbed differently to other fats in that they passively cross the small intestine wall.
LCTs, on the other hand, are absorbed into the lymphatic system.
Also, Medium Chain Triglycerides do not require bile salts for digestion, so humans find MCTs easier to digest and metabolize.
The rate at which Medium Chain Triglycerides are absorbed is similar to that of glucose and faster than that of LCTs.



VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION:
The apparent volumes of distribution have been researched as approximately 4.5 L for Medium Chain Triglycerides and 19 L for medium chain fatty acids in a typical 70-kg subject



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) are broken down into glycerol and medium-chain fatty acids, which are directly absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the target organs, where they undergo β-oxidation to form acetyl-CoA.
The β-oxidation is the most common mechanism of action for energy production derived from fatty acid metabolism.
Because medium-chain fatty acids are rapidly oxidized, it leads to greater energy expenditure.
Fatty acids are important substrates for energy production and also play a critical role in membrane structure and function.
Additionally, fatty acids act as precursors for bioactive molecules (such as prostaglandins) and as regulators of gene expression.
Fatty acids may mediate their effects on energy expenditure, food consumption, and fat deposition by upregulating the expression and protein levels of genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism via activating Akt and AMPK signaling pathways and inhibiting the TGF-β signaling pathway.
It is proposed that the promotion of weight loss by Medium Chain Triglycerides may be due to sympathetic activation of brown fat thermogenesis.



PHARMACODYNAMICS:
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) contained in injectable lipid emulsions serve as a source of calories and essential fatty acids, which are important substrate for energy production.
It is proposed that Medium Chain Triglycerides induces weight loss through increasing energy expenditure and fat oxidation, and altering body composition.
However, it is unknown whether the effects of Medium Chain Triglycerides on energy expenditure and body weight are long-lasting and sustainable.
Medium Chain Triglycerides can also play a role in food intake and satiety, as some studies showed that MCT consumption led to reduced food intake.
While Medium Chain Triglycerides was shown to reduce energy intake, it was not shown to affect appetite.
Medium Chain Triglycerides may facilitate the absorption of calcium.



WHAT IS MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES OIL?
Medium Chain Triglycerides are fats which the body can burn for fuel.
Medium Chain Triglycerides’re found in foods and are desirable because they’re metabolized more efficiently than their long-chain counterparts and are thus less likely to be stored as fat.
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil contains these triglycerides in concentrated form.

It’s a man-made product, created when Medium Chain Triglycerides are extracted and isolated from coconut oil or palm kernel oil, the two richest sources of these fatty acids.
Medium Chain Triglycerides oil is a highly concentrated source of medium-chain triglycerides.
It’s man-made via a process called fractionation.
This involves extracting and isolating the Medium Chain Triglycerides from coconut or palm kernel oil.
Medium Chain Triglycerides oils generally contain either 100% caprylic acid (C8), 100% capric acid (C10), or a combination of the two.

Caproic acid (C6) is not normally included due to its unpleasant taste and smell.
Meanwhile, lauric acid (C12) is often missing or present in only small amounts (9Trusted Source).
Given that lauric acid is the main component in coconut oil, be careful of manufacturers who market Medium Chain Triglycerides oils as “liquid coconut oil,” which is misleading.
Many advocates market Medium Chain Triglycerides oil as better than coconut oil because caprylic acid (C8) and capric acid (C10) are thought to be more rapidly absorbed and processed for energy, compared with lauric acid (C12)



MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS:
Medium Chain Triglycerides are found mainly in palm seed oil and coconut oil.
Medium Chain Triglycerides are obtained from these oils using special methods and then esterified into new triglycerides (fat molecules).
Medium Chain Triglycerides have a broad range of applications.
Medium Chain Triglycerides can be used in different galenic forms, e.g. as a substrate or lubricant in tablets, soft gel capsules and dragées, or as a solubilizer, emulsifier and suppository base.



THERE ARE A FEW MAIN TYPES OF MEDIUM CHAIN FATTY ACIDS THAT ARE DEFINED BY THE LENGTH OF THEIR ALIPHATIC TAIL:
*Caproic acid or hexanoic acid (C6):
As the shortest Medium Chain Triglycerides with six carbons in its aliphatic tail, caproic acid metabolizes very quickly.
Because it can have an unpleasant taste or smell, caproic acid is typically removed during the manufacturing of Medium Chain Triglycerides oil.
*Caprylic acid or octanoic acid (C8):
Because of its anti-microbial properties, caprylic acid is effective for maintaining a healthy gut.
Caprylic acid is the second most efficient Medium Chain Triglycerides after caproic acid but does not have an offensive taste or smell.
For this reason, caprylic acid is often the primary Medium Chain Triglycerides used in MCT oil.
*Capric acid or decanoic acid (C10):
While capric acid metabolizes a bit slower than caprylic acid, it still turns into ketones very quickly in the liver.
Capric is the other most common Medium Chain Triglycerides used for MCT oil.
*Lauric acid or dodecanoic acid (C12):
Lauric acid makes up most of the Medium Chain Triglycerides in coconut oil, however, it is often removed from MCT oil.
Compared to other Medium Chain Triglycerides, lauric acid is the slowest to metabolize but still provides anti-microbial properties and other health benefits.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
Appearance (physical state, color, etc.): Colourless liquid
Melting point: < -5°C
Boiling point: Approx 230°C @ 760 mmHg
Flash point: > 230°C (Cleveland open cup)
Density: Approx 0.93-0.96 g/ml at 20 °C
Particle Size Distribution: Not applicable
Vapor Pressure: 3 mbar @ 20 °C
Partition coefficient : n-octanol/water: Not available
Water Solubility: Insoluble @ 20 °C
Surface Tension: Not available
Auto Flammability: Not available
Flammability: Not available
Explosiveness: Not available
Oxidizing Properties: Not available
Stability in organic solvent: Not available

Dissociation constant: Not available
Viscosity: 30 – 32 mPa.s @ 20 °C
Acid Value: mg KOH/g 0.1 Max
Sap. Value: mg KOH/g 325 – 345
OHV: mg KOH/g 10 Max
Color: APHA 50 Max
Moisture: % 0.1 Max
ASH Content: % 0.1 Max
PV Meq/Kg: 1 Max
Viscosity: mPa.s 20°C 25 – 33
Density: g/cm3 20°C 0.930 – 0.960
Refrective Index: 20°C 1.448 – 1.451
Fatty Acid Composition:
C6 % 0.5 Max
C8 % 53 Min
C10 % 36 – 47
C12 % 1.5 Max



FIRST AID MEASURES of MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
-Eye contact:
Immediately flood the eye with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eye open.
-Skin contact:
Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing as washing proceeds.
-Inhalation:
Keep warm and at rest.
-Ingestion:
Wash out mouth with water.
Keep warm and at rest.
-Most important acute and delayed symptoms/effects:
None



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
-Measures required for personal protection and protective equipment:
Use rubber gloves, air respirator, goggles, safety shoes and lab coat.
Remove contaminated clothing and wash hands between breaks and at end of duty hours.
Locate eye washes and emergency showers in all work and storage areas.
-Measures required for environment protection:
Not available
-Clean-up and removal method:
Cover with an inert or noncombustible inorganic absorbent material, sweep up and remove to an approved disposal container.
Clean with hot water & detergents.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
-Suitable (and unsuitable) extinguishing media:
Use dry powder, water spray, foam, carbon dioxide for extinguishing.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
-Exposure limits of the chemical substance, biological exposure limits and etc.:
None established.
-Appropriate engineering controls:
Use normal precautionary measures for handling chemicals.
-Personal protective equipment:
● Protection of respiratory system : Wear air respirator
● Eye protection : Wear goggles
● Hand protection : Wear protective gloves
● Body protection : Wear protective clothing, safety shoes
● Hand protection : Wear protective gloves
● Body protection : Wear protective clothing, safety shoes



HANDLING and STORAGE of MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Wear personal protective equipment.
-Conditions for safe storage (including incompatibilities):
Store in tightly closed original container when not in use.
Storage area should be cool and dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MEDIUM CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDES:
-Chemical stability :
Not available.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions :
Not available
-Hazardous decomposition products :
None known



SYNONYMS:
Caprylic/capric triglyceride
Coconut oil, fractioned
Fractionated coconut oil
Fractionated triglyceride of coconut oil
Medium chain triglyceride
Medium-chain glycerides
1,2,3-Propanetriol Trioctanoate
AC-1202
Acide Caprique
Acide Caproïque
Acide Caprylique
Acide Laurique
Capric Acid
Caproic Acid
Caprylic Acid
Caprylic Triglycerides
Lauric Acid
MCT
MCT's
MCTs
Medium-Chain Triacylglycerols
Medium-Chain Triglycerides
TCM
Tricaprylin
Triglycérides Capryliques
Triglicéridos de Cadena Media (TCMs)
Trioctanoin

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is a useful cosmetic agents as emollients, masking agent, perfuming agent, skin conditioning and solvents.
As a fully saturated emollient tri-ester, Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is recommended as an alternative for mineral or vegetable oils in a wide variety of personal care and pharmaceutical applicatxions.
As a fully saturated triglyceride, Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is light emollient with good lubricity.

CAS: 65381-09-1
MF: C21H44O7
MW: 408.58
EINECS: 265-724-3

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is a liquid glycol ether with chemical stability.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is used in the formulation of pharmaceutical preparations, cosmetic products, and dietary supplements.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is used as a solvent for serine proteases and copper complexes in the clinical setting.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is also an excellent solvent for chemical sunscreens and wetting agent for physical sunscreens.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are fats that are made in a lab from coconut and palm kernel oils.
Typical dietary fats are called Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT).

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s are a fat source for people who cannot tolerate other types of fats.
These fats might also improve weight loss because the body can more easily break them down into molecules called ketone bodies.
These ketone bodies can be used for energy.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) are triglycerides with two or three fatty acids having an aliphatic tail of 6–12 carbon atoms, i.e. medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs).
Rich food sources for commercial extraction of MCTs include palm kernel oil and coconut oil.

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is found in palm kernel oil and coconut oil and can be separated by fractionation.
They can also be produced by interesterification.
Retail MCT powder is MCT oil embedded in starch and thus contains carbohydrates in addition to fats.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is manufactured by spray drying.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is a supplement made from a type of fat called medium-chain triglycerides.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) molecules are smaller than those in most of the fats you eat (long-chain triglycerides [LCT]).
This makes them easier to digest.

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is obtained from fractionation of a lauric-type oil.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) obtained has a melting point of about 7° C.
When in liquid form, Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is almost colourless and with a characteristic odour.
Also known as MCT (medium chain triglyceride).
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) has an almost equal composition of caprylic and capric acids.
Fractionated fatty acids are mainly applied to the manufacture of: Amines, esters, fatty alcohols, peroxides, fragrances, flavors, surface finishing, lubricants, metal soaps, cosmetics, animal feed, chemical, paper, plastics, detergents, chemicals, resins and coatings.

Uses
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) is widely used in sunscreen oil, cream and lotion; after-sun protection cream and lotion; used in hair modification oil, cream and head oil, which can make the hair shiny, smooth and easy to comb; bath oil; skin care oil and nutrient solution.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) makes the skin lubricated and shiny, and the nutrition is easily absorbed by the skin, which plays a very good role in the uniform and delicate cosmetics.

Calorie restriction
A 2020 systematic review and meta-analysis by Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition supported evidence that MCT decreases subsequent energy intake compared to Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT).
Despite this, Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) does not appear to affect appetite, and thus the authors stated that further research is required to elucidate the mechanism by which this occurs.

Dietary relevance
Molecular weight analysis of milk from different species showed that while milk fats from all studied species were primarily composed of long-chain fatty acids (16 and 18 carbons long), approximately 10–20% of the fatty acids in milk from horses, cows, sheep, and goats were medium-chain fatty acids.

Some studies have shown that Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)'s can help in the process of excess calorie burning, thus weight loss.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s are also seen as promoting fat oxidation and reduced food intake.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s have been recommended by some endurance athletes and the bodybuilding community.
While health benefits from Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s seem to occur, a link to improved exercise performance is inconclusive.
A number of studies back the use of Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) oil as a weight loss supplement, but these claims are not without conflict, as about an equal number found inconclusive results.

Pharma relevance
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s can be used in solutions, liquid suspensions and lipid-based drug delivery systems for emulsions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, creams, ointments, gels and foams as well as suppositories.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s are also suitable for use as solvent and liquid oily lubricant in soft gels.
Brand names of pharma-grade MCT include Kollisolv MCT 70.

Medical relevance
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s passively diffuse from the GI tract to the hepatic portal system (longer fatty acids are absorbed into the lymphatic system) without requirement for modification like long-chain fatty acids or very-long-chain fatty acids.
In addition, Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s do not require bile salts for absorption.
Patients who have malnutrition, malabsorption or particular fatty-acid metabolism disorders are treated with MCTs because MCTs do not require energy for absorption, use, or storage.

Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s are generally considered a good biologically inert source of energy that the human body finds reasonably easy to metabolize.
They have potentially beneficial attributes in protein metabolism, but may be contraindicated in some situations due to a reported tendency to induce ketogenesis and metabolic acidosis.
However, there is other evidence demonstrating no risk of ketoacidosis or ketonemia with Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s at levels associated with normal consumption, and that the moderately elevated blood ketones can be an effective treatment for epilepsy.

Due to their ability to be absorbed rapidly by the body, medium-chain triglycerides have found use in the treatment of a variety of malabsorption ailments.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) supplementation with a low-fat diet has been described as the cornerstone of treatment for Waldmann disease.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)'s are an ingredient in some specialised parenteral nutritional emulsions in some countries.
Studies have also shown promising results for epilepsy through the use of ketogenic dieting.

Orally ingested Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) would be very rapidly degraded by first-pass metabolism by being taken up in the liver via the portal vein, and are quickly metabolized via coenzyme A intermediates through β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle to produce carbon dioxide, acetate and ketone bodies.
Whether the ketones β-hydroxybutyrate and acetone have direct antiseizure activity is unclear.

Technical uses
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s are bland compared to other fats and do not generate off-notes (dissonant tastes) as quickly as LCTs.
They are also more polar than LCTs.
Because of these attributes, they are widely used as carrier oils or solvents for flavours and oral medicines and vitamins.

MCT Risks
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)’s generally safe to use MCT oil moderately.
But you should be careful when using it long-term.
Some of the negatives include:
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) has a lot of calories.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) can cause you to gain weight.
Large amounts of saturated fat may raise your cholesterol.
Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT)s may stimulate the release of hunger hormones, making you overeat.
High doses could lead to fat buildup in the liver.

Synonyms
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, CoMMiphora Mukul Resin Extract
2-hydroxy-3-(octanoyloxy)propyldecanoate
1-hydroxy-3-(octanoyloxy)propan-2-yl decanoate
Triglyceride、Hydrogenated Retinol
Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCT)
Decanoic acid ester with 1,2,3-propanetriol octanoate
decanoyl/octanoyl-glycerides
Octanoic/decanoic triglyceride

alfalfa; medicago sativa; extract of the whole plant of the alfa-alfa (alfalfa) or lucerne, medicago sativa l., leguminosae; alfalfa extract, solid (medicago sativa l.); alfalfa fluid extract; alfalfa herb extract; alfalfa herb extract HS 2967 G; alfalfa kiinote (Omega); alfalfa solid extract; extract of the whole plant of the alfa-alfa (alfalfa) or lucerne, medicago sativa l., leguminosae; hydroplastidine medicago (Vevy); vitanol; vitanol bio; CAS NO:84082-36-0

Medium Chain Triglyceride; MCTs; triglycerides; palm kernel oil; coconut oil; Caprylic acid cas no: 73398-61-5

MELAMINE; Cymel; 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine; cyanuramide; cyanuric triamide; triaminotriazine; 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine; cyanurotriamide; Teoharn; Theoharn; Virset 656-4; cyanurotriamine; 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine; s-triaminotriazine; 2,4,6-triamino sym-triazine; 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)triimine; cas no: 108-78-1

Melamine polyphosphate is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant.
Melamin polyphosphate is commonly used in various applications where fire safety is a concern, such as in plastics, textiles, and coatings.
Melamine polyphosphate is a white, odorless, and non-toxic powder.
Melamin polyphosphate is a type of intumescent flame retardant, which means that it swells and forms a protective char when exposed to heat and flames, reducing the spread of fire and the release of smoke and toxic gases.

CAS Number: 218768-84-4



APPLICATIONS


Melamine polyphosphate is commonly used as a flame retardant in the textile industry to make fabrics fire-resistant, particularly in applications like curtains, upholstery, and protective clothing.
In the construction industry, Melamin polyphosphate is employed to enhance the fire resistance of building materials, such as wood, insulation, and plastics used in electrical enclosures.
Melamin polyphosphate is used in the automotive sector to make fire-resistant components like engine covers, interior trims, and wiring insulation, ensuring safety in the event of a fire.
In the electronics industry, Melamin polyphosphate is used to protect sensitive electronic devices and components by providing flame-resistant properties.

Melamine polyphosphate is commonly found in the manufacturing of printed circuit boards, where fire safety is crucial.
The compound is used to produce fire-resistant coatings and paints for various applications, including building structures, transportation, and marine coatings.

In the aerospace industry, Melamin polyphosphate is employed to meet stringent fire safety standards for aircraft interiors, ensuring passenger safety.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fireproofing materials to protect structural elements in buildings from fire damage.

In the production of electrical cables and wires, Melamin polyphosphate is used as a flame retardant to prevent the spread of fire through electrical systems.
Melamin polyphosphate is incorporated into polymer-based materials, such as polyesters and polyamides, to make them fire-resistant without compromising their integrity.
Melamin polyphosphate is used in the manufacturing of molded plastics and composites, making them suitable for applications where fire safety is critical.

In the transportation industry, Melamin polyphosphate is utilized to enhance the fire safety of vehicles, including trains, buses, and ships.
Melamin polyphosphate is applied to the production of fire-resistant adhesives and sealants, providing enhanced fire protection in construction applications.
Melamine polyphosphate finds applications in the production of fireproof panels used in building interiors and furniture.

In the manufacturing of fire-resistant wallcoverings and wallpapers, Melamin polyphosphate is used to meet safety standards in commercial and residential spaces.
Melamin polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire barriers and fireproof curtains in industrial and commercial settings.

Melamin polyphosphate plays a vital role in the development of fire-resistant materials for military applications, protecting soldiers and equipment from fire-related hazards.
Melamin polyphosphate is employed in the creation of fire-resistant foam products used in furniture, mattresses, and other consumer goods.

The paper industry utilizes Melamin polyphosphate to enhance the fire resistance of paper products, especially those used in electrical applications.
In the production of fire-resistant paints and coatings for steel structures and industrial equipment, Melamin polyphosphate helps prevent fires and limit damage.

Melamine polyphosphate is applied in the development of fire-resistant packaging materials for hazardous goods, ensuring safety during storage and transportation.
Melamin polyphosphate is used to create fire-resistant gaskets and seals in the automotive and industrial sectors, preventing the spread of fires and smoke.

Melamin polyphosphate is utilized in fire safety equipment, such as fire extinguisher components, to improve their flame-retardant properties.
In the manufacturing of fire-resistant insulation materials, Melamin polyphosphate helps reduce the risk of fires in residential and commercial buildings.
Melamin polyphosphate is integral to a wide range of fire protection applications, from clothing and furniture to industrial machinery and electrical systems, contributing to improved fire safety and damage prevention.
In the aerospace industry, Melamine polyphosphate is widely used to make aircraft interiors fire-resistant, ensuring passenger safety in the event of a fire.

Melamin polyphosphate is an essential component in the production of fire-resistant composite materials used in aircraft structures, offering enhanced fire protection in aviation.
Melamin polyphosphate is incorporated into fire-resistant textiles for military and industrial applications, protecting personnel and equipment from fire-related hazards.
Melamin polyphosphate is used to manufacture fire-resistant thermal insulation materials for use in buildings, including fireproof doors and walls.
In the automotive industry, Melamin polyphosphate is utilized to create fire-resistant automotive interiors, such as dashboard components and upholstery.
Melamine polyphosphate is found in fire-resistant paints and coatings for steel structures, such as bridges and industrial equipment, to mitigate fire-related damage.

Melamin polyphosphate is a key component in the production of fire-resistant cables and wires, ensuring the safety and reliability of electrical systems.
Melamin polyphosphate is used to enhance the fire resistance of electrical circuit boards, making them suitable for critical applications like telecommunications and data centers.

In the marine industry, Melamine polyphosphate is employed to make ships and vessels fire-resistant, protecting lives and property on board.
Melamin polyphosphate plays a crucial role in the development of fire-resistant roofing materials, ensuring the safety of residential and commercial buildings.

Melamin polyphosphate is used in the production of fire-resistant ceiling tiles and acoustic panels, contributing to fire safety in public spaces.
In the manufacture of fire-resistant fabrics for uniforms, firefighter gear, and emergency response apparel, Melamin polyphosphate is a critical flame retardant.

Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the production of fire-resistant mattresses and bedding materials to enhance fire safety in homes and hotels.
Melamine polyphosphate is used to create fire-resistant foam products, making them suitable for furniture and upholstery applications.

Melamin polyphosphate is a key component in the production of fire-resistant insulation materials used in residential and commercial buildings.
Melamin polyphosphate is employed in the manufacturing of fire-resistant gaskets and seals in industrial equipment and appliances to prevent fire spread.

The medical industry uses Melamin polyphosphate to produce fire-resistant healthcare products and equipment, ensuring safety in healthcare settings.
In the oil and gas industry, Melamin polyphosphate is applied to enhance the fire resistance of materials used in offshore platforms and drilling equipment.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for industrial equipment and machinery, reducing fire risks in industrial settings.
The construction industry employs Melamin polyphosphate in the production of fire-resistant building materials, including fireproof doors, windows, and structural components.
Melamin polyphosphate is an essential component in the development of fire-resistant paints and varnishes for wood and other building materials.
Melamin polyphosphate is utilized in the manufacturing of fire-resistant sealants and adhesives used in construction and industrial applications.
The textile industry relies on Melamine polyphosphate to create fire-resistant fabrics for home furnishings, automotive interiors, and industrial applications.

Melamin polyphosphate is found in fire-resistant curtains, drapes, and wallcoverings, enhancing fire safety in commercial and residential spaces.
Melamin polyphosphate is an integral component in the production of fire-resistant packaging materials for hazardous goods, preventing fire-related accidents during storage and transportation.

The pharmaceutical industry uses Melamine polyphosphate to manufacture fire-resistant packaging materials for pharmaceutical products, ensuring the safety of medications during storage and transport.
Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the production of fire-resistant cable trays, ductwork, and conduit systems used in industrial and commercial settings to minimize fire risks.
In the event of a fire, Melamine polyphosphate is used in fire extinguishing systems, where it acts as a fire suppressant, reducing the risk of fire damage and injuries.

Melamin polyphosphate is found in the formulation of fire-resistant sealants used in firestopping applications, preventing the spread of fire and smoke through openings in buildings.
Melamin polyphosphate is integral in the development of fire-resistant glazing systems and windows for residential and commercial buildings.
In the manufacturing of fire-resistant containers for hazardous materials and chemicals, Melamine polyphosphate ensures safety during storage and transportation.

Melamin polyphosphate is used in the creation of fire-resistant wallpapers and wallcoverings for homes, offices, and public spaces.
Melamin polyphosphate is employed to make fire-resistant acoustical panels, contributing to safety in concert halls, theaters, and recording studios.

The signage industry uses Melamine polyphosphate to create fire-resistant sign materials, ensuring safety in public buildings and transportation systems.
In the production of fire-resistant wall and ceiling panels for industrial and commercial applications, Melamin polyphosphate enhances fire safety.
The insulation industry incorporates Melamin polyphosphate into fire-resistant insulation materials used in HVAC systems and buildings.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the development of fire-resistant ceiling grids and tiles, improving safety in suspended ceiling systems.

In the aerospace industry, Melamin polyphosphate is applied to make fire-resistant cabin interiors, ensuring passenger safety in aircraft.
The military utilizes Melamin polyphosphate in the production of fire-resistant military gear, including uniforms, equipment, and vehicle components.

Melamin polyphosphate is an essential component in the development of fire-resistant air filters for HVAC systems, contributing to safety in commercial and residential buildings.
Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the manufacturing of fire-resistant wall panels for cleanroom environments, such as laboratories and pharmaceutical facilities.

In the transportation industry, it is used to make fire-resistant vehicle interiors, including trains, buses, and ships.
Melamine polyphosphate finds applications in the production of fire-resistant roller shutters and doors for commercial and industrial buildings.
The mining industry utilizes Melamin polyphosphate to create fire-resistant conveyor belts and equipment components for underground operations.
Melamin polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant barrier systems used in tunnels, subways, and underground structures.
Melamin polyphosphate is integral in the development of fire-resistant soundproofing materials for use in construction and industrial settings.

The nuclear industry uses Melamine polyphosphate to create fire-resistant materials for nuclear power plants, ensuring safety in critical infrastructure.
In the event of wildfires, Melamin polyphosphate is applied to protect structures with fire-resistant coatings and barrier systems.
The sports and recreation industry uses Melamin polyphosphate in the production of fire-resistant sports equipment and gear, improving player safety.

Melamin polyphosphate is found in the formulation of fire-resistant stage props and scenic materials for theaters and performance venues.
In the defense industry, Melamin polyphosphate is used to make fire-resistant military vehicles, protecting personnel and equipment from fire-related threats in combat zones.
The aviation industry relies on Melamin polyphosphate for the production of fire-resistant cargo containers and aircraft cargo compartments.

Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the development of fire-resistant carpeting and flooring materials for commercial and residential use, reducing fire hazards.
Melamin polyphosphate is used in the creation of fire-resistant blankets and fireproof curtains for emergency response and firefighting applications.

The hospitality industry incorporates Melamin polyphosphate into fire-resistant furnishings for hotels and resorts to ensure the safety of guests.
In industrial kitchens, Melamin polyphosphate is found in fire-resistant materials used for appliances and equipment, preventing kitchen fires.
The petrochemical industry uses Melamin polyphosphate in the production of fire-resistant materials for oil and gas facilities and pipelines.

Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the manufacturing of fire-resistant conveyor systems used in warehouses and distribution centers.
Melamin polyphosphate is utilized in the development of fire-resistant sails and fabrics for sailing vessels, enhancing safety during maritime activities.

The automotive racing industry relies on Melamin polyphosphate to create fire-resistant racing suits, gloves, and helmets for drivers.
In laboratory settings, it is used to produce fire-resistant laboratory equipment and materials, reducing the risk of chemical and electrical fires.
Melamin polyphosphate is incorporated into the production of fire-resistant fire doors and emergency exits in commercial and industrial buildings.

Melamin polyphosphate is found in the formulation of fire-resistant soundproofing materials for use in concert halls, theaters, and recording studios.
The agriculture industry utilizes Melamin polyphosphate to create fire-resistant materials for farming equipment, such as combine harvesters.
In the petrochemical sector, it is employed in the production of fire-resistant piping and pipe insulation for oil refineries and chemical plants.
Melamin polyphosphate is used in the development of fire-resistant electrical panels and switchgear for industrial and commercial applications.
The energy industry relies on Melamin polyphosphate to produce fire-resistant materials for power plants and utility infrastructure.

In the manufacturing of fire-resistant safes and vaults, it enhances the security and safety of valuable possessions.
Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the production of fire-resistant elevators and elevator components, ensuring safe evacuation during emergencies.

The pulp and paper industry utilizes Melamin polyphosphate to create fire-resistant materials for paper mills, reducing fire hazards in the production process.
In underground mining operations, it is found in fire-resistant materials used for mining equipment, tunnels, and conveyors.

Melamin polyphosphate is incorporated into the development of fire-resistant agricultural structures and greenhouses, protecting crops and livestock.
In public transportation, Melamin polyphosphate is used to create fire-resistant seats, upholstery, and interior components for buses and trains.
The energy generation industry employs Melamin polyphosphate in the production of fire-resistant materials for wind turbine components and solar power installations.
Melamin polyphosphate is essential in the production of fire-resistant architectural elements, such as fireplaces, mantels, and decorative columns, enhancing safety and aesthetics in homes and commercial spaces.

In the maritime industry, Melamin polyphosphate is used in the manufacturing of fire-resistant life vests and personal flotation devices to enhance safety for sailors and passengers.
The aviation sector relies on Melamin polyphosphate for making fire-resistant aircraft seating materials, ensuring passenger safety on commercial and private flights.
Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the production of fire-resistant marine upholstery and seating for boats, yachts, and cruise ships.

Melamin polyphosphate is found in the formulation of fire-resistant window blinds and shades for homes and commercial buildings.
In the event of wildfires, it is used to treat vegetation and foliage with fire-retardant solutions to prevent the spread of wildfires near populated areas.
The film and entertainment industry incorporates Melamin polyphosphate into the development of fire-resistant props and set materials for film and television productions.
In laboratories and research facilities, it is used in the production of fire-resistant laboratory furniture and workstations to protect equipment and experiments.
Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the manufacturing of fire-resistant power distribution equipment for utilities and substations.

The petrochemical sector utilizes it to make fire-resistant materials for oil and gas pipelines and storage tanks.
In the automotive industry, Melamin polyphosphate is found in the production of fire-resistant automotive airbag covers and restraint systems.
Melamin polyphosphate is used in the development of fire-resistant materials for petrochemical storage tanks and refineries, reducing fire risks in industrial facilities.
Melamin polyphosphate is employed to create fire-resistant insulated panels used in cold storage and refrigeration facilities.

In the marine industry, Melamin polyphosphate is utilized to produce fire-resistant ship doors, bulkheads, and marine safety equipment.
Melamin polyphosphate is incorporated into the manufacturing of fire-resistant building facades and cladding systems for commercial and residential structures.

The food and beverage industry uses it to create fire-resistant conveyor systems and materials for food processing facilities.
In agriculture, Melamin polyphosphate is applied in the production of fire-resistant agricultural equipment, such as tractors and grain storage facilities.



DESCRIPTION


Melamine polyphosphate is a chemical compound used as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant.
Melamin polyphosphate is commonly used in various applications where fire safety is a concern, such as in plastics, textiles, and coatings.
Melamine polyphosphate is a white, odorless, and non-toxic powder.
Melamin polyphosphate is a type of intumescent flame retardant, which means that it swells and forms a protective char when exposed to heat and flames, reducing the spread of fire and the release of smoke and toxic gases.
Melamin polyphosphate has the chemical formula (C3H6N6)n(H3PO4)n and is often produced as a mixture of melamine and polyphosphoric acid.

Melamin polyphosphate is used in a wide range of industries and materials to improve fire resistance and safety.
Melamin polyphosphate is especially prevalent in applications where conventional flame retardants may not be suitable due to toxicity concerns or where the material's physical properties need to be maintained.

Melamine polyphosphate is one of several flame retardants designed to meet fire safety standards and regulations in various products, including textiles, plastics, adhesives, and coatings.
Melamin polyphosphate is considered an effective and environmentally friendly alternative in the realm of flame retardant chemicals.

Melamine polyphosphate, also known as Melamin polyphosphate, is a flame retardant chemical used to enhance the fire resistance of various materials.
This white, fine, crystalline powder is odorless and non-toxic, making it suitable for a wide range of applications.
Melamine polyphosphate belongs to the category of intumescent flame retardants, which expand and form a protective char when exposed to high temperatures.

Melamin polyphosphate has the chemical formula (C3H6N6)n(H3PO4)n, indicating a polymeric structure that consists of repeating units of melamine and polyphosphoric acid.
Melamin polyphosphate is known for its ability to reduce the spread of flames and suppress smoke and toxic gas emissions during a fire event.
Melamin polyphosphate is widely used in industries where fire safety is a significant concern, such as construction, textiles, plastics, and coatings.

Melamine polyphosphate is an environmentally friendly flame retardant, as it does not contain harmful halogenated compounds or heavy metals.
When exposed to heat, it decomposes to release ammonia and water, which dilute and cool the combustion zone, limiting fire propagation.
The formation of a stable, insulating char layer on the material's surface helps prevent further heat and flame penetration.

Melamin polyphosphate is a versatile flame retardant suitable for various polymers, including polyesters, polyamides, and epoxy resins.
Melamin polyphosphate is often used in combination with other flame retardants to achieve optimal fire protection in specific applications.
Melamin polyphosphate is commonly applied in the production of flame-resistant textiles, such as curtains, upholstery, and protective clothing.

In the plastics industry, melamine polyphosphate is used to make products like electrical enclosures, automotive components, and electronic devices fire-resistant.
Melamin polyphosphate finds applications in coatings and paints, enhancing their fire resistance in construction and transportation sectors.
Melamin polyphosphate is known for its ability to maintain the physical properties of treated materials while providing fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate is stable under normal storage conditions and is not prone to decomposition or degradation.
The flame-retardant properties of Melamin polyphosphate comply with industry standards and regulations, ensuring products meet fire safety requirements.

Melamin polyphosphate can be incorporated into materials through various processing methods, including blending, compounding, or coating.
Melamine polyphosphate is compatible with different polymer matrices, making it suitable for a wide range of materials.
Its use is prevalent in aerospace applications, where materials must meet stringent fire safety criteria.
The combination of melamine and polyphosphoric acid imparts self-extinguishing properties to materials.
Melamin polyphosphate is designed to act as a safeguard against the rapid spread of flames, reducing the risk of fire-related injuries and damage.

Melamin polyphosphate is an essential component in fire-resistant paints used for building structures and fireproofing applications.
Melamine polyphosphate is part of ongoing efforts to improve fire safety and protect lives and property from the devastating effects of fires.
Its versatility, eco-friendliness, and effectiveness make melamine polyphosphate a valuable tool in achieving fire-resistant materials in various industries.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: Melamin polyphosphate has a chemical formula represented as (C3H6N6)n(H3PO4)n, indicating its polymeric structure, composed of repeating units of melamine and polyphosphoric acid.
Physical State: Melamin polyphosphate is typically found in a fine, white, crystalline powder form.
Odor: It is odorless.
Toxicity: Melamin polyphosphate is generally considered non-toxic and safe for many applications.
Flame Retardancy: One of its key properties is its ability to impart flame resistance to various materials. When exposed to fire, it decomposes and forms a protective char layer, which acts as a barrier to flames.
Flame-Suppressing Action: Melamin polyphosphate releases ammonia and water when exposed to heat, diluting and cooling the combustion zone, thus suppressing the spread of flames.
Intumescence: Melamin polyphosphate is part of intumescent flame retardants that expand and create an insulating layer when exposed to high temperatures.
Decomposition Temperature: It has a specific decomposition temperature at which it begins to release ammonia and water, contributing to fire suppression.
Thermal Stability: Melamin polyphosphate exhibits thermal stability under normal storage conditions, maintaining its flame-retardant properties.
Polymeric Structure: It consists of a polymeric network, indicating the presence of multiple repeating units in its structure.
Solubility: Melamin polyphosphate is typically not highly soluble in water, which can be an advantage in applications where water exposure is a concern.
Compatibility: It is compatible with various polymer matrices, making it versatile in different material applications.
Environmental Safety: Melamin polyphosphate is known for its eco-friendly and non-toxic nature, as it does not contain harmful halogenated compounds or heavy metals often found in other flame retardants.
Insulating Properties: When exposed to heat, Melamin polyphosphate forms an insulating char layer that protects the underlying material and prevents further heat and flame penetration.
Physical Form: It is often supplied in a finely ground powder form, making it easy to incorporate into various materials.
Combustion Byproducts: Its decomposition primarily releases ammonia and water, which are less harmful byproducts compared to some other flame retardants.
Density: Melamin polyphosphate has a specific density that can vary depending on the grade and processing.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is not breathing, perform artificial respiration.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide information about the chemical involved.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap if available.
Avoid using harsh chemicals or solvents on the skin.
If irritation, redness, or other adverse skin reactions occur, seek medical attention.
Wash contaminated clothing separately before reuse.


Eye Contact:

If Melamin polyphosphate comes into contact with the eyes, immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing, lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Ensure that the eyelids are held open and the entire eye surface is rinsed.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if there is no immediate discomfort or visible injury.


Ingestion:

If ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and drink plenty of water or milk if the person is conscious.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide information about the ingested substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective clothing, when handling Melamin polyphosphate.
Use a dust mask if there is a risk of inhalation exposure.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to prevent the build-up of dust or fumes.
Use local exhaust ventilation or mechanical ventilation systems if necessary.

Avoid Contact:
Minimize skin and eye contact with Melamin polyphosphate.
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
In case of contact, follow the first aid measures provided in the event of exposure.

Prevent Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with Melamin polyphosphate.
Avoid any activity that might lead to accidental ingestion.

Storage Containers:
Use appropriate containers for storage, such as plastic or glass containers with tight-fitting lids, to prevent moisture exposure.
Ensure that storage containers are labeled with the product name and hazard information.

Avoid Mixing:
Do not mix Melamin polyphosphate with incompatible materials or chemicals.
Review the safety data sheet (SDS) for guidance on safe handling and storage.

Handling Precautions:
Handle Melamin polyphosphate with care to prevent dust formation, spillage, or release into the environment.
Use non-sparking tools when necessary.

Waste Disposal:
Dispose of waste and empty containers in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
Follow established waste disposal procedures for chemical substances.

Training:
Ensure that personnel handling Melamin polyphosphate are adequately trained in safe handling practices and are aware of the potential hazards associated with the chemical.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store Melamin polyphosphate in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible materials.
Keep it in a dedicated storage area with appropriate hazard labeling.

Temperature:
Maintain storage temperatures within the recommended range specified on the product's safety data sheet.

Moisture Control:
Prevent moisture exposure, as Melamin polyphosphate can be slightly sensitive to moisture.
Use moisture-resistant packaging or containers to maintain product integrity.

Avoid Contaminants:
Store Melamin polyphosphate away from potential contaminants, such as strong acids, bases, and reducing agents, which could react with the chemical.

Handling and Storage Compatibility:
Store Melamin polyphosphate separately from incompatible materials, and review the compatibility of materials in the storage area.

Keep Containers Closed:
Ensure that storage containers are tightly closed when not in use to prevent moisture ingress and contamination.



SYNONYMS


Melamine phosphate
Melamin polyphosphate
Melam
Melamine-phosphoric acid complex
Polyphosphoric acid melamine salt
Fire retardant melamine polyphosphate
Melamine polyphosphate flame retardant
Melamine-phosphate complex
Flame-safe melamine polyphosphate
Phosphoric acid melamine salt
Fire-block melamine polyphosphate
Melamine-polyphosphoric acid compound
Melamine fire suppressant
Melamin polyphosphate flame inhibitor
Melamine flame-resistant additive
Phosphoric acid melaminate
Melamine-based fire inhibitor
Melamine polyphosphate fire suppressor
Melamin polyphosphate flame-retardant agent
Phosphate ester of melamine
Flame-stopping melamine compound
Melamine fire safety additive
Melamine polyphosphate fire blocker
Melamine-based flame stopper
Melamin polyphosphate fire safety compound
Melamine polyphosphonate
Melamine-phosphorus compound
Fire-resistant melamine salt
Melamin polyphosphate flame inhibitor
Melamine phosphate flame retardant
Melamine polyphosphate flame suppressant
Melamine-based fire suppressor
Melamine fire safety agent
Flame-resistant melamine compound
Melamine polyphosphonate fire retardant
Melamine phosphonate
Melamin polyphosphate flame-resistant additive
Melamine flame retardant
Melamine polyphosphate fire blocker
Flame-stopping melamine-phosphorus compound
Fire-safe melamine polyphosphate
Phosphate ester of melamine
Melamine fire inhibitor
Melamine fire suppressant
Melamine fire-retardant agent
Melamine flame-retardant additive
Fire-block melamine polyphosphate
Phosphoric acid melamine salt
Melamine-polyphosphoric acid complex
Fire-resistive melamine phosphate

Melamine has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.
Melamine is functionally related to a cyanamide.
Melamine is a conjugate base of a melamine(1+).


CAS Number: 108-78-1
Molecular Formula: C3H6N6 / C3N3(NH2)3



SYNONYMS:
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, Metformin Hydrochloride Imp. D (EP), Melamine, Metformin Imp. D (EP), Metformin Hydrochloride Impurity D, Metformin Impurity D, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine, melamine, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, [1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triamine, s-triazine, 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-, 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine melamine 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine [1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triamine s-triazine, 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, 2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine, Cyanurotriamide, Cyanurotriamine, Cyanuramide, MELAMINE, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, 108-78-1, Cyanuramide, Cyanurotriamide, Cyanurotriamine, Isomelamine, Theoharn, Teoharn, Triaminotriazine, Cyanuric triamide, Hicophor PR, s-Triazinetriamine, Aero, Pluragard, Yukamelamine, 2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazine, Cymel, Virset 656-4, 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine, Spinflam ML 94M, Pluragard C 133, 2,4,6-Triaminotriazine, Mark ZS 27, ADK Stab ZS 27, DG 002 (amine), NCI-C50715, Melamine Monomer, s-triaminotriazine, DTXSID6020802, s-Triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-, sym-Triaminotriazine, ZS 27, NSC 2130, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triimine, CCRIS 373, DG 002, Cyanurtriamide, HSDB 2648, UNII-N3GP2YSD88, 1246816-14-7, EINECS 203-615-4, N3GP2YSD88, 2,4,6-triamino sym-triazine, BRN 0124341, CHEBI:27915, AI3-14883, NSC-2130, DTXCID40802, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)triimine, EC 203-615-4, Melamine 100 microg/mL in Water, 4-26-00-01253 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 5432-64-4, MELAMINE (IARC), MELAMINE [IARC], 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine (Melamine), Melamine 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile/Water, MELAMINE (USP-RS), MELAMINE [USP-RS], s-Triazine, 4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-, triamino-s-triazine, Melamine, 99%, Melamine (1.0 mg/10 mL in 84:16% ACN, ), METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY D (EP IMPURITY), METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY D [EP IMPURITY], melamin, AX2, CYANURTRIAMINE, 2,6-Triaminotriazine, CYMEL (Salt/Mix), MELAMINE [HSDB], 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine Monomer, MELAMINE [MI], 2,6-Triamino-s-triazine, s-Triazine, 4,6-triamino-, SCHEMBL25853, Melamine, analytical standard, BIDD, , MA-1-H2O, CHEMBL1231106, SCHEMBL12192199, 1,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, 2,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine, NSC2130, NSC8152, HY-Y1117, NSC-8152, WLN: T6N CN ENJ BZ DZ FZ, Tox21_200503, 1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-triimine, BBL000010, MFCD00006055, s9212, STK378738, [1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triamine, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine, AKOS005448714, 1,3,5-Triazine, 2,4,6-triamino-, CCG-266105, NCGC00164014-01, NCGC00164014-02, NCGC00258057-01, AC-34715, CAS-108-78-1, VS-00405, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine monomer, Melamine 1.0 mg/ml in Dimethyl Sulfoxide, CS-0016866, NS00010262, T0337, 1,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-triimine, EN300-71605, 4,6-Diamino-1,2-dihydro-2-imino-S-Triazine, C08737, E76265, Q212553, J-002191, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine (ACD/Name 4.0), 2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazine, sym-Triaminotriazine, Z1142688822, Melamine, >=95.0% (HPLC), pharmaceutical impurity standard, Melamine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Melamine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material



Melamine /ˈmɛləmiːn/ ⓘ is an organic compound with the formula C3H6N6.
This white solid, Melamine, is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.
Like cyanamide, Melamine contains 66% nitrogen by mass, and its derivatives have fire-retardant properties due to its release of nitrogen gas when burned or charred.


Melamine can be combined with formaldehyde and other agents to produce melamine resins.
Melamine is one of the major components in Pigment Yellow 150, a colorant in inks and plastics.
Melamine is a chemical present in many products, including reusable plastic dishware.


It is safe to use but Melamine can migrate from dishes to foods, particularly acidic ones like tomatoes.
Melamine is a nitrogen-based compound used by many manufacturers to create a number of products, especially plastic dishware.
Melamine’s also used in: utensils, countertops, plastic products, dry-erase boards, paper products.


Melamine appears as colorless to white monoclinic crystals or prisms or white powder.
Melamine sublimes when gently heated.
Melamine is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.


Melamine has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite.
Melamine is functionally related to a cyanamide.
Melamine is a conjugate base of a melamine(1+).


Melamine is a natural product found in Apis cerana, Euglena gracilis, and Aeromonas veronii with data available.
Melamine is an organic base and a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton.
Like cyanamide, Melamine contains 66% nitrogen by mass and, if mixed with resins, has fire retardant properties due to its release of nitrogen gas when burned or charred, and has several other industrial uses.


Melamine is also a metabolite of cyromazine, a pesticide.
Melamine is formed in the body of mammals who have ingested cyromazine.
Melamine has been reported that cyromazine can also be converted to melamine in plants.


Such resins are characteristically durable thermosetting plastic used in high pressure decorative laminates such as Formica, melamine dinnerware including cooking utensils, plates, plastic products, laminate flooring, and dry erase boards.
Melamine foam is used as insulation, soundproofing material and in polymeric cleaning products, such as Magic Eraser.


Melamine, a colourless crystalline substance belonging to the family of heterocyclic organic compounds, which are used principally as a starting material for the manufacture of synthetic resins.
Melamine is rich in nitrogen, a property that is similar to protein.


Melamine has also been incorporated into a variety of flame-retardant materials.
When exposed to heat, melamine degrades and releases nitrogen.
The freed nitrogen takes the place of oxygen in the surface air surrounding the material, which prevents the material from burning.


Butylated melamine resins, made by incorporating butyl alcohol into the melamine–formaldehyde reaction mixture, are fluids used as ingredients of paints and varnishes.
A copolymer containing melamine, formaldehyde, and sodium bisulfite produces a foam with sound-absorbing and flame-retardant properties.


The foam has a notably hard microbubble structure, which gives it an abrasive quality that has been utilized in the development of cleaning products.
Melamine is a long-lasting chemical that is hard to break down and can be used for many years.
Melamine, which is flame retardant and heat resistant due to the nitrogen forming 66% of mass, becomes a hard and hard breaker which is insoluble in water when combined with formaldehyde.


Melamine is an organic-based, nitrogen-rich compound used to manufacture cooking utensils, plates, plastic products, and more.
Melamine resin is durable, fire and heat resistant and virtually unbreakable, making melamine products more desirable than other plastic housewares.
Melamine is a chemical compound.


When combined with formaldehyde, Melamine hardens.
Melamine is a chemical compound with the chemical formula C3H6N6.
Melamine exists as a white crystalline powder or granules and is often used in the production of certain industrial products due to its high strength, hardness, and durability.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MELAMINE:
Melamine is a widely-used intermediate, mainly employed as a raw material for producing melamine resin and is a chemical most often found in plastic materials.
Melamine is an inexpensive synthetic compound that when combined with formaldehyde becomes melamine resin.


This melamine formaldehyde resin is used in making melamine dishware, hard plastic tableware.
Melamine also is used in the fabrication of melamine polysulfonate, used as a superplasticizer for making high-resistance concrete.
Sulfonated melamine formaldehyde (SMF) is a polymer used as a cement admixture to reduce the water content in concrete while increasing the fluidity and the workability of the mix during handling and pouring.


It results in concrete with a lower porosity and a higher mechanical strength, exhibiting an improved resistance to aggressive environments and a longer lifetime.
Melamine foam is used as insulation, soundproofing material and in polymeric cleaning products, such as Magic Eraser.


Medicine uses of Melamine: Melamine derivatives of arsenical drugs are potentially important in the treatment of African trypanosomiasis.
The usage area of melamine is quite wide but widely; it is used in the production of tableware and kitchen utensils.
Also, melamine is used in the manufacture of many different products such as kitchen cabinets and benches, sound insulation products, various fabrics, flame retardant chemicals, cleaning materials, whiteboards, flooring, manure, and animal feed as well as the raw materials.


Melamine is a chemical that has many industrial uses.
In the United States, Melamine is approved for use in the manufacturing of some cooking utensils, plates, plastic products, paper, paperboard, and industrial coatings, among other things.


In addition, although Melamine is not registered as a fertilizer in the U.S., melamine has been used as a fertilizer in some parts of the world.
Melamine may be used in the manufacturing of packaging for food products, but is not FDA-approved for direct addition to human food or animal feeds marketed in the U.S.


Melamine is produced by reacting formaldehyde and ammonia.
In industry, this reaction is commonly used to create products for various purposes, such as melamine-coated boards, insulation materials, coatings, adhesives, high-strength plastics, and various consumer goods.


Melamine is also used in some food products.
For example, melamine resins are used to thicken preserves, and Melamine has been illicitly added to dairy products to fraudulently increase protein content.


However, excessive consumption of melamine has been shown to pose health risks, leading to regulations and limitations on its use in the food industry.
Melamine is a versatile chemical compound used in various industries.
Construction Materials Industry uses of Melamine: Melamine is used in the production of construction materials such as furniture, laminate flooring, kitchen countertops, and wall panels due to its fire resistance, water resistance, and durability.


Chemical Industry: Melamine is used in the production of synthetic resins, plastics, coatings, adhesives, paints, and inks, among other chemical products.
Agricultural Industry: Melamine is used to produce protein supplements used in animal feed.
Textile Industry: Melamine is used in the production of reactive dyes used in textile dyeing and printing processes.


Electrical Industry: Melamine is used in the production of compounds that provide electrical insulation.
Automotive Industry: Melamine is used in vehicle coatings and as a paint additive.


-Personal Care Industry uses of Melamine:
Melamine is used as a hardening agent in hair straighteners and nail polishes.
In addition to these industries, melamine has various other applications.


-Plastics and building materials uses of Melamine:
In one large-scale application, melamine is combined with formaldehyde and other agents to produce melamine resins.
Such resins are characteristically durable thermosetting plastic used in high-pressure decorative laminates such as Wilsonart, melamine dinnerware, laminate flooring, and dry erase boards.
Melamine cookware is not microwave-safe.


-Fire-retardant additives uses of Melamine:
Melamine and its salts are used as fire-retardant additives in paints, plastics, and paper.
A melamine fiber, Basofil, has low thermal conductivity, excellent flame resistance and is self-extinguishing; this makes it useful for flame-resistant protective clothing, either alone or as a blend with other fibres.


-Food additive uses of Melamine:
Melamine is sometimes illegally added to food products in order to increase the apparent protein content.
Standard tests, such as the Kjeldahl and Dumas tests, estimate protein levels by measuring the nitrogen content, so they can be misled by the addition of nitrogen-rich, but non-proteinaceous compounds such as melamine.
There are instruments available today that can differentiate melamine nitrogen from protein nitrogen.


-Fertilizers use of Melamine:
Melamine was once envisioned as fertilizer for crops during the 1950s and 1960s because of its high nitrogen content (2/3).
However, melamine is much more expensive to produce than other common nitrogen fertilizers, such as urea.
The mineralization (degradation to ammonia) for melamine is slow, making this product both economically and scientifically impractical for use as a fertilizer.



MANUFACTURE AND APPLICATIONS OF MELAMINE:
Melamine can be manufactured from dicyandiamide, hydrogen cyanide, or urea.
Modern commercial production of melamine typically employs urea as a starting material.
Urea is broken down to cyanuric acid, which then can be reacted to form melamine.

Its most important reaction is that with formaldehyde, forming melamine-formaldehyde resins of high molecular weight.
These compounds form under the influence of heat and then become fixed into an insoluble and infusible mold; this process is known as thermosetting.
Melamine-based thermoset materials contain cross-linked polymers, which make the fixed molds strong and durable.

Usually formulated with fillers and pigments, melamine resins can be molded into dishes, containers, utensils, handles, and the like or used as laminating agents or coating materials for wood, paper, and textiles.
Formica and Melmac are well-known trade names for products based on melamine resins.



ETYMOLOGY OF MELAMINE:
The German word Melamin was coined by combining the words melam (a derivative of ammonium thiocyanate) and amine.
Melamine is, therefore, unrelated etymologically to the root melas (μέλας, meaning 'black' in Greek), from which the words melanin, a pigment, and melatonin, a hormone, are formed.



HOW IS MELAMINE PRODUCED?
Melamine is a chemical compound obtained by the reaction of urea and cyanide at high temperatures.
Generally, the production of melamine involves the following steps:

*Urea and Cyanide Preparation: Urea and cyanide are prepared separately and stored.
*Reaction Preparation: Urea and cyanide are mixed in appropriate proportions and purified to create a suitable environment for the reaction.



REACTION OF MELAMINE:
The mixture of urea and cyanide is reacted in a reactor at temperatures of 350-400°C to produce melamine.
Crystallization: The resulting melamine from the reaction is mixed with water and cooled to allow for crystallization.
Drying and Grinding: The obtained melamine crystals are dried and ground.

Purification and Packaging: Melamine is purified and packaged in suitable packaging for various industries.
Since the production of melamine is complex and potentially hazardous, proper precautions and requirements must be followed.
This process should be carried out by trained and experienced personnel.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING MELAMINE INSTEAD OF TRADITIONAL CERAMIC OR PORCELAIN?
Melamine is the best quality food-safe plastic on the market.
It's durable, easy to clean and has anti-bacterial properties.

Q Squared resembles the look of ceramic and porcelain, but it is shatter-resistant and easier to handle.
Melamine can withstand the rigors of everyday use and is more resistant to scratch marks and use and abuse over time. Our dinnerware and serveware is also perfect for both indoor and outdoor dining and entertaining.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MELAMINE:
Chemical formula: C3H6N6
Molar mass: 126.123 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 1.573 g/cm³
Melting point: 343 °C (649 °F; 616 K) (decomposition)
Boiling point: Sublimes
Solubility in water: 3240 mg/L (20 °C)
Solubility: Very slightly soluble in hot alcohol,
benzene, glycerol, pyridine;
insoluble in ether, benzene, CCl4
log P: −1.37
Acidity (pKa): 5.0 (conjugated acid)
Basicity (pKb): 9.0

Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −61.8·10−6 cm³/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.872
Structure
Crystal structure: Monoclinic
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −1967 kJ/mol
Molecular Weight: 126.12 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 126.06539422 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 126.06539422 g/mol

Topological Polar Surface Area: 117Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 63.3
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical property: White Powder
Chemical Formula: C3H6N6
Molecular weight: 126.12 g/mol



FIRST AID MEASURES of MELAMINE:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MELAMINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MELAMINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MELAMINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MELAMINE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MELAMINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

MELANIN, melanine, N° CAS : 8049-97-6. Nom INCI : MELANIN. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-473-6. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent de protection de la peau : Aide à éviter les effets néfastes des facteurs externes sur la peauLe mot mélanine est un mot générique qui désigne de nombreux pigments biologiques foncés qui sont notamment responsables de la coloration des téguments dans le règne animal. Chez l'être humain, la couleur de la peau, des cheveux et des yeux dépendent principalement de son type et de sa concentration. De nombreux animaux en produisent également, dont les oiseaux (coloration des plumes) et certains protozoaires.

Melamine phosphate decomposes endothermically above 350ºC, acting as a heat sink to cool the polymer.
The released phosphoric acid further reacts with the polymer to form a char and inhibit the release of free radical gasses into the oxygen phase.
Simultaneously, nitrogen species released from the degradation of melamine intumesces the char to further protect the polymer.

CAS: 41583-09-9
MF: C3H9N6O4P
MW: 224.12
EINECS: 255-449-7

Melamine phosphate based halogen free flame retardants are primarily used for glass fiber reinforced polyamide and polyester (e.g. PBT) and can be used as a synergist in many other applications and polymers.

Melamine phosphate is a coordination compound that has been used as an antimicrobial agent and polymer retardant.
Melamine phosphate has been shown to have a Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which is indicative of the ability to form a monolayer on the surface of water droplets.
Melamine phosphate also has an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) that can be used for determining the rate constant of its reaction with water vapor.
The rate constants are determined by measuring the change in impedance over time and plotting Melamine phosphate against frequency.
This analytical method is used for determining the concentration and stability of Melamine phosphate in solution and can be applied to other similar compounds.

Melamine phosphate Chemical Properties
Melting point: 120 - 122°C
Density: 1.74
Storage temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Solid
Color: White
Water Solubility: 3.9g/L at 20℃
EPA Substance Registry System: Melamine phosphate (41583-09-9)

Uses
Melamine phosphate is mainly used in PA and PBT, especially PA6, and PA66.
Melamine phosphate can be used in all kinds of injection and extrusion processes and meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, and glass fiber polyamide.
Melamine phosphate is widely used in fire retardant coatings, flame retardant plastics and other products.
Due to the increasing demand for halogen-free flame retardants in recent years, Melamine phosphate has a new application prospect and a broad market.
Environment-friendly non-halogen flame retardant

Synonyms
Melamine phosphate
20208-95-1
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate
41583-09-9
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate
Triazinetriaminephosphate
melamine monophosphate
EINECS 255-449-7
218768-84-4
phosphoric acid;1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
DOS5Q2BU94
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1)
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate
EINECS 243-601-5
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:?)
EC 255-449-7
hate
INTUMESCENTCOMPOUNDKE8000
Melamine Polyphosp
EINECS 260-493-5
UNII-DOS5Q2BU94
C3H6N6.xH3O4P
SCHEMBL73239
C3H6N6.H3O4P
DTXSID80872787
XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
C3-H6-N6.H3-O4-P
C3-H6-N6.x-H3-O4-P
MELAMINE, PHOSPHATE (1:1)
MFCD00060248
AKOS028108538
AS-15268
CS-0449429
FT-0628188
FT-0742330
F71215
Di(1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine) phosphate
1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (2:1)

Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a distinguished flame retardant formulation comprising both nitrogen and phosphorus.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is white powder, has good water resistance, used in intumescent flame retardant systems.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) has a char-forming intumescent mechanism.


CAS Number: 20208-95-1 / 41583-09-9
EC Number: 243-601-5
Molecular Formula: C3H9N6PO4



SYNONYMS:
MPOP, SLFR-7, Melamine-phosphate, MELAMINE PHOSPHATE, Melamine Phosphate(FR-MP), Triazine triamine phosphate, triazine triamine phosphate, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, (56386-64-2) melamine-phosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate, Flame retardant MP;FR-MP, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine·phosphoric acid, Melamine phosphoric acid, Phosphoric acid·melamine, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, SLFR-7, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1), MP, SLFR-7, Melamine Phosphate, Melamine Polyphosphate, Melamine phosphoric acid, Phosphoric acid·melamine, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine·phosphoric acid
triazine triamine phosphate, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate, SLFR-7, MELAMINE PHOSPHATE, (56386-64-2) melamine-phosphate, Melamine Phosphate(FR-MP), 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:), melamine polyphosphate (mp), einecs 243-601-5, melamine phosphate (mp), melamine polyphosphate, intumescent compound ke 8000, non-halogen flame-retardant mp, melamine phosphoric acid, melamine polyphosphate (mpp), slfr-7, phosphoric acid•melamine, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine,phosphate (1:?), 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine,phosphate, Melamine phosphoric acid salt, Melamine phosphate, Melamine orthophosphate, MPP-A, Fyrol MP, Melapur MPH, MPP 2, DMP, Melapur MP, Antiblaze NH, P 7202, MPP-B, Apinon P 7202, Apinon MPP-A, MPP-A (flame retardant), MP 200 (flame retardant), MP 200, EPFR 300A, Apinon MPP-B, Melapur MP 116, MPP 300, 110D, Preniphor EPFR-MPP 300, Budit 312, EPFR-MPP 300, 163183-93-5, 1395056-61-7, melamine polyphosphate (mp) , einecs 243-601-5 , melamine phosphate (mp) , melamine polyphosphate , intumescent compound ke 8000 , non-halogen flame-retardant mp , melamine phosphoric acid , melamine polyphosphate (mpp) , slfr-7 , phosphoric acid•melamine, MP, Melamine Polyphosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate (1:1), 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine phosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, SLFR-7, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1), Non-halogen flame-retardant MP, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine•phosphoric acid, Melamine phosphoric acid,Melamine polyphosphate,Melamine phosphate,Melamine orthophosphate, MELAMINE PHOSPHATE, Melamine orthophosphate, Melamine phosphoric acid, Melamine polyphosphate, Non-halogen flame-retardant MP, SLFR-7, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine monophosphate, 1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine polyphosphate, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1), 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine•phosphoric acid, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:x), Antiblaze NH, Apinon MPP-A, Apinon MPP-B, Apinon P 7202, Budit 312, Budit 341, DMP, EPFR 300A, Melamine phosphate, EPFR-MPP 300, Exflam MPP, Fyrol MP, Melamine orthophosphate, Melamine phosphoric acid salt, Melapur MP, Melapur MP 116, Melapur MPH, MP 200, MP 200 (flame retardant), MPP 2, MPP 300, MPP-A, MPP-A (flame retardant), MPP-B, MPT 11, P 7202, Preniphor EPFR-MPP 300



Melamine Phosphate (MP) is an excellent in tumescent flame retardant.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a distinguished flame retardant formulation comprising both nitrogen and phosphorus.
The cooperative interaction between these components contributes to Melamine Phosphate (MP)'s exceptional flame retardancy.


Additionally, Melamine Phosphate (MP) offers the versatility to incorporate a wide range of commonly employed additives, including antioxidants, UV absorbers, light stabilizers, plasticizers, antistatic agents, fillers, impact modifiers, colorants, and others.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a white powder, non-toxic, odourless，insoluble in water and most organic solvents.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is an invaluable compound extensively employed in the research a diverse array of diseases.
Recognized for its remarkable antimicrobial attributes, Melamine Phosphate (MP) exhibits considerable promise in studying pernicious bacterial infections.
Furthermore,Melamine Phosphate (MP)'s potential in studying inflammation and fostering expedited wound healing has been thoroughly investigated.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is an excellent flame retardant; It can be applied to polyolefin, linear polyester, polyamide, some thermoplastics, rubber, paint, latex, paper and textiles, etc.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a bioactive compound, used for the research of diverse ailments like osteoporosand associated skeletal irregularities.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is halogen-free nitrogen-phosphorus Flame Retardant.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is white powder, has good water resistance, used in intumescent flame retardant systems.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) has a char-forming intumescent mechanism.


Melamine Phosphate (MP)'s nitrogen is from melamine (triazine-based).
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a melamine phosphate grade.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) exhibits excellent flame retardance.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) shows good compatibility with polyolefin, linear polyester, polyamide, thermosetting resins and rubber.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a non-halogenated flame retardant based on Melamine Phosphate (CAS 41583-09-9).



USES and APPLICATIONS of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
Melamine Phosphate (MP) can be applied to polyolefin, linear polyester, polyamide, some thermosetting resins, rubber, paint, latex, paper and textiles and so on.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is used environmental protection type non-halogen flame retardant.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is widely applicable to various synthetic resins, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene resin, polycarbonate, polyurethane, EVA, thermoplastic elastomer, etc.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is mainly used in intumescent flame retardant systems for paints and polymers, combining both the melamine and catalyst functionality.


Other applications of Melamine Phosphate (MP) are in thermosets, both unsaturated polyester and epoxies, and in textile treatment.
In self-charring materials such as cellulose or epoxy, Melamine Phosphate (MP) can be used as such without addition of other flame retardants.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) uses and applications include: Flame retardant for plastics, polyolefins, polyester, rubbers, pigmented coatings, latex intumescent coating formulations, paper, textiles; catalyst in intumescent systems; intumescent paintmastic ingredient


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is mainly used in intumescent flame retardant systems for paints and polymers, combining both the melamine and catalyst functionality.
Other applications of Melamine Phosphate (MP) are in thermosets, both unsaturated polyester and epoxies, and in textile treatment.


In self-charring materials such as cellulose or epoxy, FR-Melamine Phosphate (MP)can be used as such without addition of other flame retardants.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is used environment-friendly non-halogen flame retardant
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is applied to Tibia polyolefin resin,Cables,electrical appliances,vehicles,construction materials and interiorof the halogen-free flame retardant engineering plastics,etc.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is widely used in nylon (PolyAmide, PA), TPU, PBT, PET, EVA.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is mainly used in intumescent flame retardant systems for paints and polymers,combining both the melamine and catalyst functionality.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is an excellent in tumescent Flame Retardant; it can be applied to polyolefin, linear polyester, polyamide, some thermosetting resins, rubber, paint, latex, paper and textiles and so on.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) is used Flame retardant or synergic agent for polyolefins, elastomers, PU, Epoxy and intumescent fire-retardant coatings.


Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a bioactive compound, used for the research of diverse ailments like osteoporosand associated skeletal irregularities.
Melamine Phosphate (MP) uses and applications include: Flame retardant for plastics, polyolefins, polyester, rubbers, pigmented coatings, latex intumescent coating formulations, paper, textiles; catalyst in intumescent systems; intumescent paintmastic ingredient
Melamine Phosphate (MP) can be applied to polyolefins, linear polyester, polyamide, some thermosetting resins, rubber, paint, latex, paper, and textiles.



KEY FEATURES OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
*No hazard classification or labelling
*Flame Retardant acting both in gas and solid phase
*Effective as such or in combination with other flame retardants
*Nearly insoluble in water or solvents



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
- Melamine Phosphate (MP) is a white powder, non-toxic, odourless，insoluble in water and most organic solvents.
- Thermal stability, FR-Melamine Phosphate (MP)is the preferred compound in terms of highest processing stability.
- Flame retardancy, P-N synergistic effect, The best matching of its decomposition temperature and the coating decomposition temperature, FR-Melamine Phosphate (MP)and its derivatives offers excellent flame retardancy and increase the carbon layer quantity.



BENEFITS OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
*Excellent intumescent flame retardant



INDUSTRY OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
*Textiles ,
*Plastics ,
*Rubber



FUNCTIONS OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
*Catalyst ,
*Flame Retardant



FEATURE OF MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
1. Thermal stability, Melamine Phosphate (MP) is the preferred compound in terms of highest processing stability.
2. Flame retardancy, P-N synergistic effect, The best matching of its decomposition temperature and the coating decomposition temperature, Melamine Phosphate (MP) and its derivatives offers excellent flame retardancy and increase the carbon layer quantity.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
Chemical Formula: C3H9N6PO4
Molecular Weight: 224.12 g/mol
EINECS No.: 243-601-5
CAS No.: 20208-95-1
Appearance: White powder
N content (%): 42 to 44
P content (%): 12 to 14
Water content (%): ≤ 0.3
pH value (10g/L): 2 to 4
Particle size (µm): D50 ≤ 2.5
Solubility (20°C) (g/L): ≤ 3

Melting point: 120 - 122°C
Density: 1.74 g/cm³
Storage Temp.: Refrigerator
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Solid
Color: White
Water Solubility: 3.9 g/L at 20°C
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (41583-09-9)
Odour: Odourless
Bulk Density (Kg/m³): ≈ 300-500
Moisture content: < 0.5%
Water solubility (g/100cc): ≈ 0.35 (at 20°C)
pH (saturated solution): 2.5 – 3.5

Thermal stability (5% weight loss): ≈ 280°C (TGA, 10°C/min. N2)
D50 (µm): < 7
Boiling Point: 557.5°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 325.3°C
Exact Mass: 224.042282
PSA: 204.30000
Vapour Pressure: 1.82E-12 mmHg at 25°C
InChI: InChI=1/C3H6N6.H3O4P/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1;1-5(2,3)4/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9);(H3,1,2,3,4)
InChI Key: XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=P(O)(O)O.N=1C(=NC(=NC1N)N)N
Phenol content (ppm): ≤ 500
TPP (%): ≤ 3.0
Viscosity (mpas at 25ºC): 500-800
Acid Value (%): ≤ 0.10

Identifiers:
CAS: 20208-95-1, 41583-09-9, 56386-64-2
EINECS: 243-601-5, 255-449-7
InChI: InChI=1/C3H6N6.H3O4P/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1;1-5(2,3)4/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9);(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3
InChI Key: XFZRQAZGUOTJCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: O=P(O)(O)O.N=1C(=NC(=NC1N)N)N
Molecular Formula: C3H6N6O4P
Molecular Weight: 224.12 g/mol
Exact Mass: 224.04200 g/mol
EC Number: 255-449-7
UNII: DOS5Q2BU94
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9068328, DTXSID80872787, DTXSID40872788

Characteristics:
PSA: 204.30000
XLogP3: -0.56680
Appearance: White, crystalline powder
Density: 1.74 g/cm³
Melting Point: 354ºC
Boiling Point: 557.5ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 325.3ºC
Vapour Pressure: 1.82E-12 mmHg at 25°C
Identifiers:
InChI: InChI=1/C3H6N6.H3O4P/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1;1-5(2,3)4/h(H6,4,5,6,7,8,9);(H3,1,2,3,4)/p-3
CAS Registry Number: 20208-95-1
EINECS: 243-601-5



FIRST AID MEASURES of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MELAMINE PHOSPHATE (MP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Melamine polyphosphate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (C3H6N6)x(HPO3)y.
Melamine polyphosphate is a polymer consisting of repeating units of melamine (C3H6N6) and phosphoric acid (HPO3) linked together.
The value of 'x' and 'y' in the formula can vary depending on the degree of polymerization.

CAS Number: 218768-84-4




APPLICATIONS


Melamine polyphosphate is extensively used in the plastics industry as a flame retardant additive for polymeric materials.
Melamine polyphosphate is incorporated into polypropylene and polyethylene to enhance their fire resistance and meet stringent safety standards.

Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of flame-retardant cables and wires, ensuring electrical safety.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings and paints, providing an additional layer of protection to surfaces.

Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the manufacturing of flame-retardant textiles and fabrics used in upholstery, curtains, and protective clothing.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to polyurethane foams to improve their fire performance in applications such as furniture, mattresses, and automotive seating.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the construction industry for fireproofing materials like gypsum boards and insulation products.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant adhesives, ensuring the safety of bonded materials in various industries.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the automotive sector for fire protection in components such as interior trims, dashboards, and wiring systems.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the manufacturing of fire-retardant coatings for steel structures, providing structural fire resistance.

Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant composites used in aerospace and defense industries for structural integrity.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant sealants and caulks, ensuring fire containment in building construction.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-retardant laminates and decorative surfaces for interior design and architecture.

Melamine polyphosphate is added to thermosetting resins, such as epoxy, to enhance their fire resistance in electrical and electronic applications.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant foams used in insulation panels for buildings and refrigeration equipment.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for wood and furniture, reducing the flammability of these materials.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant panels used in transport vehicles to ensure passenger safety.

Melamine polyphosphate is added to polymer compounds used in electrical enclosures and switchgear to minimize the risk of fire.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant molded parts and components for industrial equipment.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-retardant masterbatches, which are then incorporated into various plastic products.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant films and membranes used in the construction of air barriers and vapor retarders.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for structural steel, enhancing its fire performance.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant gaskets, seals, and O-rings for industrial applications.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-retardant polymeric additives used in 3D printing materials.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the production of fire-resistant foams and textiles for military and protective gear applications.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant coatings for electrical transformers, ensuring their safety during operation.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant resins and compounds for the manufacturing of printed circuit boards (PCBs).
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant thermoplastic elastomers used in automotive and industrial applications.

Melamine polyphosphate is added to polymeric materials used in the construction of air ducts and ventilation systems to improve fire safety.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the formulation of fire-resistant thermosetting laminates for high-performance applications.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the production of fire-resistant films and sheets for packaging materials, protecting contents from fire hazards.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for wooden furniture, reducing the risk of ignition and flame spread.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant synthetic fibers used in carpets, upholstery, and textiles for public spaces.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to foam mattresses and bedding products to enhance their fire resistance and meet flammability standards.

Melamine polyphosphate is used in the production of fire-resistant filters and membranes for industrial filtration applications.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant paints and varnishes for wooden structures, providing additional fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant wire and cable jackets, ensuring electrical safety in various industries.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to thermoplastic materials used in electronic enclosures to minimize fire risks and protect sensitive components.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for steel structures in the construction of bridges, tunnels, and industrial facilities.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant foams used in insulation panels for appliances and HVAC systems.

Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant paints for commercial and public buildings, improving fire safety.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to resin-based composites used in the production of fire-resistant doors and partitions for enhanced building fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant textiles and fabrics used in curtains, theater drapes, and stage backdrops.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant coatings for wooden decks and outdoor structures, reducing fire hazards.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant seals and gaskets for applications where high-temperature resistance is required.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the formulation of fire-resistant adhesives and sealants for construction and industrial bonding.

Melamine polyphosphate is added to thermoplastic materials used in the production of fire-resistant pipes and plumbing systems.
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the formulation of fire-resistant molding compounds for the production of electrical connectors and insulating components.
Melamine polyphosphate finds application in the production of fire-resistant additives for intumescent coatings used in passive fire protection systems.
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the formulation of fire-resistant mortars and sealants for the installation of fire-rated structures.


Some of its primary applications include:

Plastics:
Melamine polyphosphate is widely used in plastics to improve their fire resistance.
Melamine polyphosphate can be incorporated into polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and other plastic materials to enhance their flame retardant properties.

Polymers:
Melamine polyphosphate is utilized in polymer formulations to increase their resistance to fire.
Melamine polyphosphate is commonly added to polyurethane foams, epoxy resins, and other polymer systems to improve their flame retardancy.

Electrical and Electronics:
Melamine polyphosphate finds extensive use in the electrical and electronics industry.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to cables, wires, connectors, and electronic components to enhance their fire safety and meet regulatory requirements.

Textiles:
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the textile industry to impart flame retardancy to fabrics.
Melamine polyphosphate can be applied to textiles through various methods such as coating, padding, or incorporation into fibers, providing fire-resistant properties.

Coatings and Paints:
Melamine polyphosphate is used in coatings and paints to increase their fire resistance.
Melamine polyphosphate can be added to water-based or solvent-based coatings to improve their flame retardant capabilities.

Adhesives:
Melamine polyphosphate is incorporated into adhesive formulations to enhance their fire performance.
Melamine polyphosphate is commonly used in construction adhesives, laminating adhesives, and other adhesive products where fire safety is a concern.

Automotive:
Melamine polyphosphate is utilized in the automotive industry for fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to various automotive components and materials such as interior trim, seating, wiring, and engine parts to reduce flammability and improve safety.

Building Materials:
Melamine polyphosphate is employed in the production of fire-resistant building materials.
Melamine polyphosphate can be used in gypsum boards, insulation materials, sealants, and other construction products to enhance their fire performance.

Foam Insulation:
Melamine polyphosphate is utilized in foam insulation materials to increase their resistance to fire.
Melamine polyphosphate helps to prevent the spread of flames and reduce the release of toxic gases during a fire event.

Transportation:
Melamine polyphosphate is used in the transportation industry for fire protection.
Melamine polyphosphate is added to materials and components used in airplanes, trains, ships, and other transportation vehicles to meet stringent fire safety regulations.


Melamine polyphosphate is a white, crystalline solid with a fine powder texture.
Melamine polyphosphate has a molecular weight that can vary depending on the degree of polymerization.

Melamine polyphosphate is odorless and non-toxic.
Melamine polyphosphate is insoluble in water and most organic solvents.

Melamine polyphosphate exhibits good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand high processing temperatures.
Melamine polyphosphate is highly effective as a flame retardant additive.
Melamine polyphosphate forms a protective char layer when exposed to flames, inhibiting the spread of fire.
Melamine polyphosphate has low smoke emission properties.

Melamine polyphosphate is widely used in the plastics and polymer industry for fire-resistant applications.
The compound acts as a heat sink, absorbing and dissipating heat energy during combustion.
Melamine polyphosphate releases water vapor when exposed to fire, diluting flammable gases.

Melamine polyphosphate is considered to be environmentally friendly.
Melamine polyphosphate is a non-halogenated flame retardant, making it a preferred alternative to halogen-based additives.
The compound is compatible with various polymer matrices, including polypropylene and polyethylene.
Melamine polyphosphate has minimal impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the materials it is incorporated into.
Melamine polyphosphate exhibits excellent flame-retardant properties at relatively low loading levels.

Melamine polyphosphate provides long-lasting fire protection due to its ability to form a stable char layer.
The compound is commonly used in electrical and electronic applications to enhance fire safety.
Melamine polyphosphate is suitable for use in automotive components, textiles, coatings, and adhesives.

Melamine polyphosphate has good thermal stability and does not decompose easily.
Melamine polyphosphate is resistant to leaching and migration, ensuring the longevity of its flame-retardant properties.
Melamine polyphosphate can be easily dispersed and incorporated into various formulations.
Melamine polyphosphate is compatible with different processing techniques, including extrusion and injection molding.

Melamine polyphosphate is often used in combination with other flame retardants for synergistic effects.
Melamine polyphosphate meets various industry standards and regulations for flame retardancy.



DESCRIPTION


Melamine polyphosphate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula (C3H6N6)x(HPO3)y.
Melamine polyphosphate is a polymer consisting of repeating units of melamine (C3H6N6) and phosphoric acid (HPO3) linked together.
The value of 'x' and 'y' in the formula can vary depending on the degree of polymerization.

Melamine polyphosphate is a flame retardant additive that is widely used in various applications, especially in the field of plastics and polymers.
Melamine polyphosphate offers excellent fire resistance properties and is known for its ability to inhibit or delay the spread of flames.
Melamine polyphosphate is considered to be environmentally friendly and is commonly used as a substitute for other halogenated flame retardants due to its lower toxicity and improved performance.

Melamine polyphosphate is insoluble in water and most organic solvents.
Melamine polyphosphate is stable under normal conditions and exhibits good thermal stability, allowing it to withstand high processing temperatures during the manufacturing of flame-retardant materials.

Melamine polyphosphate can be incorporated into a wide range of materials, including polypropylene, polyethylene, polyurethane, epoxy resins, and more, to enhance their fire resistance.
Melamine polyphosphate forms a protective char layer when exposed to flames, which acts as a barrier, preventing the spread of fire and heat transfer.
Melamine polyphosphate is widely used in the production of electrical and electronic components, automotive parts, textiles, coatings, adhesives, and other products where fire safety is a concern.

Melamine polyphosphate works by releasing water vapor and diluting flammable gases when exposed to fire, thus reducing the overall flammability of the material.
Additionally, Melamine polyphosphate acts as a heat sink, absorbing and dissipating heat energy generated during combustion.
Melamine polyphosphate is known for its high efficiency in flame retardancy, low smoke emission, and minimal impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the materials it is incorporated into.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: (C3H9N6PO6)n
Molecular Weight: Variable, depending on the polymerization degree
Appearance: White, fine powder
Odor: Odorless
Melting Point: Decomposes before melting
Solubility: Insoluble in water
Density: Varies depending on the grade and formulation
pH: Neutral to slightly acidic
Stability: Stable under normal conditions
Flammability: Non-flammable
Toxicity: Low toxicity, but proper handling and safety precautions should be followed
Decomposition Temperature: Typically above 300°C (572°F)
Decomposition Products: Melamine, phosphoric acid, and other breakdown products
Compatibility: Compatible with various polymers and additives
Thermal Stability: Provides thermal stability to the materials it is added to
Flame Retardancy: Exhibits excellent flame retardant properties, reducing the flammability of materials
Smoke Suppression: Helps suppress smoke generation during a fire event
Char Formation: Promotes the formation of a stable char layer, which acts as a barrier against heat and flames
Synergistic Effects: Can enhance the flame retardant performance when combined with other additives
Environmental Impact: Considered environmentally friendly and complies with various regulations
Electrical Properties: Does not significantly affect electrical conductivity of materials



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

Move the affected person to fresh air and ensure they are in a well-ventilated area.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek medical attention immediately.
Administer oxygen if necessary and perform artificial respiration if the person is not breathing.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness occurs, seek medical advice.
Wash contaminated clothing before reusing.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently with water for at least 15 minutes, ensuring the eyelids are held open to facilitate thorough flushing.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if no symptoms are present.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, after rinsing for 5 minutes.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth thoroughly and provide the affected person with water to drink in small sips.
Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide them with as much information as possible about the ingested substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, gloves, and a dust mask, to minimize the risk of exposure during handling.

Ventilation:
Ensure good ventilation in the working area to prevent the accumulation of dust or vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid breathing in dust or vapors.
If handling in powdered form, take precautions to prevent dust generation, such as using dust collection systems or wet methods.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact by wearing suitable protective gloves and clothing.
In case of contact, promptly wash the affected area with water and soap.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect the eyes from potential splashes or contact with the substance.

Handling Equipment:
Use appropriate handling equipment, such as scoops or shovels, to transfer the material.
Avoid generating dust during handling and transfer operations.

Static Electricity:
Take precautions to prevent the buildup of static electricity, as it can increase the risk of dust ignition.
Grounding equipment and containers can help dissipate static charges.

No Smoking or Open Flames:
Prohibit smoking and the presence of open flames in the handling area, as Melamine polyphosphate is not flammable but can release flammable decomposition products under certain conditions.



Storage:


Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Keep Melamine polyphosphate in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.

Temperature Control:
Maintain stable temperatures within the recommended storage range to preserve the integrity of the material.

Avoid Moisture:
Protect the substance from excessive moisture or humidity, as it can affect its performance and quality.
Use moisture-proof packaging or containers if necessary.

Keep Containers Tightly Sealed:
Ensure that containers are tightly sealed to prevent exposure to air or moisture, which can lead to clumping or degradation.

Separate from Incompatible Materials:
Store Melamine polyphosphate away from incompatible substances, such as oxidizing agents or strong acids, to prevent chemical reactions or contamination.

Storage Stability:
The material is generally stable under normal storage conditions.
However, it is recommended to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for the maximum recommended storage period.

Proper Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the product name, batch/lot number, date of manufacture, and any relevant hazard information for easy identification and traceability.

Secure Storage:
Ensure proper storage practices to prevent unauthorized access or accidental spillage.



SYNONYMS


Melamine phosphate
Melamine polyphosphoric acid
MPP
MPP flame retardant
Melamine pyrophosphate
Melamine polyphosphonate
Melamine polyphosphate resin
Melamine phosphonate
Melamine phosphoric acid
N-methylol melamine phosphate
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate
Melamine ammonium phosphate
Melamine ammonium pyrophosphate
Melamine ammonium phosphonate
Melamine ammonium phosphoric acid
Melamine ammonium polyphosphonate
Melamine ammonium polyphosphoric acid
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate resin
Melamine ammonium phosphonate resin
Melamine ammonium phosphoric acid resin
MAP-MP
MAPP
MAP
MPA
MPP-NH4
Melamine phosphoric acid resin
Melamine polyphosphoric acid resin
Melamine ammonium phosphate resin
MPA resin
MPP-NH4 resin
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate-based flame retardant
Melamine phosphate-based flame retardant
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based flame retardant
MPP flame retardant resin
MAP flame retardant
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate flame retardant
Melamine phosphonate flame retardant
Melamine polyphosphonate-based flame retardant
Melamine phosphoric acid-based flame retardant
MPA-based flame retardant
Melamine ammonium phosphate-based fire retardant
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based fire retardant
Melamine phosphonate-based fire retardant
Melamine polyphosphonate flame retardant resin
Melamine phosphoric acid flame retardant resin
MAP flame retardant resin
Melamine ammonium polyphosphate-based fire-resistant additive
Melamine phosphonate-based fire-resistant additive
Melamine polyphosphonate fire-resistant additive
Melamine phosphoric acid-based fire-resistant additive
Melamine polyphosphate FR
Melamine phosphate FR
Melamine ammonium phosphate FR
MAP-MP FR
MAPP FR
Melamine polyphosphoric acid FR
Melamine phosphonate FR
Melamine polyphosphonate FR
Melamine phosphoric acid-based FR
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based FR
Melamine ammonium phosphate-based fire retardant
MAP-MP-based fire retardant
MAPP-based fire retardant
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based fire retardant
Melamine phosphonate-based fire retardant
Melamine polyphosphonate-based fire retardant
Melamine ammonium phosphate-based flame inhibitor
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based flame inhibitor
Melamine phosphonate-based flame inhibitor
Melamine polyphosphonate-based flame inhibitor
Melamine phosphoric acid-based flame inhibitor
MAP-MP-based flame inhibitor
MAPP-based flame inhibitor
Melamine ammonium phosphate-based flame suppressant
Melamine polyphosphoric acid-based flame suppressant

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) acts as a flame retardant.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for making polystyrene flame retardant, instead of polybrominated diphenyl ether.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is especially suitable for flame retardant glass fibre reinforced PA66.


CAS Number: 218768-84-4
EC Number: 243-601-5
MDL Number: MFCD00060248
Molecular formula: (C3H8N6)m(HPO3)n
Formula: (C3H8N6)n(HPO3)m; C3H7N6O3P)n;
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine, polyphosphate;



SYNONYMS:
FR-NP, Melapur 200, Melapur M 200, Melamine Polyphosphate, Fr-Np Melamine Polyphosphate, Melamine Polyphosphate(FR-NP), SLFR-7, Einecs 243-601-5, Melamine polyphosphate, MelaMine phosphate (MP), Phosphoric acid•melamine, Melamine phosphoric acid, MelaMine polyphosphate (MP), Melamine polyphosphate,>99%, INTUMESCENT COMPOUND KE 8000, MelaMine polyphosphate (MPP)



Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a highly efficient nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has the advantages of high thermal stability, low water solubility, no precipitation, and excellent flame retardant properties.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) acts as a flame retardant.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is halogen-free and low poison, meet European Environmental Protection requirements.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) possesses good heat stability, decomposition temperature=330°C.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an expandable flame retardant, which can be used as a flame retardant alone or in combination with other flame retardants.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for fire-resistant coatings, PBT, PET, epoxy resins, etc., especially suitable for flame retardant fiberglass reinforced PA66, and
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can meet the processing requirements of most engineering plastics.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is halogen-free nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant, suitable for processing substrates with high temperature requirements.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP)'s nitrogen is from melamine (triazine-based).


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for fireproof coating, PBT, PET, epoxy resins, polyamide, etc.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is especially suitable for flame retardant glass fibre reinforced PA66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) provides strong thermal decomposition and great flame retardant effect.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP), is a melamine based halogen free flame retardant for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66 and suitable to use in thermosetting, thermoplastic formula, especially PUR and also be widely used in PBT, PET, PA
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a halogen-free flame retardant based on Nitrogen and Phosphorus, with excellent process properties, high thermal stability, low water solubility, low immigration.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an effective flame retardant used in combination with pentaerythritol phosphate in thermoplastic polyester.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for making polystyrene flame retardant, instead of polybrominated diphenyl ether.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for making rubber (butadiene, nitrile, polypropylene elastic) nylon 6/6, epoxy resin, hard polyurethane foam flame retardant.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an efficient nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has the advantages of high thermal stability, low water solubility and excellent flame retardant properties.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is halogen-free flame retardant, especially used in the glass fiber reinforced PA66.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has good thermal stability, decomposition temperature >350°C.
Melamine polyphosphate is a halogen-free flame retardant, and have very high thermal stability.
The decomposition temperature of Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is ≥375℃.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an efficient nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has the advantages of high thermal stability, low water solubility, excellent flame retardant performance, etc.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an environmental-friendly halogen-free flame retardants.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used for flame retardant modification/post -treatment of high temperature nylon, glass fiber reinforced nylon 6/nylon 66/PBT, polyurethane and fiber fabrics.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can also be used in combination with other materials to obtain better flame retardant effect.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) may be widely applied in thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, and rubber, fiber and so on.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is also specially used for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used sSpecially used for glass-fiber reinforced nylon


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is widely applied to thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, rubber, and fiber
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in PA and PBT, especially PA6, and PA66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used in all kinds of injection and extrusion processes and meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, and glass fiber polyamide.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in polyamide and PBT, especially PA6, PA66, glass fiber-reinforced PA6, PA66.
Nylon containing Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used in all kind of injection and extrusion process and meet all kind of processing demands...
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in polyamide and PBT, especially PA6, PA66, glass fiber-reinforced PA6, PA66.


Nylon containing Melamine Polyphosphate(MPP) can be used in all kind of injection and extrusion process as well as meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, glass fiber polyamide.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used environmental protection type non-halogen flame retardant


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used as catalyst and foaming agent in fireproof coating, and its performance is slightly better than that of common ammonium polyphosphate.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be applied in vinyl acetate copolymer such as sharing with cyclic urea-formaldehyde (coking agent) in polyolefin demonstrating highly effective expansion flame retardant effect.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used for flame retardant in glass fiber reinforced nylon, polyurethane and fiber fabrics.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in PA and PBT, especially PA6, PA66. It can be used in all kind of injection and extrusion process and meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, glass fiber polyamide.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used FR-NP, exists in white powder, is a kind of expanded flame retardant,which not only is used as flame retardant but also is used together with other flame retardants,especially used in the glass fiber reinforced PA66,and can meet the process requests of most engineering plastics.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used specially for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used as a catalyst and foaming agent in the fire process, and its performance is slightly better than that of ammonium polyphosphate.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be applied in vinyl acetate copolymer such as combined with cyclic urea-formaldehyde (coking agent) in polyolefin shows very good flame retardant effect.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a good synthetic flame retardant used in combination with pentaerythritol phosphate in thermoplastic polyester.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is necessary to make polystyrene flame retardant, instead of polybrominated diphenyl ether.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is suitable for making rubber (butadiene, nitrile, polypropylene elastic) nylon 6/6, epoxy resin, polyurethane foam as flame retardant.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in polyamide and PBT, especially PA6, PA66, glass fiber-reinforced PA6, PA66.
Nylon containing NP-100 can be used in all kind of injection and extrusion process and meet all kind of processing demands of polyamide, glass fiber polyamide.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used in polyamide, especially PA6, PA66, glass fiber-reinforced PA6, PA66 and PBT, etc.
Nylon containing Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be used in all kinds of injection and extrusion process and meet all kinds of processing demands of polyamide and glass fiber polyamide.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used catalyst and foam
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and such as Cyclic urea-formaldehyde resin(carbon) have good expand effect in polyolefin.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is very flame retardant with pentaerythritol phosphate in thermoplastic resin.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used in polystyrene can replace polybrominate diphenyl.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used Rubber(butylbenzene, butyronitrile), PP,PA6/6,Epoxy resin, Polyurethane foam,


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used Silicone molding(with porous graphite).
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has a very high thermal stability whose decomposition temperature is more than360 ℃.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is widely used in thermo plastics and thermo setting plastics, rubber, fiber and other products.


What’s more, Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) has very good flame retardance effect when using in glass fiber reinforced nylon66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is 15541-60-3, and its molecular formula is C3H10N6O7P2, is a chemical intermediate.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is mainly used for flame retardant in glass fiber reinforced nylon, polyurethane and fiber fabrics.


Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be widely applied in thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics, and rubber, fiber, and so on.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is used specially for glass fiber reinforced polyamide 66.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can use in the fire-retardant coating for .



BENEFITS AND FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
*Halogen-free and low poison, comply with European Environmental Protection requirements.
*Easy process, no need special screws combination and special grade glass fiber.
*Different from general halogen retardant, no corrosion damage to equipment and mold.
*Good heat stability, decomposition temperature>360°C, suitable for glass fiber-reinforced nylon.
*Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) contains different partical size grades.



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
*Halogen‐free and low poison, comply with European Environmental Protection requirements.
*Easy process, no need for special screw combination and special grade glass fiber.
*Different from general halogen retardant, no corrosion damage to equipment and mold.
*Good heat stability, decomposition temperature>360°C, suitable for glass fiber‐reinforced nylon.
*Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) contains different particle size grades.



PROPERTIES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
*Environmental.
*Halogen-free, nitrogen-phosphorus intumescent flame retardant.
*Good thermal stability, easy to produce and process plastic products.
*Decomposition temperature >350°C, processing temperature can reach 300°C.
*Small fuming, low smoke production, low density of smoke produced.
*Small water solubility, no moisture absorption.



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
a) The flame retardant mechanism is nitrogen and phosphorus synergistic, and Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an environmentally friendly flame retardant.
b) The decomposition temperature is higher than that of melamine phosphate, and the processing process does not affect the surface finish of the substrate.
c) Excellent weather resistance, because it does not contain bromine, Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is resistant to ultraviolet rays and does not yellow.
d) Appearance is white crystalline solid powder, coloring, good dispersibility and low hygroscopicity.
e) Add Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) arbitrarily to the fire retardant coating without significantly increasing the viscosity of the coating.



FLAME RETARDENTS MECHANISM OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
Melamine decomposition, needs to absorb heat from the polymer to reduce the surface temperature of the substrate.
Decomposition temperature of Melamine salts is high.

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) (containing nitrogen) release inert gases, these non-flammable gases can dilute oxygen, reducing the concentration of combustible gases.

Nitrogen-phosphorus synergist.
Phosphorus promote char-forming, Nitogen release inert gases which will promote the foaming and expansion of the carbonised char layer, so it can prevent the convection of heat and outside oxygen.



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
1) Good quality
2) Competitive price
3) Certificated
4) Professional standard packing
5) Mass customization production
6) Strong production ability



BENEFITS OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a halogen-free flame retardant with high purity.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is white fine powder.
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is with very high thermal stability.

Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) can be UL94V-0 rating for nylon 6 by adding other flame retardants (i.e. pentaerythritol & ammonium polyphosphate).
Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is a halogen free FR and offers significant advantages in terms of fire safety. It will release lower smoke density, lower smoke toxicity and less corrosive gases.



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
- Halogen-free and low poison, meet European Environmental Protection requirements.
- Good processability without special screws combination and special specification glass fibre.
- Good heat stability, decomposition temperature>350°C, suitable for glass fiber-reinforced nylon66.
- Good dispersivity to enhance the mechanical properties of the processed products.Stable product quality to reduce the moisture absorption of the product and make it easy to preserve.



BENEFITS OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
*Halogen-free and very high thermal stability
*UL94V-0 rating for nylon 66
*UL94V-1 rating for nylon 6
*UL94V-0 rating for nylon 6 by adding other flame retardants (i.e. pentaerythritol & ammonium polyphosphate)



FEATURES OF MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
1. Zero halogen and low toxicity, Melamine polyphosphate (MPP) is an environmentally friendly flame retardant that meets European green environmental requirements.

2. Good processability, no need for special screw combinations or special specifications of fiberglass.

3. Good thermal stability, decomposition temperature ≥ 350 ℃, especially suitable for flame retardancy of fiberglass reinforced Melamine polyphosphate (MPP).

4. The FR-NP100 product has good dispersibility, enhances the mechanical properties of the processed product, slows down the moisture absorption of the product, and is easy to store.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
Appearance: White powder
Nitrogen content: 39%~43.5%
Phosphorus content: 12%~15%
Moisture: ≤0.5
Particle size (D50): ≤5μm
CAS Number: 218768-84-4
Molecular Weight: N/A
Density: N/A
Boiling Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C3H6N6.(H3PO4)n
Melting Point: N/A

MSDS: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Appearance: White powder
Chemical Formula: HO(C3H7N6PO3)nH
N content (%): 42 to 44
P content (%): 12 to 14
pH value (10g/L): 4 to 6
Particle size µm MPP-A: D50 ≤ 2.5, D98 ≤ 30
Particle size µm MPP-B: D50 ≤ 1.7, D98 ≤ 18
Bulk density kg/m³: 300 to 500
Solubility (20°C) g/L: ≤ 0.05

Decomposition temperature MPP-A: ≥ 375°C
Decomposition temperature MPP-B: ≥ 360°C
CBNumber: CB8212566
Molecular Formula: C3H9N6O4P
Molecular Weight: 224.12
MDL Number: MFCD00060248
MOL File: 20208-95-1.mol
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: Solid
Color: White to Off-White
FDA UNII: DOS5Q2BU94
EPA Substance Registry System: 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine, phosphate (1:1) (20208-95-1)
CAS No.: 218768-84-4

Specs: Flame retardant
Molecular Formula: C3H6N6.(H3PO4)n
Appearance: White powder
CAS No.: 218768-84-4
Specifications:
P (%): 14 min
N (%): 35 min
Density (g/cm³): 1.74
Decomposition temperature: 300℃ min
Solubility in water (25℃ g/100 ml H2O): 0.1 g/100 ml H2O max
pH: 5.0~7.0
Average Particle size: 15μm max



FIRST AID MEASURES of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MELAMINE POLYPHOSPHATE (MPP):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available