Intumescent paint is a passive fire protection system.
While Intumescent Paints may appear to be a regular paint, it’s not— it’s actually a complex of chemicals held inert in a binder.
When exposed to the heat of a fire, that binder melts, and the chemicals quickly begin to react.


What was previously a thin coating of paint is rapidly transformed into a thick, flame-resistant foam, often up to 25-50 thicker than it previously was.
As that foam is further exposed to fire, it hardens into a highly insulative char, which offers excellent heat protection to the material it’s been applied to.


This char can prevent structural steel from warping or buckling, even after long exposure to high temperature fire.
If you want your structure to have the best fire resistance possible, you’ll want to give intumescent paints serious consideration. Intumescent paints are easy to apply, nice to look at, and can stop a fire in its tracks.


Let’s talk about how Intumescent Paints work and some of the industry ratings you’ll need to know if you’re thinking of using intumescent paints on your structure.
Intumescent Paints have quickly become the industry standard because it’s so easy to apply, and aesthetically pleasing.


But you can’t just slap on a coat and call it a day; when it comes to fire-retardant paint, you have to meet a strict set of standards.
Intumescent paints are considered the lightest form of passive fire protection.
An intumescent is a coating that, when exposed to heat, is rapidly transformed through sublimation, and expands many times its original thickness (up to 100 times), to form a stable, carbonaceous char.


One type of functional coating is a fire-retardant variety (also known as an Intumescent Paints) to insulate steel substrates exposed to fire.
Intumescent Paints is project-dependent but generally understood to mean a coating can withstand temperatures in the range of 200°C to 600°C for a period of time.


The demand for Intumescent Paints is closely tied to construction spending.
The split between U.S. residential and nonresidential construction is 60/40.
Nonresidential construction spending continues to increase (4.1% in 2016).


Construction markets showing double-digit, year-over-year growth include lodging, office, and commercial structures.
Public construction, in areas such as water supply, sewage treatment, and public safety, was down slightly in 2016, but the short-term outlook is positive, depending on U.S. infrastructure spending.


Overall, the average growth in total construction spending has been a robust 8.1% over the last five years.
Intumescent Paints is used cost and time-effective fireproofing solutions for various construction assemblies.
Easy and quick to apply to a wide range of substrate materials, these intumescent and fire-retardant solutions minimize flame spread, smoke production, and structural damage.


Intumescent Paints are more cost-effective than other solutions without sacrificing protection (as low as $0.75 per square foot). Water-based and non-toxic, this fire-retardant, fire-resistant coating is applied just like standard paints (by rolling, brushing, or spraying) and can create a fire-rated wall for your structure in as little as two coats.



USES and APPLICATIONS of INTUMESCENT PAINTS:
Additionally, Intumescent Paints are also widely used as a passive heat protection system in the steel fabrications, construction, marine, and aerospace industries.
Intumescent Paints are typically available in two forms: spray-applied and brush-applied.


While both forms offer effective fire protection, spray-applied Intumescent Paints leaves a thicker layer that often needs to be polished to hide and protect the underlying steel element.
The resultant char reduces the conduction of heat from the fire to the substrate, delaying the time it takes to reach structural failure.


This carbonaceous char must have the ability to remain in situ during any movement of the steel, such as expansion or deflection, until the required protection criteria is achieved.
Intumescent paints are typically applied using airless spray paint equipment for speed and quality of finish, whilst some brands might require large plural spray equipment, although brush and roller applications may also be used.


Depending on the project specification, usually up to 120 minutes, the vast majority of the intumescent materials in the market would need several coatings to be applied in order to reach the required dry film thickness to protect the structure from failure.
Intumescent paints and coatings, sometimes referred to as fireproof, fire resistant paint, flame/fire retardent, firestop or fire rated paints, are used in buildings as a passive fire protection measure to protect structural steel.


Intumescent Paints are usually specified in a fire risk assessment to comply with safety legislation and fire regulations and the level of fire protection or fire resistance is given in minutes which could be 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes.
The key feature of Jotun thin-film Intumescent Paints is that they look much like a normal paint when applied but swell in the event of a fire insulating the structural steel members from high temperatures.


Intumescent Paints work by undergoing a chemical reaction when heated to form an expanded, thermally insulating layer that can help protect against heat loss.
This expansion creates a thick, spongy layer that acts as insulation, protecting the underlying material from fire.


This type of paint, Intumescent Paints, are most commonly used in architecture to create an attractive surface on exposed structural steel elements.
Intumescent Paints is most commonly used in architecture to create an attractive surface on exposed structural steel elements.
The typical fireproofing spray provides a thick and spongy surface that requires a finished surround to conceal and protect the steel members.


Intumescent Paints provide the same level of protection in the form of a thin layer of paint.
Paint is applied to the steel in layers to achieve the thickness required to meet the building code's requirements for protection.
A final coating of Intumescent Paints is applied to the steel.


This paint is tinted with pigment to provide the desired colour.
Intumescent Paints can also be applied to the wooden structural members.
The protection of wood is more about preventing the spread of flames and smoke than Intumescent Paints are about preventing the transmission of heat.


Intumescent Paints can be put to the wood member to offer a rating, but only if the painted appearance is acceptable.
Intumescent Paints can be applied using brushes, rollers or sprays.
Intumescent Paints, often referred to as intumescent paint, is one of the easiest and most efficient ways to protect load-bearing elements of buildings against fire.


Intumescent Paints delays the collapse of the structure through insulating the structural elements (columns, beams, floors and roofs) that support the building, thus helping achieve fire resistance levels specified in terms of time.
Therefore, Intumescent Paints fulfill the highest priority of passive fire protection: preventing the collapse of the building, allowing the time for safe evacuation of people from it and making it safer for the emergency services and rescue team.


Intumescent Paints is an increasingly used way of providing passive fire protection to the load-bearing structures, especially structural steel, which is becoming more and more popular in modern architectural design of both industrial and commercial buildings.
As a means of fire protection, Intumescent Paints present several advantages.


Intumescent Paints do not modify the intrinsic properties of materials, for example, the mechanical properties.
Intumescent Paints are easily processed, and
Different kinds of Intumescent Paints can be used on a variety of materials, such as steel, timbers, composite elements and concrete.


There is demand for Intumescent Paints in specialty coatings sub-segments, such as marine, transportation, onshore/offshore oil and gas production, and new industrial and commercial construction.
The increased use of lightweight materials for transportation, modular homes, and insulation applications is a key driver.


Intumescent Paints are increasingly used to protect spherical structures containing natural gas, peroxides, and other chemicals.
Of special importance in new construction of commercial buildings, Intumescent Paints incorporate flame-retardant chemicals to achieve two distinct industry efficacy ratings.


The first measures flame spread, or how effectively the coating limits flammability (according to ASTM E84).
The second rating demonstrates coating efficacy for delaying and resisting the effects of fire
Intumescent Paints are fire-resistant coatings crucial for safeguarding structural materials (i.e. steel, wood) in construction, transportation, and aerospace.


Comprising ammonium polyphosphate (APP), a carbon source, and a blowing agent, these coatings react chemically to high temperatures.
When exposed to heat, APP decomposes to release phosphoric acid, reacting with the carbon source to create a char layer.
Coated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) has received significant attention due to its superior performance.


Two common coatings for APP are silane and melamine formaldehyde.
Silane coatings improve adhesion between the flame retardant and the polymer matrix, while melamine formaldehyde enhances thermal stability.
Coating APP offers environmental stability, protecting it from moisture and UV radiation for consistent fire protection.


Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) also improves dispersion, adhesion, compatibility with other components, and controlled release of phosphorus during exposure to heat or fire.
This enhances the overall effectiveness, durability, and environmental sustainability of intumescent coatings, making them a focus for their superior performance in fire resistance even in harsh environments.


-Intumescent Paints can be easily applied to:
• Sheetrock
• Oriented strand board (OSB)
• Sheet metal
• PVC
• Steel
• Interior woods
• Exterior woods



FIRE AND INTUMESCENT PAINTS
Range of fire and Intumescent Paints is extensive and comes from some of the leading brands in the industry.
With top coats, base coats and acrylics and matts available in a wide variety of colours, you can achieve the aesthetic appeal you are looking for at the same time as increasing the level of protection in the event of a fire.

These paints and coatings provide a protective char on the surface they are painted onto which reduces the spread of flames and the transfer of heat in the event of a fire.

With paintings and coatings suitable for a wide range of different surfaces, you can feel confident of finding the product you need within our selection.
Feel free to take a closer look at our fire and intumescent paints below to find the right product for your surface before placing your order quickly and easily online today.



WHAT IS DRY FILM THICHNESS (DFT) OF INTUMESCENT PAINTS?
The dry film thickness and quantity of material required for a certain fire resistance time (R 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes or more) depends upon various factors.
Dry film thickness of intumescent products for structural steel is determined by the following factors:

Mass factor (called also massivity, section factor or Hp /A or Ap /V), a ratio between the area of the steel exposed to the fire and the volume of the steel section.

The higher the mass factor, the faster the steel section heats up, and the greater the thickness of fire protection material required.
Exposure or number of faces exposed to fire.

Is the structural steel a column or a beam, a composite element, a hollow section or something else?
Critical temperature, the limiting temperature as a function of the degree of utilization.

The lower the critical temperature, the faster the steel section will reach it, and the greater the thickness of fire protection material required.
Duration or fire rating or the level of protection required (R 60, R 120, etc.).

Test Standards and Approvals.
There are various such Test Standards and Approvals giving different thicknesses for the same protection.



HOW TO CORRECTLY APPLY INTUMESCENT PAINTS TO STEEL MATERIALS - PREPARATION TIPS:
Intumescent Paints are always part of a system.
For steelworks, the system includes an anticorrosive primer and (eventually) a topcoat.

For the former, the purpose is assuring adhesion to the substrate in the cold state, anticorrosion protection and stickability of intumescent char formed during fire exposure, while for the latter, the purpose is serving an aesthetic function and, in case of specific atmospheric aggression, a sealer function to prevent early degradation and inactivation of the intumescent layer and to promote weathering resistance in end-use conditions.

Before being coated with a compatible primer, steelwork must be prepared according to the SA 2.5 Swedish Standard.
If that is already the case, it must be cleaned and free from grease, oil, rust, dirt or any other contaminant that may inhibit the bonding.



HOW EFFECTIVE IS INTUMESCENT PAINTS?
Most recently, Australian Fire Control’s work in Raine Square included spraying intumescent paint into a steel framing system to provide a level of protection and encasing the framing in aluminium to provide further protection from its surroundings.
Intumescent Paints is an integral part of an effective passive fire protection system.

When exposed to extreme temperatures, Intumescent Paints rapidly expand to protect the surface that it's applied.
This prevents, minimizes, or delays fire damage to building structures, ultimately providing time for occupants to evacuate safely.

Intumescent Paints is specially formulated to delay the onset of fire and provide a barrier between the heat of the fire and the surface that which it's applied to.
Intumescent Paints work by charring when exposed to heat, creating an insulating layer that protects the surface from further damage.

In order to be effective, Intumescent Paints must be applied correctly and regularly maintained.
When used correctly, Intumescent Paints can provide an essential line of defence against fire damage.

Intumescent Paints are optimized for 30 to 120 minutes fire protection.
As surface protection Intumescent Paints reache Euroclass Bs1, d0 on a wooden based surface.
In the event of a fire, Intumescent Paints are transformed into a thick, porous foam layer that delays the flow of heat to the treated structure.



WHAT ARE INTUMESCENT PAINTS AND HOW DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS WORK?
Intumescent paints are an important element of passive fire protection, as they can be applied to a variety of combustible building materials in order to bring them into compliance with fire regulations.
Intumescent Paints react when its temperature attains or exceeds 120°C, and the process results in a soft charring effect at its surface (which insulates and reduces transmission of heat into the substrate) and the release of water vapour (which helps to cool the substrate).



HOW DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS WORK?
Intumescent Paints are a reactive coating which swells as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume and decreasing in density.
Specifically, Intumescent Paints are a coating that reacts to heat by swelling in a controlled manner to many times its original thickness, producing a carbonaceous char formed by a large number of small bubbles that act as an insulating layer to protect the substrate.

The purpose of Intumescent Paints is the prevention of the structural collapse of the building, which can occur if load- bearing steel elements reach a critical state.

For steel, this is linked to the critical temperature, defined as the temperature at which the load-bearing capacity becomes equal to the effect of the applied loads (so the steel element is very close to collapse).
Critical temperature of steel can vary from 350 °C to 750 °C, depending mainly on the loading scheme, but in most of the cases between 500 °C and 620 °C.

For concrete, critical state is linked to the critical temperature of the reinforcing bars (normally from 350 °C to 500 °C) and to reaching a temperature of 500 °C inside the concrete element.



HOW LONG DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS LAST?
The performance of Intumescent Paints products can vary depending on the specific type of coating, with some providing 30 minutes, 60 minutes, 90 minutes, or even 120 minutes of protection.
These solutions are especially effective in situations or applications that require a high level of fire protection.



CAN I USE INTUMESCENT PAINTS TO PROTECT CONCRETE OR TIMBER CONSTRUCTIONS?
Intumescent paints can also be used for protecting concrete, in which case the thickness necessary for the given fire resistance time is calculated with regard to the critical temperature of both the steel reinforced bars (between 350 °C and 500 °C) and the concrete cover (the least distance between the surface of embedded reinforcement and the outer surface of the concrete).
Intumescent Paints, especially if transparent, can also be used for protection of timber, reducing the fire reaction and improving the fire rating.



HOW DO I CHOOSE THE BEST TYPE OF INTUMESCENT PAINTS?
The topcoat should be specified based upon the intended use of the system and the environmental conditions.
The following use categories are defined for fire protective products according to ETAG 018:

Type X: Reactive coating system intended for all conditions (internal, semi-exposed and exposed).
Type Y: Reactive coating system intended for internal and semi-exposed conditions.
The latter includes temperatures below zero, but no exposure to rain and limited exposure to UV (ultraviolet) (which is not assessed).

Type Z1: Reactive coating system intended for internal conditions (excluding temperatures below zero) with high humidity.
Type Z2: Reactive coating system intended for internal conditions (excluding temperatures below zero) with humidity classes other than Z1
If protected with a specific topcoat (depending on the weather condition), intumescent paints can also be applied in high-humidity, semi-exposed or exposed conditions.

The main chemical families of topcoats used for environmental protection are:
*two-component polyurethane top coat
*two-component acrylic polyurethane
*copolymer acrylic
*polyurethane
*acrylic PU
*epoxy
*urethane alkyd



WHAT ARE INTUMESCENT PAINTS AND HOW DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS WORK?
Intumescent paints are an important element of passive fire protection, as they can be applied to a variety of combustible building materials in order to bring them into compliance with fire regulations.
Intumescent Paints react when its temperature attains or exceeds 120°C, and the process results in a soft charring effect at its surface (which insulates and reduces transmission of heat into the substrate) and the release of water vapour (which helps to cool the substrate).



WHAT TYPES OF SUBSTRATE CAN BE PROTECTED WITH INTUMESCENT PAINTS?
Structural Steel and Cast iron
Intumescent-paint-for-steel

In the event of fire, structural steel elements can have their load-bearing capability seriously impaired.
The structure may then rapidly collapse, thus impeding evacuation and fire-fighting and endangering personnel.

The duration of protection during a fire often differs between manufacturers and individual products, but it is often between 60 and 120 minutes.
During this period, the load-bearing capabilities of steel should not be impaired.
Many architects specify this type of fire protection, as it allows the incorporation of steel structures as an architectural design feature.



DO I NEED TO APPLY TOPCOATING ON INTUMESCENT PAINTS FOR STEEL PROTECTION?
Intumescent Paints for normal interior application can be used without any additional decorative top layer.
Adding a topcoat is necessary for exterior semi-exposed or high ambient- humidity applications.
The nature of the environment to which the coatings will be exposed may affect their durability or their performance in a fire situation.
If necessary, a topcoat must be applied to the surface of the Intumescent Paints, either as a protection against environmental degradation or for decorative purposes.



COMMON TYPES OF INTUMESCENT PAINTS
1. Water-based Intumescent Paints
Water-based Intumescent Paints are a generally more eco-friendly, and less-chemically smelling option.
Intumescent Paints are the least expensive and produce less odour, however, these coatings are less tolerant to humidity and low temperatures and therefore may take longer to completely cure in such environments.


2. Solvent-based Intumescent Paints
Solvent-based coatings usually used in semi-exposed environments and are tested against weather and temperature variations.
Solvent-based coatings tend to be more resistant to weather conditions as well as temperature changes and humidity.
Intumescent Paints also dry faster and have a smoother finish.


3. Epoxy-based Intumescent
Epoxy-based intumescent is typically used in harsher environments such as the offshore marine industries or the chemical industry because these coatings provide excellent hydrocarbon fire protection.
Epoxy-based intumescent comes in two-parts which when combined, forms a very thick and durable film that insulates the steel member and is highly resistant to corrosion.



HOW DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS WORK?
Intumescent Paints is a type of reactive paint that expands when exposed to heat, forming a char barrier that helps to insulate the underlying material and slow the spread of fire.

Intumescent Paints are often used as a passive fire protection measure in commercial and industrial buildings, as it can provide an extra layer of protection against the spread of fire.
Intumescent Paints can effectively help protect your property from fire damage, and it is important to choose the right formulation for your needs.




8 COMMON QUESTIONS ABOUT INTUMESCENT PAINTS:

HAVE YOU HEARD OF INTUMESCENT PAINTS FOR FIREPROOFING?
Fire protection is crucial for the safety and longevity of your buildings, and protective coatings such as Intumescent Paints can help.
Keep reading to learn more about these formulations and find the answers to eight common questions about intumescent paints.


WHAT ARE INTUMESCENT PAINTS?
Intumescent paints are protective coatings that shield building materials from damage during a fire.
Professional contractors apply intumescent paints to a construction material’s surface, and the paint offers passive fire protection until a fire occurs.

Passive and active fire protection are key elements to preventing damage and injuries during fire emergencies.
Intumescent Paints help protect buildings across a wide range of industries, including everything from industrial and commercial facilities to residential buildings and homes.


HOW DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS WORK?
Because they are passive fire protection materials, intumescent paints do not activate until a fire occurs.
The elevated heat from the flames causes a reaction that activates the protective coating.

This elevated temperature needed to activate Intumescent Paints usually exceeds 200 degrees Celsius.
The chemical reaction causes the coating to swell and char to many times its original thickness.
This swelled, charred layer insulates the building materials underneath and protects them from the flames, providing structural protection.

By minimizing the spread of flames, intumescent coatings help minimize damage during a fire and provide occupants with more time to evacuate the premises and contact emergency services.


WHERE SHOULD YOU USE INTUMESCENT PAINTS?
Building designers, contractors, and planners can use Intumescent Paints on interior and exterior surfaces.
In fact, there are even specialty formulas that help mitigate damage from wildfires.

The main places where fireproofing coatings are useful are a building’s structural materials.
If the building’s beams, frame, and support structure experience fire damage, it can compromise the structural integrity of the whole building.
On the exterior of the building, these paints can protect similar structural materials as well as a building’s siding, foundation, and roofing.


DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS WORK OUTDOORS?
Humidity and strong weather are a challenge when choosing paints and coatings for a home or commercial building.
However, as you now know, manufacturers create intumescent paints for both interior and exterior use.

With specialty formulations, certain paints can hold up to outdoor conditions.
If you live or work in an area with increased risks for wildfires or elevated fire danger, you may want to invest in exterior fire paint.
These paints can be especially useful on worksites with increased fire risks, such as welding or construction sites.


WHAT MATERIALS CAN YOU APPLY INTUMESCENT PAINTS TO?
Now that you know where you can apply fireproof paints, you might be wondering what materials they are compatible with.
There is a wide range of Intumescent Paints formulations that support an even wider variety of building materials.

Intumescent Paints can cover and protect everything from wood to steel beams, depending on the formulation.
Intumescent Paints are always important to examine the type of paint you purchase for your professional painting and contracting jobs.
Make sure you have the right variety of paint for the building you are coating.


WHAT DO YOU DO AFTER INTUMESCENT PAINTS ACTIVATE?
Intumescent paints are good for one use.
They provide passive fire protection from the moment you apply them until they char and expand during a fire event.
After a fire occurs, address the condition of your building’s intumescent-protected materials with safety professionals.

You will need to schedule any repairs to your building, and once complete, you can schedule an application for a new coat of fireproof paint.
Always hire a professional painter for your intumescent coating applications to ensure the paint can set properly and provide optimal passive fire protection.


WHERE TO FIND INTUMESCENT PAINTS PRODUCTS?
Now that you know more about Intumescent Paints and this form of fire protection, you may have an idea of how this technology can protect your own building.
Whether you are interested in intumescent paints for residential or commercial applications, you can find solutions for both at Firefree Inc.

We provide superior Intumescent Paints formulations for both interior and exterior use as well.
Browse our selection of fireproofing materials and coatings today to explore the details of each formulation and its benefits.



CAN YOU PAINT OVER INTUMESCENT PAINTS?
Many new Intumescent Paints clients wonder if these coatings will impact the aesthetic appearance of their homes or commercial buildings.
However, most coatings have minimal aesthetic impact.
In fact, you can even seal and paint over many types of fire-retardant coatings.

Painting over the coatings can help them blend in with the surroundings of the room or building overall.
For example, if you wanted to apply a protective coating around the exterior of your building, you could match a paint to your siding colors.
Tips and tricks such as this help preserve your building’s curb appeal while also providing crucial fire protection.


HOW LONG DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS LAST?
Once your house has a professional fire-resistant paint application, the coating provides protection until a fire event or until it expires. However, intumescent paints last prolonged periods before they require reapplication.

After sitting for long periods, intumescent paints can deteriorate and lose their effectiveness, which is why reapplication is crucial.
The average lifespan of a fireproof coating ranges anywhere from 5 to 50 years, depending on the formulation and application.
Always ask the manufacturer and professional painter for a more exact estimate of when you will need another coat.

However, in the unfortunate case that your paints do become active during a fire, Intumescent Paints have a protection time of anywhere from 30 minutes to 120 minutes.
These specialty 2-hour-rated intumescent paints are ideal for businesses with high fire risks and large numbers of occupants to evacuate.
Intumescent Paints provide increased protection and safety to comply with building codes.



HOW DO INTUMESCENT PAINTS WORK?
Intumescent Paints work when they are subjected to heat.
At temperatures of around 200-250°C, a complex chemical reaction provides insulation from intense heat.
Intumescent Paints undergoes rapid sublimation and extends several times its initial thickness up to 100 times to create a stable, carbonaceous char.

When the paint is applied correctly, Intumescent Paints can keep a building's steel structure from collapsing for up to 120 minutes, ensuring that the required fire rating levels (FRLs) are met.
This amount of time also helps firefighters to bring the situation under control and for buildings to be evacuated.

Without encasing structural steel components in concrete, vermiculite, or fire-rated boards, intumescent coatings can achieve the required FRLs.
This permits structural steel components to become an architectural feature of a building's design and potential cost savings.

Intumescent Paints also protect the substrate from structural deterioration and collapse since steel deteriorates at temperatures above 300°C, resulting in structural collapse and jeopardizing firefighters' lives.
At temperatures around 200°C, Intumescent Paints reacts, protecting the substrate from severe heat.



FIRST AID MEASURES of INTUMESCENT PAINTS:
-Description of first-aid measures
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with
water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed.
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of INTUMESCENT PAINTS:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of INTUMESCENT PAINTS:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of INTUMESCENT PAINTS:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of INTUMESCENT PAINTS:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of INTUMESCENT PAINTS:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

Intumiscent coatings are considered the lightest form of passive fire protection.
An intumescent is a coating that, when exposed to heat, is rapidly transformed through sublimation, and expands many times its original thickness (up to 100 times), to form a stable, carbonaceous char.
The resultant char reduces the conduction of heat from the fire to the substrate, delaying the time Intumiscent coatings takes to reach structural failure.
This carbonaceous char must have the ability to remain in situ during any movement of the steel, such as expansion or deflection, until the required protection criteria is achieved.

CAS: 27138-31-4
MF: C20H22O5
MW: 342.39
EINECS: 248-258-5

Synonyms
BENZOIC ACID N-DIPROPYLENEGLYCOL DIESTER;K-FLEX DP;DIPROPYLENE GLYCOL DIBENZOATE;DIPROPANEDIOL DIBENZOATE;DPGDB;3,3'-OXYDI-1-PROPANOL DIBENZOATE;Dipropylenglycoldibenzoate;oxybis-propanodibenzoate

Intumiscent coatings Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 232 °C5 mm Hg(lit.)
density: 1.12 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.528(lit.)
Fp: >230 °F
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Water Solubility: 8.69mg/L at 20℃
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: IZYUWBATGXUSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 3.9 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 27138-31-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Intumiscent coatings (27138-31-4)

Intumiscent coatings may be used as a diluent for the preparation of polysulfone membranes by heat induced phase separation.
Intumiscent coatings finds potential applications in water treatment and food processing.
Intumiscent coatings may also be used as a plasticizer with poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) for the fabrication of diamond coated PVC.
Intumiscent coatings is a widely used plasticizer that has ether linkages linked with two benzoate groups.

Intumiscent coatings are typically applied using airless spray paint equipment for speed and quality of finish, whilst some brands might require large plural spray equipment, although brush and roller applications may also be used.
Depending on the project specification, usually up to 120 minutes, the vast majority of the intumescent materials in the market would need several coatings to be applied in order to reach the required dry film thickness to protect the structure from failure.

Intumescent coatings may be designed for protection of metals from fire, such as structural steel.
Reviews of the technology are available.
They may be based on a number of resin binders including epoxy, and silicone.
Melamine-formaldehyde resin systems have been used using layered double-hydroxide modified phosphate esters that improved the intumescent properties.

An intumescent is a substance that swells as a result of heat exposure, leading to an increase in volume and decrease in density.
Intumescence refers to the process of swelling.
Intumescent materials are typically used in passive fire protection and require listing, approval, and compliance in their installed configurations in order to comply with the national building codes and laws.

The details for individual building parts are specified in technical standards which are compiled and published by national or international standardization bodies like the British Standards Institute (BSI), the German Institute for Standardization (DIN), the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) or the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Intumescent coatings for steel constructions must be approved in standardized fire tests.
An intumescent is a substance that swells as a result of heat exposure, thus increasing in volume and decreasing in density.
Intumescent materials used in fire protection will increase their volume significantly under the influence of heat (approximately at 200°C).

inula helenium root extract; extract of the roots of the elecampane, inula helenium l., compositae; elecampace P.E.; elecampane root extract CAS NO:84012-20-4

Inuline is a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory.
Inuline is also fermentable fiber, meaning bacteria metabolize it in your large intestine.
Inuline is a soluble dietary fiber with positive effects on the gut microbiome.


CAS Number: 9005-80-5
Chemical formula: C6nH10n+2O5n+1



SYNONYMS:
Inuline, Anthraniloyllycoctonine, Anthranoyllycoctonine, Monoanthraniloyllycoctonine, (+)-Anthranoyllycoctonine, O(sup 14)-Methyldelectine, Swatinine B, Lycoctonine, monoanthranilate (ester), O14-Methyldelectine, BRN 0072684, Lycoctonine, anthraniloyl-, 22413-78-1, Aconitane-7,8-diol, 4-(((2-aminobenzoyl)oxy)methyl)-20-ethyl-1,6,14,16-tetramethoxy-, (1-alpha,6-beta,14-alpha,16-beta)-, 4-21-00-02879 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)Anthranoyllycoctonine, Inuline, CHEBI:2759, CHEMBL451362, 22413-78-1, Anthraniloyllycoctonine, C08659, Q27105808, [(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9S,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-aminobenzoate, [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-8,9-dihydroxy-4,6,16,18-tetramethoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-13-yl]methyl 2-aminobenzoate, C08659, Inuline, Inuline【alkaloid】, ANTHRANOYLLYCOCTONINE, (+)-Anthraniloyllycoctonine, 20-Ethyl-4-[(anthraniloyloxy)methyl]-1α,6β,14α,16β-tetramethoxyaconitane-7,8-diol, 4-[[(2-Aminobenzoyl)oxy]methyl]-20-ethyl-1α,6β,14α,16β-tetramethoxyaconitane-7,8-diol, (+)-4-(2-Aminobenzoyloxymethyl)-20-ethyl-1α,6β,14α,16β-tetramethoxyaconitane-7,8-diol



Inuline is a prebiotic, a compound that encourages the healthy growth of gut bacteria.
Beneficial gut bacteria support gut health and immunity and reduce disease risk.
Inuline is also fermentable fiber, meaning bacteria metabolize it in your large intestine.


Inuline is also a type of oligosaccharide called a fructan.
Fructans are a chain of fructose (sugar) molecules strung together.
Inuline is found naturally in the roots of many foods, such as whole wheat, onions, garlic, and Jerusalem artichokes.


Inuline’s commonly extracted from chicory root and added to foods.
One of the ingredients whose consumption has become widespread due to its health benefits is Inuline.
In case you are wondering, Inuline is a type of prebiotic that cannot be digested or absorbed.


Since Inuline reaches the intestine without being digested, it supports the formation of beneficial bacteria, that is, it acts as a prebiotic.
Inuline is a fructooligosaccharide and is a starchy dietary fiber found in the cell walls of plants.
These soluble dietary fibers, which consist of frucant, a carbohydrate molecule chain, can be taken into the body naturally through food or with Inuline supplements obtained by heating chicory roots.


Apart from its health benefits, Inuline can also be added to processed foods by manufacturers to change the consistency under the name fructooligosaccharide in the content information.
Inuline is a soluble dietary fiber with positive effects on the gut microbiome.


Inuline is thought to help with regulating fat metabolism and blood sugar, as well as easing constipation and depression, for example.
Plants naturally produce Inuline and use it as an energy source, and it’s found in 36,000 different plant species.
Inuline’s considered a prebiotic and is often added to more and more food products because of its benefits and adaptability.


Inuline is a type of prebiotic.
Inuline's not digested or absorbed in the stomach.
Inuline stays in the bowel and helps certain beneficial bacteria to grow.


Inuline is a starchy substance found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, and herbs, including wheat, onions, bananas, leeks, artichokes, and asparagus.
The Inuline that is used in supplements most commonly comes from soaking chicory roots in hot water.
Inuline is a soluble plant fiber that’s present in high amounts in the chicory root plant, along with an estimated 36,000 other plants!


Some foods that contain Inuline include whole wheat, onions, bananas, garlic, asparagus and Jerusalem artichokes — plants that are sometimes called prebiotic foods.
Technically Inuline is a type of fructan, oligofructose carbohydrate.


Inuline’s present inside the roots and stems of plants as a means of storing energy and regulating the plant’s internal temperature.
Inuline contains about one-fourth of the calories of white sugar per gram and has minimal effects on blood glucose levels, making it helpful for diabetics.
Inuline also has osmotically active properties (a benefit to plants because this helps them resist cold temperatures and survive) and a high molecular weight.


This gives Inuline the ability to absorb liquid and to have a natural resistance to digestive enzymes produced by humans.
Inuline is a group of naturally occurring polysaccharides produced by many types of plants, industrially most often extracted from chicory.
Inuline belongs to a class of dietary fibers known as fructans.


Inuline is used by some plants as a means of storing energy and is typically found in roots or rhizomes.
Most plants that synthesize and store Inuline do not store other forms of carbohydrate such as starch.
Inuline is a type of fiber that's found in certain plant foods.


Chicory root is the main source of Inuline in supplement form.
Chicory was originally found in Europe and Asia.
Egyptians grew it thousands of years ago as a medicine.


It's now grown in the U.S.
Your small intestine does not absorb Inuline.
When Inuline reaches your large intestine (colon), bacteria ferment it.


“What is Inuline?”
The question is being investigated with more and more scientific studies every day and the health benefits of Inuline are examined.
Intestinal health, which is maintained through a regular and balanced diet, can be restored to a healthy state with Inuline supplements when it is damaged in some cases.

The intestines always contain many beneficial and harmful bacteria.
Inuline is necessary to support intestinal health throughout life to prevent the decline of beneficial bacteria and ensure that they prevail over harmful bacteria.
The supplements used must be selected under the supervision of an expert and used in appropriate doses.



USES and APPLICATIONS of INULINE:
In the United States in 2018, the Food and Drug Administration approved Inuline as a dietary fiber ingredient used to improve the nutritional value of manufactured food products.

Using Inuline to measure kidney function is the "gold standard" for comparison with other means of estimating glomerular filtration rate.
Dietary fibers like Inuline have been used for hundreds of years to improve bowel functions and gut health, curb appetite, and help maintain heart health, all completely naturally.

People commonly use Inuline by mouth for weight loss, constipation, and diabetes.
Inuline's also used for high blood fats, including cholesterol and triglycerides, and many other conditions, but there is no good scientific evidence to support most of these uses.


-Research demonstrates there are many uses of Inuline-type prebiotics, including:
*gastrointestinal health
*colon cancer prevention
*better blood sugar control and protection against type 2 diabetes
*support for infant nutrition and growth and development in kids
*healthier cholesterol levels and improved lipid metabolism
*improved bone mineralization
*protection from fatty liver disease
*protection from obesity
*enhanced immunity due to probiotic growth


-Uses of Inuline:
Supplement use should be individualized and vetted by a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian nutritionist (RD or RDN), pharmacist, or healthcare provider.

No supplement is intended to treat, cure, or prevent disease.
Inuline is considered a functional food, which means it has a potential benefit on health.

Some people incorporate Inuline-containing foods and supplements into their diet to support gut health, manage blood sugar, control weight, and reduce cancer risk.
Some of these uses of Inuline have more evidence than others.


-Inuline may Improve Gut Health
Inuline fosters the growth of good bacteria, like Bifidobacterium, in your gut.
This potentially improves your gut microbiome by reducing harmful bacteria.

A 2020 systematic review noted increases in Bifidobacterium and other health-promoting bacteria, such as Anaerostipes, Faecalibacterium, and Lactobacillus, with Inuline supplements.
On the other hand, "bad" bacteria like Bacteroides decreased.


-Inuline may Help Blood Sugar Control
Research has explored Inuline's potential impact on insulin resistance (when your body doesn't respond to insulin as it should), a concern in type 2 diabetes and obesity.


-Inuline may Help Manage Weight and Appetite
Fiber, the non-digestible part of carbohydrates, helps regulate appetite by slowing down how quickly your stomach empties.


-Inuline may Improve Heart Health
Inuline-type fructans (ITF) may benefit heart health.
According to a systematic review, ITFs have reduced low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and body weight.


-Inuline may Help Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inuline may benefit people with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
A review of preclinical and clinical data suggested prebiotics may positively impact the gut microbiome and mucosal barrier of people with IBD.

It may also decrease intestinal inflammation.
This may help with IBD symptoms.
Another study concluded that Inuline intake positively affected bowel function for people with chronic constipation.


-Additional Uses of Inuline:
Some people also use Inuline for the following:
*Colorectal cancer prevention
*Calcium absorption
There is little evidence to support Inuline for these uses, but research is ongoing.


-Processed foods uses of Inuline:
Inuline received no-objection status as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including long-chain Inuline as GRAS.
In the early 21st century, the use of Inuline in processed foods was due in part to its adaptable characteristics for manufacturing.

It is approved by the FDA as an ingredient to enhance the dietary fiber value of manufactured foods.
Inuline's flavor ranges from bland to subtly sweet (about 10% of the sweetness of sugar/sucrose).
Inuline can be used to replace sugar, fat, and flour.

This is advantageous because Inuline contains 25–35% of the food energy of carbohydrates (starch, sugar).
In addition to being a versatile ingredient, Inuline provides nutritional advantages by increasing calcium absorption and possibly magnesium absorption, while promoting the growth of intestinal bacteria.

Chicory Inuline is reported to increase absorption of calcium in young women with lower calcium absorption and in young men.
In terms of nutrition, Inuline is considered a form of soluble fiber and is sometimes categorized as a prebiotic.
Conversely, Inuline is also considered a FODMAP, a class of carbohydrates which are rapidly fermented in the colon producing gas.

Although FODMAPs can cause certain digestive discomfort in some people, they produce potentially favorable alterations in the intestinal flora that contribute to maintaining health of the colon.

Due to the body's limited ability to process fructans, Inuline has minimal increasing impact on blood sugar, and may potentially have use in managing blood sugar-related illnesses, such as metabolic syndrome.


-Medical uses of Inuline:
Inuline and its analog sinistrin are used to help measure kidney function by determining the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is the volume of fluid filtered from the renal (kidney) glomerular capillaries into the Bowman's capsule per unit time

While Inuline is the gold standard for measuring the GFR, it is rarely used in practice due to the expense and difficulty in conducting the test; it requires intravenous (IV) access for the infusion of Inuline as well as up to twelve blood samples taken from the patient over the course of four hours.

To determine the glomerular filtration rate in humans, a large initial dose of Inuline is injected, which is followed by a constant infusion of Inuline at a rate that compensates for its loss in the urine, thus maintaining a reasonably constant level in the plasma.
In the United States, creatinine clearance is more widely used to estimate GFR.


-Harvesting and extraction use of Inuline:
Chicory root is the main source of extraction for commercial production of Inuline.
The extraction process for Inuline is similar to obtaining sugar from sugar beets.

After harvest, the chicory roots are sliced and washed, then soaked in a solvent (hot water or ethanol); the Inuline is then isolated, purified, and spray dried.
Inuline may also be synthesized from sucrose.


-Industrial use of Inuline:
Nonhydrolyzed Inuline can also be directly converted to ethanol in a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process, which may have potential for converting crops high in Inuline into ethanol for fuel.


-Biochemistry uses of Inuline:
Inuline is polymers composed mainly of fructose units (fructans) and typically have a terminal glucose.
The fructose units in Inuline is joined by a β(2→1) glycosidic bond.

The molecule is almost exclusively linear, with only a few percent branching.
In general, plant Inuline contain between 2 and 70 fructose units or sometimes as high as 200, but molecules with less than 10 units are called fructo-oligosaccharides, the simplest being 1-kestose, which has two fructose units and one glucose unit.

Bacterial Inuline is more highly branched (more than 15% branching) and contains on the order of tens or hundreds of subunits.
Inuline is named in the following manner, where n is the number of fructose residues and py is the abbreviation for pyranosyl:
Inuline with terminal glucose is known as alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-[beta-D-fructofuranosyl](n-1)-D-fructofuranosides, abbreviated as GpyFn.

Inuline without glucose are beta-D-fructopyranosyl-[D-fructofuranosyl](n-1)-D-fructofuranosides, abbreviated as FpyFn.
Hydrolysis of Inuline may yield fructo-oligosaccharides, which are oligomers with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 10 or less.



WHAT IS INULINE GOOD FOR IN TERMS OF SUPPORTING HUMAN HEALTH?
Studies show Inuline’s especially valuable because it has important “prebiotic effects.”
Inuline allows healthy probiotics that make up the human microbiome to thrive, repopulate and survive.
Inuline also clings to cholesterol in the GI tract, which can protect against metabolic syndrome.



BENEFITS OF INULINE:
Inuline has various health benefits including alleviating constipation, supporting immune function and aiding weight loss.


*Inuline Can Support Gut Health
Without enough good bacteria in the gut, we can’t digest food properly, especially fibre.
If ‘bad’ bacteria thrives and the microbiome is unbalanced, we can experience an upset stomach, bloating and more.
Inuline helps to increase the volume of good bacteria in the gut, which in turn promotes healthy digestion, blood sugar control and pathogen protection.


*Inuline May Relieve Constipation
Studies show that Inuline helps to increase the frequency of bowel movements, whilst slowing overall digestion.
This allows the body to absorb nutrients from food better.


*Inuline May Be Helpful For Managing Blood Pressure
Whilst more research is needed on Inuline and heart health, it’s thought that this fibre can help to lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.


*Inuline Can Help To Improve Sleep Quality
Took prebiotics including Inuline for five days, and significant improvement in sleep duration and sleep quality.
Inuline is because good bacteria in the microbiome aids stress resilience and allows more time in REM sleep.

Data also indicates that poor sleep, mood disorders and immune function issues are linked to poor microbiome diversity.
In fact, 60 minutes of waking during the night has been linked to a 26% reduction in gut microbe diversity.



TOP FOODS OF INULINE:
Inuline is found plant foods that are referred to as prebiotic foods.
While supplements are available, the best way to get Inuline is through your diet. Some of the best Inuline foods include:

*ground chicory root fiber (the most common source of Inuline due to its extremely high concentration)
*dandelion root
*asparagus
*leeks and onions
*bananas and plantains (especially when they’re slightly green)
*sprouted wheat (such as the kind used in Ezekiel bread)
*garlic
*Jerusalem artichokes
*fresh herbs
*yams
*burdock root
*camas root
*coneflower, also called echinacea
*jicama
*yacon root

Good bacteria basically live off of fibers within the diet, which is why high-fiber foods like fruit, leafy greens and beans/legumes are said to be good for gut health.



CAN YOU TASTE INULINE OR TELL IF INULINE'S IN SOMETHING YOU ARE EATING?
Normally you can’t.
Inuline’s almost totally colorless and odorless, although it does have a slightly sweet taste that some people can pick up on.

Because Inuline doesn’t add much to the taste or smell of your foods, it’s easy to use in recipes, mixed into smoothies, or just on its own stirred into water or juice.
You can use Inuline as a fiber supplement or look for foods that already contain it.

Because of its lubricating, water-absorbing, enzyme-resistant qualities, Inuline is used in food manufacturing very often to give products a uniform texture and add chewiness and bulk. Inuline’s added to more and more packaged foods because it has adaptable, unique characteristics in terms of its ability to blend with any taste well, improve the food’s “mouth feel,” and even to replace other ingredients like sugar, fat and flour.

As a popular prebiotic, Inuline is not digested in the intestines.
Instead, Inuline stays in the colon where it feeds gut microbes and helps them to grow.



ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF INULINE
Inuline is a natural storage carbohydrate present in more than 36,000 species of plants, including agave, wheat, onion, bananas, garlic, asparagus, Jerusalem artichoke, and chicory.
For these plants, Inuline is used as an energy reserve and for regulating cold resistance.

Because Inuline is soluble in water, it is osmotically active.
Certain plants can change the osmotic potential of their cells by changing the degree of polymerization of Inuline molecules by hydrolysis.
By changing osmotic potential without changing the total amount of carbohydrate, plants can withstand cold and drought during winter periods.

Inuline was discovered in 1804 by German scientist Valentin Rose.
He found "a peculiar substance" from Inula helenium roots by boiling-water extraction.

In the 1920s, J. Irvine used chemical methods such as methylation to study the molecular structure of Inuline, and he designed the isolation method for this new anhydrofructose.

During studies of renal tubules in the 1930s, researchers searched for a substance that could serve as a biomarker that is not reabsorbed or secreted after introduction into tubules.

A. N. Richards introduced Inuline because of its high molecular weight and its resistance to enzymes.
Inuline is used to determine glomerular filtration rate of the kidneys.



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF INULINE:
Inuline is a heterogeneous collection of fructose polymers.
Inuline consists of chain-terminating glucosyl moieties and a repetitive fructosyl moiety, which are linked by β(2,1) bonds.

The degree of polymerization (DP) of standard Inuline ranges from 2 to 60.
After removing the fractions with DP lower than 10 during manufacturing process, the remaining product is high-performance Inuline.
Some articles considered the fractions with DP lower than 10 as short-chained fructo-oligosaccharides, and only called the longer-chained molecules Inuline.

Because of the β(2,1) linkages, Inuline is not digested by enzymes in the human alimentary system, contributing to its functional properties: reduced calorie value, dietary fiber, and prebiotic effects.
Without color and odor, Inuline has little impact on sensory characteristics of food products.

Oligofructose has 35% of the sweetness of sucrose, and its sweetening profile is similar to sugar.
Standard Inuline is slightly sweet, while high-performance Inuline is not.
Inuline's solubility is higher than the classical fibers.

When thoroughly mixed with liquid, Inuline forms a gel and a white creamy structure, which is similar to fat.
Its three-dimensional gel network, consisting of insoluble submicron crystalline Inuline particles, immobilizes a large amount of water, assuring its physical stability.
Inuline can also improve the stability of foams and emulsions.



WHAT IS INULINE USED FOR?
After answering the question, Inuline is necessary to talk about its benefits.
The benefits of Inuline come from the fact that it is a soluble prebiotic fiber.

*Positively Affects Intestinal Health
The intestines form their microbiota with many good and bad bacteria.
Inuline can provide benefits to the body such as boosting the body's immune system, maintaining the health of the intestines, and increasing nutrient absorption.

Wheat bran fiber contributes to increasing stool volume and accelerating intestinal transit.
Since Inuline also supports the formation of probiotic bacteria, it can help prevent or heal digestive system disorders such as constipation by increasing intestinal movements.



SOURCES OF INULINE:
Inuline can be found naturally in foods such as:
*Jerusalem artichoke
*chicory root
*onion
*garlic
*barley
*dahlia

With its creamy consistency, Inuline can work as a fat substitute in margarine and salad dressings.
Inuline’s also used to replace some of the flour in baked goods and is often sourced from chicory root and Jerusalem artichoke in particular.



BENEFITS OF INULINE:
*Inuline is high in fiber and low in calories.
*Inuline also has other health benefits.
*Inuline keeps you full (of fiber)
Fiber is any type of carbohydrate the body can’t digest.
*Inuline moves through the intestines intact and continues into the colon to serve as food for the bacteria there.
Fiber has low caloric value, but it’s essential to good health.

The fiber in Inuline is soluble, which means it dissolves in water.
Inuline dissolves in the stomach and then forms a gelatinous substance that:
*Inuline slows digestion
*Inuline increases fullness
*Inuline reduces cholesterol absorption as it passes through the digestive tract
*Inuline promotes digestive health

Your gut contains 15,000-36,000 species of bacteria.
Only a small portion of the bacteria in the body has the potential to be harmful.

Good bacteria provide many health benefits.
Inuline stimulates some of these bacteria to grow.
Inuline aids digestion by increasing the number of good bacteria in the gut, particularly Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli.

These bacteria help:
*fend off unwanted pathogens (bad bacteria)
*prevent infection
*stimulate your immune system

Inuline also adds bulk to your stool and increases the frequency of your bowel movements.
You may have more bowel movements, but Inuline slows overall digestion.

This enables your body to better absorb nutrients from the food you eat.
Research suggests Inuline can also enable the body to better absorb calcium.
Calcium creates a stronger skeletal system.


*Inuline controls blood sugar
Inuline slows digestion, including the digestion of carbohydrates.
This allows sugar to be released slowly without spiking, which promotes healthy blood sugar levels.

A 2019 study found that Inuline supplements can improve insulin resistance in people with type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Inuline can act as a potential blood sugar stabilizer when present in your diet over a long period of time.
That said, more research is needed to understand this effect in people living with obesity.
Research suggests these properties make Inuline a good weight management aid.



SYNONYMS OF INULINE:
Inuline and oligofructose, also called fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), belong to the class of fructan carbohydrates.
Other synonyms for these healthy food ingredients are chicory root fiber and chicory root extract.
Here the word Inuline refers to all types of Inulines, including oligofructose and chicory root fiber.



OTHER POTENTIAL BENEFITS OF INULINE:
There is some evidence that Inuline supplements may help other conditions, although the evidence is not as strong.
This includes benefits for heart health, mineral absorption, colon cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).


*Inuline may support heart health:
Inuline may improve several markers for heart health.
In one study, females who received 10 g of HP Inuline for 8 weeks had significant decreases in both triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
However, other studies have reported smaller reductions in triglycerides, and no improvements in other markers.


*Inuline may help prevent colon cancer:
Some researchers think that Inuline could help protect the cells in the colon.
This is because of how Inuline ferments into butyrate. For this reason, several studies have looked into its effects on colon health.


An older study on humans found that Inuline caused the colon environment to be less favorable for cancer development, which is promising.
This may lead to a reduced risk of colon cancer, but more research is needed.


*Inuline may help treat IBD
Research suggests that Inuline, as a prebiotic, can have benefits for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by improving gut flora and decreasing inflammation in the gut.

A few small human studies have also found reduced symptoms of ulcerative colitis, and a reduction in inflammatory markers in Crohn’s disease.
Nevertheless, researchers are not yet ready to recommend the use of Inuline in treating IBD.



WHAT IS INULINE USED FOR?
*Helps Control Blood Sugar
Eating low-fiber diets can be considered a risk factor for diabetes.
Inuline, on the other hand, can have a preventive effect on blood sugar fluctuations thanks to its fiber structure.


*Supports Weight Loss
Soluble fibers are substances that provide satiety for a long time when consumed.
Thanks to Inuline's low calories and long-lasting satiety, sudden cravings for food are prevented and may help weight loss over time.


*May Increase Calcium and Magnesium Absorption
Since Inuline fiber can reach the intestines, it helps increase the absorption of certain minerals in the intestines.
While Inuline can prevent increased calcium and magnesium absorption deficiencies, it helps to benefit from the benefits of these minerals to the maximum extent.


*May Help Regulate Blood Fats
Inuline consumption may play a role in preventing the rise of cholesterol and triglycerides.
Inuline may also have positive effects on cardiovascular health by increasing HDL (good cholesterol) levels.


*Possible Benefits in Preventing Colon Cancer
Inuline increases the synthesis of beneficial bifidobacteria in the intestines.
Inuline is increased bifidobacteria help prevent the formation of procarcinogenic substances.
Inuline helps to excrete substances that may pose a risk of cancer if their formation is not prevented, through the feces.



METABOLISM IN VIVO, INULINE:
Inuline is indigestible by the human enzymes ptyalin and amylase, which are adapted to digest starch.
As a result, Inuline passes through much of the digestive system intact.

Only in the colon do bacteria metabolise Inuline, with the release of significant quantities of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and/or methane.
Inuline-containing foods can be rather gassy, in particular for those unaccustomed to Inuline, and these foods should be consumed in moderation at first.

Inuline is a soluble fiber, one of three types of dietary fiber including soluble, insoluble, and resistant starch.
Inuline is soluble fiber dissolves in water to form a gelatinous material.
Some soluble fibers may help lower blood cholesterol and glucose levels.

Because normal digestion does not break Inuline down into monosaccharides, it does not elevate blood sugar levels and may, therefore, be helpful in the management of diabetes.
Inuline also stimulates the growth of bacteria in the gut.

Inuline passes through the stomach and duodenum undigested and is highly available to the gut bacterial flora.
This makes Inuline similar to resistant starches and other fermentable carbohydrates.

Some traditional diets contain over 20 g per day of Inuline or fructo-oligosaccharides.
The diet of the prehistoric hunter-forager in the Chihuahuan Desert has been estimated to include 135 g per day of Inuline-type fructans.

Many foods naturally high in Inuline or fructo-oligosaccharides, such as chicory, garlic, and leek, have been seen as "stimulants of good health" for centuries.
As of 2013, no regulatory authority had permitted health claims in the marketing of prebiotics as a class.

Inuline's health effects had been studied in small clinical trials, which showed that it causes gastrointestinal adverse effects such as bloating and flatulence, does not affect triglyceride levels or development of fatty liver, may help prevent travelers' diarrhea, and may help increase calcium absorption in adolescents.



NATURAL SOURCES OF INULINE:
Plants that contain high concentrations of Inuline include:
*Agave (Agave spp.)
*Banana and plantain (Musaceae)
*Burdock (Arctium lappa)
*Camas (Camassia spp.)
*Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
*Coneflower (Echinacea spp.)
*Costus (Saussurea lappa)
*Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale)
*Elecampane (Inula helenium)
*Garlic (Allium sativum)
*Globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus)
*Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus)
*Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus)
*Leopard's bane (Arnica montana)
*Mugwort root (Artemisia vulgaris)
*Onion (Allium cepa)
*Wild yam (Dioscorea spp.)
*Yacón (Smallanthus sonchifolius)



WHY DO PEOPLE TAKE INULINE?
People often use Inuline to try to treat or prevent digestive problems.

Inuline may:
*Decrease constipation.
In one study, older people with constipation who took 20 to 40 grams of Inuline daily for a month had less trouble with constipation.

*Increase helpful bacteria in the colon.
Because it has this effect, Inuline is called a prebiotic.
Prebiotics may have numerous health benefits.

They may:
*Help increase the amount of calcium and other minerals you absorb from food
*Support a healthy immune system
*Relieve intestinal problems
*Inuline may also lower levels of triglycerides, a type of blood fat.

Suggested dosages vary by supplement maker.
Optimal doses of Inuline have not been set for any condition.
Quality and active ingredients in supplements may vary widely from maker to maker.
This makes Inuline hard to set a standard dose.



CAN YOU GET INULINE NATURALLY FROM FOODS?
Many foods -- and plants that are less commonly eaten -- contain Inuline.
These include:
*Asparagus
*Bananas
*Burdock
*Chicory, which is used in salads
*Dandelion root
*Garlic
*Jerusalem artichokes
*Leeks
*Onions

Inuline is found in some processed foods as a replacement for fat, such as:
*Candy bars
*Yogurt
*Cheese
*Ice cream
When combined with water in a precise way, Inuline can mimic the texture of fat in these foods.

Inuline is a type of soluble fiber found in many plants.
Inuline is also fructan.
Like other fructans, Inuline is a prebiotic, meaning that it feeds the good bacteria in the gut.

Fructans are chains of fructose molecules.
The molecules link together in a way that the small intestine cannot break down.
Instead, they travel to the lower gut, where they feed beneficial gut bacteria.

The gut bacteria convert Inuline and other prebiotics into short-chain fatty acids, which nourish colon cells and provide various other health benefits.
Plants containing Inuline have been around for thousands of years, and some early humans consumed much more Inuline than we do today.

Manufacturers add Inuline to processed products to:
*boost the prebiotic content of foods
*replace fat in foods
*replace sugar in foods
*alter the texture of foods
*improve the health benefits of foods due to its benefits for gut health



WHERE DOES INULINE COME FROM?
Inuline naturally occurs in many plants, but manufacturers can also modify it for commercial use.



NATURAL SOURCES OF INULINE:
Inuline occurs in around 36,000 species of plants, and researchers say that chicory roots are the richest source.
Many plants contain only small amounts of Inuline, while others are excellent sources.

Here’s how much Inuline is in 3.5 ounces (oz), or 100 grams (g), of the following foods:
*chicory root, 35.7–47.6 g
*Jerusalem artichoke, 16–20 g
*garlic, 9–16 g
*raw asparagus, 2–3 g
*raw onion pulp, 1.1–7.5 g
*wheat, 1–3.8 g
*raw barley, 0.5–1 g

Manufactured sources:
Inuline is also available in supplement form or as an ingredient in:
*protein bars
*cereal bars
*yogurts and other milk products
*drinks
*baked goods
*desserts

Manufactured Inuline comes in several forms:
*Chicory Inuline: Extract from chicory root.
*High-performance (HP) Inuline:
Manufacturers create HP Inuline by removing the shorter molecules from it.
Fiber supplements that are closely related to Inuline are fructooligosaccharides, also known as oligofructose.



CALCULATION OF GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE OF INULINE:
Inuline is uniquely treated by nephrons in that it is completely filtered at the glomerulus but neither secreted nor reabsorbed by the tubules.
This property of Inuline allows the clearance of it to be used clinically as a highly accurate measure of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) — the rate of plasma from the afferent arteriole that is filtered into Bowman's capsule measured in ml/min.

It is informative to contrast the properties of Inuline with those of para-aminohippuric acid (PAH).
PAH is partially filtered from plasma at the glomerulus and not reabsorbed by the tubules, in a manner identical to Inuline.

PAH is different from Inuline in that the fraction of PAH that bypasses the glomerulus and enters the nephron's tubular cells (via the peritubular capillaries) is completely secreted.
Renal clearance of PAH is thus useful in calculation of renal plasma flow (RPF), which empirically is (1-hematocrit) times renal blood flow.

Of note, the clearance of PAH is reflective only of RPF to portions of the kidney that deal with urine formation, and, thus, underestimates the actual RPF by about 10%.

The measurement of GFR by Inuline or sinistrin is still considered the gold standard.
However, Inuline has now been largely replaced by other, simpler measures that are approximations of GFR.

These measures, which involve clearance of such substrates as EDTA, iohexol, cystatin C, 125I-iothalamate (sodium radioiothalamate), the chromium radioisotope 51Cr (chelated with EDTA), and creatinine, have had their utility confirmed in large cohorts of patients with chronic kidney disease.

For both Inuline and creatinine, the calculations involve concentrations in the urine and in the serum.
However, unlike creatinine, Inuline is not naturally present in the body.
This is an advantage of Inuline (because the amount infused will be known) and a disadvantage (because an infusion is necessary).



HEALTH BENEFITS OF INULINE:
People take Inuline for a variety of reasons.
Inuline may improve digestive health, relieve constipation, promote weight loss, and help control diabetes.


*Improves digestive health:
The gut microbiota is the population of bacteria and other microbes that live in the gut.

This community is highly complex and contains both good and bad bacteria.
Having the right balance of bacteria is essential for keeping the gut healthy and protect the body from disease.

Inuline can help promote this balance.
In fact, studies have shown that Inuline can help stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria.
Increasing the amounts of healthful bacteria can help improve digestion, immunity, and overall health.


*Relieves constipation
For many people, Inuline may also help relieve symptoms of constipation.
One analysis found that people taking Inuline experienced more frequent bowel movements and improved stool consistency.
In another 4-week study, older adults who consumed 15 g of Inuline per day reported less constipation and better digestion.


*Promotes weight loss:
Several studies indicate that Inuline can also help with weight loss.
In one weight loss study, people with prediabetes took Inuline or another fiber called cellulose for 18 weeks.

Those taking Inuline lost significantly more weight between 9 and 18 weeks.
However, some studies of children with overweight or obesity have not found that oligofructose or Inuline reduce calorie intake.


*Helps control diabetes:
Several studies suggest that Inuline may improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes and prediabetes.
However, this may depend on the type of Inuline.

The high-performance (HP) type may be especially beneficial.
For example, one study found that HP Inuline decreased fat in the livers of people with prediabetes.
This is significant, as some research says that reducing fat in the liver can help reduce insulin resistance and potentially reverse type 2 diabetes.

In another study, females with type 2 diabetes consumed 10 g of HP Inuline per day.
Their fasting blood sugar decreased by an average of 8.5%, while hemoglobin A1c — a marker for long-term blood sugar control — fell by an average of 10.4%.
However, although HP Inuline may benefit diabetes and prediabetes, results from older studies using some other types of Inuline are less consistent.


*Improved mineral absorption and bone health
According to a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review, scientific evidence supports the idea that Inuline-type fructans can benefit bone mineral density and how well the body absorbs calcium



HOW TO USE INULINE?
Inuline can be taken into the body with daily nutrition or can be used as a supplement under expert supervision when necessary.
Even foods with high Inuline content, such as bananas, onions and barley, have low Inuline contents.

Inuline, which can be found in powder, capsule and tablet forms, can be consumed in powder form by adding it to foods, smoothies and water.
Thanks to its starch structure, Inuline becomes sticky when wet, providing retention in foods and can be found in processed foods.
Inuline powders can be added to cooked foods as a sweetener and appear to provide an egg-like consistency.



IN WHICH FOODS IS INULINE FOUND?
Foods containing Inuline are found in many fruits and vegetables that contain a plant-derived fructooligosaccharide.
The leaves and roots of plants act as carbohydrate storage and also store Inuline.

Foods containing Inuline, which is taken into the body by frequently consuming the roots and leaves of plants, are as follows:
*Chicory root 41.6 g / 100 g
*Artichoke 4.4g / 100g
*Banana 0.5g / 100g
*Dried garlic 28.2 g / 100 g
*Leek 6.5g / 100g
*Wheat 2.5g / 100g
*Onion 4.3g / 100g
*Rye flour 0.7g / 100g



WHO SHOULD USE INULINE?
The increasing use of supplements among children and adults also applies to Inuline.
Inuline is a beneficial and soluble fiber that can be used by everyone.

Although its use in children and infants requires extra care and supervision, Inuline can be preferred by people who want to regulate their digestive system and have problems with their intestinal health.
Inuline can be recommended for use by people who have long-term constipation problems and mineral absorption problems.

Inuline, which is a supplement that can be preferred under expert supervision for all kinds of medications and diseases that negatively affect the intestinal flora, can be used to regulate intestinal health, especially after antibiotic use.
Thanks to its plant origin, Inuline can be easily consumed by vegans and vegetarians.



HOW MUCH INULINE SHOULD BE TAKEN?
Although there is no standard Inuline consumption amount determined for individuals, when taken as a supplement, it can start with 3-5 grams and increase to 10-30 grams depending on the person's needs.
Thanks to its high dietary fiber content, daily Inuline consumption is sufficient at low levels.

As consumption increases, the benefits do not increase.
Inuline should be used in a controlled manner as it may cause problems such as diarrhea and gas due to its thickening effect when consumed in excess.
In intestinal problems such as constipation, stool consistency can be increased by increasing short-term intake amounts.



BENEFITS OF INULINE:
1. Reduces Constipation
How does Inuline make you poop?
Due to its chemical composition, when Inuline is mixed with liquid it forms a creamy gel that’s ideal for relieving constipation.

When gelled, Inuline has a structure similar to lipids (fats) that also help lubricate the digestive system and lessen risk for things like hemorrhoids.
Not only do fructans work by increasing faecal biomass and water content of poop, but research shows they also improve bowel habits because of how they positively affect gastrointestinal functions and rapidly ferment in the colon to produce healthy bacteria.


2. Improves Gut Health by Acting Like a Prebiotic
As a non-digestible prebiotic, Inuline passes through the large intestines unabsorbed.
During this process, Inuline naturally ferments and feeds the healthy intestinal microflora (bacterial organisms, including bifidobacterium) that populate the gut.

Research has shown that oligofructose acts like a prebiotic that impacts the lining of the gut and colon, changing the profile of organisms present and modulating the endocrine and immune functions.

By stimulating healthy bacteria to grow, soluble fiber can decrease the number of potentially harmful yeast, parasites and bacterial species living in the body that trigger inflammation.

Studies suggest this is why Inuline-type fructans have been found to reduce the risk of colon carcinogenesis and improve management of inflammatory bowel diseases.


3. Helps Curb Appetite
Even though it’s low in absorbable calories (it provides about 1.5 calories per gram), this type of fiber can help to make you feel less hungry.

Dietitians recommend that people trying to learn how to lose weight work on increasing their fiber intake in order to feel more satisfied and to deal with fewer blood sugar fluctuations.

When combined with water, Inuline bulks up and forms a gel-like substance that expands in the digestive tract.
This may help decrease appetite and cravings — potentially helping with weight loss.
Inuline also slows the process of food emptying from the stomach and takes up more volume, both which contribute to satiety after eating.


4. Boosts Heart Health and Lowers Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors
As it passes through the digestive system unabsorbed by digestive enzymes, Inuline takes with it toxins, waste, fat and cholesterol particles.
For this reason a high-fiber diet has been tied to heart health.

Research shows that increasing your fiber intake (especially the soluble type) helps lower blood cholesterol, reduces your risk for arteriosclerosis and can help you maintain healthy glucose levels.
There seems to be an inverse association between fiber intake and systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol levels, and triglycerides.

Soluble fibers in the diet can help lower LDL (“bad”) blood cholesterol by interfering with the absorption of dietary cholesterol.
Another benefit of Inuline, according to studies, is the fact that it doesn’t cause insulin to be secreted and won’t raise blood sugar since its carbohydrates/sugars cannot be broken down.


5. Can Replace Sugar and Flour in Recipes
Oligosaccharides are used in food manufacturing and home cooking to improve food’s taste, texture, moisture level and health benefits.
While Inuline has a very mild taste that makes it versatile in recipes, some people find that it tastes slightly sweet.

Compared to sugar (sucrose) it’s said to be about 10 times less sweet.
The chicory plant, the most common and concentrated source of Inuline, has chemical similarities to the sugar beet plant that’s often used to derive sugar.

If you follow a low-carb diet or the keto diet, Inuline can be used to improve the taste and texture of sugar-free or flour-free recipes.
Inuline contains about 25 percent to 35 percent sugar and starches that work similarly to grain-based flours to absorb water and thicken recipes.
Inuline’s also soluble in hot water, which means as long as you heat it it will absorb liquid and can be used in teas, drinks or baked goods.

Since Inuline’s non-digestible and forms a gel when mixed with liquid, it’s also able to be used in place of oil (the reason you’ll find it in some low-fat cheeses, sauces, soups and condiments).


6. Increases Calcium Absorption
Certain studies have found that increasing your fiber intake may help improve absorption of electrolytes, including calcium and possibly magnesium.
How so?
It comes down to the beneficial effects of prebiotic Inuline within the gut.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of INULINE:
Molecular Weight: 586.7
XLogP3-AA: 1.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 10
Rotatable Bond Count: 9
Exact Mass: 586.32541643
Monoisotopic Mass: 586.32541643
Topological Polar Surface Area: 133 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 42
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 1080
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 10
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 3
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molar Mass: 586.73
Density: 1.1777
Melting Point: 154-155 °C
Boling Point: 642.86°C
Solubility: ethanol
Appearance: White powder

pKa: 12.18±0.70
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: 1.6260
Physical state: powder
Color: yellow, yellow-orange
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: soluble, clear
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available



FIRST AID MEASURES of INULINE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of INULINE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of INULINE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Nature of decomposition products not known.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of INULINE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of INULINE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature
2 - 8 °C
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of INULINE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available

IPBC, IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE; 3-Iodo-2-propyn-1-yl butylcarbamate; N° CAS : 55406-53-6 - Butylcarbamate d'iodopropynyle (IPBC). Nom INCI : IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE, Nom chimique : 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 259-627-5. Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur, Ses fonctions (INCI). Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques.Noms français : Butylcarbamate d'iodo-3 propynyl-2; Butylcarbamate d'iodopropynyle. Noms anglais : 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE; CARBAMIC ACID, BUTYL-, 3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL ESTER; Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate. Utilisation et sources d'émission :Fongicide et agent antimicrobien utilisé dans les procédés industriels et les constructions résidentielles. 259-627-5 [EINECS]; 3-Iod-2-propin-1-yl-butylcarbamat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 3-Iod-2-propin-1-yl-hydrogenbutylkohlenstoffimidat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 3-Iodo-2-propyn-1-yl butylcarbamate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 3-Iodo-2-propyn-1-yl hydrogen butylcarbonimidate [ACD/IUPAC Name]; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate ;3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate; 3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate3-Iodo-2-propynyl-N-butylcarbamate; 55406-53-6 [RN]; Butylcarbamate de 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; Carbamic acid, N-butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl ester [ACD/Index Name]; EZ0950000; Hydrogénobutylcarbonimidate de 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]; I1UU2OVM4 [WLN]; Iodocarb; Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate ; Ipbc; Methanol, 1-(butylimino)-1-[(3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl)oxy]-, (Z)- [ACD/Index Name];MFCD00072438 [MDL number]; ipbc; [55406-53-6]; 1-Iodoprop-1-yn-3-yl N-n-butylcarbamate; 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate; 3-iodo-2-propynyi butylcarbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamic acid 3-iodo-2-propynyl n-butylcarbamate; 3-iodo-2-propynyl??n-butylcarbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynylbutyl carbamate; 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate; 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl butylcarbamate 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl N-butylcarbamate; 3-Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate; 3-IPBC; '55406-53-6; Butyl-3-iodo-2-propynylcarbamate; C106572; Carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester; carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl ester; Carbamic acid, butyl-3-iodo-2-propynyl ester; EINECS 259-627-5; Iodocarb (IPBC); iodocarbe; iodopropynyl??butylcarbamate; Iodopropynylbutylcarbamate , N-[2-(1-iodoethyl)pent-3-enyl]carbamate;N-butyl(3-iodoprop-2-ynyloxy)carboxamide; N-butylcarbamic acid 3-iodoprop-2-ynyl ester; NCGC00164376-01; OR-0600; Troysan KK-108A; Troysan KK-108A; Troysan polyphase anti-mildew; Woodlife; Troysan polyphase anti-mildew; Woodlife

CAS Number: 55406-53-6
EINECS No: 259-627-5
Chem/IUPAC Name: 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
Molecular Formula: C8H12INO2


DESCRIPTION:

Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a water-soluble preservative used globally in the paints & coatings, wood preservatives, personal care, and cosmetics industries.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate is a member of the carbamate family of biocides.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate was invented in the 1970s and has a long history of effective use as an antifungal technology.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is used as a preservative in cosmetic formulations; Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is acutely toxic by inhalation and should not be used in products that can be aerosolized or inhaled.

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is a carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group.
A fungicide, Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is used as a preservative and sapstain control chemical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and an antifungal agrochemical.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is a carbamate ester, an organoiodine compound, an acetylenic compound and a carbamate fungicide.

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate and Phenoxyethanol and Methylpropanediol is a complete system for paraben ester-free cosmetic and personal care products.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate uses multifunctional agents that have excellent efficacy as biostatic and fungistatic agents.

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate has a wide broad-spectrum antimicrobial effect and it is a high purity liquid soft preservative.

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate complies with international regulations and can effectively inhibit bacteria, yeast and mould in personal care products.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate has a powerful effect in acid and hygienic towelette products.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is a preservative that has been used as an industrial fungicide since the 1970s and more recently has been combined with formaldehydereleasing agents for use in cosmetics.
The North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch tested with 0.1%iodopropynyl butylcarbamate in petrolatum and found 0.2% of their patch test clinic patients had positive reactions to this chemical.
Most cosmetic applications appear to require less than 0.012% of this preservative.


CAS Number: 55406-53-6
EINECS No: 259-627-5
Chem/IUPAC Name: 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
Molecular Formula: C8H12INO2


HISTORY OF IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE:
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate was initially developed for use in the paint & coatings industry as a dry-film preservative to protect interior and exterior coatings from mold, mildew, and fungal growth, while also offering cost performance and sustainability benefits.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate exhibits efficacy against a broad spectrum of fungal species, typically at very low use levels.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate today is incorporated into a wide variety of interior and exterior paint formulations around the world.

Use is restricted in some countries due to its toxicity, especially acute inhalation toxicity.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate is also becoming recognized as a contact allergen.

Uses of IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE:
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate is an effective fungicide at very low concentrations in cosmetic and other products, and has shown very low sensitivity in humans tested with this preservative.
Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate was approved in 1996 for use up to 0.1% concentrations in topical products and cosmetics.

However, this preservative is mostly found in cosmetics at about one-eighth that level
IPBC Toxicity and Safety Tests show it to be generally safe: When used properly in leave-on skin products, IPBC is extremely safe.
Previous to being approved for cosmetic use in 1996, extensive safety and toxicity tests were conducted on IPBC and their results were gathered along with earlier studies in a report of the Safety Assessment of IPBC by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review.


This final report found IPBC to be a non-carcinogen with no genotoxicity and in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies using rats and mice, IPBC had no significant effect on fertility, reproductive performance, or on the incidence of fetal malformation

What does IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE do in a formulation?
• Preservative
Who supplies IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE ?
• Troy Corporation (Arxada)
• Lincoln Fine Ingredients
• Sharon Laboratories
• Spec-Chem Industry
• Textron (Vantage Group)
• Chemipol



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE:
Chemical formula: C8H12INO2
Molar mass: 281.093 g•mol−1
Molecular Weight: 281.09
XLogP3-AA: 2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 280.99128
Monoisotopic Mass: 280.99128
Topological Polar Surface Area: 38.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 192
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: 64-68 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 321.8±25.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.606±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
vapor pressure: 0.005Pa at 25℃
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,2-8°C
solubility: soluble in Methanol
pka: 12.03±0.46(Predicted)
form: neat
color: White to Almost white
Water Solubility: 168mg/L at 20℃
Merck: 14,5069
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.81 at 25℃

CAS Number: 55406-53-6
EINECS No: 259-627-5
Chem/IUPAC Name: 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
Molecular Formula: C8H12INO2


QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE:

Where is iodopropynyl butylcarbamate found?
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is a preservative used in cosmetics, wet wipes (toilet paper), and other personal care products.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is also used as a biocide in paints, primers, and industrial coolants and cooling lubricants.
How can you avoid contact with iodopropynyl butylcarbamate?

Avoid products that list any of the following names in the ingredients:
• Butyl-3-iodo-2-propynylcarbamate
• Carbamic acid, butyl-3-iodo-2-propynyl ester
• Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate
• 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
• EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 107801
• BRN 2248232
• Caswell No. 501A
• EINECS 259-627-5
• HSDB 7314
• 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate

What are some products that may contain iodopropynyl butylcarbamate?

Baby Care:
• Baby lotion
• Baby wash and shampoo
• Diaper rash cream
• Flushable moist wipes

Body Washes and Soaps:
• Cleansing towelettes
• Makeup remover towelettes

Cosmetics:
• Concealer
• Eye lash tint
• Liquid eye liner
Hair Dye

Hair Hair Styling Products:
• Gel
• Hairspray
• Pomade
• Root lifter

Industrial Coolants and Cooling Lubricants
Lip Balm

Lotions and Skin Care Products:
• Acne treatment
• Anti-itch cream
• Bar soap
• Body lotion
• Moisturizer
• Wrinkle cream

Paints and Stains
Shampoos and Conditioners
Shaving Creams and Gels
Sunscreens

Yard care:
• Insect killer
• Weed killer

CAS Number: 55406-53-6
EINECS No: 259-627-5
Chem/IUPAC Name: 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
Molecular Formula: C8H12INO2

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE:


First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



CAS Number: 55406-53-6
EINECS No: 259-627-5
Chem/IUPAC Name: 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
Molecular Formula: C8H12INO2






SYNONYMS OF IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE:
MeSH Entry Terms:
3-iodo-2-propynyl-butylcarbamate
3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate


Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:
55406-53-6
3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate
3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate
Iodocarb
Ipbc
Woodlife
3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate
1-Iodoprop-1-yn-3-yl N-n-butylcarbamate
3-iodoprop-2-ynyl N-butylcarbamate
Carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester
Troysan KK-108A
3-Iodo-2-propynyl-N-butylcarbamate
3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLBUTYLCARBAMATE
Troysan polyphase anti-mildew
Butyl-3-iodo-2-propynylcarbamate
3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate
603P14DHEB
CHEBI:83279
3-iodoprop-2-ynyl butylcarbamate
DSSTox_CID_8038
DSSTox_RID_78646
DSSTox_GSID_28038
Caswell No. 501A
CAS-55406-53-6
HSDB 7314
3-Iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate
EINECS 259-627-5
3-iodo-2-propynyl-N-butyl carbamate
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 107801
BRN 2248232
iodocarbe
UNII-603P14DHEB
3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate
Carbamic acid, butyl-3-iodo-2-propynyl ester
IPBC [MI]
iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate
SCHEMBL114369
Carbamic acid, N-butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl ester
CHEMBL1893913
DTXSID0028038
ZINC1850357
3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate #
3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-ylbutylcarbamate
Tox21_201864
Tox21_301117
MFCD00072438
AKOS015905567
CS-W010051
GS-3240
Iodocarb 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
NCGC00164376-01
NCGC00164376-02
NCGC00164376-03
NCGC00164376-04
NCGC00164376-05
NCGC00255017-01
NCGC00259413-01
IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE [INCI]
3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, 97%
3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-Butylcarbamate-[d9]
IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE [VANDF]
3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL BUTYL CARBBAMATE
FT-0615885
I0666
IODOPROPYNYL BUTYL CARBAMATE [MART.]
N-Butylcarbamic Acid 3-Iodo-2-propynyl Ester
06I536
3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLBUTYLCARBAMATE [HSDB]
A830629
Q2928998
W-105563
3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, analytical standard
3-IPBC
iodopropynyl butylcarbamate

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a preservative that has been used as an industrial fungicide since the 1970s and more recently has been combined with formaldehydereleasing agents for use in cosmetics.
The North American Contact Dermatitis Group patch tested with 0.1% Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) in petrolatum and found 0.2% of their patch test clinic patients had positive reactions to this chemical.
Most cosmetic applications appear to require less than 0.012% of this preservative.

CAS: 55406-53-6
MF: C8H12INO2
MW: 281.09
EINECS: 259-627-5

Synonyms
troysanpolyphaseanti-mildew;woodlife;TROYSAN POLYPHASE 588;3-iodo-2-propynyl;PERMATOX;3-IODO-2-PROPINYLBUTYLCARBAMATE;IODOCIDE IPBC;Butyl-3-iodo-2-propnyl ester carbamic acid;55406-53-6;Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate;3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate;Iodocarb;3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate;Ipbc;Woodlife;Troysan KK-108A;3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate;3-iodoprop-2-ynyl N-butylcarbamate;Carbamic acid, butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propynyl ester;1-Iodoprop-1-yn-3-yl N-n-butylcarbamate;3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLBUTYLCARBAMATE;3-Iodo-2-propynyl-N-butylcarbamate;Butyl-3-iodo-2-propynylcarbamate;3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate;3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLBUTYL CARBAMATE;603P14DHEB;DTXSID0028038;CHEBI:83279;3-iodoprop-2-ynyl butylcarbamate;MFCD00072438;85045-09-6;DTXCID908038;Caswell No. 501A;CAS-55406-53-6;HSDB 7314;3-Iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate;EINECS 259-627-5;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 107801;BRN 2248232;iodocarbe;UNII-603P14DHEB;C8H12INO2;3-iodo-2-propynyl-N-butyl carbamate;1246815-08-6;3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl N-butylcarbamate;Iodocarb 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;Carbamic acid, butyl-3-iodo-2-propynyl ester;IPBC [MI];SCHEMBL114369;CHEMBL1893913;3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate #;3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-ylbutylcarbamate;Tox21_201864;Tox21_301117;AKOS015905567;CS-W010051;GS-3240;NCGC00164376-01;NCGC00164376-02;NCGC00164376-03;NCGC00164376-04;NCGC00164376-05;NCGC00255017-01;NCGC00259413-01;SY052464;3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, 97%;IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE [VANDF];3-IODO-2-PROPYNYL BUTYL CARBBAMATE;DB-262370;I0666;IODOPROPYNYL BUTYL CARBAMATE [MART.];NS00000275;N-Butylcarbamic Acid 3-Iodo-2-propynyl Ester;3-IODO-2-PROPYNYLBUTYLCARBAMATE [HSDB];A830629;Q2928998;W-105563;Carbamic acid, N-butyl-, 3-iodo-2-propyn-1-yl ester;3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate, analytical standard

A carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group.
A fungicide, Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is used as a preservative and sapstain control c emical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a water-soluble preservative used globally in the paints & coatings, wood preservatives, personal care, and cosmetics industries.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a member of the carbamate family of biocides.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) was invented in the 1970s and has a long history of effective use as an antifungal technology.

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is an antimicrobial agent that belongs to the class of glycol ethers.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of cortisol synthesis, with the ability to reduce serum cortisol concentrations by over 50%.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) has been shown to have carcinogenic potential in toxicity studies.
In a study on rats, there was an increased incidence of benign and malignant neoplasms in female rats treated with Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC).
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) also showed some degree of mutagenicity and genotoxicity in a number of tests.
There are no data available on its chronic or reproductive toxicity.

History
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) was initially developed for use in the paint & coatings industry as a dry-film preservative to protect interior and exterior coatings from mold, mildew, and fungal growth, while also offering cost performance and sustainability benefits.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) exhibits efficacy against a broad spectrum of fungal species, typically at very low use levels.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) today is incorporated into a wide variety of interior and exterior paint formulations around the world.
Use is restricted in some countries due to its toxicity, especially acute inhalation toxicity.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is also becoming recognized as a contact allergen.

Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 64-68 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 321.8±25.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.606±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Vapor pressure: 0.005Pa at 25℃
Storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,2-8°C
Solubility: soluble in Methanol
pka: 12.03±0.46(Predicted)
Color: White to Almost white
Water Solubility: 168mg/L at 20℃
Merck: 14,5069
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: WYVVKGNFXHOCQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.81 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 55406-53-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) (55406-53-6)

Uses
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is used as a preservative in personal care formulations.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is used as a preservative in personal care formulations.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a preservative with broad fungicidal activity used in skin care products.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is recommended for use in difficult formulation systems.
Fungicide; mildewcide; preservative in cosmetics, paints and coatings, metal working fluids; wood protection.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is an effective fungicide at very low concentrations in cosmetic and other products, and has shown very low sensitivity in humans tested with this preservative.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) was approved in 1996 for use up to 0.1% concentrations in topical products and cosmetics.
However, this preservative is mostly found in cosmetics at about one-eighth that level.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) Toxicity and Safety Tests show it to be generally safe: When used properly in leave-on skin products, IPBC is extremely safe.
Previous to being approved for cosmetic use in 1996, extensive safety and toxicity tests were conducted on Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) and their results were gathered along with earlier studies in a report of the Safety Assessment of IPBC by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review.
This final report found Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) to be a non-carcinogen with no genotoxicity and in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies using rats and mice, Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) had no significant effect on fertility, reproductive performance, or on the incidence of fetal malformation.

Clinical Use
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a highly effective fungicide as well as a bactericide.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) was first used in the 1970s as a film fungicide for paint and then as a wood preservative, where final use concentration up to 4% was permitted.
For paint and coatings usually no more than 0.5% Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is used.
For metalworking fluids, adhesives, textiles, and paper, concentrations between 0.1%and 0.2% are common.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel concluded that Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is safe as a cosmetic ingredient in concentrations less than or equal to 0.1%and that it should not be used in products intended to be aerosolized.
By 1996, Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) was used in 122 formulations reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is found in a wide variety of occupational and consumer products, including shampoos, lotions, powders, makeup, baby products, paints, coatings, metalworking fluids, household products, cooling water, building materials, and contact lenses.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is an irritant, although at low concentrations few problems have been reported.

Reactivity Profile
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a carbamate ester.
Carbamates are chemically similar to, but more reactive than amides.
Like amides they form polymers such as polyurethane resins.
Carbamates are incompatible with strong acids and bases, and especially incompatible with strong reducing agents such as hydrides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is produced by the combination of active metals or nitrides with carbamates.
Strongly oxidizing acids, peroxides, and hydroperoxides are incompatible with carbamates.

Contact allergens
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) has produced slight irritation in rabbits.
However, Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) was not found to be either a skin sensitizer or a photo sensitizer in guinea pigs.
Cosmetic formulations containing up to 0.125% of Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) produce no significant irritation or sensitization reactions in human repeated insult patch tests.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) did not cause crosssensitization reactions in patients who had demonstrated sensitivity to related dithiocarbamate compounds.
In the European Union, Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is approved as a preservative up to 0.05% and is not to be used in oral hygiene or lip care products.
If the concentration exceeds 0.02% in leave-on products, a warning label must indicate that the product contains iodine.
Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is a broad-spec- trum preservative used for years because of its wide field of application, in polymer emulsions and pigment dispersions such as water-based paints and adhesives, cements and inks, as a wood preservative, in metal- working fluids, household products, and cosmetics.
Allergic contact dermatitis to Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) was reported due to cosmetics, from sanitary wipes, and in metalworkers.

Toxicity
The study, "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate", discusses the results of 32 studies between 1990 and 1994 in 3,582 subjects using skin application of IPBC at relevant concentrations.
All 32 studies showed no evidence of contact sensitization compared to placebo controls, with the report stating "With each test formulation, a few panelists had erythema, edema, and/or a papular response, but overall, the results were negative."
In addition, the study mentions two skin sensitivity studies on 183 children ages 3 – 12 yrs which showed no adverse effects as well as no significant irritation from Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC).
Since the early safety report, there have been a few reports of human skin sensitivity to Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) in individual patients – all of which showed complete recovery after discontinuance of use of any product containing the IPBC which was presumably an allergen for these patients.

Post-1996 tests of human sensitivity to Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) have all shown quite low sensitivity, having overall reported human skin testing (patch test) on 53,774 subjects with only 491 of those subjects showing any reaction (0.8%) to IPBC.
In every study, positive patch test reactions occurred in less than 1% of subjects tested in all but one study.
This is a very low reaction rate, but Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is not zero, and the industry reports this low rate of reaction even though in the largest study of 25,435 subjects over 69% of the reactions were either weak or doubtful.

IONOL CP is a white, crystalline antioxidant and belongs to the group of non-staining, sterically hindered phenols.
IONOL CP is a food-grade antioxidant, which meets most health and safety regulations, including those of the FDA, and IONOL CP is manufactured according HACCP principles for Food Safety.
Furthermore, IONOL CP conforms to the analytical requirements of the FCC (Food Chemical Codex) and EurPh and USP pharmacopoeia.

CAS Number: 128-37-0
EC Number: 204-881-4
Molecular Formula: C15H24O
Molecular Weight: 220.4 g/mol

IONOL CP is also known as Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT).
IONOL CP is a high quality antioxidant, with a typical purity 99.8 %.

IONOL CP is 2, 6-ditert-butyl (1, 1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol.
The content of C15H240 shall not be less than 98.5% calculated as anhydrous.

IONOL CP, IONOL 220, IONOL 103 and IONOL 99 are highly effective antioxidants for multigrade Iubricants, automatic transmission fluids, differential fluids and turbine oils.

Also IONOL antioxidants have shown to increase the useful life of many industrial oils, reducing equipment downtime.
Applications include hydraulic fluids, transformer oils, spinning oils and metal rolling and cutting fluids.

IONOL antioxidants are excellent stabilizers for all grades of kerosene based Jet A1 fuel for civil and military use.
The concentration needed to protect and stabilize aviation fuels is also defined by these international specifications.
For example, DERD 2494 specifies an addition level in the range of 17.0 – 24.0 mg/L for hydrotreated fuels.

Applications of IONOL CP:

Polymers:
IONOL CP is used for the stabilisation of plastics, natural and synthetic rubber, waxes, synthetic and natural resins as well as for articles and mixtures which are produced from any of the above.
The stabilisation with IONOL CP starts with the production of plastics and ensures, dependent on the dosage quantity, the storage stability of the polymer raw material until processing to the finished article.

During the processing of the polymer raw material to the final product, an additional long-term stabilisation with IONOL CP can be very effective.
The application field of IONOL CP is widespread because of its excellent cost-efficiency ratio as well as IONOL CP almost universal application possibilities in plastics, particularly for articles requiring approval as defined by food contact legislation.

Adhesives and hot melts:
Adhesives and hot melts are also subject to autoxidative damage caused by mechanical stress, heat and light.
IONOL CP is used for process as well as for long-term stabilisation.

Odorous substances:
In odorous substances, e.g. body-care products, IONOL CP prevents autoxidation processes which lead to undesired and unpleasant smelling decomposition products.

Foodstuffs:
In foodstuff IONOL CP decelerates the damaging effect in fats, carotenoids, vitamins as well as in further essential food constituents caused by oxidation with atmospheric oxygen.

Polyols:
Polyols are subject to oxidative damages by light and heat in the presence of oxygen due to radical reactions.
By using IONOL CP the reactive radicals are captured and transformed into non-reactive compounds.

The chain reaction is stopped and a further damage is avoided.
IONOL CP is used as a long-term stabiliser in order to protect the polyols during storage (e.g. before use in polyurethanes) against decomposition reactions.
Depending on application, the optimum dosage amounts to 0.1 - 1.0 %.

Further Applications of IONOL CP:

Polyurethanes:
IONOL CP is used for polyurethanes as a processing and long-term stabiliser.
Particularly in the production of polyurethane foams, IONOL CP is more efficient than many other antioxidants.

Due to the high temperatures which arise inside the block foams during production, partially strong scorching can occur.
IONOL CP is very efficient and mobile, and prevents scorchingeffects.

Hence, the production of undamaged and non-discolouring foams made possible.
Depending on the application, the optimum dosage amounts to 0.1- 1.0 php.
According to the BfR regulations chapter XXXIX BHT is recommended as an anti-ageing agent for finished articles produced from polyurethanes.

Printing inks:
The shelf life of printing inks can be shortened by oxidation.
Physical changes during processing may occur.

The use of IONOL CP has a positive effect on the stability, levelling resistance as well as on the brightening and hardening properties of printing inks.
In lithographic printing IONOL CP prevents skin formation and accelerates the drying process.
The average quantities to be employed amount to 0.5 – 1.0 %.

Uses of IONOL CP:
IONOL CP is an oil-soluble antioxidant widely used at home and abroad.
Although IONOL CP is toxic, IONOL CP has strong antioxidant ability, good heat resistance and stability, no specific odor, no color reaction of metal ions, and low price, only 1/8~1/5 of BHA.

Generally IONOL CP is used in conjunction with BHA, and citric acid or other organic acids as a synergist.
China's provisions can be used for edible oil, fried food, biscuits, instant noodles, nuts canned, dry fish products, the maximum use of 0. 2g/kg.
IONOL CP also has a certain antibacterial effect, but weaker than BHA.

Characteristics of IONOL CP:
IONOL CP is a white, crystalline antioxidant and belongs to the group of non-staining, sterically hindered phenols.
IONOL CP is mainly used for the stabilisation of polymers which come into contact with foodstuffs and/or drinking water, polyols, polyurethanes, adhesives and hot melts for a possible contact with foodstuffs, odourous substances and/or perfumes, foodstuffs and printing inks.

There is BfR (formerly BGA, BgVV), FDA approval for IONOL CP and also product meets all the requirements established on Regulation 231/2012 regarding specifications for food additives, specifically criteria for E321.
Furthermore, IONOL CP conforms to the analytical requirements of the FCC (Food Chemical Codex) and Pharmacopoeias.

IONOL CP is colorless, white or off-white crystal or crystalline powder.
IONOL CP is easily soluble in acetone, soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water and propylene glycol.

Freezing point:
The freezing point of IONOL CP (General 0613) is 69~70°C.

Absorption coefficient:
Take IONOL CP, precision weighing, plus ethanol dissolution and quantitative dilution to make a solution containing about 50mg per lm l, according to UV-visible spectrophotometry (General Rule 0 @ 1), the absorbance was measured at a wavelength of 278nm, and the absorption coefficient (dish) was 80. 0 to 90. 0.

Nature of IONOL CP:
IONOL CP is a colorless crystal or white crystalline powder, odorless, tasteless.
IONOL CP is soluble in ethanol (25%,25 ° C), acetone (40%), benzene (40%), soybean oil, cottonseed oil, insoluble in water, glycerol, propylene glycol.
IONOL CP is light, thermal stability, heating can be volatilized with water vapor, the metal ion does not change color.

Preparation Method of IONOL CP:
p-cresol and tert-butyl alcohol are dissolved by heating, and phosphoric acid is used as catalyst to react at a certain temperature.
The reaction product is washed with sodium hydroxide solution to alkaline first, then washed with water to neutral, and finally distilled, recrystallization provides dibutyl hydroxytoluene.
Or isobutylene mixed with cresol and concentrated sulfuric acid, reaction at a certain temperature for a certain time, and the crude product is neutralized, and then the crude product is dissolved in ethanol, adding thiourea, hot filtration, spin drying, obtained by drying.

Differential Diagnosis of IONOL CP:
In the chromatogram recorded under the content determination item, the retention time of the main peak of the test solution should be consistent with the retention time of the main peak of the reference solution.
The infrared absorption spectrum of IONOL CP should be consistent with that of the reference product (General rule 0402).

Reaction Flow of IONOL CP:
Today’s ideas on the decomposition of organic compounds (e.g. polymers in plastics, synthetic or native oils in lubricants or unsaturated fatty acids in foodstuff) start from the fact that decomposition is initiated by the formation of hydrocarbon radicals R.

This reaction is caused by heat, light and/or mechanical energy:
R-H + initiator -----> R

In the chain propagation reaction the radical R reacts with atmospheric oxygen to the peroxide radical R-OO and the latter with a further hydrocarbon molecule to a radical R and a peroxide compound R-OOH.

R + O2 -----> R-OO
R-OO + R-H -----> R-OOH + R

The radical R formed in the second reaction step further reacts by chain reaction with oxygen according to the reaction equation detailed on previous page.
The peroxide R-OOH formed in the second reaction step may decompose to aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids and, depending on the type of the damaged organic compound, be responsible for discolourations, corrosion or unpleasant odour (e.g. rancid fats).

The chain reaction above can be stopped by a so-called recombination of the radicals.
The probability of such a chain reaction is very small so that the radical decomposition of organic compounds cannot come to a standstill without the addition of anti-ageing agents.
Anti-ageing agents on the basis of sterically hindered phenols act as radical scavengers, i.e. they directly intervene in the radical decomposition process by chemically bonding the radicals and preventing the chain propagation reaction.

Storage of IONOL CP:
IONOL CP has a 24 months shelf life when properly sealed and stored (in a dry, cool, well-ventilated area, at <50°C).
Non-adherence to these requirements may cause yellowing.

Standard Packaging of IONOL CP:
PE-lined paper bags, 25 kg net, shrink-wrapped on pallets (net weight: 750 kg or 1,000 kg) or 20 kg net, shrink-wrapped on pallets (net weight: 1,000 kg).
Fibre kegs, 40 kg net.
Big bags, 500 / 1,000 kg net.

First Aid Measures of IONOL CP:

First-aid measures general:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
If you feel unwell, seek medical advice (show the label where possible).

First-aid measures after inhalation:
Assure fresh air breathing.
Allow the victim to rest.

First-aid measures after skin contact:
Remove affected clothing and wash all exposed skin area with mild soap and water, followed by warm water rinse.

First-aid measures after eye contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water.
Obtain medical attention if pain, blinking or redness persists.

First-aid measures after ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Do not induce vomiting.
Obtain emergency medical attention.

Firefighting Measures of IONOL CP:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam.
Dry powder.
Carbon dioxide.
Water spray.
Sand.

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
Do not use a heavy water stream.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:

Fire hazard:
Not classified as flammable but will burn.

Hazardous decomposition products in case of fire:
Carbon monoxide.
Carbon dioxide.

Advice for firefighters:

Firefighting instructions:
Use water spray or fog for cooling exposed containers.
Exercise caution when fighting any chemical fire.
Prevent fire fighting water from entering the environment.

Protection during firefighting:
Do not enter fire area without proper protective equipment, including respiratory protection.

Identifiers of IONOL CP:
Chemical name: 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
CAS-Nº: 128-37-0
Molecular weight: 220.4 g/mol

Product form: Substance
Substance name: IONOL CP
Chemical name: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
EC-No.: 204-881-4
CAS-No.: 128-37-0
REACH registration No: 01-2119565113-46
Formula: C15H24O
Synonyms: 2.6-di terc-butyl-4-methyl phenol

Typical Properties of IONOL CP:
Appearance: White crystalline solid Visual
Boiling point at 1013 hPa: 265 °C
Bulk density: 0.66 kg/L
Density at 80°C: 0.899 g/ml
Flash point: 127°C ASTM D93
Refractive index: 1.4859
Solubility in water at 25°C: 0.6 mg/L
Solubility in acetone at 20°C: > 50 %
Solubility in chloroform at 20°C: > 50 %
Solubility in heptane at 20°C: 47.8 %
Solubility in methanol at 20°C: 26.6 %
Solubility in toluene at 20°C: > 50 %

Physical state: Solid
Appearance: Crystalline.
Colour: White.
Odour: Characteristic.
Melting point: 70 °C
Boiling point: 265 °C (Handbook and/or Scientific papers)
Flash point: 127 °C (Handbook and/or Scientific papers)
Auto-ignition temperature: Not applicable
Flammability (solid, gas): Not flammable.
Vapour pressure: 3.82 Pa (24,85 ºC)
Relative density: 1.048 (Handbook and/or Scientific papers)
Solubility: Water: 0.6 g/ml (Handbook and/or Scientific papers)
Log Pow: 5.2 (Handbook and/or Scientific papers)
Viscosity, kinematic: 3,47 cSt (80 ºC), 1,54 cSt (120 ºC), 0,920 cSt (160 ºC) (Handbook and/or Scientific papers)
Oxidising properties: The study does not need to be conducted because the substance is incapable of reacting
exothermically with combustible materials.
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 7.5 g/m³

Molecular Formula: C15H24O
Molar Mass: 220.35
Density: 1.048
Melting Point: 69-73°C(lit.)
Boling Point: 265°C(lit.)
Flash Point: 127 °C
Water Solubility: insoluble
Solubility: Soluble in toluene, soluble in acetone, ethanol, benzene, ether, isopropanol, methanol, 2-butanone, ethylene glycol ether, petroleum ether and other organic solutions, insoluble in water and alkali solution.
Vapor Presure: Vapor Density: 7.6 (vs air)
Appearance: Colorless crystalline or white crystalline powder
Color: white
Odor: faint characteristic odor
Exposure Limit: ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3NIOSH: TWA 10 mg/m3
Merck: 14,1548
BRN: 1911640
pKa: pKa 14(H2Ot = 25c = 0.002 to 0.01) (Uncertain)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Stability: Stable, but light-sensitive. Incompatible with acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, brass, copper, copper alloys, steel, bases, oxidizing agents. Combustible.
Refractive Index: 1.4859
MDL: MFCD00011644

Specifications of IONOL CP:
Purity: min 99.8 w/w-%
Melting point: 70±1ºC
Water content: max 0.12 w/w-%
Colour (30% w/w-% in acetone): max 30 apha
Sulphate Ash: max 0.002 w/w-%

Other IONOL Products:
IONOL CP
IONOL 75
IONOL 75S30
IONOL 75T30
IONOL BS35
IONOL BT45
IONOL BF200
IONOL BF350
IONOL BF1000
IONOL K65
IONOL K72
IONOL K78
IONOL K98
IONOL 99
IONOL 103
IONOL 135
IONOL 220
IONOL 220 AH
IONOL PET FOOD
IONOL AQUA 50
IONOL CPS
IONOL CP MOLTEN
IONOL 175N
IONOL 175N PLUS
IONOL FEED 501
IONOL FEED 101
IONOL 200N
IONOL CPF
IONOL CPA
IONOL CPC
IONOL CPD
IONOL FEED 502
IONOL CPA FLAKES
IONOL LC
IONOL BHT TECHNICAL GRADE
IONOL BHT TECHNICAL FLAKES

Synonyms of IONOL CP:
bht
BHT
dbpc
T501
2,6-DBPC
BHTOX-BHT
ralox bht
BHT (BAGS)
bht (bags)
Antioxidant 264
501 antioxidant
antioxidant bht
BHT,GRANULAR,FCC
bht,granular,fcc
Antioxidant T501
anti-oxidant bht
Anitioxidant BHT
dibutylmethylphenol
butylhydroxytoluene
ionol cp-antioxidant
bht,granular,technical
BHT,GRANULAR,TECHNICAL
2-butyl-3-methylphenol
3-butyl-4-methylphenol
butylated hydroxytoluene
butylhydroxytoluene bht
Butylated Hydroxytoluene
2,6-Di-tert-buty-p-cresol
butylated hydroxy toluene
di-tert-butyl-para-cresol
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-cresol
2,6-di-tert. butyl-p-cresol
di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene
Rubber Anti aging agent 264
2,6-ditertiarybutylparacresol
2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol
4-methyl-2,6-di(tert-butyl)phenol
3,5-di-tert-4-butylhydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol
BUTYLATEDHYDROXYTOLUENE,GRANULAR,NF
butylatedhydroxytoluene,granular,nf
bht (di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluol)
2,6,-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol cp
3,5-di-tert-4butylhydroxytoluene (bht)
2,6-di-(tert-butyl)-4-methylphynol-d21
Butylated hydroxytoluene Manufacturer
2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methyl phenol[128,37,0]
2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol
2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol(bht)
bht 2,6 - di - tert - butyl -4- methyl phenol
butyleret hydroxytoluen(2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol)
Ionol CP128-37-0204-881-4C15H24O
Ionol(R) CPA
Ionol(R) CPD
Ionol(R) CPC
Ionol(R) CPM
2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methylphenol
2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol
butylated hydroxytoluene
dbpc
ralox bht
butylhydroxytoluene
2,6-di-tert. butyl-p-cresol
dibutylmethylphenol
bht
butylhydroxytoluene bht
4-methyl-2,6-di(tert-butyl)phenol
antioxidant bht
anti-oxidant bht
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-cresol
2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methyl phenol
501 antioxidant
butylated hydroxy toluene
butyleret hydroxytoluen(2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol)
2,6-di-(tert-butyl)-4-methylphynol-d21
3,5-di-tert-4butylhydroxytoluene (bht)
bht (bags)
bht fcc|nf
bht,granular,fcc
bht,granular,technical
butylatedhydroxytoluene,granular,nf
di-tert-butylhydroxytoluene
2,6-ditertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol(bht)
butylated hydroxytoluene (bht&2,6-dbpc)
di-tert-butyl-para-cresol
2,6-ditertiarybutylparacresol
bht (di-tert.-butyl-4-hydroxytoluol)
ionol cp-antioxidant
2,6-ditertbutyl-4-methyl phenol[128,37,0]
bht 2,6 - di - tert - butyl -4- methyl phenol
2,6,-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol cp
BHTOX-BHT
Anitioxidant BHT
T501
Antioxidant 264
2,6-DBPC
3,5-di-tert-4-butylhydroxytoluene
Antioxidant T501
3-butyl-4-methylphenol
2-butyl-3-methylphenol
2,6-Di-tert-buty-p-cresol
Rubber Anti aging agent 264

Iron 3 Chloride; Iron(III) chloride; Iron trichloride; Ferric chloride; Molysite; Flores martis cas no: 7705-08-0

isopropanol; 2-Propanol; sec-Propyl alcohol; Isopropyl alcohol; Propan-2-ol; 67-63-0; 2-Hydroxypropane; Dimethylcarbinol; 1-Methylethanol; 2-Propyl alcohol CAS NO:67-63-0

IPBC (Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate) Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate Iodopropynyl Butyl Carbamate (IPBC) is a water-soluble preservative used globally in the paints & coatings, wood preservatives, personal care, and cosmetics industries. IPBC is a member of the carbamate family of biocides.[1] IPBC was invented in the 1970s and has a long history of effective use as an antifungal technology. History IPBC was initially developed for use in the paint & coatings industry as a dry-film preservative to protect interior and exterior coatings from mold, mildew, and fungal growth, while also offering cost performance and sustainability benefits. IPBC exhibits efficacy against a broad spectrum of fungal species, typically at very low use levels. IPBC today is incorporated into a wide variety of interior and exterior paint formulations around the world. Use is restricted in some countries due to its toxicity, especially acute inhalation toxicity. IPBC is also becoming recognized as a contact allergen.[2] Uses IPBC is an effective fungicide at very low concentrations in cosmetic and other products, and has shown very low sensitivity in humans tested with this preservative. IPBC was approved in 1996 for use up to 0.1% concentrations in topical products and cosmetics. However, this preservative is mostly found in cosmetics at about one-eighth that level [Maier et al., 2009]. IPBC Toxicity and Safety Tests show it to be generally safe: When used properly in leave-on skin products, IPBC is extremely safe [Steinberg, 2002]. Previous to being approved for cosmetic use in 1996, extensive safety and toxicity tests were conducted on IPBC and their results were gathered along with earlier studies in a report of the Safety Assessment of IPBC by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review [CIR Final Report, Lanigan 1998]. This final report found IPBC to be a non-carcinogen with no genotoxicity and in reproductive and developmental toxicity studies using rats and mice, IPBC had no significant effect on fertility, reproductive performance, or on the incidence of fetal malformation [Lanigan, 1998]. Toxicity The study, "Final Report on the Safety Assessment of Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate", discusses the results of 32 studies between 1990 and 1994 in 3,582 subjects using skin application of IPBC at relevant concentrations. [3] All 32 studies showed no evidence of contact sensitization compared to placebo controls, with the report stating "With each test formulation, a few panelists had erythema, edema, and/or a papular response, but overall, the results were negative." In addition, the study mentions two skin sensitivity studies on 183 children ages 3 – 12 yrs which showed no adverse effects as well as no significant irritation from IPBC. Since the early safety report, there have been a few reports of human skin sensitivity to IPBC in individual patients – all of which showed complete recovery after discontinuance of use of any product containing the IPBC which was presumably an allergen for these patients [Toholka & Nixon, 2014; Pazzaglia & Tosti, 1999]. Post-1996 tests of human sensitivity to IPBC have all shown quite low sensitivity, having overall reported human skin testing (patch test) on 53,774 subjects with only 491 of those subjects showing any reaction (0.8%) to IPBC. In every study, positive patch test reactions occurred in less than 1% of subjects tested in all but one study. This is a very low reaction rate, but it is not zero, and the industry reports this low rate of reaction even though in the largest study of 25,435 subjects over 69% of the reactions were either weak or doubtful [Warshaw et al., 2013a]. These combined studies showing prevalence of reaction below 1% means that IPBC at this time does not have the reaction rates necessary to be included as an allergen in standard allergy series. But, it remains under close monitoring as it is a relatively new preservative for cosmetic products and will presumably increase in usage [Sasseville, 2004]. Most human patch tests performed before 2004 were with 0.1% IPBC solutions, i.e. 10 times the concentration used in many cosmetic products. Some used 0.5% IPBC. In 2004, it was suggested that a better concentration for tests of this substance would be 0.2% [Brasch et al., 2004] and this has contributed to the diagnosis of more sensitizations to this substance [Martin-Gorgojo & Johansen, 2013]. One study showed significantly increased sensitivity between 2005 and 2010 using 0.5% IPBC in patch tests [Warshaw et al., 2013b]. See also Ingredients of cosmetics Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate Ipbc.svg Names IUPAC name 3-Iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate Other names 3-Iodo-2-propynyl N-butylcarbamate; 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate; Iodocarb Identifiers CAS Number 55406-53-6 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Abbreviations IPBC ChEBI CHEBI:83279 ☒ ChemSpider 55933 check ECHA InfoCard 100.054.188 PubChem CID 62097 UNII 603P14DHEB check Properties Chemical formula C8H12INO2 Molar mass 281.093 g·mol−1 IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE IODOPROPYNYL BUTYLCARBAMATE is classified as : Preservative CAS Number 55406-53-6 EINECS/ELINCS No: 259-627-5 Restriction (applies to EU only): VI/56 COSING REF No: 34582 Chem/IUPAC Name: 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate What Is Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate? Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate, also known as IPBC, is a white or slightly off-white crystalline powder that contains iodine. It is used in a wide variety of cosmetics and personal-care products Why is Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate used in cosmetics and personal care products? Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate prevents or retards bacterial growth, thereby protecting cosmetics and personal-care products from spoilage. Follow this link for more information about how preservatives protect cosmetics and personal care products. Scientific Facts: Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate is an internationally recognized preservative that has been used for years because of a wide field of application. The need for a broad-spectrum and safe preservative system for cosmetics has led to the development of several combinations of IPBC with other preservatives effective against a wide variety of organisms. IPBC is also used as a preservative in household products, paints, cements and inks. 3-iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate is an off-white solid. 3-iodoprop-2-yn-1-yl butylcarbamate is a carbamate ester that is carbamic acid in which the nitrogen has been substituted by a butyl group and in which the hydrogen of the carboxy group is replaced by a 1-iodoprop-2-yn-3-yl group. A fungicide, it is used as a preservative and sapstain control chemical in wood products and as a preservative in adhesives, paints, latex paper coating, plastic, water-based inks, metal working fluids, textiles, and numerous consumer products. It has a role as a xenobiotic, an environmental contaminant and an antifungal agrochemical. It is a carbamate ester, an organoiodine compound, an acetylenic compound and a carbamate fungicide. Molecular Weight of IPBC: 281.09 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3-AA of IPBC: 2.1 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of IPBC: 1 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of IPBC: 2 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of IPBC: 5 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of IPBC: 280.99128 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of IPBC: 280.99128 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of IPBC: 38.3 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of IPBC: 12 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of IPBC: 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of IPBC: 192 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of IPBC: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of IPBC: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of IPBC: 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of IPBC: 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of IPBC: 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of IPBC: 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of IPBC Is Canonicalized Yes Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate Details It's one of those things that help your cosmetics not to go wrong too soon, aka a preservative. Its strong point is being effective against yeasts and molds, and as a nice bonus seems to be non-comedogenic as well. It is safe in concentrations of less than 0.1% but is acutely toxic when inhaled, so it's not the proper preservative choice for aerosol formulas like hairsprays. Used at 0.1%, Iodopropynyl Butylcarbamate has an extremely low rate of skin-irritation when applied directly for 24 hours (around 0.1% of 4,883 participants) and after 48 hours that figure was 0.5%, so it counts as mild and safe unless your skin is super-duper sensitive. iodopropynyl butylcarbamate Where is iodopropynyl butylcarbamate found? Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate is a preservative used in cosmetics, wet wipes (toilet paper), and other personal care products. It is also used as a biocide in paints, primers, and industrial coolants and cooling lubricants. How can you avoid contact with iodopropynyl butylcarbamate? Avoid products that list any of the following names in the ingredients: • Butyl-3-iodo-2-propynylcarbamate • Carbamic acid, butyl-3-iodo-2-propynyl ester • Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate • 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butylcarbamate • EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 107801 • BRN 2248232 • Caswell No. 501A • EINECS 259-627-5 • HSDB 7314 • 3-Iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbamate What are some products that may contain iodopropynyl butylcarbamate? Baby Care • Baby lotion • Baby wash and shampoo • Diaper rash cream • Flushable moist wipes Body Washes and Soaps • Cleansing towelettes • Makeup remover towelettes Cosmetics • Concealer • Eye lash tint • Liquid eye liner Hair Dye Hair Hair Styling Products • Gel • Hairspray • Pomade • Root lifter Industrial Coolants and Cooling Lubricants Lip Balm Lotions and Skin Care Products • Acne treatment • Anti-itch cream • Bar soap • Body lotion • Moisturizer • Wrinkle cream Paints and Stains Shampoos and Conditioners Shaving Creams and Gels Sunscreens Yard care • Insect killer • Weed killer Iodopropynyl butylcarbamate (IPBC) is an internationally recognized chemical that has been used for years because of its wide field of application. Initially used as a water-based paint and wood preservative and then in metalworking fluids, its role has expanded into the more recent uses in cosmetic products. The need for a potent, broad-spectrum, and safe preservative system in cosmetics allowed for the discovery of several combinations of IPBC effective against a wide variety of organisms. Although IPBC has claimed to be safe when used at concentrations less than 0.1%, the introduction of IPBC into cosmetics has led to several reports labeling IPBC as a potential new contact allergen. As the use of this seemingly safe preservative becomes vast, an increased number of cases of IPBC-induced contact allergy is likely.

Chemical name: 3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl carbomate Description; Nipacide IPBC 30 is a 30% active IPBC clear glycolic fungicide, Nipacide IPBC 30 has been developed for fungal dry film protection of water based coatings. Nipacide IPBC 30 can also be used for wet state, in-can fungal protection. Nipacide IPBC 30 is effective against a wide range of fungal and yeast species and exhibits some activity against gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Dry –film degradation in paints and decorative coatings can be avoided by using the correct dry-film fungicides at the most cost effective use level. Ideal dry-film properties achieved by Nipacide IPBC3 30 include: • High activity against a broad range of fungi and algae • Excellent activity at relatively low use concentrations • Carbendazim free • pH stable • UV stable • Low water solubility • Approved under the Biocidal Products Directive • Cost effective protection Applications; Nipacide IPBC 30 is recommended for protection of a wide range of coating applications including water based decorative paints, wood stains and colours. Nipacide IPBC 30 can also be used in solvent based applications. Increased antifungal activity can also be achieved by using Nipacide IPBC 30 for in-can use in adhesives grouts and sealants. Nipacide IPBC 30 is effective against a wide range of spoilage organisms effective over a wide pH range. Nipacide IPBC 30 should not be used in products heated above 400 C. Use level; Nipacide IPBC 30 should be evaluated in finished products at levels between 0.50% and 2.0% for dry film applications. The level of protection will depend on many factors including the end destination of coating, relative humidity, sun strength and others and can be determined by evaluation by our team of microbiologists at the Microbiology facility. For in-can antifungal activity Nipacide IPBC 30 should be evaluated between 0.10% and 0.30%. Microbiological data; Even though Nipacide IPBC 30 is designed for dry-film applications it also exhibits activity against a wide range of bacteria, fungi and yeast. This can be demonstrated by the following MIC data. Chemical compatibility; Nipacide IPBC 30 is compatible with most raw materials used in the manufacture of industrial and decorative coatings. Nipacide IPBC 30 compatibility should always be checked and evaluated before use.

IPHA 15% Isopropyl alcohol (IPHA 15%) (IUPAC name propan-2-ol; commonly called isopropanol or 2-propanol) is a compound with the chemical formula CH3CHOHCH3.[8] It is a colorless, flammable chemical compound with a strong odor. As an isopropyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, it is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms. It is a structural isomer of 1-propanol and ethyl methyl ether. It is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of industrial and household chemicals, and is a common ingredient in chemicals such as antiseptics, disinfectants, and detergents. isopropyl alcohol (IPHA 15%) is also known as 2-propanol, sec-propyl alcohol, IPA, or isopropanol. IUPAC considers isopropanol an incorrect name as the hydrocarbon isopropane does not exist Recommended use: Monomer stabilizer. Polymerization chainstopper. Synthesis intermediate. Photochemical additive. For industrial use. Other names of isopropyl alcohol (IPHA 15%), colorless, flammable liquid are known. For example, in the lab it may be simply denoted by isopropanol, isopro, iso, isopropyl, or acronym IPA. It is also an inorganic compound sometimes called 2-propanol, possibly referred to as an isomer, also known as propanol. Of course, isopropyl alcohol (IPHA 15%) is most commonly known as simple spirit. isopropyl alcohol (IPHA 15%), also known as isopropanol; clear, mixture of ethanol and acetone has an odor; it is a flammable alcohol. It forms solutions in any proportion with water, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and benzene, can be subjected to all typical reactions of secondary alcohols, and gives strong reactions with strong oxidizing agents. isopropyl alcohol (IPHA 15%), which is used as a low cost solvent in many applications, is similar to ethyl alcohol in terms of solvent properties and evaporation rate. If it burns, it decomposes to form carbon monoxide, which is toxic. IPHA 15% is useful for use in lacquers, inks and thinners in terms of its high latent solvent power, moderate evaporation rate and many other solvents it forms for cellulose nitrate, cellulose acetate butyrate and cellulose acetate procyanate. The use of isopropyl alcohol (IPHA 15%) in the production of monoisoprolamine for herbicides is the fastest growing segment in terms of use, and its use as a solvent in coatings and inks remains either the same or increases slightly. IPHA 15% is usually used by diluting with water when necessary for cleaning and stain removal. IPHA 15% is also used to remove oxidation and residual resin residues in electronic circuit boards. As a solvent IPHA 15%; in extraction and purification of natural products such as vegetable and animal oils, gum resins, waxes, colorants, flavors, alkaloids, vitamins and alginates; as a carrier in the production of foodstuffs; in purification, crystallization and precipitation of organic chemicals; It finds application in synthetic polymers such as phenolic varnishes and nitrocellulose lacquers. Also as a solvent; Participates in formulations of cosmetics, hair tonics, perfumes, skin lotions, hair dye rinse, skin cleaners, deodorant, nail polish, shampoo, hair sprays, air fresheners. As coating and paint solvent; It finds application in the production of cement, primer, paint and ink and acts as a cleaning and drying agent in liquid soap and detergent. isopropyl alcohol (IPHA 15%) (IPA); It is also used in the production of acetone and its derivatives and other chemicals such as isopropyl acetate, isopropylamine, diisopropyl ether, isopropyl xanthate, fatty acid esters, herbicidal esters and aluminum isopropoxide. Other Area of ​​Usage; It can be considered as a cooling agent in beer production, dehydrating agent in polyvinyl fluoride production, polymerization modifier and as a flavoring agent in home tobacco and personal care products. About IPHA 15% IPHA 15% has not been registered under the REACH Regulation, therefore as yet ECHA has not received any data about IPHA 15% from registration dossiers. IPHA 15% is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites. Widespread uses by professional workers IPHA 15% is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals. ECHA has no public registered data on the types of manufacture using IPHA 15%. Other release to the environment of IPHA 15% is likely to occur from: indoor use as reactive substance. Uses at industrial sites IPHA 15% is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products, water treatment chemicals, adhesives and sealants and polymers. IPHA 15% is used for the manufacture of: rubber products. Release to the environment of IPHA 15% can occur from industrial use: as processing aid and as processing aid. The pure N-Isopropylhydroxylamine (IPHA 15%) is a white crystalline flake; however, it is sold as a 15% solution in water [2]. The aqueous solution is colourless with a slight amine odour [2]. IPHA 15% is marketed as a free-radical scavenger and uses in acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and styrene-butadiene rubber manufacturing under the trade name CHAINGUARDTMI-15 Hydroxylamine. It is also used as an oxygen scavenger and metal passivator to control corrosion in boilers and marketed with the trade name HYDROGUARDTM I-15 Hydroxylamine [2]. IPHA 15% may also be used in other applications, such as photographic processing, “popcorn” polymer inhibition, monomer stabilization, reducing agent, dye affinity aid; ORE recovery (chelator) and as a synthetic building block [1]. The estimated rate constant of oral absorption of IPHA 15% through human gastrointestinal tract (jejunum) is 0.014 min-1by ACD/ADME Suite version 5.0 (Advanced Chemistry development, Toronto, ON, Canada). This low rate of oral absorption is consistent with the pKa (6.16) of the basic (pH of 15% aqueous solution = 10.6) compound. Most of IPHA 15% will remain ionized in human jejunum which has a pH of 6.5, lowering oral absorption. Even with the slow rate of oral absorption, the overall amount of absorption is estimated to be 99% (ACD/ADME Suite). It has also been estimated to have a moderate volume of distribution of 1.1 L/kg in human, consistent with the low log Kow for this compound. Similarly, plasma protein binding of IPHA 15% is estimated to be ~52% in humans by ACD/ADME Suite. No toxicological information for IPHA 15% is found for comparison with the rate of absorption and acute toxicity. The steady-state dermal permeability coefficient of aqueous IPHA 15% through human epidermis has been estimated to be 7.42 x 10-4cm/h by Dermwin version 2.01 (EPI Suite version 4.0). On the basis of this data, negligible penetration of dermally applied IPHA 15% is expected. However, no dermal toxicity data are available for comparison. Distribution Due to its basic nature (pH = 10.6 of 15% aqueous solution [1]), non-lipophilicity (log Kow= 0.15) and moderate plasma protein binding (~52%), a moderate volume of distribution (1.1 L/kg) is estimated for IPHA 15% in humans by ACD/ADME Suite. Accumulation Due to moderate plasma protein binding and low volume of distribution, IPHA 15% is expected to have very low bioaccumulation potential. Metabolism No data on the metabolism of IPHA 15% in rat or other species has been reported. As shown in the chemical structure, IHPA contains the two moieties of isopropyl and hydroxyamine. Therefore, it’s metabolism will be predicted based on the metabolism of both isopropyl and hydroxyamine. The isopropyl group can be metabolized to by cytochrome P450 via hydroxylation, this will lead to the hydroxylated IPHA 15% metabolite. The hydroxyamine group is expected to be metabolically stable, and will not be further metabolized by cytochrome P450 or other Phase I or II enzymes,in vivoorin vitro. Based on these rationale, the potential metabolite of IPHA 15% will be hydroxylated isopropylhydroxyamine. Excretion Both IPHA 15% and the hydroxylated isopropylhydroxyamine metabolite are water-soluble; therefore, would be expected to excreted primarily in urine. Summary This analysis estimated a relative dermal absorption of 3.5% to 7.4% of the applied dose for an aqueous solution of N-isopropylhydroxylamine (IPHA 15%), CAS No. 5080-22-8. A literature search of several databases did not find experimental dermal absorption results for IPHA 15%. QSARs were used to estimate the skin permeability coefficient and which was then extrapolated to a relative dermal absorption. Although one analog of IPHA 15% was found, it did not have experimental dermal absorption results so read across could not be applied. Introduction An evaluation of the potential human dermal absorption was conducted for IPHA 15% in order to refine the DNEL derivation for the ANGUS Chemical registration of IPHA 15% for REACH. The previous DNEL analysis conservatively assumed 100% relative dermal absorption. 1. Physical state. The substance is in aqueous solution under the use conditions; liquids are taken up more readily than dry particulates. 2. Exposure. IPHA 15% is used in 15% aqueous solutions in HYDROGUARD and CHAINGUARD, these products are for industrial use in water-treatment operations and polymer reaction-control applications. It was suggested that transferring the chemical from a product container into a process tank would present the highest exposure potential; other tasks would expose the worker to more dilute solutions. 3. Physical and chemical properties. IPHA 15% has a molecular weight of 75. Molecular weight is an indicator of the molecule volume and the penetration rate of a molecule into the skin is inversely proportional to its volume. One would not expect the molecular weight of IPHA 15% to significantly limit is dermal penetration. 4. Octanol/water partition coefficient, Kow. The estimated log Kow for IPHA 15% is 0.15 and it is classified as lipophobic. The Kow, is the ratio of the chemical concentration in octanol to its concentration in water, with octanol acting as a model for the lipids (fats) in an organism. A log Kow value below 0 will limit penetration into the stratum corneum and limit dermal absorption. A high log Kow value corresponds to a highly lipophilic chemical which will tend to partition into the skin lipids rather than the aqueous matrix. 5. Vapor pressure. If a substance has a significant vapor pressure it may evaporate before it has time to penetrate the skin or the skin penetration may be significantly reduced. The vapor pressure for IPHA 15% was reported as 0.26 mm Hg at 20°C (15% aqueous IPHA 15% in CHAINGUARD™ ) and evaporation may reduce the dermal load and possibly limit the dermal penetration. 6. Lag time. This is the experimentally determined duration for the substance to penetrate the skin and be measured in the receptor fluid in the test cell. A long lag time may be due to the stratum corneum providing a barrier which prevents substance penetration. A long lag time may also be due to the substance penetrating slowly or formation of a skin residue. The calculations using the skin permeability coefficient assume the substance immediately penetrates the skin and do not consider the lag time in uptake. The USEPA DERMWIN v2.01 predicted tau as 0.281 hr, tau is lag time in update; it predicted t*as 0.674 hr, t* is time to steady state penetration. 7. Water solubility. This limits the substance concentration in an aqueous solution. Substances which are soluble tend to penetrate the skin well. Substances with a high water solubility may be too hydrophilic to cross the stratum corneum. IPHA 15% has a high predicted water solubility and it is hydrophilic. 8. Water dissociation. Substances which dissociate (ionize) in water do not tend to penetrate the skin well. IPHA 15% does not ionize. Therefore, using the REACH stepwise approach one would expect the low log Kow and the hydrophilic nature of IPHA 15% to limit its dermal penetration. Evaporation may reduce the dermal load and possibly limit the dermal penetration. IPHA 15% is an organic compound, an isomer of n-propanol, aliased dimethylmethanol, 2-propanol. IPHA 15% is a colorless, transparent liquid with a scent like a mixture of ethanol and acetone. Soluble in water, also soluble in most organic solvents such as alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform, etc. IPHA 15% has a wide range of uses as an organic raw material and solvent. 1）As a chemical raw material, it can produce acetone, hydrogen peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, isopropylamine, diisopropyl ether, isopropyl chloride, and fatty acid isopropyl ester and chloro fatty acid isopropyl ester. 2）In the fine chemical industry, it can be used to produce isopropyl nitrate, isopropyl xanthate, triisopropyl phosphite, aluminum isopropoxide, pharmaceuticals and pesticides, etc. It can also be used to produce diisopropanone, isopropyl acetate and Thymol and gasoline additives. 3）IPHA 15% Can be used to produce coatings, inks, extractants, aerosols, etc. 4) In the electronics industry, IPHA 15% can be used as a cleaning and degreasing agent. 5) In the oil and fat industry, the extractant of cottonseed oil can also be used for degreasing of animal-derived tissue membranes. IPHA 15% (IUPAC name propan-2-ol; commonly called isopropanol or 2-propanol) is a colorless, flammable chemical compound (chemical formula CH3CHOHCH3) with a strong odor.[8] As an isopropyl group linked to a hydroxyl group, it is the simplest example of a secondary alcohol, where the alcohol carbon atom is attached to two other carbon atoms. It is a structural isomer of 1-propanol and ethyl methyl ether. IPHA 15% is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of industrial and household chemicals and is a common ingredient in chemicals such as antiseptics, disinfectants, and detergents. Names of IPHA 15% IPHA 15% IPHA 15% is also known as 2-propanol, sec-propyl alcohol, IPA, or isopropanol. IUPAC considers isopropanol an incorrect name as the hydrocarbon isopropane does not exist. Properties of IPHA 15% IPHA 15% is miscible in water, ethanol, ether, and chloroform. It dissolves ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl butyral, many oils, alkaloids, gums and natural resins.[9] Unlike ethanol or methanol, IPHA 15% is not miscible with salt solutions and can be separated from aqueous solutions by adding a salt such as sodium chloride. The process is colloquially called salting out, and causes concentrated IPHA 15% to separate into a distinct layer. IPHA 15% forms an azeotrope with water, which gives a boiling point of 80.37 °C (176.67 °F) and a composition of 87.7 wt% (91 vol%) IPHA 15%. Water–IPHA 15% mixtures have depressed melting points.[10] It has a slightly bitter taste, and is not safe to drink. IPHA 15% becomes increasingly viscous with decreasing temperature and freezes at −89 °C (−128 °F). IPHA 15% has a maximal absorbance at 205 nm in an ultraviolet–visible spectrum. Reactions of IPHA 15% IPHA 15% can be oxidized to acetone, which is the corresponding ketone. This can be achieved using oxidizing agents such as chromic acid, or by dehydrogenation of IPHA 15% over a heated copper catalyst: (CH3)2CHOH → (CH3)2CO + H2 IPHA 15% is often used as both solvent and hydride source in the Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction and other transfer hydrogenation reactions. IPHA 15% may be converted to 2-bromopropane using phosphorus tribromide, or dehydrated to propene by heating with sulfuric acid. Like most alcohols, IPHA 15% reacts with active metals such as potassium to form alkoxides that can be called isopropoxides. The reaction with aluminium (initiated by a trace of mercury) is used to prepare the catalyst aluminium isopropoxide.[14] History of IPHA 15% In 1920, Standard Oil first produced IPHA 15% by hydrating propene. Its major use at the time was not rubbing alcohol but for oxidation to acetone, whose first major use was in World War I for the preparation of cordite, a smokeless, low explosive propellant. Production of IPHA 15% In 1994, 1.5 million tonnes of IPHA 15% were produced in the United States, Europe, and Japan.[16] It is primarily produced by combining water and propene in a hydration reaction or by hydrogenating acetone. There are two routes for the hydration process and both processes require that the IPHA 15% be separated from water and other by-products by distillation. IPHA 15% and water form an azeotrope, and simple distillation gives a material that is 87.9% by weight IPHA 15% and 12.1% by weight water.[18] Pure (anhydrous) IPHA 15% is made by azeotropic distillation of the wet IPHA 15% using either diisopropyl ether or cyclohexane as azeotroping agents.[16] Biological of IPHA 15% Small amounts of IPHA 15% are produced in the body in diabetic ketoacidosis.[19] Indirect hydration of IPHA 15% Indirect hydration reacts propene with sulfuric acid to form a mixture of sulfate esters. This process can use low-quality propene, and is predominant in the USA. These processes give primarily IPHA 15% rather than 1-propanol, because adding water or sulfuric acid to propene follows Markovnikov's rule. Subsequent hydrolysis of these esters by steam produces IPHA 15%, by distillation. Diisopropyl ether is a significant by-product of this process; it is recycled back to the process and hydrolyzed to give the desired product. CH3CH=CH2 + H2O H2SO4⟶ (CH3)2CHOH Direct hydration of IPHA 15% See also: Heteropoly acid Direct hydration reacts propene and water, either in gas or liquid phase, at high pressures in the presence of solid or supported acidic catalysts. This type of process usually requires higher-purity propylene (> 90%).[16] Direct hydration is more commonly used in Europe. Hydrogenation of acetone IPHA 15% may be prepared via the hydrogenation of acetone, however this approach involves an extra step compared to the above methods, as acetone is itself normally prepared from propene via the cumene process.[16] It may remain economical depending on the value of the products. A known issue is the formation of MIBK and other self-condensation products. Raney nickel was one of the original industrial catalysts, modern catalysts are often supported bimetallic materials. This is an efficient process and easy Uses of IPHA 15% One of the small scale uses of isopropanol is in cloud chambers. Isopropanol has ideal physical and chemical properties to form a supersaturated layer of vapor which can be condensed by particles of radiation. In 1990, 45,000 metric tonnes of IPHA 15% were used in the United States, mostly as a solvent for coatings or for industrial processes. In that year, 5400 metric tonnes were used for household purposes and in personal care products. IPHA 15% is popular in particular for pharmaceutical applications,[16] due to its low toxicity. Some IPHA 15% is used as a chemical intermediate. IPHA 15% may be converted to acetone, but the cumene process is more significant. [16] Solvent of IPHA 15% IPHA 15% dissolves a wide range of non-polar compounds. It also evaporates quickly, leaves nearly zero oil traces, compared to ethanol, and is relatively non-toxic, compared to alternative solvents. Thus, it is used widely as a solvent and as a cleaning fluid, especially for dissolving oils. Together with ethanol, n-butanol, and methanol, it belongs to the group of alcohol solvents, about 6.4 million tonnes of which were used worldwide in 2011.[20] IPHA 15% is commonly used for cleaning eyeglasses, electrical contacts, audio or video tape heads, DVD and other optical disc lenses, removing thermal paste from heatsinks on CPUs and other IC packages, etc. Intermediate IPHA 15% is esterified to give isopropyl acetate, another solvent. It reacts with carbon disulfide and sodium hydroxide to give sodium isopropylxanthate, a herbicide and an ore flotation reagent.[21] IPHA 15% reacts with titanium tetrachloride and aluminium metal to give titanium and aluminium isopropoxides, respectively, the former a catalyst, and the latter a chemical reagent.[16] This compound may serve as a chemical reagent in itself, by acting as a dihydrogen donor in transfer hydrogenation. Medical of IPHA 15% Rubbing alcohol, hand sanitizer, and disinfecting pads typically contain a 60–70% solution of IPHA 15% or ethanol in water. Water is required to open up membrane pores of bacteria, which acts as a gateway for IPHA 15%. A 75% v/v solution in water may be used as a hand sanitizer.[22] IPHA 15% is used as a water-drying aid for the prevention of otitis externa, better known as swimmer's ear.[23] Early uses as an anesthetic Although IPHA 15% can be used for anesthesia, its many negative attributes or drawbacks prohibit this use. IPHA 15% can also be used similarly to ether as a solvent[24] or as an anesthetic by inhaling the fumes or orally. Early uses included using the solvent as general anesthetic for small mammals[25] and rodents by scientists and some veterinarians. However, it was soon discontinued, as many complications arose, including respiratory irritation, internal bleeding, and visual and hearing problems. In rare cases, respiratory failure leading to death in animals was observed. Automotive IPHA 15% is a major ingredient in "gas dryer" fuel additives. In significant quantities, water is a problem in fuel tanks, as it separates from gasoline and can freeze in the supply lines at low temperatures. Alcohol does not remove water from gasoline, but the alcohol solubilizes water in gasoline. Once soluble, water does not pose the same risk as insoluble water, as it no longer accumulates in the supply lines and freezes but is consumed with the fuel itself. IPHA 15% is often sold in aerosol cans as a windshield or door lock deicer. IPHA 15% is also used to remove brake fluid traces from hydraulic braking systems, so that the brake fluid (usually DOT 3, DOT 4, or mineral oil) does not contaminate the brake pads and cause poor braking. Mixtures of IPHA 15% and water are also commonly used in homemade windshield washer fluid. Laboratory As a biological specimen preservative, IPHA 15% provides a comparatively non-toxic alternative to formaldehyde and other synthetic preservatives. IPHA 15% solutions of 70–99% are used to preserve specimens. IPHA 15% is often used in DNA extraction. A lab worker adds it to a DNA solution to precipitate the DNA, which then forms a pellet after centrifugation. This is possible because DNA is insoluble in IPHA 15%. Safety of IPHA 15% IPHA 15% vapor is denser than air and is flammable, with a flammability range of between 2 and 12.7% in air. It should be kept away from heat and open flame.[26] Distillation of IPHA 15% over magnesium has been reported to form peroxides, which may explode upon concentration. IPHA 15% is a skin irritant. Wearing protective gloves is recommended. Toxicology of IPHA 15% IPHA 15% and its metabolite, acetone, act as central nervous system (CNS) depressants.[31] Poisoning can occur from ingestion, inhalation, or skin absorption. Symptoms of IPHA 15% poisoning include flushing, headache, dizziness, CNS depression, nausea, vomiting, anesthesia, hypothermia, low blood pressure, shock, respiratory depression, and coma.[31] Overdoses may cause a fruity odor on the breath as a result of its metabolism to acetone.[32] IPHA 15% does not cause an anion gap acidosis but it produces an osmolal gap between the calculated and measured osmolalities of serum, as do the other alcohols.[31] IPHA 15% is oxidized to form acetone by alcohol dehydrogenase in the liver,[31] and has a biological half-life in humans between 2.5 and 8.0 hours.[31] Unlike methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning, the metabolites of IPHA 15% are considerably less toxic, and treatment is largely supportive. Furthermore, there is no indication for the use of fomepizole, an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, unless co-ingestion with methanol or ethylene glycol is suspected. In forensic pathology, people who have died as a result of diabetic ketoacidosis usually have blood concentrations of IPHA 15% of tens of mg/dL, while those by fatal IPHA 15% ingestion usually have blood concentrations of hundreds of mg/dL.

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a fatty acid ester.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is an ester of isopropyl alcohol myristic acid.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is mainly used as a solubilizer, emulsifier and emollient in cosmetic and topical medicines.

CAS: 110-27-0
MF: C17H34O2
MW: 270.45
EINECS: 203-751-4

Synonyms
Isopropyl Myristate, 96% 25GR;IPM 100;IPM-EX;IPM-R;Radia 7730 (IPM);Isopropyl myristate Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;MYRISTIC ACID ISOPROPYL ESTER MINIMU;ISO-PROPYL N-TETRADECANOATE;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE;110-27-0;Isopropyl tetradecanoate;Estergel;Isomyst;Tetradecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester;Bisomel;Promyr;Deltyl Extra;Kesscomir;Tegester;Sinnoester MIP;Crodamol IPM;Plymoutm IPM;Starfol IPM;Unimate IPM;Kessco IPM;Stepan D-50;Emcol-IM;Wickenol 101;Emerest 2314;propan-2-yl tetradecanoate;1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate;Deltylextra;Myristic acid isopropyl ester;JA-FA IPM;Crodamol I.P.M.;Kessco isopropyl myristate;FEMA No. 3556;Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl;Myristic acid, isopropyl ester;Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl ester;Caswell No. 511E;HSDB 626;NSC 406280;Isopropyl myristate [USAN];1-Tridecanecarboxylic acid, isopropyl ester;UNII-0RE8K4LNJS;0RE8K4LNJS;EINECS 203-751-4;Estergel (TN);EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000207;NSC-406280;BRN 1781127;methylethyl tetradecanoate;MFCD00008982;iso-Propyl N-tetradecanoate;DTXSID0026838;CHEBI:90027;EC 203-751-4;Tetradecanoic acid methyethyl ester;1405-98-7;NCGC00164071-01;WE(2:0(1Me)/14:0);MYRISTIC ACID, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ESTER;Isopropyl myristate, 98%;TETRADECONOIC ACID, 1-METHYLETHYL ESTER;DTXCID306838;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (II);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [II];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (MART.);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [MART.];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (USP-RS);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [USP-RS];CAS-110-27-0;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (EP MONOGRAPH);ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [EP MONOGRAPH];IPM-EX;IPM-R;tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester;Deltyextra;Tegosoft M;Isopropyl myristate [USAN:NF];Liponate IPM;Crodamol 1PM;IPM 100;isopropyl-myristate;Lexol IPM;Isopropyltetradecanoate;Radia 7190;Isopropyl myristate (NF);Isopropyl tetradecanoic acid;SCHEMBL2442;Myristic acid-isopropyl ester;Isopropyl myristate, >=98%;CHEMBL207602;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [MI];WLN: 13VOY1&1;FEMA 3556;tetradecanoic acid isopropyl ester;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [FHFI];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [HSDB];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [INCI];ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [VANDF];Isopropyl myristate, >=90% (GC);Tox21_112080;Tox21_202065;Tox21_303171;ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [WHO-DD];LMFA07010677;NSC406280;s2428;AKOS015902296;Tox21_112080_1;DB13966;USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000207;NCGC00164071-02;NCGC00164071-03;NCGC00256937-01;NCGC00259614-01;LS-14615;HY-124190;CS-0085813;FT-0629053;M0481;NS00006471;D02296;F71211;Isopropyl myristate; 1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate;EN300-25299830;Q416222;SR-01000944751;Isopropyl myristate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%;Q-201418;SR-01000944751-1;Isopropyl myristate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard;TETRADECANOIC ACID,ISOPROPYL ESTER (MYRISTATE,ISOPROPYL ESTER);Isopropyl myristate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material;InChI=1/C17H34O2/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-17(18)19-16(2)3/h16H,4-15H2,1-3H

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) also finds applications as a flavoring agent in the food industry.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Weight 1.5 g sample.
Then IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is determined by the method ester assay (OT-18).
The equivalent factor (e) in the calculation is 135.2.
Or IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is determined by a non-polar column method of gas chromatography (GT-10-4).
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is odorless when pure.
May be synthesized by conventional esterification of isopropanol with myristic acid.
Pure IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is virtually odorless, very slightly fatty, but not rancid.

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is an emollient, it helps to strengthen the skin barrier, ensuring that moisture stays locked in.
As an emollient, IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) also helps soften and smooth dry skin, which is why this is a great ingredient for those with dry or flaky skin.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) can also acts as a lubricant, thickening agent or a moisturiser in your cosmetic product.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used to give your product a slicker, smoother feel rather than an oily one.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a moisturizer with polar characteristics used in cosmetics and topical medical preparations to ameliorate the skin absorption.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) has been largely studied and impulsed as a skin penetration enhancer.
At the moment the primary usage for which IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is formally indicated is as the active ingredient in a non-prescription pediculicide rinse.

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a polar emoliant and is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption into the skin is desired.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is being studied as a skin enhancer.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also used as a pesticide against head lice which works by dissolving the wax that covers the exoskeleton of head lice, killing them by dehydration.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used in the same way in flea and tick killing products for pets.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used to remove bacteria from the oral cavity as the non-aqueous component of the two-phase mouthwash product "Dentyl pH".
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is is also used as a solvent in perfume materials and in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a synthetic oil widely used in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries as a lubricant, emollient, and as a non-toxic alternative for controlling head lice.
The oil is manufactured by condensing myristic acid with isopropyl alcohol and is colorless and mild in odor.
This multi-purpose oil is an ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a propane derivative; mirystic acid is a fatty acid common in plant sources such as nutmeg and palm seeds.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) possesses several unique characteristics which make it a valuable additive in many cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
Certainly one of the most significant of these is the oil's ease of absorption by the skin.
Used as an emollient in creams and lotions, isopropyl myristate ensures deep, quick penetration for these preparations.

This deep penetrating characteristic does have a downside however; extensive use of products containing the oil may lead to pore clogging.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) still remains a valuable absorption carrier, though, and is common component of moisturizers, bath oils, and lotions.
Although itself an oil, IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) also reduces greasiness in cosmetics.
When added to lip products and creams, IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) lends the cosmetics a slick, sheer texture without any greasy feel.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also a common ingredient in pharmaceutical formulations.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is often used as a non-pesticide alternative for treating head lice infestations.
The oil destroys the wax layer which insulates the lice and causes death by dehydration.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also effective at controlling oral bacteria and is used in several mouthwash products.

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) Chemical Properties
Melting point: ~3 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 193 °C/20 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.85 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.434(lit.)
FEMA: 3556 | ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: <0.05mg/l
Form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.855 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol. Immiscible with water and glycerol.
Merck: 14,5215
JECFA Number: 311
BRN: 1781127
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: AXISYYRBXTVTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.71
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-27-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) (110-27-0)
EPA Substance Registry System: IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) (110-27-0)

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a colorless and odorless liquid with a faint odor, and miscible with vegetable oil.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is not easy to be either hydrolyzed or become rancid.
The refractive index nD20 is 1.435~1.438, and the relative density (20°C) is 0.85~0.86.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used in many applications, including pharma, food and personal care product manufacturing.

Uses
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a fatty acid ester which is used as solvent in water-in-oil emulsion, oils and fatty based ointments.
The use of IPM is recommended in the Sterility Test chapter of the European, Japanese and United States Pharmacopoeia (EP, 2.6.13, JP, 4.06 and USP, 71) as diluent for oils and oily solutions, as well as for ointments and creams.
Indeed, IPM (Isopropyl Myristate)'s solvent properties improve the filterability of these samples.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is known as a penetration enhancer for topical preparations.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a waterclear, low viscous oily liquid with a very good spreading capacity on the skin.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is mainly used in cosmetics as an oilcomponent for emulsions, bath oils and as a solvent for active substances.

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is an emollient in cosmetic and pharmaceutical bases.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is an emollient, moisturizer, binder, and skin softener that also assists in product penetration.
An ester of myristic acid, IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is naturally occurring in coconut oil and nutmeg.
Although IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is generally considered comedogenic, some ingredient manufacturers clearly specify non-comedogenicity on their data sheets.
In cosmetic and topical medicinal Preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired. A jellied IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) was marketed as Estergel.

IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a polar emollient and is used in cosmetic and topical pharmaceutical preparations where skin absorption is desired.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also used as a treatment for head lice.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also in flea and tick killing products for pets.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used to remove bacteria from the oral cavity as the non-aqueous component of the two-phase mouthwash product "Dentyl pH".
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is also used as a solvent in perfume materials, and in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.
Hydrolysis of the ester from IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) can liberate the acid and the alcohol. The acid is theorized to be responsible for decreasing of the pH value of formulations.[3][4]

Pharmaceutical Applications
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a nongreasy emollient that is absorbed readily by the skin.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used as a component of semisolid bases and as a solvent for many substances applied topically.
Applications in topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations include bath oils; make-up; hair and nail care products; creams; lotions; lip products; shaving products; skin lubricants; deodorants; otic suspensions; and vaginal creams.
For example, IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a self-emulsifying component of a proposed cold cream formula, which is suitable for use as a vehicle for drugs or dermatological actives; it is also used cosmetically in stable mixtures of water and glycerol.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used as a penetration enhancer for transdermal formulations, and has been used in conjunction with therapeutic ultrasound and iontophoresis.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) has been used in a water-oil gel prolonged-release emulsion and in various microemulsions.
Such microemulsions may increase bioavailability in topical and transdermal applications.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) has also been used in microspheres, and significantly increased the release of drug from etoposide-loaded microspheres.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used in soft adhesives for pressuresensitive adhesive tapes.

Pharmacology
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used in pharmaceutical preparations because it improves solubility and increases absorption through the skin.
External uses include a non-irritating iodine preparation for disinfecting the skin and aerosol bactericidal preparations for feminine hygiene use without irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.
Preparations for internal use include oral steroid formulations and anaesthetic injection solutions.
Veterinary medications containing isopropyl myristate include oral or parenteral compositions for lungworm infections and a spray formulation for bovine udders to treat mastitis, combat infection and improve the general skin condition.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) has been found to be an effective repository vehicle for im injection of penicillin in rabbits and for sc administration of oestrogens in ovariectomized rats.
In assays on human forearms, vasoconstrictor activity of ointment preparations containing 0025% betamethasone 17-benzoate in white soft paraffin was increased by the presence of IPM (Isopropyl Myristate).
Donovan, Ohmart & Stoklosa (1954) noted that the good solvent properties of IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) might increase the therapeutic activity of formulations by the apparent alteration in particle size of the active ingredients, so that further evaluation and clinical study would be necessary before its use in extemporaneous compounding could be recommended.
Studies in which the antifungal activity of paraben esters solubilized by surfactants was decreased by IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) indicate that the effectiveness of medicinal substances may be influenced by the presence of surfactants and oily ingredients such as isopropyl myristate.

Production Method
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a product of esterification of myristic acid derived from re-steamed coconut coil with isopropyl alcohol.
(1) 200 kg myristic acid and 450 kg isopropyl alcohol were added into the reaction vessel in turn.
After mixing, 360 kg sulfuric acid (98%) was added.
The reaction mixture was heated to reflux for 10 hours.
Isopropyl alcohol was then recovered, washed with ice water, and neutralized with Na2CO3 aqueous solution (10%).
Under normal pressure, isopropyl alcohol and water were distilled.
While under reduced pressure, isopropyl myristate was distilled (185°C/1.0kPa~195°C/2.7kPa).

(2) 90 kg isopropyl alcohol was added into the reaction vessel and then sulfuric acid as catalyst, with 5% of the total amount, was added.
During mixing, 228 kg myristic acid was added slowly.
The mixture was heated to reflux and water was continuously separated.
Until no water was separated, the reaction temperature was reduced and probe was obtained to measure the acid value.
When the acid value reached 1.5 mg KOH/g, the reaction was completed.
Alkali was then added for neutralization.
After the removal of water under reduced pressure, the pressure was further reduced for dealcoholization until the acid value was 0.05~1.0 mg KOH/g.
The final product is then IPM (Isopropyl Myristate).

Production Methods
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) may be prepared either by the esterification of myristic acid with propan-2-ol or by the reaction of myristoyl chloride and propan-2-ol with the aid of a suitable dehydrochlorinating agent.
A high-purity material is also commercially available, produced by enzymatic esterification at low temperature.

Contact allergens
Despite wide use in cosmetics, perfumes, and topical medicaments, IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is a very weak sen- sitizer and a mild irritant.

Biochem/physiol Actions
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used to change the physicochemical characteristics of microsheres such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres.
IPM (Isopropyl Myristate) is used as a oil phase component in the formulaton of microemulsion systems.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a colorless and odorless liquid with a faint odor, and miscible with vegetable oil.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is not easy to be either hydrolyzed or become rancid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in many applications, including pharma, food and personal care product manufacturing.

CAS Number: 110-27-0
Molecular Formula: C17H34O2
Molecular Weight: 270.45
EINECS Number: 203-751-4

Synonyms: ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE, 110-27-0, Isopropyl tetradecanoate, Estergel, Tetradecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester, Bisomel, Isomyst, Promyr, Deltyl Extra, Kesscomir, Tegester, Sinnoester MIP, Crodamol IPM, Plymoutm IPM, Starfol IPM, Unimate IPM, Kessco IPM, Emcol-IM, propan-2-yl tetradecanoate, Wickenol 101, Myristic acid isopropyl ester, Stepan D-50, Emerest 2314, 1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate, Deltylextra, JA-FA IPM, Crodamol I.P.M., Kessco isopropyl myristate, Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl, FEMA No. 3556, Myristic acid, isopropyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, isopropyl ester, Caswell No. 511E, Isopropyl myristate [USAN], 1-Tridecanecarboxylic acid, isopropyl ester, HSDB 626, NSC 406280, UNII-0RE8K4LNJS, 0RE8K4LNJS, EINECS 203-751-4, Estergel (TN), EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000207, NSC-406280, BRN 1781127, methylethyl tetradecanoate, MFCD00008982, iso-Propyl N-tetradecanoate, DTXSID0026838, CHEBI:90027, EC 203-751-4, Tetradecanoic acid methyethyl ester, 1405-98-7, NCGC00164071-01, WE(2:0(1Me)/14:0), isopropylmyristate, MYRISTIC ACID, ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL ESTER, Isopropyl myristate, 98%, TETRADECONOIC ACID, 1-METHYLETHYL ESTER, DTXCID306838, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (II), ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [II], ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (MART.), ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [MART.], ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (USP-RS), ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [USP-RS], CAS-110-27-0, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE (EP MONOGRAPH), ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [EP MONOGRAPH], IPM-EX, Isopropyl myristate; 1-Methylethyl tetradecanoate, IPM-R, tetradecanoic acid 1-methylethyl ester, Deltyextra, Myristic acid-isopropyl ester, Tegosoft M, Isopropyl myristate [USAN:NF], Liponate IPM, Crodamol 1PM, IPM 100, isopropyl-myristate, Lexol IPM, Isopropyltetradecanoate, Radia 7190, Isopropyl myristate (NF), Isopropyl tetradecanoic acid, SCHEMBL2442, Isopropyl myristate, >=98%, CHEMBL207602, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [MI], WLN: 13VOY1&1, FEMA 3556, tetradecanoic acid isopropyl ester, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [FHFI], ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [HSDB], ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [VANDF], Isopropyl myristate, >=90% (GC), Tox21_112080, Tox21_202065, Tox21_303171, ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE [WHO-DD], LMFA07010677, NSC406280, s2428, AKOS015902296, Tox21_112080_1, DB13966, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000207, NCGC00164071-02, NCGC00164071-03, NCGC00256937-01, NCGC00259614-01, LS-14615, DB-040910, HY-124190,CS-0085813, M0481, NS00006471, Isopropyl Myristate Solution. 500mL, Sterile, D02296, F71211, EN300-25299830, Q416222, SR-01000944751, Isopropyl myristate, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Q-201418 SR-01000944751-1, Isopropyl myristate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, TETRADECANOIC ACID,ISOPROPYL ESTER (MYRISTATE,ISOPROPYL ESTER), Isopropyl myristate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, InChI 1/C17H34O2/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-17(18)19-16(2)3/h16H,4-15H2,1-3H.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a product of esterification of myristic acid derived from re-steamed coconut coil with isopropyl alcohol.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate was then recovered, washed with ice water, and neutralized with Na2CO3 aqueous solution (10%).
The refractive index nD20 is 1.435~1.438, and the relative density (20°C) is 0.85~0.86.

Under normal pressure, IPM-Isopropyl myristate and water were distilled.
While under reduced pressure, IPM-Isopropyl myristate was distilled (185°C/1.0kPa~195°C/2.7kPa).
IPM-Isopropyl myristate was added into the reaction vessel and then sulfuric acid as catalyst, with 5% of the total amount, was added.

During mixing, 228 kg myristic acid was added slowly.
The mixture was heated to reflux and water was continuously separated.
Until no water was separated, the reaction temperature was reduced and probe was obtained to measure the acid value.

When the acid value reached 1.5 mg KOH/g, the reaction was completed.
Alkali was then added for neutralization.
After the removal of water under reduced pressure, the pressure was further reduced for dealcoholization until the acid value was 0.05~1.0 mg KOH/g.

The final product is then IPM-Isopropyl myristate.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is odorless when pure.
May be synthesized by conventional esterification of isopropanol with myristic acid.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a clear, colorless, practically odorless liquid of low viscosity that congeals at about 5°C.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate consists of esters of propan-2-ol and saturated high molecular weight fatty acids, principally myristic acid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an ester of isopropyl alcohol myristic acid. It is mainly used as a solubilizer, emulsifier and emollient in cosmetic and topical medicines.

It also finds applications as a flavoring agent in the food industry.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a nongreasy emollient that is absorbed readily by the skin.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a component of semisolid bases and as a solvent for many substances applied topically.
Applications in topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations include bath oils; make-up; hair and nail care products; creams; lotions; lip products; shaving products; skin lubricants; deodorants; otic suspensions; and vaginal creams.
For example, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a self-emulsifying component of a proposed cold cream formula, which is suitable for use as a vehicle for drugs or dermatological actives; it is also used cosmetically in stable mixtures of water and glycerol.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a penetration enhancer for transdermal formulations, and has been used in conjunction with therapeutic ultrasound and iontophoresis.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate has been used in a water-oil gel prolonged-release emulsion and in various microemulsions.
Such microemulsions may increase bioavailability in topical and transdermal applications.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate has also been used in microspheres, and significantly increased the release of drug from etoposide-loaded microspheres.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in soft adhesives for pressuresensitive adhesive tapes.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an emollient, it helps to strengthen the skin barrier, ensuring that moisture stays locked in.

As an emollient, it also helps soften and smooth dry skin, which is why this is a great ingredient for those with dry or flaky skin.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate, also commonly known as IPM is a clear, light yellow liquid which oily in appearance and virtually odourless.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is soluble in most solvents but considered insoluble in water.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is manufactured by the esterification of isopropyl alcohol with myristic acid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a compound composed of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid, a common, naturally occurring fatty acid.
It is used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical preparations where skin absorption is desired.

Additionally, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a treatment for head lice, in tick and flea products for pets, as a solvent in perfumes, and in cosmetics and topical medicines where good absorption through the skin is desired.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate should be used with caution as combining it with some toxic materials will cause the skin to absorb them more easily.
It is also known for its ability to enhance the penetration of other ingredients in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.

Furthermore, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a solvent in perfume materials and in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.
It is important to note that IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a polar emollient and is used in cosmetic and topical pharmaceutical preparations where skin absorption is desired.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in pharmaceutical preparations because it improves solubility and increases absorption through the skin.

External uses include a non-irritating iodine preparation for disinfecting the skin and aerosol bactericidal preparations for feminine hygiene use without irritation of the skin and mucous membranes.
Preparations for internal use include oral steroid formulations and anaesthetic injection solutions.
Veterinary medications containing IPM-Isopropyl myristate include oral or parenteral compositions for lungworm infections and a spray formulation for bovine udders to treat mastitis, combat infection and improve the general skin condition.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate has been found to be an effective repository vehicle for im injection of penicillin in rabbits and for sc administration of oestrogens in ovariectomized rats.
In assays on human forearms, vasoconstrictor activity of ointment preparations containing 0025% betamethasone 17-benzoate in white soft paraffin was increased by the presence of IPM-Isopropyl myristate.
Donovan, noted that the good solvent properties of IPM-Isopropyl myristate might increase the therapeutic activity of formulations by the apparent alteration in particle size of the active ingredients, so that further evaluation and clinical study would be necessary before its use in extemporaneous compounding could be recommended.

Studies in which the antifungal activity of paraben esters solubilized by surfactants was decreased by IPM-Isopropyl myristate indicate that the effectiveness of medicinal substances may be influenced by the presence of surfactants and oily ingredients such as isopropyl myristate.
A clear, colorless oil-like liquid that makes the skin feel smooth and nice (aka emollient) and it does so without it being greasy.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate can even reduce the heavy, greasy feel in products with high oil content.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate's also fast-spreading meaning that it gives the formula a good, nice slip.
It absorbs quickly into the skin and helps other ingredients to penetrate quicker and deeper.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a polar emoliant and is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption into the skin is desired.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is being studied as a skin enhancer.
It is also used as a pesticide against head lice which works by dissolving the wax that covers the exoskeleton of head lice, killing them by dehydration.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in the same way in flea and tick killing products for pets.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used to remove bacteria from the oral cavity as the non-aqueous component of the two-phase mouthwash product "Dentyl pH".
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is is also used as a solvent in perfume materials and in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.
Hydrolisis of the ester from IPM-Isopropyl myristate is can liberate the acid and the alcohol.

The acid could be responsible for the decreasing of the pH value of formulations.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used to change the physicochemical characteristics of microsheres such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a oil phase component in the formulaton of microemulsion systems.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.
It mainly works as an emollient in cosmetics and personal care products.
It has an oily base with low viscosity and adapts well to the skin.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics.
It can also help to enhance the absorption of ingredients in a cosmetic formula.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate works as an emollient, thickener, and a lubricant in beauty products.

It locks in the hydration, and enhances the penetration of other ingredients in the formulation.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an effective agent for solubilizing lanolin.
Therefore, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a solubilizing, spreading, and penetrating agent in anhydrous skin lubricating lotions with high lanolin content.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate leaves the skin soft and smooth without an oily surface film.
It can even reduce the heavy, greasy feel in products with high oil content.
It's also fast-spreading meaning that it gives the formula a good, nice slip.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate works as a hydrating agent, emollient, and enhancer.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate hydrates the hair and the scalp and enhances the penetration of other ingredients in the formulation.
It is not recommended for particularly thin hair, as it can make it appear greasy, or an oily scalp or hair, as it can lead to clogged pores

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is commercially produced by distillation, before which the esterification of myristic acid and isopropanol is carried out, and the resulting alkali is refined to neutralize the catalyst, and the product is then distilled to obtain isopropyl myristate.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a synthetic oil composed of isopropyl alcohol, a propane derivative, and myristic acid, a naturally occurring fatty acid.
It's a common cosmetic component in a wide range of beauty products, including aftershaves, antiperspirants, and anti-ageing lotions.

The use of IPM-Isopropyl myristate in skincare products has the advantage of assisting in the dissolution of other skincare components, enabling them to be dispersed uniformly throughout the formulation.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is especially beneficial for dry and flaky skin as it acts as a brilliant emollient and helps in softening and smoothing skin.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate also eliminates germs, which is one of its key advantages.

As a result, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is frequently used in hand sanitizers.
This, together with the fact that IPM-Isopropyl myristate evaporates quickly, makes it an excellent component in both skincare and hand sanitizer products.
It works as an emollient for your DIY formulation, which increases the product’s spreadability and improves texture.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a widely used ingredient in various industries due to its unique properties.
It is a synthetic compound formed by the esterification of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is known for its excellent solvency, low viscosity, and non-greasy feel, which makes it suitable for many applications.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a popular ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products due to its ability to act as an emollient, providing a smooth and silky texture.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is commonly found in lotions, creams, sunscreens, hair conditioners, and makeup products.
In the pharmaceutical industry, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a carrier and penetration enhancer for topical drug delivery.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate helps active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) penetrate the skin more effectively, enhancing the drug's therapeutic effects.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is sometimes used in insect repellents to improve the spreadability and effectiveness of the active ingredients.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate helps disperse the repellent agents evenly on the skin, making them more efficient at repelling insects.

Due to its low viscosity and non-greasy properties, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a lubricant in various mechanical and industrial applications.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in adhesive formulations to improve the adhesive properties and reduce tackiness.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate can be found in paint and coating formulations to improve their spreadability and reduce drying time.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in some cleaning products due to its ability to dissolve oils and greases effectively.
In the food industry, IPM can be used as a flavor carrier and dispersing agent for various food additives.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in some pesticide formulations as a solvent and dispersing agent for active ingredients.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a fast spreading emollient suitable for all cosmetic applications.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an emollient ester of low viscosity; light weight oil.
A non-greasy emollient, it is readily adsorbed by the skin.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in formulations to help reduce the greasiness of whipped butters and emulsions
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is known for promoting the absorption of medicines and other products through the skin.
It is commonly found in creams, lotions and topical medicines.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also used as a thickener, emollient and humectant, solvent, binder and diluent in perfumes and food flavorings.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate plays a key role in the dissolution of lanolin.
Mixtures containing up to 50 % lanolin in IPM-Isopropyl myristate remain stable non-viscous liquids at room temperature.

The oil is therefore used as a solvent and penetrant in anhydrous skin lotions with high lanolin content.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a solvent for varnishes and paints, since the formulations used in the manufacture of paints and varnishes consist of many different organic substances.
In cosmetics, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is derived from isopropanol and myristic acid (a fatty acid naturally present in coconut and palm oils).

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a very mild emollient that can be used as a carrier oil in a variety of applications.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is included in formulations to dramatically reduce the sensation of greasiness and/or heaviness; it is excellent in formulations with a high content of butters known for their heavier skin feel (e.g. shea).
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also an excellent mild skin softener and can be included in recipes as an alternative to liquid carrier oil for lighter and faster absorption.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate can also be used to thicken cosmetic preparations.
In higher concentrations it can also be used in products such as make-up removers.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is commonly found in products such as: creams, lotions, hand creams, shampoos, shower gels, make-up removers, powders and make-up foundations.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an ester of isopropyl alcohol (aka rubbing alcohol) and myristic acid (a fatty acid that naturally occurs in coconut and palm oils).
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a very lightweight emollient and can be used like a carrier oil in many applications.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics.

There is also research showing it can help enhance the absorption of ingredients in a cosmetic formula.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is often called out as being a particularly bad pore-clogging ingredient; however, this assessment comes from dated research that doesn’t apply to how this ingredient is used in today’s cosmetics.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a fatty acid that occurs naturally in some foods.

Purified IPM-Isopropyl myristate occurs as a hard, white or faintly yellow, glossy crystalline solid, or as a white or yellow-white powder.
Salts ofIPM-Isopropyl myristate may also be used in cosmetics and personal care products.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate and its salts and esters may be used in eye makeup, soaps and detergents, hair care products, nail care products, shaving products and other skin care products.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate by MakingCosmetics is an oil-free emollient fluid.
It is an ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid (vegetable-derived).
IPM-Isopropyl myristate tolerates wide pH range and is compatible with most surfactants.

It shows high spreadability due to its low density and viscosity.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is suitable for non-greasy bath, body and baby oils.
It also acts as a lubricant and compression aid for pressed powders.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is light & non-tacky ingredient for creams and lotions.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is readily absorbed by the skin and is resistant to oxidation (does not become rancid).
IPM-Isopropyl myristate gently lifts makeup and surface dirt at high concentrations.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate offers gloss and shine to hair.
It is widely used as a diluent for fragrance oils.

Recommended for hand creams, shampoos, shower gels, makeup removers and foundations.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is GMO- & preservative-free and vegan certified.

Melting point: ~3 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 193 °C/20 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 0.85 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.434(lit.)
FEMA: 3556 | ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: <0.05mg/l
form: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.855 (20/4℃)
color: Clear
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: Miscible with alcohol. Immiscible with water and glycerol.
Merck: 14,5215
JECFA Number: 311
BRN: 1781127
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: AXISYYRBXTVTFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 7.71

IPM-Isopropyl myristate acts as a solvent for various substances, facilitating the dissolution and dispersion of ingredients in cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is commonly used to dissolve fragrance oils and other lipophilic compounds.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate has a relatively long shelf life and is stable under normal storage conditions.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is generally considered safe for topical use in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
However, as with any ingredient, individuals with specific sensitivities or allergies should exercise caution and perform a patch test before using products containing Isopropyl Myristate.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate has a thin, oily consistency and can be clearly mixed with vegetable oils and paraffins.
It reduces the viscosity of vegetable oils, increases the ability to penetrate the skin and enhances the sliding capacity without leaving a sticky feeling.
Due to its stability the ester is used for partial or full replacement of vegetable oils in cosmetic preparations.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a polar emollient and is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption into the skin is desired.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a vegetable-based emulsifying agent.

It is a colorless and odorless oily liquid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate allows for greater fragrance diffusion in your candle or reed diffuser.
It also helps to achieve a nice wax adhesion to the glass and create scented liquid blends.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate may be prepared either by the esterification of myristic acid with propan-2-ol or by the reaction of myristoyl chloride and propan-2-ol with the aid of a suitable dehydrochlorinating agent.
A high-purity material is also commercially available, produced by enzymatic esterification at low temperature.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an ester of isopropanol and myristic acid.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also referred to as tetradecanoic acid.
A colorless liquid with a faint odor, it is used in many applications, including pharma, food and personal care product manufacturing.
Acme-Hardesty IPM-Isopropyl myristate is manufactured from vegetable oil sources to a minimum 98-percent purity.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate can be used in some of the most demanding industrial applications and has been manufactured to the highest standards of eco-friendly management.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is resistant to oxidation and hydrolysis, and does not become rancid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place and protected from light.

Higher molecular weight aliphatic esters are thought to be readily hydrolysed to the corresponding alcohols and acids which are then metabolized; isopropyl myristate is undoubtedly hydrolysed to normal metabolic products.
When isopropyl myristate comes into contact with rubber, there is a drop in viscosity with concomitant swelling and partial dissolution of the rubber; contact with plastics, e.g. nylon and polyethylene, results in swelling.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is incompatible with hard paraffin, producing a granular mixture.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
It works by attracting moisture from the air and fixing it in the deep layers of skin and scalp.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate works by creating a preventive barrier that locks moisture into the skin and increases the moisture retention capacity.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is recommended that it should be used at a concentration of 1 to 20%.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is soluble in most solvents but is insoluble in water.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is so good at reducing the greasy feel of other ingredients that it is possible to make products that are primarily shea butter that don’t feel greasy.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a polar emollient and is used in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations where good absorption into the skin is desired.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an emollient ester of low viscosity; the product of the reaction of isopropanol with myristic acid (vegetable source).

A non-greasy emollient, it is readily adsorbed by the skin.
Miscible with most oils, it imparts a dry, velvety emollience to products.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used to reduce the greasiness of lotion bars, whipped butters and emulsions.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is resistant to oxidation and will not become rancid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also an effective diluent for fragrance oils.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid (vegetable-derived).

Low viscosity fluid non-greasy emollient, tolerates wide pH range, compatible with most surfactants.
Thanks to its low viscosity and density, it has a high spreadability.
Superior emollient for non-greasy bath, body and baby oils.

Lubricant and compression aid for pressed powders.
Readily adsorbed by the skin.
When used at high concentrations IPM-Isopropyl myristate gently lifts makeup and surface dirt.

Gives gloss and shine to hair.
Resistant to oxidation (does not become rancid).
Widely used as diluent for fragrance oils.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a moisturizer with polar characteristics used in cosmetics and topical medical preparations to ameliorate the skin absorption.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate has been largely studied and impulsed as a skin penetration enhancer.
At the moment the primary usage for which IPM-Isopropyl myristate is formally indicated is as the active ingredient in a non-prescription pediculicide rinse 3,8,9.

Ester of IPM-Isopropyl myristate and myristic acid (vegetable-derived).
Low viscosity fluid non-greasy emollient, tolerates wide pH range, compatible with most surfactants.
Thanks to its low viscosity and density, IPM-Isopropyl myristate has a high spreadability.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a texture enhancer and emollient as used in cosmetics.
There is also research showing it can help enhance the absorption of ingredients in a cosmetic formula.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is often called out as being a particularly bad pore-clogging ingredient; however, this assessment comes from dated research that doesn’t apply to how this ingredient is used in today’s cosmetics.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is widely utilized in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to its versatile properties.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate functions as an emollient, which helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in various skincare products such as lotions, creams, and ointments.
Additionally, its ability to enhance the skin's absorption of other substances makes it valuable in topical formulations where effective delivery of active ingredients is desired.

In the realm of perfumery, IPM-Isopropyl myristate serves as a solvent for perfume materials, aiding in the dispersion and application of fragrance compounds.
Its solvent properties also find applications in the removal of prosthetic make-up and adhesive residues.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate offers several benefits, it's important to note that it can potentially increase the skin's permeability to certain substances, which is a consideration in formulating products that contain this ingredient.

As with any compound, IPM-Isopropyl myristate's essential to follow recommended guidelines and best practices for its safe and effective use.
In the paint industry, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a base and or solvent in the manufacture of writing instruments containing liquid or gel ink.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in topical pharmaceutical preparations where it is desired to be absorbed into the skin.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also used as a treatment for head lice.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a very effective remedy for head lice as a non-systemic agent.
It works by dissolving the wax covering the exoskeleton of the head lice, causing the insects to die due to dehydration (water loss).

One lesser known property of isopropyl myristate is its ability to inhibit the growth of oral bacteria.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used by many manufacturers of oral hygiene products such as mouthwashes.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used to remove bacteria from the oral cavity as a non-aqueous component of two-phase mouthwashes.

In veterinary medicine, IPM-Isopropyl myristate can be found in products for pets that kill fleas and ticks.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate can also be found in ear cleaning products to dissolve wax build-up without drying out the skin of the animal's ear.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a compound derived from isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a treatment for head lice, in tick and flea products for pets, as a solvent in perfumes, and in cosmetics and topical medicines where good absorption through the skin is desired.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate should be used with caution as combining it with some toxic materials will cause the skin to absorb them more easily.
Ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid (vegetable-derived).

Low viscosity fluid non-greasy emollient, tolerates wide pH range, compatible with most surfactants.
Thanks to its low viscosity and density, it has a high spreadability.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is included in formulas to dramatically reduce the greasy/oily feel; it’s brilliant in recipes with large amounts of butters that are famous for a heavier skin feel.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also a great lightweight emollient; can include it in recipes as an alternative to a liquid carrier oil to make for a lighter, faster-absorbing product.
At higher concentrations IPM-Isopropyl myristate can also be used in products like makeup removers.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate has the chemical formula C17H34O2.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an ester, specifically the ester of isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a mild odor.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate has a low viscosity, which allows for easy spreading on the skin.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate functions as an emollient, which means it helps to soften and moisturize the skin.
It forms a thin, protective film on the skin's surface, reducing water loss and improving the skin's overall hydration.
One of the key properties of IPM-Isopropyl myristate is its ability to enhance the penetration of other substances into the skin.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate helps active ingredients in skincare products to be absorbed more effectively, allowing them to exert their desired effects.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is considered non-comedogenic, meaning it does not clog pores.
This makes it suitable for use in formulations for acne-prone or sensitive skin.

Uses:
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a fatty acid ester which is used as solvent in water-in-oil emulsion, oils and fatty based ointments.
The use of IPM is recommended in the Sterility Test chapter of the European, Japanese and United States Pharmacopoeia (EP, 2.6.13, JP, 4.06 and USP, 71) as diluent for oils and oily solutions, as well as for ointments and creams.
Indeed, its solvent properties improve the filterability of these samples.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is known as a penetration enhancer for topical preparations.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a waterclear, low viscous oily liquid with a very good spreading capacity on the skin.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is mainly used in cosmetics as an oilcomponent for emulsions, bath oils and as a solvent for active substances.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is often included in sunscreen formulations due to its emollient properties.
It helps to improve the spreadability and texture of sunscreens, making them easier to apply.
Additionally, IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in sunless tanning products to aid in the even distribution of the tanning agent on the skin.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate can be found in hair care products such as conditioners, leave-in treatments, and styling products.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate helps to enhance the softness and manageability of the hair, making it easier to comb and style.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is commonly used in massage oils and lotions.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate provides a smooth and gliding texture, allowing for a pleasant massage experience.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is sometimes included in antiperspirants and deodorants to improve the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients.
It helps the product to glide onto the skin smoothly.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate can be found in various bath and body products like shower gels, body washes, and bath oils.
It contributes to the moisturizing and softening effects of these products.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also used in certain industrial applications.

It can be found in lubricants, cutting fluids, and as a solvent in the formulation of industrial products.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is an emollient, moisturizer, binder, and skin softener that also assists in product penetration.
An ester of myristic acid, it is naturally occurring in coconut oil and nutmeg.

Although IPM-Isopropyl myristate is generally considered comedogenic, some ingredient manufacturers clearly specify non-comedogenicity on their data sheets.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used to change the physicochemical characteristics of microsheres such as poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a oil phase component in the formulaton of microemulsion systems.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a polar emollient and is used in cosmetic and topical pharmaceutical preparations where skin absorption is desired.
It is also used as a treatment for head lice.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also in flea and tick killing products for pets.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used to remove bacteria from the oral cavity as the non-aqueous component of the two-phase mouthwash product "Dentyl pH".
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also used as a solvent in perfume materials, and in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.
Hydrolysis of the ester from IPM-Isopropyl myristate can liberate the acid and the alcohol.

The acid is theorized to be responsible for decreasing of the pH value of formulations.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in personal care products to enhance their moisturising and skin conditioning properties.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate, is a widely used chemical compound in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is composed of approximately 98% pure Isopropyl Myristate and 2% other components, typically to enhance stability or for specific formulations.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a medication used for the treatment of head lice infestation in adults and children 4 years and older.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a topical solution that is applied to the scalp and hair and rinsed off.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is also commonly used as an ingredient in bath oils, perfumes, creams, lotions, lipsticks, hair preparations, shaving lotions, aerosol toiletries, and pharmaceutical ointments.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is a synthetic oil used as an emollient, thickening agent, or lubricant in beauty products such as aftershaves, shampoos, bath oils, antiperspirants, deodorants, oral hygiene products, and various creams and lotions.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used to treat head lice infestation.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in cosmetics and personal care products as an emollient and moisturizer.
It helps to soften and smooth the skin, making it a popular ingredient in lotions, creams, and moisturizers.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in topical pharmaceutical formulations where good absorption through the skin is desired.

It enhances the penetration of active ingredients, allowing them to be absorbed more effectively.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used as a treatment for head lice.
It helps to suffocate and kill lice by disrupting their respiratory system.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in tick and flea products for pets.
It helps to repel and kill ticks and fleas.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate acts as a solvent in perfume materials, aiding in the dispersion and application of fragrance compounds.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in the removal process of prosthetic make-up.
It helps to dissolve and remove the make-up effectively.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is sometimes used in insect repellent formulations.

It helps to improve the spreadability of the repellent on the skin, making it easier to apply and ensuring more even coverage.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate can be found in nail care products such as cuticle oils and nail treatments.
It helps to moisturize and soften the cuticles, promoting healthier nails.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in shaving creams, gels, and lotions.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate helps to provide a smooth and comfortable shaving experience by improving the glide of the razor and reducing friction on the skin.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is included in lip balms, lipsticks, and lip glosses.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate helps to moisturize and soften the lips, making them feel smooth and supple.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate can be found in cleansing oils and makeup removers.
It helps to dissolve and remove makeup, dirt, and impurities from the skin.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in barrier creams and ointments.
It helps to create a protective barrier on the skin, shielding it from external irritants and moisture loss.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is sometimes included in after-sun products to help soothe and moisturize sunburned skin.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is used in some personal lubricants to enhance lubrication and reduce friction during intimate activities.

Safety Profile:
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is widely used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical formulations, and is generally regarded as a nontoxic and nonirritant material.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is determined safe for use in cosmetics according to the Cosmetics Ingredient Review (CIR) panel.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate has the potential to cause skin sensitization in some individuals.
This means that it may cause an allergic reaction or irritation on the skin, especially in those with sensitive skin or pre-existing skin conditions.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is recommended to perform a patch test before using products containing Isopropyl Myristate.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate has a comedogenic rating, which means it has the potential to clog pores and contribute to the development of acne or breakouts, particularly in individuals with oily or acne-prone skin.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is advisable to avoid using products containing Isopropyl Myristate if have acne-prone skin.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate may cause eye irritation if it comes into direct contact with the eyes.

IPM-Isopropyl myristate is important to avoid getting products containing Isopropyl Myristate in the eyes and to rinse thoroughly with water if accidental contact occurs.
IPM-Isopropyl myristate is not considered environmentally hazardous.
However, it is always recommended to follow proper disposal practices and to avoid releasing large quantities of the substance into the environment.

SYNONYMS Avapro;2-Butyl-3-[[ 29-( 1H-tetrazol-5-yl) [1, 19-biphenyl]-4-yl] methyl]1,3- diazaspiro[4,4] non-1-en-4-one; 2-Butyl-3-(p-(o-1H-tetrazol-5-ylphenyl)benzyl)-1,3-diazaspiro(4.4)non-1-en-4-one; cas no:138402-11-6

ferricchloride iron (III) chloride iron trichloride iron(3+) trichloride iron(III) chloride trichloroiron CAS Number:7705-08-0

FERRIC SULFATE Iron(III) sulfate Iron persulfate Iron tersulfate Diiron tris(sulphate) Diiron trisulfate Ferric persulfate Ferric tersulfate Iron sesquisulfate Ferric sesquisulfate Iron(3+) sulfate Sulfuric acid, iron(3+) salt (3:2) Coquimbite mineral Iron sulfate (2:3) Iron sulfate (Fe2(SO4)3) Iron(3+) sulfate, (2:3) Ferricsulfate Sulfuric acid, iron(3+) salt Iron-S-hydrate iron(III)sulphate Ferric sulfate (USP) Sulfuric acid,iron salt iron(III) sulfate(VI) CAS: 10028-22-5

IRON SULPHATE; Green Vitriol; Copperas; Melanterite; Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate; Sulfuric acid, iron(2+) salt, heptahydrate; Ferrosulfat (German); cas no: 7782-63-0

DESCRIPTION:
The black iron used in ceramics is generally this synthetic form (the natural equivalent mineral magnetite contains 5-15% impurities).
Synthetic black iron is much more expensive than the natural finely ground material (-200 mesh).
However, if there are good reasons for its use and percentages in the product recipe are low enough the cost may be justified.

CAS: 12227-89-3
European Community (EC) Number: 235-442-5
Molecular Formula: Fe3O4
IUPAC Name: oxoiron;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Molecular Weight: 231.53
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 231.784465
Monoisotopic Mass: 231.784465
Topological Polar Surface Area: 60.4 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 36.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Pigment Type: Oxides are man-made pigments from natural elements.
They are strong in tinting strength and more opaque than other colors so can often be used at a lower ratio than natural pigments.
These colors are an excellent choice for cement and stucco, but are not limited to that use.
Composition: Iron Oxide, PB11 (77499)
Chemical Formula: Fe304
Lightfastness: Excellent
Particle size 50 microns (325 Mesh)
Heat Stability: Color Stable to 300° F
Packaging: 100g: 4 oz recyclable plastic jar
500g and above: double plastic bag
Quantities over 1 kilo will be bulk packed
Notes: Use care when handling any dry pigment.
Avoid inhaling pigment dust.
Density: 5.15
Hardness (Mohs): 5.5–6.0
Refractive Index: n=2.42
Boiling Point: 2623°C
Melting Point: 1597°C
Solubility:
Insoluble in water, alcohol
Soluble in concentrated acid, hot acid

In ceramics, black iron is used as a source of Fe (in preference to red iron) where its black raw color and its better distribution properties are needed.
For example, Alberta Slip is a recipe of raw clays and minerals intended to duplicate Albany Slip.
The recipe calls for a small amount of iron oxide because the clay blend does not fire to quite as dark of a color.
Since the original Albany Slip powder was a dark grey, black iron (rather than red) is employed in the Alberta Slip recipe to match this color better and provide the needed iron to the fired product.

The chemistry shown here is not the actual, synthetic black iron is almost pure Fe3O4.
This chemistry is intended to work with INSIGHT where it is normal to define only FeO and Fe2O3.

Synthetic black iron is fluffier and lighter than synthetic red iron oxide (a bag of black iron is much larger than a bag of red).
It is a very fine powder, 100% will easily wash through a 325 mesh screen.
Synthetic black iron does not agglomerate as badly as red iron, thus it disperses in glaze slurries better (thus avoiding fired speckle).
You can determine which form you have by washing a sample through a 325 mesh screen, if there is residue it is natural magnetite.

The exceedingly fine particle size of iron oxides makes them very messy to work with, they stain the skin in a manner that only soap can remove even though they do not dissolve in water.
High purity, low heavy metal content grades of black iron are available.
All forms should have 90% or more Fe3O4.
Black iron is also used as a colorant for a wide range of non-ceramic products.

Most synthetic magnetites are made by some type of chemical precipitation (0.2-1 micron particle size).
However, a high-temperature drying process can be used to convert synthetic hematite into synthetic magnetite (thus the greater cost).
The resultant product of this process has a slightly larger particle size (2-10 microns).
100% pure material would contain 72.3% Fe.

Black iron oxide is used as a source of Fe in ceramic applications, particularly in glazing where price and its black raw color are important.
Iron oxide provide the color in glaze after being fired at high temperatures.
High purity, low heavy metal content grades are available.
Magnetite 99% Fe3O4 (Black Iron Oxide)

Black iron powder is also used as a colorant for a wide range of non-ceramic products.
Some iron oxide pigments are widely used in the cosmetic field.
They are considered to be nontoxic, moisture resistant, and nonbleeding.
Iron oxides graded safe for cosmetic use are produced synthetically in order to avoid the inclusion of impurities normally found in naturally occurring iron oxides.

Black iron oxide or magnetite is also used for corrosion resistance purposes.
Black iron oxide is also used in anti-corrosion paints (used in many bridges, and Eiffel tower).
Iron oxides are used as contrast agent in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, to shorten proton relaxation times, (T1, T2 and T2).

The super paramagnetic contrast agents are composed of a water insoluble crystalline magnetic core, usually magnetite (Fe3O4).
The mean core diameter ranges from 4 to 10 nm.
This crystalline core is often surrounded by a layer of dextrin or starch derivatives.
The total size of the particle is expressed as the mean hydrated particle diameter.

ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Black oxide is a recent development in modern pigments and was unknown in artists' palettes before the nineteenth century.

SOURCE OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
The source of black oxide usually is from an iron ore called magnetite.
Magnetite, also known as lodestone, is a ferrous ferric oxide (ferrosic oxide) that is a heavy, black color and opaque.
Theoretically, black iron oxide contains slightly more iron metal than red oxide but not nearly as much as yellow oxide.
The native mineral may contain varying amounts of manganese, sulfur, clay and silica.

PERMANENCE AND COMPATIBILITY:
Black oxide is absolutely permanent colors for all uses on the artist's palette.
It is compatible with all other pigments, and can be used with good results in all mediums.

OIL ABSORPTION AND GRINDING:
Black oxide absorbs a moderately low amount of oil.
The oil absorption ratio is 10–15 parts by weight of linseed oil to 100 parts by weight of pigment.
If the measurement were grams, it would require 100 grams (by weight) of pigment to grind 10 to 15 grams (by weight) of linseed oil to form a stiff paste.
It makes an average drying oil paint, and forms a hard, fairly flexible film.

Iron Oxide Black, also known as Ferrous-Ferric Oxide, is a dark pigment derived from minerals.
Iron Oxide Black is found in nature in the mineral magnetite.
‘CI’ stands for Colour Index and is used under the INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients) system to identify different colourants and pigments used in cosmetics and personal care products.

This ingredient is in a group of colourants known as Iron Oxides, which are compounds of iron and oxygen.
Iron oxides include CI 77491 (red), CI 77492 (yellow) and CI 77499 (black) as the base colours, which are produced through different applications of heat in processes known as thermal decomposition, precipitation and calcination.
Although these iron oxides can be found in nature, they can contain impurities such as manganese or other organic material, which is why the synthetically-produced versions are considered safer for use in personal care products.
These compounds have a long history of use as colourants in cosmetics, and are considered safe for use by the FDA.

Black iron oxide is a fine powdered pigment.
Iron oxides are graded safe for cosmetic use and are produced synthetically in order to avoid the inclusion of impurities normally found in naturally occurring iron oxides including ferrous or ferric oxides, arsenic, lead and other poisonous substances.

APPLICATIONS OF BLACK IRON OXIDE:
Plastics: Low temperature processing polymers and non-oxidizing process conditions
Coatings: Liquid architectural and industrial coatings
Industrial: Cement and concrete
Iron oxide black is highly resistant to fading, to weather conditions and to alkaline substances.
Iron oxide black possesses good dyeing properties and fine hiding powers.
Iron oxide black Can be mixed with all pigments and can be used in combination with oil paint, glue paint, casein paint, lime paint and silicate paint.

CI 77499 is a black iron oxide containing iron and oxygen and is used in cosmetics as a coloring agent.
Iron oxide black is naturally available from the mineral magnetite however, for use in cosmetics, Iron oxide black is synthetically made to filter out any impurities.
In general, iron oxides are long-lasting, once they are applied, they usually don’t need to be reapplied.

CI 77499 is used as a colorant in various cosmetics such as eye shadows, blushes, lipsticks, mineral makeup, etc.
Iron oxide black is one of the main pigment for matching skin tones in foundations, concealers, and other face makeup.
Iron oxide black provides excellent dispersing properties to the final product and their intense color adds a unique shade to the product.


USAGE AND PROPORTION(%) OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Lipsticks / Lip Gloss: 5-10
Eyeshadows: 10-40
Blusher, CC cream, Foundation: 2-10
Blusher Rouge: 2-10
Makeup Powders: 5-10
Eyebrow Pencils, Eyeshadow Pen: 2-15
Vanishing Cream, Face Cold Cream: 2-5
Nail Polish, Nail UV/LED Polish Gel: 2-20
Hair Spray, Shampoo, Perfume: 0.1-10
Body Lotions & Body Creams: 1-5
Cold Process Soap: 1-5

BENEFITS OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Iron oxide black has High-quality extra fine color dispersion providing superior color purity and saturation.
Iron oxide black Can be easily incorporated into various color cosmetics.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IRON OXIDE BLACK:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



SYNONYMS OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Depositor-Supplied Synonyms:

Iron Oxide Black
Iron(II,III)oxide
12227-89-3
oxoiron;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron
120899-48-1
Fe3O4
Iron(II,III) oxide, CP
oxo[(oxoferrio)oxy]iron; oxoiron
EINECS 235-442-5
Iron(II,III) oxide, powder, EN300-178368
Iron(II,III) oxide, 99.99% trace metals basis
Q411235
Iron(II,III) oxide, nanopowder, 50-100 nm particle size (SEM), 97% trace metals basis

DESCRIPTION:
Iron(II,III) oxide, or black iron oxide, is the chemical compound with formula Fe3O4.
Iron oxide black occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite.
Iron oxide black is one of a number of iron oxides, the others being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare, and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) which also occurs naturally as the mineral hematite.


CAS Number: 1317-61-9
European Community (EC) Number: 235-442-5
IUPAC Name: oxoiron;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron
Molecular Formula: Fe3O4


Iron oxide black contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions and is sometimes formulated as FeO ∙ Fe2O3.
This iron oxide is encountered in the laboratory as a black powder.
Iron oxide black exhibits permanent magnetism and is ferrimagnetic, but is sometimes incorrectly described as ferromagnetic.

Its most extensive use is as a black pigment (see: Mars Black).
For this purpose, Iron oxide black is synthesized rather than being extracted from the naturally occurring mineral as the particle size and shape can be varied by the method of production.

Iron oxide black containing iron and oxygen and is used in cosmetics as a coloring agent.
Iron oxide black is naturally available from the mineral magnetite however, for use in cosmetics, Iron oxide black is synthetically made to filter out any impurities.
In general, iron oxides are long-lasting, once they are applied, they usually don’t need to be reapplied.

Iron Oxide Black is an inorganic, high-purity pigment.
Particle size range of Iron Oxide Black is 0.3-5.0 micrometer.
Mean particle size of Iron Oxide Black is 2.27 micrometer.

Iron Oxide Black Provides superior color purity & saturation.
Iron Oxide Black has Outstanding dispersibility, no aggregate formation.










PREPARATION OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Heated iron metal interacts with steam to form iron oxide and hydrogen gas.
3Fe+4H2O⟶Fe3O4+4H2
Under anaerobic conditions, ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)2) can be oxidized by water to form magnetite and molecular hydrogen.
This process is described by the Schikorr reaction:
3Fe(OH)2ferrous hydroxide⟶Fe3O4magnetite+H2hydrogen+2H2Owater
This works because crystalline magnetite (Fe3O4) is thermodynamically more stable than amorphous ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)2 ).

The Massart method of preparation of magnetite as a ferrofluid, is convenient in the laboratory: mix iron(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
A more efficient method of preparing magnetite without troublesome residues of sodium, is to use ammonia to promote chemical co-precipitation from the iron chlorides: first mix solutions of 0.1 M FeCl3•6H2O and FeCl2•4H2O with vigorous stirring at about 2000 rpm.

The molar ratio of the FeCl3:FeCl2 should be about 2:1. Heat the mix to 70 °C, then raise the speed of stirring to about 7500 rpm and quickly add a solution of NH4OH (10 volume %).
A dark precipitate of nanoparticles of magnetite forms immediately.
In both methods, the precipitation reaction relies on rapid transformation of acidic iron ions into the spinel iron oxide structure at pH 10 or higher.

Controlling the formation of magnetite nanoparticles presents challenges: the reactions and phase transformations necessary for the creation of the magnetite spinel structure are complex.
The subject is of practical importance because magnetite particles are of interest in bioscience applications such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which iron oxide magnetite nanoparticles potentially present a non-toxic alternative to the gadolinium-based contrast agents currently in use.
However, difficulties in controlling the formation of the particles, still frustrate the preparation of superparamagnetic magnetite particles, that is to say: magnetite nanoparticles with a coercivity of 0 A/m, meaning that they completely lose their permanent magnetisation in the absence of an external magnetic field.

The smallest values currently reported for nanosized magnetite particles is Hc = 8.5 A m−1, whereas the largest reported magnetization value is 87 Am2 kg−1 for synthetic magnetite.
Pigment quality Fe3O4, so called synthetic magnetite, can be prepared using processes that use industrial wastes, scrap iron or solutions containing iron salts (e.g. those produced as by-products in industrial processes such as the acid vat treatment (pickling) of steel):
Oxidation of Fe metal in the Laux process where nitrobenzene is treated with iron metal using FeCl2 as a catalyst to produce aniline:
C6H5NO2 + 3 Fe + 2 H2O → C6H5NH2 + Fe3O4
Oxidation of FeII compounds, e.g. the precipitation of iron(II) salts as hydroxides followed by oxidation by aeration where careful control of the pH determines the oxide produced.
Reduction of Fe2O3 with hydrogen:
3Fe2O3 + H2 → 2Fe3O4 +H2O
Reduction of Fe2O3 with CO:

3Fe2O3 + CO → 2Fe3O4 + CO2
Production of nano-particles can be performed chemically by taking for example mixtures of FeII and FeIII salts and mixing them with alkali to precipitate colloidal Fe3O4.
The reaction conditions are critical to the process and determine the particle size.

Iron(II) carbonate can also be thermally decomposed into Iron(II,III):
3FeCO3 → Fe3O4 + 2CO2 + CO


REACTIONS OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Reduction of magnetite ore by CO in a blast furnace is used to produce iron as part of steel production process:
Fe3O4+4CO⟶3Fe+4CO2

Controlled oxidation of Fe3O4 is used to produce brown pigment quality γ-Fe2O3 (maghemite):
2Fe3O4⏟magnetite+12O2⟶ 3( −Fe2O3)⏟maghemite
More vigorous calcining (roasting in air) gives red pigment quality α-Fe2O3 (hematite):
2Fe3O4⏟magnetite+12O2⟶ 3( −Fe2O3)⏟hematite

STRUCTURE OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Fe3O4 has a cubic inverse spinel group structure which consists of a cubic close packed array of oxide ions where all of the Fe2+ ions occupy half of the octahedral sites and the Fe3+ are split evenly across the remaining octahedral sites and the tetrahedral sites.

Both FeO and γ-Fe2O3 have a similar cubic close packed array of oxide ions and this accounts for the ready interchangeability between the three compounds on oxidation and reduction as these reactions entail a relatively small change to the overall structure.
Fe3O4 samples can be non-stoichiometric.

The ferrimagnetism of Fe3O4 arises because the electron spins of the FeII and FeIII ions in the octahedral sites are coupled and the spins of the FeIII ions in the tetrahedral sites are coupled but anti-parallel to the former.
The net effect is that the magnetic contributions of both sets are not balanced and there is a permanent magnetism.

In the molten state, experimentally constrained models show that the iron ions are coordinated to 5 oxygen ions on average.
There is a distribution of coordination sites in the liquid state, with the majority of both FeII and FeIII being 5-coordinated to oxygen and minority populations of both 4- and 6-fold coordinated iron.


Fe3O4 is ferrimagnetic with a Curie temperature of 858 K (585 °C).
There is a phase transition at 120 K (−153 °C), called Verwey transition where there is a discontinuity in the structure, conductivity and magnetic properties.
This effect has been extensively investigated and whilst various explanations have been proposed, it does not appear to be fully understood.

While it has much higher electrical resistivity than iron metal (96.1 nΩ m), Fe3O4's electrical resistivity (0.3 mΩ m) is significantly lower than that of Fe2O3 (approx kΩ m).
This is ascribed to electron exchange between the FeII and FeIII centres in Fe3O4

Fe3O4 is used as a black pigment and is known as C.I pigment black 11 (C.I. No.77499) or Mars Black.



Iron oxide black is used as a source of Fe in ceramic applications, particularly in glazing where price and its black raw color are important.
Iron oxide provide the color in glaze after being fired at high temperatures.
High purity, low heavy metal content grades are available.
Our black iron powder products have 98% or more Fe3O4.

Iron oxide black powder is also used as a colorant for a wide range of non-ceramic products.

Some iron oxide pigments are widely used in the cosmetic field.
They are considered to be nontoxic, moisture resistant, and nonbleeding.
Iron oxides graded safe for cosmetic use are produced synthetically in order to avoid the inclusion of impurities normally found in naturally occurring iron oxides.

Iron oxide black or magnetite is also used for corrosion resistance purposes.
Iron oxide black is also used in anti-corrosion paints (used in many bridges, and Eiffel tower).

Iron oxides are used as contrast agent in Magnetic Resonance Imaging, to shorten proton relaxation times, (T1, T2 and T2).
The super paramagnetic contrast agents are composed of a water insoluble crystalline magnetic core, usually magnetite (Fe3O4).

The mean core diameter ranges from 4 to 10 nm.
This crystalline core is often surrounded by a layer of dextrin or starch derivatives.
The total size of the particle is expressed as the mean hydrated particle diameter


USES OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Fe3O4 is used as a catalyst in the Haber process and in the water-gas shift reaction.
The latter uses an HTS (high temperature shift catalyst) of iron oxide stabilised by chromium oxide.
This iron–chrome catalyst is reduced at reactor start up to generate Fe3O4 from α-Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 to CrO3.

Bluing is a passivation process that produces a layer of Fe3O4 on the surface of steel to protect it from rust. Along with sulfur and aluminium, it is an ingredient in steel-cutting thermite.

Medical uses:
Nano particles of Fe3O4 are used as contrast agents in MRI scanning.

Ferumoxytol, sold under the brand names Feraheme and Rienso, is an intravenous Fe3O4 preparation for treatment of anemia resulting from chronic kidney disease.
Ferumoxytol is manufactured and globally distributed by AMAG Pharmaceuticals.

Biological occurrence:
Magnetite has been found as nano-crystals in magnetotactic bacteria (42–45 nm) and in the beak tissue of homing pigeons.


APPLICATIONS OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Iron Oxide Black is widely used in industry as pigments, processing aids, raw material component.
Iron Oxide Black is used in the following products: coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modeling clay, non-metal surface treatment products, metal surface treatment products, inks and toners.
Iron Oxide Black is used in machine washing liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints, coatings, adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners, cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters.

Iron Oxide Black provide cosmetics with a specific colour, and it can range from pink to black.
Iron Oxide Black can be used by itself in bodycare applications or to deepen the tone of other colours in various applications.
Iron Oxide Black can be used for tinting cosmetics such as foundations, blushes, eyeshadows, eye liners as well as to colour soaps.

Iron Oxide Black has been proven to be stable in soaps and will not change shape or colour in cold process or melt and pour soaps.
Here are other black oxide powder uses that you might want to create:
• Concealer
• Exfoliator
• Eyeliner
• Eyeshadow
• Foundation
• Lashes liner
• Loose powder
• Peel-off Mask



HOW TO USE IRON OXIDE BLACK?
For melt and pour soap, the black oxide powder pigment should first ideally be mixed thoroughly with glycerine to get rid of speckling and can then simply be added to the melt and pour soap.
Also, you should shake all products containing this powder properly to ensure the colour is well-mixed.
One of the drawbacks though is that it tends to clump and you will need to be especially careful to de-clump first before adding to your recipe.

To de-clump beforehand, use a hand mixer to pre-mix your pigment in with a deodorised fixed oil, such as sweet almond oil or olive oil, before adding to your soap.
This will help disperse and break up any clumps.
The coloured oil can then be added to the soap batter at trace when making cold process soap.


CHARACTERISTIC OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
• High opacity
• Strong tinting strength
• Easy dispersibility
• Excellent light fastness
• Perfect weather resistance







BENEFITS OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Aside from its colour, black oxide powder provides excellent protection against harmful UV radiation that even conventional sunscreens may not have.
When applied to skincare, they offer a beautiful hue that can make the product more aesthetically attractive and soften the appearance of blemishes on the skin.
Black oxide powder also reduces the white cast that many mineral formulae can leave behind.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Chemical formula Fe3O4 FeO.Fe2O3
Molar mass 231.533 g/mol
Appearance solid black powder
Density 5 g/cm3
Melting point 1,597 °C (2,907 °F; 1,870 K)
Boiling point 2,623 °C (4,753 °F; 2,896 K)
Refractive index (nD) 2.42
Molecular Weight 231.53 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 0
Exact Mass 231.784465 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 231.784465 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 60.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count 7
Formal Charge 0
Complexity 36.2
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 2
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Item Standard
Fe2O3 % 95.0 min.
PH Value 5.0-7.5
Water-Soluble Content % 0.5 max.
Sieve Residue（325mesh） 0.10 max.
Volatile Substance 105℃ 1.0 max.
Oil Absorption mL/100g 25.0
Tint (Compared with standard) ΔE 1.0 max.
Tinting Strength (Compared with standard) 95.00-105.00
Density g/ml 4.5
Particle size:2 micron
Composition: 97% minimum iron oxide
Form: powder
Colour: matte black
Odour: odourless
Solubility: insoluble
Ingredients: black iron oxide
Contents (Fe3O4) % ≥90
Oil absorption ml/100g 15~25
Res. on 325 mesh % ≤0.5
Water soluble salts % ≤0.5
Moisture % ≤1.5
pH value 5~8
Ignition loss(1,000oC,½ h) % ≤5.0
Bulk density g/cm3 0.8~1.2
Specific gravity g/cm3 4.6
Particle size BET µm 0.15 Electron Micrographs
Dispersibility (Hegman) µm 20/30/40
Tinting Strength(Compared with Standard)% 95~105
Color Difference △E(Compared with Standard)≤1.0



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IRON OXIDE BLACK:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



SYNONYMS OF IRON OXIDE BLACK:
Iron Oxide Black
Iron(II,III)oxide
12227-89-3
oxoiron;oxo(oxoferriooxy)iron
EINECS 235-442-5
120899-48-1
Fe3O4
Iron(II,III) oxide, CP
oxo[(oxoferrio)oxy]iron; oxoiron
SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PD061032
Iron(II,III) oxide, powder, EN300-178368
Iron(II,III) oxide, 99.99% trace metals basis
Q411235
Iron(II,III) oxide, nanopowder, 50-100 nm particle size (SEM), 97% trace metals basis

Iron oxide brown is A manufactured pigment
Iron oxide brown has Excellent UV Stability
Iron oxide brown is Suitable for all mediums

CAS Number: 1309-37-1
EINECS NO: 215-168-2
INCI Name: Iron Oxide


Iron oxide brown is Not Cosmetic or Pharmaceutical Grade
Iron oxide brown is Lime and Cement Color Stable
Brown iron oxide is a deep, rich brown powdered pigment.
Iron oxides are graded safe for cosmetic use and are produced synthetically in order to avoid the inclusion of impurities normally found in naturally occurring iron oxides including ferrous or ferric oxides, arsenic, lead and other poisonous substances.

Iron Oxide brown is compliant, high purity, global approved brown mineral pigment.
Main applications are foundation, eye shadow, compact powder, lipstick, mascara, blush, eye liner, nail enamels.
Iron oxides are naturally occurring minerals, all compounds of iron and oxygen, known to be safe, gentle, non-toxic and hypoallergenic and safe to use on sensitive skin.


Iron Oxide brown is inexpensive and durable pigments commonly available in bright earthy tones of red, yellow, brown and black.

Iron Oxide brown is found in almost all mineral makeup, as well as conventional makeup brands.
Iron oxides are moisture resistant, don’t easily bleed or smear and have good staying powder.

With excellent colouring ability they are used in a wide range of cosmetic products such as foundation, eye shadow, blush and lipstick as well as colouring cold process soap and creams.
Their colour is very intense and a little goes a long way.


CHEMICAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON OXIDE BROWN:
Pigment Type: Oxides
Composition: Mixed Iron Oxide, PR101, PY 42 (77491:77492)
Chemical Formula: Fe203+Fe00H
Lightfastness: Excellent
Particle size 50 microns (325 Mesh)
Heat Stability: Color Stable to 330° F
Packaging: 100g: 6 oz recyclable plastic jar
Fe2O3 content: 93-95 %
Absolute density: 4,8 g/ml
Bulk density: 0,8-1,2 g/ml
Sieve residue (0,045 mm sieve): max. 0,6 %
pH: 4-8
Soluble salts: max. 0,8 %
Oil absorbtion: 22-25 g/100g
Heat stability: 80 °C 1 h
Light stability (1-8): 8 (excellent)
Humidity: 1 %
500g and above: double plastic bag
Density: 679 g/l
Chemical Make-up: Synthetic Oxide on a natural base
Chemical Formula: Fe203+Fe00H
Lime Stable? Yes
Suitable for External Use? Yes
UV Rating: Very Good
Colouring Power: Excellent
Particle size: 50 microns (325 Mesh)
Heat Stability: Colour Stable to 165°C / 330° F
Quantities over 1 kilo will be bulk packed
Particle size: 1x0.7 micron
Composition: 97.0% minimum iron oxide
Form: powder
Colour: matte carmine
Odour: odourless
Solubility: insoluble
Ingredients: red iron oxide, yellow iron oxide, black iron oxide
Notes: Use care when handling any dry pigment.
Avoid inhaling pigment dust.
Pigments are not sold for cosmetic, pharmaceutical, tattoo ink or food use.
Synthetic iron oxide, brown, specially suited for colouring of cement, concrete, asphalt, screed, bricks, mortar and plaster, and for the production of abrasives.


CONCRETE PIGMENTATION:
Iron oxides are water-insoluble pigments with a good alkali fastness and excellent light fastness. Considering these characteristics and their low price, they are considered the best pigments for concrete pigmentation.
The quantity of pigment used varies usually from 3 % to 5 % of the weight of the cement since inerts do not take part in the pigmentation.
A maximum limit of 7 % can be reached if a more intense colour is required without affecting the mechanical resistance of the finished product.
In order to obtain the best final colouring it is preferable to mix the components in the following sequence: first of all inerts, then pigments and finally cement and water.

VARIATION OF COLOUR SHADE IN TIME:
When preparing coloured concrete it is extremely important to pay attention to the water/cement ratio of the mixture, ratio that affects the shade of colour.
A brighter coloured finished product is obtained increasing the quantity of water but at the same time the mechanical resistaince and weather fastness is reduced.
However in time the superficial layer of the finished products is subject to wear down which enhances the colour of the inert, consequently there is a change in the shade of colour independently from the pigments used.

EFFLORESCENCE:
It is a physical-chemical phenomenon produced by the calcium hydrate which is in the cement and is water-soluble.
It can occur during the drying process but also later when humidity occurs.
In fact the calcium hydrate tends to migrate towards the surface of the finished product and, reacting with the carbon dioxide in the air, forms white patches of calcium carbonate which are more visible in darker colours.

Iron oxides are insoluble in water and do not affect the above mentioned phenomenon, which can be reduced with the use of specific additives.
The quality of the pigment, the right dosage of the components, the valid production technology and the use of additives are the basis of the best result in time of a coloured concrete finished product.

APPLICATIONS OF IRON OXIDE BROWN:
Iron Oxide Brown is considered a matte pigment.
Iron Oxide Brown is a very versatile and useful Brown pigment.
Iron oxide Brown can be used for so many projects and colors!
Use brown iron oxide alone as a color or blend it in with other colors to make new shades and colors. Perfect for tinting blushes, eye liners, eye shadows, lip colors, foundations, etc.
You can consider these colorants essential in all of you make-up formulations.

Our colorants are amazing alone, or blended in with other pigments and dyes.
Iron oxide pigment provides many cosmetics with a specific colour like brown or yellow.
This pigment can be used by itself in bodycare applications or to deepen the tone of other colours in various applications.
Here are the following applications you can add colour to with this pigment:

• Blushes
• Concealers
• Exfoliators
• Eyeliners
• Eyeshadows
• Foundations
• Lashes liners
• Loose powders
• Peel-off Masks
• Soaps


Typical Cosmetic Applications:
• Hair Spray, Shampoo, Perfume 0.1-10.0%
• Body Lotions & Creams 1.0-5.0%
• Soap 1.0-5.0%
• Vanishing Cream 2.0-5.0%
• Blush & Foundation 2.0-10.0%
• Makeup Powders 5.0-10.0%
• Lipstick & Lip gloss 5.0-10.0%
• Eyeshadow Pencils & Eyeliner Pens 2.0-15.0%
• Nail Polish 2.0-20.0%
• Eyeshadow 10.0-40.0%

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IRON OXIDE BROWN:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

DESCRIPTION:
Iron Oxide Orange is a common iron oxide pigment used in developing building materials, paints, rubber, ink, paper, plastic and others.
Offering excellent light and temperature resistance, Iron Oxide Orange also offers strong color strength and good dispersion.
Iron Oxide Orange has a density of 4.2-4.6 g/cm3 and a moisture content of approximately 1%.

CAS: 51274-00-1, 1309-37-1
EINECS No.: 215-168-2 & 243-746-4
Chemical Formula: Fe2O3 & FeOOH

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON OXIDE ORANGE:
Pigment Type: Oxides
Product Form: Orange Pigment in Powder
Color Index: Pigment Red 101 & Yellow 42 ( 77491 & 77492 )
Composition: Mixed Iron Oxide, PR101, PY 42 (77491:77492)
Chemical Formula: Fe203+Fe00H
Lightfastness: Excellent
Particle size 50 microns (325 Mesh)
Heat Stability: Color Stable to 330° F
Packaging: 100g: 6 oz recyclable plastic jar
500g and above: double plastic bag
Quantities over 1 kilo will be bulk packed
Notes: Use care when handling any dry pigment.
Avoid inhaling pigment dust.
Pigment Name: Orange Iron Oxide – 257
Pigment Type: Manufactured Pigment
Country of Origin: Germany
Colour Index: R101-Y42
Density: 485 g/l
Chemical Make-up: Synthetic Iron Oxide
Chemical Formula: Fe203+Fe00H
Lime Stable? Yes
Suitable for External Use? Yes
UV Rating: Very Good
Colouring Power: Excellent
Particle Size: 50 microns (325 Mesh)
Heat Stability: Colour Stable to 165°C / 330° F
Fe2O3 content: 88-92 %
Absolute density: 4,3 g/ml
Bulk density: 0,4-0,6 g/ml
Sieve residue (0,045 mm sieve): max. 0,2 %
pH: 3,5-7,5
Soluble salts: max. 0,5 %
Oil absorbtion: 46-50 g/100g
Heat stability: 170 °C 1 h
Light stability (1-8): 8 (excellent)
Humidity: 1 %
Contents %: ≥88
Oil absorption ml/100g: 23-35
Res. on 325 mesh %: ≤0.3
Water soluble salts %: ≤0.3
Moisture %: ≤1.0
pH value: 3.5-7
Bulk density g/cm3: 0.4-0.6
Specific gravity g/cm3. 4.5
Particle size BET μm: Irregular
Dispersibility (Hegman) μm.
Tinting Strength(Compared with Standard) %: 95-105
Color Difference △E(Compared with Standard) : ≤1.0

The Main Components:
Iron oxide is inorganic pigment with 8 kind colors,the main component of iron oxide, rich in color, with a good coloring ability.
Stable Chemical Properties:
Iron oxide as an inorganic composite powder, insoluble in water.
Soluble in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, slightly soluble in nitric acid.
Strong coloring power, chemical stability, high temperature resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance, color is not bright enough, but not easy to fade, with durability.

Low Price:
This product is a stable and widely used inorganic red pigment with low price, usually used in building materials such as cement coloring, paving bricks and coatings,with good hiding power.
You can make colored stone, colored tile, colored brick, colored pavers, colored stepping stones, colored cobblestones, colored stone veneer, colored walkways, decorative concrete forms, and more with these colors.

With Dispersion & Coverage:
iron oxide is inorganic pigment, the main component of iron oxide, with better dispersion and coloring power, high coverage, economic price, wide range of applications.
Very Durable under exposure to UV-Sunlight, Resists fading,The Perfect Sample Size Due to the strength of the pigment, usually very little color is necessary to achieve the color desired

Coatings Are Environmentally Friendly:
the product can be widely used as pigment in high-grade automotive coatings, architectural coatings, anti-corrosion coatings, powder coatings, is a better environmental protection coatings, pigments are used in cast-in-place, precast concrete panels, concrete masonry units, countertops, overlays, stucco, plaster, mortar, grout, and nearly every form of decorative concrete. but also can be used for artificial leather, leather wipe light paste coloring agent

Iron oxide orange is a dark earthy orange pigment, suitable for all kinds of media.
Mix with various bases to create artists oils, watercolour paints, acrylics and pastels as well as lime paints, plasters, mortars and grouts.

The pigments used for artists’ colors are inorganic as well as organic.
The inorganic pigments have been used since antiquity; most of them are extracted from minerals and soil, such as natural earth colors, siennas and ocres.
Titanium, carbon and ultramarine pigments also belong to this category, as well as cobalt and cadmium.
Many of these pigments are now also manufactured synthetically.
Organic pigments have their origins in the 19th century.

Industrial production developed at the beginning of the twentieth century owing to new manufacturing processes in organic chemistry.
These synthetic pigments have become an important group in the manufacture of artists’ colors, producing bright and luminous shades of great intensity and excellent light fastness and permanence.
The range has extended continuously, and now besides the familiar phtalocyanines and naphthols, includes azo compounds, dioxacines and pyrroles, antraquiniones and quinacridones.


ADVANTAGES OF IRON OXIDE ORANGE:
1)Bright-colored exquisite powder.
2)Good weatherability, Lightfastness, heat-resistant and alkali resistant.
3)Strong tinting power, excellent covering ability and fine dispersion.
4)We can supply iron oxide with different color, specifications and packing base on client's request.

MAINLY APPLICATIONS OF IRON OXIDE ORANGE:
1)Constructions: colorant for asphalt and concrete, terrazzo, masonry block, bricks, paving slabs, brick paver, architectural, ready-mix concrete, roof tiles, sand-lime bricks and walling blocks etc;
2)Paint and coating: water-based exterior and interior wall coating,oil paint primer and finish paints and anticorrosion paints etc;
3)Plastic and rubber: thermosetting plastic and thermoplastic and rubber track etc;
4)Others: paper, leather,ceramics,cosmetic and medicine etc.

Iron oxide orange is recommended for use in various types of cement mortars, like: plasters, tile mud, industrial floors, stamped concrete, tile joints, grouts, cement plates, blocks, concrete, asphalt etc.
Iron oxide orange can also color plastics, soaps, fertilizers and feed products, water based and oil based paints.
Orange Iron Oxide is a highly concentrated dry powder of the finest grade particle size and great tinctorial strength, excellent light fastness, resistance to alkali, non-toxic and non-inflammable & produces very attractive shades of variegated colors.

SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IRON OXIDE ORANGE:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Chemically produced pure iron oxide pigments are excellently lightfast, opaque and stable in any medium.
Iron oxide pigments are especially recommended for outside applications, in cement and lime.
Color range is equivalent to earth colors, from yellow to dark violet-brown.

Most of our products such as the oxides are produced to be natural identical in a laboratory.
The reason for this is that a natural oxide would not fit the FDA requirement for the minimium in heavy metal contents.
Soils naturally contain heavy metals so any oxide must be purified for cosmetic use.
Iron oxides in nature (dirt) are often loaded with toxic metals like lead, arsenic, mercury, antimony and selenium.

The FDA stepped in to regulate cosmetic colorants so the level of toxic metal present are present in such low concentrations that they are considered “safe.”
In fact, only synthetically prepared iron oxides are approved for use in cosmetics in this country. Since 1970 Oxides and Ultramarines have been manufactured in labs so assure purity.
The lab manufactured pigments have the same molecular structure as their natural identical.


The colour pigments used in cosmetics are often matt.
Since the colour spectrum of iron oxides is varied and these tones can be mixed individually, a multitude of colour nuances are created.
Iron oxides are also the main constituents in mineral powders and foundations.

Of course we have data sheets for all pigments available.
They are filled in environmentally friendly screwed glass.
Iron oxide pigments are the most often used colour pigments in the world.
They are available in the primary colours yellow (FeOOH), black (Fe3O4) and red (Fe2O3), but also as a mixture in orange, beige and brown shades.

Iron oxide pigments produce vibrant, durable colors in concrete and other cementitious materials. Iron oxide pigments are tested and certified by the American Society for the Testing of Materials to be light-fast, insoluble, and alkali resistant (ASTM C-979).
This means iron oxide pigments will not deteriorate over time and will be readily visible in the concrete.
Due to their small size, ten times smaller than cement particles, iron oxide pigments disperse in the mix, embed in the cement matrix, and give the appearance of uniform coloration.

Iron oxide pigments will not affect the strength or workability of concrete when used in standard doses.
They offer a host of benefits to the concrete contractor, architect, ready mix concrete producer, and manufactured concrete product producer.
Iron oxide pigments can drastically improve the value of concrete.
By adding color, concrete is more attractive and provides color-related properties such as solar reflectiveness.

Solomon Colors uses only the highest quality synthetic iron oxide to blend dry, liquid, and granular pigment for concrete and mortar colors.
Solomon Colors is proud to blend and process all dry, liquid, and granular pigments in Springfield, IL and Rialto, CA.
Solomon Colors provides industry leading iron oxide pigments, automated dispensers, and customer service to the ready mix concrete producer, architectural precast concrete producer, or block and paver manufacturer.

Chemically produced, pure iron-oxide pigments are extremely lightfast, opaque and stable in any medium.
Iron oxide pigments are especially recommended for outside applications such as in cement and lime. Color range is similar to earth tones: from pale yellow to dark violet-brown.

THE HISTORY OF IRON OXIDE PIGMENT:
Iron Oxides have been used since prehistoric times (mainly the red shades).
Iron Oxides were first used by cavemen to leave testimony of their presence in cave dwellings including animal drawings to ensure bountiful hunting.
The first cave drawing was found in the Saubia Mountains (Germany), Lascaux (France) and Altamira (Spain).
Iron Oxides were painted between 40,000 and 10,000 BC.
Iron Oxide rich mineral clays provided the colors used.

Iron Oxide was later found in Neolithic ceramic, Renaissance or Impressionist paintings, bricks of early cities, etc.
Natural Iron Oxides are still used nowadays.
However, synthetic types are much more popular nowadays because of their higher pigment performance.
Their widespread use is due to their natural shade and outstanding chemical, physical and technical properties, which make them essential in many applications.

KEY ATTRIBUTES OF IRON OXIDE PIGMENT:
Range: Iron Oxides
Basic Chemical Composition: Fe2O3
Dispersibility (*): Excellent
Hiding Power/Opacity (*): Excellent
Heat Fastness (*): 800ºC, 5 min
Light Fastness (*): Excellent
Weather Fastness (*): Excellent
Acid Fastness (*): Excellent
Alkali Fastness (*): Excellent
Cement compatibility (*): Excellent
Solvent Fastness (*): Excellent
Metamerism (*): No

APPLICATIONS OF IRON OXIDE PIGMENT:
• Food Contact Packaging
• Toys
• General Packaging
• Electric and Electronic Equipment
• Automotive
• Construction
• Fertilizers
• Plant Protection Products
• Industrial uses
• Artist Supply and Hobby preparations.

Iron oxide Pigments are widely used as inexpensive, durable pigments with large number of benefits and application around wide range of industries and products.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF IRON OXIDE PIGMENT:
The Laux process:
Reaction of black: 9 Fe + 4 C6H5NO2 + 4 H2O3 Fe3O4 + 4 C6H5NH2
Reaction of yellow: 2 Fe + C6H5NO2 + 2 H2O2 FeO(OH) + C6H5NH2
Reaction of red: 2 Fe3O4 + ½ O2 3 Fe2O3

Initially, the Laux process was exclusively used to manufacture aniline (C6H5NH2) from nitrobenzene (C6H5NO2).
Only when in 1925 the chemist, Dr Laux, found out that the iron oxide, being a by-product of this reaction, could be used, subject to certain chemical conditions, as an iron oxide pigment with extremely high colour strength.

This process is primarily used for black iron oxide (e.g. Black 330), however, the reaction to get iron oxide yellow (e.g. Yellow 420) is also possible.
From black iron oxide, it is also possible to produce red iron oxide pigments (e.g. Red 110) in an additional reaction stage.

The Precipitation process:
2 FeSO4 + 4 NaOH + ½ O22 FeO(OH) + 2 Na2SO4 + H2O
In the precipitation process, iron sulphate is oxidized to yellow iron oxide pigment in an alkaline environment with atmospheric oxygen.
In this case, similar to the Penniman process, a yellow nucleus pigment is necessary in order to obtain yellow pigments of a high quality.

The Penniman process:
2 Fe + ½ O2 + 3 H2O 2 FeO(OH) + 2 H2
In the Penniman process, iron scrap is oxidized to yellow iron oxide in a sulphate acid medium in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
In this case, iron sulphate acts as a catalyst.
As to obtain yellow pigments of a high quality, yellow nuclei are furthermore necessary.

Eco – Friendly:
Synthetic red, yellow, orange, brown and black iron oxides are non-toxic and made from 60% post-industrial recycled content processed.


USAGE AREAS OF IRON OXIDE PIGMENT:
Iron oxide pigment is used As a raw material paint production
Iron oxide pigment is used Cement and color concrete production

Iron oxide pigment is used As a colorant in various industries
Iron Oxides Pigments display high quality levels of chemical and physical properties.
Iron Oxides Pigments are widely used in paints, coating, construction, plastics, rubber, ceramic industries, etc.

Iron Oxide Pigments are the workhorse in the color industry.
Iron Oxide Pigment is a synthetic inorganic and non-hazardous pigment.

When used in manufacturing, Iron Oxide Pigment produces true and natural colors.
Iron Oxide Pigments that can be used in a number of applications such as: building materials, paint, coatings, plastic, cosmetics, mulch and specialty chemicals.

Iron Oxides including Natural Iron Oxides and Synthetic Iron Oxide with maximum purity up-to 99%.
The advantage of having exclusive access to these high quality materials and coupled with our superior manufacturing and laboratory facilities produce material as per any international producer worldwide.
Iron Oxide Pigment may be used Paints, Roofing tiles, Asphalt, Concrete products, Sand lime bricks, Paper and cardboard, Plastic, Rubber products, Artificial leather, Wood stain Floor and shoe polish, Cattle and poultry feed, Fertilizers, Glass, Ceramics in as well as many other applications.

Iron oxide pigments can be used in automotive coatings, wood coatings, architectural coatings, industrial coatings, powder coatings, art paint, plastics, nylon, rubber, printing ink, cosmetics, tobacco packaging and other packaging coatings.
Iron oxide pigments can be used in combination with organic pigments which can not only enrich the color and improve the chroma, but also can significantly improve the condition of poor weather resistance when organic pigments are used alone.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IRON OXIDE PIGMENT:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Iron oxide pigment yellow is a non bleeding pigment that is suitable for opaque or white melt and pour soaps and it is also stable in cold process soaps.
Depending on how much you add, you can create various shades of yellow.
Unsuitable for clear bases as Iron oxide pigment yellow will give a speckled appearance.

CAS: 51274-00-1
MF: Fe2O3
MW: 159.69
EINECS: 257-098-5

Iron oxide pigment yellow is best to mix this first with either a carrier oil for cold process soaps or with distilled water or glycerine for melt and pour soaps.
If you add Iron oxide pigment yellow straight into the base, it will probably clump up and look very messy.
Either way Iron oxide pigment yellow does need to be mixed in well before adding to your base.
A very high purity Iron oxide pigment yellow that meets all the requirements for use in cosmetics.
Strong tinting strength and easy dispersibility.
Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen.
As well as being used in foundations, blushers, bronzers Iron oxide pigment yellow makes a great addition to a lipstick base.

Stable in cold process soaps.
Also good for opaque melt & pour soaps.
Pigment yellow 42, also known as Yellow Iron oxide is a yellow powder in the form of an alkaline oxide with comparatively stable chemical properties.
Iron oxide pigment yellow is is insoluble in water and alcohol, slightly soluble in acids but completely dissolves in concentrated hydrochloric acid.
When heated to 80℃, Iron oxide pigment yellow loses water and converts to red ferric oxide.
Iron oxide pigment yellow is used in coating, printing ink and paint, and also as a coloring agent for building material, rubber and paper-making.

Iron oxide pigment yellow is widely used due to its bright and pure colour, good weather proofing and high opacity.
Iron oxide pigment yellow is manufactured by the precipitation of ferric oxide hydroxide followed by purification through washing, drying and milling.
Iron oxide pigment yellow is an inorganic, high-purity pigment.
Particle size range 1.0-7.0 micrometer.
Mean particle size 2.93 micrometer.
Provides superior color purity and saturation.
Outstanding dispersibility, no aggregate formation.

Iron oxide pigment yellow Chemical Properties
Melting point: 1538 °C
Density: 5.24
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Room Temperature
Form: Powder
Color: yellow
Water Solubility: 1.65μg/L
CAS DataBase Reference: 51274-00-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Iron oxide pigment yellow(51274-00-1)

Uses
Iron oxide pigment yellow is used in the topical solar composition protecting skin exposed to irradiation of high energy visible light.
Mainly used in paint, cement parts, building surfaces, plastics, rubber coloring
inorganic yellow pigment.
Iron oxide pigment yellow is widely used in the coloring of artificial marble, terrawl and rubber products.
Iron oxide pigment yellow is also used in the manufacture of watercolors, paints, and architectural coatings.
Also useful are intermediates for the production of iron oxide-based pigments, such as for the preparation of iron oxide red, iron oxide black.
Iron oxide pigment yellow is widely used in the construction of artificial marble, Grindstone coloring.
Iron oxide pigment yellow is the color, oil, paint, rubber and other pigments.
Used as an intermediate of iron oxide pigment, such as iron oxide red, iron black and so on.

Preparation Method
Ferrous sulfate oxidation method; Sulfuric acid reacts with iron filings to generate ferrous sulfate, 3% sodium hydroxide solution is added and air is introduced to prepare each crystal nucleus, ferrous sulfate and iron filings are added to the crystal nucleus suspension, heated and oxidized, and filtered by pressure filter, yellow iron oxide was obtained by washing and pulverization.

Synonyms
Ferric oxide Yellow
Ferric oxide, yellow
Bayferrox 920
51274-00-1
UNII-EX438O2MRT
Iron hydroxide oxide yellow
Ferric oxide, yellow [NF]
Iron Oxide Yellow
EX438O2MRT
CCRIS 4378
EINECS 257-098-5
iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide;hydrate
Ferrox
EC 257-098-5
MAPICO YELLOW
IRON OXIDE,YELLOW
FERRIC OXIDE,YELLOW
HYDRATED FERRIC-OXIDE
FERRIC OXIDE, HYDRATED
INS NO.172(III)
INS-172(III)
FERRIC OXIDE YELLOW [II]
FERRIC OXYHYDROXIDE HYDRATE
HYDRATED IRON (III) OXIDE
IRON OXIDE,YELLOW [VANDF]
CI 77492 [INCI]
E-172(III)
SYNTHETIC YELLOW IRON OXIDE
FERRIC OXIDE,YELLOW [VANDF]
FERRIC OXIDE, HYDRATED [II]
FERRIC OXIDE (HYDRATE) [NF]
AKOS032950036
IRON(III) OXIDE-HYDROXIDE MONOHYDRATE
CI(1975) NO. 77492
Q27277405
105478-30-6

Synthetic red iron oxide is the most common colorant in ceramics and has the highest amount of iron.
It is available commercially as a soft and very fine powder made by grinding ore material or heat processing ferrous/ferric sulphate or ferric hydroxide.
During firing all irons normally decompose and produce similar colors in glazes and clay bodies (although they have differing amounts of Fe metal per gram of powder).

CAS: 1309-37-1;1317-60-8;1332-37-2
EINECS 215-168-2;215-275-4;215-570-8
Name: Iron(III) oxide
Molecular Formula: Fe2O3
Molecular Weight: 159.69

Red iron oxide is available in many different shades from a bright light red to a deep red maroon, these are normally designated by a scale from about 120-180 (this number designation should be on the bags from the manufacturer, darker colors are higher numbers), however, in ceramics these different grades should all fire to a similar temperature since they have the same amount iron.
The different raw colors are a product of the degree of grinding.

In oxidation firing iron is very refractory, so much so that it is impossible, even in a highly melted frit, to produce a metallic glaze.
It is an important source for tan, red-brown, and brown colors in glazes and bodies.
Iron red colors, for example, are dependent on the crystallization of iron in a fluid glaze matrix and require large amounts of iron being present (eg. 25%).

The red color of terra cotta bodies comes from iron, typically around 5% or more, and depends of the body being porous.
As these bodies are fired to higher temperatures the color shifts to a deeper red and finally brown. The story is similar with medium fire bodies.

In reduction firing iron changes its personality to become a very active flux.
Iron glazes that are stable at cone 6-10 in oxidation will run off the ware in reduction.
The iron in reduction fired glazes is known for producing very attractive earthy brown tones.
Greens, greys and reds can also be achieved depending on the chemistry of the glaze and the amount of iron.
Ancient Chinese celadons, for example, contained around 2-3% iron.
Particulate iron impurities in reduction clay bodies can melt and become fluid during firing, creating specks that can bleed up through glazes.
This phenomenon is a highly desirable aesthetic in certain types of ceramics, when the particles are quite large the resultant blotch in the glaze surface is called a blossom.

Iron oxide can gel glaze and clay slurries making them difficult to work with (this is especially a problem where the slurry is deflocculated).
Iron oxide particles are very small, normally 100% of the material will pass a 325 mesh screen (this is part of the reason iron is such a nuisance dust).
As with other powders of exceedingly small particle size, agglomeration of the particles into larger ones can be a real problem.

These particles can resist break down, even a powerful electric mixer is not enough to disperse them (black iron oxide can be even more difficult).
In such cases screening a glaze will break them down.
However screening finer than 80 mesh is difficult, this is not fine enough to eliminate the speckles that iron can produce.
Thus ball milling may be the only solution if the speckle is undesired.

Red iron oxides are available in spheroidal, rhombohedral, and irregular particle shapes.
Some high purity grades are specially controlled for heavy metals and are used in drugs, cosmetics, pet foods, and soft ferrites.
Highly refined grades can have 98% Fe2O3 but typically red iron is about 95% pure and very fine (less than 1% 325 mesh).
Some grades of red iron do have coarser specks in them and this can result in unwanted specking in glaze and bodies (see picture).

High iron raw materials or alternate names: burnt sienna, crocus martis, Indian red, red ochre, red oxide, Spanish red.
Iron is the principal contaminant in most clay materials.
A low iron content, for example, is very important in kaolins used for porcelain.

One method of producing synthetic iron oxide is by burning solutions of Ferric Chloride (spent pickle liquor from the steel industry) to produce Hydrochloric Acid (their main product) and Hematite (a byproduct).
100% pure material contains 69.9% Fe.


Fe2O3, also known as hematite or Iron(III) oxide.
This comes from a natural source so the product has slight variation in color.
Particle size runs about 500 mesh (30 microns).
Iron oxide red is Used in welding, pigments, ceramics, along with a lot of other uses.

Iron Oxide Red is an inorganic, high-purity pigment.
Iron Oxide Red has Particle size range 0.3-1.0 micrometer.
Iron Oxide Red has Mean particle size of 0.56 micrometer.
Iron Oxide Red Provides superior color purity and saturation.

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF IRON OXIDE RED:
Molecular Formula: Fe2O3
Molar Mass: 159.69
Melting Point: 1538℃
Water Solubility: INSOLUBLE
Appearance: Red to reddish brown powder
Storage Condition: Room Temprature
Sensitive: Easily absorbing moisture
MDL: MFCD00011008
Chemical description: Pigment Red 101.77491 (Fe2O3)
Chemical Formula: Fe2O3
Lightfastness - thinned: 8 (1 is bad, 8 is best)
Lightfastness - medium: 8 (1 is bad, 8 is best)
Lightfastness - concentrated: 8 (1 is bad, 8 is best)
ColorIndex: PR 101.77491
Suitability: Acrylics, Cement / Tadelakt, Ceramic, Lime / Fresco, Oil, Silicate binder, Waterglass, Tempera, Watercolor / Gouache
Colors: Red
Forms: powder
Solubility in water: insoluble
Pigment Type: Oxides are man-made pigments from natural elements.
Oxides are strong in tinting strength and more opaque than other colors so can often be used at a lower ratio than natural pigments.
These colors are an excellent choice for cement and stucco, but are not limited to that use.
Composition: Iron Oxide, PR101
Chemical Formula: Fe203
Lightfastness: Excellent
Particle size 50 microns (325 Mesh)
Heat Stability: Color Stable to 300° F
Packaging: 100g: 4 oz recyclable plastic jar
500g and above: double plastic bag
Quantities over 1 kilo will be bulk packed
Notes: Use care when handling any dry pigment.
Avoid inhaling pigment dust.

A red transparent powder of the three crystal system.
The particles are fine, the particle size is 0.01 to 0.05 μm, the specific surface area is large (10 times that of ordinary iron oxide red), the ultraviolet absorption is strong, and the light resistance and the atmospheric resistance are excellent.
When light is projected onto a paint film or plastic containing a transparent iron oxide red pigment, it is in a transparent state.
The relative density of 5.7g/cm3, the melting point of 1396. It is a new kind of iron pigment with unique properties.

Iron oxide red is dark red powder; Odorless, tasteless.
Iron oxide red is insoluble in water; Soluble in boiling hydrochloric acid.

Red iron oxide is the most common colorant in ceramics and has the highest amount of iron.
It is available commercially as a soft and very fine powder made by grinding ore material or heat processing ferrous/ferric sulphate or ferric hydroxide.
During firing all irons normally decompose and produce similar colors in glazes and clay bodies (although they have differing amounts of Fe metal per gram of powder).

Red iron oxide is available in many different shades from a bright light red at a deep red maroon, these are normally designated by a scale from about 120-180 (this number designation should be on the bags from the manufacturer, darker colors are higher numbers), however in ceramics these different grades should all fire to a similar temperature since they have the same amount iron.
The different raw colors are a product of the degree of grinding.

In oxidation firing iron is very refractory, so much so that it is impossible, even in a highly melted frit, to produce a metallic glaze.
It is an important source for tan, red-brown, and brown colors in glazes and bodies.
Iron red colors, for example, are dependent on the crystallization of iron in a fluid glaze matrix and require large amounts of iron being present (eg. 25%).
The red color of terra cotta bodies comes from iron, typically around 5% or more, and depends of the body being porous.
As these bodies are fired to higher temperatures the color shifts to a deeper red and finally brown.
The story is similar with medium fire bodies.

In reduction firing iron changes its personality to become a very active flux.
Iron glazes that are stable at cone 6-10 in oxidation will run off the ware in reduction.
The iron in reduction fired glazes is known for producing very attractive earthy brown tones.
Greens, greys and reds can also be achieved depending on the chemistry of the glaze and the amount of iron.
Ancient Chinese celadons, for example, contained around 2-3% iron.

Particulate iron impurities in reduction clay bodies can melt and become fluid during firing, creating specks that can bleed up through glazes.
This phenomenon is a highly desirable aesthetic in certain types of ceramics, when the particles are quite large the resultant blotch in the glaze surface is called a blossom.

Iron oxide can gel glaze and clay slurries making them difficult to work with (this is especially a problem where the slurry is deflocculated).
Iron oxide particles are very small, normally 100% of the material will pass a 325 mesh screen (this is part of the reason iron is such a nuisance dust).
As with other powders of exceedingly small particle size, agglomeration of the the particles into larger ones can be a real problem.

These particles can resist break down, even a powerful electric mixer is not enough to disperse them (black iron oxide can be even more difficult).
In such cases screening a glaze will break them down.
However screening finer than 80 mesh is difficult, this is not fine enough to eliminate the speckles that iron can produce.
Thus ball milling may be the only solution if the speckle is undesired.


APPLICATIONS OF IRON OXIDE RED:
Mainly used as magnetic materials, pigments, polishing agents, catalysts, etc., but also for telecommunications, Instrument Industry inorganic red pigment.
Iron oxide red is mainly used for the transparent coloring of coins, but also for the coloring of paints, inks and plastics.
Iron oxide red is an inorganic pigment, which is used as an anti-rust pigment in the coating industry.
Iron oxide red is also used as a colorant for rubber, artificial marble, ground terrae, plastic, asbestos, artificial leather, leather paste and other colorants and fillers, precision instruments, polishing agent for optical glass, raw materials for producing magnetic material ferrite elements, and the like.

PREPARATION METHOD OF IRON OXIDE RED:
The preparation methods include wet method and dry method.
Wet products Crystal fine, soft particles, easy to grind, suitable for pigment.
Dry products crystallize large, hard particles, suitable for magnetic materials, polishing materials.

Wet method:
A certain amount of 5% ferrous sulfate solution is rapidly reacted with an excess of caustic soda solution (alkali excess is required to be 0. 04~0. 08g/mL), at room temperature into the air to make all the red brown ferric hydroxide colloidal solution, as the deposition of iron oxide nuclei.
The above crystal nucleus as the carrier, with ferrous sulfate as the medium, into the air, at 75~85 ℃, in the presence of metallic iron, ferrous sulfate and oxygen in the air, the formation of ferric oxide (ie, iron red) it is deposited on the crystal nucleus, and the sulfate in the solution interacts with the metal iron to regenerate the ferrous sulfate, and the ferrous sulfate is oxidized into iron red by air to continue the deposition, so that the cycle is to the end of the whole process to generate iron oxide red.
Dry method:
Nitric acid reacts with iron flakes to form ferrous nitrate, which is cooled to crystallize, dehydrated and dried.
After grinding, it is calcined at 600~700 ℃ for 8~10h, then washed with water and dried, the red iron oxide product was prepared by pulverization. Iron oxide red can also be obtained by calcining iron oxide yellow at 600 to 700 °c.

USAGE AND PROPORTION(%) OF IRON OXIDE RED:
Lipsticks / Lip Gloss: 5-10
Eyeshadows:10-40
Blusher, CC cream, Foundation:2-10
Blusher Rouge:2-10
Makeup Powders: 5-10
Eyebrow Pencils, Eyeshadow Pen: 2-15
Vanishing Cream, Face Cold Cream: 2-5
Nail Polish, Nail UV/LED Polish Gel: 2-20
Hair Spray, Shampoo, Perfume: 0.1-10
Body Lotions & Body Creams: 1-5
Cold Process Soap: 1-5




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IRON OXIDE RED:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF IRON OXIDE RED:
E 172
Hematite
C.I. 77491
Iron Oxide
C.I.P. R.101
Ferric oxide
Iron(III)oxide
IRON OXIDE RED
diiron trioxide
Iron(III) oxide
Iron (III) oxide
Ironoxide anhydrous
C.I. Pigment Red 101
C.I. Pigment Red 102
Iron (III) oxide, red
Ferric oxide,medicinal
oxo-(oxoferriooxy)iron
COLOUR FERRIC OXIDE RED
Ironoxideredbrownpowder
Ferric oxide for ferrite
Iron oxide - precipitated
diferric oxygen(-2) anion
Transparent iron oxide red
Iron (III) Oxide Anhydrous
Iron (III) oxide - calcined
C.I. Pigment Red 101 and 102

DESCRIPTION:
Iron oxide yellow is one of the many colors of iron oxide.
Yellow ochre clay contains yellow iron oxide.
In ceramics red iron oxide is most commonly used in glazes and clay bodies, but black is also used.

CAS: 51274-00-1
IC: PY42.77492
Origin: iron oxide

PROPERTIES OF IRON OXIDE YELLOW:
Suitability:
Oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolors / gouache, lime / fresco, cement / tadelakt, ceramics, water glass
Color index:
PY 42.77492
Fastness to light:
full tone: 8, medium: 8, diluted: 8 (1 is bad, 8 is best).
Synthetic iron oxide hydrate (Fe²O³.H²o).
Fe2O3 content: 87-88 %
Absolute density: 4,1 g/ml
Bulk density: 0,4-0,6 g/ml
Sieve residue (0,045 mm sieve): max. 0,02 %
pH: 3,5-7
Soluble salts: max. 0,5 %
Oil absorbtion: 48-52 g/100g
Heat stability: 170 °C 1 h
Light stability (1-8): 8 (excellent)
Humidity: 1 %
Form: powder
Colour: matte yellow
Odour: odourless
Solubility: insoluble
Ingredients: yellow iron oxide
pH-Value: 4-8
Melting temperature: >1000°
Flash point: not combustible
Flammability (solid, gas): non-flammable
Apparent Density: 4 g/cm3
Solubility in water: insoluble

Yellow iron oxide, similar to ultramarines, is a colourant that has been extracted and sieved of dangerous impurities.
This colour adds a sense of happiness and can be used in body care applications or to deepen the tone of other colours in many applications.
For instance, colouring eyeshadows, foundations, and even soaps.
Yellow iron oxide has been successful in preserving the shape and colour in cold process or melt-and-pour soaps.

One of its disadvantages though is that Yellow iron oxide has a tendency to clump and you will need to be extra cautious to de-clump first before adding to your recipe.
To de-clump beforehand, use a hand mixer to pre-mix your colourant in with a purified fixed oil, such as olive oil, before adding to your soap.

Yellow iron oxide will help thaw and break up any clusters.
The coloured oil can be added to the soap batter at trace when making cold process soap.
For melt and pour soap, the iron oxide must be firstly mixed carefully with glycerine to avoid spattering.

Then, simply add Yellow iron oxide to the melt-and-pour soap.
Add this Yellow Iron Oxide to your bath and body products for a brighter look.
The 15g selection is packaged in a clear vial whereas bigger selections come packaged in reclosable ziplock standup pouches.
Caution: There may be a harmful reaction of the product with metals, such as aluminum, magnesium, potassium, zinc, lithium, sodium etc., at high temperatures.

Yellow iron oxide has Very high color brilliance and color purity.
Yellow iron oxide has Very opaque property.
For the calculation of the required pigments you can help yourself with the table, which you can find in the gallery pictures.
The best way is to mix a color dough with the wetting agent and water.

Yellow is the least color-stable form.
Yellow iron oxide is a synthetic material of very fine particle size (but not as fine as black or red).
Actual yellow iron oxides are around 85% Fe2O3 and about 12% LOI with some impurities (e.g. SiO2, CaO).

Theoretically, any form of iron could be used to source Fe in the fired ceramic product (of course they lose different amounts of volatiles on firing so they cannot be substituted gram-for-gram). However in practice this is not the case.
Yellow iron, in our tests, for example, does not stain a glaze but it does stain a clay body.
The reason is not apparent to us yet.

Yellow irons can be used where raw color or other raw properties are important to the manufacturing process or color of the unfired product and where a less messy material is desired. Yellow iron is not as fluffy and light as black, but more than red.
Iron oxide yellow does not agglomerate as badly as red, but more than black.
Iron oxide yellow is coarser in particle size and does leave some lighter colored residue on a 325 mesh screen (up to 8% in one specimen we tested whereas the others left zero).

Yellow iron is also used in paints, enamels, concrete colorants, plastics, rubber, and paper where permanent yellow is required.
Iron oxide yellow has excellent hiding power, absorbs ultraviolet light, is compatible with a broad range of vehicles, disperses well in aqueous and solvent systems, does not contain heavy metals.




Yellow Iron Oxide is a very versatile yellow.
Iron oxide yellow is considered a matte pigment.
Yellow Iron Oxide is a beautiful yellow with a variety of uses.
Yellow Iron Oxide ca easily be used alone, or use Iron oxide yellow to blend and add other oxides and micas for new shades and colors.

Iron Oxide is considered a great natural colorant, and they have been filtered of any potential harmful impurities.
Yellows and other iron oxides are very useful for tinting blushes, eye liners, eye shadows, lip colors, foundations, etc.
An essential colorants for your specialty make-up formulations.

Our colorants work amazing alone or along with other pigments and dyes.
Concentrations to be used vary on the formulation you are trying to make.
For example, liquid soap will require less colorant whereas compact powders will require much more.

All Iron Oxides are pigments that are widely used in all kinds of applications from technical uses to specialty formulations to make cosmetics and personal care.
Whether you are making face powders, foundations, blushes, eyeshadows, salt or sugar scrubs, you will always find iron oxides perfect for tinting and coloring.
Iron oxides, like our yellow iron oxide are perfect for making soaps and make gorgeous swirl soaps too.

Black Iron Oxide is particularly useful, similar to titaniun dioxide, as it is so helpful in creating specialty shades and tints.
Iron oxide yellow is dispersible in water and oil.
Care must be taken to mix using high shearing force to get it to blend. (Use a stick blender for best results.)

For dry applications, simply mix with your favorite base clay, talc or titanium dioxide or other dry medium.

Typical Usage: Just a 1/2 oz will tint / color about 20 lbs of a product depending on the tint / intensity of the color you want.
Iron oxide yellow is advisable to add a very small amount at a time until you get your desired result.

Colors can be mixed together to create new colors.
Blend with titanium dioxide or black iron oxide for even ,more tints and colors.
You can make all kinds of tints and shades.
Try blending with clays,talcs or titanium dioxide to make all kinds of colors.
Keep in mind that when you blend the iron oxides with these materials you will often find that the colors have different various undertones.

Caution - When using yellow iron oxide, do not expose it to prolonged high temperatures at or above 300 degrees F.
Yellow Iron Oxide has a tendency to drift to a red color when under prolonged heat exposure above 300 F.

YELLOW IRON OXIDE PRODUCT RECOMMENDED PIGMENTS:
Nubifer Y-2000 series – The very basic series Yellow Iron Oxide pigment.
Recommended for plastics; only low temperature such as PVC, EVA, LDPE and rubber, and coatings where high dispersibility is not requested and for general use in cement and concrete applications.

Nubifer Y-4000 series - The basic series of Yellow Iron Oxide pigment.
Recommended for plastics, coatings, cement and concrete applications.

Nubifer Y-5000 series – Micronized/high dispersibility/narrow colorimetric tolerance Yellow Iron Oxides
Nubifer Y-5010 – Light shade Yellow Iron Oxide
Nubifer Y-5020 – Reddish shade Yellow Iron Oxide

Nubifer Y-5028 – Reddish shade Yellow Iron Oxide with enhanced rheological performance
Nubifer Y-5028LV – Yellow Iron Oxide Low with viscosity, when used in pigment pastes at high pigment loading.
Nubifer Y-7000 series – Micronized, high heat fastness Yellow Iron Oxides

Nubifer Y-7050 – Encapsulated grade Yellow Iron Oxide.
Recommended for high temperature curing coatings (heat fastness = 260°C, 5 min.), for medium processing temperature resins (heat fastness = 260°C, 5 min.) and PVC; more suitable for unplasticized PVC compounds than conventional Yellow Iron Oxides.

APPLICATIONS OF YELLOW IRON OXIDE:
Plastics: Polyolefins, PS, ABS, engineered polymers, PVC, silicones, and rubber
Coatings: Liquid architectural and industrial, powder, coil, stoving and high temperature resistant coatings
Industrial: Cement, concrete, glass and ceramics

FDA regulates color additives used in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices.
Ferric oxide yellow is an inorganic yellow pigment used in the pharmaceutical industry as a coating pigment.
Ferric oxide yellow is also known as yellow iron oxide [FeOH3].
Iron oxide yellow exists as an amorphous yellow powder, and is primarily used in the cosmetics industry.

TYPICAL COSMETIC APPLICATIONS:
• Hair Spray, Shampoo, Perfume 0.1-10.0%
• Body Lotions & Creams 1.0-5.0%
• Soap 1.0-5.0%
• Vanishing Cream 2.0-5.0%
• Blush & Foundation 2.0-10.0%
• Makeup Powders 5.0-10.0%
• Lipstick & Lip gloss 5.0-10.0%
• Eyeshadow Pencils & Eyeliner Pens 2.0-15.0%
• Nail Polish 2.0-20.0%
• Eyeshadow 10.0-40.0%


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IRON OXIDE YELLOW:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

DESCRIPTION:
Iron oxide yellow is one of the many colors of iron oxide.
Yellow ochre clay contains yellow iron oxide.
In ceramics red iron oxide is most commonly used in glazes and clay bodies, but black is also used.

CAS: 51274-00-1
IC: PY42.77492
Origin: iron oxide

PROPERTIES OF IRON OXIDE YELLOW:
Suitability:
Oil, acrylic, tempera, watercolors / gouache, lime / fresco, cement / tadelakt, ceramics, water glass
Color index:
PY 42.77492
Fastness to light:
full tone: 8, medium: 8, diluted: 8 (1 is bad, 8 is best).
Synthetic iron oxide hydrate (Fe²O³.H²o).
Fe2O3 content: 87-88 %
Absolute density: 4,1 g/ml
Bulk density: 0,4-0,6 g/ml
Sieve residue (0,045 mm sieve): max. 0,02 %
pH: 3,5-7
Soluble salts: max. 0,5 %
Oil absorbtion: 48-52 g/100g
Heat stability: 170 °C 1 h
Light stability (1-8): 8 (excellent)
Humidity: 1 %
Form: powder
Colour: matte yellow
Odour: odourless
Solubility: insoluble
Ingredients: yellow iron oxide
pH-Value: 4-8
Melting temperature: >1000°
Flash point: not combustible
Flammability (solid, gas): non-flammable
Apparent Density: 4 g/cm3
Solubility in water: insoluble

Yellow iron oxide, similar to ultramarines, is a colourant that has been extracted and sieved of dangerous impurities.
This colour adds a sense of happiness and can be used in body care applications or to deepen the tone of other colours in many applications.
For instance, colouring eyeshadows, foundations, and even soaps.
Yellow iron oxide has been successful in preserving the shape and colour in cold process or melt-and-pour soaps.

One of its disadvantages though is that Yellow iron oxide has a tendency to clump and you will need to be extra cautious to de-clump first before adding to your recipe.
To de-clump beforehand, use a hand mixer to pre-mix your colourant in with a purified fixed oil, such as olive oil, before adding to your soap.

Yellow iron oxide will help thaw and break up any clusters.
The coloured oil can be added to the soap batter at trace when making cold process soap.
For melt and pour soap, the iron oxide must be firstly mixed carefully with glycerine to avoid spattering.

Then, simply add Yellow iron oxide to the melt-and-pour soap.
Add this Yellow Iron Oxide to your bath and body products for a brighter look.
The 15g selection is packaged in a clear vial whereas bigger selections come packaged in reclosable ziplock standup pouches.
Caution: There may be a harmful reaction of the product with metals, such as aluminum, magnesium, potassium, zinc, lithium, sodium etc., at high temperatures.

Yellow iron oxide has Very high color brilliance and color purity.
Yellow iron oxide has Very opaque property.
For the calculation of the required pigments you can help yourself with the table, which you can find in the gallery pictures.
The best way is to mix a color dough with the wetting agent and water.

Yellow is the least color-stable form.
Yellow iron oxide is a synthetic material of very fine particle size (but not as fine as black or red).
Actual yellow iron oxides are around 85% Fe2O3 and about 12% LOI with some impurities (e.g. SiO2, CaO).

Theoretically, any form of iron could be used to source Fe in the fired ceramic product (of course they lose different amounts of volatiles on firing so they cannot be substituted gram-for-gram). However in practice this is not the case.
Yellow iron, in our tests, for example, does not stain a glaze but it does stain a clay body.
The reason is not apparent to us yet.

Yellow irons can be used where raw color or other raw properties are important to the manufacturing process or color of the unfired product and where a less messy material is desired. Yellow iron is not as fluffy and light as black, but more than red.
Iron oxide yellow does not agglomerate as badly as red, but more than black.
Iron oxide yellow is coarser in particle size and does leave some lighter colored residue on a 325 mesh screen (up to 8% in one specimen we tested whereas the others left zero).

Yellow iron is also used in paints, enamels, concrete colorants, plastics, rubber, and paper where permanent yellow is required.
Iron oxide yellow has excellent hiding power, absorbs ultraviolet light, is compatible with a broad range of vehicles, disperses well in aqueous and solvent systems, does not contain heavy metals.




Yellow Iron Oxide is a very versatile yellow.
Iron oxide yellow is considered a matte pigment.
Yellow Iron Oxide is a beautiful yellow with a variety of uses.
Yellow Iron Oxide ca easily be used alone, or use Iron oxide yellow to blend and add other oxides and micas for new shades and colors.

Iron Oxide is considered a great natural colorant, and they have been filtered of any potential harmful impurities.
Yellows and other iron oxides are very useful for tinting blushes, eye liners, eye shadows, lip colors, foundations, etc.
An essential colorants for your specialty make-up formulations.

Our colorants work amazing alone or along with other pigments and dyes.
Concentrations to be used vary on the formulation you are trying to make.
For example, liquid soap will require less colorant whereas compact powders will require much more.

All Iron Oxides are pigments that are widely used in all kinds of applications from technical uses to specialty formulations to make cosmetics and personal care.
Whether you are making face powders, foundations, blushes, eyeshadows, salt or sugar scrubs, you will always find iron oxides perfect for tinting and coloring.
Iron oxides, like our yellow iron oxide are perfect for making soaps and make gorgeous swirl soaps too.

Black Iron Oxide is particularly useful, similar to titaniun dioxide, as it is so helpful in creating specialty shades and tints.
Iron oxide yellow is dispersible in water and oil.
Care must be taken to mix using high shearing force to get it to blend. (Use a stick blender for best results.)

For dry applications, simply mix with your favorite base clay, talc or titanium dioxide or other dry medium.

Typical Usage: Just a 1/2 oz will tint / color about 20 lbs of a product depending on the tint / intensity of the color you want.
Iron oxide yellow is advisable to add a very small amount at a time until you get your desired result.

Colors can be mixed together to create new colors.
Blend with titanium dioxide or black iron oxide for even ,more tints and colors.
You can make all kinds of tints and shades.
Try blending with clays,talcs or titanium dioxide to make all kinds of colors.
Keep in mind that when you blend the iron oxides with these materials you will often find that the colors have different various undertones.

Caution - When using yellow iron oxide, do not expose it to prolonged high temperatures at or above 300 degrees F.
Yellow Iron Oxide has a tendency to drift to a red color when under prolonged heat exposure above 300 F.

YELLOW IRON OXIDE PRODUCT RECOMMENDED PIGMENTS:
Nubifer Y-2000 series – The very basic series Yellow Iron Oxide pigment.
Recommended for plastics; only low temperature such as PVC, EVA, LDPE and rubber, and coatings where high dispersibility is not requested and for general use in cement and concrete applications.

Nubifer Y-4000 series - The basic series of Yellow Iron Oxide pigment.
Recommended for plastics, coatings, cement and concrete applications.

Nubifer Y-5000 series – Micronized/high dispersibility/narrow colorimetric tolerance Yellow Iron Oxides
Nubifer Y-5010 – Light shade Yellow Iron Oxide
Nubifer Y-5020 – Reddish shade Yellow Iron Oxide

Nubifer Y-5028 – Reddish shade Yellow Iron Oxide with enhanced rheological performance
Nubifer Y-5028LV – Yellow Iron Oxide Low with viscosity, when used in pigment pastes at high pigment loading.
Nubifer Y-7000 series – Micronized, high heat fastness Yellow Iron Oxides

Nubifer Y-7050 – Encapsulated grade Yellow Iron Oxide.
Recommended for high temperature curing coatings (heat fastness = 260°C, 5 min.), for medium processing temperature resins (heat fastness = 260°C, 5 min.) and PVC; more suitable for unplasticized PVC compounds than conventional Yellow Iron Oxides.

APPLICATIONS OF YELLOW IRON OXIDE:
Plastics: Polyolefins, PS, ABS, engineered polymers, PVC, silicones, and rubber
Coatings: Liquid architectural and industrial, powder, coil, stoving and high temperature resistant coatings
Industrial: Cement, concrete, glass and ceramics

FDA regulates color additives used in foods, drugs, cosmetics, and medical devices.
Ferric oxide yellow is an inorganic yellow pigment used in the pharmaceutical industry as a coating pigment.
Ferric oxide yellow is also known as yellow iron oxide [FeOH3].
Iron oxide yellow exists as an amorphous yellow powder, and is primarily used in the cosmetics industry.

TYPICAL COSMETIC APPLICATIONS:
• Hair Spray, Shampoo, Perfume 0.1-10.0%
• Body Lotions & Creams 1.0-5.0%
• Soap 1.0-5.0%
• Vanishing Cream 2.0-5.0%
• Blush & Foundation 2.0-10.0%
• Makeup Powders 5.0-10.0%
• Lipstick & Lip gloss 5.0-10.0%
• Eyeshadow Pencils & Eyeliner Pens 2.0-15.0%
• Nail Polish 2.0-20.0%
• Eyeshadow 10.0-40.0%


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT IRON OXIDE YELLOW:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Isatis tinctoria Root extract is the active ingredient of Danggui Longhui Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine containing plants such as Indigofera tinctoria L. and Isatis tinctoria L, which are used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat chronic diseases.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract and its analogues are reported as potent inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
Isatis tinctoria Root extract could attribute to the positive effect of indirubin on counteracting proliferative diseases, such as chronic myelocytic leukemia (CML), a slowly progressive disease characterized by the overproduction of granulocytes.

CAS: 479-41-4
MF: C16H10N2O2
MW: 262.26
EINECS: 610-392-0

Synonyms
[2,3'-Biindolinylidene]-2',3-dione;Indirubin (Synthetic), >=98%;Indirubin/Folium Isatidis Extract;2H-Indol-2-one, 3-(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-2H-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dihydro-;Nsc105327;INDIRUBIN (RG);(E)-3-(3-oxoindolin-2-ylidene)indolin-2-one;3-(1,3-dihydro-3-oxo-2h-indol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dihydro-

A further alkaloid isolated from the matured fruit of Couroupita guianensis, this base forms red crystals from EtOH and melts above 340°C.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract forms the Nacetyl derivative, m.p. 186°C.
The full structure has not yet been established.

History
The report in 1951 showed that indirubin can inhibit eosinophils in the blood of guinea pigs. But this report did not attract attention.
Indirubin is the effective component of the traditional Chinese medicine Angelica aloe pill.
Since 1966, the scientists in the Institute of Hematonosis, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research, started the research of therapying chronic myelocytic leukemia with the TCM rules using Angelica aloe pills, which had certain effect.
Angelica aloe pill consisted of 11 herbs, such as Angelica, Aloe, Rhizoma Coptidis, and natural indigo.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract was identified that natural indigo was the effective component of Angelica aloe pill.
However, the active ingredient of natural indigo was indirubin.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract is a novel antileukemia drug, which was found by the medical scientists in China in the middle of the 1970s.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract has the effects of antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antitumor, and enhancing immune functions.

Isatis tinctoria Root extract has been applied to the clinical treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract has the characteristics of reliable clinical curative effect, small side effects, and no obvious inhibitory effect on the bone marrow.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract is a primary reference substance with assigned absolute purity (considering chromatographic purity, water, residual solvents, inorganic impurities).
The exact value can be found on the certificate.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract is a chemical compound that belongs to the indole family.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract has been studied for its anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties.
These products are aimed at life science researchers who need high quality ready-to-use products for assay development, screening or other R&D work.

Isatis tinctoria Root extract Chemical Properties
Melting point: 350°C(lit.)
Boiling point: 496.6±45.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.417±0.06 g/cm3(Predicted)
Storage temp.: -20°C
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Very Slightly, Heated)
Pka: 9.13±0.20(Predicted)
Form: Purple powder.
Color: Very Dark Red
λmax: 540nm(DMSO)(lit.)
InChI: InChI=1S/C16H10N2O2/c19-15-10-6-2-4-8-12(10)17-14(15)13-9-5-1-3-7-11(9)18-16(13)20/h1-8,17H,(H,18,20)
InChIKey: CRDNMYFJWFXOCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS DataBase Reference: 479-41-4(CAS DataBase Reference)

Appearance: dark red acicular crystal with sublimate, odorless, and tasteless.
Solubility: slightly soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or tetrahydrofuran, very slightly soluble in chloroform or acetone, and insoluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, or water.
Melting point: 348–353 °C.
The stability of indirubin is poor that Isatis tinctoria Root extract needs to be stored away from light and thermal environment.

Uses
Isatis tinctoria Root extract is a purple 3,2-bisindole derivative and was shown to exhibit inhibitory allergic contact dermatitis via regulating T helper (Th)-mediated immune system in DNCB-induced model.
A possible glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor the active component of a traditional Congolese antiepilepsy treatment.

Pharmacology
The effect of Isatis tinctoria Root extract has anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, detoxification, enhancing immune function anticancer.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract has moderate inhibitory effect for animal-transplanted tumor.
200 mg/kg indirubin subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection, once daily for 6 consecutive days, had the inhibition effect to rat W256 tumor cancer sarcoma; the inhibition rates were 47–52% and 50–58%, respectively.
The chemotherapy index of intraperitoneal injection was 2.23.
However, the inhibition rate of 500mg/kg indirubin by gavage was only 23–33%.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract by perfusion can prolong the survival time of W526 rat.
The inhibition rate of Lewis mice’s lung cancer was 43% for 500?mg/kg indirubin orally, once a day for 9–10days.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract has some inhibition effects on mice breast cancer, but no obvious effect for L1212, P388, and L1210 of lymphocytic leukemia in mice.
The effect of Isatis tinctoria Root extract on chronic myelogenous leukemia is very obvious, which is similar to first clinical choice of Maryland.

Isatis tinctoria Root extract has the advantages of fast curative effect, no obvious inhibition effect of the bone, small bone marrow toxicity, and low side effects.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract may have the effect of improving adrenocorticotropic hormone.
In pathological conditions, such as inflammatory diarrhea, protein metabolism disorder, kidney disease, leukemia, and other tumors, urinary excretion of indirubin increased.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract can inhibit synthesis of DNA and destroy the leukemia cells.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract was found by electron microscopy that juvenile cells reduced, even disappear completely, with indirubin administration.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract can significantly reduce the size of spleen, increase the concentration of hemoglobin to normal level, and reduce the swelling liver.
In addition, Isatis tinctoria Root extract can also enhance the phagocytic ability of animal mononuclear macrophages, which play a role in body immune reaction.
So the anticancer effect of Isatis tinctoria Root extract may be related to improving the body’s immunity.

Clinical Use
Isatis tinctoria Root extract is mainly used for chronic myeloid leukemia; its total effective rate was 87.3%.
The effect of Isatis tinctoria Root extract to decrease white blood cells is similar to Maryland.
The effect of Isatis tinctoria Root extract to reduce liver is better than that of Maryland.
But the remission role of the blood and bone marrow is worse than Maryland, and no cross resistance with Maryland.
Isatis tinctoria Root extract could be used for abnormal bone marrow hyperplasia and eosinophilia.

Isethionate is a white water-soluble solid used in the manufacture of certain surfactants and in the industrial production of taurine.
Isethionate is an organosulfur compound containing an alkylsulfonic acid located beta to a hydroxy group.
Isethionate is the trivial name for 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid which is the parent compound of sodium isethionate.

CAS Number: 107-36-8
Molecular Formula: C2H6O4S
Molecular Weight: 126.13
EINECS Number: 203-484-3

Isethionate is most commonly available in the form of its sodium salt (sodium isethionate).
Isethionate, the ethyl chain sulfonic acid containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble, strongly acidic liquid; used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel.

Isethionate is prepared by the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite solution.
Isethionate is a combination of a type of sulphonic acid called Isethionic Acid and a fatty acid or sodium salt ester which is derived from coconut oil.
Isethionate Powder is a particularly mild surfactant derived from coconut.

Isethionate is known to be non-allergic, non-irritating and non-toxic, hence used in a wide range of beauty products and toiletries.
Isethionate, also known as 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate or 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as organosulfonic acids.
Organosulfonic acids are compounds containing the sulfonic acid group, which has the general structure RS(=O)2OH (R is not a hydrogen atom).

Isethionate exists as a solid, soluble (in water), and an extremely strong acidic compound (based on its pKa).
Isethionate has been primarily detected in urine.
Within the cell, Isethionate is primarily located in the cytoplasm.

Isethionate is an alkanesulfonic acid in which the sulfo group is directly linked to a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
Isethionate has a role as a human metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of an isethionate.
Isethionate a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.

Isethionates are esters of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (C8 – C18) with isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid) or salts thereof, such as ammonium isethionate or sodium isethionate.
They are also referred to as acyl isethionates or acyloxyethanesulfonates.
Isethionate refers to a type of chemical compound that contains the isethionate ion.

The isethionate ion is derived from isethionic acid, a sulfonic acid with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)2CH(NHSO3H)CO2H.
The corresponding isethionate ion is often written as CH3(CH2)2CH(NHSO3-)CO2-, where the negative charge is localized on the oxygen atom.
Isethionate compounds are commonly used in personal care and cosmetic products due to their mild and gentle cleansing properties.

Isethionate, for example, is a water-soluble salt derived from isethionic acid and is often used in formulations for shampoos, body washes, and other cleansing products.
The isethionate group in these compounds provides a sulfate-free alternative for cleansing, which can be milder on the skin and hair compared to traditional sulfate-based surfactants.
Isethionates are known for their ability to produce a creamy lather and effective cleansing while being less harsh, making them suitable for individuals with sensitive skin.

Isethionate is discovery is generally attributed to Heinrich Gustav Magnus, who prepared it by the action of solid sulfur trioxide on ethanol in 1833.
Like the taurides, isethionates are a class of particularly mild anionic surfactants which, unlike ordinary soaps, retain their washing-active properties even in hard water.

Isethionates are obtained on an industrial scale reacting mixtures of carboxylic acids with salts of isethionic acid under acidic catalysis e. g. with methanesulfonic acid.
The mixtures of carboxylic acids are obtained from the hydrolysis of animal fats (tallow) or vegetable oils, preferably coconut oil, but also palm oil, soybean oil or castor oil.

Isethionate is known for its mild and gentle cleansing properties.
Isethionate is a chemical compound commonly used in the formulation of personal care and cosmetic products, especially in skincare, haircare, and bath products.
Isethionate is used as a cleansing agent in many skincare, haircare, cleaning products.

Isethionate effectively removes dirt, oils, and impurities from the skin and hair without causing excessive dryness or irritation, making it suitable for sensitive skin types.
Isethionate has the ability to create a rich and stable lather in products like shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers, enhancing the overall user experience.
Isethionate is considered to be biodegradable, which means it can break down in the environment over time, making it a more environmentally friendly choice compared to some other surfactants.

Isethionate is derived from coconut oil, which is a natural source, and this can be an appealing feature for consumers looking for more natural or plant-based ingredients in their personal care products.
Isethionate is less likely to cause skin and eye irritation compared to harsher surfactants, which makes it a preferred choice for products intended for sensitive skin or for use on the face.
Isethionate is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, making it suitable for use in various product formulations.

Isethionate can be used in various types of personal care products, including shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, bar soaps, solid shampoo bars, baby care products, and more.
Isethionate is often used in solid formulations like shampoo bars and soap bars, contributing to their stability and effectiveness.
In addition to its cleansing abilities, Isethionate can also act as an emulsifier, helping to mix and stabilize oil and water-based ingredients in products.

Many manufacturers prioritize responsibly sourced ingredients, and Isethionate can be sourced sustainably, aligning with environmentally conscious practices.
Isethionates are solids which are often mixed with fatty acids (up to 30% by weight) to lower their freezing point.
Despite its low water solubility (100ppm at 25 °C), the lower-priced Isethionate has found more widespread use than its well water-soluble ammonium salt (> 25 wt.% at 25 °C).

To solubilize the sparsely soluble isethionates and taurides, the formation of mixtures with amphoteric surfactants (such as cocamidopropyl betaine) are proposed.
From such mixtures, Isethionate is possible to prepare liquid, clear and transparent aqueous concentrates which are liquid at room temperature.
Isethionates are characterized by excellent skin compatibility, excellent foaming (even in hard water), good cleansing properties and a pleasant skin feel.

They are non-toxic and readily biodegradable.[citation needed] However, in contrast to the taurides, they are not long-term stable outside a pH range of 5 to 8.
Isethionates are used in solid soaps (so-called syndet bars) and in other personal care products such as lotions, washing and shower gels, shampoos, liquid soaps, shaving creams, and other cosmetic and dermatological preparations.
Isethionate is a mild surfactant specifically designed for use in personal cleansing products.

Isethionate is nearly salt-free and resistant to hard and salt water with high foaming properties.
Isethionate is compatible with soap and gives excellent lime-soap dispersibility in order to retard the formation of scum in bar soaps.
Isethionate is a fine, white powder, soluble in soft or hard water at all pHs.

Isethionate is stable in formulations at near-neutral pH and room temperature for extended periods of time but will gradually hydrolyze at elevated temperatures.
Isethionate is naturally derived from coconut and is considered ‘readily biodegradable’ according to OECD Guidelines.
Isethionate is considered a mild surfactant and is often used in soap bars, shampoos, and bubble baths and provides a dense, creamy lather.

Isethionate Raw Material is a surfactant made up of Isethionic Acid, a form of sulphonic acid, and the fatty acid – or sodium salt ester – produced from Coconut Oil.
Isethionate’s commonly referred to as Baby Foam because of its outstanding mildness.
Isethionate has long been used as a substitute for sodium salts obtained from animals, such as sheep and cattle.

Isethionate is a new generation surfactant that is salt and sulfate free, has excellent detergency, and is used as a gentle cleansing agent in several applications in hair and skin care like shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers.
Isethionate is a high foaming product that when used will provide dense, creamy lather to formulations.
Isethionate is a mild surfactant (cleansing agent) derived from isethionic acid and coconut fatty acids.

In its raw state, Isethionate usually appears as white granular solids.
Isethionate's created by combining sodium isethionate with coconut oil fatty acids.
Isethionate has been a predominant ingredient in syndet bar formulation for more than thirty years.

Although cost effective and well recognized for good skin compatibility, Isethionate is not regularly found in liquid detergent systems due to its limited solubility in water.
The solubility of Isethionate in water is unfavorable in terms of enthalpy of solvation.
When setting up equilibrium of solubilization, there are three possible phases, and three methods have been developed to prevent Isethionate from recrystallizing in aqueous solutions.

The first focuses on tying Isethionate ions within micelles made of secondary surfactants.
Isethionates are organic compounds which aid the blending of liquids which do not ordinarily mix, most obviously oil and water.
The isethionate has both a hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water fearing) element and is therefore attracted to water and oil alike.

Isethionate Powder is biodegradable, non-toxic and vegan friendly.
Isethionate can be used in personal care products as a gentle surfactant, helping to mix water with oil and dirt so they can be washed away, without stripping the skin's natural barrier.

Like many coconut-derived cleansers, Isethionate also contributes to lather, producing a luxurious creamy foam that does not dry out skin.
Isethionate is ultra-mild properties make it ideal for delicate or sensitive skin, and it is often used as a plant-based alternative to animal-derived sodium salts.

Melting point: Boiling point;: 226℃ at 101.3kPa
Density: 1.344 (estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5090 (estimate)
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Methanol (Slightly), Water (Soluble)
form: Colourless Solution
pka: 1.39±0.50(Predicted)
LogP: -1.65 at 25℃ and pH2
Dissociation constant: -1.68 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 107-36-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1

The original synthesis of the Isethionate, involving the reaction of sulfur trioxide with ethanol, has largely been replaced by more advanced methods.
An alternative production method involves the hydrolysis of carbyl sulfate, which is derived from the sulfonation of ethylene.
Besides its excellent water solubility and long-lasting foam, this ingredient is an incredibly mild surfactant, making it suitable even for sensitive skin; Not to be confused with similar-sounding sodium lauryl sulfate.

Isethionate is a natural product, pH stable (from 4.5 to 8.5). and is considered to be one of the safest on the market.
Commonly used in personal care products, sodium isethionate provides mild cleansing and lathering properties.
Isethionate is a specific type of isethionate surfactant that is often used in shampoos, body washes, and facial cleansers.

Derived from coconut oil, Isethionate is another variant used in cleansing products.
Isethionate is used as a fine white powder that has a mild scent.
Isethionate is a type of surfactant, which means it has the ability to lower the surface tension of liquids and enhance the spreadability of products.

This makes it useful for creating foaming and cleansing properties in various personal care products.
Isethionate's high foaming capacity maintains the moisture in skin.
Isethionate is a cleansing ingredient used in skincare and haircare formulations.

Isethionates are commonly used in the formulation of syndet bars, which are synthetic detergent bars that provide an alternative to traditional soap bars.
Syndet bars are known for being less harsh on the skin.
In facial cleansers and exfoliating products, isethionates contribute to a luxurious and creamy texture while ensuring effective cleansing without causing excessive dryness.

Isethionates are water-soluble, making them suitable for use in water-based cleansing products, where they can be easily incorporated into formulations.
Isethionates typically exhibit good pH stability, allowing them to maintain their effectiveness over a range of pH levels commonly found in personal care products.
Isethionate is derived from coconut oil.

Isethionate is primarily used in soaps, cleansers, shampoos, and cleansing products due to its surfactant abilities.
Isethionate is usually used in concentrations that range between 10-25%.
There are considered to be no issues with irritation, sensitivity, or toxicity at these concentrations.

Isethionate is a gentle surfactant derived from coconut oil that is commonly used in skincare and haircare products.
Isethionate is typically derived from coconut oil, hence the "cocoyl" part of its name.
Isethionate is a sodium salt produced from coconut oil.

Isethionate is a traditional substitute for sodium salts that are derived from animals, namely sheep and cattle.
Isethionate exhibits high foaming ability, producing a stable, rich and velvety lather that does not dehydrate the skin, making it ideal for addition to water-free products as well as skin care, hair care, and bath products.

Isethionate is an anionic compound and is also known as sodium isethionate.
Isethionate is also known as ‘Baby Foam’ because it is a surfactant which is exceptionally mild.
Isethionate is a fine white powder which has a mild odour.

One of the significant advantages of isethionates is that they provide sulfate-free cleansing. Sulfate-free formulations are often preferred by individuals with sensitive skin, as they are considered gentler.
Isethionate are commonly used in various hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners.
They help in cleaning the hair without stripping it of its natural oils.

In skincare products, such as facial cleansers and body washes, isethionates contribute to a gentle and effective cleansing experience.
Many isethionate surfactants are designed to be biodegradable, making them more environmentally friendly compared to some traditional surfactants.
Isethionates are often chosen for formulations in areas with hard water, as they tend to be more compatible and produce lather even in the presence of mineral ions.

This white, powdery substance has gained popularity due to its mild, non-irritating nature, making it suitable for a variety of personal care applications.
Isethionate is a sodium salt of the coconut fatty acid ester of isethionic acid.
Isethionate is an anionic surfactant, meaning it carries a negative charge that helps to create a lather and lift dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.

Isethionate, is a gentle surfactant which adds high foaming and cleansing properties to a cosmetic formula.
Isethionates are known for their mild surfactant properties.
They produce a rich, creamy lather that helps in the effective cleansing of skin and hair without causing excessive dryness or irritation.

The structure of isethionates, particularly the sulfosuccinate group, imparts unique characteristics to these surfactants, contributing to their mildness and versatility.
Cosmetic formulators appreciate isethionates for their flexibility in formulation, allowing the creation of products that meet the growing demand for milder and more skin-friendly cleansers.
Due to the increasing awareness of ingredient safety and consumer preferences for gentler formulations, isethionates have gained popularity in the personal care industry.

Due to their mild and gentle nature, isethionates are often included in baby care products, such as baby shampoos and washes, catering to the sensitive skin of infants.
In addition to personal care products, isethionates are sometimes used as detergent alternatives in household cleaning products, providing a milder option.
Formulations for cleansing wipes often include isethionates to provide effective cleaning in a convenient and portable format.

Isethionates can be compatible with conditioning agents, allowing formulators to create products that not only cleanse but also provide a conditioning effect on hair or skin.
Some isethionate formulations may include ingredients that contribute to hydration and moisturization, enhancing the overall skincare experience.
In response to consumer preferences for ethical and natural formulations, isethionates may be derived from natural sources or included in products that emphasize sustainability.

Isethionates contribute to the stability of formulations, helping to maintain the integrity of the product over time, particularly in terms of texture and performance.
Given their water-solubility and effective cleansing properties, isethionates are commonly used in rinse-off products that can be easily washed away with water.
Isethionate Powder, often called baby foam, is a specialty anionic powder surfactant made from all vegetable, renewable resources, primarily coconut.

Isethionate is used to impart extra mildness, good after feel, and good foaming in many personal care and cleansing products.
Isethionate powder is an excellent foamer in hard or soft water.
Isethionate is a naturally-derived ingredient that comes from the fatty acids that are present in isethionic acid and coconut oil.

Isethionate is well-suited for cleansing products designed for delicate areas of the body, such as the face and intimate hygiene products, where gentle yet effective cleaning is essential.
Isethionate can help reduce the potential for skin and scalp irritation, making it a preferred choice for individuals with conditions like eczema, psoriasis, or sensitive skin.
Isethionate has good rinse-off properties, which means it can be easily and thoroughly washed away, reducing the likelihood of product residue buildup on the skin or hair.

In finished cosmetic products, Isethionate is typically used at low concentrations and is considered to have low toxicity, minimizing the risk of adverse effects when used as directed.
Isethionate contributes to the smooth and creamy texture of certain personal care products, enhancing the overall feel and application.
In some formulations, isethionates may contribute to stabilizing fragrances, ensuring that the desired scent is maintained throughout the product's shelf life.

Uses:
Isethionate is a reactant in the synthesis of 4-substituted-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenezenesulfonamides as inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases I, II, VII, XII, and XIII.
Isethionate is used as a starting material in the industrial production of taurine.
Isethionate is used in “combo bar” applications at levels of 2 – 60% to provide lathering in hard or soft water similar to soaps in soft water.

Isethionate is dense lather is additive to that of soap. Such mixtures are mild to the skin and are relatively non-drying.
Isethionate is recommended for use in bubble baths as a high-foaming agent.
Isethionate provides longer-lasting suds, even in the presence of soap, and is mild to the skin.

Isethionate's often used in shampoos to create a creamy lather that helps cleanse the hair and scalp without stripping away natural oils excessively.
This makes Isethionate suitable for daily use and for people with sensitive scalps.
Isethionates solid form makes it suitable for creating solid cleansing bars and shampoo bars, which are convenient for travel and reduce the need for liquid products.

Isethionate can be used in products designed to have a creamy and moisturizing texture, helping to create a balance between cleansing and hydration.
In makeup removers, Isethionate assists in breaking down makeup products while being gentle on the skin around the eyes and face.
Isethionate is used in shampoos to create a rich lather, cleanse the hair and scalp, and remove dirt and excess oils.

Isethionate's found in body washes and shower gels to provide a foamy lather and gentle cleansing for the skin.
Isethionate can be found in natural, organic, and sulfate-free formulations as a milder alternative to traditional sulfate-based surfactants.
In body washes and shower gels, Isethionate produces a luxurious foam that effectively cleanses the skin without leaving it dry or irritated.

Isethionate's used in facial cleansers to remove makeup, dirt, and impurities from the skin while maintaining a gentle cleansing experience.
Isethionate is commonly used in shampoos to provide gentle cleansing for the hair without stripping away natural oils excessively.
In body washes and shower gels, isethionates contribute to a creamy lather, making the cleansing experience luxurious and mild on the skin.

Isethionates are included in facial cleansers to ensure effective removal of impurities from the face without causing irritation.
Due to their mild nature, isethionates are often used in baby shampoos, washes, and other skincare products catering to the delicate skin of infants.
Isethionates are key ingredients in syndet bars, synthetic detergent bars that serve as alternatives to traditional soap bars.

These bars offer a milder cleansing experience.
Formulations for cleansing wipes may include isethionates to provide convenient and effective cleaning on the go.
In liquid hand soaps and liquid body washes, isethionates contribute to the formation of a rich lather and effective cleansing.

Isethionates may be included in certain hair conditioners, contributing to the conditioning effect while maintaining a gentle cleansing action.
In some skincare formulations, isethionates may be used to provide mild cleansing properties in cream or lotion-based products.
Isethionate is used in facial cleansers to remove makeup, dirt, and oils from the face without causing irritation.

Isethionate's included in bar soaps to enhance lathering and cleansing properties.
In cream-based cleansers, Isethionate helps to emulsify and remove makeup and impurities from the skin.
Isethionate is used in baby shampoos, body washes, and other baby care products for gentle cleaning.

Products designed for sensitive skin often contain Isethionate due to its mild and non-irritating properties.
Isethionate is used in solid shampoo bars, creating a lather and effectively cleansing the hair.
In some toothpaste formulations, Isethionate acts as a foaming agent to enhance texture and user experience.

Isethionate's often used in shaving creams and foams to create a smooth and comfortable shaving experience, reducing irritation and razor burn.
Due to its mild nature, Isethionate's used in products for individuals with sensitive or easily irritated scalps, such as dandruff shampoos and scalp treatments.
Products formulated for individuals with sensitive skin often include isethionates as they are considered gentler compared to some traditional surfactants.

Hand wash formulations may include isethionates to provide effective cleansing while being mild on the hands.
Isethionates contribute to the formulation of bubble baths, creating a foamy and enjoyable bathing experience.
Some intimate hygiene products may include isethionates to provide a mild and gentle cleansing experience for sensitive areas.

In makeup remover formulations, isethionates can help in effectively removing makeup without causing irritation to the skin.
As consumer preferences shift towards ethical and natural products, isethionates may be included in formulations that emphasize sustainability and gentleness.
Isethionate can be used alone or with other surfactants.

Heating is not necessary, but Isethionate dissolves quite poorly in water.
Therefore, in most cases you can only use about 3-6% in your shampoo
In exfoliating cleansers, isethionates may be incorporated to provide both cleansing and exfoliation benefits, helping to remove dead skin cells gently.

Isethionates are utilized in anti-dandruff shampoos for their ability to cleanse the scalp effectively while being mild and gentle.
Some hair masks or treatments may include isethionates to offer a combination of deep conditioning and mild cleansing.
In certain sunscreen formulations, isethionates may be included to provide a mild cleansing component, especially in products designed for water resistance.

Isethionates contribute to the formulation of creamy and luxurious cleansing foams, providing an indulgent cleansing experience.
Due to their sulfate-free nature, isethionates are commonly used in formulations for sulfate-free or low-sulfate products, meeting the demand for milder alternatives.
Isethionates are often included in pH-balanced products to maintain the acidity level suitable for the skin and hair, preventing over-drying.

Compact and effective, isethionate-containing products are often found in travel-sized packaging, offering convenience for on-the-go cleansing.
In certain hand sanitizers, isethionates may be added to provide mild cleansing properties along with the antimicrobial effects of the sanitizer.
Isethionates can be used in the formulation of foaming bath oils, contributing to a luxurious bath experience while cleansing and moisturizing the skin.

Formulations for refreshing body washes may include isethionates to provide an invigorating and cleansing sensation during use.
Some pet shampoos use isethionates to provide a gentle and effective cleansing experience for the fur and skin of pets.
In leave-in hair products like detanglers or conditioning sprays, isethionates may be included for their mild cleansing properties.

Foaming hand cleansers, designed for quick and convenient hand cleansing, may contain isethionates for their foaming and mild cleansing capabilities.
Isethionate can contribute to the formulation of gentle exfoliating products that help remove dead skin cells without being overly abrasive.
Some pre-shave products, such as foams or gels, may incorporate isethionates to provide a mild and lubricating base for smoother shaving.

Isethionates may be used in cleansing conditioners, offering a dual-action product that cleanses the hair while providing conditioning benefits.
In oil-based cleansers, isethionates can be included to enhance the cleansing properties and facilitate the removal of makeup and impurities.
Foaming facial cleansers often contain isethionates to provide a lightweight and airy foam, ensuring effective yet gentle cleansing.

Formulations for shower foams may include isethionates to create a refreshing and invigorating cleansing experience.
In products designed to remove hair color, isethionates can aid in the gentle removal of color without causing excessive damage to the hair.
Isethionates may be included in clarifying shampoos to effectively remove product buildup and impurities without stripping the hair.

In body scrubs, isethionates can be used to create formulations that exfoliate the skin gently, leaving it smooth and refreshed.
Foaming hand wash formulations may utilize isethionates for their foaming properties and mild cleansing capabilities.
Some waterless cleansing products, such as cleansing wipes or foams, may contain isethionates for effective on-the-go cleansing.

Products designed to clean makeup brushes may include isethionates for their ability to remove makeup residues gently.
In scalp treatments or tonics, isethionates can contribute to formulations that refresh the scalp without causing irritation.
Products that undergo dermatological testing for sensitivity and mildness may include isethionates in their formulations.

Isethionates can be used in the formulation of cleansing balms, providing a gentle and effective way to remove makeup and impurities.
More is possible (up to about 15%), but then the end result is opaque.
In solutions it is recommended to use Isethionate around a neutral pH of 6-8. Incidentally, the pH of a solution of Isethionate can be somewhat lower, it is recommended to increase it by adding sodium bicarbonate, for example.

Safety profile:
Avoid contact with eyes, as isethionates can cause eye irritation.
In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water.
If irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Isethionate is generally mild, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to it.
Patch testing should be performed when formulating products, especially for individuals with known skin sensitivities.
Isethionate is considered to be more biodegradable compared to some other surfactants, its impact on the environment can still vary depending on factors such as formulation, usage, and disposal.

Some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to certain ingredients, including isethionates.
If skin irritation or rash occurs, discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional.
While personal care products are typically used in well-ventilated areas, prolonged and direct inhalation of concentrated vapors or mists should be avoided.

Personal care products are not meant to be ingested.
Ingesting these products, even in small amounts, can be harmful.
If ingested, seek medical attention immediately.

While isethionates are considered biodegradable, Isethionate's essential to follow proper disposal guidelines for personal care products to minimize environmental impact.
The safety of a product depends on its overall formulation and the specific concentrations of each ingredient.
Always follow usage instructions provided by the manufacturer.

Some ingredients may interact with isethionates, affecting their stability or performance.
Formulators should consider the compatibility of isethionates with other ingredients in a formulation.

Synonyms:
ISETHIONIC ACID
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid
107-36-8
2-Hydroxyethanesulphonic acid
2-Hydroxyethane-1-sulfonic acid
Hydroxyethylsulfonic acid
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-
Ethanolsulfonic acid
Isethionate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate
Caswell No. 502
(2-Hydroxyethyl)sulfonic acid
Kyselina isethionova
USAF DO-14
Kyselina isethionova [Czech]
2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 047701
BRN 1751214
Kyselina 2-hydroxyethansulfonova [Czech]
AI3-19644
Potassium isethionate
NSC-60516
97J3QN9884
2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonate
NSC1898
Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid(80% in water)
EINECS 203-484-3
NSC 60516
Ethanolsulfonate
Kyselina 2-hydroxyethansulfonova
UNII-97J3QN9884
8X3
Hydroxyethylsulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulphonate
(2-Hydroxyethyl)sulfonate
SCHEMBL827
WLN: WSQ2Q
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonicacid
bmse000242
bmse000819
2-oxidanylethanesulfonic acid
ISETHIONIC ACID [MI]
4-04-00-00084 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
beta-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid
CHEBI:1157
DTXSID1041427
SUMDYPCJJOFFON-UHFFFAOYSA-N
HY-Y0095
NSC60516
AC-538
MFCD00242599
AKOS006228878
CS-W019640
21561-88-6
AS-44331
PD040603
FT-0627313
Isethionic acid pound 80% in water pound(c)
C05123
EN300-243452
A801683
Q339734
W-108750
2-HYDROXYETHANESULPHONIC ACID (80% IN WATER)

ISETHIONATE


Isethionates are esters of long-chain aliphatic carboxylic acids (C8 – C18) with isethionic acid (2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid) or salts thereof, such as ammonium isethionate or sodium isethionate.
Isethionates are also referred to as acyl isethionates or acyloxyethanesulfonates.
Like the taurides, isethionates are a class of particularly mild anionic surfactants which, unlike ordinary soaps, retain their washing-active properties even in hard water.


Isethionates are obtained on an industrial scale reacting mixtures of carboxylic acids with salts of isethionic acid under acidic catalysis e. g. with methanesulfonic acid.
The mixtures of carboxylic acids are obtained from the hydrolysis of animal fats (tallow) or vegetable oils, preferably coconut oil, but also palm oil, soybean oil or castor oil.
Isethionates are solids which are often mixed with fatty acids (up to 30% by weight) to lower their freezing point.


Despite its low water solubility (100ppm at 25 °C), the lower-priced sodium cocoylisethionate has found more widespread use than its well water-soluble ammonium salt (> 25 wt.% at 25 °C).
To solubilize the sparsely soluble isethionates and taurides, the formation of mixtures with amphoteric surfactants (such as cocamidopropyl betaine) are proposed.
From such mixtures, it is possible to prepare liquid, clear and transparent aqueous concentrates which are liquid at room temperature.


Isethionates are characterized by excellent skin compatibility, excellent foaming (even in hard water), good cleansing properties and a pleasant skin feel.
Isethionates are non-toxic and readily biodegradable.
However, in contrast to the taurides, Isethionates are not long-term stable outside a pH range of 5 to 8.


name formula n Mol Wt CAS Number EC Number
Sodium butyl isethionate C6H11NaO5S 0 218.199 61789-32-0 263-052-5
Sodium capryloyl isethionate C10H19NaO5S 2 274.307 38207-61-3
Sodium caproyl isethionate C12H23NaO5S 3 302.361 29454-06-6 249-638-3
Sodium lauroyl isethionate C14H27NaO5S 4 330.415 7381-01-3 230-949-8
Sodium palmitoyl isethionate C18H35NaO5S 6 386.523 36915-65-8 253-273-5



SODIUM BUTYL ISETHIONATE
Sodium butyl isethionate is an anionic surfactant based on natural coconut oleic acid.
Sodium butyl isethionate is a mild, high foam personal wash product.
A cleansing agent that's claimed to be so gentle on the skin that Sodium butyl isethionate hardly impacts the skin barrier.
Sodium butyl isethionate also gives a rich, creamy foam.

Sodium butyl isethionate is based on vegetable fatty acids and is readily biodegradable.
Sodium butyl isethionate is an especially important and popular ingredient in "syndet bars" (or soapless soaps).
Thanks to the unique molecular characteristic of Sodium butyl isethionate, it has defined a new dimension in the mildness of cleansing bars.
Sodium butyl isethionate is a sulphate-free, mild anionic surfactant.

Derived from the fatty acids of coconut oil and isethionic acid, Sodium butyl isethionate has a very good foaming power.
Sodium butyl isethionate is found in natural products such as solid shampoos.
Sodium butyl isethionate has high foaming power, extreme mildness, and a soft and silky skin feel.
Sodium butyl isethionat foams excellently in even hard water, convinces with it's mild scent and is also called baby foam because of Sodium butyl isethionate's gentleness.

Sodium butyl isethionate is made from natural coconut oil and is completely biodegradable.
Sodium butyl isethionate is recommended for systems where a low percentage of fatty acids is needed, e.g. shampoos, bath and shower gels and liquid soaps.
Sodium butyl isethionate is soluble in some water.
Sodium butyl isethionate is soluble in surfactants (some formulations may require some heat)

Sodium butyl isethionate derived mild anionic surfactant with excellent cleansing properties, gives luxurious foam, provides a dense, creamy lather.
Sodium butyl isethionate is an anionic surfactant which is made from fatty acid of coconut oil, and has excellent moisturizing quality and mild cleansing quality.
Sodium butyl isethionate is effective in hard water and electrolyte solutions, and compatible with soap and glycerol.
Sodium butyl isethionate can be directly prepared via dehydration–condensation of fatty acids and sodium isethionate at a high temperature.



SODIUM LAUROYL ISETHIONATE
Sodium lauroyl isethionate is a sodium salt of the lauric acid ester of isethionic acid.
A unique surfactant, Sodium Lauroyl Isethionate, often known by the name "SLI," is a mild anionic surfactant, that is derived from coconut.
Sodium lauroyl isethionate is stable in aqueous formulations from pH 6-8 at ambient temperature.
Sodium lauroyl isethionate is used in a wide variety of skin and hair care products.

Sodium Lauroyl Isethionate (SLI) is a new generation surfactant that is salt and sulfate free, has excellent detergency, and is used as a gentle cleansing agent in several applications in hair and skin care like shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers.
Sodium lauroyl isethionate is a high foaming product that when used will provide dense, creamy lather to formulations.
Sodium lauroyl isethionate is naturally derived from fatty acids derived from coconut.

Sodium lauroyl isethionate is used in many products where a formulator wants a naturally derived and biodegradable profile.
This "chunk" version of Sodium lauroyl isethionate can be used in several ways - it can be melted, or easily dissolved in other base surfactants or polysorbates or glycerin.
Sodium lauroyl isethionate is used in a wide variety of products soap, bath bombs, bubble bars, shampoo and conditioner bars, and shampoo and body washes.
Sodium lauroyl isethionate has limited solubility in soft and hard water, however it can be dispersed in water.
This form of Sodium lauroyl isethionate, a chunk, does not contribute to dusting that can be seen with products in powder form.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ISETHIONATE:
Isethionates are used in solid soaps (so-called syndet bars) and in other personal care products such as lotions, washing and shower gels, shampoos, liquid soaps, shaving creams, and other cosmetic and dermatological preparations.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organic salt and an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and daily chemicals.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is synthesis principle is the condensation reaction between sodium bisulfite and ethylene oxide to produce sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate.

CAS Number: 1562-00-1
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 148.11
EINECS Number: 216-343-6

Isethionic acid sodium salt is synthesized by the condensation reaction of sodium bisulfite and ethylene oxide.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is the sodium salt of isethionic acid.
Isethionic acid sodium salt, also known as 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, is an organosulfur compound with the molecular formula C2H5NaO4S.

The sodium salt of Isethionic acid is formed by neutralizing isethionic acid with sodium hydroxide.
The chemical structure of Isethionic acid sodium salt includes a hydroxyl group (OH) and a sulfonic acid group (SO3H).
The sodium salt form is often used in various applications, primarily in the cosmetic and personal care industry.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is commonly referred to as sodium isethionate.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is also used for the treatment of water-vapor related respiratory problems and cataracts, as well as for the prevention of renal stone formation.
This drug is made through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of taurine in reaction solution with phosphorus pentoxide.

Isethionic acid sodium salt has been shown to increase locomotor activity in rats by improving their biochemical properties.
Isethionic acid sodium salt binds to the chloride ion receptor site on the Na+/K+ ATPase, causing an inhibition of the enzyme's function.
Isethionic acid sodium salt, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H5NaO4S.

The chemical structure of isethionic acid includes a hydroxyl group (OH) and a sulfonic acid group (SO3H).
Isethionic acid sodium salts are organic compounds which aid the blending of liquids which do not ordinarily mix, most obviously oil and water.
The isethionate has both a hydrophilic (water-loving) and hydrophobic (water fearing) element and is therefore attracted to water and oil alike.

Isethionic acid sodium salt Powder is biodegradable, non-toxic and vegan friendly.
Alongside its binding potential Isethionic acid sodium salt can attract dirt from the skin and hair which can then be washed off with water.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is very gentle on the skin and scalp and suitable for all skin types including infants.

Isethionic acid sodium salt high-performance surfactant, which is equally effective in both hard and soft water, is a popular choice for addition to liquid shampoos and bar shampoos, liquid soaps and bar soaps, bath butters and bath bombs, and to shower gels, to name a few foaming products.
The odour of Isethionic acid sodium salt can vary batch to batch, our last batch had little odour, this new batch has some odour.

In tests Fragrance Oil covers any odour however weaker Essential Oils such as Grapefruit and Citrus may not entirely cover the odour of the Isethionic acid sodium salt.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a surfactant, meaning it has both hydrophilic (water-attracting) and lipophilic (oil-attracting) properties.
This makes it effective in emulsifying and removing dirt and oils from surfaces, such as skin and hair.

One of the key characteristics of Isethionic acid sodium salt is its mildness.
This makes it suitable for use in formulations intended for individuals with sensitive skin, including baby care products.
Isethionic acid sodium salt contributes to the formation of a stable lather in personal care products like shampoos and body washes.

This lathering effect enhances the application and cleansing experience.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients, providing formulators with flexibility in creating diverse formulations.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is often used in the production of solid formulations such as syndet bars (synthetic detergent bars).

These bars are known for being milder than traditional soap bars.
Isethionic acid sodium salt can be used to adjust and stabilize the pH of cosmetic formulations.
Maintaining the appropriate pH is crucial for the stability and performance of many personal care products.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is generally considered biodegradable, which is a positive factor in terms of environmental impact.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is use in shampoos, sodium isethionate may be included in hair care products for its cleansing and conditioning properties.
Beyond personal care, Isethionic acid sodium salt can also be used in detergent formulations due to its surfactant characteristics.

Manufacturers need to ensure that their formulations containing Isethionic acid sodium salt comply with relevant cosmetic regulations and safety standards in the regions where the products are sold.
Isethionic acid sodium salt contributes to the stability of formulations, helping to prevent changes in texture or appearance over time.
This stability is important for the shelf life of products.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is used as a surfactant or co-surfactant (for cleansing properties and lather) in products such as shampoos, shampoo bars, body washes, and hand soaps.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used as a fine white powder that has a mild scent.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a type of surfactant, which means it has the ability to lower the surface tension of liquids and enhance the spreadability of products.

This makes it useful for creating foaming and cleansing properties in various personal care products.
Isethionic acid sodium salt's high foaming capacity maintains the moisture in skin.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a cleansing ingredient used in skincare and haircare formulations.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products, particularly in soap and detergent formulations.
Isethionic acid sodium salt functions as a surfactant, which means it helps to reduce the surface tension of liquids and allows them to spread more easily.
In skincare products, Isethionic acid sodium salt can contribute to the formation of a stable lather and enhance the cleansing properties of the product.

Isethionic acid sodium salt, short chain alkane sulfonate containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble, strongly acidic liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is the trivial name for 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid which is the parent compound of sodium isethionate.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is prepared by the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite solution.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is the sodium salt of 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid (isethionic acid), it is used as a hydrophilic head group in washing-active surfactants, known as isethionates (acyloxyethanesulfonates) due to its strong polarity and resistance to multivalent ions.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is being studied as a high production volume chemical in the "High Production Volume (HPV) Chemical Challenge Program" of the US Environmental Protection Ministry EPA.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is also known as ‘Baby Foam’ because it is a surfactant which is exceptionally mild.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is a fine white powder which has a mild odour.
This white, powdery substance has gained popularity due to its mild, non-irritating nature, making it suitable for a variety of personal care applications.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a sodium salt of the coconut fatty acid ester of isethionic acid.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is an anionic surfactant, meaning it carries a negative charge that helps to create a lather and lift dirt, oil, and impurities from the skin and hair.
Isethionic acid sodium salt also known as SCI, is a gentle surfactant which adds high foaming and cleansing properties to a cosmetic formula.
Isethionic acid sodium salt typically comes in flake, noodle or powder form.

Isethionic acid sodium salt Raw Material is a surfactant that is comprised of a type of sulphonic acid called Isethionic Acid as well as the fatty acid – or sodium salt ester – obtained from Coconut Oil.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a popular substitute for animal-derived sodium salts, such as sodium tallowate, which comes from cattle and sheep.
Isethionic acid sodium salt help to lift oil and dirt from the skin allows it to be washed away.

This is why Isethionic acid sodium salt can be found in products that help to cleanse the skin and hair.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a sodium salt ester, or a fatty acid derived from coconut oil.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organosulfur compound containing an alkylsulfonic acid located beta to a hydroxy group.

Isethionic acid sodium salts discovery is generally attributed to Heinrich Gustav Magnus, who prepared it by the action of solid sulfur trioxide on ethanol in 1833.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a white water-soluble solid used in the manufacture of certain surfactants and in the industrial production of taurine.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is most commonly available in the form of its sodium salt (sodium isethionate).

Isethionic acid sodium salt is often used in combination with other surfactants or ingredients to achieve synergistic effects.
Formulators may combine it with other cleansing agents or conditioning agents to enhance the overall performance of a product.
Isethionic acid sodium salt contributes to the foaming properties of cosmetic products.

The ability to create a rich and stable foam is desirable in many personal care applications, such as shampoos and body washes.
In emulsion formulations, where water and oil need to be stabilized, Isethionic acid sodium salt can serve as a stabilizing agent.
This helps prevent the separation of the water and oil phases in the product.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is often more compatible with hard water compared to certain other surfactants.
This property is significant in areas where hard water is prevalent.
Due to its mild nature, Isethionic acid sodium salt is commonly used in facial cleansers and skincare products.

Isethionic acid sodium salt contributes to effective cleansing without causing excessive dryness.
As consumer awareness about cosmetic ingredients grows, manufacturers may highlight the presence of Isethionic acid sodium salt in their products to convey transparency about formulation choices.
With the increasing emphasis on sustainability and ethical sourcing, manufacturers may explore sustainable sources or production methods for sodium isethionate.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is typically synthesized by the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite.
The manufacturing process and purity of the raw materials are crucial for ensuring the quality of the final product.
Before a product containing Isethionic acid sodium salt is introduced to the market, it may undergo clinical testing to assess its safety and performance under real-world conditions.

The sensory experience of using a product, influenced by factors like fragrance, texture, and lather, plays a role in consumer acceptance.
Isethionic acid sodium salt can contribute to the overall sensory appeal of a product.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is utilized by cosmetic and personal care product manufacturers globally, contributing to its widespread presence in a variety of formulations.

Spectrum Chemical manufactures and distributes fine chemicals with quality can count on including those with CAS number 1562-00-1, Whether call it Isethionic Acid Sodium Salt, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt or Sodium Isethionate can be assured the Isethionic Acid Sodium Salt products offered by Spectrum, meet or exceed the grade requirements or specifications for each individual product.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.

Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize Isethionic acid sodium salt via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.
Isethionic acid sodium salt via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.

Isethionic acid sodium salt can be found in both human plasma and urine.
Higher plasma levels of Isethionic acid sodium salt have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Melting point: 191-194 °C(lit.)
Density: 1762.7[at 20℃]
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Fine Powder
color: White
PH: 7.0-11.0 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
BRN: 3633992
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
LogP: -4.6 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 1562-00-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores 1

When used in hair care products, Isethionic acid sodium salt may work synergistically with conditioning agents to provide a balance between cleansing and conditioning.
In certain formulations, Isethionic acid sodium salt can act as a gelling agent, contributing to the texture and consistency of the product.
Isethionic acid sodium salt's versatility extends to its compatibility with various formulation types, such as liquid cleansers, solid bars, shampoos, and other personal care products.

Isethionic acid sodium salt's antistatic properties are valuable in hair care products.
Isethionic acid sodium salt helps reduce static electricity, making hair more manageable and less prone to frizz.
In addition to its role as a surfactant, Isethionic acid sodium salt can influence the texture of cosmetic products, contributing to the overall feel and viscosity of formulations.

Some dermatological products, such as medicated cleansers or acne treatments, may include Isethionic acid sodium salt for its cleansing properties while maintaining a mild formulation suitable for sensitive skin.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is generally compatible with various fragrances, allowing formulators to incorporate scents into products without compromising stability or performance.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is highly soluble in water, making it suitable for formulations where water solubility is a critical factor.

The stability of Isethionic acid sodium salt in different formulations, including liquid cleansers, solid bars, and creams, adds to its versatility as a cosmetic ingredient.
Isethionic acid sodium salt may contribute to the conditioning of hair, helping to improve its texture and manageability.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is known for its optical brightening properties, which can contribute to the visual appearance of certain formulations.

Manufacturers may provide educational information to consumers about the benefits and properties of Isethionic acid sodium salt as part of ingredient transparency initiatives.
Ongoing research in cosmetic science may lead to further discoveries regarding the properties and potential applications of Isethionic acid sodium salt.
In addition to its cleansing properties, Isethionic acid sodium salt can contribute to a pleasant skin feel in cosmetic formulations, enhancing the overall sensory experience of the product.

As consumer demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products increases, there may be ongoing efforts within the industry to explore and develop more sustainable alternatives or production methods for ingredients like sodium isethionate.
The production of Isethionic acid sodium salt involves the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite.
Understanding the manufacturing process is crucial for ensuring the quality and purity of the final ingredient.

Ongoing research in the cosmetic and personal care industry may lead to the exploration of alternative ingredients with similar or improved properties compared to Isethionic acid sodium salt.
As consumers become more informed about the ingredients in personal care products, there may be an increased emphasis on providing transparent information about the purpose and safety of ingredients like Isethionic acid sodium salt.
Isethionic acid sodium salt contributes to the stability of formulations by preventing phase separation or changes in texture over time, enhancing the overall shelf life of the product.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is recognized by its International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name, which is the standardized system for naming cosmetic ingredients globally.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is considered hypoallergenic, which means it is less likely to trigger allergic reactions in most individuals.
Isethionic acid sodium salt acts as a foam booster in formulations, contributing to a luxurious and satisfying lather in products like foaming cleansers.

Isethionic acid sodium salt manufacturers offer cruelty-free and vegan-friendly versions of the ingredient, catering to consumers who prioritize ethical and sustainable choices.
These fatty acids are reacted with Isethionic acid sodium salt and the mixture is heated to remove any water left behind.
In its raw form, Isethionic acid sodium salt appears as a fine white powder.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is considered more environmentally friendly compared to some other surfactants, as it can biodegrade more readily.
Isethionic acid sodium salt helps remove dirt, oils, and impurities from the skin or hair without excessively stripping away natural oils, which can help maintain skin and hair hydration.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is seen as an ingredient in a variety of soaps and cleansing products.

This powerful ingredient is common in many soaps and cleansers as it effectively washes away dirt and oil without leading to dryness or irritation.
The mixture is then heated to remove extra water as well as distilled to remove any unnecessary fatty acids.
As a surfactant, Isethionic acid sodium salt creates a wet feeling, it solubilizes oils and reduces surface tension, and can aid in foaming as well.

Formulators may need to consider the compatibility of Isethionic acid sodium salt with different packaging materials to ensure the stability and integrity of the product during storage and use.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is a water-soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable, and high-foaming anionic surfactants.
These surfactants provide gentle cleansing and a soft skin feel.
Isethionic acid sodium salt forms a colourless, syrupy, and strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is frequently used in the industrial production of taurine.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organosulfur compound.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species.

Isethionic acid sodium salt can be incorporated into formulations for cleansing wipes, providing a convenient and portable solution for on-the-go cleansing.
Due to its mild nature, Isethionic acid sodium salt may find applications in formulations for eye makeup removers or other products designed for the delicate eye area.
In formulations containing active ingredients like vitamins or botanical extracts, Isethionic acid sodium salt can play a role in stabilizing the overall product.

Isethionic acid sodium salt can influence the rheological properties of formulations, affecting factors such as flow, viscosity, and texture.
Isethionic acid sodium salt Manufacturers may explore combining sodium isethionate with natural or organic ingredients to create formulations that appeal to consumers seeking natural or eco-friendly options.
Isethionic acid sodium salt contributes to the rinse-off characteristics of formulations, ensuring that the product is easily and completely removed from the skin or hair during rinsing.

Isethionic acid sodium salt may be used in various men's grooming products, such as facial cleansers, shampoos, and shaving products, due to its versatile cleansing properties.
Isethionic acid sodium salt's ability to help stabilize and adjust pH makes it suitable for use in products that require a specific pH balance for optimal performance.
Isethionic acid sodium salt can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite.

In certain formulations, Isethionic acid sodium salt may be included in moisturizers and lotions to contribute to the overall texture and skin feel.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients, providing formulators with flexibility in creating diverse formulations.
Isethionic acid sodium salt may be included in formulations for cleansing wipes, providing a convenient solution for on-the-go cleansing.

Isethionic acid sodium salt can act as a stabilizing agent in emulsions, preventing the separation of water and oil phases in formulations like creams and lotions.
As the beauty industry emphasizes ethical and sustainable practices, Isethionic acid sodium salt may be used in formulations aligning with these principles.
With the rise in demand for sulfate-free products, Isethionic acid sodium salt may be used as a mild, sulfate-free surfactant in various formulations.

In products like exfoliating cleansers or scrubs, Isethionic acid sodium salt may contribute to the texture and effectiveness of the product.
Isethionic acid sodium salt can be included in exfoliating products like scrubs and cleansers to help remove dead skin cells and impurities while still maintaining a gentle cleansing action.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a good sulfate-free alternative for people who want to avoid commonly known surfactants such as sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS).

Uses:
Isethionic acid sodium salt can be found in cosmetic products like facial cleanser creams, makeup removers, and even in some toothpaste formulations for its foaming and cleaning properties.
Sodium isethionate is often used as a surfactant in various cleansing products, including facial cleansers, body washes, and hand soaps. It helps emulsify oils and remove dirt from the skin.
Due to its surfactant properties, Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in hair care products, providing a lathering effect in shampoos and contributing to the overall cleansing performance.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is a common ingredient in syndet bars (synthetic detergent bars), which are solid bars similar to soap but formulated to be milder and less drying.
In some toothpaste formulations, Isethionic acid sodium salt is included to enhance foaming and contribute to the cleaning properties of the toothpaste.
The mild and gentle nature of Isethionic acid sodium salt makes it suitable for use in baby care products, such as baby shampoos and washes.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in facial cleansers and exfoliating scrubs to provide effective cleansing without causing excessive irritation.
Its antistatic properties make sodium isethionate beneficial in hair care products, reducing static electricity and making hair more manageable.
Isethionic acid sodium salt can be used to adjust and stabilize the pH of formulations, ensuring that the product remains within the desired pH range.

Isethionic acid sodium salt's sometimes used in pet shampoos to provide a gentle cleansing action for pets' skin and fur.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in liquid hand soaps to create a foaming action that effectively cleanses the hands without overly drying the skin.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used as a surfactant-cleansing agent in cosmetic formulations.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is an amphoteric detergent used in detergent bar soaps. It makes a dense lather in addition to the lather made by the soap. It is mild on the skin, and non-drying. It works equally well in soft or hard water.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is also an anti-static agent in shampoos.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is an amphoteric detergent used in detergent bar soaps.
Isethionic acid sodium salt can act as a stabilizing agent in certain formulations, contributing to the overall stability and shelf life of the product.
The hydroxyl group in Isethionic acid sodium salt can contribute to the hydrating properties of formulations, making it suitable for use in moisturizing products.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, making it a versatile component in various formulations.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is often used in baby care products, such as baby shampoos and body washes, to provide a gentle cleansing experience for delicate skin.
Isethionic acid sodium salt can be included in facial cleansers and exfoliating scrubs to help cleanse the face and remove dead skin cells, contributing to a smoother complexion.

Isethionic acid sodium salt leaves the skin with a soft afterfeel, which is why it is sometimes referred to as "baby foam".
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an ingredient derived from coconut oil.
In cosmetics and personal care products, Isethionic acid sodium salt is used primarily in the preparation of bath soaps and cleansing products.

This ingredient is also used in the formulation of shampoos, tonics, dressings, other hair grooming aids and skin cleansing preparations.
Isethionic acid sodium salts gentle properties make it suitable for use in baby shampoos, body washes, and bath products.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is sometimes used in combination with other surfactants to achieve specific performance characteristics.

Isethionic acid sodium salt makes a dense lather in addition to the lather made by the soap.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is mild on the skin, and non-drying.
Isethionic acid sodium salt works equally well in soft or hard water.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is also an anti-static agent in shampoos.
Isethionic acid sodium salt works as an amphoteric detergent and can also be used as an intermediate in preparing surfactants derived from fatty acid sulfoalkyl esters (acyloxy ethane sulfonate).
Isethionic acid sodium salt increases the formulation's stability, improves the detergency in hard water, and is smooth to the skin.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in cleaning/washing agents, disinfectants, cosmetics, surface-active agents, shampoos, and bubble baths.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used as a key raw material in the manufacturing of Igepon type surfactants which are ethanesulfonated detergent bars.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pH regulators and water treatment products, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.

Release to the environment of Isethionic acid sodium salt can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, pharmaceuticals, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Isethionic acid sodium salt has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Isethionic acid sodium salt is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur and metals.
Release to the environment of Isethionic acid sodium salt can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Isethionic acid sodium salt can also be used as the intermediate of shampoo, paste shampoo & detergent in daily chemical industry.

Sodium isethionate can be found in various men's grooming products, including facial cleansers, shampoos, and shaving creams, contributing to the overall cleansing and foaming properties.
Due to its mild nature, Isethionic acid sodium salt may be used in dermatological products, such as medicated cleansers or formulations designed for sensitive skin conditions.
In addition to its role in shampoos, Isethionic acid sodium salt may be included in hair conditioners to contribute to the conditioning and detangling properties of the product.

Isethionic acid sodium salt is solubility in water and contribution to the rinsing properties make sodium isethionate suitable for use in various rinsing products, ensuring easy removal from the skin or hair.
Some hair styling products, such as mousses or styling creams, may contain Isethionic acid sodium salt to provide a combination of styling and cleansing effects.
Isethionic acid sodium salt's role in adjusting and stabilizing pH makes it valuable in skincare formulations, contributing to the overall balance of the product.

Beyond cleansing, Isethionic acid sodium salt can contribute to the creamy and luxurious texture of certain cosmetic products, enhancing the user experience.
In formulations where antimicrobial properties are desired, Isethionic acid sodium salt may be incorporated into cleansers to enhance the overall effectiveness.
Manufacturers may combine Isethionic acid sodium salt with natural or organic ingredients to create formulations that appeal to consumers seeking natural or eco-friendly options.

Before a product containing Isethionic acid sodium salt is introduced to the market, it may undergo clinical testing to assess its safety and performance under real-world conditions.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used as the pharmaceutical raw materials, the intermediate of fine chemical products.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a surfactant, so it is frequently used in cleansing products such as facial cleansers, body washes, and hand soaps.

Isethionic acid sodium salt helps in emulsifying oils and removing dirt from the skin.
Due to its mild cleansing properties, Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners.
Isethionic acid sodium salt contributes to the formation of a rich lather and aids in cleaning the hair and scalp.

Isethionic acid sodium salt works as an amphoteric detergent and can also be used as an intermediate in preparing surfactants derived from fatty acid sulfoalkyl esters (acyloxy ethane sulfonate).
Isethionic acid sodium salt is generally compatible with various fragrances, allowing formulators to incorporate scents into products without compromising stability or performance.
Some manufacturers may prioritize ethically sourced ingredients, and efforts may be made to ensure that Isethionic acid sodium salt is produced and sourced responsibly.

Ongoing innovation in the cosmetic industry may lead to the development of new products or formulations that leverage the unique properties of sodium isethionate.
Isethionic acid sodium salt may be included in certain sunscreen formulations, contributing to the overall texture and spreadability of the product.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is biodegradability and potential for use in sulfate-free formulations align with the industry's increasing focus on environmentally friendly and sustainable practices.

Isethionic acid sodium salt increases the formulation's stability, improves the detergency in hard water, and is smooth to the skin.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in cleaning/washing agents, disinfectants, cosmetics, surface-active agents, shampoos, and bubble baths.

Safety Profile:
While Isethionic acid sodium salt is known for its mildness, individuals with hypersensitive or allergic skin may still experience irritation.
Isethionic acid sodium salt's recommended to perform a patch test before widespread use, especially for products intended for sensitive areas like the face.
Care should be taken to avoid contact with the eyes, as surfactants, including Isethionic acid sodium salt, can cause irritation.

In case of contact, thorough rinsing with water is advisable.
Although uncommon, some individuals may be allergic or sensitive to specific ingredients, including those in formulations containing Isethionic acid sodium salt.
If irritation or an allergic reaction occurs, usage should be discontinued, and a healthcare professional may be consulted.

Isethionic acid sodium salt's advisable to conduct patch tests before widespread use, especially in products intended for sensitive areas like the face.
Products containing Isethionic acid sodium salt should comply with relevant regulatory guidelines and standards established by health authorities in different regions.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is known for its mildness, but like any cosmetic ingredient, it has the potential to cause irritation in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin.

Synonyms:
SODIUM ISETHIONATE
1562-00-1
Isethionic acid sodium salt
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt
Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sodium salt
DTXSID7027413
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)
3R36J71C17
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate; Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate; Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate
HSDB 5838
NSC-124283
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
C2H5NaO4S
EINECS 216-343-6
MFCD00007534
NSC 124283
sodium;2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
UNII-3R36J71C17
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt
2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate
EC 216-343-6
sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate
Isethionic acid, sodium salt
SCHEMBL125497
CHEMBL172191
DTXCID007413
ISETHIONATE, SODIUM SALT
Sodium 2-Hydroxy-Ethanesulfonate
SODIUM ISETHIONATE [HSDB]
SODIUM ISETHIONATE [INCI]
LADXKQRVAFSPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Isethionic acid sodium salt, 98%
HY-Y1173
2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid; sodium
Tox21_200227
AKOS015912506
NCGC00257781-01
CAS-1562-00-1
SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID
CS-0017163
FT-0627314
H0241
A809723
J-009283
Q1969744
F1905-7166

Isethionic acid sodium salt is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is mild on the skin, and non-drying.


CAS Number: 1562-00-1
EC Number: 216-343-6
MDL number: MFCD00007534
IUPAC Name: sodium;2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Linear Formula: HOCH2CH2SO3Na
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S


Isethionic acid sodium salt is an endogenous metabolite.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an amphoteric detergent used in detergent bar soaps.
Isethionic acid sodium salt makes a dense lather in addition to the lather made by the soap.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is mild on the skin, and non-drying.
Isethionic acid sodium salt works equally well in soft or hard water.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is also an anti-static agent in shampoos.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is soluble in water.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organic salt and an important intermediate of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and daily chemicals.


Isethionic acid sodium salt's synthesis principle is the condensation reaction between sodium bisulfite and ethylene oxide to produce sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an endogenous metabolite.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is a white water-soluble solid used in the manufacture of certain surfactants and in the industrial production of taurine.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is most commonly available in the form of its sodium salt (sodium isethionate).
Isethionic acid sodium salt is colorless acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is non flammable.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a short chain alkane sulfonate containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.
Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize Isethionic acid sodium salt via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.


Isethionic acid sodium salt can be found in both human plasma and urine.
Higher plasma levels of Isethionic acid sodium salt have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a white crystalline powder.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.



USES and APPLICATIONS of ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used as surfactant intermediates, daily chemical and pharmaceutical intermediates, etc
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used Soap for washing powder
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used Manufacture of mild, biodegradeble and high foaming anionic surfactants


Isethionic acid sodium salt is used raw material in manufacturing of lgepon type surfanctancts.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an amphoteric detergent used in detergent bar soaps.
Isethionic acid sodium salt makes a dense lather in addition to the lather made by the soap.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is mild on the skin, and non-drying.
Isethionic acid sodium salt works equally well in soft or hard water.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is also an anti-static agent in shampoos.


Isethionic acid sodium salt works as an amphoteric detergent and can also be used as an intermediate in preparing surfactants derived from fatty acid sulfoalkyl esters (acyloxy ethane sulfonate).
Isethionic acid sodium salt increases the formulation's stability, improves the detergency in hard water, and is smooth to the skin.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in cleaning/washing agents, disinfectants, cosmetics, surface-active agents, shampoos, and bubble baths.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used as a Raw material for surfactant / Texture modifier / Raw material for organic synthetic / Additive for quasi-drug.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an amphoteric detergent used in detergent bar soaps.


Isethionic acid sodium salt makes a dense lather in addition to the lather made by the soap.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used for wetting coal dust and as a sulfoethylating agent in organic synthesis.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is used in cleaning/washing agents, disinfectants, cosmetics, surface-active agents, shampoos, and bubble baths.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is a useful research chemical.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a short chain alkane sulfonate containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a drug that is used to treat metabolic disorders such as cystinuria and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is also used for the treatment of water-vapor related respiratory problems and cataracts, as well as for the prevention of renal stone formation.


Isethionic acid sodium salt is made through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of taurine in reaction solution with phosphorus pentoxide.
Isethionic acid sodium salt binds to the chloride ion receptor site on the Na+/K+ ATPase, causing an inhibition of the enzyme's function.


Isethionic acid sodium salt for synthesis is a high-quality product widely used in various industries.
Known for its superior quality and excellent performance, Isethionic acid sodium salt is extensively used in the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals for its exceptional properties and wide range of applications.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
Isethionic acid sodium salt is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
Isethionic acid sodium salt is an organic salt and an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and daily chemicals.



PREPARATION OF ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
Isethionic acid sodium salt is synthesized by the condensation reaction of sodium bisulfite and ethylene oxide.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
CAS Number: 1562-00-1
Molecular Weight: 148.11
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Appearance :Powder
Physical State :Solid
Storage :Store at room temperature
Melting Point :191-194° C (lit.)
Density : 1.76 g/cm3 at 20° C
CAS: 1562-00-1
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 148.108
MDL Number: MFCD00007534
InChI Key: LADXKQRVAFSPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Melting Point: 191-194 °C(lit.)
Boiling Point: N/A
Flash Point: N/A
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 148.113
Density: 1.625g/cm3
Molecular Weight: 148.12 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 147.98062409 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 147.98062409 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 85.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 122
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Molecular Weight: 148.11
Appearance: Solid
Formula: C2H5NaO4S
CAS No.: 1562-00-1
SMILES: OCCS(=O)(O[Na])=O
Shipping: Room temperature in continental US; may vary elsewhere.
Storage: Powder -20°C 3 years, 4°C 2 years
In solvent: -80°C 6 months, -20°C 1 month
CAS: 1562-00-1
MF: C2H5NaO4S
MW: 148.11
EINECS: 216-343-6
Melting point: 191-194 °C(lit.)
Usage: Cosmetic Raw Materials

Purity: 98%
storage temp: Store below +30°C.
Appearance: White powder or liquid
Appearance Form: crystalline
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 191 - 194 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable.
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 1,76 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility 534 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension 69,9 mN/m at 20 °C
Cat. No. : CS-0017163
CAS No. : 1562-00-1
MDL. : MFCD00007534
Formula: C2H5NaO4S
M. Wt. : 148,11
Solubility: H2O : 100 mg/mL (675.17 mM; Need ultrasonic)
SMILES : OCCS(=O)(O[Na])=O
Melting point: 191-194 °C(lit.)
Density: 1762.7[at 20℃]
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Fine Powder
color: White
PH: 7.0-11.0 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
BRN: 3633992

Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
LogP: -4.6 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 1562-00-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1
FDA UNII: 3R36J71C17
EPA Substance Registry System: Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt (1562-00-1)
Molecular Weight： 148.11
Exact Mass： 147.980621
BRN： 3633992
EC Number： 216-343-6
UNII： 3R36J71C17
DSSTox ID： DTXSID7027413
HScode： 29055910
PSA： 85.8
XLogP3： -0.39530
Appearance： White Fine Powder
Density： 1.625g/cm3

Melting Point： 192-194 °C
Water Solubility： H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Storage Conditions： Store below +30°C.
Synonyms: sodium;2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
IUPAC Name: sodium;2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Molecular Weight: 148.11
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Canonical SMILES: C(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])O.[Na+]
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H6O4S.Na/c3-1-2-7(4,5)6;/h3H,1-2H2,(H,4,5,6);/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey: LADXKQRVAFSPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Melting Point: 191-194 ℃
Purity: 95 %
Density: 1.625 g/cm3
Solubility: water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Appearance: Solid
Storage: Store in a tightly closed container.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Assay: 0.99
EINECS: 216-343-6
Log P: -0.39530
MDL: MFCD00007534
Stability: Stable.



FIRST AID MEASURES of ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P1
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 13: Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, sodium isethionate
isethionic acid sodium salt
2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate
ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-
monosodium salt, sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate
sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate
sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (SHES)
EINECS 216-343-6
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate
Sodiumhydroxyethylsulfonate
2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfo
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
MFCD00007534
Sodium isethionate
WSQ2Q &&Na salt
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt
2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
sodium salt of 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate
Sodium β-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Hydroxyethylsulfonic Acid Sodium Salt
Isethionic Acid,Sodium Salt
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sodium salt
sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulphonic acid, sodium salt
Isethionic acid sodium salt
ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate
EHS(Hydroxyl vinyl sulfonate, sodium salt)
SODIUM ISETHIONATE
1562-00-1
Isethionic acid sodium salt
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt
Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sodium salt
DTXSID7027413
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)
3R36J71C17
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate
HSDB 5838
NSC-124283
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
C2H5NaO4S
EINECS 216-343-6
MFCD00007534
NSC 124283
sodium;2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
UNII-3R36J71C17
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt
2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate
EC 216-343-6
sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate
Isethionic acid, sodium salt
SCHEMBL125497
CHEMBL172191
DTXCID007413
ISETHIONATE, SODIUM SALT
Sodium 2-Hydroxy-Ethanesulfonate
SODIUM ISETHIONATE [HSDB]
SODIUM ISETHIONATE [INCI]
LADXKQRVAFSPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Isethionic acid sodium salt, 98%
HY-Y1173
2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid; sodium
Tox21_200227
AKOS015912506
NCGC00257781-01
CAS-1562-00-1
SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID
CS-0017163
FT-0627314
H0241
A809723
J-009283
Q1969744
F1905-7166
sodium2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
sodiumbeta-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Ethanesulfonicacid,2-hydroxy-,monosodiumsalt
sodium2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethansulfonsure, Na-Salz
Hydroxyl vinyl sulfonate , sodium salt
2-Hydroxyethane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt
Isethionic acid, sodium salt,98%
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic Acid
Sodium Salt Isethionic Acid
Sodium Salt Sodium 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonate
SodiuM Isethionate (SI)
SodiuM isethionate (SHES)
Isethionic acid sodiuM salt 98%
2-Hydroxyethanesulfo
SODIUM ISETHIONATE
Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate
IsethionicAcidSodiumSalt,~97%
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM SALT
sodium lauroyl methyl isethionate
phonic acid
2-HydroxyethanesuL
ISETHIONIC ACID SODIUM
2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate
Sodiumhydroxyethylsulfonate
2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID
SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONATE
HYDROXYETHYLSULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT
Sodium isethionate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt
Isethionic acid sodium salt
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt
Sodium isethionate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium β-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Adeka Tec HES
Sodium hydroxyethanesulfonate
Hostapon SI
Isethionic acid sodium
MW 148
Ethanesulfonic acid,2-hydroxy-,sodium salt (1:1)
Ethanesulfonic acid,2-hydroxy-,monosodium salt
Isethionic acid sodium salt
Ethanesulfonic acid,2-hydroxy-,sodium salt
Sodium isethionate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium β-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Adeka Tec HES
Sodium hydroxyethanesulfonate
Hostapon SI
Isethionic acid sodium
MW 148
52117-27-8
78858-24-9
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt
Isethionic acid sodium salt
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethyl sulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethane-1-sulfonate
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium Isethionate
Isethionic acid sodium salt
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate

Isoadipate is a dry and light oil with low viscosity and provides a pleasant soft and non-greasy skin feel.
Isoadipate is perfectly suited for alcohol-water systems and reduces the dryness of alcohol-based formulations.
Isoadipate is a fatty acid ester and an isopropyl ester.

CAS: 6938-94-9
MF: C12H22O4
MW: 230.3
EINECS: 230-072-0

Synonyms
beta dia;betadia;Ceraphyl 230;ceraphyl230;Crodamol da;crodamolda;Diisopropyl hexanedioate;hexanedioicaciddiisopropylester;DIISOPROPYL ADIPATE;6938-94-9;Isopropyl adipate;Adipic acid diisopropyl ester;Ceraphyl 230;Adipic acid, diisopropyl ester;Prodipate;Crodamol DA;Standamul DIPA;Hexanedioic acid, bis(1-methylethyl) ester;Wickenol 116;beta dia;dipropan-2-yl hexanedioate;Schercemol DIA;Tegester 504-D;Iso-adipate 2/043700;1,6-bis(propan-2-yl) hexanedioate;NSC 56587;Bis(1-methylethyl)hexanedioate;bis(1-methylethyl) hexanedioate;MFCD00026391;P7E6YFV72X;DTXSID5027641;CHEBI:34711;Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-bis(1-methylethyl) ester;NSC-56587;Diisopropyl adipat;DISOPROPYL ADIPATE;EINECS 230-072-0;UNII-P7E6YFV72X;BRN 1785346;Diisopropyl adipat [IUPAC];AI3-06066;Diisopropyl ester;Unimate DIPA;.beta. dia;di-isopropyl adipate;Di-iso-propyl adipate;Diisopropyl hexanedioate #;EC 230-072-0;SCHEMBL15391;BIDD:ER0603;DTXCID507641;CERAPHYL 230 [VANDF];CHEMBL3184058;DIISOPROPYL ADIPATE [II];FEMA NO. 4474;WLN: 1Y1&OV4VOY1&1;NSC56587;Tox21_200462;LMFA07010790;STL453777;AKOS015839638;NCGC00248634-01;NCGC00258016-01;BS-42287;DA-54445;SY053047;CAS-6938-94-9;hexanedioic acid bis-(1-methylethyl) ester;HY-134098;A0654;CS-0138054;NS00009336;E81725;W-104631;Q21705003;Z1137991589

Isoadipate is a high-quality, emollient and solvent for lipophilic actives.
Isoadipate leaves the skin smooth and silky after application.
Due to its high spreading capacity, Isoadipate is very easy to distribute.
The oiliness is low during and after application.
Isoadipate provides pleasant soft and non-greasy skin feel.
Isoadipate shows excellent compatibility with hydroalcoholic systems.
Isoadipate reduces dryness of alcohol-based formulations.
Isoadipate is usable as softener in nail polish and hair sprays.
Isoadipate displays high solubilizing capability for oil-soluble UV-filters.
Isoadipate is particularly suitable for soft skin care products.
Isoadipate complies with China.
Isoadipate is a dry and light oil with low viscosity and provides a pleasant soft and non-greasy skin feel.
Isoadipate is perfectly suited for alcohol-water systems and reduces the dryness of alcohol-based formulations.

IsoadipateChemical Properties
Melting point: -1°C(lit.)
Boiling point: 120 °C
Density: 0,97 g/cm3
Vapor pressure: 0.26-5.946Pa at 20-25℃
FEMA: 4474 | DIISOPROPYL ADIPATE
Refractive index: 1.4220-1.4250
Fp: 124 °C
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Solubility: 1000g/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
Form: clear liquid
pka: 0[at 20 ℃]
Specific Gravity: 0.963～0.970 (20/4℃)
Color: Colorless to Almost colorless
Odor: at 100.00 %. mild estery fatty sour
Odor Type: estery
Water Solubility: 180-500mg/L at 25-26℃
JECFA Number: 1966
LogP: 3.389 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6938-94-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Isoadipate(6938-94-9)
EPA Substance Registry System: Isoadipate (6938-94-9)

BANANA OIL; ISOAMYL ACETATE, N° CAS : 123-92-2. Nom INCI : ISOAMYL ACETATE. Nom chimique : Isopentyl acetate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-662-3. Noms français : 3-METHYL-1-BUTYL ACETATE; 3-METHYLBUTYL ACETATE; 3-METHYLBUTYL ETHANOATE; ACETATE D'ISOAMYLE; ACETATE D'ISOPENTYLE; ACETATE DE METHYL-3 BUTYLE; ACETIC ACID 3-METHYLBUTYL ESTER ;Acétate d'isoamyle. Noms anglais : ACETIC ACID ISOAMYL ESTER; ACETIC ACID ISOPENTYL ESTER; BANANA OIL; Isoamyl acetate; ISOAMYL ACETIC ESTER; ISOAMYL ETHANOATE ISOPENTYL ACETATE; ISOPENTYL ALCOHOL, ACETATE; Pentyl acetate, all isomers [123-92-2]. Utilisation : L'acétate d'isoamyle a beaucoup d'applications industrielles, notamment : comme saveur artificielle de poire ou de banane dans les aliments, dans les produits pour masquer les odeurs, comme test qualitatif pour les appareils respiratoires (test de l'huile de banane) en tant que solvant pour des vernis et des laques, dans les vernis à ongles, dans les films photographiques

ISOAMYL ALLYLGLYCOLATE, N° CAS : 67634-00-8. Nom INCI : ISOAMYL ALLYLGLYCOLATE. Nom chimique : Acetic Acid, (3-Methylbutoxy), 2-Propenyl Ester, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 266-803-5 Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

ISOAMYL BUTYRATE, N° CAS : 106-27-4, Nom INCI : ISOAMYL BUTYRATE. Nom chimique : 3-Methylbutyl Butanoate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 203-380-8. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

ISOAMYL CINNAMATE, N° CAS : 7779-65-9. Nom INCI : ISOAMYL CINNAMATE, Nom chimique : 2-Propenoic Acid, 3-Phenyl-, 3-Methylbutyl Ester. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 231-931-2. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit

ISOAMYL LAURATE, N° CAS : 6309-51-9, Nom INCI : ISOAMYL LAURATE. Nom chimique : Isopentyl laurate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 228-626-1. Classification : Huile estérifiée. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Isoamyl Cocoate. ISOAMYL COCOATE is classified as : Emollient; Skin conditioning. Chem/IUPAC Name: Isoamyl Cocoate is the ester of isoamyl alcohol and Coconut Acid. It conforms to the formula: (structure)where RCO- represents the coconut acid radical.A natural emollient ester derived from sugar beets and coconut oil. It's a very light liquid that absorbs quickly into the skin and has a non-oily skin feel. Item Number:170595CAS Number:6309-51-9Mfr: APPEARANCE: COLORLESS TO YELLOWISH LIQUID WITH SLIGHT SPECIFIC ODOR DESCRIPTION: Is a very light emollient that is completely based on natural raw materials. It has a low viscosity, low oiliness and absorbs easily. It is produced by enzymatic catalyis.

ISOAMYL P-METHOXYCINNAMATE, N° CAS : 71617-10-2. Origine(s) : Synthétique. Nom INCI : ISOAMYL P-METHOXYCINNAMATE. Nom chimique : Isopentyl p-methoxycinnamate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 275-702-5. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Absorbant UV : Protège le produit cosmétique contre les effets de la lumière UV. Filtre UV : Permet de filtrer certains rayons UV afin de protéger la peau ou les cheveux des effets nocifs de ces rayons.

Isoamyl phenylacetate, also known as isopentyl phenylacetate or isoamyl phenyl acetate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C12H16O2.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is one of the volatile compounds found in apple pomace.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is often used in the fragrance and flavor industry due to its pleasant, fruity, and sweet aroma.

CAS Number: 102-19-2
Molecular Formula: C13H18O2
Molecular Weight: 206.28
EINECS Number: 203-012-6

Isoamyl phenylacetate, 102-19-2, Isopentyl phenylacetate, Isopentyl 2-phenylacetate, Benzeneacetic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester, 3-Methylbutyl phenylacetate, 3-methylbutyl 2-phenylacetate, Phenylacetic acid isoamyl ester, Phenylacetic acid, isopentyl ester, Isopentylphenylacetate, Isoamyl alpha-toluate, ACETIC ACID, PHENYL-, ISOPENTYL ESTER, 3-Methylbutyl benzeneacetate, FEMA No. 2081, NSC 60582, Isopentyl alcohol, phenylacetate, E5RHQ50DDC, NSC-60582, Phenylacetic acid, 3-methylbutyl ester, isoamyl phenyl acetate, EINECS 203-012-6, UNII-E5RHQ50DDC, BRN 1951778, AI3-36555, iso-Amyl phenylacetate, SCHEMBL996081, WLN: 1Y12OV1R, DTXSID2044501, FEMA 2081, CHEBI:191542, QWBQBUWZZBUFHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N, NSC60582, ISOAMYL PHENYLACETATE [FHFI], ISOAMYL PHENYL ACETATE [FCC], MFCD00026517, phenylacetic acid 3-methylbutyl ester, AKOS015890643, AS-75676, FT-0653077, P0123, D91902, W-108882, Q27276901, InChI=1/C13H18O2/c1-11(2)8-9-15-13(14)10-12-6-4-3-5-7-12/h3-7,11H,8-10H2,1-2H.

Isoamyl phenylacetate has a sweet, pleasant odor reminiscent of cocoa with a slight birch-tar undertone.
May be prepared by esterification of phenylacetic acid with isoamyl alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid; by heating benzyl nitrile and isoamyl alcohol in the presence of excess concentrated H2S04.
Isoamyl phenylacetate provides a fruity, banana-like scent with floral undertones.

Isoamyl phenylacetate belongs to the ester group of compounds and is derived from the reaction between isoamyl alcohol (also known as isopentyl alcohol) and phenylacetic acid.
Isoamyl phenylacetate, a phenethyl alcohol derivative, is commonly used as a flavor additive in tobacco.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is one of the volatile compounds found in apple pomace.

Isoamyl phenylacetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives.
These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on Isoamyl phenylacetate.

The structure of Isoamyl phenylacetate consists of an isoamyl group (an isomer of amyl group) and a phenylacetate group.
The isoamyl group is a five-carbon chain with a branching structure, and the phenylacetate group consists of a phenyl ring (an aromatic ring) attached to an acetate moiety.
Isoamyl phenylacetate has a sweet, pleasant odor reminiscent of cocoa with a slight birch-tar undertone.

May be prepared by esterification of phenylacetic acid with isoamyl alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid; by heating benzyl nitrile and isoamyl alcohol in the presence of excess concentrated H2S04.
Isoamyl phenylacetate, a phenethyl alcohol derivative, is commonly used as a flavor additive in tobacco.

As a result, isoamyl phenylacetate is utilized in the formulation of perfumes, colognes, and various scented products.
Additionally, Isoamyl phenylacetate may be employed as a flavoring agent in the food industry, contributing to the aroma of certain food products.
Isoamyl phenylacetate has a sweet, pleasant odor reminiscent of cocoa with a slight birch-tar undertone

Isoamyl phenylacetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives.
These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is a sweet, animal, and balsam tasting compound. 3-Methylbutyl phenylacetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within peppermints (Mentha X piperita).

This could make Isoamyl phenylacetate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on 3-Methylbutyl phenylacetate.
Isoamyl phenylacetate has a sweet, pleasant odor reminiscent of cocoa with a slight birch-tar undertone

Isoamyl phenylacetate is a chemical compound commonly used in the fragrance and flavor industry.
Isoamyl phenylacetate has a sweet, fruity, and floral aroma that resembles ripe bananas or pears.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is often used as an ingredient in perfumes, soaps, lotions, and other personal care products.

Isoamyl phenylacetate can also be utilized as a food additive to enhance the flavor of various food and beverage products.
Safety precautions should be taken when handling this compound, including the use of gloves and eye protection.
Isoamyl phenylacetate should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from sources of ignition or heat

Isoamyl phenylacetate is not directly found in large quantities in natural sources, some related compounds with similar aromatic characteristics are present in certain fruits.
These compounds contribute to the characteristic aroma of fruits and are often used as inspiration in the creation of synthetic fragrances.
The isoamyl group, also known as isopentyl group, is a branched alkyl group containing five carbon atoms.

The branching structure of this group contributes to the distinctive properties of isoamyl phenylacetate.
Isoamyl phenylacetate can be found in various cosmetic and personal care products, including lotions, creams, and hair care items, to add a pleasant and fruity scent to the products.
Perfumers often use Isoamyl phenylacetate in combination with other aroma compounds to create unique and complex fragrance profiles.

Isoamyl phenylacetate's fruity and floral notes make it a versatile ingredient in fragrance blends.
Fragrances, including those containing Isoamyl phenylacetate, can have a psychological impact on mood.
Fruity and floral scents are often associated with feelings of freshness and positivity, contributing to the overall sensory experience.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is commonly used in a variety of consumer products, including air fresheners, fabric softeners, and scented candles, to enhance the aroma and create a pleasant environment.
The use of Isoamyl phenylacetate in consumer products is subject to regulations and guidelines established by regulatory bodies such as the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) to ensure safety and proper usage levels.
Trade and Commercial Availability: Isoamyl phenylacetate is commercially available from suppliers specializing in fragrance and flavor ingredients.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is traded as a raw material for use in various industries.
Formulators need to consider the compatibility of Isoamyl phenylacetate with other ingredients in their formulations to achieve the desired scent and product stability.
By esterification of phenylacetic acid with isoamyl alcohol in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid; by heating benzyl nitrile and isoamyl alcohol in the presence of excess concentrated H2SO4

Isoamyl phenylacetate belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzene and substituted derivatives.
These are aromatic compounds containing one monocyclic ring system consisting of benzene.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is a sweet, animal, and balsam tasting compound.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is found, on average, in the highest concentration within peppermints (Mentha X piperita).
This could make 3-methylbutyl phenylacetate a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on 3-Methylbutyl phenylacetate.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is a colorless to pale yellow, water insoluble liquid with a sweet, cocoa balsam, chocolate aroma.
Isoamyl phenylacetate may be used as a flavoring agent which offers a taste of rosy, honey with phenyl chocolate nuances and dried fruit notes.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is a synthetic product with detergent compositions.

Isoamyl phenylacetate can be used as a polymerization initiator in the production of cellulose derivatives that are soluble in organic solvents.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is an acid complex with the chemical formula C11H14O2, which has a dry weight of 150.6 grams per mole and a molecular weight of 198.27 g/mol.
Isoamyl phenylacetate has been shown to have acidic properties at pH values below 7 and is classified as an acid catalyst for reactions involving diploid compounds.

Structural formulas for this compound have been determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy, and it has been observed to be stable under constant temperature conditions.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature.
Isoamyl phenylacetate has a fairly long shelf life and occurs in nature, but the synthetic version is used for use as a fragrance.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is known for its aromatic and fruity fragrance, often described as having a sweet, floral, and fruity character.
The fruity notes are reminiscent of bananas.
Due to its pleasant scent, Isoamyl phenylacetate is commonly used in the perfume and fragrance industry.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is often included in floral and fruity fragrance compositions, contributing to the overall olfactory profile of the final product.
In the food industry, isoamyl phenylacetate may be employed as a flavoring agent to impart a fruity and sweet taste.
However, Isoamyl phenylacetate is use in the food industry is typically limited compared to its applications in the fragrance sector.

Isoamyl phenylacetate can be synthesized in the laboratory for commercial purposes, some esters with similar aromatic characteristics are found naturally in certain fruits.
This contributes to its use in creating natural or nature-inspired fragrances.
Isoamyl phenylacetate belongs to the ester group of organic compounds.

Esters are commonly known for their pleasant odors and flavors and are often found in essential oils and fruit extracts.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is typically synthesized through the reaction of isoamyl alcohol (isopentyl alcohol) with phenylacetic acid in the presence of an acid catalyst.
This esterification process results in the formation of isoamyl phenylacetate.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is generally insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents.
This characteristic influences its application in various formulations where solubility is a consideration.
The stability of Isoamyl phenylacetate can be influenced by factors such as exposure to light, heat, and air.

Proper storage conditions are essential to maintain the compound's quality and prevent degradation.
Isoamyl phenylacetate's stability in formulations can be influenced by factors such as pH, temperature, and the presence of other ingredients.
Formulators need to consider these factors to ensure the Isoamyl phenylacetate remains stable throughout the product's shelf life.

The sensory threshold of isoamyl phenylacetate—the concentration at which it can be detected by the human nose—can vary.
Perfumers and formulators consider these thresholds to determine the optimal concentration for a given application.
In addition to its use as a fragrance compound, Isoamyl phenylacetate may be employed in the food industry as a flavor enhancer.

Isoamyl phenylacetate can contribute to the overall flavor profile of certain food products.
Fragrance compounds like isoamyl phenylacetate not only contribute to the actual scent of a product but also influence the overall perception of the product.
The scent can evoke specific emotions or associations, contributing to the overall consumer experience.

Isoamyl phenylacetate might be used in niche or artisanal perfumery, where perfumers often experiment with unique combinations of ingredients to create distinctive and unconventional scents.
While isoamyl phenylacetate is often synthesized in the laboratory, natural extracts containing related compounds with similar aromas can be obtained from certain plants.
However, Isoamyl phenylacetate itself is typically more cost-effective to produce synthetically.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is commonly used as a reference standard in laboratories and educational settings.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is well-defined chemical structure makes it a useful compound for analytical and research purposes.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is generally stable and safe under normal handling conditions.
However, as with any chemical, proper precautions should be taken during transport, storage, and handling to prevent spills and ensure workplace safety.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is traded globally as a raw material for fragrance and flavor applications.

Boiling point: 268 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.98
vapor pressure: 0.907Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.485(lit.)
FEMA: 2081 | ISOAMYL PHENYLACETATE
Flash point: >230 °F
form: clear liquid
color: Colorless to Almost colorless
Odor: at 10.00 % in dipropylene glycol. sweet honey cocoa balsam chocolate castoreum animal
Odor Type: chocolate
Water Solubility: 63.049mg/L at 25℃
JECFA Number: 1014
LogP: 4.08 at 25℃

Isoamyl phenylacetate is commonly synthesized in the laboratory, it can also be found in trace amounts in certain natural sources.
Some plants may contain compounds with similar aromas, and these natural extracts might be used in the fragrance and flavor industry.
Formulating with isoamyl phenylacetate may present challenges, especially in achieving the desired balance of fragrance notes and ensuring compatibility with other ingredients.

Perfumers and formulators often experiment to find optimal combinations.
The choice of packaging materials can influence the stability of isoamyl phenylacetate-containing products.
Perfume bottles, cosmetic containers, or packaging for scented products need to be selected carefully to prevent interactions that could affect the compound's properties.

Isoamyl phenylacetate may exhibit synergistic effects when combined with other esters or fragrance compounds.
Perfumers may leverage these synergies to create more complex and harmonious scent profiles.
In some applications, microencapsulation techniques might be employed to encapsulate isoamyl phenylacetate.

This approach can provide controlled release of the fragrance over time, enhancing the longevity of scented products.
Over time, the scent of products containing isoamyl phenylacetate may evolve due to factors such as oxidation or chemical interactions.
Understanding the aging process and monitoring the shelf life of products is essential for maintaining consistent quality.

Fragrance preferences can vary across cultures and regions.
Companies may adapt formulations containing isoamyl phenylacetate to align with local preferences, taking into account cultural nuances and market demands.
Advances in fragrance delivery systems, encapsulation technologies, or sustainable extraction methods can impact how isoamyl phenylacetate is utilized in formulations.

Staying abreast of emerging technologies is crucial for innovation in the industry.
Ongoing research and development may lead to the discovery of new aroma compounds or more sustainable alternatives.
Companies may explore substitutions for isoamyl phenylacetate based on consumer trends or regulatory considerations.

The fragrance and flavor industry often involves collaboration between different entities, including perfumers, formulators, suppliers, and manufacturers.
Collaboration fosters creativity and innovation in creating new products and scents.
Isoamyl phenylacetate has a strong spicy scent reminiscent of cocoa.

In use, the scent is a bit richer: beeswax, honey, amber.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is used in chocolate accords, just adding (enough) vanillin or ethyl vanillin is enough to make a nice chocolate scent.
Also very suitable in sweet animal compositions such as beeswax, honey and civet.

The French perfumer Jean Claude Ellena recognizes chamomile in Isoamyl phenylacetate and indeed there is also a characteristic bitter animal note in it.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is primarily a heart to base note in perfumes and is stable in most products, including soaps and more acidic products.
Keep cool, dry, dark and out of reach of children.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is typically a racemic mixture, meaning it contains equal amounts of both enantiomers (mirror-image isomers).
In certain applications, the specific enantiomeric composition may be relevant, especially in industries like pharmaceuticals where stereochemistry can impact biological activity.
The biodegradability of isoamyl phenylacetate is an important consideration, especially in industries aiming for environmentally friendly practices.

Assessments of Isoamyl phenylacetate's fate in the environment help ensure its impact is minimal.
Researchers may explore alternative synthesis routes for isoamyl phenylacetate to improve efficiency, reduce costs, or address environmental concerns.
Green chemistry principles often guide the development of more sustainable synthesis methods.

Isoamyl phenylacetate, like many fragrance compounds, can exhibit variation in scent due to factors such as temperature, humidity, and the specific formulation it is a part of.
Perfumers and formulators account for these variations to maintain consistent product quality.
In some formulations, isoamyl phenylacetate may be combined with natural extracts or essential oils to create a more complex and nuanced fragrance.

This blending allows for the creation of unique and distinctive scents.
Isoamyl phenylacetate can be used in the production of scented candles.
Isoamyl phenylacetate adds a fruity and floral note to the candle's fragrance, enhancing the overall olfactory experience when the candle is burned.

Companies involved in the fragrance and flavor industry may explore patent applications related to the synthesis, formulations, or specific applications of isoamyl phenylacetate to protect their innovations.
As with any fragrance compound, some individuals may be more sensitive or allergic to isoamyl phenylacetate.
Companies consider potential consumer sensitivities and may conduct patch tests to ensure the safety of their products.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is generally stable under normal conditions.
However, understanding its reactivity with other chemicals in specific formulations is crucial for ensuring product stability and safety.
Trends in the fragrance and flavor industry, such as the demand for natural ingredients, transparency in labeling, and the rise of sustainable practices, can influence the use and marketability of compounds like isoamyl phenylacetate.

Fragrance, including that of isoamyl phenylacetate, can evoke memories and influence perceptions.
The choice of this compound in formulations may be guided by its ability to create positive associations or elicit specific emotions in consumers.
Perfume houses and cosmetic companies often invest in the development of custom fragrances to distinguish their products.

Isoamyl phenylacetate, with its distinctive fruity and floral notes, may be a key component in creating unique and signature scents.
Companies may conduct consumer testing and focus groups to evaluate the appeal of products containing isoamyl phenylacetate.
The rise of online shopping and e-commerce has influenced how consumers experience fragrances.

Uses:
Isoamyl phenylacetate is widely used in perfumery to impart a pleasant and distinctive aroma to various fragrance formulations.
Isoamyl phenylacetate contributes fruity, floral, and sweet notes, making it suitable for a variety of perfumes and colognes.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is utilized in the formulation of cosmetics and personal care products, including lotions, creams, shampoos, and soaps.

Isoamyl phenylacetate adds a pleasant fragrance to these products, enhancing the overall sensory experience for consumers.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is incorporated into scented candles and air fresheners, contributing to the creation of a pleasant ambiance in homes and commercial spaces.
In the food industry, isoamyl phenylacetate may be used as a flavoring agent to impart a fruity and sweet taste.

However, Isoamyl phenylacetate is use in food is generally limited compared to its applications in the fragrance sector.
Due to its pleasing aroma, isoamyl phenylacetate may find use in aromatherapy products such as essential oils, diffusers, and massage oils, contributing to relaxation and mood enhancement.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is employed in various household products, including cleaning agents, fabric softeners, and laundry detergents, to provide a pleasant scent to these products.

Isoamyl phenylacetate may be used in certain industrial applications where a specific fragrance is desired, such as in the production of adhesives, sealants, or other specialty chemicals.
Isoamyl phenylacetate may be used in the textile industry to impart a pleasant fragrance to fabrics and textiles.
Scented fabrics are sometimes employed in the production of clothing, linens, or home textiles.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is a common ingredient in air care products such as room sprays, reed diffusers, and plug-in air fresheners.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is fruity and floral notes contribute to a pleasing and long-lasting fragrance in indoor spaces.
Isoamyl phenylacetate's characteristic floral and fruity notes make it suitable for the creation of floral or fruity fragrances.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is often used as a key component in perfumes and scented products where these fragrance profiles are desired.
Perfumers often use isoamyl phenylacetate as part of custom fragrance blends, experimenting with different combinations to create unique and signature scents for specific brands or products.
Isoamyl phenylacetate may be included in pet care products such as pet shampoos, grooming sprays, or pet deodorizers to provide a pleasant scent for pets.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is sometimes featured in niche or artisanal fragrance products, where a specific and unique scent profile is desired to cater to niche markets or specific consumer preferences.
Isoamyl phenylacetate can be used in the production of scented stationery, notebooks, or paper-based products, enhancing the olfactory experience for users.
Fragrances, including isoamyl phenylacetate, might be used in agricultural or horticultural applications to enhance the scent of certain products or to mask odors associated with fertilizers or pesticides.

Isoamyl phenylacetate is commonly used in laboratories and educational settings as a reference standard in the study of fragrance compounds and their properties.
Isoamyl phenylacetate may be featured in novelty products, seasonal items, or limited-edition releases where a specific fragrance is desired to match a theme or occasion.
Isoamyl phenylacetate might find limited application in the culinary field where a specific fruity or floral note is desired.

Isoamyl phenylacetate could be used in trace amounts in certain food and beverage products.
Isoamyl phenylacetate may be included in scented hand sanitizers or disinfectants, contributing to a pleasant fragrance and potentially enhancing the user experience.
Isoamyl phenylacetate might be used in the production of scented toys, playdough, or other children's products to add an appealing fragrance.

Given its pleasant and versatile aroma, Isoamyl phenylacetate can be featured in holiday-themed or seasonal fragrance formulations, contributing to the festive ambiance of products.
Fragrance compounds, including isoamyl phenylacetate, may be incorporated into scented jewelry, such as diffuser necklaces or bracelets, providing a personal and portable aromatic experience.
Fragrance compounds are sometimes added to packaging materials, such as scented cardboard or wrapping paper, to enhance the unboxing experience and add an olfactory element to products.

In the manufacturing of artificial flowers or decorative items, isoamyl phenylacetate may be added to simulate a natural floral scent, enhancing the realism of the artificial products.
Fragrance compounds can be used in marketing materials, such as scented brochures, promotional items, or product samples, to create a memorable and multisensory brand experience.
Isoamyl phenylacetate might be used in retail environments for aroma marketing, enhancing the overall shopping experience and influencing consumer behavior through strategically chosen scents.

Isoamyl phenylacetate could be incorporated into products designed to promote relaxation and sleep, such as scented pillows, sleep masks, or aromatherapy blends for bedtime.
In the entertainment industry, including virtual reality and gaming, fragrances, including those with isoamyl phenylacetate, can be introduced to enhance immersive experiences by adding olfactory elements.
Isoamyl phenylacetate could be infused into sleepwear fabrics or bedding materials, providing a subtle and long-lasting fragrance to enhance the sleeping environment.

Isoamyl phenylacetate might be incorporated into hair care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and styling products to impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair.
In the realm of temporary tattoos or body art, isoamyl phenylacetate could be added to create scented designs, offering a unique sensory experience.
Fragrance compounds, including isoamyl phenylacetate, may find use in educational materials such as scented books, flashcards, or learning aids to engage multiple senses in the learning process.

Isoamyl phenylacetate could be incorporated into pet care items like pet beds, toys, or grooming products to provide a pleasant scent for pets and their owners.
Isoamyl phenylacetate may be used in scented wellness products, including spa items such as scented massage oils, bath salts, and relaxation aids.
Isoamyl phenylacetate might be applied to footwear, insoles, or shoe packaging to add a subtle fragrance to shoes.

Isoamyl phenylacetates can be integrated into automobile accessories such as air fresheners, seat covers, or car mats to create a pleasant interior fragrance.
Isoamyl phenylacetate could be incorporated into fitness-related products, such as scented yoga mats, workout accessories, or sportswear.
In the tech industry, fragrance Isoamyl phenylacetate might be incorporated into devices like smartphones, tablets, or laptops to introduce a subtle and pleasing aroma during use.

Isoamyl phenylacetate could be utilized in scented craft supplies or do-it-yourself (DIY) materials to add fragrance to handmade items.
Fragrance compounds might be used in gardening products such as scented plant markers, potting soil, or decorative items for outdoor spaces.
In event planning, fragrance compounds like isoamyl phenylacetate might be incorporated into merchandise such as scented event tickets, promotional items, or gift bags.

Safety Profile:
Inhalation of vapors or mists may cause respiratory irritation.
Isoamyl phenylacetate's advisable to use proper ventilation or personal protective equipment, such as a mask, in areas where isoamyl phenylacetate is handled in high concentrations.
Prolonged or repeated skin contact may cause irritation.

Isoamyl phenylacetate's recommended to use protective gloves and, if necessary, protective clothing to prevent skin exposure.
In case of contact, wash the affected area with plenty of water.
Contact with the eyes may cause irritation.

In case of eye contact, Isoamyl phenylacetate's important to rinse the eyes thoroughly with water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is not intended for ingestion, accidental ingestion may lead to irritation of the gastrointestinal tract.

If ingested, seek medical attention immediately and provide information about the ingested substance.
Isoamyl phenylacetate is typically not highly flammable.
However, as with any organic compound, it should be stored away from open flames and heat sources.

ISOAMYL SALICYLATE, N° CAS : 87-20-7, Nom INCI : ISOAMYL SALICYLATE, Nom chimique : Isopentyl 2-Hydroxybenzoate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 201-730-4. Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

ISOBORNEOL, N° CAS : 124-76-5, Nom INCI : ISOBORNEOL Nom chimique : exo-1,7,7-Trimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ol N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-712-4 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques

Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the form on.
Isoascorbic acid is widely used as a preservative and color stabilizer for foods and beverages.
Isoascorbic acid is a vegetable-derived food additive produced from sucrose.

CAS Number: 89-65-6
EC Number: 201-928-0
Molecular Formula: C6H8O6
Molecular Weight: 176.13 g/mol

Isoascorbic acid is applied as an antioxidant in the food industry.
Isoascorbic acid (isoascorbic acid, D-araboascorbic acid) is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).

Isoascorbic acid is synthesized by a reaction between methyl 2-keto-D-gluconate and sodium methoxide.
Isoascorbic acid can also be synthesized from sucrose or by strains of Penicillium that have been selected for this feature.
Isoascorbic acid is denoted by E number E315, and is widely used as an antioxidant in processed foods.

Clinical trials have been conducted to investigate aspects of the nutritional value of Isoascorbic acid.
One such trial investigated the effects of Isoascorbic acid on vitamin C metabolism in young women.
No effect on vitamin C uptake or clearance from the body was found.

Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of sulfites as a preservative in foods intended to be eaten fresh (such as salad bar ingredients), the use of Isoascorbic acid as a food preservative has increased.
Isoascorbic acid is also used as a preservative in cured meats and frozen vegetables.

Isoascorbic acid (D-Isoascorbic acid), produced from sugars derived from different sources, such as beets, sugar cane, and corn, is a food additive used predominantly in meats, poultry, and soft drinks.
Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid.

Isoascorbic acid is widely used as a preservative and color stabilizer for foods and beverages.
As a vegetable-derived food additive, Isoascorbic acid can be considered natural.

Isoascorbic acid, formerly known as isoascorbic acid and D-araboascorbic acid, is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
Isoascorbic acid is a vegetable-derived food additive produced from sucrose.

Isoascorbic acid is widely used as an antioxidant in processed foods.
The use of Isoascorbic acid as a food preservative has increased.
Isoascorbic acid is also used as a preservative in cured meats and frozen vegetables.

Isoascoribic acid, erythoribic acid is a natural product, vegetable derived food additive produced from sucrose.
Isoascorbic acid is an important antioxidant in the food industry, which can keep the color, natural flavor of foods and lengthen food storage without toxic and side effects.

Isoascorbic acid is used in cured meat processing, frozen fruits, frozen vegetables, jams, and in the beverage industry such as beer, grape wine, soft drink, fruit juice and fruit teas.
Isoascorbic acid's use has increased tremendously ever since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of sulfites as a preservative in foods to be eaten fresh (ie: salad bar ingredients).

Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in the form on.
Isoascorbic acid is a widely used antioxidant.
Isoascorbic acid is mostly used as an antioxidant (industrial and food), especially in the brewing industry, and as a reducing agent for photography.

Isoascorbic acid a crystalline powder with a sugar like odor with dusts that have the tendency to cause mild irritation in eyes, skin, nose and throat.
Isoascorbic acid is used as a preservative in the food packaging.

The Isoascorbic acid market has been gaining significant traction from the food packaging industry owing to the ban over the use of sulfites as a preservative in canned and frozen foods resulting in rise in the market for Isoascorbic acid.
Isoascorbic acid is non-volatile and inflammable and is thus a popular product in the food preservation.

Apart from using a preservative Isoascorbic acid is also used as a color stabilizer in during food preservation.
Isoascorbic acid is also used in small quantities in pharmaceutical industry for preparation of various types of drugs.

Isoascorbic acid is common that sometimes consumers have questions whether Isoascorbic acid is bad for our health and what are the side effects in the food we eat.
However, Isoascorbic acid is generally considered safe and almost no reported health risks.
Maybe some people are allergic or sensitive to Isoascorbic acid.

Isoascorbic acid (syn: isoascorbic acid, D-araboascorbic acid) is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid and has similar technological applications as a water-soluble antioxidant.
Isoascorbic acid was previously evaluated under the name isoascorbic acid by the sixth and seventeenth meetings of the Committee.

At the last evaluation an ADI of 0-5 mg/kg b.w. was allocated, based on a long-term study in rats, and a toxicological monograph was prepared.
The name Isoascorbic acid was changed to Isoascorbic acid in accordance with the "Guidelines for designating titles for specifications monographs" adopted at the thirty-third meeting of the Committee.

Isoascorbic acids safety used as a food additive has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), as well as other authorities.

Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
Isoascorbic acid is synthesized by a reaction between methyl 2-keto-D-gluconate and sodium methoxide.

Isoascorbic acid can also be synthesized from sucrose or by strains of Penicillium that have been selected for this feature.
Isoascorbic acid is denoted by E number E315, and is widely used as an antioxidant in processed foods.

Clinical trials have been conducted to investigate aspects of the nutritional value of Isoascorbic acid.
One such trial investigated the effects of Isoascorbic acid on vitamin C metabolism in young women; no effect on vitamin C uptake or clearance from the body was found.
A later study found that Isoascorbic acid is a potent enhancer of nonheme-iron absorption.

Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the use of sulfites as a preservative in foods intended to be eaten fresh (such as salad bar ingredients), the use of Isoascorbic acid as a food preservative has increased.

Isoascorbic acid is also used as a preservative in cured meats and frozen vegetables.
Isoascorbic acid was first synthesized in 1933 by the German chemists Kurt Maurer and Bruno Schiedt.

Applications of Isoascorbic acid:
Generally, Isoascorbic acid is widely used to stabilize color, reduce nitrate uses, and prevent oxidation in meat products, fruits and vegetables.
Meanwhile, Isoascorbic acid benefits our body through reducing nitrosamine formation which is generated by the intake of nitrate.

Pharmaceutical Applications of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of L-ascorbic acid, and is used as an antioxidant in foods and oral pharmaceutical formulations.
Isoascorbic acid has approximately 5% of the vitamin C activity of L-ascorbic acid.

Functions and Applications of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid is produced in acidic condition by sodium erythorbate.
Isoascorbic acid has strong reducing action and has effects on reducing blood press, diuresis, generationg liver glycogen,excreting pigment,detoxifying the body.

Isoascorbic acid is non-toxic.
Isoascorbic acids other applications are familiar to sodium erythorbate.

Sodium erythorbateand Isoascorbic acid are generally recognized as the lastest A-class Green products internationally and have become the commodities in short supply both at home and abroad.

Isoascorbic acid is a potent enhancer of iron absorption, Isoascorbic acids lack of antiscorbutic activity limits Isoascorbic acid usefulness in iron-fortification programs.
Isoascorbic acid may play a major role in enhancing iron bioavailability from mixed diets that include foods preserved with Isoascorbic acid.

Uses of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid used as Antioxidant (industrial and food), especially in brewing industry, reducing agent in photography.
Isoascorbic acid is a food preservative that is a strong reducing agent (oxygen accepting) which functions similarly to antioxidants.

In the dry crystalline state Isoascorbic acid is nonreactive, but in water solutions Isoascorbic acid reacts readily with atmospheric oxygen and other oxidizing agents, making Isoascorbic acid valuable as an antioxidant.
During preparation, dissolving and mixing should incorporate a minimum amount of air, and storage should be at cool temperatures.

Isoascorbic acid has a solubility of 43 g/100 ml of water at 25°c.
One part is equivalent to one part ascorbic acid and equivalent to one part sodium erythorbate.

Isoascorbic acid is used to control oxidative color and flavor deterioration in fruits at 150–200 ppm.
Isoascorbic acid is used in meat curing to speed and control the nitrite curing reaction and prolong the color of cured meat at levels of 0.05%.

Generally, Isoascorbic acid is widely used to stabilize color, reduce nitrate uses, and prevent oxidation in meat products, fruits and vegetables.
And therefore maintain the color & flavor and extend their shelf life.

Meanwhile, Isoascorbic acid benefits our body through reducing nitrosamine formation which is generated by the intake of nitrate.
Isoascorbic acid is also used as a preservative in cured meats and frozen vegetables.

Isoascorbic acid is mostly used as an antioxidant (industrial and food), especially in the brewing industry, and as a reducing agent for photography.
Isoascorbic acid is widely used as an antioxidant in processed foods, cured meats and frozen vegetables.

Isoascorbic acid is able to replace nitrates in meat applications.
Isoascorbic acid is a food preservative that is a strong reducing agent (oxygen accepting) which functions similarly to antioxidants.

In the dry crystalline state Isoascorbic acid is nonreactive, but in water solutions Isoascorbic acid reacts readily with atmospheric oxygen and other oxidizing agents, making Isoascorbic acid valuable as an antioxidant.
During preparation, dissolving and mixing should incorporate a minimum amount of air, and storage should be at cool temperatures.

Isoascorbic acid has a solubility of 43 g/100 ml of water at 25°c. One part is equivalent to one part ascorbic acid and equivalent to one part sodium erythorbate.
Isoascorbic acid is used to control oxidative color and flavor deterioration in fruits at 150–200 ppm.

Isoascorbic acid is used in meat curing to speed and control the nitrite curing reaction and prolong the color of cured meat at levels of 0.05%.
Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of L-ascorbic acid, and is used as an antioxidant in foods and oral pharmaceutical formulations.
Isoascorbic acid has approximately 5% of the vitamin C activity of L-ascorbic acid.

Food:
Isoascorbic acids main uses are in meat products, fruits & vegetables and also in soft drinks & beer.

Meat products:
Cured and preserved meat products takes an important part in the meat industry.

Provide a bright red color:
In order to achieve the purpose of preserving meat products and produce a bright red color, the traditional method is to add nitrate which can interact with amines in the human body to form a carcinogen nitrosamine, which is harmful to our health.

Reduce nitrosamines:
Isoascorbic acid can significantly reduce the production of nitrosamines if the combination uses of Isoascorbic acid with nitrite.
At the same time, Isoascorbic acid can stabilize the color of meat.

Isoascorbic acid was reported by Mintel GNDP that nearly 5,000 products out of nearly 1 million products sold in Europe contain Isoascorbic acid or sodium erythorbate in meat products or products contained meat as an ingredient (e.g. pizza, ready-to-eat meat meals, meat-based spread and filled pasta).

Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid.
Isoascorbic acid is widely used as a preservative and color stabilizer for foods and beverages.
As a vegetable-derived food additive, Isoascorbic acid can be considered natural.

Fruits and Vegetable Processing:
Fresh fruit and vegetable products can easily cause quality problems during the preservation, such as microbial growth, softening, weightlessness and browning due to cracks.

The traditional browning inhibitor is sulfur, but Isoascorbic acid can cause several health problems such as high blood pressure.
Isoascorbic acid or sodium erythorbate can be used to keep the freshness and stabilize the color of fruit and vegetables by soaking or spraying Isoascorbic acids solution on the surface.

Drink and Beer:
Isoascorbic acid and Isoascorbic acids sodium salt can be used as an antioxidant in beverages, beer and etc.

Isoascorbic acid can eliminate the discoloration, odor and turbidity, and improve the poor taste of beverages.
In beer, Isoascorbic acid can remove the stale odor, enhance flavor stability, and prolong Isoascorbic acid shelf life.

Formerly known as isoascorbic acid, Isoascorbic acid is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid (vitamin C).
Isoascorbic acid is a vegetable derived food additive produced from sucrose.

Isoascorbic acid is widely used as an antioxidant in processed foods.
Isoascorbic acid is a water-soluble antioxidant, used mainly as an ingredient in soft drinks.
Isoascorbic acid has no known mutagenic or carcinogenic properties, and has not been shown to inhibit the uptake of any vitamins or minerals.

Cosmetics:
Per the “European Commission database for information on cosmetic substances and ingredients”, Isoascorbic acid functions as an antioxidant in cosmetic and personal care products.
Isoascorbic acid can be found in hair and nail products.

Usage Areas of Isoascorbic acid:
Antioxidants
Bacon
Sauage
Meats
Brewing
Soft Drink
Beverage Powder
Fruit Juice
Ice Cream, Fruit Sauces
Chewing Gum
Confections
Baking Food
Yogurt
Color Stabilizer Flavoring Agent
Preservative
Nutrient
Dietary Supplement
Cosmetics
Feed
Pharmaceutical

Authorised Uses of Isoascorbic acid:

The following foods may contain Isoascorbic acid:
Cured and preserved meat products
Frozen and deep-frozen fish with red skin

Preserved and semi-preserved fish products
Food Standards Australia New Zealand
Isoascorbic acid is an approved ingredient in Australia and New Zealand with the code number 315.

Isoascorbic acid is readily absorbed and metabolized.
Following an oral dose of 500 mg of Isoascorbic acid to human subjects the blood level curves for ascorbic acid and Isoascorbic acid showed a similar rise.
In five human subjects, an oral dose of 300 mg was shown to have no effect on urinary excretion of ascorbic acid.

Isoascorbic acid was found to have no antagonistic effect on the action of ascorbic acid.
Isoascorbic acid (E315 or Isoascorbic Acid) is a white to slight yellow crystal or powder.

Isoascorbic acid can darken on exposure to light.
Isoascorbic acid is soluble in water, alcohol, pyridine, oxygenated solvents and slightly soluble in glycerin.

Industry Uses:
Binder
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Pigment
Process regulators
Reducing agent
Surface active agents

Consumer Uses:
Binder
Catalyst
Corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Process regulators
Reducing agent
Surface active agents

Possible Side Effects of Isoascorbic acid:
Although Isoascorbic acid generally regarded as a very safe and effective supplement, there can be some minor side effects.

The side effects may:
Possible short-term side effects
Headaches
Dizziness
Fatigue
Body flushing
Hemolysis

Chemical Properties of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid occurs as a white or slightly yellow-colored crystals or powder.
Isoascorbic acid gradually darkens in color upon exposure to light.

Manufacturing of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid can be produced by a reaction between methyl 2-keto-D-gluconate and sulphuric acid.

Generally, the manufacturing process of Isoascorbic acid has 5 steps:
Producing calcium 2-keto-D-gluconate: food-grade starch hydrolysate fermentation by Pseudomonas fluorescens with calcium carbonate.
Acidify the above fermentation broth to obtain 2-keto-D-gluconic acid (2-KG).
Esterification 2-KG with methanol under acid conditions to yield methyl 2-keto-D-gluconate.

The synthesis of sodium erythorbate: heating the above suspension with sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate.
The reaction between sodium erythorbate and sulphuric acid.

Manufacturing Methods of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid is synthesized by the reaction between methyl 2-keto-D-gluconate and sodium methoxide.
Isoascorbic acid can also be synthesized from sucrose and produced from Penicillium spp.

Isoascorbic acid can also be prepared by reacting 2-keto-D-gluconate with sodium methoxide, synthesized from sucrose, or naturally produced by Penicililum species. Sodium erythorbate is prepared from D-glucose by a combination of biosynthesis and chemical synthesis via the intermediate 2-keto-D-gluconic acid.

Isoascorbic acid is produced by the fermentation of D-glucose to 2-keto-D-gluconic acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria.
The fermentation product is esterified and heated in basic solution to yield sodium erythorbate.
Upon acidification of the salt in a water-methanol solution, Isoascorbic acid is formed.

Production Methods of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid is synthesized by the reaction between methyl 2- keto-D-gluconate and sodium methoxide.
Isoascorbic acid can also be synthesized from sucrose, and produced from Penicillium spp.

Biotechnological Production of Isoascorbic acid:
Yeasts and other fungi synthesize the C5 sugar acid D-erythroascorbic acid which shares structural and physicochemical properties with Asc.
D-erythroascorbic acid serves similar protective functions in these microorganisms as Asc does in plants and animals, including the scavenging of reactive oxygen species.

The biosynthesis of D-erythroascorbic acid starts from D-arabinose obtained by the microorganism from decaying plant material.
D-arabinose, presumably in Isoascorbic acid 1,4-furanosidic isomeric form, is oxidized by NAD(P)+ specific dehydrogenases to D-arabinono-1,4-lactone, which is further oxidized to D-erythroascorbic acid by D-arabinono-1,4-lactone oxidase.
Resting cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae can synthesize Asc from L-galactose, L-galactono-1,4-lactone, or L-gulono- 1,4-lactone via the pathway naturally used for D-erythroascorbic acid.

Purification Methods of Isoascorbic acid:
Crystallise D(-)-isoascorbic acid from H2O, EtOH or dioxane. is at 245nm with 7,500 (EtOH).
Isoascorbic acid Used in various foods as water-soluble antioxidant to prevent change (color, taste, fragrance) of food occurred by oxidation.

Isoascorbic acid is found in frozen seafood, fishery product, stock meat, stock fish sausage, fruit, vegetable, pickles, beverage, gerry pet food etc.
Isoascorbic acid is also used as Oxygen absorbers (Sponge cake, Confectionery), boiler oxygen scavenger, photographic developer, hair dye and reaction-catalyst in resin polymerization.

Incompatibilities of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid is incompatible with chemically active metals such as aluminum, copper, magnesium, and zinc.
Isoascorbic acid is also incompatible with strong bases and strong oxidizing agents.

Isoascorbic acid, a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid with similar physicochemical properties, is widely used as an antioxidant in processed foods.
Isoascorbic acid or erythorbate, formerly known as iso ascorbic acid and D-arabo ascorbic acid, is a stereoisomer of ascorbic acid.

Isoascorbic acids chemical properties have many similarities with Vc, but as an antioxidant, Isoascorbic acid has the inimitable advantage that Vc do not have:
First, Isoascorbic acid is superior to the anti-oxidation than Vc, therefore, mixed the Vc, Isoascorbic acid can effectively protect the properties Vc component in improving the properties have very good results, while protecting the Vc color.
Second, higher security, no residue in the human body, participating in metabolism after absorb by human body, which can be transformed into Vc partially.

Isoascorbic acid, an epimer of L-ascorbic acid, is used in the United States as a food additive.
Studies were conducted to determine whether the ingestion of Isoascorbic acid in the diet had any beneficial or adverse effects on the human requirement for vitamin C.

Young women were fed diets that contained controlled amounts of Isoascorbic acid and ascorbic acid.
In pharmacokinetic evaluations, Isoascorbic acid and ascorbic acid were rapidly absorbed with little interaction.

Isoascorbic acid cleared from the body more rapidly than ascorbic acid. Some subjects received diets deficient in vitamin C for periods < or = 30 d.
Increasing intakes of Isoascorbic acid or prolonged intakes of < or = 1 g Isoascorbic acid/d did not indicate any interactions with ascorbic acid.

Consumption of Isoascorbic acid resulted in the presence of Isoascorbic acid in mononuclear leukocytes.
Ascorbic acid concentrations in these cells were not affected by the presence of Isoascorbic acid.

Isoascorbic acid disappeared quickly from these cells with cessation of Isoascorbic acid supplements.
Prolonged ingestion of erythrobic acid by young women neither antagonized nor spared their vitamin C status.

Storage of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid should be stored in an airtight container, protected from light, in a cool, dry place.

Stability and Reactivity of Isoascorbic acid:

Reactivity:

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
Isoascorbic acid is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, Strong bases, Chemically active metals, Aluminum, Zinc, Magnesium, Copper

Safety of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid is widely used in food applications as an antioxidant.
Isoascorbic acid is also used in oral pharmaceutical applications as an antioxidant.

Isoascorbic acid is generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritant when used as an excipient.
Isoascorbic acid is readily metabolized and does not affect the urinary excretion of ascorbic acid.
The WHO has set an acceptable daily intake of Isoascorbic acid and Isoascorbic acid sodium salt in foods at up to 5 mg/kg body-weight.

First Aid of Isoascorbic acid:

Eye contact:
After initial flushing, remove any contact lenses and continue flushing for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

Skin contact:
Wash affected area immediately with large amounts of soap and water.
Get medical attention if irritation develops or persists.

Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air, treat symptomatically.
Get medical attention if cough or other symptoms develop.

Ingestion:
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting.
Give milk or water.

Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Call a physician or poison control center immediately

Safeguards (Personnel):
If excessive dust is created, wear dust mask or respirator to keep exposure below the permissible exposure level for particulate matter.
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

Initial containment:
Take up and place in secure closed containers.
Treat or dispose of waste material in accordance with all local, state/provincial, and national requirements.
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.

Large spills procedure:
Avoid dust generation.
Treat or dispose of waste material in accordance with all local, state/provincial, and national requirements.

Small spills procedure:
Do not dry sweep.
Treat or dispose of waste material in accordance with all local, state/provincial, and national requirements.

Handling (personnel):
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing.
Avoid breathing (dust, vapor, mist, gas).

Handling (physical aspects):
Store in original container protected from direct sunlight in a dry, cool and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials.
Secure container after each use.

Storage precautions:
Keep dry.

Engineering controls:
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash facility and a safety shower.
Good general ventilation should be sufficient to control airborne levels.
Ensure adequate ventilation, especially in confined areas.

Eye / face protection requirements:
A respiratory protection program that meets osha's 29 cfr 1910-134 and ansi z88-2 requirements must be followed whenever workplace conditions warrant a respirator's use.

Skin protection requirements:
Apron is recommended.
Wear protective gloves to minimize skin contamination.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Respiratory protection requirements:
If airborne concentrations exceed the osha twa, a niosh approved dust mask is recommended.

Identifiers of Isoascorbic acid:
CAS Number: 89-65-6
CHEBI: 51438
ChemSpider: 16736142
ECHA InfoCard: 100.001.753
E number: E315 (antioxidants)
PubChem CID: 6981
UNII: 311332OII1
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID6026537
Chemical formula: C6H8O6
Molar mass: 176.124 g·mol−1
Density: 0.704 g/cm3
Melting point: 164 to 172 °C (327 to 342 °F; 437 to 445 K)

Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C6H8O6
CAS Number: 89-65-6
Molecular Weight: 176.12
Beilstein: 84271
EC Number: 201-928-0
MDL number: MFCD00005378
PubChem Substance ID: 24888398
NACRES: NA.22

CAS: 89-65-6
Molecular Formula: C6H7NaO6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 198.11
MDL Number: MFCD00005378
InChI Key: IFVCRSPJFHGFCG-HXPAKLQESA-N
PubChem CID: 54675810
ChEBI: CHEBI:51438
IUPAC Name: (2R)-2-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one
SMILES: [Na+].OC[C@H](O)C1OC(=O)[C-](O)C1=O

Properties of Isoascorbic acid:
Boiling point: 227.71°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.3744 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: -17.5 ° (C=10, H2O)
Storage temp.: Store at 0-5°C
Solubility H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless to very faintly yellow
Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
pka4.09±0.10(Predicted)
Color White to slightly yellow
Optical activity:[α]25/D 16.8°, c = 2 in H2O
Water Solubility: 1g/10mL
Merck: 14,5126
BRN: 84271
Stability: Stable. Combustible.
Incompatible: with chemically active metals, aluminium, zinc, copper, magnesium, strong bases, strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N

Appearance: White to slightly yellow crystalline solid which darkens gradually on exposure to light.
Other names: D-Isoascorbic acid; D-Araboascorbic acid
CAS number: 89-65-6
Chemical formula: C6H8O6
Molecular weight: 176.13
PKa: Isoascorbic acid is a diprotic acid having pKa’s 11.34 and 4.04.
Solubility
In water: 40 g in 100 mL water at 25 °C.
In organic solvents: Soluble in alcohol, pyridine; moderately soluble in acetone; slightly soluble in glycerol
CAS number: 89-65-6
EINECS, EC No.: 201-928-0
HS Code: 2932290090
Molecular formula: C6H8O6
Molecular weight: 176.13 g/mol

Quality Level: 200
Assay: 98%
Form: crystals
Optical activity: [α]25/D −16.8°, c = 2 in H2O
mp: 169-172 °C (dec.) (lit.)
SMILES string: [H][C@@]1(OC(=O)C(O)=C1O)[C@H](O)CO
InChI: 1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-2(8)5-3(9)4(10)6(11)12-5/h2,5,7-10H,1H2/t2-,5-/m1/s1
InChI key: CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-DUZGATOHSA-N

Molecular Weight: 176.12 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 107Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 232
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Isoascorbic acid:
Form: solid
Color: white
Odor: none
Boiling point: nd c
Vapor pressure: nd psia
Vapor density: nd (air = 1)
Solubility in water: 40 g/100 ml
Specific gravity: 1.65 (water = 1)
Bulk density: nd
Melting/freezing point: nd c
Ph: 5-6
% volatiles: nd %

Identification: Passes Test
Appearance: White odorless crystalline powder.
Assay: 99.0 - 100.5%
Specific Rotation, [a ]25°/D °C: Between -16.5° and -18.0°
Heavy Metals: 10 ppm max
Lead: 5 ppm max
ArseniC: 3 ppm max
Residue on Ignition,: >0.3% max
Loss on Drying: 0.4% max
Packing: 25-kg (55-lb) or as required by the buyer

Melting Point: 169°C to 172°C (decomposition)
Odor: Odorless
Quantity: 100 g
Merck Index: 14,5126
Solubility Information: Soluble in alcohol, pyridine and water.
Formula Weight: 176.12
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: D-(-)-Isoascorbic acid

Related Products of Isoascorbic acid:
N,N-Diethyl-2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide
N,N-Dimethylpiperidine-4-sulfonamide Hydrochloride
Des-4-methylenepiperidine Efinaconazole
2,3-Difluorophenyl Efinaconazole Diol
3-Isobutylaniline

Synonyms of Isoascorbic acid:
Isoascorbic acid
Isoascorbic acid
D-Isoascorbic acid
89-65-6
D-Araboascorbic acid
Araboascorbic acid
D-Isoascorbic acid
Isovitamin C
2,3-Didehydro-D-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone
Erycorbin
Neo-cebicure
UNII-311332OII1
Saccharosonic acid
Glucosaccharonic acid
MFCD00005378
(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one
D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, g-lactone
D-erythro-hex-2-enonic acid gamma-lactone
D-(-)-Isoascorbic acid
CHEBI:51438
(R)-5-((R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one
D-ASCORBIC ACID, ISO
D-erythro-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone
311332OII1
Mercate 5
D(-)-Isoascorbic acid, 98%
D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, .gamma.-lactone
Erythroascorbic acid, D-
FEMA Number: 2410
FEMA No. 2410
CCRIS 6568
HSDB 584
Isoascorbic acid [NF]
D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, gamma-lactone
NSC 8117
D-erythro-3-Oxohexonic acid lactone
EINECS 201-928-0
D-erythro-3-Ketohexonic acid lactone
3-Oxohexonic acid lactone, D-erythro-
BRN 0084271
3-Keto-D-erythro-hexonic acid gamma-lactone
Hex-2-enonic acid gamma-lactone, D-erythro-
d-iso-ascorbic acid
1f9g
E315
D-Erythro-hex-2-enonic acid, gamma-lactone,
DSSTox_CID_6537
D-(-)-Araboascorbic acid
EC 201-928-0
DSSTox_RID_78143
D-(???)-Isoascorbic acid
DSSTox_GSID_26537
SCHEMBL18678
5-18-05-00026 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
CHEMBL486293
SCHEMBL3700961
DTXSID6026537
D-(-)-Isoascorbic acid, 98%
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one
HY-N7079
Tox21_201111
SBB017515
AKOS015856346
ZINC100006772
ZINC100057602
CAS-89-65-6
D-erythro-hex-2-enoic acid ??-lactone
NCGC00258663-01
D-Isoascorbic acid, >=99%, FCC, FG
O272
A0520
CS-0014152
C20364
Q424531
J-506944
7179C406-7CCF-4C07-9125-AA71E28FB983
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2H-furan-5-one
(5R)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydrofuran-2-one
Isoascorbic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (non-preferred name)
Isoascorbic Acid
D-araboascorbic Acid
Araboascorbic Acid
D-Isoascorbic acid
Isovitamin C
D-isoascorbic Acid
Erycorbin
Neo-cebicure
Saccharosonic Acid
Mercate 5
Glucosaccharonic Acid
D-(-)-isoascorbic Acid
Erythroascorbic Acid, D-
Fema Number: 2410
D-ascorbic Acid, Iso
Fema No. 2410
Ccris 6568
Hsdb 584
D-erythro-hex-2-enonic Acid, Gamma-lactone
2,3-didehydro-d-erythro-hexono-1,4-lactone
Unii-311332oii1
Chebi:51438
89-65-6
Nsc 8117
D-erythro-3-oxohexonic Acid Lactone
Einecs 201-928-0
D-erythro-3-ketohexonic Acid Lactone
3-oxohexonic Acid Lactone, D-erythro-
Brn 0084271
E315
(5r)-5-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5h)-one
3-keto-d-erythro-hexonic Acid Gamma-lactone
D-erythro-hex-2-enonic Acid, Gamma-lactone,
Hex-2-enonic Acid Gamma-lactone, D-erythro-
Erythroascorbic Acid
D-erythro-hex-2-enoic Acid Gamma-lactone
D-erythro-hex-2-enonic Acid, .gamma.-lactone
Erythorbatd
D-erythro-hex-1-enofuranos-3-ulose
Isoascorbic acid [nf]
1f9g
Ac1l1nqg
Dsstox_cid_6537
Dsstox_rid_78143
Dsstox_gsid_26537
Schembl18678
W241008_aldrich
856061_aldrich
Chembl486293
Schembl3700961
58320_fluka
Ciwbshskhkdkbq-duzgatohsa-n
Molport-003-937-345
7378-23-6 (hydrochloride Salt)
Tox21_201111
Ar-1i3651
D-erythro-hex-2-enono-1,4-lactone
Sbb017515
146-75-8 (di-hydrochloride Salt)
Akos015856346
311332oii1
Ls-2352
Rl05634
Cas-89-65-6
6381-77-7 (mono-hydrochloride Salt)
Ncgc00258663-01
Kb-49577
O272
D-erythro-hex-2-enonic Acid Gamma-lactone
A0520
C20364
5-18-05-00026 (beilstein Handbook Reference)
(2r)-2-[(1r)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4,5-dihydroxyfuran-3-one
7179c406-7ccf-4c07-9125-aa71e28fb983
(5r)-5-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydrofuran-2-one
74242-57-2
Erythorbic acid
ISOASCORBIC-ACID
1f9g
E315
D-Erythro-hex-2-enonic acid, gamma-lactone,
EC 201-928-0
SCHEMBL18678
ERYTHORBIC ACID [II]
5-18-05-00026 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
ERYTHORBIC ACID [FCC]
ISOASCORBIC ACID [MI]
ERYTHORBIC ACID [FHFI]
ERYTHORBIC ACID [HSDB]
ERYTHORBIC ACID [INCI]
CHEMBL486293
DTXCID306537
INS NO.315
SCHEMBL3700961
ERYTHORBIC ACID [MART.]
ERYTHORBIC ACID [USP-RS]
INS-315
D-(-)-Isoascorbic acid, 98%
HY-N7079
Tox21_201111
AC8021
AKOS015856346
D-erythro-hex-2-enoic acid ?-lactone
CAS-89-65-6
D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, g-lactone
NCGC00258663-01
D-erythro-Hex-2-enoic acid gamma-lactone
D-Isoascorbic acid, >=99%, FCC, FG
A0520
CS-0014152
E-315
ASCORBIC ACID IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY]
C20364
EN300-251979
A843272
Q424531
D-Isoascorbic acid 1000 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
J-506944
Z1255372411
7179C406-7CCF-4C07-9125-AA71E28FB983
Erythorbic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
(5R)-5-[(1R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one (D-Isoascorbic Acid)