LUTENSOL XP 99 is a nonionic surfactant.
LUTENSOL XP 99 is an alkyl polyethylene glycol ether based on C10-Guerbet alcohol and ethylene oxide.

LUTENSOL XP 99 is manufactured by causing the C10-alkohol to react with ethylene oxide in stoichiometric proportions.
The numeric code in LUTENSOL XP 99 name indicates in general the degree of the ethoxilation.
LUTENSOL XP 99 is a clear liquid at room temperature.

Uses of LUTENSOL XP 99:
Dishwashing,
Food and Beverage Processing,
Food Service and Kitchen Hygiene,
Commercial Laundry,
Institutional Cleaning and Sanitation.

Applications of LUTENSOL XP 99:
The LUTENSOL XP types belong to a group of nonionic surfactants that have established themselves in detergents and cleaners, and in other branches of the chemical industry, by virtue of the high levels of surface activity they display.
Their main area of application is in detergents and cleaners for household, industrial and institutional use.

Because they are nonionic, the LUTENSOL XP types can be combined with anionic, cationic and nonionic surfactants and auxiliaries.
They are fully compatible with alkylaryl sulphonates (Lutensit A-LB types), ether sulphates and other sulphated and sulphonated products.

This enables synergistic effects and very high levels of performance to be obtained.
They are also compatible with the Lutensit TC-KLC 50 types (cationic biocides based on dimethyl fatty alkylbenzeneammonium chloride) and with other nonionic surfactants such as our LUTENSOL A N, AO, AT, TO, ON, F and GD types, and the low-foaming surfactants in our Plurafac LF and Pluronic PE and RPE ranges.

Their compatibility with dyes, pigments, protective colloids, thickeners and other substances with a molar mass in the upper range is also very good.
The versatility of the LUTENSOL XP types is such that they can be used to formulate acidic, alkaline and neutral cleaners that satisfy the most varied requirements.

They are very effective emulsifiers in combination with Emulan and other products from the LUTENSOL range.
Very large amounts of acids, alkali, salts and organic solvents may have to be added to some formulations in order to fulfil special requirements.

High concentrations of inorganic salts, bases and acids can impair the solubility of the LUTENSOL XP types.
Nevertheless, this does not necessarily affect their performance.
Although electrolytes of this type do not cause the LUTENSOL XP types to decompose, they can still cause solutions to seperate or to become cloudy but, provided they are still homogeneous, their performance is not affected.

Cleaners:
We recommend the following LUTENSOL XP types for the products listed below:

Household cleaners:
Cleaners for floors, sanitary ware, tiles and enamel can be formulated with LUTENSOL XP 60, XP 70, XP 80, XP 90 and XP 100 in combination with other LUTENSOL types and anionic surfactants from our Lutensit A range (especially Lutensit A-LB types), dispersing agents (Sokalan) and chelating agents (Trilon).
LUTENSOL XP types can be advisable to add a solubilizer such as cumene sulphonate to highly concentrated formulations.

Neutral water based cleaners:
The water soluble products like LUTENSOL XP 70, XP 80, XP 90 and XP 100 perform well in neutral cleaners in combination with Lutensit A types, dispersing agents (Sokalan) and chelating agents (Trilon).
Again, LUTENSOL XP types can be advisable to add a solubilizer such as cumene sulphonate to highly concentrated formulations.

Neutral metal cleaners:
Neutral cleaners and degreasers with a corrosion-inhibiting action for metal pretreatment can be formulated from products such as our Korantin MAT and Korantin PAT.
The water-soluble surfactants in the range, especially LUTENSOL XP 70, XP 80, XP 90 and XP 100, are very effective wetting agents for use in this type of formulation.

Alkaline water-based cleaners:
Cleaners of this type are based on caustic alkali, on alkali carbonates, silicates and phosphates.
They are mainly used to clean metal before LUTENSOL XP types is plated, coated, phosphatized or anodized.

LUTENSOL XP 60, XP 70, XP 80, XP 90 and XP 100 are recommended for this purpose, in combination with other LUTENSOL types, dispersing agents (Sokalan) and, chelating agents (Trilon).
LUTENSOL XP types can be advisable to add a solubilizer such as cumene sulphonate to highly concentrated formulations.

Acid cleaners:
LUTENSOL XP 70, XP 80, XP 90, XP 100 and XP 140 can be used in pickling solutions, degreasers, descalers and derusters based on hydrochloric, sulphuric, phosphoric or amidosulphonic acid.
Formulations can also contain LUTENSOL FA 12, Lutensit TC-KLC 50 and Lutensit A-LB types as well as corrosion inhibitors such as our Korantin BH.

Building care, disinfectants:
For the formulation of disinfectants and cleaners for building care we recommend the use of the water soluble LUTENSOL XP types like LUTENSOL XP 70, XP 80, XP 90 and XP 100 in combination with LUTENSOL A 8, LUTENSOL TO types, LUTENSOL FSA 10, FA 12, Lutensit TC-KLC 50 and Lutensit A-LB types, dispersing agents (Sokalan) and chelating agents (Trilon).

Solvent-based cleaners:
LUTENSOL XP 30, XP 40 and XP 50 can be used alongside Emulan A, P and PO to emulsify hydrocarbons such as mineral spirits and kerosene in solvent-based cleaners that are applied cold.
Cleaners of this type are used to clean motor vehicles, engines, machine parts, road and rail tankers, etc., and to degrease metal.

Emulsification:
The LUTENSOL XP types generally perform well as emulsifiers, although some perform better than others.
Their practical performance as emulsifiers can be gauged according to their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, which correlates with their degree of ethoxylation.

The LUTENSOL XP types can be combined with other emulsifiers from our nonionic Emulan and anionic Emulphor ranges, and with alkali soaps, amine soaps and sulphonated oils.
Graduated tests are the most effective means of determining the best combination of emulsifiers and the amounts required.

Tests are indispensable if emulsions are subjected to severe demands due to the presence of electrolytes, finely divided suspended solids or water-soluble, organic solvents.
Special emulsifier combinations often have to be employed to cope with exceptional thermal or mechanical stress.

Dispersing:
The dispersing capacity of surfactants, which plays an important part in cleaning and emulsification processes, is the single most important attribute that has to be considered if sparingly soluble solids are to be dispersed in water or other solvents.
The LUTENSOL XP types can be used to disperse the solids generated by precipitation, coagulation and other chemical reactions.
They can be used alone or in combination with protective colloids.

Wetting:
The LUTENSOL XP types are very effective wetting agents.
They can be employed in a variety of refining, mixing, impregnating and surface-treatment processes.
Again, graduated tests under practical conditions are the most effective means of determining the best products for specific applications.

Other Applications:
There are many applications for the LUTENSOL XP types in the leather, paper, paints and building products industries.
LUTENSOL XP 30 can be used as raw material for ether sulfates.

Substitutes for alkylphenol:
Legislation and voluntary agreements have been adopted in many ethoxylates (APEO) countries to prohibit the use of alkylphenol ethoxylates in detergents and cleaners.
This was prompted by the ecological objections that have been raised owing to the toxicity of degradation products of APEO to fish.

The LUTENSOL XP types can be employed as substitutes for alkylphenol ethoxylates in some detergent and cleaner formulations.
The choice of the respective substitute may be based on criteria like HLB value or cloud point.
Our LUTENSOL XL and LUTENSOL TO types may be more appropriate depending on the formulation in question.

Chemical Nature of LUTENSOL XP 99:
The LUTENSOL XP types are nonionic surfactants.
They are alkyl polyethylene glycol ethers based on C10-Guerbet alcohol and ethylene oxide.

They conform to the following formula:
RO(CH2CH2O)xH
R = C10H21
x = 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14

The numeric code in the product name indicates in general the degree of ethoxilation.
The LUTENSOL XP types are manufactered by causing the C10-alkohol to react with ethylene oxide in stoichiometric proportions.

Properties of LUTENSOL XP 99:
LUTENSOL XP 30, XP 40, XP 50, XP 60, XP 70, XP 80 and XP 90 are cloudy liquids at room temperature, and they tend to form a sediment.
LUTENSOL XP 100 and XP 140 are soft, colourless or slightly yellowish pastes at 23 °C.

They become clear at 50 °C.
LUTENSOL XP 69, XP 79, XP 89 and XP 99 are clear liquids at room temperature.

Storage of LUTENSOL XP 99:
The LUTENSOL XP types should be stored indoors in a dry place.
Store rooms must not be overheated.

The LUTENSOL XP types are hygroscopic due to their good solubility in water, with the result that they may absorb moisture very quickly.
Drums must be resealed each time they are opened.

The storage temperature should not be allowed to fall substantially below 20 °C.
The setting points of these products also need to be taken into account.

LUTENSOL XP 30, XP 40, XP 50, XP 60, XP 70, XP 80 and XP 90 are cloudy liquids at room temperature, and they tend to form a sediment.
LUTENSOL XP 100 and XP 140 are soft, colourless or slightly yellowish pastes at 23 °C.

They become clear at 50°C.
LUTENSOL XP 69, XP 79, XP 89 and XP 99 are clear liquids at room temperature.

Liquid that has solidified or that shows signs of sedimentation should be heated to 50 – 60 °C and homogenized before LUTENSOL XP types is processed.

Drums that have solidified or that have begun to precipitate should be reconstituted by gentle heating, preferably in a heating cabinet.
The temperature must not be allowed to exceed 60 °C.

This also applies if drums are heated by external electrical elements.
Internal electrical elements should not be used because of the localized anomalies in temperature that they cause.

The LUTENSOL XP types must be blanketed with nitrogen if they are stored in heated tanks (at 50 – 60 °C) to prevent them from coming into contact with air.
Constant, gentle stirring helps to prevent them being discoloured as a result of prolonged contact with electrical elements or external heating coils.

Materials:
The following materials can be used for tanks and drums.

AISI 321 stainless steel (X6 CrNiTi 1810)
AISI 316 Ti stainless steel (X10 CrNiMoTi 1810)

Handling of LUTENSOL XP 99:
Protect the eyes and avoid prolonged contact with the skin.
Safety glasses should be worn when handling these products in their undiluted form.

Biological Degradability:
The LUTENSOL XP types are readily biodegradable according to test methods OECD 301 A – F.
This refers also to the alcohol basis of the LUTENSOL XP types.

Classification The LUTENSOL XP types are classified as following according to the German chemical legislation based on the EU guideline 67/548/EWG.

LUTENSOL XP 30 irritant
LUTENSOL XP 40 irritant
LUTENSOL XP 50 irritant
LUTENSOL XP 60 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 69 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 70 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 79 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 80 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 89 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 90 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 99 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 100 irritant, harmful
LUTENSOL XP 140 irritant, harmful

Shelf life of LUTENSOL XP 99:
Provided they are stored properly and drums are kept tightly sealed, the LUTENSOL XP types have a shelf life of at least two years in their original packaging.

Safety of LUTENSOL XP 99:
We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using LUTENSOL XP types for the purpose for which LUTENSOL XP types is intended and from processing LUTENSOL XP 99 in accordance with current practices.
According to the experience that we have gained over many years and other information at our disposal, LUTENSOL XP types do not exert harmful effects on health, provided they are used properly, due attention is given to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the information and advice given in our Safety Data Sheets are observed.

Other Descriptions of LUTENSOL XP 99:

Product Groups:
Nonionic Surfactants

Sub Product Groups:
Alcohol Ethoxylates

Function:
Nonionic Surfactant

Form of Delivery:
Liquid

Chemical Description:
C10-Guerbet alcohol + 9 EO

Product Suitabilities:
Suitable for EU Ecolabel

Related solutions:
Laundry with eco credentials
Short work at the kitchen sink

Certificates:
Care Chemicals: ISO 14001 (Antwerpen)
Care Chemicals: ISO 9001 (Antwerpen)
Care Chemicals: ISO 9001 (global)

Other LUTENSOL Products:
LUTENSOL A 3 N
LUTENSOL A 65 N
LUTENSOL A 9 N
LUTENSOL A 12 N
LUTENSOL AO 3
LUTENSOL AO 5
LUTENSOL AO 7
LUTENSOL AO 11
LUTENSOL AT 18 20%
LUTENSOL AT 25 E
LUTENSOL AT 25 FLAKE
LUTENSOL AT 50 POWDER
LUTENSOL AT 50 FLAKES
LUTENSOL AT 80 POWDER
LUTENSOL FT LT 7
LUTENSOL LA 60
LUTENSOL ON 30
LUTENSOL ON 50
LUTENSOL ON 60
LUTENSOL ON 70
LUTENSOL ON 80
LUTENSOL ON 110
LUTENSOL TO 2
LUTENSOL TO 3
LUTENSOL TO 5
LUTENSOL TO 6
LUTENSOL TO 7
LUTENSOL TO 8
LUTENSOL TO 10
LUTENSOL TO 11
LUTENSOL TO 12
LUTENSOL TO 15
LUTENSOL TO 20
LUTENSOL TO 65
LUTENSOL TO 79
LUTENSOL TO 89
LUTENSOL TO 108
LUTENSOL TO 109
LUTENSOL TO 129
LUTENSOL TO 389
LUTENSOL XP 30
LUTENSOL XP 40
LUTENSOL XP 50
LUTENSOL XP 60
LUTENSOL XP 69
LUTENSOL XP 70
LUTENSOL XP 79
LUTENSOL XP 80
LUTESNOL XP 89
LUTENSOL XP 90
LUTENSOL XP 100
LUTENSOL XP 140
LUTENSOL XL 40
LUTENSOL XL 50
LUTENSOL XL 60
LUTENSOL XL 70
LUTENSOL XL 79
LUTENSOL XL 80
LUTENSOL XL 89
LUTENSOL XL 90
LUTENSOL XL 99
LUTENSOL XL 100
LUTENSOL XL 140

Lutropur MSA High purity methanesulfonic acid 70% (in water). Highly effective, efficient and economical: that is probably the best way to describe Lutropur MSA − high purity methanesulfonic acid (MSA) from BASF. Because of its unique property profile, methanesulfonic acid is becoming increasingly important. In numerous different applications and industries, ranging from chemical synthesis and metal surface treatment through to industrial cleaning, Lutropur MSA is helping our customers to be more successful. Lutropur MSA is ideal for the manufacture of sustainable products. With Lutropur MSA it is often possible to meet more stringent environmental and safety requirements than with other acids. If Lutropur MSA helps ... to achieve optimum industrial results to comply with rules and regulations to cut costs Lutropur MSA is pure methanesulfonic acid. Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is a strong and odorless organic acid with a unique property profile that distinguishes it from all other acids. Benefits in practical applications come, for example, from its nonoxidizing nature, the high solubility of its salts, the absence of color and odor, and the fact that it is readily biodegradable. Consequently, Lutropur MSA is becoming increasingly important in a number of applications and industries. Using a unique manufacturing process, BASF is able to provide a colorless and odorless product that is virtually free of metal ions and sulfates. Chlorinecontaining by-products are also ruled out by the halogen-free process. As a result, consumers in all relevant fields benefit from being able to use Lutropur MSA that is of very high purity. Lutropur MSA is supplied by BASF as a 70% aqueous solution under the brand name Lutropur MSA. Anhydrous Lutropur MSA is available under the brand name Lutropur MSA 100. Manufacturing Process In the manufacturing process developed and patented by BASF, sulfur, hydrogen and methanol are first converted into the intermediate product dimethyldisulfide (DMDS). The DMDS is refined by distillation and then catalytically oxidized with atmospheric oxygen to form methanesulfonic acid and water. A final distillation step ensures the unique purity of Lutropur MSA. Both BASF’s original production facility in Ludwigshafen, Germany (commissioned in 2003, annual capacity 10,000 metric tons) and the extension (to be commissioned in 2012, annual capacity 20,000 metric tons) operate according to this process. With a total annual manufacturing capacity of 30,000 metric tons, BASF is the world’s leading supplier of methanesulfonic acid. The advantages of this process are that it is very safe and reliable, the raw materials are readily available, the whole process is free of chlorine, and it fits very well into the integrated production complex in Ludwigshafen. This continuous process also ensures consistently high product quality Product Groups -Acids Function -Acid Form of Delivery -Liquid Chemical Description -Methanesulfonic acid in water Application -Dishwashing -Hard Surface Cleaning -Food and Beverage Processing -Food Service and Kitchen Hygiene Commercial Laundry -Institutional Cleaning and Sanitation Vehicle and Transportation Care -Industrial Cleaning Properties Lutropur MSA combines a number of beneficial physical and chemical properties. These properties make Lutropur MSA the reagent of choice in many different applications. Lutropur MSA is a strong organic acid with no oxidizing properties. Its high thermal stability compared with aromatic sulfonic acids is particularly useful in the synthesis of chemicals. One of the reasons why Lutropur MSA is so widely used in the electronics industry is that the salts that it forms with metals are highly soluble. Many organic salts of methanesulfonic acid also exhibit very good solubility properties. Especially methanesulfonates of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds often have a low melting point and are used as ionic liquids. Other advantages from the ecological point of view are its ready biodegradability and its low carbon content (TOC). With a melting point of –54°C, Lutropur MSA can be handled in the form of a liquid over a wide temperature range. Being odorless, Lutropur MSA can also be used in odor-sensitive applications and processors have a free choice when it comes to modifying the odor of their formulations. On the boundary between organic and inorganic chemistry With many of its properties, methanesulfonic acid is on the boundary between organic and inorganic chemistry. For example: Distribution between organic and inorganic phase This plays a role in catalysis: Lutropur MSA works better in an organic phase and can be washed out more easily than inorganic acids. Organic incrustations can also be removed more easily in cleaning processes. Acid strength: the acid strength of Lutropur MSA is between that of carboxylic acids and that of strong mineral acids. Lutropur MSA strong organic acid nonoxidizing easy to handle high thermal stability low vapor pressure no toxic fumes low carbon content (TOC) odorless colorless readily biodegradable hardly any contribution to COD free of nitrogen, phosphorus and halogens resistant to hydrolysis Lutropur MSA is odorless. Because the intensity of the odor is governed primarily by the vapor pressure of a compound, vapor pressure curves provide an indication of the odor intensity of a substance. Figure 1 shows the vapor pressure of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid and methanesulfonic acid as a function of temperature. The curves show that compounds with a strong odor, such as hydrochloric acid, acetic acid and formic acid, have a high vapor pressure, as would be expected. By contrast, methanesulfonic acid is characterized by an extremely low vapor pressure, which is consistent with its lack of odor The absence of any odor means greater safety at the workplace, as there are no acrid vapors. Formulators have more freedom to control the odor of their products if they use Lutropur MSA, which does not have any inherent odor to interfere with it. As a result, Lutropur MSA is preferred for use especially in high-temperature processes, e.g. in pickling baths, process cleaning solutions or the production of biodiesel, because it can be handled safely. Methanesulfonic acid is hygroscopic (cf. Chapter 6 Storage). This property becomes more pronounced as its concentration increases, and this is put to use in industrial applications. For example, with Eaton’s reagent (7.5% P2O5 dissolved in Lutropur MSA), water can be separated off from organic compounds without these compounds being oxidized. [4] 3.2 Chemical properties 3.2 a. Acid properties – the anion makes all the difference The strength of acids has a wide-ranging influence on the rate at which they react. For example, when limestone is dissolved, the protons present in the acid solution react with the insoluble calcium carbonate to form carbon dioxide, water and the soluble calcium salt of the acid being used (Figure 2). Therefore, the more protons, i.e. active species, the acid used is able to supply, the greater the efficiency of the dissolving process. Many other salts of Lutropur MSA, including rare-earth salts and compounds with nitrogenous bases, also have a remarkably high solubility (cf. Table 3). Because of the excellent solubility of the organic and inorganic methanesulfonates, methanesulfonic acid is used in applications where this feature, combined with the other beneficial properties of Lutropur MSA, provides crucial advantages: all types of acid cleaning processes electroplating neutralization of active chemical and pharmaceutical ingredients extractive metallurgy and mining metal recycling dissolving of rock industrial washing processes ionic liquids 3.2 c. Redox stability Lutropur MSA is very resistant to strong oxidizing agents. For example, it does not react, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid or permanganate. This means, amongst other things, that Lutropur MSA can be used in formulations that contain such oxidizing agents. Even in hot chromosulfuric acid, Lutropur MSA is relatively stable. This is also evident in the determination of the COD value, which, at about 4 mg O2/g COD, is equivalent to only about 2% of the amount of oxygen required theoretically for complete oxidation [6]. Lutropur MSA is also resistant to strong reducing agents, such as nascent hydrogen. In the cyclic voltammogram this high redox stability can also be seen in the electrochemical stability of Lutropur MSA. Lutropur MSA is stable over a remarkably wide range. At about 3.8 volt, the electrochemical window (ECW) of stability is very wide (cf. Figure 6). Not only the redox stability of Lutropur MSA, but its high level of stability generally should be highlighted. Apart from the formation of salts, Lutropur MSA hardly reacts chemically with anything and is therefore practically inert. That also means that, under practical conditions, no unwanted secondary reactions take place. Lutropur MSA is not subject to hydrolysis does not undergo addition reactions does not undergo substitution reactions is stable in air to 180°C Methanesulfonic acid is readily biodegradable according to OECD Guideline 301 A, forming carbon dioxide, sulfate, water and biomass as decomposition products. Of all the organic sulfonic acids, Lutropur MSA is the best choice from the environmental point of view because its oxygen demand for degradation is lower than that of all other organic sulfonic acids. As a result of its high resistance to oxidation, the measured chemical oxygen demand (COD) is also well below the figure for e.g. readily oxidizable carboxylic acids such as acetic acid. Because it contains no phosphorus, Lutropur MSA, unlike phosphoric acid, does not contribute to eutrophication and the associated increase in algal growth in aquatic environments. It is free of halogens and nitrogen and has a low toxicological risk potential to complete its attractive property profile. Methanesulfonic acid is formed as the result of the photochemical oxidation of dimethylsulfide in the atmosphere and is thus part of the natural sulfur cycle [5]. Lutropur MSA also has a lower vapor pressure than other acids (cf. Chapter 3), which is a further advantage from the point of view of safety at work and environmental protection. Therefore − unlike carboxylic acids such as acetic acid or glycolic acid − it is virtually free of volatile organic compounds (VOC). Further advice and information can be found in the safety data sheets for Lutropur MSA and Lutropur MSA 100. Lutropur MSA 100 strong organic acid. It has advantage that many of the salts that it forms with metals are very soluble in water. It is readily biodegradable, and it is also distinguished by its high thermal stability and its high conductivity. Lutropur MSA 100 strong organic acid. It has advantage that many of the salts that it forms with metals are very soluble in water. It is readily biodegradable, and it is also distinguished by its high thermal stability and its high conductivity. Lutropur MSA is a strong odorless organic acid that is fast acting, effective and safe for the environment, along with combines all these benefits while removing: Lime scale faster than other typical acids Calcium oxalate as well as other calcium deposits Rust and Grime Lutropur MSA shows high solubility of its salts for a highly efficient cleaning and high thermal stability. Exhibits a low viscosity and toxicity. Can safely be used on a broad range of surfaces and is non-oxidizing and non reducing. Product overview Lutropur MSA 70% (Methane Sulfonic Acid - CAS 75-75-2) is a strong acid widely used as a catalyst (esterification, alkylation, etc.) thanks to its performances, it is an interesting substitute for organic and inorganic strong acids in various applications. Ester quality, easy recyclability and "green" effluent are part of the major 70% methane sulfonic acid advantage is in esterification. Properties: -strong acid -biodegradable -non oxidizing and not foaming -compatible with oxidizing agent and biocides Lutropur MSA is particularly effective for catalyzing esterification and polymerization reactions, but it is also employed as a catalyst in condensation, cyclization, alkylation and rearrangement reactions. Apart from being used as a catalyst, Lutropur MSA is also employed as a feedstock in the manufacture of salts (the methanesulfonates) and as a solvent to improve yields in various processes. Properties of Lutropur MSA stands for MSA methansulfonic acid. Organic acid with a very versatile application range. Combines a number or beneficial physical and chemical properties. Strong acid with no oxidizing properties. High thermal stability. Compared with aromatic sulfonic acids, MSA is particularly useful in the synthesis of chemicals The formed organic salts show very good dissolution properties. Methansulfonic acid is odourless and has an excellent biodegradability performance. Applications of Lutropur MSA Use as a catalyst in many chemical reactions like -Esterification -Acylation -Alkylation -Dehydration -Hydrolysis -Cyclization -Polymerisation -Condensation -Salification -Diazotization -Rearrangement -Aromatic substitution -Solvent -Neutralisation The formed salts of methansulfonic acid (mesylates) show a high solubility property. General description The product is a 70% aqueous solution of methanesulfonic acid (MSA). Lutropur MSA is a strong organic acid. The chemical oxidation of dimetyl sulfide in the atmosphere leads to the formation of MSA in large quantities.[1] Lutropur MSA undergoes biodegradation by forming CO2 and sulphate. Lutropur MSA is considered a green acid as it is less toxic and corrosive in comparison to mineral acids. The aqueous Lutropur MSA solution has been considered a model electrolyte for electrochemical processes. Application of Lutropur MSA Methanesulfonic acid solution may be used to study the corrosion behavior of stainless steel. Marinosulfonomonas methylotropha strain TR3 is a marine methylotroph that uses methanesulfonic acid (Lutropur MSA) as a sole carbon and energy source. The genes from M. methylotropha strain TR3 encoding methanesulfonate monooxygenase, the enzyme responsible for the initial oxidation of Lutropur MSA to formaldehyde and sulfite, were cloned and sequenced. They were located on two gene clusters on the chromosome of this bacterium. A 5.0-kbp HindIII fragment contained msmA, msmB, and msmC, encoding the large and small subunits of the hydroxylase component and the ferredoxin component, respectively, of the methanesulfonate monooxygenase, while a 6.5-kbp HindIII fragment contained duplicate copies of msmA and msmB, as well as msmD, encoding the reductase component of methanesulfonate. Both sets of msmA and msmB genes were virtually identical, and the derived msmA and msmB sequences of M. methylotropha strain TR3, compared with the corresponding hydroxylase from the terrestrial Lutropur MSA utilizer Methylosulfonomonas methylovora strain M2 were found to be 82 and 69% identical. The msmA gene was investigated as a functional gene probe for detection of Lutropur MSA-utilizing bacteria. PCR primers spanning a region of msmA which encoded a unique Rieske [2Fe-2S] binding region were designed. These primers were used to amplify the corresponding msmA genes from newly isolated Hyphomicrobium, Methylobacterium, and Pedomicrobium species that utilized Lutropur MSA, from Lutropur MSA enrichment cultures, and from DNA samples extracted directly from the environment. The high degree of identity of these msmA gene fragments, compared to msmA sequences from extant Lutropur MSA utilizers, indicated the effectiveness of these PCR primers in molecular microbial ecology. Applications Methane sulfonic acid 70% solution (Lutropur MSA) is used virtually in all electronic applications involving tin or tin-alloy plating from non fluoborate systems. It replaces phosphoric acid in detergent formulations, thereby helping to avoid environmental phosphate pollution. Lutropur MSA is used in the preparation of polyaniline/graphene nanocomposites, which enhances its thermal and electrical properties. Lutropur MSA is utilized for electropolishing of aluminum as well as in electroplating of noble metals like gold, platinum, palladium and their alloys. Solubility Miscible with water. Slightly miscible with benzene and toluene. Immiscible with paraffins. Lutropur MSA's production and use as a catalyst in esterification, alkylation, olefin polymerization, and peroxidation reactions and as a solvent may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. Lutropur MSA is produced by atmospheric hydrolysis of dimethyl sulfoxide, which itself is produced from naturally-derived dimethyl sulfide. If released to air, a vapor pressure of 4.28X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates Lutropur MSA will exist solely as a vapor. Vapor-phase Lutropur MSA will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 58 days. Lutropur MSA does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, Lutropur MSA is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1. The pKa of Lutropur MSA is -1.86, indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts. Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in four weeks indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process. If released into water, Lutropur MSA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. The pKa indicates Lutropur MSA will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process. Lutropur MSA is miscible with water and therefore bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to Lutropur MSA may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Lutropur MSA is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to methansulfonic acid via inhalation of ambient air; Lutropur MSA is widely detected in marine air. Lutropur MSA is produced by atmospheric hydrolysis of dimethyl sulfoxide(1), which itself is produced from the atmospheric photochemical oxidation of dimethyl sulfide, which comes from marine algae and salt marsh plants(2). Lutropur MSA's production and use as a catalyst in esterification, alkylation, olefin polymerization, peroxidation reactions(1) and as a solvent(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Lutropur MSA is expected to have very mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of Lutropur MSA is -1.86(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Lutropur MSA is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 4.28X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(5). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in four weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that Lutropur MSA is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of -1.86(3) indicates Lutropur MSA will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(4). Lutropur MSA is miscible with water(5) and therefore bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Utilizing the Japanese MITI test, 100% of the Theoretical BOD was reached in four weeks(6) indicating that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), Lutropur MSA, which has a measured vapor pressure of 4.28X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase Lutropur MSA is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 58 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 2.8X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Lutropur MSA does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of Lutropur MSA with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.8X10-13 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 58 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Lutropur MSA is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Lutropur MSA does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and therefore is not expected to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of Lutropur MSA can be estimated to be 1(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that Lutropur MSA is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of Lutropur MSA is -1.86(3), indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Lutropur MSA had sub-micrometer-aerosol concentration peaks of approximately 0.47 and 0.4 mol/cu m in February and December, respectively, in the atmosphere at Cape Grim off of Australia in 1989(1). Lutropur MSA was found at the highest levels in atmospheric samples collected around noon and concentrated in the smaller size particles (0.25-2 um in diameter) at concentrations of 5.3, 5.5, and 15.7 ng/cu meter in samples taken from the Southern Bahamas, the Northern Bahamas, and the Sargasso Sea, respectively(2). Lutropur MSA was found in Germany at concentrations of 0.02 - 0.43 ug/cu m in atmospheric samples taken in October and November of 1978(3). Aerosol Lutropur MSA was detected at six stations in the Pacific at mean concentrations of 0.097, 0.029, 0.044, 0.026, 0.021, and 0.024 ug/cu m(4). Aerosol Lutropur MSA has been found at mean concentrations of 9.27X10-9 and 1.14X10-9 mol/cu m in July of 1985 and December of 1986 in the marine atmosphere of the British Isles(5). NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 8,084 workers (1,393 of these were female) were potentially exposed to Lutropur MSA in the US(1). Occupational exposure to methane sulfonic acid may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where Lutropur MSA is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to Lutropur MSA via inhalation of ambient air(SRC). Lutropur MSA (MsOH) or methanesulphonic acid (in British English) is a colorless liquid with the chemical formula CH3SO3H. It is the simplest of the alkylsulfonic acids. Salts and esters of Lutropur MSA are known as mesylates (or methanesulfonates, as in ethyl methanesulfonate). It is hygroscopic in its concentrated form. Lutropur MSA may be considered an intermediate compound between sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and methylsulfonylmethane ((CH3)2SO2), effectively replacing an –OH group with a –CH3 group at each step. This pattern can extend no further in either direction without breaking down the –SO2– group. Lutropur MSA can dissolve a wide range of metal salts, many of them in significantly higher concentrations than in hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. Applications Lutropur MSA is used as an acid catalyst in organic reactions because it is a non-volatile, strong acid that is soluble in organic solvents. It is convenient for industrial applications because it is liquid at ambient temperature, while the closely related p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) is solid. However, in a laboratory setting, solid PTSA is more convenient. Lutropur MSA can be used in the generation of borane (BH3) by reacting Lutropur MSA with NaBH4 in an aprotic solvent such as THF or DMS, the complex of BH3 and the solvent is formed. Electroplating Solutions of Lutropur MSA are used for the electroplating of tin and tin-lead solders. It is displacing the use of fluoroboric acid, which releases corrosive and volatile hydrogen fluoride.[5] Lutropur MSA is also a primary ingredient in rust and scale removers.[6] It is used to clean off surface rust from ceramic, tiles and porcelain which are usually susceptible to acid attack. Methanesulfonic acid (Lutropur MSA) is a green acid with a remarkably high solubility for several speciality and base metals including lead, making it an interesting leaching agent for metals. Lutropur MSA is safer and less toxic than the mineral acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3) currently employed for leaching metals from primary and secondary sources. In this study, Lutropur MSA was tested for the leaching of lead and zinc from the iron-rich jarosite residue of the zinc industry. The leaching of lead, zinc and iron increased as a function of the Lutropur MSA concentration in water up to 90 vol% Lutropur MSA. Higher Lutropur MSA concentrations resulted in precipitate formation due to the limited solubility of the iron and zinc methanesulfonate salts in water-lean Lutropur MSA. Leaching with pure Lutropur MSA resulted in a pregnant leach solution (PLS) comprising most of the lead and zinc, and a precipitate comprising the majority of the iron and a fraction of the zinc originally present in the jarosite. The optimization of the leaching conditions showed that increasing the liquid-to-solid ratio or temperature increased the leaching efficiencies of the metals, especially of lead. The leaching under optimized conditions was successfully performed on a larger scale using a temperature-controlled batch leaching reactor. The metal/iron mass ratio increased from 1/4 for Pb/Fe, and from 1/7 for Zn/Fe in the initial jarosite, to over 2.66/1 and 1/2, in the PLS, respectively. The remaining Lutropur MSA in the PLS was recovered by vacuum distillation and successfully reused for three leaching cycles.

Luvigel EM is a milky emulsion of sodium acrylates copolymer in caprylic/capric triglyceride and water.
Luvigel EM is used as a thickener in all kinds of cosmetic emulsions.

CAS Number: 256237-03-8



APPLICATIONS


Luvigel EM is commonly used as a thickener and emulsifier in personal care products.
Luvigel EM is suitable for use in a wide range of formulations, including lotions, creams, and gels.

Luvigel EM is particularly effective in creating stable emulsions with a smooth, non-greasy feel.
Luvigel EM can also improve the texture and sensory qualities of formulations.
In hair care products, Luvigel EM can enhance the conditioning and detangling properties.

Luvigel EM is often used in sun care products to improve the water resistance and spreadability.
Luvigel EM can also provide a cooling sensation when applied to the skin, making it ideal for after-sun products.

Luvigel EM is compatible with a wide range of ingredients, including both oil and water-based ingredients.
Luvigel EM can be used to stabilize high concentrations of oil-soluble actives, such as vitamins and botanical extracts.

In deodorant formulations, Luvigel EM can help to improve the spreadability and reduce the greasy feel of the product.
Luvigel EM is also used in anti-aging products to improve the firmness and elasticity of the skin.

Luvigel EM can help to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Luvigel EM can also improve the sensory properties of makeup formulations, such as foundation and BB creams.
Luvigel EM can help to create a smooth, even texture and improve the spreadability of the product.

In shaving products, Luvigel EM can enhance the glide and lubricity of the formulation.
Luvigel EM can also reduce the potential for skin irritation and provide a moisturizing effect.

Luvigel EM can be used in baby care products, such as diaper creams, to provide a gentle, non-irritating texture.
Luvigel EM can help to reduce redness and irritation, while also moisturizing and protecting delicate skin.

Luvigel EM is suitable for use in both rinse-off and leave-on products.
Luvigel EM can provide a long-lasting, moisturizing effect in leave-on products such as body lotions and hand creams.
Luvigel EM can also be used in hair styling products, such as mousses and gels, to provide hold and texture.

Luvigel EM can help to create a flexible, non-sticky hold that lasts throughout the day.
Luvigel EM is easy to use and can be added to formulations at room temperature.

Luvigel EM does not require any special processing or equipment.
Luvigel EM is a versatile and effective ingredient for a wide range of personal care formulations.

Luvigel EM can be used as a thickener in hair care products such as shampoos and conditioners.
Luvigel EM is an effective emulsifier in skin care products such as lotions and creams.
Luvigel EM can be used as a gelling agent in bath and shower gels.

Luvigel EM is used as a rheology modifier in sunscreens and other UV-protection products.
Luvigel EM can be used in the formulation of antiperspirants and deodorants to improve the texture and stability of the products.

Luvigel EM can be used as a stabilizer for fragrances in perfumes and colognes.
Luvigel EM is a common ingredient in facial masks and peels.

Luvigel EM can be used in the formulation of makeup products such as foundations and concealers.
Luvigel EM can be used in the production of shaving creams and gels.

Luvigel EM is used in the formulation of baby care products such as diaper creams and lotions.
Luvigel EM is a common ingredient in hand sanitizers and other sanitizing products.
Luvigel EM can be used as a thickener and emulsifier in pet care products such as shampoos and conditioners.

Luvigel EM is used in the production of hair styling products such as gels and mousses.
Luvigel EM can be used in the formulation of self-tanning lotions and sprays.

Luvigel EM is used as a stabilizer and thickener in oral care products such as toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Luvigel EM is used in the formulation of massage oils and lotions.

Luvigel EM can be used in the production of body washes and shower creams.
Luvigel EM can be used as a thickener and emulsifier in hand and body lotions.
Luvigel EM is used in the formulation of foot care products such as foot creams and balms.

Luvigel EM is a common ingredient in facial cleansers and exfoliants.
Luvigel EM can be used in the production of bubble baths and bath oils.

Luvigel EM is used in the formulation of hair coloring products such as hair dyes and tints.
Luvigel EM can be used in the production of men's grooming products such as beard oils and balms.

Luvigel EM can be used as a thickener and emulsifier in massage gels and creams.
Luvigel EM is used in the formulation of fragranced body sprays and mists.


Luvigel EM is a multifunctional ingredient used in various personal care products.
Some of its applications include:

Skin care:

Luvigel EM is used in a range of skin care products, such as lotions, creams, and serums, as it helps to improve the texture and spreadability of the product.


Hair care:

In hair care products, Luvigel EM acts as a film-forming agent, providing a protective coating around the hair strands to improve their strength and resilience.


Sun care:

Luvigel EM is used in sunscreens to improve the viscosity and stability of the product, ensuring that the active ingredients are evenly distributed and providing optimal protection against UV rays.


Decorative cosmetics:

Luvigel EM is used in various makeup products, such as foundations and mascaras, to enhance their texture, spreadability, and adherence.


Fragrance:

Luvigel EM can also be used in fragrance products, such as perfumes and colognes, to improve the stability and longevity of the scent.


Overall, Luvigel EM is a versatile ingredient that can improve the overall performance and aesthetic of a wide range of personal care products.

Luvigel EM is used in the production of body lotions and creams, providing a smooth and silky texture.
Luvigel EM is also used in the production of hair conditioners to provide a soft and manageable feel to the hair.

Luvigel EM can be used in the production of facial moisturizers, providing a lightweight and non-greasy texture.
Luvigel EM is used in the production of hand sanitizers to provide a thick and stable gel-like texture.
Luvigel EM can be used in the production of sunscreens to provide a smooth and easy-to-spread texture.

Luvigel EM is used in the production of facial masks to provide a creamy and luxurious feel to the skin.
Luvigel EM is used in the production of shaving creams and gels, providing a smooth and lubricating texture.

Luvigel EM is also used in the production of body scrubs and exfoliants to provide a thick and creamy texture.
Luvigel EM can be used in the production of anti-aging creams and serums, providing a smooth and hydrating texture.

Luvigel EM is used in the production of lip balms and lipsticks, providing a smooth and moisturizing texture to the lips.
Luvigel EM is used in the production of foot creams and lotions, providing a soothing and moisturizing texture.
Luvigel EM is also used in the production of hair styling products such as gels and mousses, providing a strong hold and definition.

Luvigel EM can be used in the production of hand creams and lotions, providing a soft and silky texture.
Luvigel EM is used in the production of bath and shower gels, providing a thick and luxurious lather.

Luvigel EM is used in the production of baby creams and lotions, providing a gentle and soothing texture.
Luvigel EM is also used in the production of massage oils and lotions, providing a smooth and glide-like texture.
Luvigel EM can be used in the production of deodorants and antiperspirants, providing a smooth and non-sticky texture.

Luvigel EM is used in the production of perfumes and fragrances, providing a thick and long-lasting texture.
Luvigel EM is used in the production of pet grooming products such as shampoos and conditioners, providing a soft and manageable texture to the fur.
Luvigel EM can also be used in the production of wound healing and scar treatment products, providing a smooth and healing texture to the skin.


Luvigel EM is used in a variety of applications in the personal care and cosmetics industry, some of which include:

Facial moisturizers
Anti-aging creams
Eye creams
Serums
Sunscreen lotions
Body lotions
Hand creams
Foot creams
Hair styling products
Hair gels
Hair mousses
Shampoos
Conditioners
Hair masks
Body washes
Shower gels
Bath foams
Shaving creams
After-shave lotions
Deodorants



DESCRIPTION


Luvigel EM is a milky emulsion of sodium acrylates copolymer in caprylic/capric triglyceride and water.
Luvigel EM is used as a thickener in all kinds of cosmetic emulsions.

Luvigel EM is a trade name for Acrylates/C10-30 Alkyl Acrylate Crosspolymer.
Luvigel EM is a high molecular weight acrylic acid polymer that functions as a thickening, stabilizing, and suspending agent in cosmetic and personal care products.
Luvigel EM is typically used in the formulation of skin care, hair care, and color cosmetic products.

Luvigel EM provides a smooth and velvety texture to formulations, enhances the stability of emulsions, and allows for the suspension of insoluble particles in the final product.
Luvigel EM is supplied as a white, free-flowing powder that is easy to disperse in water or oil phases of formulations.



PROPERTIES


Appearance: White to off-white powder.
Odor: Characteristic.
Solubility: Insoluble in water and ethanol; soluble in isopropanol.
pH: 6.0 - 8.5 (1% aqueous dispersion).
Melting point: > 70°C.
Molecular weight: Approximately 350,000 g/mol.
Viscosity: Forms highly viscous and stable gels.
Stability: Stable over a wide pH range and in the presence of electrolytes and surfactants.
Compatibility: Compatible with a wide range of ingredients, including lipophilic and hydrophilic compounds.
Emulsification: Capable of producing stable oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions.
Thickening: Increases the viscosity of formulations, providing texture and structure to the final product.
Stabilization: Improves the physical stability of formulations by preventing phase separation and coalescence.
Film-forming: Forms a continuous film on the skin, enhancing the longevity of cosmetic products.
Moisturizing: Helps to hydrate and soften the skin.
Non-ionic: Does not ionize in water, reducing the risk of irritation and compatibility issues with other ingredients.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.


Skin contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash affected skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Seek medical attention if skin irritation or other symptoms develop.


Eye contact:

Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids occasionally.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If ingested, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth and lips with water.
Seek medical attention immediately.


Note: In case of any doubt, or if symptoms persist, seek medical attention promptly.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection.
Use in a well-ventilated area.

Avoid inhalation of dust or mist.
Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.


Storage:

Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area.
Keep container tightly closed when not in use.

Store away from incompatible materials.
Store away from sources of heat, sparks, or flames.

Store in a clean area away from potential sources of contamination.
Store in a separate area designated for flammable materials.
Store in accordance with local regulations.


Shelf life:

The recommended shelf life of Luvigel EM is two years from the date of manufacture.
Proper storage and handling can extend the shelf life of the product.


Disposal:

Dispose of Luvigel EM in accordance with local regulations.
Do not dispose of in a landfill or in water.
Consult with a licensed waste disposal company for proper disposal methods.



SYNONYMS


Polyacrylamide
Hydroxyethyl acrylate
Crosspolymer
Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer
Carbomer
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosspolymer
Acrylic acid polymer
Hydroxypropyl methacrylate
Methacrylic acid copolymer
Poly(acrylic acid)
Poly(methacrylic acid)
Acrylate copolymer
Sodium polyacrylate
Sodium acrylates copolymer
Polyacrylic acid sodium salt
Polymethyl methacrylate
Acrylamide copolymer
Polyvinylpyrrolidone
Ethylene glycol methacrylate
Sodium carbomer
Copolymer of acrylic acid and acrylamide
Vinyl acetate/crotonic acid copolymer
Octylacrylamide/acrylates/butylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer
Acrylate crosspolymer-4
Polysorbate 20/60/80/acrylate copolymer
Ammonium acryloyldimethyltaurate/VP copolymer
Vinylpyrrolidone copolymer
Sodium acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer
Polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate crosspolymer
Sodium polyacrylate/styrene sulfonate copolymer
Acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer
Polyacrylate-10
Carbopol® Ultrez 20 polymer
Rheocare® TTA
Salcare® SC 91 polymer
Salcare® Super 7 polymer
Ultrez 20 polymer
Dovigel 200
Noveon® AA-1 polymer
Keltrol® CG-RD polymer
Pemulen™ TR-1 polymer
Polygel 110
Polygel 200
Polygel 300
Simulgel™ NS
Cosmedia® SP
Xanthan gum
Hyaluronic acid
Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
Hydroxyethyl cellulose

INCI name(s): Polyurethane-39


DESCRIPTION:
LUVIGEL STAR AT 3 is Aqueous solution of a polyurethane alkoxylate polymer with fatty alcohols as "hydrophobic" end groups.
LUVIGEL STAR AT 3 is An associative rheology modifier that provides a waxy after-feel.
Luvigel Star AT 3 is a pH insensitive non-ionic electrolyte tolerant polyurethane-based associative rheology modifier.
Luvigel Star AT 3 interacts with structured hydrophobic ingredients in the formulation, requires no neutralization or pre-swelling, and is suitable for cold process formulations.
Luvigel Star AT 3 is recommended for face care, color care, body care, and sun care applications.



Luvigel Star AT 3 is a non-ionic associative rheology modifier developed specifically for skin and sun care applications.
Because of its innovative polyurethane technology, Luvigel STAR AT 3 provides outstanding thickening efficiency under challenging conditions, such as high salt concentrations or extreme pH values.

• Urethane-based associative rheology modifier
• Thickens a broad range of formulations independent of the electrolyte / salt concentration
• Easy to use
• Flexible dosing
• Cold processable
• Designed for enriched skin and sun care formulations with highactive levels
• Wide pH range of 2-12
High stability or tolerance in presence of high salt concentration or extreme pH values.

LUVIGEL STAR AT 3 by BASF is a non-ionic, electrolyte-tolerant and polyurethane-based rheology modifier.
LUVIGEL STAR AT 3 provides enriched skin and high active levels in sun-care formulations.
Moreover, LUVIGEL STAR AT 3 is used in color cosmetics and cleansing products even when a wide pH range is required.
LUVIGEL STAR AT 3 finds application in formulating conditioners and body-care products.

PROPERTIES OF LUVIGEL STAR AT 3:

Appearance:
Transparent and viscous non-ionic aqueous dispersion
Dose of Use / Active Matter : 0.5 - 5 % / ~ 20 %
pH Range: 2 - 12
Physical Form / Type: Liquid / Non-Ionic
Preservatives:
• 1.2 % mixture of Phenoxyethanol,
• Phenylpropanol, Propanediol, Caprylyl
• Glycol and Tocopherol


FORMULATIONS:
• Powdery Soft Butter, Butter Cream (SC-FR-14-000-C001)
• Luxurious Balm, Balm (SC-FR-14-000-B001)


FIELDS OF APPLICATION:
• Face Care
• Body Care
• Color Care
• Sun Care
• AP / Deo
• Hair Styling

Performance profile
• Associative thickener that interacts with structured hydrophobic ingredients in the formulation
• No neutralization or pre-swelling needed
• Very good electrolyte tolerance
• Influence on sensory properties


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT LUVIGEL STAR AT 3:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Luvimer 100 P is a specialized styling agent tailored for use in a variety of hair care products.
As a crucial component in hair styling formulations, Luvimer 100 P imparts essential hold and structure to various hairstyles.
Luvimer 100 P is particularly popular in aerosol hairsprays, pump sprays, lotions, and hair mousses.
Its versatile composition combines t-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid monomers to achieve desired styling effects.



APPLICATIONS


Luvimer 100 P finds its primary application as a styling agent in various hair care products, catering to diverse hairstyling needs.
Luvimer 100 P is extensively used in aerosol hairsprays, adding essential hold and structure to a wide range of hairstyles.

Pump sprays benefit from Luvimer 100 P's film-forming properties, enabling controlled application for sleek and textured styles.
Lotions incorporating Luvimer 100 P offer a versatile option for targeted styling effects, enhancing manageability and structure.
Hair mousses, enriched with Luvimer 100 P, help create voluminous and textured styles with enduring hold.

In the realm of pet care, this chemical is employed to achieve well-maintained and creatively styled pet fur.
The anionic film-forming agent properties of neutralized Luvimer 100 P make it indispensable for hair setting products.

Its incorporation in aerosol hairsprays ensures even distribution of fine droplets, resulting in consistent and lasting hold.
Hair care products featuring Luvimer 100 P help combat frizz and maintain sleek styles, regardless of humidity levels.
The combination of t-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid monomers makes Luvimer 100 P adaptable to various formulations.

Luvimer 100 P aids in achieving subtle volume, textured looks, and intricate styles, supporting a wide array of hairstyling preferences.
Its adhesive properties, attributed to the t-butyl acrylate component, ensure the longevity of diverse hairstyles.


Luvimer 100 P's film-forming properties enable it to create a protective layer over individual hair strands, ensuring longevity and shape retention of various hairstyles.
Hair care products formulated with Luvimer 100 P offer consumers a versatile range of styling options, from sleek and polished to textured and voluminous.
The neutralized anionic form of Luvimer 100 P contributes to its compatibility with a broad spectrum of hair setting formulations.

In the world of fashion and beauty, Luvimer 100 P assists hairstylists in crafting runway-worthy looks that defy gravity and showcase creative ingenuity.
The innovative use of Luvimer 100 P in pet care products reflects the growing trend of pampering pets with stylish and well-groomed fur.
Hair mousses featuring Luvimer 100 P provide a reliable tool for creating gravity-defying hairstyles that last throughout the day.
Lotions incorporating this styling agent cater to those seeking flexible and manageable hair while maintaining a structured look.
The combination of monomers in Luvimer 100 P ensures that hairstyles remain versatile, allowing for easy adjustments and restyling.

The presence of Luvimer 100 P in pet grooming products brings an element of creativity and playfulness to pet owners seeking unique fur styles.
Hair care enthusiasts appreciate the ability of Luvimer 100 P to transform ordinary hairstyles into extraordinary statements of self-expression.
The neutralized form of Luvimer 100 P helps create hair setting products that resist humidity, ensuring styles remain intact even in challenging weather.
Pump sprays enriched with Luvimer 100 P empower users to customize their hairstyles by adjusting the quantity applied for desired effects.

The terpolymer composition of Luvimer 100 P contributes to its adaptability, making it suitable for both simple everyday styles and intricate updos.
Hair care brands leverage Luvimer 100 P's unique attributes to create products that address the diverse preferences and needs of consumers.
The inclusion of Luvimer 100 P in hair styling formulations enhances the effectiveness of products designed for various hair textures and lengths.
Luvimer 100 P aligns with the modern desire for flexible yet enduring styles, offering a balance between creativity and practicality.
Luvimer 100 P enables hairstylists to push the boundaries of artistic expression, transforming hair into a canvas for their creative visions.

Consumers seeking bold, vibrant hair colors can rely on Luvimer 100 P to maintain the vibrancy and structure of their dyed hair.
In the realm of pet fashion, Luvimer 100 P assists groomers in creating themed or playful fur styles that reflect pet personalities.
Hairstyling products containing Luvimer 100 P exemplify the synergy of scientific innovation and artistic flair in the beauty industry.
Luvimer 100 P's presence in the pet care sector showcases the extension of grooming beyond functionality, embracing style and flair.
Luvimer 100 P is valued for its ability to create hairstyles that transition seamlessly from day to night, without losing hold or form.

Luvimer 100 P's compatibility with different formulations empowers manufacturers to create a diverse range of hair care solutions.
Its use in pet grooming fosters creativity, allowing pet owners to experiment with playful fur styles and themes.
Luvimer 100 P stands as a testament to the evolving landscape of hairstyling, where chemistry meets aesthetics to enable hair transformations that inspire confidence and creativity.



DESCRIPTION


Luvimer 100 P is a specialized styling agent tailored for use in a variety of hair care products.
As a crucial component in hair styling formulations, Luvimer 100 P imparts essential hold and structure to various hairstyles.
Luvimer 100 P is particularly popular in aerosol hairsprays, pump sprays, lotions, and hair mousses.
Its versatile composition combines t-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid monomers to achieve desired styling effects.
Luvimer 100 P exists as a fine white powder, ready to be incorporated into hair care formulations.

One of its key attributes is its film-forming ability, creating a durable layer that helps set and maintain hairstyles.
The inclusion of anionic properties in its neutralized form enhances its film-forming capabilities for hair setting products.

Luvimer 100 P's unique composition facilitates compatibility with other ingredients and additives in various styling formulations.
In the realm of hair care, it caters not only to human hair but also extends its application to pet care products.
Luvimer 100 P aids in achieving a range of hairstyles, from subtle volume to intricate textures.
Its t-butyl acrylate component contributes to the adhesive properties, ensuring styles remain intact.

to maintain hairstyle integrity even in humid conditions.
Luvimer 100 P enables hair care product manufacturers to create formulations tailored to specific styling needs.
Whether for casual day-to-day styles or elaborate updos, this chemical supports a wide range of looks.
Its adoption in pet care industry products helps groomers achieve creative and well-maintained pet fur styles.

Luvimer 100 P's properties are carefully balanced to provide effective styling without causing stiffness or discomfort.
As a versatile hair setting resin, it exemplifies the fusion of chemistry and hairstyling artistry.
Hair care professionals and enthusiasts rely on Luvimer 100 P to enhance the art of hairstyling and create stunning looks with confidence.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, immediately move the affected person to an area with fresh air.
Allow the person to rest in a comfortable position and keep them warm.
If breathing difficulties persist or if the person is experiencing severe symptoms, seek medical attention promptly.
If breathing stops or is compromised, administer artificial respiration and seek medical help immediately.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact, immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected area gently with plenty of water and mild soap for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation, redness, or discomfort occurs, seek medical attention.
If a large area of skin is affected or symptoms worsen, seek medical help promptly.


Eye Contact:

In the event of eye contact, immediately rinse the eyes with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if applicable, during the rinsing process.
Seek immediate medical attention, even if irritation appears to be mild.


Ingestion:

If ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water and drink plenty of water if the person is conscious.
Seek immediate medical attention and provide medical personnel with accurate information about the ingested substance.


General First Aid Guidelines:

Always prioritize safety and well-being.
While providing first aid measures, it is crucial to follow established safety practices.
If there is any doubt or concern about an individual's health or well-being, seek medical help.
Do not delay seeking medical attention if you suspect the exposure has resulted in serious symptoms or complications.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles, protective clothing, and respiratory protection if handling in an area with inadequate ventilation.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area, or use local exhaust ventilation to minimize inhalation exposure to dust or vapors.

Avoid Contact:
Prevent skin contact by wearing suitable protective clothing that covers exposed skin.
In case of accidental contact, remove contaminated clothing immediately and wash the affected area with soap and water.

Inhalation Prevention:
Avoid breathing in dust or vapors.
If airborne exposure is likely, wear a suitable respiratory mask or use supplied air respiratory protection.

No Eating or Drinking:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Luvimer 100 P or in areas where it is present.

Contaminated Equipment:
Clean any equipment, tools, or surfaces that come into contact with Luvimer 100 P thoroughly before reuse.

Work Practices:
Implement good hygiene practices, such as regular hand washing, to minimize the risk of accidental ingestion.


Storage:

Cool, Dry Area:
Store Luvimer 100 P in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, sources of heat, ignition, and incompatible materials.

Original Containers:
Keep the substance in its original tightly closed container to prevent moisture absorption and exposure to air.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the appropriate hazard warnings and safety precautions.
Include the product name, manufacturer's details, and any relevant hazard symbols.

Segregation:
Store Luvimer 100 P away from incompatible substances, including strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, and bases.

Fire Prevention:
Keep away from open flames, sparks, and sources of ignition.
Store away from flammable materials.

Grounding:
If the substance is transferred, ensure proper grounding to prevent static electricity buildup, which could lead to ignition.

Storage Temperature:
Maintain storage temperatures within the recommended range to prevent degradation or alteration of the substance's properties.

Secondary Containment:
Consider using secondary containment measures to prevent leaks or spills from spreading.

Regulatory Compliance:
Adhere to local, national, and international regulations and guidelines for the storage of hazardous chemicals.

LUVIQUAT 9030 = VINYLAMINE/VINYLFORMAMIDE COPOLYMER


Chemical Name: Vinylamine/Vinylformamide Copolymer
Classification: Synthetic polymer


Luviquat 9030 is a copolymer of vinylamine and vinylformamide monomers.
Luviquat 9030 is colorless to slightly yellowish liquid.
Luviquat 9030 is a conditioning and anti-static agent.
Luviquat 9030 provides protective, wet combability improving properties and substantivity.


Luviquat 9030 is a quaternized copolymer for hair and skin care.
Luviquat 9030 is an aqueous solution of cationic polymers of different charge density and different degrees of setting and conditioning.
Luviquat 9030 is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid, with a slight characteristic odor.
Luviquat 9030 has a weight composition of 5% VP, a solids content of 38-42, and a charge density of 6.1 meq/g at pH 7.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LUVIQUAT 9030:
Luviquat 9030 is used styling agent suitable for hair care products, especially mousses.
Luviquat 9030 is used for Shampoo and Hairconditioner.
Luviquat 9030 is used in hair styling products such as mousse, lotion, hair & skin conditioning like conditioning rinse, hair treatment, shampoo, shower products, body lotions and shaving preparations.


-Cosmetic Uses of Luviquat 9030:
*hair conditioning
*hair fixing agents



FUNCTIONS OF LUVIQUAT 9030:
-HAIR CONDITIONER:
*Improves the appearance and feel of hair. Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or imparts volume, lightness, shine, texture, etc.
*Leaves hair easy to comb, supple, soft and shiny and/or gives volume, lightness and shine
-HAIR FIXATION:
*Allows physical control of the hairstyle.
*Allows to control the style of the hair



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LUVIQUAT 9030:
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No



FIRST AID MEASURES of LUVIQUAT 9030:
-Description of necessary first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary:
no data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LUVIQUAT 9030:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LUVIQUAT 9030:
-Specific hazards arising from the chemical:
no data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LUVIQUAT 9030:
-Control parameters:
Occupational Exposure limit values: no data available
-Biological limit values:
no data available
-Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE):
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields.
*Skin protection:
Wear impervious clothing.
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Wash and dry hands.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LUVIQUAT 9030:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LUVIQUAT 9030:
-Reactivity: no data available
-Chemical stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions: no data available
-Conditions to avoid: no data available
-Incompatible materials: no data available
-Hazardous decomposition products: no data available

Luviquat FC 370 is a quaternized copolymer for hair and skin care.
Luviquat FC 370 is an aqueous solution of cationic polymers of different charge density and different degrees of setting and conditioning.
Luviquat FC 370 is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid, with a slight characteristic odor.

CAS: 95144-24-4
MF: C12H18ClN3O
MW: 255.75

Luviquat FC 370 has a weight composition of 70% VP, a solids content of 38-42, and a charge density of 2.0 meq/g at pH 7.
This product is ideally used in mouse, spray, hair and skin conditioner and shampoo, body lotion, and shaving preparations.
Luviquat FC 370 is a substantive cationic compound for use as a conditioner and styling product in hair and skin care preparations.
Luviquat FC 370 is also known as polyquaternium-16.
Luviquat FC 370 is a cationic copolymer of methylvinylimidazolium chloride and vinylpyrrolidone.

Luviquat FC 370 Chemical Properties
Density: 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.421
PH: 5.0-8.0 (10% in H2O, active ingredients)
EPA Substance Registry System: Luviquat FC 370 (95144-24-4)

Uses
Luviquat FC 370 may be used in cosmetics, stabilizers, lubricants, coatings, bactericides, hair care and skin care products.
LUVIQUAT FC 370 by BASF is a conditioning agent and setting polymer.
LUVIQUAT FC 370 is used in conditioners, styling products, body lotions and styling formulations.

Synonyms
D16
LuviquatFC550
Luviquat?HM552
luviquat¨fc905
Luviquat?FC370
Luviquat FC 550
LuviquatTMFC370
LuviquatTMFC905
PolyquaterniumD16
Polyquaternium-16
LUVIQUAT (R) FC 550
LuviquatTM FC 370
LuviquatTM HM 552
LuviquatTM FC 905
1-ethenyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium
Polyquaternium D10, Poly[(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium chloride)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)]
Polyquaternium D16, Poly[(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazolium chloride)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)]
95144-24-4
Luviquat FC 550
LuviquatFC 550
UNII-1KX12A42IJ
UNII-F0W09UU9M3
SCHEMBL193281
1KX12A42IJ
F0W09UU9M3
SCHEMBL12983284
1-ethenyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;chloride

Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) is also known as polyquaternium-16.
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16)is a cationic copolymer of methylvinylimidazolium chloride and vinylpyrrolidone.
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) may be used in cosmetics, stabilizers, lubricants, coatings, bactericides, hair care and skin care products.

CAS: 95144-24-4
MF: C12H18ClN3O
MW: 255.75

Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) Chemical Properties
Density: 1.12 g/mL at 20 °C
Refractive index: n20/D 1.421
PH: 5.0-8.0 (10% in H2O, active ingredients)
EPA Substance Registry System: Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) (95144-24-4)

Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) is a multifunctional polymer and it is used in cosmetic formulations.
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) acts as an antistatic (reduces static charges by neutralizing the electrical charge on the hair surface)and as hair conditioner and combability aid (reduces or prevents the confusion of the hair due to changes or damage to the hair surface and thus improves the combability).
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) is because the molecules of the Polyquaternium-16 are positively charged.
They attach themselves to the (negatively charged) hair shaft and form a coherent film (film former) on the hair surface.
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) makes the hair appear smoother and easier to comb.

Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) is a quaternized copolymer for hair and skin care.
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) is an aqueous solution of cationic polymers of different charge density and different degrees of setting and conditioning.
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid, with a slight characteristic odor.
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) has a weight composition of 5% VP, a solids content of 38-42, and a charge density of 6.1 meq/g at pH 7.
Luviquat FC 370 (Polyquaternium 16) is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed frommethylvinylimidazolium chloride and vinylpyrrolidone.

Synonyms
95144-24-4
Luviquat FC 550
LuviquatFC 550
UNII-1KX12A42IJ
UNII-F0W09UU9M3
SCHEMBL193281
1KX12A42IJ
F0W09UU9M3
SCHEMBL12983284
1-ethenyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one;chloride

DESCRIPTION:
Luviquat PQ 11 can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.
Luviquat PQ 11 has a solids content of 19.0% min. - 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.
Luviquat PQ 11 is a conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.

CAS No. : 53633-54-8
Formula : C18H34N2O7S
Molecular Weight. : 422.537



Luviquat PQ 11 acts as a setting polymer and conditioning agent.
Luviquat PQ 11 is a substantive cationic copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and quaternized vinylimidazole (QVI).
Luviquat PQ 11 finds application in formulating conditioners, shampoos, shower & bath products and hair styling aids (perms, bleaches & colorants).


LUVIQUAT PQ 11 is a conditioner and styling auxiliary.
LUVIQUAT PQ 11 possesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties.
LUVIQUAT PQ 11 offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel.

LUVIQUAT PQ 11 is suitable for hair care products like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos and in skin care products like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.
Luviquat PQ 11 is a quaternized copolymer for hair and skin care.
Luviquat PQ 11 is Conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.


APPLICATIONS OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11:
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in Hair care
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in Shampoo and Conditioner
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in Styling product

Luviquat PQ 11 is used in Bath and Body
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in Pet Care
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in Pet Care TSCA
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in Pet Care DSL



USES OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11:
Luviquat PQ 11 quaternary compound is a 20% solution of polyquaternium-11 in water.
Luviquat PQ 11 is preserved with 0.5 % of Phenonip [Phenoxyethanol (and) Methylparaben (and) Butylparaben (and) Ethylparaben (and) Propylparaben

The Luviquat products are aqueous solutions of cationic polymers with different charge densities.
The cationic Luviquat polymers have an affinity to keratin and are used as conditioners and styling agents in hair and skin care products.


Luviquat PQ 11 is Used in hair care like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos, in skin care like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.
Luviquat PQ 11 Acts as a conditioner and styling auxiliary.
Luviquat PQ 11 Possesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties.
Luviquat PQ 11 Offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel




FUNCTIONS OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11:
Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, and contact lens solutions.
Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin.







CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11:
INCI Name: Polyquaternium-11
Function: Hair Fixative,Conditioner
Labeling Claims: Microplastics-free, Nanomaterials-free, Not Tested on Animals, Clean at Sephora, Antioxidants-free, Not Listed In California Proposition 65, Ulta Beauty's Conscious Beauty, Solvent-free, Radioactive-free
Certifications & Compliance: REACH (Europe), EU Cosmetic Regulation 1223/2009 Compliant, EC No.1907/2006, ISO 9001
Benefit Claims: Conditioning, Quick Setting, Substantivity, Ease of Styling, Hair Conditioning
Synonyms: N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate-Vinylpyrrolidone Copolymer Diethyl Sulfate Salt, Poly(N-Vinylpyrrolidone 2-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate) Diethyl Sulfate
Appearance: Clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquids
properties Odour: Weak, characteristic
Solubility: Miscible with water and ethanol
Molecular weight: 0.8
Charge density: 1,000,000
INCI : Polyquaternium-11
Application(s) : Capillaire
Fonction(s) : Styling
Fixant


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT LUVIQUAT PQ 11:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Luviquat PQ 11 is a quaternized copolymer based on vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA).
Luviquat PQ 11 is commonly used in the cosmetics and personal care industry as a conditioning agent and film-forming polymer in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and hair treatments.

CAS Number: 53633-54-8
EC Number: 611-022-0

Synonyms: Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, Polyquaternium-11, VP/Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate Copolymer, Poly(vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate polymer, VP/DMAEMA copolymer, Luviquat PQ11, Polyquaternium 11, PVP/DMAEMA copolymer, Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate crosspolymer, VP/DMAEMA polymer, Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate graft copolymer, Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), VP/DMAEMA copolymer, Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, VP/DMAEMA copolymer, Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, VP/DMAEMA copolymer, Polyquaternium-11, Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, Vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer, VP/DMAEMA copolymer, Polyquaternium-11



APPLICATIONS


Luviquat PQ 11 is widely used in shampoos to provide conditioning benefits to the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 is added to conditioner formulations to improve detangling and manageability.

Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the performance of hair masks and treatments by imparting softness and smoothness.
Luviquat PQ 11 is utilized in leave-in conditioners to provide long-lasting hydration and frizz control.

Luviquat PQ 11 is incorporated into hair serums to add shine and protect against environmental damage.
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in styling gels and mousses to provide hold and control while maintaining flexibility.

Luviquat PQ 11 helps to define curls and reduce frizz in curl-enhancing products.
Luviquat PQ 11 is added to hair sprays to enhance hold and provide anti-static properties.

Luviquat PQ 11 improves the spreadability and application of hair oils and treatments.
This copolymer is used in heat protectant sprays to shield hair from damage caused by styling tools.
Luviquat PQ 11 is incorporated into hair color formulations to improve color retention and vibrancy.

Luviquat PQ 11 helps to minimize color fading and maintain the integrity of dyed or bleached hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in hair relaxers and straightening treatments to improve manageability and reduce damage.
Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the performance of hair volumizing products by adding body and fullness.
Luviquat PQ 11 is added to dry shampoo formulations to absorb excess oil and refresh the hair between washes.

Luviquat PQ 11 is utilized in pre-shampoo treatments to condition and protect the hair before cleansing.
Luviquat PQ 11 is incorporated into hair masks and deep conditioning treatments for intensive repair and hydration.

Luviquat PQ 11 is used in anti-frizz serums and creams to smooth and control unruly hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 is added to leave-on hair treatments to provide ongoing protection and nourishment.

Luviquat PQ 11 is used in hair styling waxes and pomades to provide texture and definition.
Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the performance of hair texturizing sprays and sea salt sprays by adding hold and volume.

Luviquat PQ 11 is utilized in hair repair treatments to strengthen and fortify damaged hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 is added to hair growth serums and treatments to improve scalp health and stimulate hair growth.

Luviquat PQ 11 is incorporated into hair primers to create a smooth and even surface for styling.
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in multi-benefit hair care products to provide a range of conditioning benefits in one formulation.

Luviquat PQ 11 is commonly used in hair masks to deeply nourish and repair damaged hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 is added to split end treatments to seal and protect the hair cuticle, reducing breakage.
Luviquat PQ 11 is utilized in scalp treatments to soothe irritation and promote a healthy scalp environment.

Luviquat PQ 11 is incorporated into hair glosses and shine sprays to add a glossy finish and enhance luster.
Luviquat PQ 11 is used in styling creams and lotions to provide soft hold and definition without weighing down the hair.

Luviquat PQ 11 helps to improve the longevity of hairstyles by providing long-lasting hold and control.
Luviquat PQ 11 is added to hair thickening products to create the appearance of fuller, thicker hair.

Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the performance of leave-in hair treatments by locking in moisture and protecting against environmental damage.
Luviquat PQ 11 is utilized in hair texturizing pastes and clays to create tousled, textured styles.

Luviquat PQ 11 is added to hair primers to smooth the hair cuticle and enhance the effectiveness of styling products.
Luviquat PQ 11 improves the efficacy of hair repair masks by delivering conditioning ingredients deep into the hair shaft.

Luviquat PQ 11 is used in overnight hair treatments to provide intensive hydration and repair while sleeping.
Luviquat PQ 11 is incorporated into anti-aging hair care products to minimize the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles in the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 helps to reduce static and flyaways in hair sprays and finishing sprays for a smooth, polished look.

Luviquat PQ 11 is utilized in dry hair treatments to revive and refresh hair between washes.
Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the performance of leave-in hair conditioners by detangling and smoothing the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 is added to frizz-fighting serums and creams to create a sleek, frizz-free finish.

Luviquat PQ 11 helps to protect the hair from UV damage and environmental stressors in sun protection hair care products.
Luviquat PQ 11 is incorporated into color-safe hair care products to preserve the vibrancy and integrity of colored hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 improves the elasticity and resilience of the hair in elasticity-enhancing treatments.

Luviquat PQ 11 is utilized in clarifying shampoos to remove product buildup and impurities from the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the performance of hair growth treatments by promoting a healthy scalp environment.

Luviquat PQ 11 is added to heat styling products to provide heat protection and prevent damage from styling tools.
Luviquat PQ 11 helps to control oil production and reduce greasiness in oil-controlling hair care products.
Luviquat PQ 11 is incorporated into hair fragrance mists to add a subtle scent and leave the hair smelling fresh and clean.



DESCRIPTION


Luviquat PQ 11 is a quaternized copolymer based on vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA).
Luviquat PQ 11 is commonly used in the cosmetics and personal care industry as a conditioning agent and film-forming polymer in hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, hair styling products, and hair treatments.
Luviquat PQ 11 helps to improve the manageability, smoothness, and overall appearance of hair by providing conditioning benefits, enhancing combability, and reducing static charge. Additionally, Luviquat PQ 11 can contribute to the formation of a protective film on the hair surface, which helps to minimize damage from heat styling and environmental stressors.

Luviquat PQ 11 is a versatile copolymer used in hair care formulations.
Luviquat PQ 11 is derived from vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.

Luviquat PQ 11 appears as a clear or slightly cloudy liquid.
Luviquat PQ 11 has a mild odor and is soluble in water.

Luviquat PQ 11 is known for its excellent conditioning properties.
Luviquat PQ 11 forms a thin film on the hair shaft, providing smoothness and shine.

Luviquat PQ 11 helps to reduce static electricity and frizz in hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the manageability of hair, making it easier to comb and style.

Luviquat PQ 11 improves the overall appearance of hair by imparting a soft and silky texture.
Luviquat PQ 11 is commonly used in shampoos, conditioners, hair serums, and styling products.
Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the efficacy of hair care formulations by promoting even distribution of active ingredients.
This copolymer has moisturizing properties, helping to maintain hair hydration.

Luviquat PQ 11 is compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients.
Luviquat PQ 11 provides long-lasting effects, keeping hair soft and manageable throughout the day.

Luviquat PQ 11 helps to protect hair from environmental damage and heat styling.
Luviquat PQ 11 is suitable for use in both leave-on and rinse-off hair care products.
Luviquat PQ 11 is gentle on the scalp and suitable for all hair types, including chemically treated hair.

Luviquat PQ 11 contributes to the overall sensory experience of hair care products, providing a luxurious feel.
Luviquat PQ 11 improves the elasticity and strength of hair, reducing breakage and split ends.

Luviquat PQ 11 enhances the vibrancy and color retention of dyed or bleached hair.
This copolymer has been extensively tested for safety and efficacy in hair care applications.

Luviquat PQ 11 is commonly used by formulators to create high-performance hair care products.
Luviquat PQ 11 adds volume and body to hair, giving it a fuller and more youthful appearance.

Luviquat PQ 11 is pH-stable and does not interfere with the formulation's pH.
Luviquat PQ 11 is a key ingredient in achieving salon-quality results in hair care formulations.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: Clear or slightly cloudy liquid
Color: Colorless to pale yellow
Odor: Mild
Solubility: Soluble in water
pH: Typically around neutral (pH 6-8)
Density: Variable depending on concentration and temperature
Viscosity: Variable depending on concentration and temperature
Boiling Point: Not applicable (decomposition may occur at high temperatures)
Melting Point: Not applicable (remains in liquid state at room temperature)
Flash Point: Not applicable (not flammable)
Vapor Pressure: Low (not volatile)
Surface Tension: Variable depending on concentration and temperature
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions
Miscibility: Miscible with water and many organic solvents
Hygroscopicity: Low (not prone to absorbing moisture from the air)
Specific Gravity: Variable depending on concentration and temperature
Refractive Index: Variable depending on concentration and temperature


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: Variable depending on polymerization ratio
Chemical Structure: Quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
Molecular Weight: Variable depending on polymerization ratio and degree of quaternization
Functional Groups: Quaternary ammonium, pyrrolidone, methacrylate
Polymerization: Copolymerization of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
Crosslinking: Possible depending on formulation and processing conditions
Reactivity: Reacts with certain reactive chemicals and functional groups
pH Stability: Stable within a wide pH range (typically pH 2-10)
Thermal Stability: Stable at normal processing temperatures



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention promptly.
Keep the affected person calm and reassured.
Monitor breathing and provide artificial respiration if necessary.
Seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash the affected skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical attention.
If irritation persists, seek medical advice from a healthcare professional.
Wash contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with lukewarm water or saline solution immediately, holding the eyelids open.
Continue flushing the eyes for at least 15 minutes, ensuring that the entire eye surface is rinsed.
Seek immediate medical attention from an eye care professional.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do so after flushing the eyes.
Do not rub the eyes, as this may exacerbate irritation or injury.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water and spit out the rinse water.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Provide medical personnel with information about the ingested substance and its container if available.


General First Aid:

In all cases, provide supportive care as necessary based on the individual's symptoms and condition.
Keep the affected person warm and comfortable.
Monitor vital signs such as pulse, breathing, and blood pressure.
Do not administer any medications unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
If medical attention is required, provide transportation to the nearest medical facility.
Follow any additional instructions provided by medical professionals or poison control authorities.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety glasses, gloves, and protective clothing, when handling Luviquat PQ 11.
Avoid direct contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
In case of contact, follow the first aid measures outlined in the safety data sheet (SDS).
Use in a well-ventilated area to minimize inhalation exposure.
If ventilation is insufficient, use respiratory protection.
Avoid generating aerosols or dusts when handling Luviquat PQ 11 to prevent inhalation exposure.
Handle with care to prevent spills and leaks. Use spill containment measures such as absorbent materials and spill kits.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Luviquat PQ 11.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Follow good industrial hygiene practices and workplace safety procedures when handling this product.


Storage:

Store Luviquat PQ 11 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination and moisture ingress.
Store away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.
Keep containers upright and secure to prevent tipping or leakage.
Use appropriate secondary containment measures if necessary.
Do not store near food, beverages, or animal feed to prevent accidental contamination.
Store Luviquat PQ 11 away from children, pets, and unauthorized personnel.
Follow all local regulations and guidelines for the storage of chemicals, including any specific requirements for quaternary ammonium compounds.
Check containers regularly for signs of damage or deterioration and replace as needed.
Keep storage areas clean and free from clutter to minimize the risk of accidents and spills.
Ensure that storage facilities are equipped with appropriate fire detection and suppression systems in case of fire or other emergencies.
Follow manufacturer recommendations and guidelines for the safe storage of Luviquat PQ 11, as specified on the product label and safety data sheet.

Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a conditioning and anti-static agent.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternary copolymer, used for hair styling products, and as a skin and hair conditioner.


CAS Number: 53633-54-8
EC Number: 611-022-0
MDL Number: MFCD00284283
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate
Molecular Formula: C18H34N2O7S / (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H10O4S



2-methylacrylic acid 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester, Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate), Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, MFCD00134019, yl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate, vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/ sulfate, Luviquat PQ 11 PN,
Polyquaternium D 11, Gafquat 755N, Polyquaternium 11, Uniquat 755N, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Ply(n-vinylpyrrolidone2 dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate)dimethylsulfate, Quaternized copolymer of VP/DMAEMA(PQ-11), PQ-22, HTH-4PQ-11, PQ 11 PN (1), poly quart 11, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, PolyquaterniuM 11 (PQ11), Polyquaternary ammonium salt -11,
2-methylacrylic acid 2-dimethylaminoethyl ester, Poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate),Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, MFCD00134019, yl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate, vinylpyrrolidone/ dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/ sulfate, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium D 11, 2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester,polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd. with diethyl sulfate, 2-Pyrrolidinone,1-ethenyl-,polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate,compd. with diethyl sulfate, Sulfuric acid,diethyl ester,compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, Gafquat 734, Gafquat 755, Quaternium 23, Polyquaternium 11, Celquat 200, Polyquat 11, Luviquat PQ 11, Copolymer 755, HC Polymer 2L, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt, Gafquat 755N-P, Gafquat 440, HC Polymer 1N, HC Polymer 5, Luviquat PQ 11PN, PQ 11PN, Gafquat 755N-PP, HC 1NS, Gafquat 755N-PW, Gafquat 755N, HC Polymer 1S, HC Polymer 3A, HC Polymer 1S(M), Dehyquart CC 11, Flocare C 111, HC Polymer 1NS, PQ 11, Viviprint 650, PDM Polymer, HC Polymer 1N(M), Polyquaternium D11, Luviquat PQ 11AT1, Gafquat 755N-O, HC Polymer GMR, 37348-62-2, 37348-63-3, 440634-64-0, 676999-73-8, 916899-67-7, 1254335-41-5, diethyl sulfate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulphate, diethyl sulfate, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 1-ethenylpyrrolidin-2-one, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate, UNII-0B44BS5IJS, Quaternium-23, 0B44BS5IJS, SCHEMBL444003, CS-0453451, Dehyquart CC 11, Flocare C 111, Gafquat 440, Gafquat 734, Gafquat 755, Gafquat 755N, Gafquat 755N-P, Gafquat 755N-PP, Gafquat 755N-PW, HC 1NS, HC Polymer 1N, HC Polymer 1NS, HC Polymer 1S, HC Polymer 1S(M), HC Polymer 2L, HC Polymer 3A, HC Polymer 5, Luviquat PQ 11, Luviquat PQ 11PN, PQ-22, HTH-4PQ-11, PQ 11 PN (1), poly quart 11, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, PolyquaterniuM 11 (PQ11), polyquaternium-11, PQ 11, PQ 11PN, Polyquat 11, Polyquaternium 11, Quaternium 23, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate compound with diethyl sulfate and 1-vinylpyrrolidin-2-one (1:1:1), 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl esterpolymer with1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate, 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl2-methyl-2-propenoate, compd. with diethyl sulfateSulfuric acid, diethyl ester, compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl2-meth, 2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-yrrolidinone, compd.withdiethylsulfate, 2-Propenol acid, 2-methyl-2-(dimethlamino) ethyl ester, polymer and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compound with diethyl sulfate, 2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate, compound with diethyl sulfate, Poly[(2-ethyldimethylammonioethyl methacrylate ethyl sulfate)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)] average Mw <1,000,000 by GPC, 20 wt. % in H2O, 2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethylester,polymerwith1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate, poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate), quaternizedsolution, yl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd.withdiethylsulfate, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt, N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE/DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE COPOLYMER, QUATERNIZED, POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDONE-CO-2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE), QUATERNIZED, poly(n-vinylpyrrolidone 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) diethyl sulfate, POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE/2-DIMETHYLAMINOETHYL METHACRYLATE), DIMETHYL SULFATE QUATERNARY, Polyquaternium-11, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-2-(dimethylamino) ethyl ester, polymer and 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, compd. with diethyl sulfate Quaternium-23, Vinylpyrrolidonedimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymerdiethyl sulfate reaction product, 2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,2-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester,polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone,compd. with diethyl sulfate, 2-Pyrrolidinone,1-ethenyl-,polymer with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate,compd. with diethyl sulfate, Sulfuric acid,diethyl ester,compd. with 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone Polymer With 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-Methyl-2-propenoate Compound With Diethyl Sulfate, Sulfuric Acid Diethyl Ester Compound With 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl 2-Methyl-2-propenoate Polymer With 1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, Celquat 200, Copolymer 755, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl Methacrylate-vinylpyrrolidone Copolymer Diethyl Sulfate Salt, Gafquat 734, Gafquat 755, Quaternium 23, Polyquaternium 11, Celquat 200, Polyquat 11, Luviquat PQ 11, Copolymer 755, HC Polymer 2L, N,N-Dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate vinylpyrrolidone copolymer diethyl sulfate salt, Gafquat 755N-P, Gafquat 440, HC Polymer 1N, HC Polymer 5, Luviquat PQ 11PN, PQ 11PN, Gafquat 755N-PP, HC 1NS, Gafquat 755N-PW, Gafquat 755N, HC Polymer 1S, HC Polymer 3, HC Polymer 1S(M), Dehyquart CC 11, Flocare C 111, HC Polymer 1NS, PQ 11, Viviprint 650, PDM Polymer, HC Polymer 1N(M), Polyquaternium D11, Luviquat PQ 11AT1, Gafquat 755N-O, HC Polymer GMR, 37348-62-2, 37348-63-3, 440634-64-0, 676999-73-8, 916899-67-7, 1254335-41-5, PQ-22, HTH-4PQ-11, PQ 11 PN (1), poly quart 11, Luviquat PQ 11 PN, Polyquaternium-11, Polyquaternium D 11, LuviquatTM PQ 11 PN, PolyquaterniuM 11 (PQ11), Polyquaternary ammonium salt -11



Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1, with the chemical formula (C10H24N2O)n and CAS registry number 53633-54-8, is a compound known for its applications in the personal care industry.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternary ammonium compound that provides mild conditioning when rinsing and styling hair, protecting the hair by forming a flexible film on the surface of the hair.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides shine, detangling and de-frizzing benefits to hair conditioners and shampoos by coating the hair in a clear film that adds visible and sensorial volume
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a conditioning and anti-static agent.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 offers protective & wet combability improving properties and substantivity.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is readily dissolved in water and thus it is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.


When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 before surfactants for ease of dispersal.
When formulating in hot process applications, add to the water phase and disperse.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is resilient to heat.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is best known for its conditioning properties.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is compatible with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can form clear, non-tacky, continuous films.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides conditioning and styling effects, with minimum build-up for hair substantively.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 improves wet and dry combability, gloss, smoothness and manageability for hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 acts as a film forming and form fixing agent.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternary copolymer, used for hair styling products, and as a skin and hair conditioner.
Especially recommended of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 for use in hair styling products such as Hair Mousses & lotions
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour. Supplied as 20% active in water
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a unique cationic polymer with a very high film-forming power and excellent substantivity to hair and skin.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is ideally suited to improved both conditioning and hold in hair care products and to improve conditioning and skin-feel in skin care and cleansing products.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternized copolymer that can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has a solids content of 19.0% min. – 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a hazy highly viscous liquid.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can form a clear, uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film is basically not sticky.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is in the chemical class known as quaternary ammonium compounds (generally referred to as a "Quat").
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a high viscous aqueous solution, Miscible with water and ethanol, Slightly characteristic odor.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is found to suppress melanin elution in shampoo thus may prevent hair from dulling after repeated shampoo use.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has cationic properties.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a setting polymer and conditioning agent.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1’s high molecular weight and their specific composition provide a good setting effect.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is the polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed by the reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of vinyl pyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a polymeric quaternary ammonium salt formed by reaction of diethyl sulfate and a copolymer of diethyl sulfate and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternized copolymer that can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has a solids content of 19.0% min. – 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid with characteristic odour.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides shine,detangling and de-frizzing benefits to hair conditioners and shampoos by coating the hair in a clear film that adds visible and sensorial volume.


Especially recommended of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 for styling products, e.g. hair mousses and lotions.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1’s high molecular weight and their specific composition provide a good setting effect.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a conditioner and styling auxiliary.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 possesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a cloud, straw-colored film former and anti-static agent.It acts as a conditioning agent and film-former,styling auxiliary.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternary ammonium compound that forms flexible films with mild conditioning benefits in rinse off and styling applications.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 acts as a setting polymer and conditioning agent.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a substantive cationic copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and quaternized vinylimidazole (QVI).


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 finds application in formulating conditioners, shampoos, shower and bath products, and hair styling aids (perms, bleaches, and colorants).
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has a solids content of 19.0% min. - 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used in hair styling products such as mousse, lotion, conditioning rinse, hair treatment products, shampoo and shower products, skin care products like body lotion & shaving preparations.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used Shampoo, oil conditioner, hair styling, shaving foam, etc.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used in hair styling agents, hair conditioners and skin care applications.
Applications of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1: Conditioning, Shower/Bath Products, and Styling.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 which functions as a surfactant, conditioner, and cationic surfactant, claims to be self-emulsifying and effective in hair conditioning.


In the personal care market, focusing on beauty and care, especially hair care, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is suited for creams and rinse-off products, catering to applications like hair conditioner and hair treatment and repair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.


Excellent for use with blow drying and straighteners where Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can provide thermal protection for the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used in hair care like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos, in skin care like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 acts as a conditioner and styling auxiliary. Possesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has a large molecular weight & its structural composition helps bring good styling results.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 acts as a conditioning agent and film-former.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 offers characteristics such as substantivity, shine and control.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used in hair care like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos, in skin care like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 acts as a conditioner and styling auxiliary. Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 pocesses spreading, electrostatic charging preventing and lubricating properties.


Because of its cationic properties, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used as a hair care agent to improve the combing and flexibility of hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can form a clear and uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film basically does not show stickiness.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has cationic characteristics.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is commonly used as a conditioning agent in hair care products, providing benefits such as improved manageability, enhanced shine, and reduced static.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is compatible with a wide range of hair types and can be found in shampoos, conditioners, styling products, and hair sprays.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used as an adjusting agent in long-acting curling fluid, shampoo and cleaning products.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used Film forming agent in hair styling products.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used as an additive to increase comfort in products such as moisturizer, body lotion and shaving lotion.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can form a clear and uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film is basically not sticky.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 works by forming a thin film on the hair, which helps to smooth the cuticle and reduce frizz.


Additionally, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has been found to have antimicrobial properties, making it useful in certain cosmetic formulations.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used Film-forming agent in styling products.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used conditioning agent in conditioning shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 makes the hair easier to comb.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is readily dissolved in water and thus it is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.
When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 before surfactants for ease of dispersal.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is designed for styling mousses sprays, and conditioners, and can also be used for hair conditioning/styling resins for aerosol sprays, pump sprays, mousses, setting lotions, hair gels, glazes, lotions, and shampoos.
Overall, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a versatile ingredient that contributes to the performance and aesthetics of hair care products.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has a solids content of 19.0% min. - 21.0% max., a color (Gardner, 23°C) of max. 3.0, and a pH value (10% in water) of 5.0-7.0.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used in mousse, hair sprays, shampoos, hair conditioners and hair dyes.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used in hair care like mousses, gels, pump sprays and spritzes.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 offers benefits including stabilized lather, substantivity, wet combability, soft, hold, smooth feel and silky skin feel.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 when used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel will enhance the foam levels.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 makes the hair easier to comb.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethyl aminoethylmethacrylate, acts as a fixative,film-forming and conditioning agent.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides excellent lubricity on wet hair and ease of combing and detangling on dry hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used as an additive to increase comfort in products such as moisturizers, body lotions and aftershaves.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used conditioning agent in conditioning shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides instant detangling while adding volume and body.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used film former in styling products, such as aerosol mousses, gels and glazes.
Spray on products (Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1) for conditioning and blow-drying.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used additive for improved skin feel in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, deodorants and antiperspirants, liquid and bar soaps.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides thermal/mechanical protection in styling products.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used cationic styling polymer with good hold / stiffness, fair HHCR, good hair conditioning benefits.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 makes the hair easier to comb.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 forms clear, non-tacky, continuous films and helps build body to hair while leaving it manageable.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 improves skin feel, provides smoothness during application and skin conditioning.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is suggested for use in mousses, gels, styling sprays , novelty stylers, leave-in conditioning lotions, body care, color cosmetics, and facial care applications.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used as a conditioning agent in shampoos and cream or clear rinse conditioners.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides instant detangling whilst adding volume and body to the hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 may want to use in combination with other stronger holding polymers for improved HHCR.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 forms transparent, non-sticky and continuous membrane.
Its cationic nature has an affinity to hair, so Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 possesses a very fine conditioning and firm effects.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 makes the hair more easily to be combed, lustrous, neat, flattening and also easily forms hair pattern.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has thickening effect and is compatible with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has no irritation to eyes and skin, with exceedingly low accumulation character.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 makes the hair easier to comb.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is excellent for use with blow drying and straighteners where it can provide thermal protection for the hair.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used in skincare products also for improved skin feel.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 when used in a foaming product such as a shampoo or shower gel will enhance the foam levels.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is widely used in personal care, home care, and industrial sectors.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used compatible with various surfactants and offers distinctive performance versatility.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used shampoos & conditioners, styling products, body washes, antiperspirants & deodorants, and household cleaning products.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used Cationic styling polymer with good hold / stiffness, fair HHCR, good hair conditioning benefits.
May want to use in combination with other stronger holding polymers for improved HHCR.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 also can be used to improve the skin feeling in skin care products.


When formulating in hot process applications, add Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 to the water phase and disperse.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is resilient to heat.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used Conditioning, Shower/Bath Products, and Styling.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 acts as a setting polymer and conditioning agent.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a substantive cationic copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and quaternized vinylimidazole (QVI).
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 finds application in formulating conditioners, shampoos, shower & bath products and hair styling aids (perms, bleaches & colorants).


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used in conditioners, styling products, body lotions and shower/bath formulations.
Applications of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1: Hair care, Shampoo and Conditioner, Styling product, Bath and Body, Pet Care, Pet Care TSCA, and Pet Care DSL.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is excellent combined with carbomer to produce smooth and easily applied gels.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also be used with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used as a long-acting curl fluid, setting agent in shampoos and cleaning products.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used ilm-forming substance in hair styling products.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used Body Care, Face Care, Hair Care, Hair Cleansing, Hair Conditioning, Hair Styling, Hair Treatment, Hand & Nail Care, Shaving, Skin Care.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is used Hair Care, Hair Cleansing, Hair Conditioning, Hair Styling, Hair Treatment, Skin Care
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can form a transparent and homogeneous liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film does not show stickiness.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has cationic properties.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also be used in combination with anions and amphoteric surfactants.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used as a conditioner in shampoo, hair cream, etc., to rapidly improve the flexibility of hair.


Because of its film-forming property, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also be used as a styling agent in hair gel and mousse to improve the brightness and combability of hair.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is suitable for hair care products like lotions, mousses, gels, sprays, shampoos and in skin care products like soaps, shaving foam and body lotion.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used in hair styling products, hair and skin conditioning, and skin care.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can form a clear and uniform liquid film on the surface of the object, and the film does not show stickiness.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is particularly effective in hair styling products, including spray on conditioners and detanglers.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has cationic properties.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also be used in combination with anionic and amphoteric surfactants.


Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also be used in shaving cream, bath liquid, bath milk, antiperspirant and solid soap and other skin care products, greatly improving the comfort of skin when contacting with such products.
The addition of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can also improve the thermal stability and shear resistance of the product.


-Hair care uses of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can form transparent, non-sticky and flexible continuous film; it has affinity to hair, provides conditioning and firm effect, and accumulates very little, which makes hair easier to comb, shiny, smooth and easy to make hairstyle.
When used in a shampoos, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 enhances the foam levels


-Skin care uses of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be used in skincare products for improved skin feel.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 works well in shaving products, skin creams and lotions, liquid soap and bars of soap.

When used in a foaming product such as a shower gel, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 will enhance the foam levels.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is compatible with with non-ionic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants and rheology modifiers.
When combined with carbomer, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 forms smooth and easily applied gels.

Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can enhance the stability of surfactant, cream and lotion based formulations.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 also finds use in shaving creams



HOW TO USE LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is readily dissolved in water and thus it is easiest to dissolve into the water stage of formulation.
When used in surfactant based formulation we advise adding the Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 before surfactants for ease of dispersal.
When formulating in hot process applications, add to the water phase and disperse.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is resilient to heat.



ORIGIN OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is positively charged tetra-substituted nitrogen derivatives



FUNCTIONS OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
*Conditioning Polymer
*Hair Conditioner
*Setting Polymer
*Surfactant,
*Conditioner,
*Surfactant (Cationic)



FEATURES OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
*Conditioning agent for cosmetic applications, such as conditioners, styling products and body lotions.



GROUPS OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Product groups
*Conditioning Polymers
*Hair Conditioners
*Setting Polymers



HOW TO USE LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is supplied as a viscous liquid, though supplied in a jar for ease of use as the liquid is very thick.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 gently warming can help with the usability in formulation.



CHARACTER OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a cationic copolymer.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can form transparent, non-sticky and flexible continuous film.

Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 has an affinity for the hair, provides a softening and firming effect and accumulates very little, which makes it easier to comb the hair, making it shiny, smooth and shiny.

Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be compatible with anionic, non-ionic and amphoteric surfactants.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 does not irritate eyes and skin.



LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1, PRODUCTS TO USE IN:
*Hair Conditioner
*Shampoo
*Hair Styling Products
*Aftershave Balms
*Creams and Lotions
*Gels, especially those based upon Carbomer



SAFETY PROFILE OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is generally considered to be safe for topical use.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is mild, non-irritant and non-sensitizing to the skin, hence used in a wide range of cosmetic products.



ALTERNATIVES OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
*HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM HONEY,
*POLYQUATERNIUM6,
*POLYQUATERNIUM7,
*POLYQUATERNIUM10,
*HYDROXYPROPYL GUAR HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM CHLORIDE



LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1 - HIGH QUALITY PHARMACEUTICAL GRADE INGREDIENT FOR DIVERSE INDUSTRIES
Polyquaternium-11 (PQ-11) is a versatile material with usage across a multitude of industries owing to its unique properties.
This pharmaceutical grade product, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1, echoes superior performance and safety standards, ensuring a top-quality experience for the end users.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a clear to slightly turbid yellowish viscous liquid, with a mild characteristic odor.

This visual and olfactory description is an exact manifestation of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1's high-quality construction.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1's impressively compatible with a variety of surfactants, including nonionic, anionic, and amphoteric variants, enhancing its application range within the formulation of multiple products.

Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is an internationally appreciated product being widely distributed across regions including North America, Central/South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Australasia, Asia, Middle East, and Africa.
This is due to its reliable performance and superior quality standards.

One core feature of Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is its pharmaceutical grade quality.
This signals stringent quality control measures, ensuring that your operations are graced with only the best product in its category.
With Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1, you can expect exceptional performance in a diverse range of applications.



FUNCTION OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Polyquaterniums find particular application in conditioners, shampoo, hair mousse, hair spray, hair dye, and contact lens solutions.
Because they are positively charged, they neutralize the negative charges of most shampoos and hair proteins and help hair lie flat.
Their positive charges also ionically bond them to hair and skin.



KEY FEATURES OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
*Skin and Hair Care:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is commonly utilized in cosmetic products such as shampoos, conditioners, and hair styling products.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 helps improve manageability, shine, and overall aesthetic appeal.

*Pharmaceuticals:
As a pharmaceutical grade ingredient, Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 finds use in various medical formulations including creams, gels, and ointments.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 aids in drug delivery, stability, and enhances the overall efficacy of the product.

*Personal Care:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 offers exceptional benefits when incorporated into personal care items such as body washes, soaps, and lotions.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 provides a luxurious feel, improves texture, and enhances the overall sensory experience.

*Textiles:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is also employed in the textile industry for fabric softeners, conditioners, and anti-static finishes.
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 imparts a soft touch, reduces static cling, and helps maintain fabric appearance even after multiple washes.

*Household Products:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 can be found in a variety of household items including fabric care products, air fresheners, and cleaning solutions.
Its versatile nature allows Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 to provide excellent product performance and consumer satisfaction.



ORIGIN OF LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Luviquat PQ 11 AT 1 is a quaternized copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate.



WHAT DOES LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1 DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Film forming
*Foaming



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25°C
pH: 5.0-7.0 (10% solution)
CBNumber:CB8262152
Molecular Formula:C42H72N6O9X2
Molecular Weight:805.06
MDL Number:MFCD00284283
MOL File:53633-54-8.mol
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
refractive index: n20/D 1.369
solubility: soluble in Water
form: Clear Colourless Solution
LogP: 1.500 (est)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 0B44BS5IJS
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-(Dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate
N-vinylpyrrolidone polymer compd. with diethyl sulfate (53633-54-8)

Cosmetics Info: Polyquaternium-11
Boiling Point: No Data
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not Available
Flash Point (COC): No Data
Decomposition Temperature: Not Available
Evaporation Rate: Not Applicable
Viscosity (cP): 20,000 ~ 60,000cps (25°C)
Flammability (solid, gas): Not Applicable
Explosion Properties: None
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not Applicable
Oxidizing Properties: None
Molecular Weight: 422.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Coun: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 10

Exact Mass: 422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass: 422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area: 111 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Formal Charge: 0
Molecular Weight : 422.5
Appearance: Colorless to yellowish transparent liquid
Viscosity(25°2%C/mpa.s): 20000-60000
Solid content(%): 20.0±1.0
Residual monomer: ≤0.1
Ph: 5~7
Heavy Metal: ≤0.002
ASH(%): ≤0.1
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C

Boiling Point: 70.6ºC
Molecular Formula: (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H10O4S
Molecular Weight: 422.537
Flash Point: 70.6ºC
Exact Mass: 422.208679
PSA: 110.83000
LogP: 2.74250
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.369
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 187.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.644000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 159.00 °F. TCC ( 70.60 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.500 (est)
Soluble in: water, 61.44 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Appearance: Clear viscous liquid

Vapor Pressure: Not determined
Odor: Slight characteristic odor
Vapor Density: Not determined
Odor Threshold: No data available
Specific Gravity: No Data
pH: 5.0-7.0 Water Solubility: Soluble
Melting Point / freezing point: -7°C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: Not Available
Complexity: 402
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight: 422.5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 8
Rotatable Bond Count: 10
Exact Mass: 422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass: 422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area: 111
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Complexity: 402
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: 70.6ºC
Flash Point: 70.6ºC

Molecular Formula: (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H
Molecular Weight: 422.537
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Molecular Weight：805.06
Exact Mass422.208679
EC Number：611-022-0
DSSTox ID：DTXSID0041303
HScode：29239000
PSA：110.83000
XLogP3：2.74250
Appearance：colorless to light yellow viscous liquid
Density：1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling Point：70.6ºC
Flash Point：70.6ºC
Refractive Index：n20/D 1.369
Molecular Weight:422.5
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:8

Rotatable Bond Count:10
Exact Mass:422.20867260
Monoisotopic Mass:422.20867260
Topological Polar Surface Area:111
Heavy Atom Count:28
Complexity:402
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:3
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
Density: 1.05 g/mL at 25 °C
Boiling Point: 70.6ºC
Molecular Formula: (C8H15NO2.C6H9NO)x.xC4H10O4S
Molecular Weight: 422.537
Flash Point: 70.6ºC
Exact Mass: 422.208679
PSA: 110.83000
LogP: 2.74250
Index of Refraction: n20/D 1.369



FIRST AID MEASURES of LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
-Description of First Aid Measures:
*Eye Contact:
Wash eyes immediately with large amounts of water or normal saline.
Get medical attention immediately.
*Skin Contact:
Remove contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash with soap or mild detergent and large amounts of water.
Get medical attention, if needed
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
-Environmental Precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and Material for Containment and Cleaning Up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
-Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use water spray, alcohol resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
-Exposure Controls:
--Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use chemical goggles or face shield.
*Hand Protection:
Use chemical resistant gloves.
*Body Protection:
Wear appropriate chemical resistant clothing.
*Other:
An eye wash facility should be available in the work area.
Launder contaminated clothing before re-use.
--Environmental Exposure Controls:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
-Precautions for Safe Handling:
Normal measures for preventive fire protection.
-Conditions for Safe Storage, Including any Incompatibilities:
Keep container in a cool, well-ventiatled place.
-Specific end use(s):
Active ingredient in cosmetic and personal care applications.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LUVIQUAT PQ 11 AT 1:
-Reactivity:
Not reactive under normal conditions of use.
-Chemical Stability:
Stable at normal temperatures and pressure.
-Possibility of Hazardous Reactions:
Possible hazardous reactions at normal temperatures and pressure are not reported.

LUVISKOL K 17 Powder is a film former, thickener and emulsifier.
LUVISKOL K 17 Powder offers hold and possesses lubricant and binding properties.
LUVISKOL K 17 Powder is used in hair gels, particularly wet look gels, hair mousses, pump sprays, liquid hair setting preparation, creams, shampoos and hair dyes.

CAS Number: 9003-39-8
EC Number: 618-363-4
Monomer Unit Molar Mass: 111.14 g/mol

LUVISKOL K 17 Powder is styling agent suitable for hair gels, hair creams, mousses, pump sprays and liquid hair styling preparations.

LUVISKOL K 17 Powder is a nonionic vinylpyrrolidone homopolymer mainly used as a film former, but also as a thickener.
Readily soluble in water and compatible with almost all anionic, cationic and other non-ionic cosmetic polymers.

Also compatible with Carbomer-type thickeners and other crosslinked polyacrylates for gel-type applications.
Ideal for use in water based applications where a high degree of clarity is required in the finished product.

LUVISKOL K 17 Powder is used in hair gels, particularly wetlook gels.
Possesses lubricant and binding properties.

LUVISKOL K 17 Powder is polyvinylpyrrolidone for use in cosmetic applications.

LUVISKOL K products are mainly used as film formers, but also as thickeners.
The molecular weight determines the setting and adhesive properties of PVP polymers.

The higher the molecular weight, the greater the setting.
They are ideal for use in water-based applications where a high degree of clarity is required in the finished product (e.g. gels).
For hair-styling applications K 30, K 80, K 85 and K 90 are the best of the various molecular weights.

Applications and Technical Properties of LUVISKOL K Grades:
The LUVISKOL K grades are used in cosmetics for various applications.
They are mainly used as fi lm formers, but also as thickeners.

The LUVISKOL K products are nonionic vinylpyrrolidone homopolymers of different molecular weight.
The molecular weight determines the setting properties of PVP polymers.

The higher the molecular weight, the greater the setting.
The LUVISKOL K products are readily soluble in water and are compatible with almost all anionic, cationic, and other non-ionic cosmetic polymers.

They are compatible with Carbomer-type thickeners and other crosslinked polyacrylates for gel-type applications.
LUVISKOL K grades are ideal for use in water-based applications where a high degree of clarity is required in the fi nished products (e.g. gels).

Hair styling is the main application for the LUVISKOL K grades.
In hair gels, particularly wetlook gels, hair mousses, pump sprays, and liquid hair setting preparations they provide normal to strong hold.

LUVISKOL K 30 Powder can be used when manufacturing hair care products such as styling gels or solutions.
Besides the use in hair gel formulations, LUVISKOL K 30 can be used in pump sprays with normal hold, when low viscosity is important.

LUVISKOL K 80 and K 90 are for products with a strong hold and high viscosity, e.g. hair gels and hair mousses.
LUVISKOL K grades can also be used as thickening agents, emulsifi ers, lubricants, and binders.

They are particularly suitable for addition to cosmetic products that cleanse, dye or otherwise enhance the appearance of the skin or hair.
LUVISKOL K 30 Powder and LUVISKOL K 90 Powder can be used in the formulation of certain creams, both with an oil base and with an oil-free base.

LUVISKOL K 30 acts as a stiffening agent in hair setting preparations and improves the consistency of shampoos, hair dyes and similar preparations.
In contrast to anionic colloids, the LUVISKOL K grades can be combined with cationic substances, e.g. disinfectants or basic dyes, though of LUVISKOL K Grades: must be taken into account that LUVISKOL K 30 Powder tends to bind dyes.

Applications of LUVISKOL K 17 Powder:
Styling product,
Pet Care,
Pet Care TSCA,
Pet Care DSL,
Bath & Shower,
Body Care,
Body Color,
Color Cosmetics,
Hair Care,
Hair Colorants,
Hair Conditioning,
Hair Styling,
Hair Treatment,
Hand Cleansing,
Liquid Soap,
Skin Care,
Skin Cleansing.

The use of LUVISKOL K in pharmaceutical preparations:
The LUVISKOL K products are not intended for use in pharmaceutical pre parations.
The range of Kollidon products (please ask for technical literature) is available especially for such applications.
They are manufactured for this purpose and are subject to special quality and purity controls.

Properties of LUVISKOL K 17 Powder:
Water-soluble in high concentrations to form clear solutions.
At low relative humidity the films are hard and brittle.
At high relative humidity they are elastic and soft.
High water-absorption capacity.
Non-ionic, no neutralization required.
Compatible with anionic and cationic ingredients.

Storage/Stability of LUVISKOL K Grades:
LUVISKOL K 17, K 30, K 80 and K 90 powders have a shelf life of at least three years in the unopened original packaging below 25°C.
LUVISKOL K 30, K 80, K 85 CQ and K 90 solutions have a shelf life of at least two years in the unopened original pack aging below 20°C (preferably at 4°C).

First Aid of LUVISKOL K 17 Powder:

Eyes:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Skin:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

Inhalation:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air.
If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.

Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.
Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used.
If not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

Ingestion:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Identifiers of LUVISKOL K 17 Powder:
CAS: 9003-39-8
EC number: 618-363-4
Monomer Unit Molar Mass: 111.14 g/mol

Physicochemical Properties of LUVISKOL K 17 Powder:
Appearance: The aqueous solutions are clear and colorless to slightly yellowish. The powder products are white.
Odor: Slight, characteristic
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and isopropanol.

Other Descriptions of LUVISKOL K 17 Powder:

Product Categories:
Film Former,
Polymer,
Thickener.

Chemical Function:
Film Former,
Polymer,
Thickener.

Other LUVISKOL K range:
LUVISKOL K 30 Super Powder
LUVISKOL K 30 Super Solution
LUVISKOL K 60 45% Solution
LUVISKOL K 85 20% Solution
LUVISKOL K 115 CQ 11% Solution
LUVISKOL K 30 solution approx. 30%
LUVISKOL K 30 powder
LUVISKOL K 80 powder
LUVISKOL K 85 CQ solution approx. 20%
LUVISKOL K 90 solution approx. 20%
LUVISKOL K 90 powder

Other LUVISKOL Products:
LUVISKOL Plus
LUVISKOL VA 28 E
LUVISKOL VA 28 I
LUVISKOL VA 37 E
LUVISKOL VA 37 I
LUVISKOL VA 55 E
LUVISKOL VA 55 I
LUVISKOL VA 64 E
LUVISKOL VA 64 Powder
LUVISKOL VA 64 W
LUVISKOL VA 73 E
LUVISKOL VA 73 W
LUVISKOL VA 281
LUVISKOL VA 551
LUVISKOL VA 731

Alternate Chemical Names of LUVISKOL K 17 Powder:
AGENT AT 717
AGRIMER 30
AGRIMER K 30
ALBIGEN A
ALDACOL Q
ANTARON P 804
ANTITOX VANA
AT 717
B 7509
BOLINAN
CEVIAN A 88036
CROSPOVIDONE
DIVERGAN RS
1-ETHENYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE, HOMOPOLYMER (9CI)
GAFTEX AE-K 15
GANEX P 804
HEMODESIS
HEMODEZ
HUEPER'S POLYMER NO.5
K 115
K 115 (VINYL POLYMER)
K 120
K 120 (POLYMER)
K 15
K 15 (POLYMER)
K 25
K 25 (SURFACTANT)
K 30
K 60
K 60 (POLYMER)
K 90
KOLLIDON
KOLLIDON 12PF
KOLLIDON 17
KOLLIDON 17PF
KOLLIDON 25
KOLLIDON 30
KOLLIDON 90
KOLLIDON 90F
KOLLIDON CE 50/50
KOLLIDON K 25
KOLLIDON K 30
KOLLIDON K 90
LFC
LUMITEN PR 8450
LUVISKOL K 12
LUVISKOL K 17
LUVISKOL K 25
LUVISKOL K 30
LUVISKOL K 60
LUVISKOL K 80
LUVISKOL K 90
LUVISKOL KPO
MPK 90
N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE HOMOPOLYMER
N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE POLYMER
N-VINYLBUTYROLACTAM POLYMER
N-VINYLPYRROLIDINONE POLYMER
N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE HOMOPOLYMER
N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE POLYMER
NEOCOMPENSAN
NP-K 30
NPK 15
NPK 90
P 0696
PAK-K 15
PEREGAL ST
PERISTON
PERISTON N
PEVISTON
PLASDONE
PLASDONE 4
PLASDONE C
PLASDONE C 15
PLASDONE K 15
PLASDONE K 29-32
PLASDONE K 30
PLASDONE K 90
PLASDONE XL
PLASMOSAN
POLY(1-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE)
POLY(1-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE)
POLY(1-VINYLPYRROLIDINONE)
POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDINONE)
POLY(N-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE)
POLY(N-VINYL-GAMMA-BUTYROLACTAM)
POLY(N-VINYLBUTYROLACTAM)
POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDINONE)
POLY(N-VINYLPYRROLIDONE)
POLY(VINYLPYRROLIDINONE)
POLY(VINYLPYRROLIDONE)
POLY-(1-VINYL-2-PYRROLIDONE)
POLYCLAR AT
POLYCLAR H
POLYCLAR L
POLYPLASDONE
POLYPLASDONE INF 10
POLYPLASDONE XL
POLYPLASDONE XL 10

LUVISKOL VA 37 E is a styling agent and thickener suitable for hair gels, hair creams, mousses, pump sprays and liquid hair styling preparations.
LUVISKOL VA 37 E is solution of a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylacetate in ethanol.
LUVISKOL VA 37 E is VP/VA Copolymer.

CAS Number: 25086-89-9
EC Number: 607-540-1
Molecular Formula: (C6H9NO.C4H6O2)x
Molecular Weight: 591.69

LUVISKOL VA 37 E is a setting polymer and styling agent.
LUVISKOL VA 37 E finds application in hair gels, hair creams, mousses, pump sprays and liquid hair styling preparations.

LUVISKOL VA 37 E is a film-forming agents and fixatives in hair care, particularly in aerosol sprays, pump sprays, liquid products, mouses and gels.
LUVISKOL VA 37 E is an easy-to-use aqueous solution that is compatible with carbomers, and is particularly suitable for alcohol-free formulations, forming a clear solution in water.
LUVISKOL VA 37 E has a K-Value (1% in ethanol) of 28.0-38.0, a solids content of 48.0-52.0%, and a water content of <0.50%.

The LUVISKOL VA grades are polymeric film-forming agents that are used as hair fixatives particularly in aerosol sprays, pump sprays, liquid products, mousses and gels.

LUVISKOL VA 37 E resin is a 50% solution of a copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and vinylacetate in ethanol.

LUVISKOL VA 37 E is a white to yellowish-white amorphous powder.
LUVISKOL VA 37 E is typically spray-dried with a relatively fine particle size.
LUVISKOL VA 37 E has a slight odor and a faint taste.

Solubility of LUVISKOL VA Grades:
The solubility of the LUVISKOL VA grades in water depends on the VP:VA ratio.
Products with a high proportion of vinylpyrrolidone (LUVISKOL VA 64 and LUVISKOL VA 73) form clear solutions in water.

The other grades can be dispersed in water.
The solutions are slightly acidic.

The polymers are nonionic and thus do not need to be neutralized.
All the LUVISKOL grades are soluble in ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, glycerin, methylene chloride, esters and ketones.

Any precipitates that occur in solutions in ethanol or isopropanol in the cold disappear again on heating.
LUVISKOL VA 37 forms clear solutions in ethanol abs., ethanol 96% and ethanol/ water (VOC 80% and VOC 55%).

Solutions in isopropanol are clear, sometimes with a bluish tint.
Without a solubilizer, LUVISKOL VA Grades are not soluble in ether or aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Suitability for hair sprays of LUVISKOL VA Grades:
The LUVISKOL VA grades are used as film-forming agents and fixatives in hair care.
They possess excellent properties both for aerosol sprays and for non-aerosol products.

The higher the proportion of vinylpyrrolidone, the more hygroscopic the LUVISKOL VA grade is.
The adhesion of LUVISKOL VA films (e.g. LUVISKOL VA 64 and VA 73) to the hair also increases with the proportion of vinylpyrrolidone, without adversely affecting their excellent combing-out and washing-out properties, thanks to the nonionic nature of the polymer.

LUVISKOL VA 37 and VA 55 grades are particularly suitable for hair sprays whose films LUVISKOL VA Grades must be possible to remove from the hair by brushing.
The hair is even degreased on brushing, as the grease is effectively removed together with the LUVISKOL film.

The LUVISKOL VA 64 grades and the LUVISKOL VA 55 grades, by contrast, are preferable for hairsprays that are to have a particularly hydrophilic character, e.g. for use in dry climates.
They are also suitable for sprays with a high water content.

Hair sprays for dry and brittle hair should include a small quantity of plasticizer (0.1 – 0.2%), such as a polyethylene glycol like Pluracare E 400, or Palatinol M (dimethyl phthalate),
Luvitol EHO, silicone oils or other plasticizers frequently used in cosmetics.

Propellant Compatibility of LUVISKOL VA Grades:
Solutions of the LUVISKOL VA grades are readily compatible with dimethyl ether (DME).
Propane, butane, isobutane, pentane DME/pentane and DME/butane mixtures can be used together with solvents such as ethanol and methylene chloride.

Suitability for hair-setting solutions, gels and mousses:
Because of their good solubility in water, the LUVISKOL VA 64 and LUVISKOL VA 73 grades are particularly suitable for liquid hair setting products, gels and mousses.
Further, these polymers possess excellent setting properties.

All the LUVISKOL VA grades can be completely removed from the hair by straightforward washing.
The easy-to-use aqueous LUVISKOLVA solutions (VA 64 W and VA 73 W) as well as LUVISKOL VA 64 Powder are particularly suitable for alcohol-free formulations.

In the usual concentrations (1- 5% solid polymer), they form clear solutions in water and are very compatible with carbomers.
The moderate hydrocarbon compatibility of LUVISKOL VA 37 can be greatly improved by adding small quantities of water.
This makes LUVISKOL VA Grades possible to achieve cloud points below 0°C.

Uses of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:
LUVISKOL VA 37 E is styling agent suitable for hair gels, hair creams, mousses, pump sprays and liquid hair styling preparations.
All important hair styling applications, such as LUVISKOL VA 37 E, pump sprays, setting lotions (all LUVISKOL VA grades), mousses and gels (mainly LUVISKOL VA 64/VA 73).

The main raw material of cosmetics, used in hair gel, mousse, shampoo, etc., also used in surfactants, medicine and other industries.
Mainly used as water-soluble adhesive and dry adhesive in granulation and direct compression technology, as The film-forming material is used in film coating and used as a pore former in taste masking agents.

LUVISKOL VA 37 E is used in sugar coating to prevent splitting, bottom coating is used for moisture-proof purposes.
VP/VA copolymer series products are mainly used as film-forming agents and setting agents in the cosmetics field, especially in hairspray, hair spray, mousse and shampoo products.

They play an important role as film formers and hair styling agents.
If used in conjunction with PVPK 30, they will enhance their effectiveness.

Applications of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:
Bath & Shower,
Body Care,
Face Care,
Hair Care,
Hair Cleansing,
Hair Conditioning,
Hair Styling,
Hair Treatment,
Hand & Nail Care,
Hand Cleansing,
Liquid Soap,
Shaving,
Skin Care,
Skin Cleansing,
Styling.

Properties of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:
Non-ionic, no neutralization required,
Compatible with ionic (anionic as well as cationic) additives,
Ranging from water-soluble to soluble in ethanol,
Easy to handle,
Easy to comb out,
Propane/butane compatibility 20 – 45 %,
DME compatibility up to 70 %.

Storage of LUVISKOL VA Grades:

At room temperature in the original sealed containers, LUVISKOL VA Grades can be stored as follows:
LUVISKOL VA 37 E - 2 years
LUVISKOL VA 37 I - 2 years
Luvksol VA 55 I - 2 years
LUVISKOL VA 73 E - 2 years
LUVISKOL VA 64 P - 2 years
LUVISKOL VA 64 W - 1 year
LUVISKOL VA 73 W - 1 year

Aqueous solutions of the VA grades with a pH value below 7 can tend to develop mould.
This can be prevented by adding one of the preservatives commonly used in cosmetics, e.g. a hydroxybenzoate.

Identifers of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:
CAS No: 25086-89-9
Formula: (C6H9NO.C4H6O2)x
Molecular Weight: 591.69
Exact Mass: 486.370911
EC Number: 607-540-1
NSC Number: 114026|114025|114024|114023
HScode: 29349990

Typical Properties of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:
Molecular Weight: 197.23
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 197.10519334
Monoisotopic Mass: 197.10519334
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.6
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Complexity: 186
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Appearance of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:
Clear, colorless to slightly yellowish liquid with faint characteristic odor.
The solutions are clear and colorless to slightly yellowish.
The powder is white.

Specifications of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:
PSA: 46.61000
XLogP3: 9.76
Appearance: powder
Density: 1.0±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 536.7±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 72 °F
Refractive Index: 1.517
Storage Conditions: Copovidone is stable and should be stored in a well-closed containerin a cool, dry place.
Vapor Pressure: 0.132mmHg at 25°C
Toxicity: LD50 orl-rat: >630 mg/kg JACTDZ 2(5),141,83

Other Descriptions of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:

Functions:
Setting Polymer

INCI:
VP / VA Copolymer

Product groups:
Setting Polymers

Form of Delivery:
Liquid

Product Categories:
Film Former, Polymer

Other LUVISKOL Products:
LUVISKOL K 17 Powder
LUVISKOL K 30, 30% Solution
LUVISKOL K 30 Powder
LUVISKOL K 30 Super Powder
LUVISKOL K 30 Super Solution
LUVISKOL K 60 45% Solution
LUVISKOL K 80 Powder
LUVISKOL K 85 20% Solution
LUVISKOL K 85 CQ Solution
LUVISKOL K 90 20% Solution
LUVISKOL K 90 Powder
LUVISKOL K 115 CQ 11% Solution
LUVISKOL Plus
LUVISKOL VA 28 E
LUVISKOL VA 28 I
LUVISKOL VA 37 I
LUVISKOL VA 55 E
LUVISKOL VA 55 I
LUVISKOL VA 64 E
LUVISKOL VA 64 Powder
LUVISKOL VA 64 W
LUVISKOL VA 73 E
LUVISKOL VA 73 W
LUVISKOL VA 281
LUVISKOL VA 551
LUVISKOL VA 731

Synonyms of LUVISKOL VA 37 E:
D9C330MD8B
25086-89-9
Copovidone [BAN:NF]
Acetic acid ethenyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
Copovidone
Vinyl acetate N-vinyl-pyrrolidone polymer
Poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl-acetate)
UNII-D9C330MD8B
Ethenyl acetate, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
GAF-S 630
Ganex E 535
Vinyl acetate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer
Vinyl acetate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer
Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidone polymer
Vinyl acetate-N-vinylpyrrolidone polymer
Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer
Gantron S 630
Gantron S 860
Gantron PVP
LUVISKOL VA 28I
LUVISKOL VA 37I
LUVISKOL VA 55E
LUVISKOL VA 55I
LUVISKOL VA 64
LUVISKOL VA 73E
NSC 114023
Polectron 845
PVP-VA
PVP-VA-E 735
Kolima 10
Kolima 35
Kolima 75
Kollidon VA 64
Vinyl acetate-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer
Vinyl acetate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone copolymer
Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidinone polymer
Vinyl acetate-N-vinylpyrrolidinone polymer
Vinylpyrrolidinone-vinyl acetate copolymer
Vinylpyrrolidinone-vinyl acetate polymer
Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer
Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate polymer
N-Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate polymer
PVP/VA-S 630
PVP/VA copolymer
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with ethenyl acetate
Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer
Vinyl acetate-N-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer
I 635
I 735
S 630
Acetic acid vinyl ester, polymer with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
Copolyvidon
E 335
E 535
I 535
Acetic acid, ethenyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, polymer with acetic acid ethenyl ester
1-Ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone, polymer with ethenyl acetate
Polyvinylpyrrolidone - vinyl acetate copolymer
NSC 114024
Acetic acid ethenyl ester, polymer with 1-ethenyl-2-pyrrolidinone
Acetic acid vinyl ester, polymer with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone
2-Pyrrolidinone,1-vinyl-, polymer with vinyl acetate
2-Pyrrolidinone, 1-ethenyl-, polymer with ethenyl acetate
Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer
Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer
Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer
LUVISKOL VA 64
Vinyl acetate-N-vinylpyrrolidinone polymer
Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidinone polymer
Vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidone polymer
Vinylpyrrolidinone-vinyl acetate copolymer
Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate polymer
Vinyl acetate-N-vinylpyrrolidinone copolymer
Kolima 10
Gantron S 860
N-Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate polymer
Vinyl acetate-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone polymer
Polectron 845
Vinylpyrrolidinone-vinyl acetate polymer
Kolima 35
Vinyl acetate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer
LUVISKOL VA 37E
Vinyl acetate-N-vinylpyrrolidone polymer
PVP-VA
Vinyl acetate-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer
S 630
LUVISKOL VA 28I
GAF-S 630
I 735
I 635
I 535
1-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer
PVP/Va copolymer
Ganex E 535
E 335
N-Vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer
Poly(vinyl acetate-vinylpyrrolidinone)
LUVISKOL VA 55I
LUVISKOL VA 37I
Vinyl acetate-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone copolymer
Vinyl acetate-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone copolymer
Kollidon VA 64
PVP/VA-S 630
Kolima 75
LUVISKOL VA 55
EPVP-VA-E 735
Gantron PVP
Gantron S 630
8013-98-7
37359-37-8
89335-67-1
1257874-67-1
1427441-60-8
1832636-70-0

LUVOMAXX 6PPD is a purple flake.
LUVOMAXX 6PPD is turns dark brown on exposure to light.
LUVOMAXX 6PPD is a polluting antioxidant.

CAS Number: 793-24-8
EC Number: 212-344-0
Molecular Formula: C18H24N2
Molecular Weight: 268.39700

In addition to LUVOMAXX 6PPD good antioxidant performance, LUVOMAXX 6PPD also has the function of anti-ozone, anti-bending and anti-cracking, and inhibiting harmful metals such as copper and manganese.
LUVOMAXX 6PPD performance is similar to that of antioxidant 4010NA, but LUVOMAXX 6PPD toxicity and skin irritation are less than 4010NA, and LUVOMAXX 6PPD solubility in water is better than 4010NA (wash loss rate: 4010NA is 50%, while 4020 is only 20% of 15-chemicalbook15).

LUVOMAXX 6PPD can be widely used in tire, tape and many other industrial rubber products preparation, the general dosage is 0.5-1.5%.
LUVOMAXX 6PPD is not suitable for making light colored products because of serious pollution.

Antioxidant 4020 is one of the main types of LUVOMAXX 6PPD.
LUVOMAXX 6PPD is the main good variety commonly used in rubber industry at home and abroad, and also the development direction of antioxidant in the future.

The aqueous solubility of LUVOMAXX 6PPD is approximately 1 mg/L (50°C), the partition coefficient (1-octanol/water) (log Kow) is 4.68 (calculated value), and the vapor pressure is 4.93×10-6 mmHg (= 6.57×10-5 Pa) (25°C, calculated value).
Biodegradability (aerobic degradation) is characterized by a BOD degradation rate of approximately 2%, and bioaccumulation is thought to be low.

LUVOMAXX 6PPD is designated as a Class 1 Designated Chemical Substance under the Law Concerning Reporting, etc. of Releases to the Environment of Specific Chemical Substances and Promoting Improvements in Their Management (PRTR Law).
The main use of LUVOMAXX 6PPD is as a rubber antioxidant.

The production quantity of LUVOMAXX 6PPD in fiscal 2012 was 10,000 t, and that of LUVOMAXX 6PPD (C3–10) in fiscal 2012 was less than 1,000 t.
The production and import category under the PRTR Law is more than 100 t.

Applications of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:
As a kind of ursol rubber antioxidant, LUVOMAXX 6PPD has better compatibility with rubbers, seldom blooming, low volatility, low toxicity, with excellent antioxidant, anti-ozone, anti-flex cracks , anti-insolation cracks, strong inhibition on copper ormanganese and other toxic metals, applicable to all types of synthetic rubber and natural rubber.
With good dispensability in sizing material and little effect on vulcanization, LUVOMAXX 6PPD can soften sizing material, so can be used for tires and other kinds of rubber products, also can be used as heat oxygen stabilizer for polyethylene, polypropylene and acrylic resin.

Uses of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:
LUVOMAXX 6PPD is a polluting antioxidant.
In addition to LUVOMAXX 6PPD good antioxidant properties, LUVOMAXX 6PPD also has the effects of anti-ozone, anti-bending and cracking, and inhibiting harmful metals such as copper and manganese.

LUVOMAXX 6PPD performance is similar to that of antioxidant 4010NA, but LUVOMAXX 6PPD toxicity and skin irritation are less than 4010NA, and LUVOMAXX 6PPD solubility in water is better than 4010NA (water washing loss rate: 4010NA is 50%, while 4020 is only 15-20%).
LUVOMAXX 6PPD can be widely used in the preparation of tires, tapes and many other industrial rubber products.

The general dosage is 0.5-1.5%.
LUVOMAXX 6PPD is not suitable for making light-colored products due to serious pollution.

Anti-aging agent 4020 is one of the main varieties of LUVOMAXX 6PPD anti-aging agents.
LUVOMAXX 6PPD is the main good varieties commonly used in the rubber industry at home and abroad, and they are also the development direction of antioxidants in the future.

LUVOMAXX 6PPD is used as an antiozonant and antioxidant for natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
LUVOMAXX 6PPD has excellent protection against ozone cracking and flex fatigue.

Industry Uses:
Antioxidant,
Chemical reaction regulator,
Elasticizer,
Fuel,
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable,
Other,
Other (specify),
Processing aids, not otherwise listed.

Consumer Uses:
Antioxidant,
Elasticizer,
Fuel,
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable,
Other,
Other (specify),
Processing aids, not otherwise listed.

Handling and Storage of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:

Precautions for safe handling:
NO open flames.
Handling in a well ventilated place.

Wear suitable protective clothing.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Avoid formation of dust and aerosols.
Use non-sparking tools.
Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.
Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
Separated from strong oxidants.

Storage Conditions of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:
Keep in a cool, dry, dark location in a tightly sealed container or cylinder.
Keep away from incompatible materials.

Nonfire Spill Response of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:

Small Spills And Leakage:
Should a spill occur while you are handling this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then you should dampen the solid spill material with 60-70% ethanol and transfer the dampened material to a suitable container.
Use absorbent paper dampened with 60-70% ethanol to pick up any remaining material.

Seal the absorbent paper, and any of your clothes, which may be contaminated, in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal.
Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with 60-70% ethanol followed by washing with a soap and water solution.
Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned.

Storage Precautions:
You should keep this material in a tightly closed container under an inert atmosphere, and store LUVOMAXX 6PPD at refrigerated temperatures.
STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION.

Reactivity of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:

Reactive Group:
Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Reactivity Profile:
You should protect N-(1,3-DIMETHYLBUTYL)-N'-PHENYL-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE from exposure to strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine or hydrogen peroxide.
This material will ignite if heated strongly.

Autoignition Temperature:
~500 °C

Safety of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:
Packing level: I; II; III
Hazard category: 9
Transport codes: 3077
wgk germany: 2
Hazard class code: 9
Safety instructions: 36/37-60-61
RTECS Number: ST0900000
Marks: Xn,N

Storage features:
Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Separated from strong oxidants.

Precautionary statement(s):
P273-P280-P501

Hazard Statements:
H302-H317-H410

Vapor Pressure:
Vapour pressure at 25°C: negligible

Toxicity:
LD50 oral in rat: 3580mg/kg

Air and Water Reactions:
This chemical may be sensitive to prolonged exposure to air. Insoluble in water.

First Aid of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:

Eyes:
First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present.
Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center.

Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.

Skin:
IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing.
Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water.
If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.

Inhalation:
IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area.
Take deep breaths of fresh air.

If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital.
Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere.

Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used.
If not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing.

Ingestion:
DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center.

Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician.
If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body.

DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING.
IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital.

Identifiers of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:
Formula: C18H24N2
InChI: InChI=1S/C18H24N2/c1-14(2)13-15(3)19-17-9-11-18(12-10-17)20-16-7-5-4-6-8-16/h4-12,14-15,19-20H,13H2,1-3H3
InChI key: InChIKey=ZZMVLMVFYMGSMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C=1C=CC(=CC1)NC2=CC=C(C=C2)NC(C)CC(C)C
CAS: 793-24-8

Product Name: Antioxidant 4020
CAS No.: 793-24-8
Molecular Formula: C18H24N2
InChIKeys: InChIKey=ZZMVLMVFYMGSMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 268.39700
Exact Mass: 268.40
EC Number: 212-344-0
ICSC Number: 1635
UN Number: 3077
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9025114
Color/Form: Dark, violet solid
HScode: 2921519090
Categories: Antioxidants

Properties of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:
PSA: 24.06000
XLogP3: 5.6
Appearance: Purple flakes.
Density: 1.07 g/cm3
Melting Point: 50 °C
Boiling Point: 260ºC
Flash Point: 204ºC
Refractive Index: 1.599
Water Solubility: H2O:
Molecular Weight: 268.4
XLogP3: 5.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 268.193948774
Monoisotopic Mass: 268.193948774
Topological Polar Surface Area: 24.1
Heavy Atom Count: 20
Complexity: 250
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Other LUVOMAXX Products:

Pure Substances:
LUVOMAXX BHT
LUVOMAXX BHP
LUVOMAXX CDPA
LUVOMAXX DTPD
LUVOMAXX IPPD
LUVOMAXX MBI/OC
LUVOMAXX MMBI/OC
LUVOMAXX ODPA
LUVOMAXX SDPA
LUVOMAXX TMQ

Polymer-Bound Preparations.
LUVOMAXX IPPD GR 80
LUVOMAXX MBI GR 80
LUVOMAXX MMBI GR 70

Dry Liquid Preparations:
LUVOMAXX SDPA DL 72 C
LUVOMAXX TNPP DL 70

Sulphenamides:
LUVOMAXX CBS
LUVOMAXX DCBS
LUVOMAXX TBBS
LUVOMAXX TBSI

Thiazoles:
LUVOMAXX MBT
LUVOMAXX MBTS
LUVOMAXX ZMBT

Dithiocarbamates:
LUVOMAXX TDEC
LUVOMAXX ZBEC
LUVOMAXX ZDBC
LUVOMAXX ZDEC

Guanidines:
LUVOMAXX DPG

Dithiophosphates:
LUVOMAXX ZDTP

Thiurams:
LUVOMAXX DPTT
LUVOMAXX TBzTD
LUVOMAXX TETD
LUVOMAXX TiBTD
LUVOMAXX TMTM

Thioureas:
LUVOMAXX ETU
LUVOMAXX MTT

Sulphur donors:
LUVOMAXX DTDM

Amine Accelerators:
LUVOMAXX HMT

Synonyms of LUVOMAXX 6PPD:
1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-
1,4-Benzenediamine, N¹-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N⁴-phenyl-
1-N-(4-Methylpentan-2-yl)-4-N-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine
4-(1,3-Dimethylbutylamino)diphenylamine
Accinox ZC
Antage 6C
Antigene 6C
Antioxidant 4020
Antioxidant 6C
Antioxidant 6PPD
Antioxidant 6PPD (4020)
Antioxidant CD 13
Antioxidant PD 2
Antoxidant 4020
Antoxidant 6ppd
Antozite 67
Antozite 67F
Bhtox-4020
Cd 13
Diafen 13
Diafen FDMB
Dmbpd
Dusantox 6PPD
Flexzone 7F
Flexzone 7L
Flexzone 7P
Forte 6C
Kumanox 13
Kumanox 13C
Luvomaxx 6PPD
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N-Phenyl-1,4-Benzenediamine
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N-Phenyl-p-phenylene Diamine
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
N-(1.3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
N-(4-Methyl-2-pentyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
N-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-N'-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine
N-Phenyl-N′-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine
N-Phenyl-N′-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine
N¹-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N⁴-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine
Nocceler 6C
Nocrac 6C
Ozonone 6C
Permanax 120
Permanax 6PPD
Pilflex 13
Rubber Antioxidant 4020
Rubber Antioxidant 4020PPD
Santoflex 13
Santoflex 13F
Santoflex 6PPD
Sunsine 6PPD
Uop 562
Uop 588
Vulkanox 4020
Vulkanox 4020LG
Wingstay 300
p-Phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-
4-[(4-METHYL-2-PENTYL)AMINO]DIPHENYLAMINE
6PPD
ANTOZITE 67P
N-(1,3-DIMETHYLBUTYL)-N'-PHENYL-1,4-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
N-(1,3-DIMETHYLBUTYL)-N'-PHENYL-P-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
N-(4-METHYL-2-PENTYL)-N'-PHENYL-1,4-PHENYLENEDIAMINE
SANTOFLEX(R) 13 PASTILLES
4-Benzenediamine,N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-1
antage6c
Antioxidant4020
antioxidantcd13
antozite67
antozite67f
dbda
diafen13
dmbpd
dusantox6ppd
flexzone7f
flexzone7l
n-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-n’-phenyl-4-benzenediamine
793-24-8
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
N1-(4-Methylpentan-2-yl)-N4-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine
Antioxidant cd
Santoflex 13
Wingstay 300
Antioxidant 4020
Flexzone 7L
Dusantox 6PPD
Permanax 120
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-
N-1,3-Dimethylbutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
N-Phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine
HJD0U67PS1
p-Phenylenediamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-
4-N-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-1-N-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine
N-(4-Methyl-2-pentyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
Flexzone 7F
Santoflex 6PPD
Diafen FDMB
Nocrane 6C
Permanax 6PPD
Santoflex 13F
Antage 6C
Antozite 67
Antozite 67F
Nocrac 6C
Ozonon 6C
Forte 6C
Nocrane 7 L
Diafen 13
Antioxidant CD 13
DBDA
DMBPD
1,4-Benzenediamine, N1-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N4-phenyl-
Ozonone 6C
CCRIS 2352
CCRIS 4801
HSDB 5755
UOP 562
UOP 588
CD 13
NCI-C56315
EINECS 212-344-0
UNII-HJD0U67PS1
BRN 2215491
N-1,3-Dimethylbutyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamine
N-Phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethyl butyl)-para-phenylenediamine
Rubber Antioxidant 6PPD
Akrochem antiozonant pd-2
DSSTox_CID_5114
EC 212-344-0
DSSTox_RID_77672
DSSTox_GSID_25114
SCHEMBL39447
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N/'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
CHEMBL1558796
DTXSID9025114
Tox21_200890
MFCD00072248
AKOS015901311
CS-W012405
GG-0240
4-(1,3-dimethylbutylamino)diphenylamine
NCGC00091548-01
NCGC00091548-02
NCGC00091548-03
NCGC00258444-01
4-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)amino-diphenylamine
76600-84-5
CAS-793-24-8
4-[(4-Methyl-2-pentyl)amino]diphenylamine
D3331
FT-0709790
E76147
(4-anilino-phenyl)-(1,3-dimethyl-butyl)-amine
A839652
Q-201440
n-(1,3-dimethyl butyl)-n'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
n-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-n'-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N\'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine
n-phenyl-n'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine
Q27279957
1,4-Benzenediamine,N1-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N1-phenyl-
N-(4-Methyl-2-pentyl)-N'-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
N2-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N1-phenyl-benzene-1,2-diamine
1-N-(4-methylpentan-2-yl)-4-N-phenylbenzene-1,4-diamine
N-PHENYL-N'-(1,3-DIMETHYLBUTYL)-P-PHENYL DIAMINE
N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine, AldrichCPR
N-PHENYL-N'-(1,3-DIMETHYL BUTYL)-PARA-PHENYLENEDIAMINE [HSDB]
50809-58-0

LUVOMAXX DCBS, commonly referred to as DCBS, is a chemical compound used primarily as a rubber vulcanization accelerator.
LUVOMAXX DCBS is a member of the thiazole class of accelerators, which are commonly employed in the rubber industry.
LUVOMAXX DCBS is also used as a stabilizer in various industrial applications to protect against oxidative degradation.

CAS Number: 4979-32-2
Molecular Formula: C19H26N2S2
Molecular Weight: 346.55
EINECS: 225-625-8

LUVOMAXX DCBS is a chemical process that improves the properties of natural or synthetic rubber by cross-linking polymer chains, resulting in improved strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear and aging.
LUVOMAXX DCBS promotes the vulcanization reaction by facilitating the formation of cross-links between polymer chains.
This process enhances the properties of the rubber, making it suitable for various applications, including tires, automotive parts, industrial rubber goods, and footwear.

LUVOMAXX DCBS's important to note that as with any chemical compound, proper handling and safety measures should be followed when using DCBS to avoid potential hazards.
LUVOMAXX DCBS are chemical additives used to speed up the vulcanization process of rubber.
They play a crucial role in the cross-linking of polymer chains, which results in improved mechanical properties and thermal stability of the rubber.

LUVOMAXX DCBS, are part of a group of sulfur-based accelerators used in rubber vulcanization.
Other common thiazole accelerators include 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide (MBTS).

LUVOMAXX DCBS are widely used in the production of various rubber products, such as tires, conveyor belts, seals, hoses, shoe soles, and automotive components.
The type and dosage of accelerator used depend on the specific rubber compound and the desired properties of the end product.

LUVOMAXX DCBS can occur using various curing systems, such as sulfur curing or peroxide curing.
Sulfur-based accelerators like LUVOMAXX DCBS are commonly used in sulfur-cured rubber compounds.

LUVOMAXX DCBS are essential for rubber manufacturing, they need to be handled with care, as some of them may pose health and safety risks.
Proper storage, handling, and protective measures should be followed according to manufacturer recommendations and safety data sheets.

LUVOMAXX DCBS may interact with other chemicals in the rubber formulation.
Formulators need to ensure compatibility and stability of the overall rubber compound to achieve desired performance characteristics.

LUVOMAXX DCBS's essential to understand that the specific properties and applications of LUVOMAXX DCBS and other chemicals may be proprietary information belonging to the manufacturers.
For detailed information about LUVOMAXX DCBS, including its applications, performance, and safety considerations, it's best to consult the technical data sheets or safety data sheets provided by the manufacturer or supplier.

Melting point: 104℃
Boiling point: 230°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.20
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5800 (estimate)
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: Acetone (Slightly), Acetonitrile (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly)
form: Solid
pka: 0.43±0.20(Predicted)
color: Pale Yellow to Light Yellow
Water Solubility: 1.9μg/L at 25℃
LogP: 5.95

LUVOMAXX DCBS is a chemical process used to convert natural or synthetic rubber from a thermoplastic state to a thermosetting state.
The process involves forming cross-links between polymer chains, resulting in a three-dimensional network structure.
LUVOMAXX DCBS imparts several desirable properties to rubber, including increased tensile strength, hardness, resistance to abrasion, and enhanced thermal stability.

LUVOMAXX DCBS also reduces the susceptibility of rubber to swelling and degradation when exposed to heat, solvents, or environmental factors.
These are the most common type of accelerators used in rubber vulcanization.

Sulfur-based accelerators work in combination with sulfur donors to facilitate the formation of sulfur bridges between polymer chains during vulcanization.
LUVOMAXX DCBS, as a thiazole accelerator, falls into this category.

In recent years, LUVOMAXX DCBS accelerators have gained popularity due to their reduced potential for nitrosamine formation, which is a concern in certain rubber applications.
Some rubber compounds may require the use of secondary accelerators in combination with primary accelerators like LUVOMAXX DCBS to achieve the desired vulcanization rate and properties.

LUVOMAXX DCBS is critical in the production of rubber tires.
LUVOMAXX DCBS imparts the necessary durability and resilience required to withstand the stresses of road conditions.
LUVOMAXX DCBS is used to manufacture a wide range of industrial rubber products, such as conveyor belts, gaskets, seals, hoses, and O-rings.

Many automotive components, including engine mounts, suspension bushings, and seals, require LUVOMAXX DCBS rubber for optimal performance and longevity.
LUVOMAXX DCBS is commonly used in the production of shoe soles for increased durability and wear resistance.

Uses
One of the most significant uses of LUVOMAXX DCBS is in the production of rubber tires.
LUVOMAXX DCBS helps to enhance the strength, durability, and resilience of tire compounds, making them suitable for different road conditions and extending their lifespan.

LUVOMAXX DCBS is used in the manufacturing of industrial rubber products such as conveyor belts, gaskets, seals, hoses, O-rings, and other components used in machinery and equipment.
LUVOMAXX DCBS imparts superior mechanical properties to these products, making them resistant to wear, abrasion, and environmental factors.

LUVOMAXX DCBS is employed in the production of various automotive rubber components, including engine mounts, suspension bushings, seals, and grommets.
LUVOMAXX DCBS ensures these components can withstand the harsh conditions of automotive use.
LUVOMAXX DCBS is used to vulcanize rubber shoe soles.

LUVOMAXX DCBS soles offer improved durability, flexibility, and slip resistance, making them ideal for various types of footwear, including athletic shoes and casual footwear.
LUVOMAXX DCBS is used in the manufacture of rubber seals and gaskets for various industrial applications.
LUVOMAXX DCBS improves the sealing properties of rubber, making them suitable for sealing joints and connections in machinery and equipment.

LUVOMAXX DCBS are used to manufacture conveyor belts used in industries like mining, agriculture, and manufacturing.
Vulcanization enhances the strength and longevity of the belts, allowing them to handle heavy loads and resist wear and tear.
LUVOMAXX DCBS is used in some marine and aerospace applications where rubber components need to withstand challenging environmental conditions and mechanical stress.

LUVOMAXX DCBS is used in the production of rubber belts and hoses for various industrial applications, including conveying materials and fluids.
Vulcanization with LUVOMAXX DCBS ensures these rubber products can withstand mechanical stress and environmental conditions.

LUVOMAXX DCBS can be utilized in the manufacture of rubber rollers used in industrial machinery and printing presses.
LUVOMAXX DCBS improves the rollers' durability and resistance to wear and tear.

LUVOMAXX DCBS may find applications in electrical insulation components, such as cable sheathing and electrical connectors.
The vulcanization process ensures the rubber remains stable under varying electrical conditions.
LUVOMAXX DCBS can be incorporated into rubber compounds used for vibration dampeners or isolators.

LUVOMAXX DCBS can effectively absorb and reduce vibrations in machinery and equipment.
LUVOMAXX DCBS can be used in various sporting goods, such as rubber balls (e.g., basketballs, soccer balls), where improved elasticity and durability are essential.

LUVOMAXX DCBS may be used in the production of various shoe components beyond just soles, such as insoles, heel cushions, and toe caps, to provide enhanced comfort and support.
LUVOMAXX DCBS can be employed in rubberized fabrics used for various applications, including protective clothing, waterproofing materials, and inflatable structures.

Safety Considerations
When handling rubber vulcanization accelerators like LUVOMAXX DCBS, it is crucial to follow proper safety protocols.
This includes wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), using adequate ventilation, and ensuring proper storage and handling procedures as specified in safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer.

Environmental Impact
LUVOMAXX DCBS, like many chemical substances, can have environmental impacts if not properly managed.
Appropriate measures should be taken for waste disposal to avoid environmental contamination.

Fire and Explosion Hazard
LUVOMAXX DCBS is not highly flammable, but it can contribute to the intensity of a fire if involved in one.
It is essential to store LUVOMAXX DCBS away from open flames, sparks, and other sources of ignition.

Synonyms
4979-32-2
LUVOMAXX DCBS
N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide
Soxinol DZ
N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolsulfene amide
2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE, N,N-DICYCLOHEXYL-
Accelerator DZ
Sulfenamid DC
Vulkacit DZ
Meramid DCH
Rhodifax 30
C19H26N2S2
EINECS 225-625-8
Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
BRN 0621701
n,n-dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide
UNII-5OBS6299M8
N,N-Dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide
DTXSID3027584
M 181
N,N-Dicyklohexylbenzthiazolsulfenamid [Czech]
N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine
5OBS6299M8
N,N-Dicyklohexylbenzthiazolsulfenamid
N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenam
EC 225-625-8
S-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-N,N-dicyclohexyl-thiohydroxylamine
Vulkacit-DZ
N,N-Dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulphenamide
4-ethoxysalicylanilide
SCHEMBL212831
DTXCID707584
CHEMBL3186869
CMAUJSNXENPPOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Tox21_301258
MFCD00236063
STK771201
AKOS001746624
C19-H26-N2-S2
NCGC00255324-01
AS-15580
LS-40820
CAS-4979-32-2
2-benzotiazolsulfenamida, n,n-diciclohexil-
CS-0155326
FT-0746821
N,N-dicyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide
D82281
2-BENZOTHIAZOLYL-N,N-DICYCLOHEXYLSULFENAMIDE
W-106005
DICYCLOHEXYL-2-BENZOTHIAZOLESULFENAMIDE, N,N-
Q27262639
N~2~,N~2~-dicyclohexyl-1,3-benzothiazole-2-sulfenamide
Thiohydroxylamine, S-benzothiazol-2-yl-N,N-dicyclohexyl-
N-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylthio)-N-cyclohexylcyclohexanamine

Luvomaxx DCBS The sulfenamide class accelerators include CBS, TBBS, MBS, DCBS etc. and are most popular in the tire industry due to their delayed action as well as faster cure rate offered by them during vulcanization of rubber compounds containing furnace blacks. About Luvomaxx DCBS Luvomaxx DCBS has not been registered under the REACH Regulation, therefore as yet ECHA has not received any data about Luvomaxx DCBS from registration dossiers. Luvomaxx DCBS is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses of Luvomaxx DCBS Luvomaxx DCBS is used in the following products: polymers. Other release to the environment of Luvomaxx DCBS is likely to occur from: outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment). Article service life Other release to the environment of Luvomaxx DCBS is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)). Luvomaxx DCBS can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators. Luvomaxx DCBS can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys). Widespread uses by professional workers of Luvomaxx DCBS Luvomaxx DCBS is used in the following products: polymers. Luvomaxx DCBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products. Other release to the environment of Luvomaxx DCBS is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints), indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives). Formulation or re-packing Luvomaxx DCBS is used in the following products: polymers. Release to the environment of Luvomaxx DCBS can occur from industrial use: formulation in materials, in the production of articles, as processing aid and as processing aid. Uses at industrial sites of Luvomaxx DCBS Luvomaxx DCBS is used in the following products: polymers. Luvomaxx DCBS is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. Luvomaxx DCBS is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products. Release to the environment of Luvomaxx DCBS can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, in the production of articles, as processing aid and formulation in materials. Manufacture of Luvomaxx DCBS Release to the environment of Luvomaxx DCBS can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance. Luvomaxx DCBS is approved for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older. The teratogenicity of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide (Luvomaxx DCBS) was studied in Wistar rats. Pregnant rats were given Luvomaxx DCBS at a dosage of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 or 0.5 % in the diet from Day 0 to Day 20 of pregnancy. Daily intakes of Luvomaxx DCBS were 0.7 mg/kg for the 0.001% group, 7.1 mg/kg for the 0.01% group, 69.6 mg/kg for the 0.1% group and 288.8 mg/kg for the 0.5% group. Maternal body weight gain during pregnancy in the 0.1 and 0.5% groups was significantly lowered. Food consumption during pregnancy in the Luvomaxx DCBS treated groups, except for the 0.5% group, did not differ from that in the control group. Neither death nor clinical signs of toxicity were noted in the pregnant females of any group. Lowered weight in fetuses and the placentae were observed in the 0.5% group. There were no significant compound related effects on the incidence of pre- and post-implantation losses and the number and ratio of live fetuses. Morphological examinations of the fetuses revealed no evidence of teratogenesis. It could he concluded that Luvomaxx DCBS possesses no adverse effects on the prenatal development of~the offspring in rats at doses employed in the present study. The invention belongs to the technical field of fine chemical engineering, and concretely relates to an oxidant-free preparation method of N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazolesulfenamide (Luvomaxx DCBS). The Luvomaxx DCBS is synthesized from benzothiazole disulfide (a sulfuration promoter DM) and cyclohexylamine by using an inorganic or organic alkaline catalyst, no oxidant is needed in the reaction process, the added catalyst can be repeatedly used, and the addition amount of the catalyst is 5-30% of the weight of benzothiazole disulfide. The yield of the Luvomaxx DCBS product synthesized through the method stabilizes in a range of 98-99.5, methanol insoluble substances in the product are stable, the lowest content of the methanol insoluble substances is 0.1%, and the highest content of the methanol insoluble substances is 0.22%, and no wastewater is generated in the process, so the method is suitable for industrial production. N cyclohexyl 2 benzothiazole sulfenamide (hereinafter referred to as accelerator Luvomaxx DCBS) is one of important kind of sulfenamide vulcanization accelerator, have anti-incipient scorch and the big advantage of curingprocess rate fast two concurrently, in natural rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber, butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, it is particularly suited for the furnace black sizing material that alkalescence is higher, variable color and pollution are slight, and volume of production and the consumption of the most external Luvomaxx DCBS account for the 50% of thiazoles sulfuration chemicals total amount.In recent years, along with China's radial development, the demand of accelerator Luvomaxx DCBS is also presented the longest trend. The synthetic method of Luvomaxx DCBS mainly has sodium hypochlorite oxidization, Oxygen Catalytic Oxidation method, electrolytic oxidation, chlorine oxidation process, hydrogen peroxide oxidation method etc. at present, oxidizing process has raw material and is easy to get, the advantages such as equipment requirements is the highest, and product yield is high, and technique is simple and widely used by institute both at home and abroad.This method is to carry out condensation with 2-benzothiazolyl mercaptan (hereinafter referred to as M) in the presence of an oxidizer with cyclohexylamine to generate Luvomaxx DCBS, but this technique is owing to using extra oxidant or solvent, course of reaction can produce oxidized byproduct, produces substantial amounts of reluctant waste water, seriously polluted. European patent EP 180169, proposes 1600mL water, the sodium salt of 378g50%M and the sulphuric acid mix and blend of 178.2g cyclohexylamine and 343g20%, it is warming up to 50 DEG C, then adds 457mL15% sodium hypochlorite stirring reaction 30min, obtain 223gLuvomaxx DCBS, product fusing point 102-103 DEG C, purity 99%. German patent DE 3021419, propose in aqueous 10%-30%(weight ratio) 2 one butyl cellosolve solvents in, add M, then 20-50 DEG C it is warmed up to, add cyclohexylamine, then aoxidize at 25-60 DEG C with sodium hypochlorite, be then cooled to 5-l5 DEG C of crystallization, sucking filtration drying, the Luvomaxx DCBS of available purity 99%, yield reaches 90%. Li Yan etc. (petrochemical technology and application, Vol26(1), 2008,31-33) with captax, cyclohexylamine as raw material, water as solvent, use hydrogen peroxide as oxidant to synthesize N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfonamide (Luvomaxx DCBS).And by orthogonal experiment, synthesis technique is optimized.Luvomaxx DCBS yield is 95.28% with optimal conditions, and fusing point is 99.0 DEG C. The present invention with benzothiazole disulfide (accelerator DM) and cyclohexylamine as raw material, suitable catalyst is selected to synthesize Luvomaxx DCBS, oxidizer is need not during reaction, the catalyst added can be reused, and catalyst charge is the 5-30% of the benzothiazole disulfide weight added, according to the Luvomaxx DCBS product of the inventive method synthesis, stable yield is in the range of 98.0-99.5%, in product, insoluble methyl alcohol is stable, and insoluble methyl alcohol minimum 0.1% is the highest by 0.22%. Synthesizing Luvomaxx DCBS according to the process conditions of the present invention, product appearance is white powder, and product yield is stable more than 98%, and fusing point reaches more than 99.5 DEG C, and insoluble methyl alcohol stable content is in the range of 0.1%-0.22%. Luvomaxx DCBS is a rubber accelerator chemical. The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and building industries. Production In the European Union (EU-15), Luvomaxx DCBS is produced at three sites. One additional company is solely importing. According to the data supplied by these four companies, 16 101 t/a are produced, 431 t/a are imported and 10 524 t/a exported outside of the EU. Thus 6 008 t/a of this substance flow are consumed within Europe. In addition, HPV-scale import not subject to the Regulation 93/793/EEC occurs in the EU-15. A total market volume of 20 000 t/a is assumed in this assessment. Luvomaxx DCBS and other benzothiazole sulphenamides are obtained by oxidation of a mixture of MBT or NaMBT and cyclohexylamine or other amines. Uses Luvomaxx DCBS is exclusively used as vulcanization accelerator in rubber goods manufacture. Vulcanization transforms the rubber from the thermoplastic into the elastomeric state at temperatures between 150 and 200 °C. Luvomaxx DCBS is loaded to the rubber in concentrations of 0.5– 1% (ww) but it breaks down during the curing process. Beside Luvomaxx DCBS, other benzothiazole sulphenamides are used as curing agents. During vulcanization the unstable sulphur-nitrogen link of benzothiazole sulphenamides is split and in a complex reaction sequence the rubber molecules are vulcanized with an intermediate formation of a 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) radical. Products resulting from the process are basic amines, MBT (partly bound as “pending group”) and secondary reaction products (see section 3.1). The breakdown products are according to experimental data partly included into the rubber matrix and partly released in vulcanization fumes. The most important products of rubber industry are automobile tires which take about 2/3 of the total rubber production. The remaining rubber is used for various types of “rubber goods”. Of these rubber goods, 65 % of the volume is used in the automotive branch. Environmental releases The releases of Luvomaxx DCBS have been estimated for the production sites based on site specific data. The total release of Luvomaxx DCBS from production to the environment has been estimated at < 1 ton per year. Due to a rapid hydrolysis of Luvomaxx DCBS, releases of degradation products to water are also expected beside releases of Luvomaxx DCBS. The generic production site scenario of the TGD does not foresee emissions to air, but the production sites have provided site specific information on their Luvomaxx DCBS releases to air. Also the provided site specific information on benzothiazole (BT), one of the degradation products, shows that releases to air do occur. Releases to air from a generic rubber manufacturing site have been estimated according to OECD emission scenario document to be 31 kg/day expressed as unreacted Luvomaxx DCBS. It is noted, that the major part of this amount is expected to be released in form of breakdown products. In a study investigating losses and analysing substances formed in different type of curing processes, two degradation products of Luvomaxx DCBS –benzothiazole and 2-methylbenzothiazole- were detected in the process fumes and a weight loss of 0.05 % was observed. At a generic rubber manufacturing site, no releases to waste water are expected. Based on several studies, the degradation products of Luvomaxx DCBS can leach or volatilize out of the rubber matrix. Vulcanization products of Luvomaxx DCBS contained in rubber are released to the environment during their use in tires and rubber goods. The recipient environment for the use in tires is road border soil and surface waters receiving runoff from roads and from road borders. Tire dust entering the European environment contains degradation products of Luvomaxx DCBS in an amount which corresponds to 1 149 t Luvomaxx DCBS /a. Households have also been observed to be sources of benzothiazole derivatives. Benzothiazole, 2-benzothiazolone and 2- methylthiobenzothiazole were detected in domestic waste water in Berlin. However, municipal waste water as a collective source of these substances is based on the same study not relevant regarding local risks, although the total release via municipal sewage treatment plants may be relevant for regional exposure. Releases from processing of used tires (tire shredding) and from uses of recycled rubber occur based on experimental data. BT was found in air in vapour and particulate phase of a tire shredding facility in Taiwan. However, it is not possible to estimate environmental concentrations based on the study. Sites where recycled rubber is used are, e.g., sport halls, asphalt, playgrounds and outdoor sport grounds. Landfills release Luvomaxx DCBS degradation products in leachate based on measured data. The source of this release can be assumed to be landfilled tires and rubber goods. For the degradation products no representative estimate of total or local releases could be calculated so far based on the information on the use volume of Luvomaxx DCBS, as the formation of each degradation product cannot be quantified. Environmental concentrations Due to the fact that the quantities of each degradation product formed from Luvomaxx DCBS cannot be estimated, the exposure assessment of the degradation products has to rely on measured data. For the Luvomaxx DCBS production sites aquatic concentrations of Luvomaxx DCBS and its degradation products were derived based on measured data in the effluents (see Tables 3.4, 3.5). Clocalair of 0.66 µg/m3 for Luvomaxx DCBS was estimated based on the site specific information provided on the emissions to air. This would correspond to 0.31 µg BT/m3, if it would be assumed, that all Luvomaxx DCBS degrades in air completely to BT. Regional concentration of Luvomaxx DCBS in air is negligible (Clocal ≈ PEClocal). The highest measured concentration of BT in air around one production site is 0.03 mg/m3. Clocalair of BT for the other two production sites is ≤ 0.02 µg/m3 based on the information provided on the emissions of BT. For a generic rubber manufacturing site, PEClocalair of 8.62 µg /m3 as Luvomaxx DCBS -equivalent has been estimated according to the OECD emission scenario document. It is noted, that the majority of this amount is expected to be present as degradation products. Releases to waste water are expected not to occur. A Clocalair of 0.06 µg/m3 has been estimated for BT based on experimental data. No environmental concentration of MeBT has been derived, but it is based on information on MeBT -releases lower than the concentration of BT. The other environmentally relevant breakdown products are due to their low vapour pressure not expected to be relevant for the air compartment. For water bodies which receive Luvomaxx DCBS breakdown products from tire abrasion from roads and road borders, a tentative PEClocalfreshwater has been derived based on measured data for BT (0.6 µg/l), BTon (0.2 µg/l), MeSBT (5.6 µg/l) and MeBT (0.6 µg/l). Accordingly, a tentative PEClocalsoil for road borders was derived for BT (336 µg/kg dw), MeSBT (86 µg/kg dw) and MeBT (34 µg/kg dw). It is noted, that the monitoring data are scarce for road borders and further measured data are needed. For road borders, no concentration in air has been derived. A Clocalair of 0.023 µg BT/m3 has been derived for air around sport halls. The concentration has been derived based on measured data on BT in sport halls in a Norwegian study. This exposure is caused by recycled tire crumb in ground material. Other benzothiazole derivatives including Luvomaxx DCBS were detected in particulate matter from air samples, but the concentrations were so low (< 1 ng/m3), that they are not considered relevant for the risk assessment. Releases from outdoor sport grounds can be expected based on further experimental data from Norway on other substances than benzothiazole derivatives. However, no measured data from surface waters receiving storm runoff from outdoor sport grounds are available for benzothiazoles and therefore no estimate of the local concentration could be derived. Occupational exposure In Western Europe N-Cyclohexylbenzothiazol-2-sulfenamide (in the following Luvomaxx DCBS) is exclusively used as a vulcanisation accelerator in rubber goods manufacture. Luvomaxx DCBS is produced by four companies in the EU. In 1993 the demand of Luvomaxx DCBS in Western Europe was estimated to 15,500 t which is about 50 % of the total accelerators demand. The world Luvomaxx DCBS production is estimated to 44,000 – 45,000 t for 1993. It is expected that the Luvomaxx DCBS demand will increase in the next years, because Luvomaxx DCBS in contrast to other vulcanisation accelerators cannot form toxic nitrosamine. There are no additional data available and no consumer products listed in the Swedish product register and in other data bases (e.g. Nordic Product Register SPIN). Detailed information on the production volumes and the use of Luvomaxx DCBS is given in chapter 2. Relevant occupational exposure scenarios are to be expected in the following areas: - Production of Luvomaxx DCBS - Use of Luvomaxx DCBS as a vulcanisation accelerator in the rubber industry (e.g. rubber goods, tires) During the vulcanisation (curing) process, Luvomaxx DCBS like any other vulcanising agent is reacting for at least 95 %. Taking into account that the maximum concentration of Luvomaxx DCBS in the uncured compounds is 3.5 % (technical rubber), the amount of Luvomaxx DCBS that can be retained in the finished product is limited to 0.2 %. Due to the resulting low concentration of Luvomaxx DCBS, a considerable exposure to Luvomaxx DCBS during the processing of rubber goods is not expected. Therefore, the processing of rubber, e.g. cutting, melting, is not considered in this report. Occupational exposure limits for Luvomaxx DCBS have not been established in Western Europe and USA. The exposure assessment is based on measured data and literature data, expert judgement and estimations according to the EASE model (Estimation and Assessment of Substance Exposure). The exposure levels should be regarded as reasonable worst case estimates representing the highly exposed workers. Luvomaxx DCBS is a slight greyish powdery substance (vapour pressure 1.5 x 10-8 hPa at 20°C) which decomposes under the influence of heat. According to information provided by industry Luvomaxx DCBS is mainly used in dust suppressed forms (granulates or master batches). But the provided information is non-sufficient, so that exposure due to the handling the powdery substance cannot be excluded. For the large-scale chemical industry, it is assumed that the production and further processing of Luvomaxx DCBS is mainly performed in closed systems. Storage and conveying Luvomaxx DCBS is performed in largely automated equipment. Where skin contact can occur, employees are supplied with work dress, safety shoes, gloves and protecting glasses. Exposure occurs if the systems are breached for certain activities, e.g. filling. Consumer exposure Almost all rubber compounds on the market contain rubber accelerator as Luvomaxx DCBS in a wide range of products, but it is difficult to know which rubber product contain which rubber accelerants. Therefore the use of Luvomaxx DCBS in consumer product cannot be ruled out completely. However, based on relevant databases such as SPIN and Nordic database no direct consumer exposure seems to occur. In addition, based on a search in Google, Current Contents and Toxline we found no indication for exposure to Luvomaxx DCBS through the use of gloves, rubber, toys and household products. Therefore consumer exposure is thought to be minimal and does not need to be further characterized. Humans exposed via the environment Total daily intake of Luvomaxx DCBS via environment is 0.0245 mg/kg bw/day. For benzothiazole, which is one of the environmentally relevant stabile degradation products of Luvomaxx DCBS, a total daily intake of 0.004 mg/kg/day has been calculated. Irritation Luvomaxx DCBS has demonstrated few cases of skin irritation in human patch tests with the commercial product, when using petrolatum as a vehicle. In animal tests Luvomaxx DCBS caused slight irritation on the skin and on the conjunctivae of the eye of rabbits. Occasional signs of mild nasal irritation were observed in some Sprague-Dawley CD rats immediately after the 6-hour exposure period with atmospheric concentrations up to 0.048 mg/l Luvomaxx DCBS 5 days per week in a 28-day inhalation toxicity study. The animals recovered from symptoms within 24 hours and these findings did not correlate to histopathological effects. In light of the fact that Luvomaxx DCBS has shown slight irritations at the eye of rabbits it seems plausible that Luvomaxx DCBS leads also to slight irritations at the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract after inhalation. However, these data cannot be used to conclude a potential of Luvomaxx DCBS to cause acute respiratory irritation relevant for classification and labelling. With respect to systemic effects there is concern for repeated dose toxicity (inhalation) for scenario 1 (production of Luvomaxx DCBS). The lowest critical endpoint-specific exposure level is 2 mg/m3 which results from systemic effects after repeated inhalation. This level should be used as reference for establishing an occupational exposure limit. It is assumed that adherence to this reference level will effectively minimise the risk for respiratory tract irritation as well. Based on the marginal information on respiratory tract irritation it is assumed that respiratory tract irritation in the range of Luvomaxx DCBS concentrations tested is mild. Further testing is not considered of priority, because it is assumed that adherence to the critical Luvomaxx DCBS exposure level of 2 mg/m³, which is specifically derived for systemic effects, effectively reduces the risk of respiratory tract irritation. Based on these considerations, conclusion i (on hold) was drawn for local effects in the respiratory tract. Dermal contact is without concern regarding general systemic effects; but may elicit allergic skin reactions due to the skin sensitising potential of Luvomaxx DCBS. With respect to skin sensitisation, there is a general concern for all dermal exposure scenarios; however, because of routinely implemented control measures, the corresponding concern for scenario 1 (production of Luvomaxx DCBS) is relatively low. The releases of Luvomaxx DCBS have been estimated for the production sites based on site specific data. The total release of Luvomaxx DCBS from production to the environment has been estimated at < 1 ton per year. Due to a rapid hydrolysis of Luvomaxx DCBS, releases of degradation products to water are also expected beside releases of Luvomaxx DCBS. The generic production site scenario of the TGD does not foresee emissions to air, but the production sites have provided site specific information on their Luvomaxx DCBS releases to air. Also the provided site specific information on benzothiazole (BT), one of the degradation products, shows that releases to air do occur. Releases to air from a generic rubber manufacturing site have been estimated according to OECD emission scenario document to be 31 kg/day expressed as unreacted Luvomaxx DCBS. It is noted, that the major part of this amount is expected to be released in form of breakdown products. In a study investigating losses and analysing substances formed in different type of curing processes, two degradation products of Luvomaxx DCBS –benzothiazole and 2-methylbenzothiazole- were detected in the process fumes and a weight loss of 0.05 % was observed. At a generic rubber manufacturing site, no releases to waste water are expected. Based on several studies, the degradation products of Luvomaxx DCBS can leach or volatilize out of the rubber matrix. Vulcanization products of Luvomaxx DCBS contained in rubber are released to the environment during their use in tires and rubber goods. The recipient environment for the use in tires is road border soil and surface waters receiving runoff from roads and from road borders. Tire dust entering the European environment contains degradation products of Luvomaxx DCBS in an amount which corresponds to 1 149 t Luvomaxx DCBS /a. Households have also been observed to be sources of benzothiazole derivatives. Benzothiazole, 2-benzothiazolone and 2- methylthiobenzothiazole were detected in domestic waste water in Berlin. However, municipal waste water as a collective source of these substances is based on the same study not relevant regarding local risks, although the total release via municipal sewage treatment plants may be relevant for regional exposure. Releases from processing of used tires (tire shredding) and from uses of recycled rubber occur based on experimental data. BT was found in air in vapour and particulate phase of a tire shredding facility in Taiwan. However, it is not possible to estimate environmental concentrations based on the study. Sites where recycled rubber is used are, e.g., sport halls, asphalt, playgrounds and outdoor sport grounds. Landfills release Luvomaxx DCBS degradation products in leachate based on measured data. The source of this release can be assumed to be landfilled tires and rubber goods. For the degradation products no representative estimate of total or local releases could be calculated so far based on the information on the use volume of Luvomaxx DCBS, as the formation of each degradation product cannot be quantified. This conclusion concerns Luvomaxx DCBS emissions from the three Luvomaxx DCBS production sites to the aquatic environment as a source of Luvomaxx DCBS and waste water treatment plants of the sites. The conclusion also covers the secondary poisoning route of Luvomaxx DCBS with present exposure levels. In addition, the combined exposure of Luvomaxx DCBS and its breakdown products in the aquatic environment and waste water treatment plants does not cause risks at any producer site. In rubber industry, no releases of vulcanisation agents to the surface waters occur. Consequently, no risks for aquatic environment are expected. This conclusion covers also the exposure of soil for the Luvomaxx DCBS production and rubber industry (emissions to air).

polyethylene wax; PE WAX cas no:111-40-0

polyethylene wax; PE WAX cas no:111-40-0

polyethylene wax; PE WAX cas no:111-40-0

polyethylene wax; PE WAX cas no:111-40-0

polyethylene wax; PE WAX cas no:111-40-0

polyethylene wax; PE WAX cas no:111-40-0

polyethylene wax; PE WAX cas no:111-40-0

Oksidize polietilen wax; polyethylene wax; PE WAX cas no:111-40-0

They are waxes for detergents and cleaners and industrial formulators.
Emulsifiable polyethylene wax used to prepare wax emulsions for industrial use.

Luwax OA is an oxidized polyethylene wax.
Luwax OA acts as a lubricant for plastics processing.

Luwax OA is produced by high pressure polymerization process.
Luwax OA is used as dispersant in wax compounds & floor polishes.

Luwax are used to manufacture a variety of wax emulsions for cleaning and care applications, such as polishes for floor, shoes, leather, furniture, and automobiles.

Luwax helps to protect surfaces against mechanical wear, improve surface appearance, and control slip properties when formulated in pastes,creams, or aqueous emulsions.

These ethylene-based polymers are produced by a high pressure polymerization process.
The product properties are primarily determined by the molecular weight, the density and the addition of other monomers.

Products are available as powders, micropowders, granules or pastilles.
Polyethylene waxes are used as additives in a variety of markets and applications.

They can be used in printing inks to improve rub resistance or in paints as a flattening and anti-settling agent.
And they are excellent as dispersants and color enhancers in color concentrates or in wax compounds to increase hardness.
Some of their other uses include improved black heel mark resistance and buffability in floor polishes, and as a lubricant for plastics processing.

Oxidized polyethylene wax of high hardness and medium molar mass.
Soluble in hot non-polar solvents.

Luwax OA is emulsified surfactant.
Surfactants and surfactants make Luwax OA possible to obtain transparent compositions.

Anionic and non-ionic Luwax OA 2 emulsions form a glossy hard film.
In a mixture with styrene-acrylic dispersions, Luwax OA is used in floor products.
Luwax OA is also used in polishes for furniture and cars.

Applications of Luwax OA:

Floor polishes, leather polishes:
Emulsions prepared from Luwax OA, especially anionic and anionic-nonionic emulsions, dry to form tough, glossy films which can beused to protect a variety of substrates.

Luwax OA perform well indry-bright emulsion-type polishes.
Coemulsions with montanic esterwaxes, carnauba wax, microcrystalline wax and paraffin wax can also beprepared if necessary.

Solvents such as mineral spirits can also be addedin special cases.
Solvents such as mineral spirits and solvent naphtha can be added to carpolishes and furniture polishes in order to provide an added cleaningeffect.
Silicone oils improve the gloss, buffability and toughness of protective films.

Textile:
Anionic-nonionic, cationic and nonionic emulsions of Luwax OA used in textile finishing, often in combination with paraffin wax.
Theyimpart a smooth, soft, full handle to fabrics such as cotton and linen, andthey increase the fabrics’ water repellancy.

They can be added to crease-resistant resin finishes to improve their abrasion resistance, sewability andtearing resistance.
Emulsions of this type can also be used to reduce thesusceptibility of fabrics to soiling and improve their washability and waterresistance, especially if the emulsions have a low emulsifier content.

In textile applications, Luwax OA is very important that wax emulsions are resistantto electrolytes and salts that act as catalysts.
The resistance of anionic-nonionic emulsions of Luwax OA to 5 % solutions of ammoniumdihydrogen phosphate, zinc nitrate and magnesium chloride at 20 °C isparticularly good.

Other applications of Luwax OA:
Emulsions prepared from Luwax OA Pastilles and large proportions of par-affin wax dry to form tough, water-repellent films.
These have a variety ofapplications.

Formwork emulsions:
Emulsions of Luwax OA can be applied to wooden and metalforms for concrete.
They have the advantage over oils that they do notpenetrate into the concrete, which causes problems when renderings andfinishes are applied.

Water repellants for particle board:
Wax emulsions are added to the adhesives used to bind particle board toprevent particles of wood from absorbing moisture and swelling.

Temporary protective coatings for metal:
Emulsions can be applied to new cars and machine parts, etc., to protectthem from corrosion during transport and storage.

Size for paper:
Applied to paper in the size press, emulsions of this type give improvedwater resistance, smoothness and gloss.

Solubility of Luwax OA:
The following table shows the “cloud point” of Luwax OA Pastilles, dissol-ved in selected solvents at a concentration of 10 %.
This is the tempera-ture at which the wax just begins to precipitate out of solution on cooling.
The temperature at which Luwax OA forms a clear solution is virtually the same,depending on the rate at which Luwax OA is heated.

Solvent - Boiling point of solvent (°C) - Cloud point (°C)
Mineral spirits: 140 – 200 - ca. 63
Tetrachloroethylene: 121 - ca. 52
Toluene: 111 - ca. 56
Xylene: 135.5 –141 - ca. 58
Xylene/n-butanol (60 : 40): - ca. 68

Miscibility of Luwax OA:
The miscibility of Luwax OA with Luwax OA listed below wasdetermined by melting them and mixing them together in the ratios 9:1 and 1:9.
The wax forms a homogeneous mixture with the following sub-stances in molten and solid form.

Carnauba wax
Fischer-Tropsch wax
Hard microcrystalline wax
Laropal®K 80
Luwax E Flakes
Luwax LG Flakes
Luwax V Flakes
Montan wax, crude
Oppanol®B 15
Oxidized microcrystalline wax
Paraffin wax
Plastic microcrystalline wax (Ozokerite)

Emulsification of Luwax OA:
Luwax OA is easy to prepare very stable emulsions from Luwax OA.
Anionic emulsions are the most finely divided and, depending on the typeand quantity of amine soap used to emulsify them, they can be transpar-ent to crystal-clear.

Cationic and nonionic emulsions are less finely dividedand are milky white in appearance, but anionic-nonionic emulsions can beprepared which are transparent.
Emulsions of Luwax OA, espe-cially anionic and anionic-nonionic emulsions dry to form high-gloss films.

Preparing emulsions of Luwax OA:
Because of the wax’s high melting point, the following method has to beused to prepare emulsions at atmospheric pressure.
The wax and emulsi-fier are melted together at 120 –130 °C.

The mixture is then poured intothe water in the form of a thin jet, and stirred vigorously.
The water has tobe heated to as near to boiling point as possible.

The dimensions of thestirrer and the speed at which Luwax OA rotates should be such that the waterforms a deep vortex.
The hot wax can then be poured into the vortex toprevent Luwax OA from touching the stirrer or the sides of the vessel and formingspecks.
Emulsifiers such as alkali hydroxides or acetic acid, etc., can alsobe added to the hot water.

After all the wax has been added, the emulsion should be stirred for a fur-ther 5 –15 minutes at 96 – 98 °C.
Luwax OA then has to be cooled to 40 – 50 °C asquickly as possible, preferably by passing cold water through coils or ajacket fitted to the vessel.

Generally speaking, emulsions with solids contents of up to 40 % can beprepared from Luwax OA.
They are stable and pumpable at thisconcentration.
The viscosity of emulsions with a solids content of greaterthan 40 % is too high for them to be handled at room temperature.

A less energy-intensive method is to prepare a concentrated emulsion witha solids content of ca. 40 %, and then to dilute Luwax OA down to its final concentration with cold water.

Luwax OA can also be emulsified under pressure in an autoclave.
However, Luwax OA is easier to control the properties of the emulsion if the variousingredients are added one at a time at atmospheric pressure.
Coemulsions can be prepared with other waxes such as paraffin wax,microcrystalline waxes (hard, plastic or oxidized), montanic ester waxesand carnauba wax.

Types of emulsion of Luwax OA:
The following points are important when preparing emulsions of Luwax OA.

Anionic:
Emulsifiers: Salts of oleic acid or other long-chain fatty acids together withhigh-boiling amines such as morpholine (b. p. 127 –130 °C),diethylethanolamine (b. p. 160 –163 °C) and 2-amino-2-methylpropanol (b. p. 165 –168 °C).
The wax and the oleic acid are melted together at 120 –130 °C.
The mix-ture is then stirred and cooled to 100 °C, during which time the amineforms a salt. The mixture is then reheated to 120 –130 °C and poured intothe water.

Anionic-nonionic:
Emulsifiers: Ethoxylated fatty alcohols such as Lutensol AT 11, LutensolON 70 or Lutensol TO 8, together with small quantities ofalkali hydroxide.
The alkali hydroxide forms a salt with the acid groups of the wax, whichmakes Luwax OA very easy to emulsify.

The best method is to dissolve the hydroxide in the water.
A slightly more transparent emulsion is obtained ifthe hydroxide is added to the molten wax/emulsifier mixture, but the emul-sion does not form a more transparent film on drying, and any benefits areoutweighed by disadvantages such as foaming, spitting and the formationof specks.
If emulsions of this type are to be used for finishing textiles, small quan-tities of highly ethoxylated fatty alcohols such as Lutensol AT 25 or Emulan OC are usually added to improve their stability towards metalsalts such as magnesium chloride and zinc nitrate

Cationic:
Emulsifiers: Salts of ethoxylated amines such as Lutensol FA 12 or Armo-blen 1101and short-chain monocarboxylic acids such asacetic acid.
The acetic acid is added to the water.
A cationic emulsifier is formed whenthe molten wax/amine mixture is poured in.

Nonionic:
Emulsifiers: Ethoxylated fatty alcohols such as Lutensol AT 25.

Storage of Luwax OA:
The shelf life of Luwax OA Pastilles is virtually unlimited, provided they arestored properly in their sealed original packaging

Safety of Luwax OA:
We know of no ill effects that could have resulted from using Luwax OA for the purposes for which they are intended and from processingthem in accordance with current practice.
According to the experience we have gained over many years and theother information at our disposal, Luwax OA do not exert anyharmful effects on health, provided they are used properly, due attention isgiven to the precautions necessary for handling chemicals, and the infor-mation and advice given in our Safety Data Sheet is observed.

Properties of Luwax OA:
Form: pastilles, powder
Drop Point'C: 109
Melting Point Monoscope: 104
Density at 23'C, g/cm3: 0.97
Avergae Molar Mass Viscosimetric g/mol: 4000
Viscosity at 120'C, mm2/S: 360

Chemical Compound:
Oxidized polyethylene wax

SYNONYMS (S)-(+)-Valine; Val; V; Valine; L-(+)-valine; L-2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid; 2-Aminoisovaleric acid; 2-Amino-3-methylbutyric acid; CAS NO:72-18-4

lycium chinense flower extract; chinese boxthorn flower extract; extract of the flowers of lycium chinense, solanaceae CAS NO:913545-16-1

Lyocol RDN (Clariant, Switzerland) was used as a dispersing agent and acetic acid was used to adjust the pH of the dyebath.
Dispersing agent designed for high temperature processes.
he polymer solution (containing 30-35% notified polymer) used in the formulation of this product is called Lyocol RDN liquid.

Synonyms
Lyocol® RDN/PRDN,
Cyclanon® MSA p,
Cyclanon® Eco plus liq
& Elkaline® F
Auxiliary package
for right-first-time
(shade & fastness)
• Lyocol® RDN/PRDN: dispersing
agent designed for high
temperature process
• Cyclanon® MSA p: Alkaline
reducing agent for clearing 1
• Cyclanon® Eco plus Liq: Acid
reducing agent for clearing 2
• Ekaline® F: Dispersing booster
for acid and alkaline clearing

Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2.
Lysine's codons are AAA and AAG.
Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine.


CAS Number: 70-54-2 DL
56-87-1 L
923-27-3 D
EC Number: 200-294-2
MDL number: MFCD00064433
Chemical formula: C6H14N2O2



SYNONYMS:
L-lysine, D-lysine, (2S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid (L-lysine), (2R)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid (D-lysine), Lysine, D-lysine, L-lysine, LYS, h-Lys-OH, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, Alpha-epsilon-diaminocaproic acid, Hydrochlorure de L-Lysine, L-2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid, L-Lysine, L-Lysine HCL, L-Lysine Hydrochloride, L-Lysine Monohydrochloride, Lisina, Lys, Lysine HCl, Lysine Hydrochloride, Lysine Monohydrochloride, Monochlohydrate de L- Lysine, Monochlohydrate de Lysine, L-lysine, lysine, 56-87-1, h-Lys-oh, lysine acid, (S)-Lysine, (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid, Aminutrin, alpha-Lysine, L-(+)-Lysine, (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid, (S)-2,6-Diaminocaproic acid, Hydrolysin, Lysinum, 25104-18-1, Lysinum [Latin], L-lys, Lisina [Spanish], L-Norleucine, 6-amino-, lysin, Lysine, L-, (S)-alpha,epsilon-Diaminocaproic acid, Lisina, LYS (IUPAC abbreviation), Lysine [USAN], lys, CHEBI:18019, L-2,6-Diaminocaproic acid, lysina, (+)-S-Lysine, Hexanoic acid, 2,6-diamino-, (S)-, BRN 1722531, HSDB 2108, a-Lysine, 2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid, (S)-, AI3-26523, L-Lysin, EINECS 200-294-2, UNII-K3Z4F929H6, DTXSID6023232, 6-ammonio-L-norleucine, K3Z4F929H6, 12798-06-0, DTXCID403232, L-Lysine base, Lysinum (Latin), 4-04-00-02717 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), MFCD00064433, LYSINE (II), LYSINE [II], LYSINE (MART.), LYSINE [MART.], L-LYSINE, MONOACETATE, 3H-Lysine, 2,6-diaminohexanoate, L-Lysine, labeled with tritium, L-aLysine, .alpha.-Lysine, 1ozv, 1yxd, 3h-l-lysine, 6-amino-Aminutrin, NCGC00164527-01, L-?Lysine, H-Lys, (-)-lysine, 6-amino-L-Norleucine, Lysine (USAN/INN), L-2,6-Diainohexanoate, L-2,6-Diaminocaproate, LYSINE [VANDF], LYSINE [HSDB], LYSINE [USAN], LYSINE [INN], L-LYSINE [FHFI], LYSINE [WHO-DD], (S)-a,e-Diaminocaproate, LYSINE [MI], L-Lysine, >=97%, bmse000043, bmse000914, Epitope ID:136017, (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoate, L-2,6-Diainohexanoic acid, CHEMBL8085, GTPL724, (S)-2,6-diamino-Hexanoate, (S)-a,e-Diaminocaproic acid, L-Lysine, analytical standard, L-Lysine, >=98%, FG, (S)-2,6-diamino-Hexanoic acid, B05XB03, L-Lysine, >=98% (TLC), BDBM217367, (2S)-2,6-Diamino-hexanoic acid, HY-N0469, L-H2N(CH2)4CH(NH2)COOH, Tox21_112158, s5630, .alpha.,.epsilon.-Diaminocaproic acid, AKOS006239081, AKOS015855172, CCG-266180, CS-W019758, DB00123, CAS-56-87-1, NCGC00166296-02, 20166-34-1, AC-14492, AS-11733, TYROSINE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY], (S)-.alpha.,.epsilon.-Diaminocaproic acid, L-Lysine, crystallized, >=98.0% (NT), AM20100376, L0129, L-Lysine, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=98%, A20652, C00047, D02304, G72513, A904498, A919375, J-521651, (S)-2,6-Diaminocaproic acid, (S)-(+)-Lysine, Lysine,



Lysine is an essential amino acid.
Normal requirements for lysine have been found to be about 8 g per day or 12 mg/kg in adults.
Children and infants need more- 44 mg/kg per day for an eleven to-twelve-year old, and 97 mg/kg per day for three-to six-month old.
Lysine is highly concentrated in muscle compared to most other amino acids.


Lysine is high in foods such as wheat germ, cottage cheese and chicken.
Of meat products, wild game and pork have the highest concentration of lysine.
Fruits and vegetables contain little lysine, except avocados.


Normal lysine metabolism is dependent upon many nutrients including niacin, vitamin B6, riboflavin, vitamin C, glutamic acid and iron.
Excess arginine antagonizes lysine.
Several inborn errors of lysine metabolism are known.


Most are marked by mental retardation with occasional diverse symptoms such as absence of secondary sex characteristics, undescended testes, abnormal facial structure, anemia, obesity, enlarged liver and spleen, and eye muscle imbalance.
Lysine also may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Although high protein diets result in loss of large amounts of calcium in urine, so does lysine deficiency.


Lysine may be an adjunct therapy because it reduces calcium losses in urine.
Lysine deficiency also may result in immunodeficiency.
Requirements for this amino acid are probably increased by stress.


Lysine toxicity has not occurred with oral doses in humans.
Lysine dosages are presently too small and may fail to reach the concentrations necessary to prove potential therapeutic applications.
Lysine metabolites, amino caproic acid and carnitine have already shown their therapeutic potential.


Thirty grams daily of amino caproic acid has been used as an initial daily dose in treating blood clotting disorders, indicating that the proper doses of lysine, its precursor, have yet to be used in medicine.
Low lysine levels have been found in patients with Parkinson's, hypothyroidism, kidney disease, asthma and depression.


The exact significance of these levels is unclear, yet lysine therapy can normalize the level and has been associated with improvement of some patients with these conditions.
Abnormally elevated hydroxylysines have been found in virtually all chronic degenerative diseases and coumadin therapy.


The levels of this stress marker may be improved by high doses of vitamin C.
Lysine is particularly useful in therapy for marasmus (wasting) and herpes simplex.
It stops the growth of herpes simplex in culture, and has helped to reduce the number and occurrence of cold sores in clinical studies.


Dosing has not been adequately studied, but beneficial clinical effects occur in doses ranging from 100 mg to 4 g a day.
Higher doses may also be useful, and toxicity has not been reported in doses as high as 8 g per day.
Diets high in lysine and low in arginine can be useful in the prevention and treatment of herpes.


Some researchers think herpes simplex virus is involved in many other diseases related to cranial nerves such as migraines, Bell's palsy and Meniere's disease.
Lysine is an essential amino acid.
Lysine is often added to animal feed.


Lysine is an amino acid.
Amino acids are molecules that act as the building blocks of proteins.
Specifically, lysine is an essential amino acid.


That means that your body can’t make lysine on its own, and instead it must be obtained through your diet.
Lysine can be found in protein-rich plant and animal-based foods like eggs, lentils, meat, dairy products, and fish.
Lysine can also be taken as a dietary supplement.


The supplement label might say “l-lysine,” which is the form of lysine used in supplements.
As a supplement, lysine offers a number of benefits.
Lysine is an amino acid that is found mostly in animal products.


Though more research is needed, it may help reduce anxiety, prevent cold sores, improve calcium absorption, and promote wound healing.
Lysine is a building block for protein and an essential amino acid.
Because your body cannot make it, you need to obtain it from food.

You need lysine for:
*growth
*muscle turnover
*forming carnitine, a substance found in most cells of your body
*transporting fats across your cells to be burned for energy
*Lysine is the form of lysine your body can utilize.
*Lysine’s naturally found in food and is the type used in supplements.


Lysine is an essential amino acid.
Many people know that several amino acids are known as the “building blocks of protein” and are needed in order for a huge number of internal functions to work properly, including growth.


Lysine was first discovered by a German scientist known only as Dreschel in 1889, who was able to isolate the amino acid from casein, or milk protein.
The exact structure of Lysine was recorded just three years later.
Of the few hundred amino acids found in nature, 20 are necessary for protein creation and growth, and only 10 of those 20 can be produced by the body.


The remaining 10 are known as “essential” amino acids because humans must consume them for proper health.
Amino acid deficiencies cause a degradation of internal cells and can lead to huge problems, so it’s important to get enough of them in your diet.
It’s common to be deficient in lysine and glutamine, in particular.


Essential amino acids are most often stereoisomers, meaning they exist in two variations that are identical to one another as mirror images.
There are both D- and L- forms of these amino acids, and the L- form is used in protein synthesis and therefore the form found in food and supplements.
Because of this, most people simply refer to this nutrient as “lysine” for short.


There are many incredible Lysine benefits, from its use as a common treatment for cold sores to a potential anti-anxiety supplement.
As is true with most nutrients available in supplement form, Lysine can be taken orally but is absorbed best into the body when consumed through dietary sources.


Lysine’s found in large amounts in various kinds of meat, beans, cheeses and eggs.
Specifically, Lysine is very important in the creation of carnitine, which converts fatty acids into energy and also lowers cholesterol levels.
Lysine, also known as L-lysine, is an essential amino acid for the body.


Lysine also seems to play a role in absorbing calcium and helps the body form collagen, which aids in the growth and maintenance of bones and connective tissue (including skin).
Unlike some other amino acids, the body cannot synthesize lysine on its own.


Therefore, the body can only obtain lysine through the diet.
Lysine is important for normal growth as well as muscle turnover.
Besides, lysine helps transport fat through cells to burn for energy.


L-lysine is the form of lysine your body can use.
Lysine is found in foods and is the type used in supplements.
Lysine is industrially produced by microbial fermentation, from a base mainly of sugar.


Genetic engineering research is actively pursuing bacterial strains to improve the efficiency of production and allow lysine to be made from other substrates.
Lysine is an essential amino acid.
The human body cannot make lysine, so it must be eaten in the diet.


Sources of Lysine include meat, fish, dairy, and eggs.
Lysine is a building block for making proteins in the body.
Lysine might also prevent the herpes virus from growing.


People use lysine for cold sores, canker sores, athletic performance, diabetes, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.
Lysine is an essential amino acid.
There are two chemical versions of lysine: L-lysine and D-lysine.


L-lysine is the bioactive form found in foods and supplements that your body uses, and it's our focus here.
Lysine, or L-lysine, is an essential amino acid, meaning it is necessary for human health, but the body cannot make it.
You have to get lysine from food or supplements.


Amino acids like lysine are the building blocks of protein.
Lysine is an amino acid commonly paired with Vitamin C in many supplements.
While an essential amino acid Lysine does not hold much promise as a supplement beyond reducing the symptoms of herpes simplex.


Lysine is an essential amino acid that your body doesn’t produce on its own, which means it must come from diet or supplementation.
Primary dietary sources of lysine are meat, poultry, fish, dairy, tofu, lentils, and beans.
However, because many individuals don’t get enough lysine through diet alone, supplementation of this essential amino acid is advisable.


Lysine is an essential amino acid that is important for collagen synthesis and maintaining good bone health.
Lysine helps boost the immune system and treats cold sores.
Some evidence suggests that Lysine may be beneficial in the reduction of Lipoprotein (a), a cardiovascular toxin.


Lysine stimulates the release of human growth hormone and may facilitate muscle growth.
Lysine is one of the essential amino acids that people must obtain through food.
Lysine is one of the essential amino acids, which are those that the body cannot make and that people need to obtain from dietary sources.


Lysine, also called L-lysine, is an amino acid that is necessary for many bodily functions.
People describe amino acids as the building blocks of protein because they combine with other compounds to form this macronutrient.
The medical community defines lysine as an essential amino acid because, unlike some other amino acids, the body cannot synthesize it.


As a result, people need to include Lysine in their diet.
Lysine (Lys, K) is one of the 22 amino acids found in proteins.
Due to its 4-aminobutyl (primary amine) side chain, it belongs to the group of basic amino acids such as histidine and arginine


Like many other amino acids, this amino acid has both L- and D- isomers.
However, Lysine's active isomer, in other words, its isomer that exists in nature, is L - Lysine.
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.


Lysine contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH+3 form when dissolved in water), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO− form when dissolved in water), and a side chain lysyl ((CH2)4NH2), classifying it as a basic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid.
Lysine is encoded by the codons AAA and AAG.
Like almost all other amino acids, the α-carbon is chiral and lysine may refer to either enantiomer or a racemic mixture of both.


For the purpose of this article, lysine will refer to the biologically active enantiomer L-lysine, where the α-carbon is in the S configuration.
The human body cannot synthesize lysine.
Lysine is essential in humans and must therefore be obtained from the diet.


In organisms that synthesise lysine, two main biosynthetic pathways exist, the diaminopimelate and α-aminoadipate pathways, which employ distinct enzymes and substrates and are found in diverse organisms.
Lysine catabolism occurs through one of several pathways, the most common of which is the saccharopine pathway.


Lysine was first isolated by the German biological chemist Ferdinand Heinrich Edmund Drechsel in 1889 from hydrolysis of the protein casein, and thus named it Lysin, from Greek λύσις (lysis) 'loosening'.
In 1902, the German chemists Emil Fischer and Fritz Weigert determined lysine's chemical structure by synthesizing it.


The one-letter symbol K was assigned to lysine for being alphabetically nearest, with L being assigned to the structurally simpler leucine, and M to methionine.
Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2.


This amino acid is an essential amino acid, which means that humans cannot synthesize Lysine.
Lysine's codons are AAA and AAG.
Lysine is a base, as are arginine and histidine.


The ε-amino group acts as a site for hydrogen binding and a general base in catalysis.
Common posttranslational modifications of Lysine include methylation of the ε-amino group, giving methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethyllysine.
The latter occurs in calmodulin.


Other posttranslational modifications include acetylation.
Collagen contains hydroxylysine which is derived from lysine by lysyl hydroxylase.
Lysine is an L-alpha-amino acid.


Lysine has a role as a micronutrient, a nutraceutical, an anticonvulsant, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite, a plant metabolite, a human metabolite, an algal metabolite and a mouse metabolite.
Lysine is an aspartate family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a L-lysine and a L-alpha-amino acid.
Lysine is a conjugate base of a L-lysinium(1+).


Lysine is a conjugate acid of a L-lysinate. It is an enantiomer of a D-lysine.
Lysine is a tautomer of a L-lysine zwitterion and a L-Lysine zwitterion.
Lysine is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.


Lysine is a natural product found in Pinus densiflora, Cyperus aromaticus, and other organisms with data available.
Lysine is one of nine essential amino acids in humans required for growth and tissue repair.
Lysine is supplied by many foods, especially red meats, fish, and dairy products.


Lysine seems to be active against herpes simplex viruses and present in many forms of diet supplements.
The mechanism underlying this effect is based on the viral need for amino acid arginine; lysine competes with arginine for absorption and entry into cells.
Lysine inhibits HSV growth by knocking out arginine.


Many lysine supplements are also vegan or gluten-free.
The label should tell you whether the supplement is either vegan or gluten-free.
The label should also list the supplement form.


Topical lysine (cream) is also available, but only in combination form.
This means that lysine creams will include other ingredients, like other various vitamins, minerals, or nutrients.
Lysine is an amino acid supplement used to treat clinical signs associated with feline herpes virus infection in cats.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LYSINE:
Lysine is used to make carnitine - an amino acid found in most cells of the body.
Reported lysine benefits include improved blood sugar control, management of anxiety and stress, collagen formation, and wound healing.


Your body cannot make lysine, so you must get it from food or supplements.
Lysine is important for proper growth, and it plays an essential role in the production of carnitine, a nutrient responsible for converting fatty acids into energy and helping lower cholesterol.


Lysine appears to help the body absorb calcium, and it plays an important role in the formation of collagen, a substance important for bones and connective tissues including skin, tendons, and cartilage.
Lysine uses the purest, most absorbable form of this amino acid – without adding unnecessary additives or preservatives.
Daily lysine requirement is between 1-1.5 g.


Although Lysine has been claimed that as a food it may be beneficial against HSV infection, scientific evidence regarding its benefits is not well established.
Lysine has an important role in calcium absorption, the construction of muscle proteins, the recovery process after surgery and sports injuries, and the synthesis of hormones , antibodies and enzymes by the body.


There are various health benefits of lysine and lysine supplements, including improving cold sores, reducing blood pressure, and preventing the symptoms of lysine deficiency.
Lysine plays several roles in humans, most importantly proteinogenesis, but also in the crosslinking of collagen polypeptides, uptake of essential mineral nutrients, and in the production of carnitine, which is key in fatty acid metabolism.


Lysine is also often involved in histone modifications, and thus, impacts the epigenome.
The ε-amino group often participates in hydrogen bonding and as a general base in catalysis.
The ε-ammonium group (−NH+3) is attached to the fourth carbon from the α-carbon, which is attached to the carboxyl (−COOH) group.


Due to its importance in several biological processes, a lack of lysine can lead to several disease states including defective connective tissues, impaired fatty acid metabolism, anaemia, and systemic protein-energy deficiency.
O-Glycosylation of lysine residues in the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi apparatus is used to mark certain proteins for secretion from the cell.


-Use of lysine in animal feed
Lysine production for animal feed is a major global industry, reaching in 2009 almost 700,000 tons for a market value of over €1.22 billion.
Lysine is an important additive to animal feed because it is a limiting amino acid when optimizing the growth of certain animals such as pigs and chickens for the production of meat.

Lysine supplementation allows for the use of lower-cost plant protein (maize, for instance, rather than soy) while maintaining high growth rates, and limiting the pollution from nitrogen excretion.
In turn, however, phosphate pollution is a major environmental cost when corn is used as feed for poultry and swine.


-Herpes simplex virus (HSV):
Some studies suggest that taking lysine on a regular basis may help prevent outbreaks of cold sores and genital herpes.
Others show no improvement.

Lysine has antiviral effects by blocking the activity of arginine, which promotes HSV replication.
One review found that oral lysine is more effective atpreventing an HSV outbreak than it is at reducing the severity and duration of an outbreak.

One study found that taking lysine at the beginning of a herpes outbreak did not reduce symptoms.
Most experts believe that lysine does not improve the healing of cold sores.
But supplementation may reduce recurrences or improve symptoms.


-Osteoporosis:
Lysine helps the body absorb calcium and reduces the amount of calcium that is lost in urine.
Since calcium is crucial for bone health, some researchers think lysine may help prevent bone loss associated with osteoporosis.

Lab studies suggest that lysine in combination with L-arginine (another amino acid) makes bone-building cells more active and enhances production of collagen.
But no studies have examined whether lysine helps prevent osteoporosis in humans.


-Athletic performance:
Athletes sometimes use lysine as a protein supplement.
Some studies suggest lysine helps muscle tissue recover after stress.



IF YOU DO NOT TAKE ENOUGH LYSINE:
Most people get enough lysine in their diet.
Although athletes, burn patients, and vegans who do not eat beans may need more.
If you do not have enough lysine, you may experience:
*Fatigue
*Nausea
*Dizziness
*Loss of appetite
*Agitation
*Bloodshot eyes
*Slow growth
*Anemia
*Reproductive disorders
For vegans, legumes (beans, peas, and lentils) are the best sources of lysine.



IN POPULAR CULTURE, LYSINE:
The 1993 film Jurassic Park, which is based on the 1990 novel Jurassic Park by Michael Crichton, features dinosaurs that were genetically altered so that they could not produce lysine, an example of engineered auxotrophy.

This was known as the "lysine contingency" and was supposed to prevent the cloned dinosaurs from surviving outside the park, forcing them to depend on lysine supplements provided by the park's veterinary staff.
In reality, no animal can produce lysine; it is an essential amino acid.



BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
Because lysine is an amino acid, your body uses it to make proteins and repair muscles.
Lysine supplements may provide benefits for the following:

*Cold sores from herpes simplex virus (HSV)
*Anxiety and stress
*Schizophrenia
*Blood sugar control
*Calcium absorption
*Wound healing
The research on many of these benefits is limited.


*Cold Sores
Cold sores are an unpleasant side effect of HSV 1.
A 2017 review found that oral lysine supplementation of 3 grams per day or more improved the experiences of some people with cold sores.

However, the review stated that more research is needed to determine whether lysine is an effective treatment for this condition.
An earlier review conducted in 2015 also did not find enough evidence to back up claims that lysine can provide cold sore relief.


*Stress and Anxiety
Studies have looked at whether lysine can help manage anxiety and stress.
Research is limited, and it should be noted that many of the studies are small and don't include many participants.

A randomized, double-blind study found that cortisol (a hormone that's increased during stress), was lowered in people who consumed lysine-fortified foods for three months.
The study also found that these foods reduced anxiety measures in males.


*Schizophrenia
Lysine may also be used as a complementary treatment for schizophrenia, according to limited research.
A small pilot study reported that people taking 6 g of lysine daily for four weeks had improved symptoms, including reduced psychosis severity.


*Blood Sugar Control
Lysine supplements may be useful for lowering blood sugar.
A very small study found that high doses of lysine (11 g) taken with glucose resulted in small decreases in blood sugar.
Researchers think that lysine supplementation may either help with insulin secretion or help remove glucose from the blood on its own.


*Calcium Absorption
Lysine supplements may help the body absorb calcium, which can be beneficial for osteoporosis (a disease that causes weak, brittle bones).


*Wound Healing
Lysine has been shown to enhance blood supply and target growth factors, leading to improved wound healing.
A small study evaluated adding a 15% lysine cream to standard treatment for diabetic foot ulcers.
Researchers concluded the 15% lysine cream can significantly improve wound healing but noted that larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.



DIETARY SOURCES OF LYSINE:
Good sources of lysine include foods that are rich in protein, such as:
*Meat, specifically red meat, pork, and poultry
*Cheese, particularly parmesan
*Certain fish, such as cod and sardines
*Eggs
*Soybeans, particularly tofu, isolated soy protein, and defatted soybean flour
*Spirulina
*Fenugreek seed
*Brewer's yeast, beans and other legumes, and dairy products also contain lysine.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF LYSINE INCLUDE:
• Wound healing – Lysine is often recommended for supporting the healing of sores and wounds because of its benefits to collagen formation and immune function.*
• Some evidence indicates lysine can be beneficial for maintaining healthy gum and lip tissues.*
• Promotes immune health – lysine provides nutritional support to help your body maintain its natural defenses.*
• Skin health – This amino acid is known to promote collagen formation, which in turn benefits the health and elasticity of skin.*
• Bone Health – lysine promotes calcium absorption, which is needed to maintain strong bones and teeth



HERE ARE FOUR IMPRESSIVE HEALTH BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
1. Lysine may protect against and treat cold sores by blocking arginine:
Cold sores, or fever blisters, are symptoms of an infection, often appearing on the lip or the corners of your mouth as fluid-filled blisters that can cause discomfort, such as tingling, pain, and burning.

Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), which can hide nerve cells near the base of your brain.
In times of stress or if your immune system is weakened, HSV-1 can trigger the development of a cold sore.


2. Lysine may reduce anxiety by blocking stress response receptors:
Lysine may play a role in reducing anxiety, though more research is still needed to support this.
One 2003 study found that it blocked receptors involved in stress response.

Researchers observed that rats given lysine had reduced rates of stress-induced loose bowel movements.
Lysine may also be able to help people with schizophrenia, a mental disorder that disrupts an individual’s perception of the outside world, resulting in changes in thought and behavior.


3. Lysine may improve calcium absorption and retention:
Lysine may help your body hold on to calcium by increasing calcium absorption in your gut and helping your kidneys hold on to the mineral.
Your body needs calcium to keep your bones strong, especially as you age.


4. Lysine can promote wound healing by helping create collagen
Lysine can improve wound healing in your body.
Lysine helps you form collagen, a protein that acts as a scaffold and supports and gives structure to skin and bones.
Lysine may also act as a binding agent, increasing the number of new cells in a wound.



HOW TO STORE LYSINE:
Lysine supplements should be stored in a cool, dry place that does not receive direct sunlight.
Be sure to avoid storing your supplements in an area that could become overly hot or cold.
Do not Lysine store In the bathroom.
Discard lysine supplements after one year or as indicated on the packaging.



WHAT IS LYSINE USED FOR?
Lysine is an essential amino acid, a building block of proteins, and is involved in many biological processes in the body.
Essential amino acids are necessary for human health, but are not synthesized in the body and must be obtained from the diet.

Lysine is used to treat cold sores (herpes simplex labialis), increase alkalinity in the body (metabolic alkalosis), improve bone density, and boost athletic performance.

Lysine plays a vital role in many processes including:
*Synthesis of carnitine, a compound that is involved in converting fatty acids into energy
*Absorption of calcium
*Formation of collagen, the protein in bone and connective tissue such as skin, cartilage, and tendons
*Production of antibodies, hormones, and enzymes
*Herpes simplex viral proteins are rich in arginine, another amino acid, which promotes viral replication.
*Lysine inhibits viral replication by blocking the activity of arginine because it uses the same pathways as arginine.
Studies show that regular intake of lysine may prevent cold sore outbreaks, or reduce their frequency and severity, but may not improve the healing of sores.

Lysine lowers the pH levels in the body and restores acid-base balance in metabolic alkalosis.
Some studies suggest lysine may help muscle tissue recovery and some athletes use it as a protein supplement.
Lysine helps calcium absorption, but there aren’t any studies that support its use in preventing bone loss (osteoporosis).

Good dietary sources of lysine include animal products including red meats, pork and poultry, eggs, cheese, and other dairy products, and certain types of fish such as cod and sardine.
Vegetable sources include soy, legumes, spirulina, and fenugreek seeds.
Lysine supplements are available as oral tablets and capsules, and topical formulations.

-Suggested uses of lysine include:
*Herpes simplex labialis caused by the herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1)
*Metabolic alkalosis
*Enhancement of athletic performance



WHAT DOES LYSINE DO?
*Treatment of cold sores:
Cold sores are a symptom of an infection, usually appearing on the lips or corners of the mouth.
They appear as fluid-filled blisters that can cause discomfort, such as tingling, pain, and burning.

Plus, they can make you feel self-conscious about your appearance.
Cold sores are caused by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1).
If you're stressed or your immune system is weakened, HSV-1 can trigger the development of cold sores.

Lysine supplementation can help prevent the HSV-1 virus from reproducing.
It is thought that lysine may block another amino acid called arginine, which HSV-1 needs in order to multiply and thrive.
Some studies suggest that lysine may reduce the duration and frequency of cold sores, however, this evidence is inconsistent.


*Reduce anxiety and stress:
Lysine plays a role in reducing anxiety and stress.
One study showed that lysine blocks receptors involved in the stress response.


*Improve symptoms of schizophrenia:
Lysine may also help people with schizophrenia, a mental disorder that disrupts an individual's perception of the outside world, often resulting in an inability to understand be realistic.

Although research is still in the early stages, there is evidence that lysine can improve symptoms of schizophrenia in conjunction with prescribed medication;


*Improve calcium absorption:
Lysine can help your body keep calcium.
It is believed that lysine increases calcium absorption and helps the kidneys retain the mineral.

A study in 30 women, 15 healthy people, and 15 people with osteoporosis found that calcium and lysine supplements reduced the amount of calcium in the urine; Lysine is responsible for protecting bones and it also plays a role in controlling calcium transport in the body.

Lysine is needed for the formation of collagen, a protein that acts as a scaffold, supporting and giving structure to skin and bones; Lysine itself also acts as a binding agent, increasing the number of new cells at the wound site.
It even promotes the formation of new blood vessels.


*Lowering blood pressure:
A study in 50 adults with lysine deficiency and hypertension found that lysine supplementation significantly reduced blood pressure; Treat diabetes: One study found that lysine may help reduce blood sugar reactivity in people with diabetes.

However, this issue needs to be studied more clearly; Other benefits such as: Promotes healthy skin growth, prevents osteoporosis with calcium supplements, controls blood pressure, treats shingles, prevents plaque buildup in arteries, helps with movement Encourages recovery after intense training



HOW EFFECTIVE IS LYSINE?
Limited studies in client-owned cats have been performed, but there is anecdotal evidence that lysine works to suppress the symptoms of feline herpes virus.



HOW IS LYSINE GIVEN?
Lysine is given by mouth in the form of a powder, crushed tablet, chewable tablet, or paste/gel.
Mix the powder in a small amount of food unless otherwise directed.
This medication can take up to a few weeks before full effects are noted, but gradual improvements are usually noticeable after a few days.



WHAT IF I MISS GIVING MY PET LYSINE?
If you miss a dose, give it when you remember, but if it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and give it at the next scheduled time, and return to the regular dosing schedule.
Never give your pet two doses at once or give extra doses.



FOODS WITH LYSINE:
You can buy lysine supplements, but those with liver or kidney disease should not take them without consulting a doctor.
Pregnant and lactating women should use caution.

Lysine supplements can also interfere with one type of antibiotic (Aminoglycoside).
Another reason to pass on lysine supplements is that taking a single amino acid in supplement form can negatively affect metabolism.

Lysine can also put a burden on the kidneys and affect growth in children.
While there are numerous warnings about taking lysine as a supplement, lysine from food sources is considered safe.
Some people seek out spirulina and fenugreek seeds to boost their lysine intake, but your local supermarket has many sources of lysine, including these:

1. Meat and poultry:
Beef, pork, and poultry are all good sources of lysine.
To promote heart health, most people should choose lean cuts and keep serving sizes small.

2. Cheese:
Almost all cheeses are high in protein and calcium but also high in fat and cholesterol.
The cheese with the most lysine is parmesan.
Just one tablespoon of grated parmesan provides 2 grams of protein and 1 gram of fat.

3. Fish:
Many health experts favor fish as a source of healthy protein.
Cod and sardines are especially high in lysine.

4. Eggs:
Eggs are an inexpensive protein source, although they are high in cholesterol.
The American Heart Association says that most adults can eat an egg a day without harm.

5. Soybeans
Vegans and vegetarians need not worry.
Tofu is a great source of lysine.
If you aren't a tofu fan, you can also get lysine from soy protein and soybean flour.

6. Legumes
Legumes are another protein powerhouse, especially for those on plant-based diets.
Choose from beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, and more.



10 HEALTH BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
Here are the 10 health benefits of lysine.

*Vital for proper growth:
Lysine produces carnitine, a nutrient responsible for converting fatty acids into energy.
Carnitine carries long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria to produce energy and transports the generated toxins outside the cells.

*Lysine promotes wound healing:
Lysine speeds up wound healing and is required for collagen formation—a protein that gives structure to the skin and bones.

*Lysine prevents herpes simplex virus (HSV):
Lysine may help prevent eruptions of cold sores and herpes affecting the genital area.
It has antiviral activity and prevents HSV replication.

*Lysine prevents osteoporosis:
Because lysine helps the body absorb calcium, the amount of calcium lost in urine is minimized.
Absorption of calcium may help prevent bone loss associated with osteoporosis.

*Lysine boosts athletic performance:
Lysine, when taken as a protein supplement, may help athletes’ muscles recover from stress.

*Lysine iIncreases muscle mass:
A study has shown that lysine may help with muscle loss and enhance strength in older women.

*Lysine relieves stress:
Research suggests that consuming wheat with added lysine reduces stress and anxiety.
Lysine may help reduce cortisol levels in women, and in combination with medications, may be beneficial in controlling symptoms of schizophrenia.

*Pain management:
Lysine serves as an anti-inflammatory agent through inhibition of a compound called cyclooxygenase.

*Diabetes management:
Studies have shown that lysine may be beneficial in reducing blood sugar, although there isn’t sufficient evidence to prove this claim.

*Lysine reduces blood pressure:
A study that included 50 adults with lysine deficiency and high blood pressure concluded that lysine supplements reduced blood pressure.



WHY YOU NEED LYSINE:
Since there are 21 different amino acids, tracking how much you are getting of each one would be a difficult task.
If you are getting adequate protein, you are probably getting enough lysine.
Adults need about 7 grams (g) of protein for every 20 pounds of body weight, so a person weighing 160 pounds would need 56g.

Lysine plays several roles in the body, including two very important ones:
*Lysine helps the body create collagen, which is present in bones and connective tissues such as skin and cartilage.
*Lysine produces carnitine, which converts fatty acids into energy in a process that also lowers cholesterol.
*Lysine is sometimes combined with another amino acid, arginine.

Scientists say that the two amino acids use the same pathways in the body.
Therefore, taking arginine might lower your lysine levels.
As an essential amino acid, lysine is important to health.

1. Muscle Strength
Athletes have used some amino acids, including lysine, in supplement form to increase muscular strength.
Research has failed to prove that lysine improves muscle strength more than strength training alone.
One study of older adults showed that taking a combination of three amino acids, including lysine, improved lean body mass.

2. Bone Health
Lysine can help the body absorb calcium, and it can reduce the amount of calcium lost in your urine.
Researchers have theorized that lysine could prevent osteoporosis, but they have found no evidence that this is true.

3. Mouth Health
Lysine supplements have been used as a treatment for cold sores caused by the herpes simplex virus and for canker sores.
Researchers have not found conclusive evidence that lysine is effective for these problems.

4. Anti-anxiety Effects
Some studies have looked at whether supplements of lysine and arginine could reduce anxiety.
In two studies, the subjects showed reduced levels of the stress hormone cortisol.



GOOD SOURCES OF LYSINE:
Lysine is concentrated in a number of plant- and animal-based foods, including:
*Red meat
*Fish
*Pork
*Poultry
*Cheeses, like parmesan
*Eggs
*Milk
*Spirulina
*Brewer’s yeast
*Lentils
*Beans
*Peas
*Soy products like soybeans and tofu
*Fenugreek seed



HOW TO TAKE LYSINE:
Most people get enough lysine through their diet.
However, taking lysine supplements could be helpful for people who don’t eat a lot of lysine-rich foods like meat, fish, eggs, dairy products, and beans or for those who are trying to manage a specific condition.

Lysine supplements are most commonly available as capsules and powders.
You can take lysine on its own or you can take it alongside other amino acids, like arginine.



DOSAGE OF LYSINE:
Most lysine supplements come in tablets that have between 500mg and 1,000mg of lysine per dose.
How much you take and for how long depends on body weight and what condition you’re hoping to help.
Usually, lysine supplements are used in doses up to 3,000mg a day for up to one year.
Lysine has been determined to be likely safe in doses up to 3,000mg a day for up to one year and up to 6,000mg a day for up to eight weeks.



SOURCES OF LYSINE:
Lysine is an amino acid found in various protein foods, so most people can get all the lysine they need through their diet.
Since lysine is so widely available in food, taking a food-first approach to getting enough of it is recommended.
Lysine supplements would only be required if recommended by a healthcare professional due to an underlying health issue.
Some people, like those who follow a vegan diet, may have difficulty getting enough lysine.

Food
The best sources of lysine come from animal foods, but it can also be found in some plant-based proteins.
The best way to ensure you're getting enough lysine in your diet is to eat a variety of protein foods, including both animal and plant sources.
The recommended daily intake for lysine is 35 milligrams per kilogram (kg) of body weight.

Non-vegan food sources of lysine include:
*Meat
*Chicken
*Dairy products
*Eggs
*Fish
*Shrimp
*Shellfish

Vegan food sources of lysine include:
*Beans
*Wheat germ
*Lentils
*Nuts
*Seeds
*Soy
*Spirulina
*Supplements

Lysine supplements are available in various forms, including:
*Capsules
*Chewable
*Powders



OTHER POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
Like all amino acids, Lysine is a building block for protein in your body.
These proteins help produce hormones, immune cells, and enzymes.
Lysine may have several benefits in addition to those discussed earlier.
Here are other areas where lysine may benefit your health:

*Eye health:
A 2022 study found that lysine may help dry eye.

*Diabetes:
One 2017 study showed that lysine may help reduce blood sugar response in people with diabetes.

*Blood pressure:
A study in 50 adults with lysine deficiency and high blood pressure found that lysine supplements significantly reduced blood pressure.
Adequate lysine is essential for maintaining your health, and lysine supplements may benefit certain people and conditions.

*Top food sources and supplements
Lysine is found in foods naturally high in protein, including meat and dairy products, and in smaller amounts in plant foods.



FOOD SOURCES OF LYSINE INCLUDE:
*Meat: beef, chicken, and lamb
*Seafood: mussels, prawns, and oysters
*Fish: salmon, cod, and tuna
*Dairy products: milk, cheese, and yogurt
*Legumes: soy, kidney beans, and chickpeas
*Nuts and seeds: pistachios, pumpkin seeds, and cashews

If you’re prone to cold sores, taking 1 g of lysine daily or using a lysine-containing gel may be worth a try, but remember that it’s best to speak to a healthcare professional first.



BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
Lysine is required for important processes such as:
*Growth
*Tissue repair
*Collagen formation
*Calcium absorption
*Antibody, hormone, and enzyme production
*Most people get plenty of lysine through their diets.
*Some people—like athletes, those who are being treated for extensive burns, and those following a vegan diet—may not take in enough lysine through their diet alone to meet their needs.

Supplementation of lysine might help make up for that.
Plus, some studies suggest that taking lysine in supplement form may benefit certain medical conditions.


-Lysine may Prevent Herpes Flares:
Lysine supplements may benefit people who have recurrent infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV).
To replicate, HSV needs the amino acid arginine.
Lysine blocks HSV from using arginine, which prevents the virus from reproducing.
For this reason, taking high doses of supplemental lysine could help reduce the recurrence of HSV lesions like cold sores and genital sores.


-Lysine might Reduce Anxiety:
When combined with the amino acid arginine, lysine may help improve anxiety symptoms.
This may be because the body requires amino acids like lysine and arginine for the production of neurotransmitters—chemical messengers that allow nerve cells to communicate.
Low amino acid intake could lead to an imbalance in neurotransmitters, which could lead to anxiety.


-Lysine may Prevent Mouth Sores:
Lysine is important to collagen formation.
Collagen may be able to help heal mucosal wounds, which are wounds like sores that affect the moist lining of the inside of your mouth.
Taking lysine supplements can help promote collagen production, in turn, decreasing and preventing sores and inflammation (mucositis) from things like radiation or chemotherapy.


-Lysine may Help Lower Blood Pressure
If your diet is low in lysine, taking a lysine supplement may help reduce blood pressure.


-Lysine might Improve Symptoms of Schizophrenia:
Schizophrenia is a mental health disorder that can cause people to hear voices or see things that aren’t there.
One study showed that when used alongside the schizophrenia medication risperidone, daily supplementation with 6g of lysine (two 1-gram capsules three times a day) for eight weeks led to improvements in schizophrenia symptoms.


-Lysine may Increase Muscle Strength:
Some evidence suggests that lysine-rich diets protect against protein breakdown and improve muscle strength.



BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
As a natural disease-fighting agent, Lysine benefits the human body in a variety of ways, many of which are only recently undergoing research.


1. Supports a Healthy Gut:
An extremely common problem that millions of people have, many of whom aren’t even aware of it, is leaky gut syndrome.

This condition is the permeating of your digestive tract lining, allowing larger-than-intended particles to get out of your digestive system and into the rest of your body.
This causes allergic reactions, low energy, joint pain, autoimmune diseases and thyroid disease.

A form of Lysine known as poly-L-lysine very recently was found to have anti-inflammatory effects on the lining of your gut, hopefully leading to more extensive research on how this amino acid may help improve the health of this lining and possibly prevent leaky gut.

Although not necessarily directly linked to leaky gut syndrome, Lysine has also been found to suppress pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas, another important part of the digestive system.


2. Reduces Diabetes-Related Problems:
One of the most difficult things patients with diabetes experience is an increased risk for infection and other diabetes-related conditions.
In the past several years, much attention has been given in this context to the large presence of advanced glycation end products, referred to as AGEs for short.

These AGEs are part of the aging process in the body in all people, but they’re in very high concentrations in diabetic patients.
They’re implicated in many health conditions linked to diabetes, leading scientists to study therapies that involve stopping AGEs from collecting in large numbers.

Studies suggest that one of the Lysine benefits for diabetics may be to prohibit the formation of AGEs in those with diabetes by preventing specific paths of glycation that lead to these products, helping to stave off infection.
Thus, the addition of L-lysine benefits those following a diabetic diet plan if lysine foods are included.


3. Increases Absorption of Calcium:
Consuming Lysine is associated with better absorption of calcium, which leads some to believe that it can help people with or at risk for osteoporosis.

No studies have been done to date on the link between Lysine and osteoporosis, but because of the important role calcium plays in bone health, logic suggests it may be a beneficial nutrient to supplement those with brittle bones.
In fact, calcium is good for more than just your bones.

Consuming appropriate amounts of calcium is associated with:
*healthy weight
*cancer prevention
*PMS symptom reduction
*dental health
*nerve and muscle health
*the prevention of diabetes
Athletes often take L-lysine as a protein supplement to improve performance.
This, too, may be related to the way L-lysine causes your body to absorb calcium.


4. May Decrease Outbreak and Frequency of Cold Sores:
If you’ve heard of Lysine before, it’s probably in conjunction with a natural cold sore remedy.

Cold sores are a result of the herpes simplex-1 virus, also referred to as HSV-1, and around 67 percent of people under 50 are infected with the virus, even if they never display symptoms.
While research is inconsistent on the subject, most individuals who use Lysine to treat cold sores find it to be very effective.

Some studies support that Lysine can help reduce the number of HSV outbreaks someone has, while others say that outbreaks happen at the same frequency but last a shorter period of time.
Experts generally agree that Lysine is unlikely to completely stop outbreaks altogether but may aid in lessening their severity and/or frequency.

One study using a cream combining Lysine with herbs and zinc found that 87 percent of patients saw their cold sores go away by day six of treatment.
This is significant because these outbreaks usually last about 21 days.

The way this nutrient may fight cold sores is not entirely clear, but one such reason may be the way that it interacts with arginine, another amino acid that’s produced in small amounts within the body.

Arginine has been shown to increase the replication rate of herpes virus cells, and high amounts of Lysine in the body decrease the activity of arginine because they work against one another.


5. Reduces Anxiety and Other Psychological Symptoms:
Along with eating foods high in B vitamins, magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids, you can also try increasing your Lysine intake to minimize anxiety.

Because Lysine may help your body absorb calcium, which is another beneficial nutrient for anxiety sufferers, this may be one of the primary ways in which it helps remedy anxiety.

In addition to helping you absorb calcium more efficiently, Lysine behaves like a serotonin receptor antagonist.
That’s a wordy phrase that means Lysine partially binds to serotonin receptors in order to partially prevent anxiety responses.


6. May Help in the Treatment of Cancer:
Researchers continue to discover more ways that nutrients found in our food and in nature may potentially target malignant cells without killing good ones.
In 2007, scientists at Florida State University studied the effects of “lysine conjugates” on damaged strands of DNA, like the ones found in cancer.

Basically, this substance can locate a damaged strand by identifying “cleavage” in it (a damaged spot) and cause the rest of the strand to cleave (tear apart) as well.

The cell is usually unable to repair this damage, leading to apoptosis, the death of cells.
The more you learn about lysine, the more you realize how fascinating the potential of this treatment is and how it works alongside specific types of light.

The cancer-killing ability of lysine conjugates are only activated when exposed to particular types of light, which allows researchers, and potentially doctors, to inject or place the treatment into the most concentrated location of cancer cells and activate them at their most potentially effective spots.
The scientists conducting the FSU study found results ranging from 25 percent all the way to 90 percent of destroyed cancer cells, which is astounding.



BIOLOGICAL ROLES OF LYSINE:
The most common role for lysine is proteinogenesis.
Lysine frequently plays an important role in protein structure.
Since its side chain contains a positively charged group on one end and a long hydrophobic carbon tail close to the backbone, lysine is considered somewhat amphipathic.

For this reason, lysine can be found buried as well as more commonly in solvent channels and on the exterior of proteins, where it can interact with the aqueous environment.
Lysine can also contribute to protein stability as its ε-amino group often participates in hydrogen bonding, salt bridges and covalent interactions to form a Schiff base.

A second major role of lysine is in epigenetic regulation by means of histone modification.
There are several types of covalent histone modifications, which commonly involve lysine residues found in the protruding tail of histones.

Modifications often include the addition or removal of an acetyl (−CH3CO) forming acetyllysine or reverting to lysine, up to three methyl (−CH3), ubiquitin or a sumo protein group.
The various modifications have downstream effects on gene regulation, in which genes can be activated or repressed.

Lysine has also been implicated to play a key role in other biological processes including; structural proteins of connective tissues, calcium homeostasis, and fatty acid metabolism.
Lysine has been shown to be involved in the crosslinking between the three helical polypeptides in collagen, resulting in its stability and tensile strength.

This mechanism is akin to the role of lysine in bacterial cell walls, in which lysine (and meso-diaminopimelate) are critical to the formation of crosslinks, and therefore, stability of the cell wall.
This concept has previously been explored as a means to circumvent the unwanted release of potentially pathogenic genetically modified bacteria.

It was proposed that an auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli (X1776) could be used for all genetic modification practices, as the strain is unable to survive without the supplementation of DAP, and thus, cannot live outside of a laboratory environment.
Lysine has also been proposed to be involved in calcium intestinal absorption and renal retention, and thus, may play a role in calcium homeostasis.

Finally, lysine has been shown to be a precursor for carnitine, which transports fatty acids to the mitochondria, where they can be oxidised for the release of energy.

Carnitine is synthesised from trimethyllysine, which is a product of the degradation of certain proteins, as such lysine must first be incorporated into proteins and be methylated prior to being converted to carnitine.

However, in mammals the primary source of carnitine is through dietary sources, rather than through lysine conversion.
In opsins like rhodopsin and the visual opsins (encoded by the genes OPN1SW, OPN1MW, and OPN1LW), retinaldehyde forms a Schiff base with a conserved lysine residue, and interaction of light with the retinylidene group causes signal transduction in color vision.



NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LYSINE:
Lysine is an essential amino acid in humans.
The human daily nutritional requirement varies from ~60 mg/kg in infancy to ~30 mg/kg in adults.

This requirement is commonly met in a western society with the intake of lysine from meat and vegetable sources well in excess of the recommended requirement.

In vegetarian diets, the intake of lysine is less due to the limited quantity of lysine in cereal crops compared to meat sources.
Given the limiting concentration of lysine in cereal crops, it has long been speculated that the content of lysine can be increased through genetic modification practices.

Often these practices have involved the intentional dysregulation of the DAP pathway by means of introducing lysine feedback-insensitive orthologues of the DHDPS enzyme.
These methods have met limited success likely due to the toxic side effects of increased free lysine and indirect effects on the TCA cycle.

Plants accumulate lysine and other amino acids in the form of seed storage proteins, found within the seeds of the plant, and this represents the edible component of cereal crops.

This highlights the need to not only increase free lysine, but also direct lysine towards the synthesis of stable seed storage proteins, and subsequently, increase the nutritional value of the consumable component of crops.

While genetic modification practices have met limited success, more traditional selective breeding techniques have allowed for the isolation of "Quality Protein Maize", which has significantly increased levels of lysine and tryptophan, also an essential amino acid.

This increase in lysine content is attributed to an opaque-2 mutation that reduced the transcription of lysine-lacking zein-related seed storage proteins and, as a result, increased the abundance of other proteins that are rich in lysine.

Commonly, to overcome the limiting abundance of lysine in livestock feed, industrially produced lysine is added.
The industrial process includes the fermentative culturing of Corynebacterium glutamicum and the subsequent purification of lysine.



DIETARY SOURCES OF LYSINE:
Good sources of lysine are high-protein foods such as eggs, meat (specifically red meat, lamb, pork, and poultry), soy, beans and peas, cheese (particularly Parmesan), and certain fish (such as cod and sardines).

Lysine is the limiting amino acid (the essential amino acid found in the smallest quantity in the particular foodstuff) in most cereal grains, but is plentiful in most pulses (legumes).
Beans contain the lysine that maize lacks, and in the human archeological record beans and maize often appear together, as in the Three Sisters: beans, maize, and squash.

A food is considered to have sufficient lysine if it has at least 51 mg of lysine per gram of protein (so that the protein is 5.1% lysine).
L-lysine HCl is used as a dietary supplement, providing 80.03% L-lysine.
As such, 1 g of L-lysine is contained in 1.25 g of L-lysine HCl.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
The human body needs lysine for healthy functioning.
Lysine is a crucial component of proteins that play a role in helping body tissue grow and recover from damage.



OTHER BENEFITS OF LYSINE INCLUDE:
*helping the body absorb calcium, iron, and zinc
*promoting collagen growth
*helping produce enzymes, antibodies, and hormones
*supporting the immune system

When people do not get enough lysine, they may experience the following symptoms:
*fatigue
*poor concentration
*irritability
*nausea
*red eyes
*hair loss
*anorexia
*inhibited growth
*anemia
*problems with the reproductive system



HEALTH BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
*Treating herpes
Lysine might help control the herpes virus.
As a result, lysine supplements may reduce the number and frequency of cold sore outbreaks, for which the herpes simplex type 1 virus is responsible.

Lysine can also help with the treatment of genital herpes.
Some sources recommend that people with a history of herpes infections take at least 1,000 milligrams (mg) of lysine supplements a day.
Smaller amounts than this were found to be ineffective.


*Lowering blood pressure
According to one small-scale study, lysine can help reduce high blood pressure in people whose dietary intake of this amino acid is insufficient.
However, more research is necessary before experts can determine whether or not lysine is an effective treatment for high blood pressure.


*Treating diabetes
The results of a small study on 12 healthy volunteers suggest that lysine can slow the rise in blood glucose levels after eating.
This discovery could lead to effective treatments for people with diabetes, but there is still a need for more research.



SOURCES OF LYSINE:
Lysine is present in many different foods.
The primary sources are animal products, such as meat and dairy products.
For vegetarians and vegans, legumes and wheat germ are good sources of this amino acid.

The following foods will help people meet their daily recommended intake of lysine:
*red meat
*chicken
*eggs
*fish, such as cod or sardines
*beans
*lentils
*Parmesan
*cottage cheese
*wheat germ
*nuts
*soybeans
*brewer’s yeast
*spirulina, a type of algae that manufacturers compress and sell in tablet or powder form
Most people, including vegetarians, get enough lysine from their usual diet and do not need to take supplements.



BENEFITS OF LYSINE:
Due to the functions that lysine supports in the body, researchers are interested in the potential of lysine supplements for:
*preventing loss of lean muscle mass and mobility issues in older adults
*relieving anxiety
*preventing bone loss and osteoporosis by helping the body absorb calcium
*promoting the healthy growth of skin
*treating shingles
*moderating blood pressure
*preventing plaque buildup in arteries
*supporting hair growth
*building muscle in bodybuilders
*helping athletes recover from intense workouts



BIOSYNTHESIS OF LYSINE:
Two pathways have been identified in nature for the synthesis of lysine.
The diaminopimelate (DAP) pathway belongs to the aspartate derived biosynthetic family, which is also involved in the synthesis of threonine, methionine and isoleucine, whereas the α-aminoadipate (AAA) pathway is part of the glutamate biosynthetic family.


DAP PATHWAY OF LYSINE:
The DAP pathway is found in both prokaryotes and plants and begins with the dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS) (E.C 4.3.3.7) catalysed condensation reaction between the aspartate derived, L-aspartate semialdehyde, and pyruvate to form (4S)-4-hydroxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(2S)-dipicolinic acid (HTPA).
The product is then reduced by dihydrodipicolinate reductase (DHDPR) (E.C 1.3.1.26), with NAD(P)H as a proton donor, to yield 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrodipicolinate (THDP).

From this point on, four pathway variations have been found, namely the acetylase, aminotransferase, dehydrogenase, and succinylase pathways.
Both the acetylase and succinylase variant pathways use four enzyme catalysed steps, the aminotransferase pathway uses two enzymes, and the dehydrogenase pathway uses a single enzyme.

These four variant pathways converge at the formation of the penultimate product, meso‑diaminopimelate, which is subsequently enzymatically decarboxylated in an irreversible reaction catalysed by diaminopimelate decarboxylase (DAPDC) to produce L-lysine.

The DAP pathway is regulated at multiple levels, including upstream at the enzymes involved in aspartate processing as well as at the initial DHDPS catalysed condensation step.
Lysine imparts a strong negative feedback loop on these enzymes and, subsequently, regulates the entire pathway.


CATABOLISM OF LYSINE:
As with all amino acids, catabolism of lysine is initiated from the uptake of dietary lysine or from the breakdown of intracellular protein.
Catabolism is also used as a means to control the intracellular concentration of free lysine and maintain a steady-state to prevent the toxic effects of excessive free lysine.

There are several pathways involved in lysine catabolism but the most commonly used is the saccharopine pathway, which primarily takes place in the liver (and equivalent organs) in animals, specifically within the mitochondria.
This is the reverse of the previously described AAA pathway.

In animals and plants, the first two steps of the saccharopine pathway are catalysed by the bifunctional enzyme, α-aminoadipic semialdehyde synthase (AASS), which possess both lysine-ketoglutarate reductase (LKR) and SDH activities, whereas in other organisms, such as bacteria and fungi, both of these enzymes are encoded by separate genes.

The first step involves the LKR catalysed reduction of L-lysine in the presence of α-ketoglutarate to produce saccharopine, with NAD(P)H acting as a proton donor.
Saccharopine then undergoes a dehydration reaction, catalysed by SDH in the presence of NAD+, to produce AAS and glutamate.

AAS dehydrogenase (AASD) (E.C 1.2.1.31) then further dehydrates the molecule into AAA.
Subsequently, PLP-AT catalyses the reverse reaction to that of the AAA biosynthesis pathway, resulting in AAA being converted to α-ketoadipate.
The product, α‑ketoadipate, is decarboxylated in the presence of NAD+ and coenzyme A to yield glutaryl-CoA, however the enzyme involved in this is yet to be fully elucidated.

Some evidence suggests that the 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase complex (OADHc), which is structurally homologous to the E1 subunit of the oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (OGDHc) (E.C 1.2.4.2), is responsible for the decarboxylation reaction.
Finally, glutaryl-CoA is oxidatively decarboxylated to crotonyl-CoA by glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (E.C 1.3.8.6), which goes on to be further processed through multiple enzymatic steps to yield acetyl-CoA; an essential carbon metabolite involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LYSINE:
Molecular formula: C6H14N2O2
Molecular mass: 146.19 g/mol
Appearance: Solid, colorless nail-shaped or hexagonal particles
Melting point: 224–225 °C
Physical state: Solid
Color: Colorless, light yellow, light green
Odor: Not available
Melting point/freezing point: 215 °C - Decomposes on heating
Initial boiling point and boiling range: Not available

Flammability (solid, gas): Not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: Not available
Decomposition temperature: Not available
pH: Not available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: Not available
Dynamic viscosity: Not available
Water solubility: Not available
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): Not available

Vapor pressure: Not available
Density: Not available
Relative density: Not available
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: Not available
Explosive properties: Not available
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: Not available
Molecular Weight: 146.19 g/mol
XLogP3: -3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 5

Exact Mass: 146.105527694 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.105527694 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 89.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 106
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of LYSINE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LYSINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LYSINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LYSINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LYSINE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
strongly hygroscopic



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LYSINE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available

Lysine Monohydrochloride is kind of white powder.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is the necessary amino acid for the animal but which can not be synthesized by themselves.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is a kind of feed additive which is made from corn starch and other raw materials.


CAS Number: 657-27-2
EC Number: 211-519-9
MDL number: MFCD00064564
Linear Formula: H2N(CH2)4CH(NH2)CO2H·HCl
Molecular Formula: C6H15ClN2O2



(S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride, DL-Lysine monohydrochloride, 70-53-1, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, DL-LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE, 22834-80-6, Lysine hydrochloride, DL-, DL-Lysine, monohydrochloride, Lysine, hydrochloride (1:1), Lysine monohydrochloride, DL-lysine xhydrochloride, L-Lysine-2-13C hydrochloride, NSC9253, MFCD00064563, NSC-46705, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid,hydrochloride, 81478P92RJ, Lysine, monohydrochloride, C6H15ClN2O2, Enisyl, L-LYSINE-13C6 HCL 98 ATOM% 13C 95% CHE&, L-Lysine-6-13C hydrochloride, 1J3H6DC5PT, Lysine dihydrochloride, DL-, D-Lysine, hydrochloride, L-Lysine, hydrochloride, (2S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid,hydrochloride, 117614-94-5, Lysine monohydrochloride, dl-, DL-Lysine hydrochloride (VAN), UNII-81478P92RJ, NSC-206291, EINECS 200-739-0, NSC 46705, DL-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, AI3-18306, DL-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride, UNII-1J3H6DC5PT, EC 200-739-0, LYSINE, (L), SCHEMBL41760, WLN: Z4YZVQ &GH –L, WLN: Z4YZVQ &QH –D, BVHLGVCQOALMSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DTXSID601014484, LYSINE, DL-, HYDROCHLORIDE, NSC46705, 2,3-Dihydro-5-benzofuranaceticAcid, EINECS 210-523-8, AC7885, NSC206291, AKOS015847946, HY-W027251, 2,6-Diamino-hexanoic acid, hydrochloride, AS-13498, SY007003, AM20100661, CS-0071275, FT-0625536, FT-0627946, FT-0628058, FT-0657912, FT-0658876, L0070, DL-Lysine monohydrochloride, >=98% (HPLC), EN300-17974, D06469, A816381, Q-201027, Q27269206, F2191-0219, 2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid Hydrochloride, l-lysine hydrochloride, l-lysine monohydrochloride, lysine hydrochloride, h-lys-oh.hcl, l-lysine, monohydrochloride, lyamine, darvyl, lysion, s-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, enisyl DL-Lysine monohydrochloride, H-DL-Lys-OH.HCl, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, 2,6-diaminohexanoic acid,hydrochloride, DL-LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE, Dl-lysine monoHCl, lysine hydrochloride, Lysine, hydrochloride(1:1), L-lysine monohydrochloride ((S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride, amino acid), Lysine Hydrochloride,(S)-(+)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride,L-Lysine monohydrochloride,L-Lysine monohydrocholoride,L-Lysine Hydrochloride,(S)-(+)-Lysine monohydrochloride,(S)-(+)-2,6-Diaminocaproic acid monohydrochloride,H-Lys-OH.HCl L-(+)-Lysine Monohydrochloride, H-Lys-OH・HCl, L(+)-Lysine Hydrochloride, L-LYSINE HCL, L-LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE, LYSINE HCL, LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE, LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE, L-Lysine HCl USP,monohydrochloride, l-lysin, L-LYS HCL, L-LYSINE, HYDROCHLORIDE USP,L-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride, (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid,hydrochloride, L-Lysine HCl, L-Lysine hydrochloride, L-Lysine monohydrocholoride, L-Lysine monohydrochloride, L-Lysine, hydrochloride(1:?), L-Lysine, monohydrochloride, lysine hydrochloride, POLY-L-LYSINE HYDROCHLORIDE,L-Lysine, hydrochloride (1:1), Lysine, monohydrochloride, L-, L-Lysine, monohydrochloride, Darvyl, Lyamine, Lysine monohydrochloride, Lysine hydrochloride, L-Lysine hydrochloride, L-Gen, Lysion, NSC 9253, L-(+)-Lysine monohydrochloride, Relys, Bovi-Lysine, L-Lysine monohydrochloride, L 5626, (2S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, L-Lysine Monohydrochloride, Darvyl, L-(+)-Lysine Monohydrochloride, L-Gen, Lyamine, (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic Acid Hydrochloride, Lysine Hydrochloride, Lysine Monohydrochloride, Lysion, NSC 9253, Relys, (USP), (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, (2S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride, (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, (S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride, anhydrous L-lysine monohydrochloride, EINECS 211-519-9, L-Lysine,hydrochloride (1:1),Lysine,monohydrochloride, L-,L-Lysine,monohydrochloride, Darvyl, Lyamine, Lysine monohydrochloride,Lysine hydrochloride, L-Lysine hydrochloride, L-Gen,Lysion,NSC 9253,L-(+)-Lysine monohydrochloride, Relys, Bovi-Lysine, L-Lysine monohydrochloride, L 5626,(2S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride,(S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride, 305-76-0,93394-22-0, L-Lysine monohydrochloride, L(+)-LYS hydrochloride, L(+)-2,6-Diaminocaproic acid hydrochloride, L(+)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride



Lysine Monohydrochloride is a key amino acid in calcium absorption.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid that occurs naturally in the human body.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, increasing calcium absorption, reducing diabetes-related illnesses and improving gut health.


Lysine Monohydrochloride, meeting the standards of FCCIV, stands as an essential amino acid indispensable in various biochemical pathways.
This meticulously crafted compound, whether in the form of white crystals or fine powder, embodies pharmaceutical-grade purity, ensuring optimal efficacy and safety across diverse applications.


Its multifaceted properties contribute significantly to several physiological functions, making Lysine Monohydrochloride a fundamental component in numerous industries.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, increasing calcium absorption, reducing diabetes-related illnesses and improving gut health.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is kind of white powder.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is the necessary amino acid for the animal but which can not be synthesized by themselves.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is a kind of feed additive which is made from corn starch and other raw materials.


The producing of Lysine Monohydrochloride depends on bioengineering principle through the processing of liquid deep-level fermentation and refining.
Lysine Monohydrochloride contains a wealth of nutritional amino acid, protein, vitamins, betaine and protein meal.
Lysine Monohydrochloride also contains a large number of inorganic salts which can make the animals to largely assimilate and metabolize protein in the feed, and can intensify and increase the nutrition in the feed, as well as promote digestion and assimilation.


At the same time, Lysine Monohydrochloride has the features of promoting animals' growth rate, and strengthening abilities of anti-illness.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid for the human body.
Lysine Monohydrochloride can enhance hematopoietic function, enhance gastric juice secretion, increase protein utilization, increase disease resistance, maintain metabolic balance, and promote the physical and intellectual development of children.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, increasing calcium absorption, reducing diabetes-related illnesses and improving gut health.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is a white or nearly white, practically odorless, free-flowing, crys talline powder.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is freely soluble in water, but is almost insoluble in alcohol and in ether.
Lysine Monohydrochloride melts at about 260°C with decomposition.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is a white crystalline powder


Lysine Monohydrochloride is a hydrochloride salt of L-lysine.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is often added to animal feed.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of L-lysine.


Lysine Monohydrochloride contains a L-lysine.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is a kind of amino acid, that can not be compounded in the animal body.
Lysine Monohydrochloride plays an important role in metabolism.


Lysine Monohydrochloride has the function of increasing the practical utilities of feed, improving the meat quality, and promoting the growth of animals.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is especially useful for rumen animals such as milk cattle, meat cattle, sheep, and so on.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is a kind of good feed additive for ruminants.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is one of the essential amino acids for humans and mammals.
The body cannot synthesize by itself and must be supplemented by food.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is mainly found in animal foods and legumes.


The content of Lysine Monohydrochloride in cereals is very low.
Lysine Monohydrochloride has positive nutritional significance in promoting human growth and development, enhancing immunity, anti-virus, promoting fat oxidation, relieving anxiety, etc.


Lysine Monohydrochloride can also promote the absorption of certain nutrients, which can interact with some.
The synergistic effect of nutrients can better exert the physiological functions of various nutrients. ​​​​​​​
Lysine Monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid occurring in animals and humans.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is required for proper growth and protein synthesis in the body, and has an established role in lowering the cholesterol level by producing carnitine.
Lysine Monohydrochloride aids in calcium, zinc and iron absorption.


Athletes take Lysine Monohydrochloride as a supplement for lean mass building and for proper muscle and bone health.
Lysine Monohydrochloride competes with arginine during viral replication and reduces herpes simplex virus infection.
Lysine Monohydrochloride supplementation reduces chronic anxiety in human and reduces viscosity of serum albumin solution for injections.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is an alpha-amino acid salt that is essential in humans.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is an amino acid and protein building block.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is a lysine derivative.



USES and APPLICATIONS of LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
Lysine Monohydrochloride finds extensive utility across multiple sectors.
In pharmaceuticals, Lysine Monohydrochloride aids in tissue repair and supports the immune system due to its involvement in protein synthesis.
Animal feed utilizes Lysine Monohydrochloride's benefits for enhanced growth and development in livestock.


Additionally, the food industry leverages Lysine Monohydrochloride's properties as a food additive for nutritional fortification.
Moreover, in cosmetics, Lysine Monohydrochloride contributes to skincare formulations, aiding in collagen synthesis and skin rejuvenation.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is also present in various food sources, including red meat, dairy products, eggs, and legumes.


In the pharmaceutical and food industries, Lysine Monohydrochloride is extensively utilized as a nutritional supplement and as an additive in animal feeds.
Moreover, Lysine Monohydrochloride finds application in research and laboratory experiments aimed at investigating the biochemical and physiological effects of the compound.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used for biochemistry.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is believed to interact with cell receptors and enzymes within the body, thereby potentially influencing biochemical and physiological processes.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used as a component in pre-fixative solution for electron microscopy.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is used as a component in blocking solution for immunohistochemistry(IHC).
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the preparation of Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative for IHC.
Uses of Lysine Monohydrochloride: amino acid, nutrient


Lysine Monohydrochloride is widely used as nutritional supplements in food and beverage industries.
Lysine Monohydrochloride can also be used in animal feed as source of L-Lysine.?
Lysine Monohydrochloride can be used in a wide variety of industries including: food production, beverage, pharmaceutical, agriculture/animal feed, and various other industries.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, air care products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases, perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes and cosmetics and personal care products.


Other release to the environment of Lysine Monohydrochloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Other release to the environment of Lysine Monohydrochloride is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
Lysine Monohydrochloride is intended to be released from scented: clothes, paper products and CDs.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, cosmetics and personal care products, adhesives and sealants, air care products, anti-freeze products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, fertilisers, leather treatment products, lubricants and greases, plant protection products, photo-chemicals and polishes and waxes.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Other release to the environment of Lysine Monohydrochloride is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the following products: fertilisers.


Release to the environment of Lysine Monohydrochloride can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, laboratory chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal care products, coating products, perfumes and fragrances and polishes and waxes.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging, scientific research and development, health services and mining.


Lysine Monohydrochloride is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of Lysine Monohydrochloride can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Lysine Monohydrochloride can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the biomanufacturing of recombinant proteins and monoclonal antibodies and is an important constituent in cell culture media.


Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Lysine Monohydrochloride has been used as a component in pre-fixative solution for electron microscopyas a component in blocking solution for immunohistochemistry(IHC)in the preparation of Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative for IHC.



APPLICATION/FEATURES OF LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
*Lysine Monohydrochloride is used as a component in pre-fixative solution for electron microscopy
*Lysine Monohydrochloride is used as a component in blocking solution for immunohistochemistry (IHC)
*Lysine Monohydrochloride is used in the preparation of Periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde (PLP) fixative for IHC



STRUCTURE OF LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
The chemical name of Lysine Monohydrochloride.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is a basic essential amino acid.
Because the content of lysine in cereal food is very low, and Lysine Monohydrochloride is easily destroyed and lacking during processing, it is called the first limiting amino acid.



KEY FEATURES OF LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
*Essential Amino Acid: Crucial for protein synthesis and tissue repair.
*Pharmaceutical Grade: Complies with stringent FCCIV standards for exceptional quality.
*Versatile Utility: Integral in pharmaceuticals, animal feed, food, and cosmetic industries.



BIOCHEM/PHYSIOL ACTIONS OF LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
Lysine Monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid in animals and humans.
Lysine Monohydrochloride is necessary for protein synthesis in the body and proper growth. L-lysine lowers the cholesterol level by producing carnitine.
Lysine Monohydrochloride aids in calcium, zinc and iron absorption.
Athletes take Lysine Monohydrochloride as a supplement for lean mass building and for proper muscle and bone health.
Lysine Monohydrochloride competes with arginine during viral replication and reduces herpes simplex virus infection.
Lysine Monohydrochloride supplementation reduces chronic anxiety in human.
Lysine Monohydrochloride reduces viscosity of serum albumin solution for injections.



SYNTHESIS OF LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
Lysine Monohydrochloride can be synthesisied by microbial fermentation to give crude L-Lysine , and then purified and synthesized by crystallization in hydrochloric acid.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
CAS Number: 657-27-2
Molecular Weight: 182.65
Beilstein: 3563889
EC Number: 211-519-9
MDL number: MFCD00064564
Molecular Weight: 182.65 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 182.0822054 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 182.0822054 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 89.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 106
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 263 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 262 °C
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: does not ignite
Decomposition temperature > 262 °C -
pH: 5,0 - 6 at 91,3 g/l at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 500 g/l at 20 °C completely soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: log Pow: < -3,3 at 24 °C
Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,28 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: 1,28 at 20 °C

Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension 74 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
CAS number: 657-27-2
EC number: 211-519-9
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₅ClN₂O₂
Molar Mass: 182.64g/mol
HS Code: 2922 41 00
Density: 1.28 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 262 °C
pH value: 5.5 - 6.0 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
vapor pressure: bulk density: 360 kg/m3
solubility: 420g/l
Appearance :Crystalline powder

Physical State :Solid
Storage :Store at room temperature
Formula:C6H14N2O2.ClH
InChI:InChI=1S/C6H14N2O2.ClH/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(9)10;/h5H,1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,10);1H/t5-;/m0./s1
InChI key:InChIKey=BVHLGVCQOALMSV-JEDNCBNOSA-N
SMILES:Cl.O=C(O)C(N)CCCCN
Melting Point: 263.0°C to 264.0°C
Color: White
Foreign Amino Acids: 0.5% max. (TLC, 50μgspotting)
Heavy Metals (as Pb): 15ppm max.
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: H2N(CH2)4CH(NH2)CO2H·HCl
Iron (Fe): 30ppm max.
Loss on Drying: 0.4% max. (105°C, 3 hrs)
Merck Index: 15, 5697

Solubility Information:
Solubility in water: 65 g/100 mL (20°C).
IUPAC Name: (2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;hydrochloride
Specific Rotation: + 21.00
Sulfate: 300ppm max.
Formula Weight: 182.65
Percent Purity: ≥99%
Sulfated Ash: 0.1% max.
Specific Rotation Condition: +21° (20°C c=8,6N HCl)
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder or Crystals
Chemical Name or Material: L(+)-Lysine monohydrochloride
Melting point: 263 °C (dec.)(lit.)
alpha: 21 º (c=8, 6N HCl)
Density: 1.28 g/cm3 (20℃)
vapor pressure: FEMA: 3847 | L-LYSINE
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 100 mg/mL

form: powder
color: White to Off-white
PH: 5.5-6.0 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: odorless
optical activity: [α]20/D +20.5±0.5°, c = 5% in 5 M HCl
Water Solubility: 65 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
λmax:
λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.1
Merck: 14,5636
BRN: 3563889
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
LogP: -1.036 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 657-27-2(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA 21 CFR: 310.545

EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: JNJ23Q2COM
EPA Substance Registry System: Lysine hydrochloride (657-27-2)
Molecular Weight： 182.64800
Exact Mass： 182.08200
EC Number： 228-160-9
HScode： 29224100
PSA： 89.34000
XLogP3： 1.72990
Appearance： White crystalline powder
Density： 1.28 g/cm3 (20℃)
Melting Point： 251-253 °C
Boiling Point： 311.5ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point： 142.2ºC
Water Solubility： H2O: 65 g/100 mL (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions： 2-8ºC
Vapor Pressure：


FIRST AID MEASURES of LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of LYSINE MONOHYDROCHLORIDE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

Lysine monohydrochloride, as you provided, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H15ClN2O2.
Lysine monohydrochloride is a salt formed by the combination of the amino acid lysine with hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Lysine monohydrochloride is often used in various applications, including as a nutritional supplement in animal feeds and in pharmaceutical formulations.
Lysine monohydrochloride plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and is an essential amino acid for humans and animals, meaning it must be obtained through diet since the body cannot synthesize it on its own.

CAS Number: 657-27-2
EC Number: 211-518-3



APPLICATIONS


Lysine monohydrochloride is primarily used as a nutritional supplement in animal feeds to enhance the protein content and promote animal growth.
Lysine monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid for livestock and poultry, and its supplementation helps improve feed efficiency and overall health.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Lysine monohydrochloride is used as an ingredient in the formulation of various medications and supplements.

Lysine monohydrochloride is employed in the production of lysine-containing dietary supplements and multivitamins for humans.
Lysine monohydrochloride is used to treat lysine deficiency, a condition that can result in growth and health issues in both animals and humans.

Lysine monohydrochloride is a vital component of cell culture media in biotechnology and pharmaceutical research, where it supports cell growth and protein production.
In the food and beverage industry, Lysine monohydrochloride is used as a flavor enhancer and nutritional additive.
Lysine monohydrochloride is commonly found in processed meats, dairy products, and protein-rich supplements.

Lysine monohydrochloride plays a role in the formulation of cosmetics and personal care products due to its skin-conditioning properties.
Lysine monohydrochloride aids in collagen production and contributes to skin repair and overall skin health.

In the agriculture sector, Lysine monohydrochloride is used as a foliar spray to correct nutrient deficiencies in plants.
Lysine monohydrochloride can enhance plant growth and improve crop yields.
Lysine monohydrochloride is utilized in aquaculture to supplement the diets of fish and crustaceans, promoting their growth and health.

Lysine monohydrochloride is an important ingredient in pet food formulations to meet the amino acid requirements of dogs and cats.
Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the brewing industry to promote yeast fermentation during beer production.

Lysine monohydrochloride can be added to poultry vaccines to enhance their efficacy.
Lysine monohydrochloride is employed in the preparation of stable isotopic labeling reagents for mass spectrometry analysis in proteomics research.
Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the textile industry for dye fixing and color improvement in fabrics.

Lysine monohydrochloride is a component of hair care products to strengthen hair and improve its texture.
Lysine monohydrochloride plays a role in the production of specialty fertilizers for agriculture and horticulture.
In the pharmaceutical sector, Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the synthesis of various medications, including antiviral drugs.

Lysine monohydrochloride is utilized in the manufacture of nutritional drinks and protein shakes for athletes and fitness enthusiasts.
Lysine monohydrochloride can be added to animal drinking water to ensure proper lysine intake.
In the cosmetics industry, it is found in skin creams and lotions designed to promote skin health.
Overall, Lysine monohydrochloride has a wide range of applications across various industries, contributing to the well-being of animals, humans, and plants.

Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the production of amino acid formulations for parenteral nutrition, providing essential nutrients to patients who cannot consume food orally.
Lysine monohydrochloride is a critical component in the synthesis of lysine-rich animal and fish feeds, contributing to the aquaculture and livestock industries.
Lysine monohydrochloride is utilized in the manufacture of amino acid-based animal vaccines to enhance immune responses.

Lysine monohydrochloride plays a role in the preparation of animal health supplements, ensuring optimal lysine intake for pets and farm animals.
In the poultry industry, it is added to broiler feeds to promote rapid growth and improved meat quality.
Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the production of pet food to meet the nutritional requirements of dogs, cats, and other companion animals.

In laboratory research, it serves as a standard reference material for amino acid analysis and chromatography.
Lysine monohydrochloride is employed in the production of lysine-enriched dairy products like yogurt and cheese, enhancing their nutritional value.
Lysine monohydrochloride can be found in dietary supplements designed to support muscle growth and recovery in athletes and bodybuilders.
Lysine monohydrochloride is added to cereal-based products to increase their protein content and nutritional value.

In the pharmaceutical industry, it is used to formulate medications for treating herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections.
Lysine monohydrochloride is essential in the production of lysine fortifiers for various food products, ensuring adequate amino acid content.
Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the production of lysine-containing hair care products to improve hair strength and texture.
In the manufacturing of biodegradable plastics, it serves as a precursor for lysine-based polymers.
Lysine monohydrochloride can be used as a chelating agent in analytical chemistry and metal ion detection methods.

Lysine monohydrochloride is employed in the textile industry to enhance the colorfastness of dyed fabrics.
Lysine monohydrochloride plays a role in the production of specialty animal feeds for exotic and zoo animals, ensuring their nutritional needs are met.
Lysine monohydrochloride is added to beverages like protein shakes and energy drinks to enhance their amino acid content.

Lysine monohydrochloride is used as an ingredient in skin creams and serums to improve skin hydration and texture.
In the brewing industry, it can be added to yeast nutrients to promote yeast health and fermentation during beer production.
Lysine monohydrochloride is utilized in the preparation of lysine supplements for individuals with dietary restrictions or lysine-deficient diets.
Lysine monohydrochloride can be used as a nutritional fortifier in infant formula and baby food products.

In the fish farming industry, it is included in fish feeds to support growth and overall health.
Lysine monohydrochloride is an essential component in the production of lysine-enriched soybean meal for animal nutrition.
Overall, Lysine monohydrochloride continues to have a significant impact on various industries, contributing to improved nutrition, animal health, and product quality.


Lysine monohydrochloride, often referred to as lysine HCl, is a versatile compound with several important applications across various industries.
Some of its key applications include:

Animal Nutrition:
Lysine monohydrochloride is primarily used as a nutritional supplement in animal feeds, especially for poultry, swine, and aquaculture.
Lysine monohydrochloride helps improve the protein content of the feed and supports animal growth and development.

Pharmaceuticals:
Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an ingredient in the formulation of medications and supplements.
Lysine monohydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans, and its supplementation can be important in certain therapeutic contexts.

Cell Culture:
Lysine monohydrochloride is utilized in cell culture media for biotechnology and pharmaceutical research.
Lysine monohydrochloride promotes cell growth and protein production, making it crucial for cell culture applications.

Food and Beverage:
In the food industry, it is used as a flavor enhancer and nutritional additive.
Lysine monohydrochloride can be found in various food products, including processed meats, dairy items, and protein supplements.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:
Due to its skin-conditioning properties, lysine monohydrochloride is used in the formulation of cosmetics, skincare products, and hair care products to improve skin and hair health.

Agriculture:
Lysine monohydrochloride is used as a foliar spray in agriculture to correct nutrient deficiencies in plants, enhancing plant growth and crop yields.

Brewing:
In the brewing industry, lysine monohydrochloride is sometimes added to yeast nutrients to promote yeast fermentation during beer production.

Animal Health:
Lysine monohydrochloride is employed in the preparation of animal health supplements, ensuring optimal lysine intake for pets and farm animals.

Laboratory Research:
Lysine monohydrochloride serves as a standard reference material for amino acid analysis and chromatography in research laboratories.

Aquaculture:
Lysine monohydrochloride is added to fish and crustacean feeds in aquaculture to promote growth and overall health in aquatic species.

Pet Food:
Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the production of pet food to meet the nutritional requirements of dogs, cats, and other companion animals.

Baking:
In the baking industry, it can be added to cereal-based products to increase their protein content and nutritional value.

Biodegradable Plastics:
Lysine monohydrochloride serves as a precursor for lysine-based polymers used in the production of biodegradable plastics.

Chelating Agent:
Lysine monohydrochloride can be used as a chelating agent in analytical chemistry and metal ion detection methods.

Textiles:
Lysine monohydrochloride is employed in the textile industry to improve the colorfastness of dyed fabrics.



DESCRIPTION


Lysine monohydrochloride, as you provided, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H15ClN2O2.
Lysine monohydrochloride is a salt formed by the combination of the amino acid lysine with hydrochloric acid (HCl).
Lysine monohydrochloride is often used in various applications, including as a nutritional supplement in animal feeds and in pharmaceutical formulations.
Lysine monohydrochloride plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and is an essential amino acid for humans and animals, meaning it must be obtained through diet since the body cannot synthesize it on its own.

Lysine monohydrochloride is a crystalline, white to off-white powder.
Lysine monohydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of the essential amino acid lysine.
The molecular formula of Lysine monohydrochloride is C6H15ClN2O2.

Lysine monohydrochloride has a molecular weight of approximately 182.65 g/mol.
Lysine monohydrochloride is highly soluble in water, making it easy to incorporate into various formulations.
Lysine monohydrochloride is odorless and has a slightly sweet taste.
Lysine monohydrochloride is one of the nine essential amino acids that the human body needs for various physiological functions.
Lysine monohydrochloride plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and is involved in the formation of collagen, enzymes, and other important biomolecules.

Lysine monohydrochloride is often used as a nutritional supplement in animal feeds to improve the protein content and overall health of livestock and poultry.
Lysine monohydrochloride is a vital nutrient for the growth and development of animals and helps optimize their feed conversion rates.
In the pharmaceutical industry, Lysine monohydrochloride is used in the formulation of various medications and supplements.

Lysine monohydrochloride is employed in the production of lysine-containing supplements and multivitamins for humans.
Lysine monohydrochloride can be used to treat lysine deficiency, which can lead to various health issues in animals and humans.
Lysine monohydrochloride is considered safe for consumption when used as directed in dietary supplements and pharmaceuticals.

Lysine monohydrochloride is an important component in cell culture media for the cultivation of mammalian cells and viruses.
Lysine monohydrochloride helps enhance cell growth and protein production in biotechnology and pharmaceutical research.
Lysine monohydrochloride is widely utilized in the food and beverage industry as a flavor enhancer and nutritional additive.
Lysine monohydrochloride can be found in various food products, including processed meats, dairy, and protein-rich supplements.

Lysine monohydrochloride is utilized in cosmetics and personal care products for its skin conditioning properties.
Lysine monohydrochloride aids in collagen production and skin repair, contributing to its use in skincare formulations.
In agriculture, Lysine monohydrochloride is used as a foliar spray to correct nutrient deficiencies in plants.

Lysine monohydrochloride can improve the nutritional content of animal and plant-based feeds.
Lysine monohydrochloride is essential for the maintenance of healthy skin, hair, and connective tissues.
Lysine deficiency can result in impaired growth, anemia, and weakened immune function.
Overall, Lysine monohydrochloride plays a crucial role in various industries, contributing to the health and well-being of humans, animals, and plants.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C6H15ClN2O2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 182.65 g/mol
Physical State: White to off-white crystalline powder
Odor: Odorless
Taste: Slightly sweet
Solubility: Highly soluble in water; slightly soluble in ethanol; practically insoluble in ether
Melting Point: Approximately 255-263°C (491-505°F) (decomposes)
Density: Approximately 1.4 g/cm³
pKa (Lysine Amino Group): ~10.5 (basic)
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: Lysine monohydrochloride is an amino acid compound, specifically the hydrochloride salt of lysine.
Solubility in Water: Highly soluble, forming a clear and colorless solution.
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) Content: Contains one molecule of hydrochloric acid per lysine molecule.
Isomerism: Lysine exists in two enantiomeric forms, L-lysine (the biologically active form) and D-lysine.
pH: When dissolved in water, Lysine monohydrochloride imparts a slightly basic pH to the solution.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If Lysine monohydrochloride dust is inhaled and respiratory distress or irritation occurs, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
Provide artificial respiration if the person is not breathing and seek immediate medical attention.
If breathing difficulties persist, administer oxygen if trained to do so and if available.


Skin Contact:

In case of skin contact with Lysine monohydrochloride, immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin area gently but thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
Seek medical attention if skin irritation, redness, or chemical burns develop.
Cover the affected area with a sterile bandage or dressing if necessary to prevent contamination.


Eye Contact:

If Lysine monohydrochloride comes into contact with the eyes, immediately rinse the affected eye(s) with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing of the eye.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do so after the initial rinse.
Seek immediate medical attention from an eye specialist (ophthalmologist).
Continue rinsing the eye(s) with water while awaiting medical help.
Do not delay seeking medical attention, as eye injuries can worsen over time.


Ingestion:

If Lysine monohydrochloride is ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and encourage the affected person to drink water or milk.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.
Provide medical professionals with information about the chemical ingested, its concentration, and the circumstances of ingestion.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Protective Equipment:
When handling Lysine monohydrochloride, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety goggles, lab coat, gloves, and a mask to prevent skin and eye contact, inhalation, and ingestion.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control dust and aerosol generation.
This helps minimize the risk of inhalation exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid generating dust or aerosols.
Use equipment designed to handle the substance safely, such as dust collection systems and sealed containers.

Hygiene: Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water after handling Lysine monohydrochloride.
Avoid touching your face, eyes, or mouth during handling.

Storage Containers:
Use containers made of materials compatible with Lysine monohydrochloride, such as glass, plastic, or stainless steel.
Ensure containers are tightly sealed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.

Labeling:
Clearly label containers with the substance's name, hazard warnings, and handling instructions.

Spills and Leaks:
In case of a spill or leak, wear appropriate PPE, and carefully collect the spilled material using non-sparking tools.
Dispose of it according to local regulations.


Storage:

Location:
Store Lysine monohydrochloride in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Maintain a stable temperature to prevent degradation.

Moisture Control:
Protect the substance from moisture, as it can affect its quality.
Store it in a moisture-resistant container or with desiccants.

Separation:
Keep Lysine monohydrochloride separated from incompatible substances, such as strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizers, to prevent chemical reactions.

Flammables:
Store away from flammable materials and ignition sources, as Lysine monohydrochloride is not flammable but may pose a fire hazard under certain conditions.

Accessibility:
Store Lysine monohydrochloride in a location that is not easily accessible to unauthorized personnel, especially children and pets.

Inventory Control:
Maintain proper inventory records to ensure that the substance is used within its shelf life and is regularly inspected for signs of degradation or contamination.

Emergency Equipment:
Have emergency equipment, such as eyewash stations and safety showers, readily available in case of accidental exposure.

Chemical Compatibility:
Be aware of the compatibility of storage materials (containers, labels, etc.) with Lysine monohydrochloride to avoid degradation or contamination.



SYNONYMS


Lysine HCl
L-Lysine hydrochloride
Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate
Lysine chloride
Lysine monochloride
Lysine hydrochloride salt
Lysine chloride monohydrate
L-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride
Lysine monohydrochloride monohydrate
L-Lysine monochloride monohydrate
Lysine hydrochloride hydrate
Lysine monohydrochloride hydrate
Lysine HCl monohydrate
L-Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate
Lysine chloride hydrate
Lysine monochloride hydrate
Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate salt
L-Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate salt
Lysine chloride monohydrate salt
Lysine monochloride monohydrate salt
Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate powder
Lysine HCl monohydrate powder
L-Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate powder
Lysine chloride monohydrate powder
Lysine monochloride monohydrate powder
L-Lysine HCl
L-Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate
Lysine chloride monohydrate
Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate salt
Lysine monochloride monohydrate salt
Lysine HCl monohydrate salt
Lysine chloride hydrate
Lysine monochloride hydrate
Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate powder
L-Lysine HCl monohydrate powder
L-Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate powder
Lysine chloride monohydrate powder
Lysine monochloride monohydrate powder
Lysine hydrochloride for cell culture
Lysine HCl for cell culture
Lysine hydrochloride for biotechnology
Lysine chloride for biotechnology
Lysine monochloride for biotechnology
L-Lysine HCl for pharmaceutical use
Lysine hydrochloride for pharmaceutical applications
Lysine chloride for pharmaceutical formulations
Lysine monochloride for pharmaceutical production
L-Lysine hydrochloride for nutritional supplements
Lysine HCl for animal nutrition
Lysine monohydrochloride for animal feeds
Lysine HCl monohydrate
Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate powder
Lysine chloride monohydrate salt
L-Lysine hydrochloride monohydrate salt
Lysine monochloride monohydrate salt
Lysine HCl hydrate
Lysine hydrochloride hydrate powder
Lysine chloride hydrate salt
L-Lysine monohydrochloride
L-Lysine monohydrochloride monohydrate
Lysine chloride monohydrate powder
Lysine monochloride monohydrate powder
Lysine hydrochloride for cell culture
Lysine HCl for biotechnology
Lysine chloride for biopharmaceuticals
Lysine monochloride for cell culture media
L-Lysine hydrochloride for pharmaceutical use
Lysine HCl for medicinal applications
Lysine hydrochloride for dietary supplements
Lysine chloride for veterinary nutrition
Lysine monochloride for animal feeds
L-Lysine hydrochloride for cosmetics
Lysine HCl for skincare products
Lysine hydrochloride for hair care formulations
Lysine chloride for food additives

Copolymer of Maleic and Acrylic Acid; ACRYLIC ACID MALEIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMER CAS:26677-99-6

Copolymer of Maleic and Acrylic Acid; ACRYLIC ACID MALEIC ANHYDRIDE COPOLYMER CAS:26677-99-6

Macadamia nut oil is liquid at room temperature.
Macadamia nut oil, is clear, lightly amber-colored with a slightly nutty smell.


CAS Number: 159518-86-2
Botanical Name: Foliage of the Macadamia Tree
Macadamia integrifolia
Name: macadamia ternifolia seed oil
INCI: Macadamia Integrifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil or Macadamia Ternifolia (Macadamia) Seed Oil


Popularly used for cooking, hair and beauty treatments, Macadamia nut oilis derived from the nuts of macadamia trees, native to Australia.
Unlike coconut oil, Macadamia nut oil is a clear, light yellow liquid at room temperature that is mostly used in its pure form.
Macadamia Nut Oil is a non-volatile oil collected from the nuts of the Australian native, Macadamia Tree.


Macadamia nut oil is a popular addition to culinary and cosmetic/personal care formulations.
Macadamia nuts contain up to 75% of their weight in oil.
Macadamia nut oil is a clear oil with a light amber color and contains the highest percentage of monounsaturates when compared to olive and canola oil.


Macadamia nut oil accumulation does not commence until the nuts are fully grown, and the shell hardens, signally peak harvest time.
The fatty acid composition and lack of cholesterol have lead to the promotion of the macadamia nut and resulting oil as a health food.
Macadamia nut oil is generally used in frying applications due to its high heat capacity and flashpoint.


Macadamia nut oil’s light almost unnoticeable taste and scent, and stability its a popular alternative oil in baked goods.
As a natural emollient, macadamia nut oil is a popular addition to skin healthy or conscious formulations in the personal care industry.
On the comedogenic scale, macadamia nut oil scores a 2-3, meaning that for most skin types, Macadamia nut oil will not clog pores and promote acne.


For a reference point, the currently trending coconut oil, scores a 4-5 on the scale, meaning that any prolonged use will cause clogging and acne for almost all individuals; only those who are very lucky can get away with using Macadamia nut oil daily.
Macadamia nut oil is also one of the only oils, which chemical makeup matches that of sebum, creating an almost seamless integration, with very little chance of irritation.


The close match also creates the feeling of an extremely rich and luxe product that won’t feel heavy on the skin or hair.
Macadamia nut oil’s strong fixative properties make it a useful addition to many perfume formulations to enhance staying power without affecting the scent.
Macadamia nut oil is liquid at room temperature.


The refined oil, Macadamia nut oil, is clear, lightly amber-colored with a slightly nutty smell.
Macadamia nut oil is the non-volatile oil collected from the nuts of the macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia), a native Australian plant.
Macadamia nut oil contains approximately 60% oleic acid, 19% palmitoleic acid, 1-3% linoleic acid and 1-2% α-linolenic acid.


Macadamia nut oil displays chemical properties typical of a vegetable triglyceride oil, as it is stable due to its low polyunsaturated fat content.
Macadamia nut oil is obtained from the macadamia nut (Macadamia Ternifolia), a tree that grows mainly in Australia, South Africa and the Pacific regions.
Macadamia nut oil content of the fresh nut is 75%.


The cold pressed oil is pale yellow or gold with a characteristic odour.
Macadamia nut oil is customary to use the refined quality which is almost colourless/a pale yellow and is almost odourless.
Macadamia nut oil contains 80% monounsaturated fatty acids, with a ratio of 3:1 oleic and palmitoleic.


Macadamia nut oil is one of the oils with a higher content of palmitoleic, about 20%, and it is this content that differentiates it from other oils.
Its rich and nutty flavor and nutritional benefits make Macadamia nut oil popular for cooking, roasting and dressings, or as an alternative to butter for baking and frying.


Macadamia nut oil is the non-volatile fat extracted from the macadamia nut flesh.
Macadamia nut oil has an exquisite taste and is a true delicacy with a fine, delicate, buttery flavour.
The large round macadamia nuts are carefully peeled and processed and are organically grown.


Pamper yourself with this cold-pressed organic luxury oil!
Enjoy this exquisite oil on green salads or fresh cheeses, or with fish, soups and fresh juices.
Pour over fine desserts and enjoy the slightly sweet, lively flavour of Macadamia nut oil.


Macadamia Nut Oil is made from high-quality nuts from Australia’s sunshine state, Queensland.
Macadamia nuts are packed with nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, all of which are kept throughout our pioneering cold-pressed extraction method, ensuring you end up with an oil that is delicious and healthy.


As well as its natural health benefits, the macadamia nut is the perfect oil to use with food.
Macadamia nut oil has a buttery and delicate quality, and is perfect for high-heat cooking (smoke point 210°C).
Bring a touch of smoothness to your meals with this delicious oil, Macadamia nut oil .


Macadamia nut oil is thought to penetrate the skin better and more deeply than most other carrier oils and leaves no oily residue.
This makes Macadamia nut oil a great base oil to use for massage blends with essential oils as it helps to infuse the positive properties of the essential oils into the skin.


Macadamia Nut Oil is easily-absorbed and a fantastic skin conditioner.
At 3%, Macadamia nut oil is the lowest of all culinary oils in polyunsaturated Omega 6 fatty acids (olive oil=8%, canola=23%).
Excessive Omega 6 Fatty Acids may have an adverse impact on blood clotting, immune function & inflammation.


Macadamia nut oil is obtained from cold-pressing peeled macadamia nuts.
Macadamia nut oil has a pale yellow colour and is nearly odourless, but may have a mild, nutty fragrance.
Macadamia nut oil has a reasonable smoke point (210°C) which means it can be used in stir fries, sautéing as well as being used instead of butter in baking recipes or to coat vegetables.


You could also use macadamia nut oil to dress salads.
Macadamia nut oil is a delight for the skin.
Macadamia nut oil contains monounsaturated fatty acids, and closely resembles sebum (the oil naturally produced by one's skin to help protect it) and absorptions quickly into skin.


Macadamia nut oil is an unrefined oil that is sensitive to light and will degrade accordingly.
Macadamia nut oil has a beautiful nutty odor.
Macadamia nut oil is produced by pressing macadamia nuts, a transparent, pale yellow liquid.


Macadamia nut oil is carefully extracted from macadamia nut pulp and transformed into a delectable elixir.
Excellent for all skin types and full of potent antioxidants and necessary fatty acids, Macadamia nut oil is a true superfood for your skin.
Macadamia nut oil contains high amounts of palmitoleic acid (22%), a crucial fatty acid that starts reducing in quantity with age, and acts as an all-around multitasker and a true skin hero.


Macadamia nut oil is usually cold pressed.
Macadamia nut oil is extracted from the nuts and then added to the skincare products, to create magic for your skin.
Macadamia nut oil is the healthiest of all cooking oils, at 80% monounsaturated.


Macadamia nut oil tastes good, too!
We love the subtle, nutty flavor of this pure macadamia nut oil.
Ideal for stir fry and sauté dishes with a high smoke point of 389°F.


Macadamia nut oil is delicious with fish, chicken and vegetable dishes.
Excellent as a Macadamia nut oil for salad dressings or to be used in baking as a substitute for butter.
Honestly, where we like this best is in brownie mix.


Throw in a few chopped mac nuts, and wow!
Macadamia Nut Oil makes any baked good jump out of the pan.
Macadamia Nut Oil imparts a delightful flavor and is also good on popcorn.


Interestingly enough, we have quite a few wholesale customers who use this as a massage oil because of its viscosity combined with the pleasant smell.
Expeller pressed from 100% Hawaiian macadamia nuts.
Macadamia Nut Oil contains Vitamin E.


Macadamia nut oil is cold pressed from the kernels of the macadamia tree’s fruit, yielding a versatile lightweight oil naturally high in palmitoleic and oleic fatty acid content.
Macadamia nut oil is virgin, meaning it is unrefined and therefore carries a characteristic color and nutty aroma with natural variation due to the raw material.


Macadamia nut oil is relatively stable with resistance to oxidation due to its fatty acid makeup and has a higher smoke point than a large portion of other vegetable oils.
Macadamia nut oil is an excellent ingredient in cosmetic and personal-care formulations due to its natural emollient properties.


The golden yellow oil, Macadamia nut oil, coming from the Macadamia nut, a native Australian nut.
Similar to other plant oils, Macadamia nut oil's loaded with emollient and nourishing fatty acids.
Macadamia nut oil's a high oleic acid oil (50-67% oleic acid and only 0-5% linoleic acid) that makes it very emollient and ideal for dry skin types (and less ideal for acne-prone skin).


Emollient oil from the nut of the Macadamia tree containing high levels of monounsaturated fatty acids.
Exceptionally stable and resistant to rancidity, and containing natural tocopherols, Macadamia nut oil is an ideal emollient oil for creams, lotions and massage products.


Macadamia nut oil is expeller extracted, cold pressed and filtered, but otherwise unrefined.
Macadamia Nut Oil is said to act as a natural anti-inflammatory (perhaps due to its oleic acid content).
Macadamia nut oil's possible anti-inflammatory action combined with its viscosity and slip make it a good candidate for massage applications.


If not used in a small dilution with another vegetable oil, Macadamia Nut Oil may overpower a blend.
Macadamia nut oil as it is sometimes called—is produced by extracting oil from the fruit (or nut) of the Australian Macadamia integrifolia tree.
Macadamia nut oil does provide some health and beauty benefits, but not all of them are supported by strong scientific evidence.


Cold-pressed Macadamia nut oil is composed mostly of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), with oleic and palmitoleic acids as the main fatty acids.
Macadamia nut oil also contains bioactive compounds such as tocopherols, phytosterols, squalene, and polyphenols.
Macadamia nut oils contain 83–85% unsaturated fatty acids and 15–17% saturated fatty acids .


The predominant fatty acids are oleic (56-65%), palmitoleic (18–23%), and palmitic (7–9%) acids .
The Macadamia nut tree is an ancient tree tracing its origin back 50 million years ago to the rainforests of the east coast of Australia.
Macadamia nuts have been wild collected by Indigenous Australians and eaten as a nutrient-dense bush food for over 50,000 years.
Though endemic to Australia, where European settlers first began commercially cultivating it in the 1800s, Macadamias were farmed on a much larger scale in

Hawaii and now grow extensively in other locations, including Kenya.
Macadamia nut oil is the result of the cold-pressing of the inner kernel of the Macadamia nut, which has to be cracked first.
This outer shell is so hard that Fairoils uses special machinery to do this job without ruining the inner kernel.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil is used in food as a frying or salad oil, and in cosmetic formulations as an emollient or fragrance fixative.
Cosmetic Uses of Macadamia nut oil: skin conditioning - emollient
Macadamia nut oilis easily absorbed in the surface layers of the skin with an anti-inflammatory action.


Macadamia nut oil is also valued for its draining action, anti-inflammatory and protection of the circulatory system.
Macadamia nut oil is used for facial and body application.
Macadamia nut oil has emollient, nourishing, softening and firming properties.


Macadamia nut oil is very moisturising and is also suitable for shaving.
Macadamia nut oil is known for its toning properties.
Macadamia nut oil promotes skin elasticity and provides excellent cuticle care.


Also suitable for hair care, Macadamia nut oil is good because it absorbs quickly without leaving a greasy film.
Macadamia nut oil softens the hair, promotes manageability and regenerates split ends.
Ideally, Macadamia nut oil is thoroughly massaged into the hair and scalp, left on for a few hours or overnight and then washed out with shampoo.


Macadamia nut oil can also be used for facial cleansing and care.
A few drops of an essential oil, Macadamia nut oil, gives the oil a delightful fragrance.
Macadamia nut oil is especially beneficial for dry, mature and wrinkle-prone skin as it has high amounts of the same palmitoleic acid found in the sebum of humans.


As skin gets older it produces less sebum making Macadamia Nut Oil perhaps the perfect oil for ageing skin.
Works very well on Macadamia nut oil's own but is even better when used as a carrier oil combined with pure essential oils.
Experience the exquisite nourishment of Silky Skin’s 100% Macadamia Nut Oil, a gem in the world of skincare.


Extracted from pure macadamia nuts, this luxurious oil is enriched with flavonoids, antioxidants, and the perfect ratio of vital fatty acids that are beneficial for your skin.
Similar to your skin’s natural sebum, this lightweight oil seeps deeply into your skin, hydrating, soothing, and accelerating the healing of scars, sunburns, and dry patches.


Embrace the age-defying power of Macadamia Nut Oil and witness your skin restore its youthful firmness.
Macadamia nut oil is easily absorbed into the skin, making it a common carrier oil used in topical skincare products such as face serums, lotions, skin creams, and moisturizers.


In addition to personal-care uses, Macadamia nut oil is sought-after throughout the culinary industry as a cooking oil and in a variety of sauces, salad dressings, and packaged food items.
Macadamia Nut Oil is light and golden with a nutty flavour, making it wonderful for sauces, vinaigrettes and sauteing.


Macadamia nut oil is also great for baking, with its nutty flavour and buttery texture.
Macadamia Nut Oil contains high levels of monounsaturated fats (more than olive oil even!) as well as natural antioxidants and Palmitoleic Acid which aids fat metabolism.


Macadamia nut oil's unique property is that it contains high amounts of a rare fatty acid called palmitoleic acid (12-25%) that give Macadamia oil a "cushiony" feel.
Macadamia nut oil's also easily absorbed and makes the skin soft and supple.


Macadamia kernels contain high oil content (> 60%) and one of the commonly used techniques to recover oil from its kernel is cold pressing.
Many people use Macadamia nut oil for hair treatments and to boost skin health.
Cold pressing of macadamia kernel generates defatted macadamia meal as a by-product.


The defatted macadamia meal contains high protein and carbohydrate levels and can be utilized to produce an array of food products.
Macadamia nut oil is loaded with nutrients, fatty acids, and potassium, and the concentration of palmitoleic acid makes it a well-known ingredient in cosmetic products and is found in various skin lotions, face creams, hair masks, etc.


Macadamia nut oil is used skincare formulas, creams, lotions, massage oils, reflexology creams/oils, hair-care and bath products.
Macadamia nut oil is excellent for pan or stir fries, in salad dressings, in cakes or bread or just drizzled over your pasta or baked food.
Macadamia nut oil is used in place of other fats for frying, stir fries, dressings or baking ingredients.


Macadamia nut oil is used to replace the butter in mashed potato (only a small amount required).
Macadamia nut oil is a healthy alternative to other food oils with its high levels of monounsaturates (80-85%), no cholesterol and with significant levels of natural antioxidants.


Macadamia nut oil tolerates high temperatures with a smoke point at 200° – 210° C and a flash point at 252° C so is perfect for shallow frying and it can be used as a tasty alternative to other oil in baking.
Macadamia nut oil is used to Drizzle over salads, vegetable dishes, pasta or noodles.


*Uses in food:
Macadamia nut oil can be used for frying due to its high heat capacity along with other properties useful as an edible oil:
*Contains up to 85% monounsaturated fats
*Unrefrigerated shelf life of one to two years
*Smoke point of 210 °C (410 °F)
*Flashpoint of over 300 °C (572 °F)
*Fatty acids


-Massage uses of Macadamia Nut Oil:
Macadamia Nut Oil can be used as a substitute for Almond Sweet or Grapeseed Oil for massage as it is easily absorbed by the skin without leaving it greasy.


-Skincare uses of Macadamia Nut Oil:
Macadamia Nut Oil is great for skincare, use on its own or can be used to make your own skincare formulations.
Create a soothing and moisturising facial serum by combining 50ml of Macadamia Nut Oil with 0.5ml (approx. 10 drops) of Lavender Essential Oil #102 and massage a few drops into your face and neck.
Use Macadamia Nut Oil as a natural alternative to shaving foam.
Macadamia nut oil will help the razor glide over the skin and help prevent razor burn, whilst smoothing and moisturising the skin.


-Hair uses of Macadamia Nut Oil:
Combine 100ml of Macadamia Nut Oil with 0.25ml (approx. 5 drops) of Tea Tree #109 and 0.25ml (approx. 5 drops) Chamomile Oil #134 for a deep repair mask.
Massage a small amount into your hair and scalp and leave to work for around 30 minutes.
Wash as normal, you may need to wash twice.


-Cooking uses of Macadamia Nut Oil:
Spruce up your dishes by adding some oil to your cuisine.
This versatile oil can be used in salad dressings, smoothies, pasta dishes, a dip for bread, drizzled over grilled fish or meat, roasted vegetables and many more.
Macadamia Nut Oil adds flavour and richness.



FAQs OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
1. Is Macadamia nut oil good for the skin on the face?
Yes, Macadamia nut oil is excellent for all skin types.
Macadamia nut oil is an all-around multitasker and a true skin hero.

In addition to being an excellent moisturiser for dry skin, Macadamia nut oil also has potent anti-inflammatory effects that will aid to calm and soothe sensitive skin.
Macadamia nut oil is great for those with ageing skin because it reduces the visible appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.


2. Is Macadamia nut oil good for acne-prone skin?
Macadamia nut oil is suitable for usage on skin that is prone to acne because it won't clog pores and is light, non-greasy, and quickly absorbed.
The anti-inflammatory characteristics of Macadamia nut oil's fatty acids can also be great for new flair ups as well as healing and repairing the old ones.


3. Is Macadamia nut oil good for oily skin?
Even if your skin is naturally oily, macadamia nut oil is a fantastic choice for you.
Macadamia nut oil improves your skin’s natural oil barrier.
Macadamia nut oil can help calm and soothe skin that is red, itchy, dry, flaky, or otherwise irritated in order to help it return to its normal equilibrium.


4. Does Macadamia nut oil clog your pores?
No Macadamia nut oil does not clog your pores.
Macadamia nut oil is a lightweight oil that absorbs quickly in the skin and allows it to breathe.



IMPORTANT COMPONENETS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Important components:
Macadamia nut oil is rich in minerals such as magnesium, copper and iron.
Macadamia nut oil also has a high oleic acid content and is particularly rich in squalane, a natural antioxidant, which is also present naturally in our skin.



WHY YOU SHOULD BE USING MACADAMIA NUT OIL IN YOUR COOKING:
*Macadamia nut oil in cooking
When people talk about cooking oils, the conversation often begins and ends with olive oil.
But it’s not the only game in town.

A host of other oils can be used to create sweet and savoury dishes – and these oils can often be easier to use and a lot healthier for you.
One of the most versatile is Macadamia nut oil.
Boasting a smooth buttery flavour, Macadamia nut oil is great for roasting, baking and deep-frying, and can also be used as a base for salad dressings and even a substitute for butter when baking.

One of the most important characteristics of this oil is its high smoke point.
Macadamia nut oil smoke point is between 210°C and 234°C.
That’s important as an oil’s smoke point is the temperature at which Macadamia nut oil sends up smoke and gives your food an unpleasant, bitter taste.
Another key feature of Macadamia nut oil is its high monounsaturated fat content, around 80% to 85%.
Monounsaturates are good fats and have been shown to lower cholesterol levels and help the body burn fat more easily.



HOW TO USE MACADAMIA NUT OIL IN YOUR COOKING:
As a salad dressing
For a delicious salad dressing, Macadamia nut oil makes a great base.
Macadamia salad dressing recipe is quick and simple to make, combine the oil, red-wine vinegar, caster sugar, Dijon mustard, salt and pepper and apply liberally.


*As a marinade:
Macadamia nut oil also makes a fantastic base for a full-flavoured marinade.
Moroccan lamb with macadamia rice pilaf recipe is a hearty and healthy meal, sure to prove a hit with your family.
Lamb backstraps are marinated with a flavoursome mixture of mac oil, garlic, cumin and sumac.


*In a stir fry:
A hot wok and mac oil is the perfect starting point for your next stir fry.
This chicken, mushroom and macadamia stir fry is a quick and crowd-pleasing mid-week family dinner.
Macadamia nut oil as substitute for butter when baking

Another smart way to use Macadamia nut oilis as substitute for butter.
In this decadent spiced chocolate fruit cake recipe, raisins, prunes, rum and chocolate feature alongside the secret ingredient: half a cup of Brookfarm’s Premium Grade Maca Oil.
The cake is best enjoyed with a generous serve of vanilla ice cream or custard.


*For roasting:
Breathing new life into the Sunday roast, this roast chicken with macadamia couscous stuffing is a delicious twist on the classic roast chook.
To impress guests, our roasted potato skins with macadamias, bacon, rocket and blue cheese is a tapas-style party winner.


*Macadamia nut oil for deep-frying:
This an be used for deep-frying, offering a healthier alternative to other frying oils.
This beer battered fish with macadamia salt and pepper dust perfectly shows off the benefit of deep-frying with mac oil – the result is crisp and delicious battered fish.



SKIN BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil is a lightweight oil, that is well absorbed without feeling greasy.
Macadamia nut oil’s high in monounsaturated fatty acids, including Oleic Acid (Omega 9), which are very moisturising, regenerating and softening on the skin.

These fatty acids also have anti-inflammatory properties.
The Linoleic Acid (Omega 6) in Macadamia nut oil helps to restore the skin’s barrier function and reduce water loss.
Macadamia nut oil also contains Palmitoleic Acid (Omega 7), an active anti-microbial that is found naturally in youthful skin.

Palmitoleic Acid (Omega 7) levels in our skin reduce with age, contributing to the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles and weathered skin.
Macadamia nut oil has been shown to slow the signs of ageing and has also been used to improve the appearance of scars, sunburn and other minor skin irritations.



5 BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL FOR YOUR SKIN:
1. Smoother skin:
Macadamia nut oil helps to achieve smoother skin and helps to build and strengthen the skin barrier.
Oleic acid, found in macadamia nut oil, is great for maintaining skin suppleness.
Macadamia nut oil has a lot of additional fatty acids in addition to oleic acid, which help to soften your skin and protect it from ever feeling tight or dry.


2. Hydrated:
In terms of hydration, the water you're drinking nourishes every other part of your body and your skin is the last body part that gets any hydration.
Drinking a lot of water won't give you exceptionally moisturised skin.

We recommend you try Macadamia nut oil because it has everything your skin needs to be hydrated and maintain its own natural moisture balance.
Macadamia nut oil is packed with vitamin E, which binds to water and keeps it in the cells of your skin.


3. Calm:
Do you have sensitive skin?
Does your face become red and inflamed no matter what you put on it?
Macadamia nut oil contains higher quantities of Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids, which have potent calming properties.

Even the most sensitive skin types can benefit from macadamia nut oil since it has a balanced amount of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids.
Macadamia nut oil can help calm and soothe skin that is red, itchy, dry, flaky, or otherwise irritated in order to help it return to its normal equilibrium.

Even if your skin is naturally oily, macadamia nut oil is a fantastic choice for you.
Macadamia nut oil improves your skin’s natural oil barrier.


4. Antioxidant Rich:
Antioxidants are essential for the health of your skin cells.
Free radicals are unstable molecules that attach to your skin cells and harm them.
Antioxidants assist your skin cells fight off and neutralise the free radicals.

Free radicals are produced by the sun's ultraviolet radiation, smoking, pollution, and even food additives like sugar.
Skin that has been damaged by free radicals seems dull and older than it actually is.

Squalene, one of the most potent antioxidants found in macadamia nut oil, is also its best antioxidant.
Your cell's reaction to free radical stresses is lessened by squalene.
Your body produces squalene naturally, but as we get older, these levels decrease.
This is where macadamia nut oil comes in handy, supplying squalene to the cells, shielding our skin, and enabling it to age in the most elegant way.


5. Visibly reduce the appearance of wrinkles:
By promoting the regeneration of skin keratinocytes, the palmitoleic acid and squalene found in macadamia nut oil may work to delay the onset of wrinkles.
Additionally, linoleic acid aids in maintaining the skin's moisture content and suppleness by lowering trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL).
Macadamia nut oil's moisturising properties are beneficial for dry skin, aged skin, newborn skin, lip balms, and eye creams.



ORGANIC MACADAMIA NUT OIL GOES WELL WITH:
Organic macadamia nut goes well with:
Vegetables and raw vegetables: carrots, peas, cauliflower, avocado salad
Meat and fish: beef carpaccio, fish fillets, sole, speckled trout, carp

Side dishes, vegetarian dishes: mozzarella, spaetzle, red cabbage, Amaranth dumplings
Soups and sauces: vegetable soup, cream of cauliflower soup
Desserts: fruit salad, dumplings, poppy seed filling, melon cocktail, cheese dumplings
Lettuces: curly endives, chicory, Chinese cabbage



THE TASTE OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
With its delicate, smooth and buttery flavours, Olivado Extra Virgin Macadamia Nut Oil is perfect for panfrying or using as a butter substitute when baking.
Macadamia nut oil can be used in pastries and all baked goods, as well as omelettes and other egg dishes to lift the texture and taste.
Macadamia nut oil’s also great for sizzling steaks in the pan or on the barbecue.



THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
There are surprising health benefits to the macadamia nut that add to a healthy lifestyle.
Rich in essential fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid, which help to prevent premature aging, macadamia nuts are also high in Oleic Acid, which helps to prevent trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), making it perfect for moisturising dry, sensitive skin.

Macadamia nut oil also contains a high proportion of this omega-7 monounsaturated fat, it giving your hair an extra boost, either when ingested or rubbed into your curls and locks directly.
Macadamia nut oil is also very high in natural antioxidants and contains Omega 3 and Omega 6, which can have a powerful effect on the overall health of the body, as well as a rich source of fibre.

Transform Your Meals With Our Delicious Macadamia nut oil
By using our extra virgin macadamia nut oil in your cooking, you can transform a regular meal into something special.
Add a dash to your baking to give a sweet, rich flavour that sets your cupcakes apart, or season your meat on the barbie to impress your guests.



THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil is a healthy oil that people use for cooking.
There may also be health benefits of using Macadamia nut oil for the heart, hair, and skin.
Macadamia nuts grow on macadamia trees, which are native to Australia.

Similarly to olive oil, Macadamia nut oil is a liquid at room temperature.
People use this oil in cooking and health and beauty applications.
Macadamia nut oil is rich in nutrients, including healthful fatty acids and potassium.
For this reason, many people believe that Macadamia nut oil has a range of health benefits.


1. Cooking and eating:
A person can use Macadamia nut oil as a substitute for other oils in many dishes.
With a higher smoke point than some other oils, such as olive oil, it is perfect for sautéing, roasting, and grilling.
Its mild flavor also makes Macadamia nut oil a good choice for baked goods or as an appropriate base for salad dressings and marinades.



BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil offers several potential health benefits when a person uses it in cooking and as part of a balanced and healthful diet.
These include:

*Heart health:
Consuming Macadamia nut oil may support heart health.
It has high levels of monounsaturated fat.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), monounsaturated fats can lower levels of bad cholesterol, which, in turn, can reduce a person’s risk of heart attack and stroke.


*Antioxidants:
Macadamia nut oil is a source of antioxidants.
According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, free radicals in the body can cause oxidative stress.
This may play a role in aging and the development of a number of diseases, including cancer.

Consuming antioxidants, however, may help counter these free radicals.
Macadamia nut oil is also rich in oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid that has antioxidant properties.

Other studies indicate that oleic acid consumption may have a beneficial effect on cancer and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.


*Vitamin E:
Macadamia nut oil also contains substances called tocotrienols, which are part of the vitamin E family.
Research indicates that vitamin E and tocotrienols are potent antioxidants that may protect against cancer and a variety of other health conditions, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases.



2. Topical skin application:
Macadamia nut oil is an ingredient in many skin care products, but can a person also apply the pure oil directly to the skin.
Macadamia nut oil is important to test the oil on a small area of the skin first.
Although Macadamia nut oil is generally safe, some people may develop a rash after applying it directly to the skin.
People with tree nut allergies should avoid using Macadamia nut oil.


BENEFIRS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Some people claim that there are health benefits to applying Macadamia nut oil to the skin.
These benefits include moisturization and the prevention of wrinkles and skin damage.

However, the evidence for these benefits is largely anecdotal or indirect.
The vitamin E present in Macadamia nut oil has many properties that may benefit a person’s skin.
For example, it absorbs easily, making it a good moisturizer for very dry skin.

However, be aware that applying Macadamia nut oil directly to the skin may clog pores and lead to breakouts of acne.
Prolonged exposure to sunlight can damage the DNA in a person’s skin.
Test tube studies suggest that applying vitamin E to the skin may protect against this damage.

3. Natural hair conditioner:
Many people use pure Macadamia nut oil to strengthen and condition their hair.
Similarly to using olive oil, a person can take a small amount of Macadamia nut oil and rub it directly into their hair.
Macadamia nut oil is generally best to let the oil soak into the hair for a short amount of time before rinsing out the excess.


BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
People who use Macadamia nut oil as a hair conditioner claim that it can help:
*strengthen hair
*smooth hair
*add shine
*make hair more manageable
Again, the evidence for these benefits is largely anecdotal.



FRUITS, MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia integrifolia is an Australian tree with holly-like leaves that grows well in a moist organic soil and can withstand temperatures as low as −4.4 °C (24 °F).
Seedlings bear in 5–7 years.
The fruit is borne in a case enclosing an extremely hard spherical nut. The kernel is whitish, sweet and eaten raw or roasted.

The flowers are white to cream and the leaves are in whorls of three.
Propagation is by seed, grafting or air layering.
It is grown commercially.

Common names of the trees are the Australian nut or the Queensland nut.
Species that are “smooth shelled macadamia” are called Macadamia integrifolia and “rough shelled macadamia” are called Macadamia tetraphylla.
Macadamia ternifolia is also the name used for M. integrifolia.

Macadamia integrifolia is native to Australia where it grows in rain forests and close to streams.
Macadamia tetraphylla is native to Southeastern Queensland and Northeastern New South Wales.



OIL, MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil content ranges from 65% to 75% and sugar content ranges from 6% to 8%.
These factors result in variable colors and texture when the nuts are roasted under the same conditions.
Macadamia nut oil is liquid at room temperature.

The refined oil, Macadamia nut oil, is clear, lightly amber-colored with a slightly nutty smell.
Macadamia nut oil has a specific gravity of 900–920 and a flash point of over 300 °C (572 °F).
Oil accumulation does not commence until the nuts are fully grown and the shell hardens.

It accumulates rapidly in the kernel during late summer when the reducing sugar content decreases.
The composition of mature, roasted and salted macadamia nuts is shown.
As with many oil seeds, the protein is low in methionine.

Fresh kernels contain up to 4.6% sugar, mostly non-reducing sugar.
Macadamia nut oil consists of mainly unsaturated fatty acids and is similar in both species, although the proportion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids appears to be slightly higher in M. integrifolia (6.2:1 compared with 4.8:1).

The fatty acid composition and the absence of cholesterol may lead to the promotion of macadamias as a high-energy health food.
The major volatile components in roasted macadamia kernels are apparently similar to those found in other roasted nuts, although little detailed information is available.



EXTRA VIRGIN COLD PRESSED MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
*A delicate, light, nutty and buttery oil.
*Use for sweet and savoury cooking/baking.
*High in antioxidants and Omega fatty acids - for a healthy heart.
*Suitable for sautéing, frying, dressing and baking.

Macadamia nut oil has been cold pressed straight from the nut.
The cold pressing process helps to retain all the nutritional qualities found within the macadamia nut oil.
Macadamia nut oil contains one of the highest levels of mono-unsaturated fat amongst the culinary oils which makes it an important addition to a healthy diet.
Macadamia nut oil is also high in antioxidants and Omega 3 & Omega 6.



10 WAYS MAGIC MACADAMIA NUT OIL BENEFITS YOUR SKIN
Macadamia nut oil is the ultimate carrier oil for skincare products, which is why you'll find it in some of our products.
No matter what your age or skin type, oils are a wonderful skin food.
When you're young, your skin exudes a luminosity and is nicely plump due to the abundance of naturally occurring oils.

As we age, your cell turnover declines and so too does your skin's ability to produce oil.
A topical application of oils is an essential component of age defying skincare.
Oils act as a carrier for other key ingredients, as well as improving the function of the lipid barrier, which keeps the skin moist and hydrated.

But not all oils are created equal.
They have various ratings on the comedogenic scale (a measure of how heavy or light an oil is in relation to clogging the pores).

*Comedogenic rating of 0 – this oil does not clog pores.
*Comedogenic rating of 1 – slight chance oil will clog pores.
*Comedogenic rating of 2 – for most people, the oil will not clog pores.
*Comedogenic rating of 3 – some people will be fine using this oil, but many will break out in pimples or acne due to clogged pores.
*Comedogenic rating of 4 – most people will break out with this oil, depending on skin type.
*Comedogenic rating of 5 – virtually guaranteed to make you break out. Very few people can tolerate these oils on the skin.

Some people swear by using nothing but coconut oil on their skin and I have to wonder what’s going on there, because coconut oil is highly comedogenic (4 to 5 on the scale).
Macadamia nut oil'll clog your pores and make you break out eventually if it’s all you’re using.

If not, then you're lucky.
Macadamia nut oil's an oil that is OK for daily use on the rest of the body, and as an added emollient in a facial formulation, but as the only form of hydration for the face, it's a no from me.

One of our favourite oils is macadamia, which is a fantastic oil extracted from the meat of the nut.
Not only are macas delicious to eat, but our skin happily soaks up the beneficial properties of this oil.

The macadamia tree is an indigenous species to Australia and is over 60,000 years old.
It’s believed it first began growing in the rainforests of northern NSW and there are now more than six million macadamia trees growing in Australia, many of them planted in order to cater to the high demand for macadamia nut oil in personal care products and cosmetics.



10 BENEFITS OF Macadamia nut oil FOR SKINCARE
Other than jojoba oil (which is actually considered a waxy ester as opposed to an oil) Macadamia nut oil's the closest match to the naturally occurring sebum of the skin.
Macadamia nut oil is hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic oil.

Macadamia nut oil contains squalene and oleic acid that assists with cell regeneration, making this oil particularly useful for dry or chapped skin as it softens and moisturises.
Macadamia nut oil contains omega 6 linoleic acid which is useful for balancing sebum production in oily skin and creates a natural protective barrier.

The shell in which it is housed and added to Macadamia nut oil is rich in naturally occurring vitamin E.
Oils extracted from macadamia contain omega 7 or palmitoleic acid, which is beneficial for wound healing, wounds, scratches and burns.
Macadamia nut oil contains phytosterols that assist with itchiness and redness.

Macadamia nut oil's highly emollient oil, yet light and penetrating that's excellent for dry and mature skins that have a reduced production of natural sebum.
Macadamia nut oil extracted from macadamia has excellent spreadability, lubrication and penetration properties that imparts a smooth non greasy after effect.

Macadamia nut oil also has a slight sunscreen effect.
When you eat it, Macadamia nut oil has the perfect balance of omega 3:6 ratio (essential fatty acids our bodies don’t manufacture).
Omega-3 is a renowned anti-inflammatory and omega-6 is a pro-inflammatory, making Macadamia nut oil useful for any disease that is inflammatory in nature such as arthritis and cardiovascular disease.

Apart from all the goodies Macadamia nut oil delivers to your skin, the composition of oil extracted from macadamia is rich in phytochemical compound such as tocopherols, squalene and tocotrienols, which protect the oil against oxidation.
While a lot of oils go rancid fairly quickly, Macadamia nut oil is considered stable once harvested for a period of two years.



BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
*Macadamia Nut Oil provides deep hydration without clogging pores.
*Macadamia Nut Oil promotes skin renewal with its rich content of Squalane and Omega-9 Oleic acid.
*Macadamia Nut Oil fights free radicals and protects skin with powerful antioxidants.
*Macadamia Nut Oil soothes and calms skin irritation.
*Hypoallergenic – safe for sensitive skin.



HOW TO USE MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
*Apply directly to your skin as needed.
*Perfect for blending with other skincare products such as creams, serums, and lotions.
*Macadamia Nut Oil can be incorporated into hair care, sun care, and lip care routines.
*Patch test recommended before the first use.
Always dilute with a carrier oil for topical use.



NUTRITION FACTS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
The following nutrition information is provided by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for one tablespoon of Macadamia nut oil.
Calories: 120
Fat: 14g
Sodium: 0mg
Carbohydrates: 0g
Fiber: 0g
Sugars: 0g
Protein: 0g



FATS IN MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil contains different types of fat, including saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat.
More specifically, the oil contains:
Oleic acid (approximately 55-67%), a monounsaturated fat that can improve cardiovascular health when used in place of saturated fats or refined carbohydrates.

Palmitoleic acid (approximately 18-25%), a monounsaturated fatty acid that may have beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and cholesterol metabolism.
Palmitic acid (approximately 7-9%), a saturated fatty acid that may increase LDL cholesterol and have a negative effect on heart health.

Stearic acid (approximately 2-5%), a saturated fatty acid that can decrease LDL cholesterol (although not as effectively as unsaturated fats).
Linoleic acid (approximately 1-4%), or omega-6 fatty acids, these polyunsaturated fats are sometimes associated with weight loss, although evidence is lacking.

You'll also consume some polyunsaturated fat with consumption of Macadamia nut oil.
Research has shown that these essential fatty acids can help lower your LDL (bad) cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular disease.
Nutrition experts recommend that you get 3-10% of your daily calories from polyunsaturated fat.

The saturated fat in Macadamia nut oil (stearic acid) may have a beneficial effect on heart health, but in general, health experts recommend that we decrease our intake of saturated fat and consume mono- and polyunsaturated fats instead.
There is no carbohydrate or protein in Macadamia nut oil.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
According to fans of the product, Macadamia nut oil benefits the skin and hair and can provide anti-aging advantages to people who use it. Specifically, Macadamia nut oil is used topically to:

*Soften and moisturize aging skin
*Heal mild wounds
*Provide antioxidant benefits
*Soften hair and produce a shinier appearance

Some of these applications are supported by scientific evidence, but very few studies have been conducted on the cosmetic uses of Macadamia nut oil.
However, a recent review of related literature found that the fatty acid composition of Macadamia nut oil has potential in the cosmetic industry.

Macadamia nut oil can also be used for cooking.
Replacing saturated fat, such as lard or butter with an unsaturated fat such as Macadamia nut oil, may boost heart health.

Macadamia Nut Oil is made up of about 80% mono-unsaturated fatty acids.
With its high levels of palmitoleic acid, Macadamia nut oil penetrates the skin easily while leaving behind a protective film, making it ideal for delicate skin.

Macadamia nut oil is also very rich in oleic acid, which has emollient properties. It makes the skin soft, supple, and more radiant.
Macadamia nut oil moisturizes and nourishes dry skin and prevents the peroxidation of cellular lipids.




MACADAMIA NUT OIL HEALTH BENEFITS:
*Heart health improves with monounsaturated oils:
Macadamia nut oil contains one of the highest levels of monounsaturated fats amongst all food oils, and at 84%, is even higher than Olive Oil.
And while Macadamia nut oil may sound bad to have high levels of fat, it is the type of fat that matters.
These types of fats (monounsaturated) actually help to lower the bad type of cholesterol (saturated).

This is great for heart health because LDL cholesterol (the bad type) contributes to plaque in the arteries, and the HDL cholesterol (the good type), carries the LDL type back to the liver, where it is broken down and passed through the body.
This lowers your bad cholesterol and results in less chance of heart disease or stroke.

Macadamia nut oil gives great results for your skin
The great thing about using macadamia nut oil for your skin is it can be taken internally or topically for great results.
Each drop is rich in essential fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid, which helps prevent premature aging, and Oleic Acid, which helps to prevent trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), making it perfect for moisturizing dry, sensitive skin.

Macadamia nut oil is also high in phytosterols, which are the building blocks of our cellular membrane and structure.
Phytosterols work the same way that cholesterol does in our skin, which is one of the reasons why macadamia nut oil is known to help repair the skin’s barrier function.

Healthy Hair is given an extra boost with macadamia nut oil
Hair follicles produce natural sebum which contains palmitoleic, one of the aforementioned fatty acids.
As we grow older, our body produces less and less of this substance, and as a result, our hair begins to lose its strength and shine.

As macadamia nut oil contains a high proportion of this omega-7 monounsaturated fat, it gives the hair an extra boost, either when ingested or rubbed into the hair directly.


*Macadamia nut oil contains natural antioxidants:
Macadamia nut oil is also very high in natural antioxidants and contains Omega 3 and Omega 6, which can have a powerful effect on the overall health of the body.

Antioxidants fight off free radicals, dangerous atoms in the body which have a spare electron and want to attach to something.
They are dangerous because once they attach to you, they can corrupt your DNA, causing cancer.
A healthy balance of antioxidants can reduce cancer risk, slow the aging process and lessen the risk of vision loss due to cataracts and macular degeneration.

Macadamia nut oil is a great source of fiber to increase energy levels
Like most nuts, macadamia nuts are a reliable source of fiber and calories.
Just a dozen nuts (30 grams) contain about 10 percent of your daily fiber needs.

Fiber is important in your daily diet because Macadamia nut oil not only aids digestion but also slows the rate at which sugar is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Their high-calorie content also gives a boost of energy “on the go”, perfect if you don’t have time to stop for a meal.

Highly stable to oxidation, Refined Macadamia Nut Oil offers exceptionally good emolliency and it absorbs well into the skin.
Macadamia nut oil will not stain clothing, making it an ideal massage or tanning oil while divinely imparting a slightly nutty aroma.
Macadamia nut oil is a light amber, mobile liquid.



10 BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Apart from being a great moisturiser for the skin and an excellent conditioner for your hair, here are some incredible benefits of macadamia nut oil:
There are multiple benefits of using Macadamia nut oil for skin, hair and body.
Although there are other oils like olive oil, coconut oil amongst others that are usually used for cooking, eating, skin care and hair care, people have started considering Macadamia nut oil now more than ever.

In fact, this nutty and sweet flavoured oil is 40 times stronger than olive oil, which means Macadamia nut oil can potentially reduce the risk of heart ailments, inflammation, and stroke among other things.
Now let’s discuss in detail ten amazing and some lesser-known benefits of Macadamia nut oil.


1. Macadamia nut oil Helps Reduce Itchiness and Rash:
Macadamia nut oil contains phytosterols, which help reduce inflammation.
Being rich in omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, Macadamia nut oil aids sensitive skin, and reduces itchiness and rashes along with easing out skin conditions like psoriasis and eczema.

If you’re unsure or trying Macadamia nut oil for the first time, then you can start with the Pure Sense Relaxing Macadamia Deep Nourishing Face Cleansing Oil.
Macadamia nut oil is a luxuriously unique cleansing oil that gently cleanses your skin and hydrates it.

As this face wash has a non-drying formula, Macadamia nut oil pampers your skin by satiating its thirst for moisture.
Since the Macadamia nut oil-infused cleansing oil nourishes your skin and calms your senses, you can use it without worrying about rash formation or itchiness.


2. Macadamia nut oil Repairs Scars and Stretch Marks:
Macadamia nut oil for skin is proven to be beneficial in treating stretch marks, healing chapped skin and repairing scars as it contains high levels of linoleic, palmitoleic and oleic acid.
Macadamia nut oil helps nourish the skin and works as a great moisturiser.


3. Macadamia nut oil Prevents Premature Wrinkles:
Macadamia nut oil also contains a rare antioxidant called squalene that helps prevent premature formation of wrinkles on your skin, by shooting up the regeneration of skin keratinocytes.

Apart from palmitoleic acid, another acid in macadamia nut oil that helps keep the skin hydrated and supple is linoleic acid.
Macadamia nut oil benefits baby skin, mature skin, dry skin, hence it is a useful ingredient in eye creams and lip balms as it has great levels of hydration.


4. Macadamia nut oil Heals Chapped Lips:
Since Macadamia nut oil helps reduce inflammation in wounds or sores, it is used in various cosmetic products including lipsticks, sunscreen, skin conditioners and many more.

You can even make a natural lip balm using Macadamia nut oil and beeswax.
Macadamia nut oil helps hydrate chapped lips and noticeably changes the appearance and health of your lips.
If you don’t have time for DIY, no problem.

You can try the Pure Sense Macadamia Nourishing Lip Balm that is infused with the goodness of Macadamia nut oil.
Macadamia nut oil is made with organic ingredients and is free from sulphates and parabens.
Along with Macadamia nut oil, this nourishing lip balm also contains castor oil that helps get rid of discolouration and gives your lips a fresher look.


5. Macadamia nut oil Tames Frizzy, Dry and Dull Hair:
Macadamia nut oil contains fatty acids that add moisture to the hair.
This works great for dry and frizzy hair as Macadamia nut oil is lightweight and non-greasy.
So, the moisturisation that Macadamia nut oil provides transforms your lifeless hair into fresh and healthy-looking hair without weighing it down.


6. Macadamia nut oil Hydrates the Scalp and Regenerates Scalp Skin:
Macadamia nut oil has the ability to regularise the oil production of the scalp, hence keeping the scalp and hair moisturised at all times.
As mentioned earlier, Macadamia nut oil contains linoleic acid that helps restore skin barrier function, while oleic acid regenerates scalp skin, softens it by moisturisation and nourishment.

Macadamia nut oil powerfully boosts the overall health of your hair right from the roots.
Speaking of how Macadamia nut oil works wonders to protect your scalp health, you can go a step further to give your hair the care it deserves with the Pure Sense Macadamia Deep Nourish Hair Care Combo.

Infused with macadamia, this deep nourishing hair care combo includes a hair cleanser and hair conditioner, which gently clean and nourish your scalp and leave it looking frizz-free.
Enriched with ethically sourced macadamia nut oil, the hair conditioner locks in the nutrients that soften your hair and adds a natural shine as well.


7. Macadamia nut oil Regulates Oil Production:
Macadamia nut oil has the ability to regularise the oil production of the scalp, hence keeping the scalp and hair moisturised at all times.
The oleic acid in Macadamia nut oil renews and restores body levels for sebum production.
This helps people with oily hair type as Macadamia nut oil puts a stop to oil overproduction and in turn, reduces dandruff and other bacteria.


8. Macadamia nut oil is Packed with Antioxidants:
Just like most nuts, macadamia nuts are also a great source of antioxidants.
Free radicals can increase the risk of heart diseases, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease that can be significantly neutralised by antioxidants in order to reduce the risk of such diseases.
Macadamia nut oil is also rich in tocotrienols, a form of vitamin E that helps lower cholesterol levels.


9. Macadamia nut oil Works Best for Roasting, Baking and Deep-Frying:
Macadamia nut oil has a smooth buttery flavour and works phenomenally for roasting, baking and deep-frying food.
You can also use Macadamia nut oil as a base for salad dressing and a substitute for butter when you bake cookies or other such food items.


10. Macadamia nut oil Aids Weight Loss:
Macadamia nut oil is loaded with minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, fibre and healthy fats; all of which promote weight loss.
Palmitoleic acid in Macadamia nut oil helps increase fat metabolism and reduce fat storage.
The omega-7 fatty oil controls the burning of fat and appetite that indirectly supports weight loss.



FUNCTIONALITY OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
*Macadamia nut oil is an excellent emollient.
*Macadamia nut oil is a good oil for hair care products & sun care products.
*Macadamia nut oil aids in relieving skin & scalp irritation, both inflammation & itching.
*Macadamia nut oil is a popular lubricating oil, commonly used in massage for this very reason.
*Macadamia nut oil has very stable & a decent shelf life.
*Macadamia nut oil is a very good carrier to blend with other oils, mainly essential oils.
Due to its refined state the profile of Macadamia nut oil does not impact the aroma of the essential oil.
*Macadamia nut oil is a cost effective carrier oil, so you can buy lots of it!



PRODUCTION AND EXTRACTION OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
The Macadamia tree is an evergreen tree that belongs to the plant family Proteaceae, which is indigenous to Australia and can grow to 12 metres in height.
Macadamia nut trees have been a major small-holder crop in Kenya for the last 30 years.
The tropical climate found around the equator in Kenya, along with the fertile soils found in the Kenyan highlands, makes for ideal Macadamia growing conditions.

Fairoils conducts all macadamia processing at our Athi River facility, south of Nairobi, Kenya.
The very hard exterior shell of the Macadamia nut is cracked (and retained) to extract the oil-rich kernel.
Fairoils then cold presses on purpose-built oil presses to produce a pure & natural macadamia nut oil.

Macadamia nut oil is double-filtered before being stored in large stainless-steel tanks capped with nitrogen, to preclude oxidation.
Kenya is a major food-grade kernel exporter into the US & Europe.
The very selective nature of the export industry means a large portion of nuts are rejected.

Fairoils provides these farmers a valuable second income stream by offering them a market for their rejected nuts.
The main harvest season in Kenya is from March to August, but often kernel exporters hold large volumes of nuts allowing for rejected kernels to be available until October/ November.

The macadamia kernel has a very high oil content yielding 58% to 60% of oil by weight. Macadamia nut oil contains one of the highest levels of monounsaturated fats amongst all food-grade oils including Olive Oil.
Macadamia nut oil is rich in essential fatty acids and also contains Omega 3, Omega 6 and Omega 7.



HEALTHY FATS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil has one of the highest concentrations of monounsaturated fats (oleic acid) of available oils.
This incredible omega-9 fat, oleic acid, helps maintain a healthy heart. In fact, Macadamia nut oil's considered the gold standard for optimizing the health of our internal environment.
Macadamia nut oil is so high in monounsaturated fats (84-85% by weight) that it even surpasses extra virgin olive oil (65-74% by weight).



IDEAL RATIO OF ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS, MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil has a perfect ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids, 1:1.
Our hunter-gatherer ancestors ate an equal balance (1:1 ratio) of linoleic acid (Omega-6) to alpha linolenic acid (Omega-3) essential fatty acids (EFAs).
Junk food, rampant vegetable oil use, and the feeding of grain to food animals (even fish) have resulted in our current consumption ratios rising to a scary 20:1 ratio.



GREAT FOR COOKING, MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil has an extremely high smoke point (410 degrees), which means it's excellent for stir-fry and baking.
Olive oil has a much lower smoke point (325 degrees or less) and Macadamia nut oil degrades when used in cooking.
Macadamia nut oil has a sweet buttery taste, is resistant to oxidation, and is extremely high in vitamin E (four times higher than olive oil) making it the ideal heart-healthy, performance-enhancing, fat.



BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil is cold pressed from the nut of the macadamia tree, an evergreen with white to pink and purple flowers, which is native to Australia.
Most of the commercially cultivated Macadamia ternifolia trees are now located in Hawaii and East Africa.
The macadamia nut oil is high in omega 7, palmitic acid (22%) which is excellent for treating dry, mature and damaged skin.

Macadamia nut oil's hydrating effects are long lasting and the moisture is retained for many hours.
If used on its own, Macadamia nut oil may feel a little heavy with its oily, protective barrier on the skin.
Macadamia nut oil can be combined in massage blends and skincare formulations with one of the lighter oils, such as apricot or grapeseed, to reduce heaviness and increase absorption.


The rich, ‘cushiony’ feel of Macadamia nut oil is a quality that is particularly useful where a heavier cream is desired, such as highly emollient creams and sun lotions.
Its ability to leave a silky, non-greasy finish also makes Macadamia nut oil popular in hair products for smoothing the cuticle and leaving a lustrous shine.

As far as nuts go macadamia nuts are king because they are highest in healthy monounsaturated fats and lowest in inflammatory omega-6 fats.
Macadamia nut oil is an extremely stable oil, with a longer shelf life than many other cold pressed oils.
The stability, together with its emollient quality and similarity to human sebum, make Macadamia nut oil a popular ingredient in cosmetics, especially skincare formulas.

Macadamia nut oil is not only nutritious in terms of its oils, but in its host of vitamins – A, B1, B2, B6, C and E – and its mineral content.
Macadamia nut oil’s phytosterol content is attributed with aiding skin recovery, reducing itchiness and inflammation (like a ‘natural cortisone’).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Appearance: pale yellow to amber oily liquid (est)
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Saponification Value: 193.00 to 198.00
Flash Point: > 320.00 °F. TCC ( > 160.00 °C. )
Soluble in: cyclomethicone, dimethicone, cloudy, glycerin, cloudy, isopropyl myristate,
mineral oil, propylene glycol, cloudy, sorbitol, cloudy,
soybean oil, sunflower oil, water, 2.551e-020 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Insoluble in:, water, dimethicone, alcohol, propylene glycol, sorbitol, glycerin
APPEARANCE AT 20°C Slight viscous clear liquid
COLOR Pale yellow to yellow-orange
ODOR Nearly odorless
OPTICAL ROTATION (°) 0 / 0
DENSITY AT 20°C (G/ML)) 0,905 - 0,920
REFRACTIVE INDEX ND20 1,4600 - 1,4700
FLASHPOINT (°C) 340
SOLUBILITY Insoluble in water
ASSAY (% GC) Oleic acid: 55-65% - palmitoleic acid: 15-30%
ACID VALUE (MG KOH/G) < 5
Botanical Name: Foliage of the Macadamia Tree
Macadamia integrifolia
Aroma: Sweet, Fatty and Nutty.
More Fragrant than Sweet Almond Oil and Other Nut Oils.
Viscosity: Thick
Absorption/Feel: Macadamia Nuts
Leaves an Oily Film on the Skin
Color: Clear with a Yellow Tinge

Macadamia Nut Oil is an oil, commonly known as witch hazel, obtained from Macademia hazelnut.
In other words, Macadamia Nut Oil is obtained from Macademia hazelnut.



CAS Number: 159518-86-2



Macadamia Nut Oil is made from high-quality nuts from Australia’s sunshine state, Queensland.
As well as its natural health benefits, the Macadamia Nut Oil is the perfect oil to use with food.
Macadamia Nut Oil has a buttery and delicate quality, and is perfect for high-heat cooking (smoke point 210°C).


Bring a touch of smoothness to your meals with this delicious oil, Macadamia Nut Oil.
Transform Your Meals With Our Delicious Macadamia Nut Oil
By using our extra virgin Macadamia Nut Oil in your cooking, you can transform a regular meal into something special.


Macadamia Nut Oil is an oil, commonly known as witch hazel, obtained from Macadamia hazelnut.
Macadamia Nut Oil contains high amounts of palmitoleic acid, okeic acid and linoleic acid.
Macadamia Nut Oil also contains omega-6,7 and 3. In addition to all these, it has vitamin E and antioxidant properties.


Macadamia Nut Oil is an oil, commonly known as witch hazel, obtained from Macademia hazelnut.
In other words, Macadamia Nut Oil is obtained from Macademia hazelnut.
Macadamia Nut Oil has vitamin E and antioxidant properties.


Macadamia Nut Oil is used in the field of phytotherapy, the most preferred type of Witch Hazel in cosmetics is “Hamamelis Virginiana”.
Macadamia Nut Oil has been determined that the valuable components contained in witch hazel oil have many benefits on the skin.
In the field of cosmetics, witch hazel oil also has moisturizing, firming, repairing, strengthening, anti-aging, antioxidant, sebum-balancing and cleansing, anti-redness and anti-acne properties.


To have a healthy skin and hair, care with Macadamia Nut Oil.
Ingredients: Hamamelis Virginiana Bark / Leaf Extract
There are no other oils or mixtures in the product content.


Macadamia Nut Oil is produced in its pure form.
Macadamia Nut Oil does not contain any preservatives.
Macadamia Nut Oil is obtained from the macadamia nut (Macadamia Ternifolia), a tree that grows mainly in Australia, South Africa and the Pacific regions.


The oil content of the fresh Macadamia Nut Oil is 75%.
The cold pressed oil, Macadamia Nut Oil, is pale yellow or gold with a characteristic odour.
Macadamia Nut Oil is customary to use the refined quality which is almost colourless/a pale yellow and is almost odourless.


Macadamia nut oil contains 80% monounsaturated fatty acids, with a ratio of 3:1 oleic and palmitoleic.
Macadamia Nut Oil is one of the oils with a higher content of palmitoleic, about 20%, and it is this content that differentiates it from other oils.
Macadamia Nut Oil is easily absorbed in the surface layers of the skin with an anti-inflammatory action.


Macadamia Nut Oil is also valued for its draining action, anti-inflammatory and protection of the circulatory system.
Macadamia Nut Oil is used for facial and body application.
Macadamia Nut Oil has emollient, nourishing, softening and firming properties.


People often overlook Macadamia Nut Oil for cooking, but it is a healthful source of unsaturated fats, vitamin E, and antioxidants.
Macadamia Nut Oil also has a higher smoke point than many other fats and oils, including olive oil.
This makes Macadamia Nut Oil a good choice for sautéing, roasting, and grilling.


Some people also use pure Macadamia Nut Oil as a skin moisturizer and hair conditioner, claiming that topical application has a number of health benefits.
However, most of the evidence for these benefits is largely anecdotal or indirect.
Macadamia Nut Oil is generally safe to use in both cooking and on the hair and skin.


Macadamia Nut Oil, also known as macadamia oil, is a non-volatile oil extracted from the nuts of the macadamia tree (Macadamia integrifolia), indigenous to Australia.
Macadamia Nut Oil is cold-pressed from the nuts of the Macadamia integrifolia tree, native to Australia. With its beautiful nutty odour.


Macadamia Nut Oil, made only with the finest sourced nuts.
Macadamia Nut Oil's rich and nutty flavor and nutritional benefits make it popular for cooking, roasting and dressings, or as an alternative to butter for baking and frying.


This is a fantastic, regenerative oil, Macadamia Nut Oil, which is high in mono-unsaturated fatty acids and contains levels of Palmitoleic Acid unlike any other known plant oil.
This promotes youthful, hydrated skin.


Rich in Omega 3 and 6 fatty acids, Macadamia Nut Oil has been successfully used to help heal scars and sunburns and is considered safe for use in facial and baby products too.
Macadamia Nut Oil is thicker than most carrier oils with a soft and slightly sticky feel on the skin and can take up to one hour to be absorbed.


This long surface time provides good lubrication which makes Macadamia Nut Oil excellent for whole body massage oils.
Once absorbed, Macadamia Nut Oil leaves the skin feeling soft and smooth.
This fatty acid is also present in human sebum, which decreases with age, which is why Macadamia Nut Oil can be beneficial in anti-ageing formulations.


Macadamia Nut Oil has been cold pressed straight from the nut.
The cold pressing process helps to retain all the nutritional qualities found within the Macadamia Nut Oil.
Macadamia Nut Oil contains one of the highest levels of mono-unsaturated fat amongst the culinary oils which makes it an important addition to a healthy diet.


Macadamia Nut Oil is also high in antioxidants and Omega 3 & Omega 6.
The Macadamia tree, or Macadamia integrifolia, is a small tree native to Queensland, Australia.
The Macadamia tree grows between 2 and 12 meters high and is an evergreen species.


This tree produces white, pink or purple flowers as well as a woody fruit that when cracked open displays two seeds.
These seeds, or nuts, are known as macadamia nuts and when cold- pressed produce an oil.
The oil is golden or pale yellow in colour and has very little scent.


The Macadamia tree obtained its name from the German-Australian botanist Ferdinand von Mueller who named the tree after his friend and scientist, Dr. John Macadam.
Indigenous people in Queensland had been consuming macadamia nuts for centuries before Europeans had discovered it.


Indigenous cultures refer to the Macadamia Nut Oil as bauple, gyndl, jindilli, and boombera.
Macadamia Nut Oil boasts many health benefits due to its high levels of selenium, zinc and fatty acids.
Macadamia Nut Oil is a rich source of oleic acid and palmitoleic acid, fatty acids found naturally in the skin.


Palmitoleic acid contains squalene, preventing against winter chapping.
Macadamia Nut Oil is a highly nutrient dense oil extracted from the nuts of the Macadamia integrifolia tree.
This abundant tree is native to Australia and is also found in certain regions of Hawaii.


Macadamia nut oil has an exquisite taste and is a true delicacy with a fine, delicate, buttery flavour.
The large round macadamia nuts are carefully peeled and processed and are organically grown.
Pamper yourself with this cold-pressed organic luxury oil, Macadamia Nut Oil!


Enjoy this exquisite oil, Macadamia Nut Oil, on green salads or fresh cheeses, or with fish, soups and fresh juices.
Pour over fine desserts and enjoy the slightly sweet, lively flavour of Macadamia nut oil.
Macadamia Nut Oil has a pale yellow color and a slightly nutty flavor.


After opening Macadamia Nut Oil must be stored in the refrigerator. Macadamia Nut Oil is recommended to consume one teaspoon a day.
Macadamia Nut Oil is the healthiest of all cooking oils, at 80% monounsaturated.
Macadamia Nut Oil tastes good, too!


We love the subtle, nutty flavor of this pure macadamia nut oil
Ideal for stir fry and sauté dishes with a high smoke point of 389°F.
Macadamia Nut Oildelicious with fish, chicken and vegetable dishes.


Excellent as Macadamia Nut Oil for salad dressings or to be used in baking as a substitute for butter.
Macadamia Nut Oil is a refined oil with is very light with a neutral odor.
Macadamia Nut Oil is rich in palmitoleic acid, which is bound to a natural triglyceride, therefore it is easily absorbed into the upper skin layers.


Macadamia Nut Oil has excellent spreading properties.
Macadamia Nut Oil has emollient, regenerative and skin conditioning properties.
Best if Macadamia Nut Oil is used within 9 months of the manufacture date.


Macadamia Nut Oil is a rich, restorative oil.
Macadamia Nut Oil can help fight the signs of ageing and is an ideal carrier oil for the face.
Macadamia Nut Oilcomes from the pressed nuts of the Macadamia Tree.


Macadamia Nut Oil has an exotic scent which works well with robust, woody aromatherapy essential oils such as Sandalwood, Cedarwood and Frankincense.
Macadamia Nut Oil is a delight for the skin.
Macadamia Nut Oil contains monounsaturated fatty acids, and closely resembles sebum (the oil naturally produced by one's skin to help protect it) and absorptions quickly into skin.


Macadamia Nut Oil is an unrefined oil that is sensitive to light and will degrade accordingly.
Macadamia Nut Oil has a beautiful nutty odor.
Macadamia Nut Oil is an especially rich oil that is recommended for mature skin care.


Macadamia Nut Oil contains high levels of palmitoleic acid which protects against environmental damage and squalene which regenerates skin cells and provides a protective barrier layer. Ideal for winter skin care products and lip care.
Macadamia Nut Oil is cold-pressed and unrefined so it has a distinctive nutty scent.


Macadamia Nut Oil can be blended with other vegetable oils to dilute the aroma whilst still making the most of its beneficial properties.
Macadamia nut oil is expeller pressed from the kernels of the macadamia tree’s fruit, yielding a versatile lightweight oil naturally high in palmitoleic and oleic fatty acid content.


Macadamia Nut Oil is virgin, meaning it is unrefined and therefore carries a characteristic color and nutty aroma with natural variation due to the raw material.
Macadamia Nut Oil is relatively stable with resistance to oxidation due to its fatty acid makeup and has a higher smoke point than a large portion of other vegetable oils.


Macadamia Nut Oil is an excellent ingredient in cosmetic and personal-care formulations due to its natural emollient properties.
Macadamia Nut Oil is excellent skin care oil for all skin types.
Macadamia Nut Oil is known as “the vanishing oil” as it is very readily absorbed due to it’s similarity to the fatty acid profile of skin.


Macadamia Nut Oil is very high in palmitoleic acid, one that our skin’s production of diminishes as we age.
Macadamia nut oil contains approximately 60% oleic acid, 19% palmitoleic acid, 1-3% linoleic acid and 1-2% α-linolenic acid.
Some varieties contain roughly equal omega-6 and omega-3.


Although macadamia is cultivated in many different parts of the world, the oil’s fatty acid profile is not greatly influenced by environmental factors.
Macadamia Nut Oildisplays chemical properties typical of a vegetable triglyceride oil.
Macadamia Nut Oil is also very stable due to its low polyunsaturated fat content


Macadamia Nut Oil contains up to 85% monounsaturated fats
Macadamia Nut Oil has an unrefrigerated shelf life of one to two years
Macadamia Nut Oil has a smoke point of 210 °C


Macadamia Nut Oil has a flashpoint of over 300 °C
The Macadamia is a large tropical tree, known above all for its little round nut with a very delicate taste and high oil content.
Native to the forests of Australia, the Macadamia is now cultivated mainly in Hawaii and on Kenyan plateaus.


The Macadamia nut has been known in Aboriginal medicine for thousands of years by virtue of the great treasure it contains, a softening and repairing oil that is particularly rich in unsaturated fatty acids.
Macadamia Oil comes from the pressed nuts of the Macadamia tree.


After cold pressed process, we get a pale-yellow vegetable oil that is light, non-greasy, and easily absorbed into the skin and hair shaft.
Macadamia Nut Oil is priceless delight for the skin.
Oleic aci, which is omega-9 fatty acid, is very moisturizing and regenerating.


Together with linoleic acid in Macadamia Oil helps restore skin’s barrier function and reduce water loss.
Macadamia Nut Oil is an excellent carrier for all anti-aging benefits.
Omega-7 fatty acids also protect hair strands from breaking easily. Ideal for handling heavy curls and frizz hair.



USES and APPLICATIONS of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia Nut Oil is primarily used in unheated forms, such as dressings and drizzles.
This is based on the premise that its unheated use better preserves the oil's delicate flavor and nutritional components.
Therefore, while Macadamia Nut Oil's heat tolerance supports its use in cooking, it is often preferred in raw applications to fully leverage its unique flavor profile.


Macadamia Nut Oil is used in culinary applications as a frying or salad oil, and in cosmetics for its emollient properties and as a fragrance fixative.
Macadamia Nut Oil is rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, and closely resembles sebum (the oil naturally produced by our skin to help protect it) and hence absorbs quickly into the skin without feeling greasy.


Macadamia Nut Oil has been used by Indigenous Australians for thousands of years for both medicinal purposes and cosmetic purposes.
Macadamia nut oil is one of the highest sources of Palmitoleic Fatty Acids, a monounsaturated fatty acid found in the sebum of skin.
As we age our skin becomes depleted of this sebum, which is why Macadamia Nut Oil works wonder for aging and mature skin.


Macadamia Nut Oil has a reasonable smoke point (210°C) which means it can be used in stir fries, sautéing as well as being used instead of butter in baking recipes or to coat vegetables.
You could also use Macadamia Nut Oil to dress salads.


Macadamia Nut Oil is thought to penetrate the skin better and more deeply than most other carrier oils and leaves no oily residue.
This makes Macadamia Nut Oil a great base oil to use for massage blends with essential oils as it helps to infuse the positive properties of the essential oils into the skin.


Macadamia Nut Oil is easily-absorbed and a fantastic skin conditioner.
Macadamia Nut Oil is especially beneficial for dry, mature and wrinkle-prone skin as it has high amounts of the same palmitoleic acid found in the sebum of humans.


Macadamia Nut Oil works very well on its own but is even better when used as a carrier oil combined with pure essential oils.
Macadamia Nut Oil is very beneficial for the skin, enhancing the skins own restorative and protective properties and helping to support the skins ability to heal itself.


Macadamia Nut Oil is a potent source of Omega-9 fatty acids and can be used in many ways for personal care and to enhance any cuisine.
As skin gets older it produces less sebum making Macadamia Nut Oil perhaps the perfect oil for ageing skin.
Macadamia Nut Oil is rich in nutrients and essential fatty acids and has exceptionally good absorption properties.


Macadamia Nut Oil has historically been used for scars, sunburn, minor wounds and other skin irritations.
Macadamia Nut Oil is particularly popular as a facial massage oil in beauty salons and is also good for adding moisture to the décolletage after sun exposure.


Macadamia Nut Oil is easily absorbed into the skin, making it a common carrier oil used in topical skincare products such as face serums, lotions, skin creams, and moisturizers.
In addition to personal-care uses, Macadamia Nut Oil is sought-after throughout the culinary industry as a cooking oil and in a variety of sauces, salad dressings, and packaged food items.


Macadamia Nut Oil is used Skincare formulas, creams, lotions, massage oils, reflexology creams/oils, hair-care and bath products.
Totally edible – Macadamia Nut Oil can be used in food as a frying or salad oil, as well as in cosmetic formulations as an emollient or fragrance fixative.


Macadamia Nut Oil can also be used for frying as it has a high heat capacity.
Use on Macadamia Nut Oilown (it does have a nutty smell, somewhat similar to macadamia nuts!!) or blend with Rosehip oil, Rose, Neroli or other essential oils for a truly exquisite facial treat!


-Uses of Macadamia Nut Oil in food:
Macadamia Nut Oil possesses properties conducive to high-heat cooking, such as a high smoke point and resistance to oxidative degradation.
These qualities suggest its suitability for culinary techniques involving heat.
A study examining the blend of refined bleached deodorized palm olein oil and Macadamia integrifolia oil for deep-fat frying found that the latter displayed enhanced stability and reduced oxidation, highlighting its potential for high-temperature cooking applications.


-Topical skin application:
Macadamia Nut Oil is an ingredient in many skin care products, but can a person also apply the pure oil directly to the skin.
It is important to test Macadamia Nut Oil on a small area of the skin first. ,
Although Macadamia Nut Oil is generally safe, some people may develop a rash after applying it directly to the skin.
People with tree nut allergies should avoid using Macadamia Nut Oil.


-Uses Of Macadamia Nut Oil For Cooking:
Macadamia Nut Oil being an extremely pleasant tasting oil is extremely versatile.
Macadamia Nut Oil has a smooth buttery flavor and may be used for roasting, baking, and deep frying deep frying.
Macadamia Nut Oil is also great for salad dressing and as a butter substitute in baking.
Macadamia Nut Oil can also be used as a foundation for salad dressings and a butter alternative in baking.



BENEFITS AND USES OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Used cosmetically or topically in general, Macadamia Nut Oil is reputed to refresh, revive, and strengthen the skin with its emollience.
It is believed to even out the complexion with toning properties that promote the clearing of conditions such as acne and eczema, thereby enhancing skin's texture and appearance.

Being light in consistency, Macadamia Nut Oil exhibits fast absorption into the skin without clogging pores and makes both a reparative moisturizer for dry, blemished skin as well as an ideal ingredient in natural massage blends.
Macadamia Nut Oil works to balance oil production in the skin of all types while soothing inflammation and shielding skin against harsh environmental pollutants.

When used in haircare applications like as an ingredient in natural shampoos or conditioners, Macadamia Nut Oil has the same protective effect, conditioning the hair and scalp to naturally calm inflammation and promote the health, luster, growth, and strength of the strands.
Macadamia Nut Oil is also great for lips, it locks in moisture and softens lips naturally.



5 BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL FOR YOUR SKIN:
1. Smoother skin
Macadamia nut oil helps to achieve smoother skin and helps to build and strengthen the skin barrier.
Oleic acid, found in macadamia nut oil, is great for maintaining skin suppleness.
Macadamia nut oil has a lot of additional fatty acids in addition to oleic acid, which help to soften your skin and protect it from ever feeling tight or dry.


2. Hydrated
In terms of hydration, the water you're drinking nourishes every other part of your body and your skin is the last body part that gets any hydration.
Drinking a lot of water won't give you exceptionally moisturised skin.
We recommend you try Macadamia nut oil because it has everything your skin needs to be hydrated and maintain its own natural moisture balance.
Macadamia oil is packed with vitamin E, which binds to water and keeps it in the cells of your skin.


3. Calm
Do you have sensitive skin?
Does your face become red and inflamed no matter what you put on it?
Macadamia nut oil contains higher quantities of Omega 3 and Omega 6 fatty acids, which have potent calming properties.

Even the most sensitive skin types can benefit from macadamia nut oil since it has a balanced amount of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids.
Macadamia nut oil can help calm and soothe skin that is red, itchy, dry, flaky, or otherwise irritated in order to help it return to its normal equilibrium.
Even if your skin is naturally oily, macadamia nut oil is a fantastic choice for you.
Macadamia Nut Oil improves your skin’s natural oil barrier.


4. Antioxidant Rich
Antioxidants are essential for the health of your skin cells.
Free radicals are unstable molecules that attach to your skin cells and harm them.
Antioxidants assist your skin cells fight off and neutralise the free radicals.

Free radicals are produced by the sun's ultraviolet radiation, smoking, pollution, and even food additives like sugar.
Skin that has been damaged by free radicals seems dull and older than it actually is.
Squalene, one of the most potent antioxidants found in macadamia nut oil, is also its best antioxidant.

Your cell's reaction to free radical stresses is lessened by squalene.
Your body produces squalene naturally, but as we get older, these levels decrease.
This is where macadamia nut oil comes in handy, supplying squalene to the cells, shielding our skin, and enabling it to age in the most elegant way.


5. Visibly reduce the appearance of wrinkles
By promoting the regeneration of skin keratinocytes, the palmitoleic acid and squalene found in macadamia nut oil may work to delay the onset of wrinkles.
Additionally, linoleic acid aids in maintaining the skin's moisture content and suppleness by lowering trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL).
Macadamia oil's moisturising properties are beneficial for dry skin, aged skin, newborn skin, lip balms, and eye creams.



BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
This oil is cold pressed from the nut of the macadamia tree, an evergreen with white to pink and purple flowers, which is native to Australia.
Most of the commercially cultivated Macadamia ternifolia trees are now located in Hawaii and East Africa.

Macadamia Nut Oilis high in omega 7, palmitic acid (22%) which is excellent for treating dry, mature and damaged skin.
Macadamia Nut Oil's hydrating effects are long lasting and the moisture is retained for many hours.
If used on its own, Macadamia Nut Oil may feel a little heavy with its oily, protective barrier on the skin.

Macadamia Nut Oil can be combined in massage blends and skincare formulations with one of the lighter oils, such as apricot or grapeseed, to reduce heaviness and increase absorption.

The rich, ‘cushiony’ feel of Macadamia Nut Oil is a quality that is particularly useful where a heavier cream is desired, such as highly emollient creams and sun lotions.
Its ability to leave a silky, non-greasy finish also makes Macadamia Nut Oil popular in hair products for smoothing the cuticle and leaving a lustrous shine.

As far as nuts go macadamia nuts are king because they are highest in healthy monounsaturated fats and lowest in inflammatory omega-6 fats.
Macadamia Nut Oil is an extremely stable oil, with a longer shelf life than many other cold pressed oils.
The stability, together with its emollient quality and similarity to human sebum, make Macadamia Nut Oil a popular ingredient in cosmetics, especially skincare formulas.

Macadamia Nut Oil is not only nutritious in terms of its oils, but in its host of vitamins – A, B1, B2, B6, C and E – and its mineral content.
Macadamia Nut Oil’s phytosterol content is attributed with aiding skin recovery, reducing itchiness and inflammation (like a ‘natural cortisone’).



10 BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL FOR SKINCARE:
Other than jojoba oil (which is actually considered a waxy ester as opposed to an oil) it's the closest match to the naturally occurring sebum of the skin.
Macadamia Nut Oil is hypoallergenic and non-comedogenic oil.
Macadamia Nut Oil contains squalene and oleic acid that assists with cell regeneration, making this oil particularly useful for dry or chapped skin as it softens and moisturises.

Macadamia Nut Oil contains omega 6 linoleic acid which is useful for balancing sebum production in oily skin and creates a natural protective barrier.
The shell in which Macadamia Nut Oil is housed and added to the oil is rich in naturally occurring vitamin E.
Oils extracted from macadamia contain omega 7 or palmitoleic acid, which is beneficial for wound healing, wounds, scratches and burns.

Macadamia Nut Oil contains phytosterols that assist with itchiness and redness.
Macadamia Nut Oil's highly emollient oil, yet light and penetrating that's excellent for dry and mature skins that have a reduced production of natural sebum.

The oil extracted from Macadamia Nut Oil has excellent spreadability, lubrication and penetration properties that imparts a smooth non greasy after effect.
Macadamia Nut Oil also has a slight sunscreen effect.
When you eat it, Macadamia Nut Oil has the perfect balance of omega 3:6 ratio (essential fatty acids our bodies don’t manufacture).

Omega-3 is a renowned anti-inflammatory and omega-6 is a pro-inflammatory, making it useful for any disease that is inflammatory in nature such as arthritis and cardiovascular disease.

Apart from all the goodies it delivers to your skin, the composition of oil extracted from macadamia is rich in phytochemical compound such as tocopherols, squalene and tocotrienols, which protect the oil against oxidation.
While a lot of oils go rancid fairly quickly, Macadamia Nut Oil is considered stable once harvested for a period of two years.



HOW TO USE MACADAMIA NUT OIL IN YOUR COOKING:
*As a salad dressing
For a delicious salad dressing, Macadamia Nut Oil makes a great base.
Macadamia salad dressing recipe is quick and simple to make, combine Macadamia Nut Oil, red-wine vinegar, caster sugar, Dijon mustard, salt and pepper and apply liberally.


*As a marinade
Macadamia Nut Oil also makes a fantastic base for a full-flavoured marinade.
Moroccan lamb with macadamia rice pilaf recipe is a hearty and healthy meal, sure to prove a hit with your family.
Lamb backstraps are marinated with a flavoursome mixture of mac oil, garlic, cumin and sumac.


*In a stir fry
A hot wok and Macadamia Nut Oil is the perfect starting point for your next stir fry.
This chicken, mushroom and Macadamia Nut Oil stir fry is a quick and crowd-pleasing mid-week family dinner.

Macadamia Nut Oil as a substitute for butter when baking.
Another smart way to use Macadamia Nut Oil is as substitute for butter.

In this decadent spiced chocolate fruit cake recipe, raisins, prunes, rum and chocolate feature alongside the secret ingredient: half a cup of Brookfarm’s Premium Grade Maca Oil.
The cake is best enjoyed with a generous serve of vanilla ice cream or custard.


*For roasting
Breathing new life into the Sunday roast, this roast chicken with Macadamia Nut Oil couscous stuffing is a delicious twist on the classic roast chook.
To impress guests, our roasted potato skins with macadamias, bacon, rocket and blue cheese is a tapas-style party winner.


*Macadamia Nut Oil for deep-frying
This an be used for deep-frying, offering a healthier alternative to other frying oils.
This beer battered fish with macadamia salt and pepper dust perfectly shows off the benefit of deep-frying with mac oil – the result is crisp and delicious battered fish.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING MACADAMIA NUT OIL ON YOUR SKIN?
This is an ideal choice for skincare products as Macadamia Nut Oil contains over 20% Palmitoleic Acid, which helps to retain moisture in the skin.
Macadamia Nut Oil is therefore a particularly good ingredient to have in products for mature or dry skin.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF USING MACADAMIA NUT OIL ON YOUR HAIR?
When used in haircare products Macadamia Nut Oil can be used for conditioning the scalp as it will help to keep the hair soft and thicker without feeling sticky.
Regular use of Macadamia Nut Oil in hair products helps the hair to hold its sheen for longer with a glossier appearance.
Macadamia Nut Oil also makes dry, curly hair much more flexible and easier to manage.



THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia Nut Oil is a healthy oil that people use for cooking.
There may also be health benefits of using Macadamia Nut Oil for the heart, hair, and skin.
Macadamia nuts grow on macadamia trees, which are native to Australia.

Similarly to olive oil, Macadamia Nut Oil is a liquid at room temperature.
People use Macadamia Nut Oil in cooking and health and beauty applications.
Macadamia Nut Oil is rich in nutrients, including healthful fatty acids and potassium.
For this reason, many people believe that Macadamia Nut Oil has a range of health benefits.



COOKING AND EATING, MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
A person can use Macadamia Nut Oil as a substitute for other oils in many dishes.
With a higher smoke point than some other oils, such as olive oil, Macadamia Nut Oil is perfect for sautéing, roasting, and grilling.
Its mild flavor also makes Macadamia Nut Oil a good choice for baked goods or as an appropriate base for salad dressings and marinades.



BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia Nut Oil offers several potential health benefits when a person uses it in cooking and as part of a balanced and healthful diet.
These include:


*Heart health
Consuming Macadamia Nut Oil may support heart health.
Macadamia Nut Oil has high levels of monounsaturated fat.
According to the American Heart Association (AHA), monounsaturated fats can lower levels of bad cholesterol, which, in turn, can reduce a person’s risk of heart attack and stroke.


*Antioxidants
Macadamia Nut Oil is a source of antioxidants.
According to the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, free radicals in the body can cause oxidative stress.
This may play a role in aging and the development of a number of diseases, including cancer.

Consuming antioxidants, however, may help counter these free radicals.
Macadamia Nut Oil is also rich in oleic acid, an unsaturated fatty acid that has antioxidant properties.
Other studies indicate that oleic acid consumption may have a beneficial effect on cancer and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
However, further research is needed to confirm these findings.


*Vitamin E
Macadamia Nut Oil also contains substances called tocotrienols, which are part of the vitamin E family.
Research indicates that vitamin E and tocotrienols are potent antioxidants that may protect against cancer and a variety of other health conditions, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases.



HOW TO USE MACADAMIA NUT OIL FOR COOKING:
Macadamia Nut Oil is an excellent choice for cooking and at the same time it has a number of health benefits as well.
Macadamia Nut Oil has an extremely pleasant flavour being both buttery and nutty.
In addition Macadamia Nut Oil has a very high smoke point thus making it an excellent choice for frying.

Macadamia Nut Oil is high in monounsaturated fats, the healthy fats that lower cholesterol.
A high-grade Macadamia Nut Oil can go a long way in your kitchen.
Monounsaturated fats are healthy fats that lower cholesterol.
Macadamia Nut Oil is also high in antioxidants which fight free radicals which are dangerous atoms that cause damage to your cells.



TASTE OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
With its delicate, smooth and buttery flavours, Olivado Extra Virgin Macadamia Nut Oil is perfect for panfrying or using as a butter substitute when baking.
Macadamia Nut Oil can be used in pastries and all baked goods, as well as omelettes and other egg dishes to lift the texture and taste.
Macadamia Nut Oil’s also great for sizzling steaks in the pan or on the barbecue.



THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
There are surprising health benefits to the Macadamia Nut Oil that add to a healthy lifestyle.
Rich in essential fatty acids, such as palmitoleic acid, which help to prevent premature aging, macadamia nuts are also high in Oleic Acid, which helps to prevent trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), making it perfect for moisturising dry, sensitive skin.

Macadamia Nut Oil also contains a high proportion of this omega-7 monounsaturated fat, it giving your hair an extra boost, either when ingested or rubbed into your curls and locks directly.
Macadamia Nut Oil is also very high in natural antioxidants and contains Omega 3 and Omega 6, which can have a powerful effect on the overall health of the body, as well as a rich source of fibre.



BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Some people claim that there are health benefits to applying Macadamia Nut Oil to the skin.
These benefits include moisturization and the prevention of wrinkles and skin damage.

However, the evidence for these benefits is largely anecdotal or indirect.
The vitamin E present in Macadamia Nut Oil has many properties that may benefit a person’s skin.
For example, Macadamia Nut Oil absorbs easily, making it a good moisturizer for very dry skin.

*Natural hair conditioner
Many people use pure Macadamia Nut Oil to strengthen and condition their hair.
Similarly to using olive oil, a person can take a small amount of the oil and rub Macadamia Nut Oil directly into their hair.
Macadamia Nut Oil is generally best to let the oil soak into the hair for a short amount of time before rinsing out the excess.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
The following are some of the health advantages of Macadamia Nut Oil:

*Cardiovascular Health
Macadamia Nut Oil contains a high concentration of beneficial fatty acids, superior to many other oils.
Triglycerides are essentially fat in the blood, which can be extremely harmful to your heart since they can clog arteries, increasing your risk of atherosclerosis, heart attacks, and strokes.
Macadamia Nut Oil’s high oleic acid content (even higher than olive oil) makes it vital for harmonizing cholesterol levels and lowering triglyceride levels in the blood.


*Levels Of Energy
Although the benefits to heart health and cholesterol balance are obvious,Macadamia Nut Oil have high-calorie content, providing a quick energy boost to the body, which the oil can also deliver.


*Potential Antioxidant
According to studies, Macadamia Nut Oil includes a high quantity of antioxidants, including tocotrienols, which can significantly impact the body’s overall health.
Free radicals are harmful byproducts of cellular metabolism that can cause various chronic disorders, including apoptosis and cell mutation.
Antioxidants are chemicals that neutralize them.
Macadamia Nut Oil’s high antioxidant content makes it a valuable supplement to your immune system and can aid in the cleansing of your entire system.


*Optical Health
Some antioxidants included in Macadamia Nut Oil have been related to improved eye health, including preventing macular degeneration and delaying cataract formation.
This is accomplished through the same free-radical-neutralizing method as Macadamia Nut Oil’s other antioxidant benefits.


*Keeps The Good Fats
Macadamia Nut Oil has a higher smoke point than other oils,.
As a result, when you cook using Macadamia Nut Oil, you’re less likely to burn up the healthy fats that are the primary reason you’re using it in the first place.
This will also assist in preserving Macadamia Nut Oil’s flavor, which is pleasant and valuable to a variety of meals, mainly when used as a salad dressing.



WHAT DOES MACADAMIA NUT OIL LOOK LIKE?
Macadamia Nut Oil is a light to golden yellow coloured, slightly thicker oil.



WHAT DOES MACADAMIA NUT OIL SMELL LIKE?
Macadamia Nut Oil has a faint nutty aroma.



HOW TO USE MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Use up to 100% of Macadamia Nut Oil in anhydrous products such as balms, masks, butters, and scrubs.
You can also use Macadamia Nut Oil in emulsions and haircare products.
Macadamia Nut Oil has good heat stability so can be used in stage 1 (fat stage), good oxidation stability, a fast absorption rate and is oil soluble.



HISTORY AND ORIGINS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Originally native only to Australia, this tree was brought to Hawaii at the end of the 19th century before becoming more widespread later.
The nut itself is a rich source of nutrients, including many different vitamins and minerals, and Macadamia Nut Oil is resistant to rancidity, hence its growth in popularity around the world.



HOW IS MACADAMIA NUT OIL MADE?
Macadamia Nut Oil is obtained from the nuts of the Macadamia tree by cold pressing and filtering.



IS MACADAMIA NUT OIL SUITABLE FOR VEGANS?
Yes, but not for those with nut allergies.



NATURAL CONTENTS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Alongside its valuable oil contents Macadamia Nut Oil also contains important nutrients such as Vitamin B, calcium, iron, and phosphorous.



PROPERTIES OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia Nut Oil is the ultimate carrier oil for skincare products, which is why you'll find it in some of our products.
No matter what your age or skin type, oils are a wonderful skin food.
When you're young, your skin exudes a luminosity and is nicely plump due to the abundance of naturally occurring oils.

As we age, your cell turnover declines and so too does your skin's ability to produce oil.
A topical application of oils is an essential component of age defying skincare.
Oils act as a carrier for other key ingredients, as well as improving the function of the lipid barrier, which keeps the skin moist and hydrated.

But not all oils are created equal.
They have various ratings on the comedogenic scale (a measure of how heavy or light an oil is in relation to clogging the pores).
Comedogenic rating of 0 – this oil does not clog pores.

Comedogenic rating of 1 – slight chance oil will clog pores.
Comedogenic rating of 2 – for most people, the oil will not clog pores.
Comedogenic rating of 3 – some people will be fine using this oil, but many will break out in pimples or acne due to clogged pores.

Comedogenic rating of 4 – most people will break out with this oil, depending on skin type.
Comedogenic rating of 5 – virtually guaranteed to make you break out.

Very few people can tolerate these oils on the skin.
Some people swear by using nothing but coconut oil on their skin and I have to wonder what’s going on there, because coconut oil is highly comedogenic (4 to 5 on the scale).

Macadamia Nut Oil will clog your pores and make you break out eventually if it’s all you’re using. If not, then you're lucky.
Macadamia Nut Oilan oil that is OK for daily use on the rest of the body, and as an added emollient in a facial formulation, but as the only form of hydration for the face, it's a no from me.

One of favourite oils is macadamia, which is a fantastic oil extracted from the meat of the nut.
It’s a 2 to 3 on the comedogenic scale, so most people find their skin tolerates macadamia well.
Not only are macas delicious to eat, but our skin happily soaks up the beneficial properties of this oil.

The macadamia tree is an indigenous species to Australia and is over 60,000 years old.
It’s believed it first began growing in the rainforests of northern NSW and there are now more than six million macadamia trees growing in Australia, many of them planted in order to cater to the high demand for macadamia nut oil in personal care products and cosmetics.



FRUITS, MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia integrifolia is an Australian tree with holly-like leaves that grows well in a moist, organic soil and can withstand temperatures as low as −4.4°C (24 °F).
Seedlings bear in 5–7 years.
The fruit is borne in a case enclosing an extremely hard spherical nut.

The kernel is whitish, sweet and eaten raw or roasted.
The flowers are white to cream and the leaves are in whorls of three.
Propagation is by seed, grafting or air layering.

It is grown commercially.
Common names of the trees are the Australian nut or the Queensland nut.
Species that are “smooth shelled macadamia” are called Macadamia integrifolia and “rough shelled macadamia” are called Macadamia tetraphylla.

Macadamia ternifolia is also the name used for M. integrifolia.
Macadamia integrifolia is native to Australia where it grows in rain forests and close to streams.
Macadamia tetraphylla is native to Southeastern Queensland and Northeastern New South Wales.



OIL OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia Nut Oil content ranges from 65% to 75% and sugar content ranges from 6% to 8%.
These factors result in variable colors and textures when the nuts are roasted under the same conditions.
Macadamia Nut Oil is liquid at room temperature.

The refined oil, Macadamia Nut Oil, is clear, lightly amber-colored with a slightly nutty smell.
Macadamia Nut Oil has a specific gravity of 900–920 and a flash point of over 300 °C (572 °F).
Oil accumulation does not occur until the nuts are fully grown and the shell hardens.

It accumulates rapidly in the kernel during late summer when the reducing sugar content decreases.
The composition of mature, roasted and salted macadamia nuts is shown.
Fresh kernels contain up to 4.6% sugar.

The oil consists of mainly unsaturated fatty acids and is similar in both species, although the proportion of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids appears to be slightly higher in M. integrifolia.



FATTY ACIDS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia Nut Oil contains approximately 60% oleic acid, 19% palmitoleic acid, 1-3% linoleic acid and 1-2% α-linolenic acid.
Macadamia Nut Oil displays chemical properties typical of a vegetable triglyceride oil, as it is stable due to its low polyunsaturated fat content.



BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
Macadamia nut oil is a rich, luxurious oil that is extracted from the nuts of the macadamia tree.
Macadamia Nut Oil is widely used in skincare due to its numerous benefits for the skin.
Here are some of the skin care benefits of macadamia nut oil:

*Moisturizes the skin:
Macadamia Nut Oilis rich in fatty acids that are very similar to the natural oils produced by our skin.
This makes Macadamia Nut Oil an excellent moisturizer for all skin types, including dry and sensitive skin.
Macadamia Nut Oil easily penetrates the skin and helps to keep it hydrated and nourished.

*Anti-aging properties:
Macadamia Nut Oil is also rich in antioxidants that help to fight free radicals that cause skin damage and aging.
Macadamia Nut Oil also contains squalene, which is a natural moisturizer that helps to improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

*Soothes irritated skin:
Macadamia Nut Oil is also known for its anti-inflammatory properties.
Macadamia Nut Oil helps to soothe and calm irritated skin, reducing redness and swelling.
This makes Macadamia Nut Oil an ideal ingredient for people with sensitive or acne-prone skin.

*Protects against sun damage:
Macadamia Nut Oil also contains a natural sun protection factor (SPF) of around 6.
This makes Macadamia Nut Oil a great ingredient for natural sun protection and can be used in combination with other sun protection products.

*Reduces the appearance of scars and stretch marks:
Macadamia Nut Oil is also known to help reduce the appearance of scars and stretch marks.
Macadamia Nut Oil helps to improve skin elasticity and promotes cell regeneration, which can help to fade scars and marks over time.

Overall, Macadamia Nut Oil is an excellent ingredient for skin care.
Its moisturizing, anti-aging, and soothing properties make Macadamia Nut Oil a great choice for all skin types, and its natural SPF makes it an ideal ingredient for natural sun protection.



KEY COMPONENTS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
*Palmitoleic, oleic and palmitic acid



BENEFITS OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
People who use Macadamia Nut Oil as a hair conditioner claim that it can help:
*strengthen hair
*smooth hair
*add shine
*make hair more manageable
Again, the evidence for these benefits is largely anecdotal.



ORGANIC MACADAMIA NUT OIL GOES WELL WITH:
*Vegetables and raw vegetables: carrots, peas, cauliflower, avocado salad
*Meat and fish: beef carpaccio, fish fillets, sole, speckled trout, carp
Side dishes, vegetarian dishes: mozzarella, spaetzle, red cabbage, Amaranth dumplings
*Soups and sauces: vegetable soup, cream of cauliflower soup
*Desserts: fruit salad, dumplings, poppy seed filling, melon cocktail, cheese dumplings
*Lettuces: curly endives, chicory, Chinese cabbage



PROPERTIES AND APPLICATION OF MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
*Macadamia Nut Oil reduces the risk of thrombosis,
*Macadamia Nut Oil improves memory and concentration,protect against the occurrence of coronary heart disease.
*Macadamia Nut Oil strengthens immunity.
*Additionally, macadamia nut oil can also be used in cosmetics: firms, moisturizes and regenerates the skin,
*Macadamia Nut Oil slows the aging process,
*Macadamia Nut Oil accelerates the healing of inflammations,
*Macadamia Nut Oil reduces the appearance of stretch marks and cellulite.
*Macadamia Nut Oil is applied to the hair improves their condition, give them radiance and nourishes the bulb.
*Macadamia nut oil is ideal as a supplement to a variety of salads and salads.
*Macadamia Nut Oil is very popular in the exotic cuisine.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
APPEARANCE AT 20°C : Slight viscous clear liquid
COLOR : Pale yellow to yellow-orange
ODOR : Nearly odorless
OPTICAL ROTATION (°) : 0 / 0
DENSITY AT 20°C (G/ML)): 0,905 - 0,920
REFRACTIVE INDEX ND20 : 1,4600 - 1,4700
FLASHPOINT (°C) : 340
SOLUBILITY : Insoluble in water
ASSAY (% GC) : Oleic acid: 55-65% - palmitoleic acid: 15-30%
ACID VALUE (MG KOH/G) : < 5



FIRST AID MEASURES of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of MACADAMIA NUT OIL:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available