Detergents, Cosmetics, Disinfectants, Pharma Chemicals

HEXANAL
ETHYL HEXANOATE, N° CAS : 123-66-0, Nom INCI : ETHYL HEXANOATE, Nom chimique : Ethyl hexanoate; Ethyl caproate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 204-640-3. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Noms français : HEXANOATE D'ETHYLE; Hexanoate d'éthyle. Noms anglais : ETHYL CAPROATE;Ethyl hexanoate ; HEXANOIC ACID, ETHYL ESTER
HEXANDEDIHYDRAZIDE
Hexanedihydrazide is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins.
Hexanedihydrazide is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone, and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2.

CAS Number: 1071-93-8
EC Number: 213-999-5
Molecular Formula: C6H14N4O2
Molecular Weight: 174.20 g/mol

Synonyms: Hexanedihydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, 1071-93-8, Adipic acid dihydrazide, Adipohydrazide, Hexanedihydrazide, Hexanedioic acid, dihydrazide, Adipyl hydrazide, Hexanediohydrazide, Adipic acid, dihydrazide, Adipoyldihydrazine, adipoyl dihydrazide, VK98I9YW5M, DTXSID0044361, Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-dihydrazide, NSC 3378, NSC-3378, EINECS 213-999-5, NSC 29542, NSC-29542, AI3-22640, WLN: ZMV4VMZ, EC 213-999-5, MFCD00007614, Adipodihydrazide, Adip dihydr, adipic hydrazide, Adipoyl hydrazide, adipic dihydrazone, Hexanedihydrazide #, Adipic aciddihydrazide, Adipic acid dihyrazide, Hexanedioic dihydrazide, AJICURE ADH, QUALIMER ADH, ULTRALINK HYDRAZIDE, Hexanedioic acid dihydrazide, SCHEMBL49856, Adipic Acid Dihydrazide (ADH), CHEMBL3185968, DTXCID8024361, SCHEMBL11037942, AMY3771, NSC3378, 1,4-Butanedicarboxylic dihydrazide, BK 1000Z, BT 1000Z, NSC29542, STR02658, Tox21_301067, BBL022965, STK709135, ADIPIC ACID DIHYDRAZIDE [INCI], AKOS000267183, NCGC00248276-01, NCGC00257525-01, CAS-1071-93-8, A0170, Adipic acid dihydrazide, >=98% (titration), CS-0010116, FT-0621914, EN300-03706, D72486, T 2210, Adipic acid dihydrazide, purum, >=97.0% (NT), A801603, J-660023, Q-200600, Q4682936, Z56812730, F1943-0024, Hexanedihydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, Adipohydrazide, Adipyl hydrazide, Adipic acid dihydrazide, Adipyl hydrazide, Adipic acid dihyrazide, Hexanedioic acid, dihydrazide, 403, adipohydrazide, Hexanedioic Acid Dihydrazide, ADH, ADH (hydrazide), ADH 4S, ADH-J, ADH-S, Adipic dihydrazide, Adipoyl Dihydrazide, Adipoyl Hydrazide, Adipoyldihydrazine, Ajicure ADH, BK 1000Z, BT 1000Z, NSC 29542, NSC 3378, Qualimer ADH, T 2210, Adipohydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, adipohydrazide, adipic acid dihydrazide, hexanedioic acid, dihydrazide, adipyl hydrazide, hexanediohydrazide, adipic acid, dihydrazide, adipodihydrazide, hexanedioic acid, 1,6-dihydrazide, unii-vk98i9yw5m, Hexanedioic acid,1,6-dihydrazide, Adipic acid dihydrazide, Hexanedioic acid,dihydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, Adipoyl hydrazide, ADH, Adipoyl dihydrazide, Adipoyldihydrazine, Qualimer ADH, BT 1000Z, BK 1000Z, NSC 29542, NSC 3378, ADH 4S, ADH (hydrazide), ADH-J, ADH-S, T 2210, Ajicure ADH, Adipic acid dihydrazide, Technicure ADH, Epicure PD 797, 98152-55-7, 124246-54-4, ADH, Adipohydrazide, ADIPODIHYDRAZIDE, adipoyl hydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, Adipic dihydrazide, ADIPINIC DIHYDRAZIDE, ADIPIC ACID DIHYDRIZIDE, ADIPIC ACID DIHYDRAZIDE

Hexanedihydrazide is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2.

Hexanedihydrazide is a latent hardener for epoxy resin.
Dihydrazides are made by the reaction of an organic acid with hydrazine.
Other dihydrazides with different backbones are also common, including isophthalic dihydrazide (IDH) and sebacic dihydrazide (SDH).

Hexanedihydrazide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
Hexanedihydrazide is an effective crosslinking agent, curative and hardener.

Hexanedihydrazide is the most common dihydrazide crosslinking agent within a series of dihydrazides such as sebacic dihydrazide (SDH) and isophthalic dihydrazide (IDH).
Hexanedihydrazide’s has a melting point of 180 °C and a molecular weight of 174; both are lower than the alternative dihydrazides SDH and IDH.

Hexanedihydrazide is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2.
Dihydrazides are made by the reaction of an organic acid with hydrazine.
Other dihydrazides with different backbones are also common, including isophthalic dihydrazide (IDH) and sebacic dihydrazide (SDH).

The applications of Hexanedihydrazide are facilitated by the nucleophilicity of the amine function (good reaction characteristics), the good overall properties and weatherability of cured systems.
The moderate solubility of Hexanedihydrazide in water (50 g./liter) and common organic solvents facilitates the use of Hexanedihydrazide in aqueous and solvent based systems.

The cure temperature for epoxy resins (glycidyl types) formulated with Hexanedihydrazide is influenced by the melt-out temperature of the Hexanedihydrazide, which allows an extended pot life at low temperatures.
Storage stability can be up to six-months at room temperature, with cure times of about one-hour at 130 °C.

Cure rates can be accelerated using tin or titanate catalysts, or imidazoles.
One-component Hexanedihydrazide epoxy systems can be partially cured or “B-staged”, and later fully cured.
B-staging provides handling, processing, and fabrication advantages.

Hexanedihydrazide is a distinctive crosslinking agent and curative that provides controlled reactivity and performance improvements in epoxy resins, polyurethane dispersions (PUDs), solvent-based polyurethanes (PURs), and emulsion acrylic resins.
Hexanedihydrazide finds major applications as a latent curing agent for B-stageable epoxy resins and as an ambient temperature crosslinking agent for high-performance acrylic emulsion architectural coatings.
Materials crosslinked or cured with Hexanedihydrazide demonstrate excellent colour stability, weathering resistance, adhesion, durability, hardness, and toughness.

Hexanedihydrazide is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins.

Hexanedihydrazide is a symmetrical molecule with a C4 backbone, and the reactive group is C=ONHNH2.
Dihydrazides are made by the reaction of an organic acid with hydrazine.
Other dihydrazides with different backbones are also common, including isophthalic dihydrazide (IDH) and sebacic dihydrazide (SDH).

Homobifunctional cross-linking reagent that is specific for aldehydes resulting in relatively stable hydrazone linkages.
This is commonly used in the linking of glycoproteins, such as antibodies, in a site specific fashion following periodate oxidation.

Hexanedihydrazide acts as a reducing agent in organic synthesis.
Hexanedihydrazide reduces aldehydes and ketones to alcohols, and Hexanedihydrazide reduces nitro compounds to amines.
Hexanedihydrazide also acts as a catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams, and Hexanedihydrazide is used as a cross-linking agent in polymers.

Hexanedihydrazide is used as a formaldehyde scavenger and reacts with formaldehyde, thereby preventing the volatilizing of formaldehyde in the air.
Hexanedihydrazide is also employed as a paint additive and coating additive.

Hexanedihydrazide is also used as an intermediate.
Further, Hexanedihydrazide is used for cross-linking water-based emulsions and as a hardener for certain epoxy resins, which finds application in powder coating.

Hexanedihydrazide is a homobifunctional cross-linking reagent that is specific for aldehydes.
This results in relatively stable hydrazone linkages.

Hexanedihydrazide is generally used in the linking of glycoproteins, like antibodies, in a site-specific fashion following periodate oxidation.
Oxidation and coupling may be performed at pH 5.0 due to the low pKa of the hydrazide which avoids competition by primary amines.

Hexanedihydrazide is the most suitable hydrazide cross-linking agent, and Hexanedihydrazide has been widely used in water-based paint emulsions in combination with diacetone acrylamide.
Hexanedihydrazide is weakly alkaline, and there is a possibility of agglomeration when solid Hexanedihydrazide is added directly to the emulsion, so usually Hexanedihydrazide should be dissolved in hot water before use.

Applications of Hexanedihydrazide:
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a formaldehyde scavenger and reacts with formaldehyde, thereby preventing the volatilizing of formaldehyde in the air.
Hexanedihydrazide is also employed as a paint additive and coating additive.

Hexanedihydrazide is also used as an intermediate.
Further, Hexanedihydrazide is used for cross-linking water-based emulsions and as a hardener for certain epoxy resins, which finds application in powder coating.

Hexanedihydrazide has been used:
Hexanedihydrazide is used in the preparation of reactive premix to synthesize the porous biomaterial.
Hexanedihydrazide is used for the crosslinking of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate (MA-CS) coating using carbodiimide-based chemistry for the production and characterization of methacrylated chondroitin sulfate magnetic nanoparticles (MA-CS MNPs).

Hexanedihydrazide is used for the covalent labeling of rhamnolipids, pyochelin, and vancomycin with Abberior STARNHS ester dye.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a difunctional crosslinking agent in paints and coatings for certain water-based acrylic emulsions.

Hexanedihydrazide is used as a hardener for epoxy resins and a chain extender for polyurethanes.
A small use is as a formaldehyde scavenger preventing the liberation of formaldehyde.

Hexanedihydrazide is Applied in The Production of:
Crosslinking Agent for Polymers
Elastomers and Rubber Industry
Adhesives and Sealants
Coatings and Paints
Textile Industry
Corrosion Inhibitors
Biomedical Applications
Photography
Water Treatment
Fuel Additives
Polymer Modification

Uses of Hexanedihydrazide:
Hexanedihydrazide is used to functionalize magnetic nanoparticles for glycopeptide enrichment and identification.
Hexanedihydrazide is a homobifunctional cross-linking reagent specific for aldehydes resulting in relatively stable hydrazone linkages.

Hexanedihydrazide is typically, used in the linking of glycoproteins, such as antibodies, in a site specific fashion following periodate oxidation.
Oxidation and coupling may conveniently be performed at pH 5.0 due to the low pKa of the hydrazide which avoids competition by primary amines.

Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a chain extension for liquid rubber.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins.

Hexanedihydrazide is used adhesives and sealant chemicals, and Automotive care products.
Hexanedihydrazide is used for epoxy powder coating curing agent and coating additives, Metal deactivator and other polymer additives and water treatment agent.

Hexanedihydrazide is the most suitable hydrazide crosslinking agent.
Hexanedihydrazide and diacetone acrylamide have been widely used in water-based paint emulsion.
Hexanedihydrazide is weakly alkaline, solid Hexanedihydrazide is directly added to the emulsion may produce coalescence, usually Hexanedihydrazide should be dissolved in hot water (poor solubility in cold water) and reused.

Hexanedihydrazide bifunctional compound, which can be cross-linked with sodium hyaluronate as a protein drug carrier.
Hexanedihydrazide plays a cross-linking role with diacetone acrylamide in the post-crosslinking of water emulsion and water-soluble polymer, such as water-based coatings, adhesives, fibers, plastic film treatment, hair spray, etc., and can also be used as epoxy powder coating curing agent And water-based coating additives, metal deactivators and other polymer additives and water treatment agents, indoor formaldehyde adsorbents and intermediate raw materials.

The same type of bifunctional linker for aldehydes can produce relatively stable hydrazone linkage; for the linkage of carbohydrate proteins, such as antibodies, periodate oxidation reaction occurs at a specific form of position; at pH 5.0, oxidation reaction and coupling reaction can be carried out conveniently, hydrazide derived from low pKa value can avoid competitive reaction through primary amine.

Hexanedihydrazide is mainly used for epoxy powder coating curing agent and coating additives, metal deactivator and other polymer additives and water treatment agents.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a crosslinking agent in acrylic emulsion with ketone group.

Hexanedihydrazide is used in epoxy adhesives and sealants.
Hexanedihydrazide is used crosslinking agent for self crosslinking emulsion resins using DAAM.
Hexanedihydrazide, also known as ADH or Adipohydrazide, can be used as a hardener for epoxy resins and for cross-linking water-based emulsions.

Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
Hexanedihydrazide is used analytical Reagents, Diagnostic Reagents, Teaching Reagents.

Hexanedihydrazide is used for Biological Purpose, For Tissue Medium Purpose, For Electron Microscopy, For Lens Blooming, Pro Analysis, Super Special Grade, For Scintillation, For Electrophoresis Use, For Refractive Index.
Hexanedihydrazide is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

Hexanedihydrazide is used in the following products: coating products, adhesives and sealants, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, finger paints, polymers, non-metal-surface treatment products, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
The same bifunctional crosslinking reagent, Hexanedihydrazide, is specially used for aldehydes to generate relatively stable hydrazone links.

Other release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).
Other release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).

Hexanedihydrazide can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles covered by End of Life Vehicles (ELV) directive (e.g. personal vehicles or delivery vans).
In particular, Hexanedihydrazide is used to connect glycoproteins, such as antibodies.

Hexanedihydrazide is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, paper chemicals and dyes, textile treatment products and dyes and washing & cleaning products.
Hexanedihydrazide is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and wood and wood products.

Other release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide is likely to occur from: outdoor use, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

Hexanedihydrazide is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and finger paints.
Release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.

Hexanedihydrazide is used in the following products: paper chemicals and dyes, coating products, textile treatment products and dyes, adhesives and sealants, finger paints, laboratory chemicals, washing & cleaning products and water treatment chemicals.
Hexanedihydrazide is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, pulp, paper and paper products and plastic products.

Release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of Hexanedihydrazide can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.

Hexanedihydrazide is a homobifunctional cross-linking reagent specific for aldehydes resulting in relatively stable hydrazone linkages.
Hexanedihydrazide is typically, used in the linking of glycoproteins, such as antibodies, in a site-specific fashion following periodate oxidation.
Oxidation and coupling may conveniently be performed at pH 5.0 due to the low pKa of the hydrazide which avoids competition by primary amines.

Hexanedihydrazide is used to functionalize magnetic nanoparticles for gylcopeptitde enrichment and identification.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a chain extension for liquid rubber.

Hexanedihydrazide is used for synthesis.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a formaldehyde scavenger and reacts with formaldehyde, thereby preventing the volatilizing of formaldehyde in the air.

Hexanedihydrazide is also employed as a paint additive and coating additive.
Hexanedihydrazide is also used as an intermediate.

Further, Hexanedihydrazide is used for cross-linking water-based emulsions and as a hardener for certain epoxy resins, which finds application in powder coating.
Hexanedihydrazide is widely used as cross-linker in waterborne acrylic emulsions.

Hexanedihydrazide is added to the water phase in a PUD.
Crosslinking occurs during the drying and film coalescence process which is ideal for maximizing the film properties including gloss, scrub, stain and wear resistance and durability.

Other crosslinking methods where crosslinking occurs prior to film coalescence exhibit reduced performance properties including poor flow and leveling.
The full reactivity characteristics of Hexanedihydrazide are ideal for PUR systems.
Alternative curatives which show incomplete crosslinking due to slow reactivity and the lack of curative mobility in a dry film will also compromise performance.

The DAAM/Hexanedihydrazide pair is also used in crosslinkable sizing agents, thickeners, adhesives, and sealants.
Hexanedihydrazide is a unique crosslinking agent and curative, offering controlled reactivity and performance enhancements in epoxy resins, polyurethane dispersions (PUDs), solvent based PURs and emulsion acrylic resins.

The major applications for Hexanedihydrazide are a latent curing agent for B-stageable epoxy resins and an ambient temperature crosslinking agent for high performance acrylic emulsion architectural coatings.
Systems crosslinked or cured with Hexanedihydrazide exhibit good color stability and weathering characteristics, adhesion, durability, hardness, and toughness.

Hexanedihydrazide is a chemical used for cross-linking water-based emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide can also be used as a hardener for certain epoxy resins.

Hexanedihydrazide is used as a difunctional crosslinking agent in paints and coatings for certain water-based acrylic emulsions.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a hardener for epoxy resins and a chain extender for polyurethanes.

A small use is as a formaldehyde scavenger preventing the liberation of formaldehyde.
One component epoxy resins are used in coatings such as powder coatings, adhesives including hot melt adhesives, molding compounds and in fiber reinforced composites.

Glass and carbon fiber prepreg obtained by a hot melt impregnation method are used in the fabrication of sporting goods, wind turbine blades and aircraft/aerospace components.
With Hexanedihydrazide cure, epoxy resins exhibit excellent toughness, flexibility, and adhesive properties.

Tg’s of 140-160 °C are achievable using a standard liquid bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA) with Hexanedihydrazide as the hardener.
Rigid and flexible epoxy adhesives have been formulated as one component systems that can be stored at room temperature using Hexanedihydrazide as a latent curing agent.
Rigid epoxy adhesives are based on bisphenol A and novolac epoxides.

These rigid adhesives exhibit excellent cohesive and adhesive properties to a wide variety of surfaces.
Flexible epoxy adhesives produce more pliable bonds which better accommodate bond line stresses or differential substrate expansion rates.

Flexible epoxy resins include aliphatic di- and tri-epoxy resins such as hexanediol diglycidyl ether and poly(oxypropylene) diglycidyl ethers.
Semi-rigid epoxy-based adhesives utilize mixtures of both classes of epoxy resins or rigid formulations using flexibilizers.

Epoxy Resins:
A notable fact with regard to Hexanedihydrazide in epoxy formulations is that each of the primary amine end groups has a functionality of two, so the Hexanedihydrazide molecule has an equivalency of four per epoxy moiety.
Accordingly, the active hydrogen equivalent weight of Hexanedihydrazide is 43.5.
When formulated with epoxy resins, the Hexanedihydrazide index can range between 0.85-1.15 of stoichiometric proportions, without a significant effect on mechanical properties.

Industry Uses:
Adhesion/cohesion promoter
Binder
Hardener
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizer

Consumer Uses:
Hardener
Other
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Biochem/physiol Actions of Hexanedihydrazide:
Hexanedihydrazide is a low molecular weight compound that comprises a hydrazide group at each end.
This leads to the supply of extra adsorption sites for heavy metals that maintain or elevate the adsorption capacities of the cross-linked adsorbents.
Hexanedihydrazide is used as a crosslinker in various fields, like making mechanical latexes films and injectable oxidized hyaluronic acid hydrogel.

General Manufacturing Information of Hexanedihydrazide:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive Manufacturing
Custom Compounding of Purchased Resins
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Printing Ink Manufacturing

Typical Properties of Hexanedihydrazide:
Hexanedihydrazide is physical and chemical properties appearance white crystalline powder
Hexanedihydrazide is soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetone, and acetic anhydride or acid chloride can occur acylation reaction, is an important amide hydrazine compounds.

Hexanedihydrazide serves as a difunctional crosslinking agent in paints and coatings applied to specific water-based acrylic emulsions.
Additionally, Hexanedihydrazide acts as a hardener for epoxy resins and a chain extender for polyurethanes.
Moreover, Hexanedihydrazide finds a minor application as a formaldehyde scavenger, preventing the release of formaldehyde.

Polyurethane Dispersions (Puds):
Hexanedihydrazideis an effective room temperature curative for aqueous PUDs and solution polyurethanes.
In this capacity, Hexanedihydrazide provides polyurea coatings with higher hardness, toughness and adhesion properties, excellent mechanical properties, abrasion and chemical resistance.
Hexanedihydrazide cured polyurethane coatings exhibit good color stability and weathering properties, which is not observed with standard amine curatives.

Handling And Storage of Hexanedihydrazide:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage stability:

Recommended storage temperature:
20 °C

Stability And Reactivity of Hexanedihydrazide:

Chemical stability:
Hexanedihydrazide is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

First Aid Measures of Hexanedihydrazide:

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Fresh air.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.

Fire Fighting Measures of Hexanedihydrazide:

Extinguishing media:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental Release Measures of Hexanedihydrazide:

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions:
Take up dry.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.

Exposure Controls/personal Protection of Hexanedihydrazide:

Personal protective equipment:

Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses.

Skin protection:

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min

Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.

Identifiers of Hexanedihydrazide:
CAS number: 1071-93-8
EC number: 213-999-5
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄N₄O₂
Molar Mass: 174.2 g/mol
HS Code: 2928 00 90
Flash point: 150 °C
Ignition temperature: 360 °C
Melting Point: 180 - 182 °C
Melting Point: 178.0°C to 182.0°C
Color: White to Yellow
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 8%
Linear Formula: H2NNHCO(CH2)4CONHNH2
Beilstein: 02, I, 277
Solubility Information Solubility in water: soluble.
Other solubilities: soluble in acetic acid,slightly soluble in acetone,
insoluble in ethanol,ether and benzene
Formula Weight: 174.2
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder

Molecular Weight: 174.20100
Exact Mass: 174.20
EC Number: 213-999-5
UNII: VK98I9YW5M
NSC Number: 29542|3378
DSSTox ID: DTXSID0044361
HScode: 2928000090
PSA: 110.24000
XLogP3: -2.1
Appearance: DryPowder
Density: 1.186 g/cm3
Melting Point: 171 °C @ Solvent: Water
Boiling Point: 519.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: > 109ºC
Refractive Index: 1.513
Water Solubility: H2O: soluble
Storage Conditions: -20ºC
Vapor Pressure: 6.92E-11mmHg at 25°C

Properties of Hexanedihydrazide:
Molecular Weight: 174.20 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -2.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 174.11167570 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 174.11167570 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 110Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Complexity: 142
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: powder
Color: white
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point
Melting point/range: 180 - 182 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 150 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 102 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -2,7 at 20 °C

Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: No data available
Relative density: 1,29 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Formula: C6H14N4O2
Molar Mass: 174.2
Density: 1.186g/cm3
Melting Point: 175-182℃
Boling Point: 519.3°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 267.9°C
Water Solubility: soluble
Vapor Presure: 6.92E-11mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: White crystal

Storage Condition: 2-8℃
Sensitive: Sensitive to air
Refractive Index: 1.513
MDL: MFCD00007614
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 519.30 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 514.00 °F. TCC ( 267.90 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.670 (est)
Soluble in: water, 3.287e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Appearance (Colour): White to pale yellow
Appearance (Form): Powder
Solubility: (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility: (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless to pale yellow
Assay (NT): min. 95.0%
Melting Point: 178 - 182°C
Loss on drying: max. 0.5%

CAS Number: 1071-93-8
Abbreviations: ADH
Beilstein Reference: 973863
ChemSpider: 59505
ECHA InfoCard: 100.012.727
EC Number: 213-999-5
MeSH: Adipic+dihydrazide
PubChem CID: 66117
RTECS number: AV1400000
UNII: VK98I9YW5M
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID0044361
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H14N4O2/c7-9-5(11)3-1-2-4-6(12)10-8/h1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,11)(H,10,12)
Key: IBVAQQYNSHJXBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C6H14N4O2/c7-9-5(11)3-1-2-4-6(12)10-8/h1-4,7-8H2,(H,9,11)(H,10,12)
Key: IBVAQQYNSHJXBV-UHFFFAOYAB
SMILES: O=C(NN)CCCCC(=O)NN

Specifications of Hexanedihydrazide:
Color according to Munsell color system: not more intensely colored than reference standard NE12
Assay (HClO₄): ≥ 97.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 178 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 182 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 180 - 183 Deg C:
Fe: <0.0005%:
Loss on Drying: <0.5%:
Sulfate: <0.005%:
Assay: >99%:
Methanol: <0.1%:
Non Volatile Matter: <0.01%:
Cl: <0.005%:
Appearance: White crystalline powder:
Hydrazine: <20ppm

Related compounds of Hexanedihydrazide:
hexanedioic acid
Adipic dihydrazide
hexanedioyl dichloride
hexanedinitrile
hexanediamide

Names of Hexanedihydrazide:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Adipic dihydrazide

Other names:
Hexanedihydrazide
Adipohydrazide
Adipyl hydrazide
HEXANE-1,6-DIOL
Hexane-1,6-diol is prepared by the hydrogenation of adipic acid or its esters.
Laboratory preparation could be achieved by reduction of adipates with lithium aluminium hydride, although this method is impractical on a commercial scale.
Hexane-1,6-diol is an organic compound with the formula (CH2CH2CH2OH)2.

CAS: 629-11-8
MF: C6H14O2
MW: 118.17
EINECS: 211-074-0

Hexane-1,6-diol is a colorless water-soluble solid.
Hexane-1,6-diol is a no-irritating to the skin. However, it can be irritative to the respiratory tract and mucous membrane.
Hexane-1,6-diol vapours or dust cause irritation to the eye. Severe eye exposure may cause conjunctivitis, iritis, and diffuse corneal opacity.
A diol that is hexane substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 6.
Hexane-1,6-diol is a diol compound that has gained significant attention in the scientific community due to its unique properties and potential applications.
Hexane-1,6-diol is a colorless liquid that is soluble in water and organic solvents, and it has a wide range of industrial and scientific applications.

Hexane-1,6-diol Chemical Properties
Melting point: 38-42 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 250 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.96
Vapor pressure: 0.53 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: 1.457
Fp: 215 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
Form: Waxy Flakes
pka: 14.87±0.10(Predicted)
Color: White
PH: 7.6 (900g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 6.6-16%(V)
Water Solubility: 500 g/L
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.1
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.1
Merck: 14,4690
BRN: 1633461
InChIKey: XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 629-11-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hexane-1,6-diol (629-11-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexane-1,6-diol (629-11-8)

Uses
Hexane-1,6-diol is widely used for industrial polyester and polyurethane production.
Hexane-1,6-diol can improve the hardness and flexibility of polyesters as it contains a fairly long hydrocarbon chain.
In polyurethanes, Hexane-1,6-diol is used as a chain extender, and the resulting modified polyurethane has high resistance to hydrolysis as well as mechanical strength, but with a low glass transition temperature.
Hexane-1,6-diol is also an intermediate to acrylics as a crosslinking agent, e.g. hexanediol diacrylate.
Unsaturated polyester resins have also been made from Hexane-1,6-diol, along with styrene, maleic anhydride and fumaric acid.
Hexane-1,6-diol is used in polymer synthesis such as polyester, polyurethane and nylon.
Hexane-1,6-diol is used as an intermediate to adhesives, acrylics and dyestuffs.
Further, Hexane-1,6-diol is employed in gasoline refining and pharmaceutical production.

Polyurethanes
Hexane-1,6-diol is widely utilized in the manufacture of polyesterols such as sebacates, azelates, and adipates.
Hexane-1,6-diol are resistant to hydrolysis and have low glass transition temperature as well as high mechanical levels.
Hexane-1,6-diol is used as an ingredient in the preparation of a wide range of tailor-made products for numerous specialty and standard applications.

In Acrylics
Hexane-1,6-diol is utilized as an ingredient in the manufacture of the bifunctional hexanediol diacrylate which is a monomer that is normally used in conjunction with other acrylic monomers as a reactive diluent for decorative coatings and printing inks.

In Adhesives
Urethanes and co-terephthalates that are based on Hexane-1,6-diol provide faster better tack properties and crystallization.
Due to its low glass transition property, Hexane-1,6-diol offers high flexibility as well as excellent adhesive properties.

Other Uses
Hexane-1,6-diol is incorporated into the production of other compounds used in polymeric thickeners, sizing agents, plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride, pesticides, and surfactants dyestuffs as a flexible building block.

Quality and Analysis
The assay of the pure product is about 98 %; impurities are various diols and -caprolactone as well as traces of water.
The color number of the product determined photometrically according to the Pt/Co scale must not exceed 15 APHA.
Above 70 ℃, Hexane-1,6-diol tends to turn yellow.

Synonyms
1,6-HEXANEDIOL
Hexane-1,6-diol
629-11-8
Hexamethylene glycol
1,6-Dihydroxyhexane
Hexamethylenediol
alpha,omega-Hexanediol
.alpha.,.omega.-Hexanediol
1,6-Hexylene Glycol
6-hydroxy-1-hexanol
DTXSID1027265
CHEBI:43078
NSC-508
ZIA319275I
1,1,6,6-D4-1,6-HEXANDIOL
27236-13-1
HEZ
CCRIS 8982
HSDB 6488
NSC 508
EINECS 211-074-0
BRN 1633461
UNII-ZIA319275I
AI3-03307
1,6hexanediol
1.6-hexanediol
1,6-hexandiol
1.6-hexandiol
.omega.-Hexanediol
1,6-hexane diol
1,6-hexan-diol
hexan-1,6-diol
Hexanediol-(1,6)
HEXANEDIOL [INCI]
1,6-Hexanediol, 97%
1,6-Hexanediol, 99%
EC 211-074-0
WLN: Q6Q
HO(CH2)6OH
SCHEMBL15343
CHEMBL458616
DTXCID907265
NSC508
1,6-HEXANEDIOL [HSDB]
HEXAMETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI]
Tox21_200450
MFCD00002985
AKOS003242194
CS-W011221
DB02210
NCGC00248624-01
NCGC00258004-01
AS-12686
BP-21412
CAS-629-11-8
FT-0607014
H0099
EN300-19325
1,6-Hexanediol, >=99% C6-Dioles basis (GC)
A834086
Q161563
J-504039
F0001-1701
Z104473540
InChI=1/C6H14O2/c7-5-3-1-2-4-6-8/h7-8H,1-6H
HEXANEDIOIC ACID
Hexanedioic acid also known as Adipic acid is a dibasic acid with the molecular formula C3H8O4, CAS 124-04-9.
Hexanedioic acid is slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol and acetone.
Hexanedioic acid is the most important dicarboxylic acid with roughly 2.5 billion kilograms produced annually and mainly used as a precursor to nylon production.

CAS Number: 124-04-9
EC Number: 204-673-3
Molecular Formula: C6H10O4
Molar Mass: 146.14 g/mol

Hexanedioic Acid, also known as Adipic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid.
Hexanedioic acid is an intermediate for nylon and a precursor in the synthesis of polyester polyols for polyurethane systems and thermoplastic polyurethanes.
Hexanedioic acid is colorless crystalline powder.

Hexanedioic acid is an organic dicarboxylic acid.
Available in various quantities, Hexanedioic acid is used as a monomer in nylon production.
Other applications include use as a monomer for polyurethane production, a component of controlled-release drugs, and a food additive.

Hexanedioic acid, solid white powder, is a very important organic compound for today chemical industry.
Hexanedioic acid (AA), CAS number is 124-04-9, is a dicarboxylic acid with the formula: (CH2)4(COOH)2; for the chemical point of view, 1,6 Hexanedioic acid.

The main Hexanedioic acid application is the production of nylon by a polycondensation reaction.
Nylons are produced by the reaction of bifunctional monomers containing equal parts of amine and carboxylic acid.
Besides the production of Nylon 6,6 as well as specialty nylon grades, Hexanedioic acid, CAS 124-04-9, finds many other applications, like polyester polyols for polyurethanes (PU), manufacturing of resins for paper products, unsaturated polyester resins, adipates production, plasticizers for PVC and a small share of the market is ingredient for food and medication.

90% of Hexanedioic acid is consumed in the industry for the production of nylon by poly-condensation with hexamethylenediamine.
Hexanedioic acid is mainly used for the production of nylon 6,6 polymer for fibers and plastics.

Nylon has a protein-like structure.
Hexanedioic acid can be further processed into the fibers for applications in carpets (felts), automobile tire cords and clothing.

Hexanedioic acid can be used in the production of Hexanedioic acid plasticizer and lubricant components.
Hexanedioic acid can be used in the production of polyester polyols for polyurethane systems.

Technical grade Hexanedioic acid can be used to produce plasticizers, to add flexibility and to give flexibility to unsaturated polyesters.
Hexanedioic acid can be used in the production of rigid and flexible foams, in the production of wire coaters, elastomers and adhesives, to increase the flexibility of alkyd resins, in the production of wet strong resins and in the production of synthetic lubricants and oils for the paper chemical industry.

Hexanedioic acid, mol wt 146.14, HOOCCH2CH2CH,CH2COOH, is a white crystalline solid with a melting point of about 152°C.
Little of this dicarboxylic acid occurs naturally, but Hexanedioic acid is produced on a very large scale at several locations around the world.

The majority of this material is used in the manufacture of Nylon-6,6 polyamide, which is prepared by reaction with 1,6-hexanediamine.
Hexanedioic acid is a colorless, odorless, sour-tasting crystalline solid that undergoes reactions including esterification, amidation, reduction, halogenation, salt formation, and dehydration.

Hexanedioic acid also undergoes several industrially significant polymerization reactions.
Hexanedioic acid historically has been manufactured predominantly from cyclohexane.
However, much research continues to be directed to alternative feedstocks, especially butadiene and cyclohexene, as dictated by shifts in hydrocarbon pricing.

Air quality regulations may exert further pressure for alternative routes as manufacturers seek to avoid NOx abatement costs.
When dispersed as a dust, Hexanedioic acid is subject to normal dust explosion hazards.

The material is an irritant, especially upon contact with the mucous membranes.
Protective goggles or face shields should be worn when handling the material.

The material should be stored in corrosion-resistant containers, away from alkaline or strong oxidizing materials.
Hexanedioic acid is a very large-volume organic chemical and is one of the top 50 chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume, although demand is highly cyclic.

Hexanedioic acid for nylon takes ∼60% of U.S. cyclohexane production.
Hexanedioic acid is relatively nontoxic.

Hexanedioic acid is an important inudstrial dicarboxylic acid with about 2.5 billion kilograms produced per year.
Hexanedioic acid is used mainly in the production of nylon.
Hexanedioic acid occurs relatively rarely in nature.

Hexanedioic acid has a tart taste and is also used as an additive and gelling agent in jello or gelatins.
Hexanedioic acid is also used in some calcium carbonate antacids to make them tart.

Hexanedioic acid has also been incorporated into controlled-release formulation matrix tablets to obtain pH-independent release for both weakly basic and weakly acidic drugs.
Hexanedioic acid in the urine and in the blood is typically exogenous in origin and is a good biomarker of jello consumption.

In fact, a condition known as Hexanedioic aciduria is actually an artifact of jello consumption.
However, certain disorders (such as diabetes and glutaric aciduria type I.) can lead to elevated levels of Hexanedioic acid snd other dicarboxcylic acids (such as suberic acid) in urine.

Moreover, Hexanedioic acid is also found to be associated with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency, carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase deficiency, malonyl-Coa decarboxylase deficiency, and medium Chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, which are inborn errors of metabolism.
Hexanedioic acid is also microbial metabolite found in Escherichia.

Hexanedioic acid or hexanedioic acid is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(COOH)2.
From an industrial perspective, Hexanedioic acid is the most important dicarboxylic acid: about 2.5 billion kilograms of this white crystalline powder are produced annually, mainly as a precursor for the production of nylon.

Hexanedioic acid otherwise rarely occurs in nature, but Hexanedioic acid is known as manufactured E number food additive E355.
Salts and esters of Hexanedioic acid are known as adipates.

Hexanedioic acid is a white crystalline solid.
Hexanedioic acid is insoluble in water.

The primary hazard is the threat to the environment.
Immediate steps should be taken to limit Hexanedioic acid spread to the environment.
Hexanedioic acid is used to make plastics and foams and for other uses.

Hexanedioic acid is a straight-chain aliphatic dicarboxylic acid, commonly used in the manufacturing of nylon-6,6 and plasticizers.
Conventionally Hexanedioic acid was manufactured from petrochemicals but in recent days Hexanedioic acid can be synthesized from renewable substrates by means of biological methods.

Hexanedioic acid, or more formally hexanedioic acid, is a white crystalline solid that melts at 152 ºC.
Hexanedioic acid is one of the most important monomers in the polymer industry.

Hexanedioic acid is found in beet juice, but the article of commerce—≈2.5 million tonnes of Hexanedioic acid per year—is manufactured.
In 1906, French chemists L. Bouveault and R. Locquin reported that Hexanedioic acid can be produced by oxidizing cyclohexanol.
Today, the most common manufacturing process is the nitric acid (HNO3) oxidation of a cyclohexanol–cyclohexanone mixture called KA (for ketone–alcohol) oil.

Almost all Hexanedioic acid is used as a comonomer with hexamethylenediamine to produce nylon 6-6.
Hexanedioic acid is also used to manufacture other polymers such as polyurethanes.

Using HNO3 to produce Hexanedioic acid has its downside: Copious amounts of nitrous oxide (N2O), a greenhouse gas, are coproduced and released into the atmosphere.
In late 2014, K. C. Hwang and A. Sagadevan of National Tsing Hua University (Hsinchu City, Taiwan) reported a process that uses ozone and ultraviolet (UV) light to oxidize KA oil to Hexanedioic acid.

This method eliminates the production of N2O.
But before the process can be used commercially, problems associated with the formation of organic peroxides from ozone and the difficulty of using UV light on a large scale must be overcome.

Applications of Hexanedioic acid:
Hexanedioic acid is used to make nylon, polyurethane foams, lubricants, and plasticizers.
Hexanedioic acid is used in adhesives, baking powder, and food flavoring.

The major markets for Hexanedioic acid include use as feedstocks for nylon 6,6 resins and fibers, polyester polyols and plasticzers.
Documented applications for Hexanedioic acid are as a lubricant additive in coatings and foams and shoe soles, as a tanning agent in the leather industry, as a pH regulator in processes such as the manufacture of cleaning agents, as a pelletizing agent in disinfectant pills for drinking water, as an additive in flue gas sulphation, in dishwasher tablets.

Hexanedioic acid is used as an additive in coating and chemicals.
Hexanedioic acid is used as an acidulant in dry powdered food mixtures, especially in those products having delicate flavors & where addition of a tang to the flavor is undesirable.

Hexanedioic acid addition to foods imparts a smooth, tart taste.
In grape-flavored products, Hexanedioic acid adds a lingering supplementary flavor and gives an excellent set to food powders containing gelatin.

For concentrations of Hexanedioic acid ranging from 0.5-2.4 g/100 mL, the pH varies less than half a unit.
pH is low enough to inhibit browning of most fruits and other foodstuffs.

Hexanedioic acid can be used as a starting material in the preparation of:
Aliphatic polyesters by reacting with ethyleneglycol/1,3 propyleneglycol/1,4-butanediol using inorganic acid as a catalyst.
Cyclopentanone using a weak base such as Na2CO3.
Linear polybutylene adipate (PBA) having carboxylic acids at the terminals by reacting with 1,4-butanediol.

Uses of Hexanedioic acid:
More than 92% of the production of Hexanedioic acid is dedicated for the production of nylon 6,6 by a reaction with HMD Hexamethylene diamine.
Hexanedioic acid is used in nylon is utilized in fibbers, clothing, plastics, filaments, food packaging.

Hexanedioic acid is also used in polyurethane resins, foam, shoe soles, and as food additive.
Esters of Hexanedioic acid are used as plasticizers for PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) resins and lubricant component.

Hexanedioic acid is one of the largest chemical distributor in Europe.
Hexanedioic acid is handling the storage, transport, export & import formalities of Hexanedioic acid globally.

About 60% of the 2.5 billion kg of Hexanedioic acid produced annually is used as monomer for the production of nylon by a polycondensation reaction with hexamethylene diamine forming nylon 66.
Other major applications also involve polymers; Hexanedioic acid is a monomer for production of polyurethane and Hexanedioic acid esters are plasticizers, especially in PVC.

In medicine:
Hexanedioic acid has been incorporated into controlled-release formulation matrix tablets to obtain pH-independent release for both weakly basic and weakly acidic drugs.
Hexanedioic acid has also been incorporated into the polymeric coating of hydrophilic monolithic systems to modulate the intragel pH, resulting in zero-order release of a hydrophilic drug.

The disintegration at intestinal pH of the enteric polymer shellac has been reported to improve when Hexanedioic acid was used as a pore-forming agent without affecting release in the acidic media.
Other controlled-release formulations have included Hexanedioic acid with the intention of obtaining a late-burst release profile.

In foods:
Small but significant amounts of Hexanedioic acid are used as a food ingredient as a flavorant and gelling aid.
Hexanedioic acid is used in some calcium carbonate antacids to make them tart.

As an acidulant in baking powders, Hexanedioic acid avoids the undesirable hygroscopic properties of tartaric acid.
Hexanedioic acid, rare in nature, does occur naturally in beets, but this is not an economical source for commerce compared to industrial synthesis.

Other Uses of Hexanedioic acid:
Alcoholic beverages,
Baked goods,
Condiments,
Relishes,
Fats,
Oils,
Gelatins,
Pudding,
Gravies,
Imitation dairy,
Instant coffee,
Tea,
Meat products,
Nonalcoholic beverages,
Poultry,
Snack foods,
Adhesives and Sealants,
Alkyd resins,
Beamhouse,
Carrier for fragances,
Coal,
Crop Protection,
Environment protection,
Gas desulphurization,
Hardener and crosslinking agents for polymeres,
Manufacturing of coating,
Manufacturing of dyestuffs,
Manufacturing of fibres,
Manufacturing of herbicides,
Manufacturing of pharmaceutical agents,
Manufacturing of photochemicals,
Manufacturing of plastics,
Manufacturing of tensides,
Manufacturing of textile dyestuffs,
Manufacturing of textiles dyestuffs,
Paper Manufacture,
Plasticizers for polymeres,
Polyester,
Polyester resins,
Polymer auxiliaries,
Soaking,
Synthetic lubricants,
Textile dyestuffs.

Production of Hexanedioic acid:
Hexanedioic acid is white, crystalline compound mainly obtained by oxidation of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone with nitric acid.
An alternative method of production of Hexanedioic acid is the hydrocarbonylation of butadiene, oxidation cleavage of cyclohexene.

Manufacturing Methods of Hexanedioic acid:
Commercially important processes employ two major reaction stages.
The first reaction stage is the production of the intermediates cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol, usually abbreviated as KA, KA oil, ol-one, or anone-anol.
The KA (ketone, alcohol), after separation from unreacted cyclohexane (which is recycled) and reaction by-products, is then converted to Hexanedioic acid by oxidation with nitric acid.

Cyclohexane is produced by the oxidation of cyclohexanol or cyclohexanone with air or nitric acid.

Preparation and Reactivity of Hexanedioic acid:
Hexanedioic acid is produced from a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol called KA oil, the abbreviation of ketone-alcohol oil.
The KA oil is oxidized with nitric acid to give Hexanedioic acid, via a multistep pathway.

Early in the reaction, the cyclohexanol is converted to the ketone, releasing nitrous acid:
HOC6H11 + HNO3 → OC(CH2)5 + HNO2 + H2O

Among Hexanedioic acid many reactions, the cyclohexanone is nitrosated, setting the stage for the scission of the C-C bond:
HNO2 + HNO3 → NO+NO3− + H2O
OC6H10 + NO+ → OC6H9-2-NO + H+

Side products of the method include glutaric and succinic acids.
Nitrous oxide is produced in about one to one mole ratio to the Hexanedioic acid, as well, via the intermediacy of a nitrolic acid.

Related processes start from cyclohexanol, which is obtained from the hydrogenation of phenol.

Alternative methods of production:
Several methods have been developed by carbonylation of butadiene.

For example, the hydrocarboxylation proceeds as follows:
CH2=CH−CH=CH2 + 2 CO + 2 H2O → HO2C(CH2)4CO2H

Another method is oxidative cleavage of cyclohexene using hydrogen peroxide.
The waste product is water.

Historically, Hexanedioic acid was prepared by oxidation of various fats, thus the name (ultimately from Latin adeps, adipis – "animal fat"; cf. adipose tissue).

Reactions:
Hexanedioic acid is a dibasic acid (Hexanedioic acid has two acidic groups).
The pKa values for their successive deprotonations are 4.41 and 5.41.

With the carboxylate groups separated by four methylene groups, Hexanedioic acid is suited for intramolecular condensation reactions.
Upon treatment with barium hydroxide at elevated temperatures, Hexanedioic acid undergoes ketonization to give cyclopentanone.

Environmental of Hexanedioic acid:
The production of Hexanedioic acid is linked to emissions of N2O, a potent greenhouse gas and cause of stratospheric ozone depletion.

At Hexanedioic acid producers DuPont and Rhodia (now Invista and Solvay, respectively), processes have been implemented to catalytically convert the nitrous oxide to innocuous products:
2 N2O → 2 N2 + O2

Adipate salts and esters:
The anionic (HO2C(CH2)4CO2−) and dianionic (−O2C(CH2)4CO2−) forms of Hexanedioic acid are referred to as adipates.
An adipate compound is a carboxylate salt or ester of the acid.

Some adipate salts are used as acidity regulators, including:
Sodium adipate (E number E356)
Potassium adipate (E357)

Some adipate esters are used as plasticizers, including:
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate
Dioctyl adipate
Dimethyl adipate

Human Metabolite Information of Hexanedioic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Kidney
Liver

Handling and Storage of Hexanedioic acid:

Nonfire Spill Response:
Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Hexanedioic acid without risk.

Prevent dust cloud.
For Asbestos, avoid inhalation of dust.

Cover spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Do not clean up or dispose of, except under supervision of a specialist.

SMALL DRY SPILL:
With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely.
Move containers from spill area.

SMALL SPILL:
Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading.
Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.

Storage Conditions of Hexanedioic acid:

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids.

Safety of Hexanedioic acid:
Hexanedioic acid, like most carboxylic acids, is a mild skin irritant.
Hexanedioic acid is mildly toxic, with a median lethal dose of 3600 mg/kg for oral ingestion by rats.

First Aid Measures of Hexanedioic acid:

General notes:
Take off contaminated clothing.

Following inhalation:
Provide fresh air.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Following skin contact:
Rinse skin with water/shower.
In all cases of doubt, or when symptoms persist, seek medical advice.

Following eye contact:
Irrigate copiously with clean, fresh water for at least 10 minutes, holding the eyelids apart.
In case of eye irritation consult an ophthalmologist.

Following ingestion:
Rinse mouth.
Call a doctor if you feel unwell.

INHALATION:
Remove victim to fresh air.
Get medical attention if irritation persists.

EYES:
Flush with water for at least 15 min.

SKIN:
Flush with water.

Fire Fighting of Hexanedioic acid:

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or regular foam.
Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams.

If Hexanedioic acid can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.
Dike runoff from fire control for later disposal.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS:
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.
Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Hexanedioic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.

Stop discharge if possible, keep people away.
Shut off ignition sources.

Call fire department.
Avoid contact with solid and dust.
Isolate and remove discharged material.

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.
Solid streams of water may spread fire.

Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.
Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.

Accidental Release Measures of Hexanedioic acid:

Isolation and Evacuation:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids.

SPILL:
Increase the immediate precautionary measure distance, in the downwind direction, as necessary.

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Hexanedioic acid:
Sweep spilled substance into covered plastic containers.
If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Wash away remainder with plenty of water.

Cleanup Methods of Hexanedioic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
Avoid dust formation.

Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Evacuate personnel to safe areas.
Avoid breathing dust.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Environmental considerations- land spill:
Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material.
If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner.
Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.

Environmental considerations- water spill:
Use natural deep water pockets, excavated lagoons, or sand bag barriers to trap material at bottom.
If dissolved, in region of 10 ppm or greater concentration, apply activated carbon at ten times the spilled amount.

Remove trapped material with suction hoses.
Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.

Electrochemical measurements have been made on the system Cu(2+), Hexanedioic acid, nitric acid (which models the effluent from Hexanedioic acid plants) to investigate the reasons for the observed low current efficiency for copper deposition from such soln.
The most probable cause is a cathodic shift in the deposition potential of copper making the reduction of NO3- the preferred process.

Depletion experiments have been carried out on real effluent in two three-dimensional cells, a bipolar trickle tower and a porous reticulated carbon bed.
Each performs reasonably well and, while the current efficiencies are low (about 20%), the deposition is essentially mass-transfer controlled.

Neutralizing agents for acids and caustics:
Rinse with dilute soda ash solution.

Identifiers of Hexanedioic acid:
CAS Number: 124-04-9
Beilstein Reference: 1209788
ChEBI: CHEBI:30832
ChEMBL: ChEMBL1157
ChemSpider: 191
ECHA InfoCard: 100.004.250
EC Number: 204-673-3
E number: E355 (antioxidants, ...)
Gmelin Reference: 3166
KEGG: D08839
PubChem CID: 196
RTECS number: AU8400000
UNII: 76A0JE0FKJ
UN number: 3077
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7021605

InChI:
InChI=1S/C6H10O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C6H10O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYAY

SMILES:
O=C(O)CCCCC(=O)O
C(CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O

CAS number: 124-04-9
EC index number: 607-144-00-9
EC number: 204-673-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₀O₄
Molar Mass: 146.14 g/mol
HS Code: 2917 12 00

CAS Number: 124-04-9
Molecular Weight: 146.14
Beilstein: 1209788
EC Number: 204-673-3
MDL number: MFCD00004420
eCl@ss: 39021711
PubChem Substance ID: 57653836
NACRES: NA.21

CAS: 124-04-9
Molecular Formula: C6H10O4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 146.142
MDL Number: MFCD00004420
InChI Key: WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 196
ChEBI: CHEBI:30832
IUPAC Name: hexanedioic acid
SMILES: C(CCC(=O)O)CC(=O)O

Properties of Hexanedioic acid:
Chemical formula: C6H10O4
Molar mass: 146.142 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystals[1]
Monoclinic prisms[2]
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.360 g/cm3
Melting point: 152.1 °C (305.8 °F; 425.2 K)
Boiling point: 337.5 °C (639.5 °F; 610.6 K)
Solubility in water: 14 g/L (10 °C)
24 g/L (25 °C)
1600 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility: Very soluble in methanol, ethanol
soluble in acetone, acetic acid
slightly soluble in cyclohexane
negligible in benzene, petroleum ether
log P: 0.08
Vapor pressure: 0.097 hPa (18.5 °C) = 0.073 mmHg
Acidity (pKa): 4.43, 5.41
Conjugate base: Adipate
Viscosity: 4.54 cP (160 °C)

Density: 1.36 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Flash point: 196 °C
Ignition temperature: 405 °C
Melting Point: 150.85 °C
pH value: 2.7 (23 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.097 hPa (18.5 °C)
Bulk density: 700 kg/m3
Solubility: 15 g/l

General Properties: White, solid crystals
Odor: Odorless
Intensity: 1.360 g/cm3
Boiling point: 337,5°C
Melting point: 152,1 °C
Flash point: 196°C
Vapor pressure: 0,0073 mmHg (18,5 °C)
Refraction index: –
Solubility (aquenous): 14g/L (10°C), 1600 g/L (100°C)

Vapor density: 5 (vs air)
Quality Level: 200
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg ( 159.5 °C)
Assay: 99%
Form: crystals
Autoignition temp.: 788 °F
bp: 265 °C/100 mmHg (lit.)
mp: 151-154 °C (lit.)
Solubility: H2O: soluble 23 g/L at 25 °C
SMILES string: OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C6H10O4/c7-5(8)3-1-2-4-6(9)10/h1-4H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
InChI key: WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 146.14
XLogP3: 0.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 146.05790880
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.05790880
Topological Polar Surface Area: 74.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 114
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Hexanedioic acid:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 150 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 154 °C
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 151.0°C to 153.0°C
Boiling Point: 337.0°C
CAS Min %: 98.5
CAS Max %: 100.0
Color: White
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Linear Formula: HO2C(CH2)4CO2H
Beilstein: 02, 649
Fieser: 01,15
Merck Index: 15, 150
Formula Weight: 146.14
Percent Purity: 99%
Quantity: 500 g
Flash Point: 196°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: Hexanedioic acid

Structure of Hexanedioic acid:
Crystal structure: Monoclinic

Thermochemistry of Hexanedioic acid:
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −994.3 kJ/mol[3

Related Products of Hexanedioic acid:
Hydroxynorketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
(S)-Ketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
Norketamine-d4
S-(-)-Norketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
Phencyclidine-d5 Hydrochloride

Related compounds of Hexanedioic acid:

Related dicarboxylic acids:
glutaric acid
pimelic acid

Related compounds:
hexanoic acid
adipic acid dihydrazide
hexanedioyl dichloride
hexanedinitrile
hexanediamide

Names of Hexanedioic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Hexanedioic acid

Other names:
Adipic acid
Butane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
Hexane-1,6-dioic acid
1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid

Synonyms of Hexanedioic acid:
adipic acid
hexanedioic acid
124-04-9
Adipinic acid
1,4-Butanedicarboxylic acid
Adilactetten
Acifloctin
Acinetten
1,6-Hexanedioic acid
Molten adipic acid
Kyselina adipova
Adipinsaure [German]
Acide adipique [French]
FEMA No. 2011
Kyselina adipova [Czech]
Hexanedioate
Adipinsaeure
adipic-acid
Adipidic acid
Adi-pure
NSC 7622
Adipic acid [NF]
NSC-7622
Hexan-1,6-dicarboxylate
76A0JE0FKJ
Hexanedioc acid
INS NO.355
1,6-HEXANE-DIOIC ACID
E-355
CHEBI:30832
INS-355
NSC7622
Adipic acid (NF)
NCGC00091345-01
E355
hexane-1,6-dioic acid
Adipinsaure
Acide adipique
FEMA Number 2011
CAS-124-04-9
CCRIS 812
HSDB 188
EINECS 204-673-3
MFCD00004420
UNII-76A0JE0FKJ
BRN 1209788
Adipinate
Molten adipate
AI3-03700
hexane dioic acid
1,6-Hexanedioate
0L1
Adipic acid, 99%
Neopentyl Glycol Flake
Adipic acid-[13C6]
1, 6-Hexanedioic Acid
Adipic acid, >=99%
ADIPIC ACID [II]
ADIPIC ACID [MI]
WLN: QV4VQ
ADIPIC ACID [FCC]
bmse000424
EC 204-673-3
ADIPIC ACID [FHFI]
ADIPIC ACID [HSDB]
ADIPIC ACID [INCI]
SCHEMBL4930
CHEMBL1157
NCIOpen2_001004
NCIOpen2_001222
HOOC-(CH2)4-COOH
ADIPIC ACID [MART.]
Adipic acid, >=99.5%
4-02-00-01956 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
ADIPIC ACID [USP-RS]
ADIPIC ACID [WHO-DD]
BIDD:ER0342
INS No. 355
DTXSID7021605
Adipic acid, puriss., 99.8%
Pharmakon1600-01301012
ADIPIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
ZINC1530348
Tox21_111118
Tox21_202161
Tox21_300344
BBL011615
LMFA01170048
NSC760121
s3594
STL163338
AKOS000119031
Tox21_111118_1
CCG-230896
CS-W018238
HY-W017522
NSC-760121
NCGC00091345-02
NCGC00091345-03
NCGC00091345-04
NCGC00091345-05
NCGC00254389-01
NCGC00259710-01
AC-10343
BP-21150
BP-30248
Hexanedioic Acid, Butanedicarboxylic Acid
A0161
Adipic acid, BioXtra, >=99.5% (HPLC)
Adipic acid, SAJ special grade, >=99.5%
E 355
FT-0606810
EN300-18041
Adipic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=99%
C06104
D08839
D70505
AB00988898-01
AB00988898-03
Q357415
SR-01000944270
J-005034
J-519542
SR-01000944270-2
Z57127533
Adipic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
F0001-0377
Adipic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
1F1316F2-7A32-4339-8C2A-8CAA84696C95
Adipic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
124-04-9 [RN]
204-673-3 [EINECS]
Acide adipique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Adipic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
Adipinsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Asapic
Hexanedioic acid [ACD/Index Name]
Inipol DS
kwas adypinowy [Polish]
kyselina adipová [Czech]
MFCD00004420 [MDL number]
1,4-butanedicarboxylic acid
1,6-HEXANEDIOIC ACID
1,6-HEXANE-DIOIC ACID
121311-78-2 [RN]
19031-55-1 [RN]
2-Oxoadipic acid
52089-65-3 [RN]
Acifloctin
Acinetten
Adilactetten
Adipic Acid FCC
adipicacid
adipinic acid
Butane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
BUTANEDICARBOXYLIC ACID
Hexanedioic-3,3,4,4-d4 Acid
hydron [Wiki]
QV4VQ [WLN]
Hexanoate d'éthyle ( Ethyl hexanoate)
SYNONYMS 1-Hexanoic acid; 1-Pentanecarboxylic acid; Butylacetic acid; Hexanoic acid; Hexoic acid; Hexylic acid; n-Caproic Acid; n-Hexanoic Acid; n-Hexoic acid; n-Hexylic acid; Pentiformic acid; Pentylformic acid; CAS NO. 142-62-1
HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL- (2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID)
DESCRIPTION:
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, also known as 2-ethylhexanoic acid or 2-EHA, is an industrial chemical.
A major use of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is in the preparation of metal salts and soaps used as drying agents in paint and inks, and as thermal stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is also used in the manufacture of resins used in automobile windshields and vinyl flooring.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is not manufactured in Canada, but it is imported into Canada.

CAS:149-57-5
European Community (EC) Number: 205-743-6
Molecular Formula: C8H16O2


2-Ethylhexanoic acid, also known as 2-ethylhexanoate or alpha-ethylcaproic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral. 2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound.


Ethylhexoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is slightly soluble in water.

Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.

Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is a branched-chain fatty acid.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Artemisia arborescens with data available


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless viscous oil.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is supplied as a racemic mixture.


PRODUCTION OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-ethylhexenal, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.


Metal ethylhexanoates:
65% Solution of cobalt(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) in mineral spirits, tilted vial to illustrate color and viscosity.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.

They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents."
They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.
These metal complexes are often described as salts. They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes.
Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.



APPLICATIONS OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-EHA) is one of the flagship products within Perstorp Group which has the largest production capacity in the world.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless liquid with one carboxylic group based on a C8 carbon chain.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is widely used in esters for PVB film plasticizers and synthetic lubricants, in production of metal soaps for paint driers, in automotive coolants and PVC stabilizers.

Other application areas include wood preservatives, catalyst for polyurethane and in pharmaceuticals.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is generally used to produce metal derivatives which are dissolved in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (EHXA, 2-EHA) is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.

Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.

Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) has various industrial applications, such as:
• coolant in automotives
• synthetic lubricant
• wetting agent
• co-solvent
• drying of paints
• defoaming agent in pesticides


2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is a versatile monocarboxylic acid chemical intermediate.
Automotive:
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the production of corrosion inhibitors for automotive coolants.

Coatings:
This monomer is used in the synthesis of alkyd resins provides improved yellowing resistanct than the standard fatty acids.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is particularly suitable for stoving enamels and two-component coatings.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is also used as a raw material for metal based paint driers.

Lubricants :
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is a major raw material for polyolesters used in synthetic lubricants.

Personal Care:
In cosmetics, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-ethylhexanoic acid) is used to produce emollients.

Other :
The production of polyvinylbutyral (PVB) plasticizers and polyvinylchloride (PVC) stabilizers in the form of metal salts.
Other applications include, catalyst for polymer production, raw material for acid chloride and fragrances.




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL- (2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL- (2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
Molecular Weight
144.21 g/mol
XLogP3
2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Rotatable Bond Count
5
Exact Mass
144.115029749 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
144.115029749 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
37.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count
10
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
99.4
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Chemical formula, C8H16O2
Molar mass, 144.214 g•mol−1
Appearance, Colorless liquid
Density, 903 mg mL−1
Melting point, −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point, 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K
log P, 2.579
Vapor pressure, Acidity (pKa), 4.819
Basicity (pKb), 9.178
Refractive index (nD), 1.425
Thermochemistry,
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298), −635.1 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298), -4.8013–4.7979 MJ mol−1
CAS number, 149-57-5
EC index number, 607-230-00-6
EC number, 205-743-6
Hill Formula, C₈H₁₆O₂
Molar Mass, 144.21 g/mol
HS Code, 2915 90 70
Boiling point, 226 - 229 °C (1013 hPa)
Density, 0.91 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit, 0.9 - 6.7 %(V)
Flash point, 114 °C
Ignition temperature, 310 °C
Melting Point, -59 °C
pH value, 3 (1.4 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure, Solubility, 1.4 g/l


SYNONYMS OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL- (2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
149-57-5
2-Ethylcaproic acid
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-
Ethylhexanoic acid
Ethylhexoic acid
2-Ethylhexoic acid
Butylethylacetic acid
2-Butylbutanoic acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
Ethyl hexanoic acid
2-ethyl-hexoic acid
2-ethyl hexanoic acid
alpha-Ethylcaproic acid
2-ethyl-hexanoic acid
Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-
alpha-ethyl caproic acid
.alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
01MU2J7VVZ
2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID,AR
61788-37-2
DTXSID9025293
CHEBI:89058
NSC-8881
2-ethylhexanoicacid
2-Ethylhexansaeure
DTXCID805293
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, >=99%
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, analytical standard
CAS-149-57-5
2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID
CCRIS 3348
HSDB 5649
Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova [Czech]
NSC 8881
Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova
EINECS 205-743-6
(+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
UNII-01MU2J7VVZ
Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova [Czech]
BRN 1750468
Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova
AI3-01371
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-
EINECS 262-971-9
MFCD00002675
2-Ethylcapronic acid
2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid
alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid
.alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid
EC 205-743-6
SCHEMBL25800
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 99%
MLS002415695
CHEMBL1162485
WLN: QVY4 & 2
NSC8881
HMS2267F21
STR05759
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201406
Tox21_300108
LMFA01020087
AKOS009031416
AT29893
CS-W016381
SB44987
SB44994
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester
NCGC00091324-01
NCGC00091324-02
NCGC00091324-03
NCGC00253985-01
NCGC00258957-01
SMR001252268
E0120
FT-0612273
FT-0654390
EN300-20410
Q209384
W-109079
F0001-0703
Z104478072
18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID)
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


CAS Number: 149-57-5
72377-05-0 S enantiomer
56006-48-5 R enantiomer
EC Number: 205-743-6
MDL number: MFCD00002675
Molecular Formula: C8H16O2 / CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)COOH
Chemical formula: C8H16O2



2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID, 149-57-5, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-hexoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, alpha-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-, alpha-ethyl caproic acid, .alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 61788-37-2, 01MU2J7VVZ, 2-EHA,
2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID,AR, DTXSID9025293, CHEBI:89058, NSC-8881, MFCD00002675, 2-ethylhexanoicacid, 2-Ethylhexansaeure, DTXCID805293, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, >=99%, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, analytical standard, CAS-149-57-5, 2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID, CCRIS 3348, HSDB 5649, NSC 8881, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova,
EINECS 205-743-6, (+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID, UNII-01MU2J7VVZ, α-Ethylcaproic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, NSC 8881, 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexanoate, ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE, 2-Ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexanoat, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, Dragoxate EH, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester, DRAGOXAT EH, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, Caproic acid,α-ethyl-, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, α-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, (±)-2-Ethylhexanoic acid, NSC 8881, Octylic acid, 83829-68-9, 202054-39-5 Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-ETHYLCAPROIC ACID, 2-ethylhexanoic, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, CAPRYLIC ACID(SG), 2-ETHYLCAPRONIC ACID, (RS)-2-Ethylhexansαure, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, BRN 1750468, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, AI3-01371, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-, EINECS 262-971-9, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, 2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid, alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid, .alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid, EC 205-743-6, SCHEMBL25800, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 99%, MLS002415695, CHEMBL1162485, WLN: QVY4 & 2, NSC8881, HMS2267F21, STR05759, 2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID [HSDB],
Tox21_201406, Tox21_300108, LMFA01020087, AKOS009031416, AT29893, CS-W016381, SB44987, SB44994, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester, NCGC00091324-01, NCGC00091324-02, NCGC00091324-03, NCGC00253985-01, NCGC00258957-01, SMR001252268, E0120, FT-0612273, FT-0654390, NS00010660, EN300-20410, Q209384, W-109079,
F0001-0703, Z104478072, 18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material,



Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless viscous oil.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is supplied as a racemic mixture.
Other applications of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) include, catalyst for polymer production, raw material for acid chloride and fragrances.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is slightly soluble in water.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) will burn though 2-Ethylhexanoic acid may take some effort to ignite.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is slightly soluble in water.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless, high boiling liquid having a mild odor.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colourless liquid.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a branched-chain fatty acid.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid), also known as 2-ethylhexanoic acid or 2-EHA, is an industrial chemical.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite. It is slightly soluble in water.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is corrosive to metals and tissue.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a branched-chain fatty acid.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Artemisia arborescens with data available.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is found in fruits.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is found in grapes.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) belongs to the family of Branched Fatty Acids.
These are fatty acids containing a branched chain.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is slightly soluble in water.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a branched-chain fatty acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the production of corrosion inhibitors for automotive coolants.
Lubricants uses of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid): Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a major raw material for polyolesters used in synthetic lubricants.


Personal Care uses of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid): In cosmetics, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used to produce emollients.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
For example, tin 2-ethylhexanoate is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.
Further, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.


In addition to this, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used as a reactant in esterification , decarboxylative alkynylation , and preparation of alkyl coumarins via decarboxylative coupling reactions.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the organocatalytic medium for the preparation of various 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones by Biginelli reaction.
PHexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used paint and varnish driers (metallic salts).


Ethylhexoates of light metals are used to convert some mineral oils to greases.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid)'s esters are used as plasticizers.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.


Other release to the environment of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the following products: coating products.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.


Release to the environment of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.


Release to the environment of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is slightly soluble in water.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is corrosive to metals and tissue.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used Auto OEM


Cosmetic and personal care intermediate, Paints & coatings, and Pharmaceutical chemicals.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used the production of polyvinylbutyral (PVB) plasticizers and polyvinylchloride (PVC) stabilizers in the form of metal salts.


-Coatings uses of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid):
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is used in the synthesis of alkyd resins provides improved yellowing resistanct than the standard fatty acids.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is particularly suitable for stoving enamels and two-component coatings.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is also used as a raw material for metal based paint driers.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
*Branched fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Branched fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PREPARATION OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
In a dry 1L three-neck bottle, Add isooctyl aldehyde (80g, 0.62mol) And the solvent Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (240g, 1.66mol), ligand L8 (5.24mg, 0.007mmol), cesium carbonate (18.24mg, 0.056mmol), potassium acetate 160mg, placed in a water bath, mechanical under nitrogen atmosphere Stir, after the temperature rises to 30 ° C, Air flow was started at a flow rate of 11.9 g/h, and the reaction temperature was maintained at 30-35 ° C by adding cooling water to the water bath.
After 6 hours of reaction, the conversion of isooctyl aldehyde was calculated to be 99.6%.
The selectivity of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) was 99.5%, and the yield was 99.10%.



HOW IS HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) USED?
A major use of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is in the preparation of metal salts and soaps used as drying agents in paint and inks, and as thermal stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is also used in the manufacture of resins used in automobile windshields and vinyl flooring.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is not manufactured in Canada, but it is imported into Canada.



PRODUCTION OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-ethylhexenal, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.

Metal ethylhexanoates:
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.

They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents."
They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.
These metal complexes are often described as salts.

They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes.
Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.

Examples of metal ethylhexanoates:
Hydroxyl aluminium bis(2-ethylhexanoate), used as a thickener
Tin(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 301-10-0), a catalyst for polylactide and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
Cobalt(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 136-52-7), a drier for alkyd resins
Nickel(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 4454-16-4)



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0.
Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.
Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.

Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat.

A wide variety of products is possible.
Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
Chemical formula: C8H16O2
Molar mass: 144.214 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 903 mg mL−1
Melting point: −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point: 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K
log P: 2.579
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 4.819
Basicity (pKb): 9.178
Refractive index (nD): 1.425
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −635.1 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): -4.8013–4.7979 MJ mol−1
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.89300 to 0.91300 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.431 to 7.597

Refractive Index: 1.42000 to 1.42600 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -59.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 220.00 to 223.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.030000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 4.98 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 244.00 °F. TCC ( 117.78 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.640
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 2000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Molecular Weight: 144.21 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 144.115029749 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.115029749 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 99.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Water Solubility: 2.07 g/L
logP: 2.61
logP: 2.8
logS: -1.8
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 5.14
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2

Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 40.25 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 16.99 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -59 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 228 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,7 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: 114 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 3 at 1,4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 2,7 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure 13 hPa at 115 °C: < 0,01 hPa at 20 °C

Density: 0,903 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapo density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,98 - (Air = 1.0)
Chemical formula: C8H16O2
Molar mass: 144.214 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 903 mg mL−1
Melting point: −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point: 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K

log P: 2.579
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 4.819
Basicity (pKb): 9.178
Refractive index (nD) 1.425
Melting point: -59 °C
Boiling point: 228 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.906
vapor density: 4.98 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.425(lit.)
Flash point: 230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 1.4g/l
form: Liquid

pka: pK1:4.895 (25°C)
color: Clear
PH: 3 (1.4g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Mild odour
PH Range: 3 at 1.4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity: 7.73 cps
explosive limit: 1.04%, 135°F
Water Solubility: 2 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1750468
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.7 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 149-57-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 2

FDA UNII: 01MU2J7VVZ
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(149-57-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (149-57-5)
Molecular Weight:293.40
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:6
Rotatable Bond Count:11
Exact Mass:293.22022309
Monoisotopic Mass:293.22022309
Topological Polar Surface Area:101
Heavy Atom Count:20
Complexity:155
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:2
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes




FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA)
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a branched-chain fatty acid.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Artemisia arborescens with data available.


CAS Number: 149-57-5
72377-05-0 S enantiomer
56006-48-5 R enantiomer
EC Number: 205-743-6
MDL number: MFCD00002675
Molecular Formula: C8H16O2 / CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)COOH
Chemical formula: C8H16O2



SYNONYMS:
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, Caproic acid,α-ethyl-, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, α-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, (±)-2-Ethylhexanoic acid, NSC 8881, Octylic acid, 83829-68-9, 202054-39-5, α-Ethylcaproic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, NSC 8881, 2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID, 149-57-5, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-hexoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, alpha-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-, alpha-ethyl caproic acid, .alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 61788-37-2, 01MU2J7VVZ, 2-EHA, 2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID,AR, DTXSID9025293, CHEBI:89058, NSC-8881, MFCD00002675, 2-ethylhexanoicacid, 2-Ethylhexansaeure, DTXCID805293, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, >=99%, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, analytical standard, CAS-149-57-5, 2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID, CCRIS 3348, HSDB 5649, NSC 8881, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, EINECS 205-743-6, (+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID, UNII-01MU2J7VVZ, α-Ethylcaproic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, NSC 8881, 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexanoate, ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE, 2-Ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexanoat, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, Dragoxate EH, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester, DRAGOXAT EH, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, Caproic acid,α-ethyl-, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, α-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, (±)-2-Ethylhexanoic acid, NSC 8881, Octylic acid, 83829-68-9, 202054-39-5 Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-ETHYLCAPROIC ACID, 2-ethylhexanoic, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, CAPRYLIC ACID(SG), 2-ETHYLCAPRONIC ACID, (RS)-2-Ethylhexansαure, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, BRN 1750468, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, AI3-01371, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-, EINECS 262-971-9, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, 2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid, alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid, .alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid, EC 205-743-6, SCHEMBL25800, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 99%, MLS002415695, CHEMBL1162485, WLN: QVY4 & 2, NSC8881, HMS2267F21, STR05759, 2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID [HSDB], Tox21_201406, Tox21_300108, LMFA01020087, AKOS009031416, AT29893, CS-W016381, SB44987, SB44994, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester, NCGC00091324-01, NCGC00091324-02, NCGC00091324-03, NCGC00253985-01, NCGC00258957-01, SMR001252268, E0120, FT-0612273, FT-0654390, NS00010660, EN300-20410, Q209384, W-109079, F0001-0703, Z104478072, 18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material,



Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is slightly soluble in water.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a branched-chain fatty acid.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Artemisia arborescens with data available.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is found in fruits.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is found in grapes.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) belongs to the family of Branched Fatty Acids.


These are fatty acids containing a branched chain.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is slightly soluble in water.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is an industrial chemical.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a versatile monocarboxylic acid chemical intermediate.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colorless viscous oil.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is supplied as a racemic mixture.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite. It is slightly soluble in water.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is corrosive to metals and tissue.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is slightly soluble in water.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is corrosive to metals and tissue.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a branched-chain fatty acid.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is slightly soluble in water.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is corrosive to metals and tissue.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a colourless liquid



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used in the following products: coating products.
Release to the environment of this substance can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
Automotive: Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used in the production of corrosion inhibitors for automotive coolants.
A major use of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is in the preparation of metal salts and soaps used as drying agents in paint and inks, and as thermal stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is also used in the manufacture of resins used in automobile windshields and vinyl flooring.
Lubricants uses of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA): Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a major raw material for polyolesters used in synthetic lubricants.


Personal Care: In cosmetics, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used to produce emollients.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used the production of polyvinylbutyral (PVB) plasticizers and polyvinylchloride (PVC) stabilizers in the form of metal salts.


Other applications of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) include, catalyst for polymer production, raw material for acid chloride and fragrances.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.


For example, tin 2-ethylhexanoate is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.


Further, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.
In addition to this, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.


2-Ethylhexanoic acid can be used as a reactant in esterification , decarboxylative alkynylation , and preparation of alkyl coumarins via decarboxylative coupling reactions.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used in the organocatalytic medium for the preparation of various 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones by Biginelli reaction.


Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is used paint and varnish driers (metallic salts).
Ethylhexoates of light metals are used to convert some mineral oils to greases.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA)'s esters are used as plasticizers.


-Coatings uses of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA):
This monomer, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA), is used in the synthesis of alkyd resins provides improved yellowing resistanct than the standard fatty acids.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is particularly suitable for stoving enamels and two-component coatings.
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is also used as a raw material for metal based paint driers.



PRODUCTION OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-ethylhexenal, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.

*Metal ethylhexanoates
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.

They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents."
They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.
These metal complexes are often described as salts.

They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes.
Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.

Examples of metal ethylhexanoates:
Hydroxyl aluminium bis(2-ethylhexanoate), used as a thickener
Tin(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 301-10-0), a catalyst for polylactide and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
Cobalt(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 136-52-7), a drier for alkyd resins
Nickel(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 4454-16-4)



PREPARATION OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
In a dry 1L three-neck bottle, Add isooctyl aldehyde (80g, 0.62mol) And the solvent Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) (240g, 1.66mol), ligand L8 (5.24mg, 0.007mmol), cesium carbonate (18.24mg, 0.056mmol), potassium acetate 160mg, placed in a water bath, mechanical under nitrogen atmosphere

Stir, after the temperature rises to 30 ° C, Air flow was started at a flow rate of 11.9 g/h, and the reaction temperature was maintained at 30-35 ° C by adding cooling water to the water bath.
After 6 hours of reaction, the conversion of isooctyl aldehyde was calculated to be 99.6%.
The selectivity of Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) was 99.5%, and the yield was 99.10%.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
*Branched fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Branched fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(2-Ethylhexanoic acid) (2-EHA) is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0. Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in it to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.
Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

The reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides generates flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.
Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.

Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.

These reactions generate heat.
A wide variety of products is possible.
Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
Chemical form
Molecular Weight: 144.21100 g/mol
Exact Mass: 144.21
EC Number: 262-971-9
ICSC Number: 0477
NSC Number: 8881
UN Number: 1993
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9025293
Color/Form: Clear liquid
HScode: 29159080
Density: 0.9031 g/cm3 @ 25 °C
Melting Point: -59 °C
Boiling Point: 228 °C
Flash Point: 114ºC
Refractive Index: 1.424-1.426

Water Solubility: Solubility in water, g/100ml: 0.14 (very poor)
Storage Conditions: Keep container closed when not in use.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Vapor Pressure: Vapor Density: 4.98 (vs air)
Flammability Characteristics: Lower flammable limit: 0.8% by volume;
Upper flammable limit: 6.0% by volume
Explosive Limit: vol% in air: 0.8
Odor: Mild odor
Henry's Law Constant: Henry's Law constant = 2.8X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Experimental Properties: Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 8.18X10-12 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)
Air and Water Reactions: No rapid reaction with air.
No rapid reaction with water.
Reactive Group: Acids, Carboxylic

Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 903 mg mL−1
Melting point: −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point: 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K
log P: 2.579
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 4.819
Basicity (pKb): 9.178
Refractive index (nD): 1.425
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −635.1 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): -4.8013–4.7979 MJ mol−1
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.89300 to 0.91300 @ 25.00 °C.

Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.431 to 7.597
Refractive Index: 1.42000 to 1.42600 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -59.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 220.00 to 223.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.030000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 4.98 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 244.00 °F. TCC ( 117.78 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.640
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 2000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Molecular Weight: 144.21 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2

Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 144.115029749 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.115029749 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 99.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Water Solubility: 2.07 g/L

logP: 2.61
logP: 2.8
logS: -1.8
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 5.14
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 40.25 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 16.99 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Autoignition Temperature: 699 °F (USCG, 1999) | 700 °F (371 °C) | 371 °C

Critical Temperature & Pressure:
Critical temperature: 615.2 Kula: C8H16O2
Molar mass: 144.214 g·mol−1
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -59 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 228 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,7 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: 114 °C - closed cup

Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 3 at 1,4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 2,7 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure 13 hPa at 115 °C: < 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,903 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapo density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,98 - (Air = 1.0)
Chemical formula: C8H16O2
Molar mass: 144.214 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 903 mg mL−1
Melting point: −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point: 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K
log P: 2.579
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 4.819
Basicity (pKb): 9.178
Refractive index (nD) 1.425

Melting point: -59 °C
Boiling point: 228 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.906
vapor density: 4.98 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.425(lit.)
Flash point: 230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 1.4g/l
form: Liquid
pka: pK1:4.895 (25°C)
color: Clear
PH: 3 (1.4g/l, H2O, 20℃)

Odor: Mild odour
PH Range: 3 at 1.4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity: 7.73 cps
explosive limit: 1.04%, 135°F
Water Solubility: 2 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1750468
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.7 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 149-57-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 2

FDA UNII: 01MU2J7VVZ
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(149-57-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (149-57-5)
Molecular Weight:293.40
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:6
Rotatable Bond Count:11
Exact Mass:293.22022309
Monoisotopic Mass:293.22022309
Topological Polar Surface Area:101
Heavy Atom Count:20
Complexity:155
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:2
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYL-(2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID) (2-EHA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


HEXANOL
Hexanol is a linear primary alcohol.
Hexanol (IUPAC name hexan-1-ol) is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH.
Hexanol is used as a precursor to plasticizers, chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, perfume esters and antiseptics.

CAS Number: 111-27-3
EC Number: 203-852-3
Molecular Formula: C6H14O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 102.177

Two additional straight chain isomers of Hexanol, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, exist, both of which differing by the location of the hydroxyl group.
Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C6H13OH.
Hexanol is used in the perfume industry.

Hexanol is used as a precursor to plasticizers, chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, perfume esters and antiseptics.
Further, Hexanol serves as a perturbing agent on actomyosin adenosine triphosphatease.
In addition to this, Hexanol is used to modulate the function of actomyosin motor.

Hexanol is an organic alcohol with a six carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH.
This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with ether and ethanol.

Two additional straight chain isomers of Hexanol exist, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, both of which differ by the location of the hydroxyl group.
Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C6H13OH.

Hexanol (IUPAC name hexan-1-ol) is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH.
This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol.

Hexanol is believed to be a component of the odour of freshly mown grass.
Hexanol is used in the perfume industry.

Hexanol is an organic alcohol with a six carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH.
This colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with ether and ethanol.

Hexanol is a linear primary alcohol.
Hexanol is formed as an intermediate during the catalytic transformation of cellulose.

The ability of 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) in Hexanol solvent system to capture carbon dioxide has been assessed.
The solubility of light fullerenes in Hexanol as a function of temperature and pressure was studied.

Hexanol is produced from coconut oil and palm oils.
Hexanol is used in the production of antiseptics, fragrances and perfumes.
Hexanol is also used as a solvent in the production of plasticizers.

Two additional straight chain isomers of Hexanol exist, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, both of which differ by the location of the hydroxyl group.
Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C6H13OH.
Hexanol is an alcohol extracted from yeast and produced during fermentation of alcoholic beverages.

Applications of Hexanol:
Hexanol is used to make plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride.
Reaction with phthalic anhydride gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DOP, DEHP).

Reaction with adipic acid gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate.
Moreover, esterification with acrylic acid gives 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for use in adhesives and paints.
On the other hand, because Hexanol can dissolve many organic materials well, Hexanol is widely used as a low-volatility solvent.

Hexanol is used as a precursor to plasticizers, chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, perfume esters and antiseptics.
Further, Hexanol serves as a perturbing agent on actomyosin adenosine triphosphatease.
In addition to this, Hexanol is used to modulate the function of actomyosin motor.

Uses of Hexanol:
Hexanol is used to produce plasticizers, antiseptics, fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and finishing agents for textile and leather.
Hexanol is used as a flavoring agent and a solvent for fats, waxes, dyes, and paints.

Hexanol is synthetic flavoring ingredient
Hexanol is used in pharmaceuticals (introduction of hexyl group into hyponics, antiseptics, perfume esters, etc), solvent, plasticizer, intermediate for textile and leather finishing agents.

Industry Uses:
Aerating and deaerating agents
Fuel
Intermediate
Lubricating agent
Monomers
Solvent
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surfactant (surface active agent)
Wetting agent (non-aqueous)

Consumer Uses:
Flavoring and nutrient
Fuel
Lubricating agent
Monomers
Solvent

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Painting (Solvents)

Preparation of Hexanol:
Hexanol is produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products.

An idealized synthesis is shown:
Al(C2H5)3 + 6C2H4 → Al(C6H13)3
Al(C6H13)3 + 1+1⁄2O2 + 3H2O → 3HOC6H13 + Al(OH)3

The process generates a range of oligomers that are separated by distillation.

Alternative methods:
Another method of preparation entails hydroformylation of 1-pentene followed by hydrogenation of the resulting aldehydes.
This method is practiced in industry to produce mixtures of isomeric C6-alcohols, which are precursors to plasticizers.

In principle, 1-hexene could be converted to Hexanol by hydroboration (diborane in tetrahydrofuran followed by treatment with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide).
This method is instructive and useful in laboratory synthesis but of no practical relevance because of the commercial availability of inexpensive Hexanol from ethylene.

Manufacturing Methods of Hexanol:
Addition of ethylene to triethylaluminum followed by oxidation of the growth product, hydrolysis, and fractional distillation; from condensation of n-butyraldehyde and acetaldehyde, followed by dehydration and hydrogenation.

Laboratory preparation by action of butylmagnesium bromide on ethylene oxide 1,3-hexadienal with iron wire in presence of nickel acetate
Industrial preparation by reducing ethyl caproate with sodium in absolute alcohol.

Reaction of acetaldehyde and crotonaldehyde followed by hydrogenation.

General Manufacturing Information of Hexanol:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Mining (except Oil and Gas) and support activities
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Other (requires additional information)
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Petrochemical Manufacturing
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing

Commercial products from the family of 6 to 11 carbon alcohols that make up the plasticizer range are available both as pure single carbon chain materials and as complex isomeric mixtures.
Commercial descriptions of plasticizer range alcohols are in general a pure material is called "-anol" /eg, Hexanol/, and the mixtures are called "-yl alcohol /eg, hexyl alcohol/ or "iso...yl alcohol" /isohexyl alcohol/.

Occurrence in Nature of Hexanol:
Hexanol is believed to be a component of the odour of freshly mown grass.
Alarm pheromones emitted by the Koschevnikov gland of honey bees contain Hexanol.
Hexanol also is partly responsible for the fragrance of strawberries.

Characteristics of Hexanol:
Hexanol, also called octanol, is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species.
Hexanol is hardly soluble in water, but is soluble in almost all organic solvents.
Our Hexanol has very low-level impurities and may be used as a raw material for a wide variety of chemicals.

MeSH Pharmacological Classification of Hexanol:

Nicotinic Antagonists:
Drugs that bind to nicotinic cholinergic receptors (RECEPTORS, NICOTINIC) and block the actions of acetylcholine or cholinergic agonists.
Nicotinic antagonists block synaptic transmission at autonomic ganglia, the skeletal neuromuscular junction, and at central nervous system nicotinic synapses.

Anesthetics:
Agents capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain.
They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

Action Mechanism of Hexanol:
Ethanol and Hexanol were found to have two competing concentration-dependent effects on the Ca(2+)- and phorbol ester- or diacylglycerol-dependent activities of PKCalpha associated with either RhoA or Cdc42, consisting of a potentiation at low alcohol levels and an attenuation of activity at higher levels.
Measurements of the Ca(2+), phorbol ester, and diacylglycerol concentration-response curves for Cdc42-induced activation indicated that the activating effect corresponded to a shift in the midpoints of each of the curves to lower activator concentrations, while the attenuating effect corresponded to a decrease in the level of activity induced by maximal activator levels.
The presence of ethanol enhanced the interaction of PKCalpha with Cdc42 within a concentration range corresponding to the potentiating effect, whereas the level of binding was unaffected by higher ethanol levels that were found to attenuate activity.

Human Metabolite Information of Hexanol:

Cellular Locations:
Extracellular
Membrane

Reactivity Profile of Hexanol:
Hexanol is an alcohol.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.

They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.

Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.
They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.

Handling and Storage of Hexanol:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do Hexanol without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Safe Storage:
Separated from strong oxidants.

Storage Conditions:
Protect containers against physical damage.
Keep containers closed and store in well-ventilated, cool place.

Fire Fighting of Hexanol:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.
Do not use dry chemical extinguishers to control fires involving nitromethane (UN1261) or nitroethane (UN2842).

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto the product.
If Hexanol can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
If this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Use alcohol-resistant foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide.
In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Fire Fighting Procedures of Hexanol:
Use carbon dioxide, dry chemical or "alcohol" foam extinguisher.
Water is ineffective to fire fighting, but is effective to keep fire-exposed containers cool.

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Solid streams of water may be ineffective.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Apply water from as far a distance as possible.
Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical.
Keep run off water out of sewers and water sources.

Accidental Release Measures of Hexanol:

IMMEDIATE PRECAUTIONARY MEASURE:
Isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions.

LARGE SPILL:
Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet).

FIRE:
If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.
Also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions.

Spillage Disposal of Hexanol:

Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of Hexanol.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in covered containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Cleanup Methods of Hexanol:
Absorb on paper.
Evaporate on a glass or iron dish in hood.
Burn the paper.

Disposal Methods of Hexanol:
The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination.
Recycle any unused portion of the material for Hexanol approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier.

Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider:
The material's impact on air quality.
Potential migration in soil or water

Effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life.
Conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Spray into the furnace.
Incineration will become easier by mixing with a more flammable solvent.

Preventive Measures of Hexanol:

If material not on fire and not involved in fire:
Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away.
Keep material out of water sources and sewers.

Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.
Attempt to stop leak if without undue personnel hazard.
Use water spray to knock-down vapors.

Personnel protection:
Avoid breathing vapors.
Avoid bodily contact with the material.

Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.
Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.
If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Identifiers of Hexanol:
CAS Number: 111-27-3
Beilstein Reference 969167
ChEBI: CHEBI:87393
ChEMBL: ChEMBL14085
ChemSpider: 7812
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.503
EC Number: 203-852-3
MeSH: 1-Hexanol
PubChem CID: 8103
RTECS number: MQ4025000
UNII: 6CP2QER8GS
UN number: 2282
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID8021931
InChI: InChI=1S/C6H14O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7/h7H,2-6H2,1H3
Key: ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CCCCCCO

CAS number: 111-27-3
EC index number: 603-059-00-6
EC number: 203-852-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄O
Molar Mass: 102.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 19 00

Synonym(s): Hexyl alcohol
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)5OH
CAS Number: 111-27-3
Molecular Weight: 102.17
Beilstein: 969167
EC Number: 203-852-3
MDL number: MFCD00002982
PubChem Substance ID: 57650899
NACRES: NA.21

CAS: 111-27-3
Molecular Formula: C6H14O
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 102.177
MDL Number: MFCD00002982
InChI Key: ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 8103
ChEBI: CHEBI:87393
IUPAC Name: hexan-1-ol
SMILES: CCCCCCO

Properties of Hexanol:
Chemical formula: C6H14O
Molar mass: 102.177 g·mol−1
Appearance colorless: liquid
Density: 0.82 g cm−3 (at 20 °C)[2]
Melting point: −45 °C (−49 °F; 228 K)
Boiling point: 157 °C (315 °F; 430 K)
Solubility in water: 5.9 g/L (at 20 °C)
log P: 1.858
Vapor pressure: 100 Pa (at 25.6 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.4178 (at 20 °C)

Density: 0.82 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.2 - 7.7 %(V)
Flash point: 60 °C
Ignition temperature: 285 °C
Vapor pressure: 3.64 hPa (38 °C)
Viscosity kinematic: 3.64 mm2/s (40 °C)
Solubility: 1.3 g/l

Grade: anhydrous
Quality Level: 100
Vapor density: 4.5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mmHg ( 25.6 °C)
Assay: ≥99%
Form: liquid
Autoignition temp.: 559 °F
Expl. lim.: 0.34-6.3 %
Impurities: <0.005% water
evapn. residue: <0.0005%
Refractive index: n20/D 1.418 (lit.)
bp: 156-157 °C (lit.)
mp: −52 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.814 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: CCCCCCO
InChI: 1S/C6H14O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7/h7H,2-6H2,1H3
InChI key: ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Weight: 102.17
XLogP3: 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 102.104465066
Monoisotopic Mass: 102.104465066
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 27.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of Hexanol:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 98 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.818 - 0.819
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -52°C
Density: 0.814
Boiling Point: 157°C
Flash Point: 60°C (140°F)
Assay Percent Range: 99%
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)5OH
UN Number: UN2282
Beilstein: 969167
Merck Index: 14,4697
Refractive: Index 1.418
Quantity: 2500 mL
Solubility Information: Miscible with ethanol, acetone, chloroform, ether, benzene. Slightly miscible with carbon tetrachloride and water.
Formula Weight: 102.18
Percent Purity: 99%
Chemical Name or Material: 1-Hexanol

Thermochemistry of Hexanol:
Heat capacity (C): 243.2 J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 287.4 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −377.5 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −3.98437 MJ mol−1

Names of Hexanol:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Hexan-1-ol

Other names:
amyl carbinol

Synonyms of Hexanol:
1-Hexanol
Hexan-1-ol
Hexyl alcohol
111-27-3
HEXANOL
n-Hexanol
n-Hexyl alcohol
Amylcarbinol
1-Hydroxyhexane
1-Hexyl alcohol
Caproyl alcohol
Pentylcarbinol
Caproic alcohol
n-Hexan-1-ol
C6 alcohol
Alcohol(C6)
Hexanol (VAN)
EPAL 6
Hexyl alcohol (natural)
Alcohol C-6
FEMA No. 2567
NSC 9254
MFCD00002982
Hexanol-(1)
6CP2QER8GS
25917-35-5
CHEBI:87393
NSC-9254
Caswell No. 482E
Hydroxyhexane
Hexanols
FEMA Number 2567
CAS-111-27-3
HE2
HSDB 565
EINECS 203-852-3
UNII-6CP2QER8GS
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079047
BRN 0969167
Caproalcohol
Hexalcohol
HEXYL ALCOHOL, ACTIVE
n-hexylalcohol
AI3-08157
N-hexenol
Nat.Hexanol
Exxal 6
EINECS 247-346-0
HEXANOL-CMPD
Exxal 6 (Salt/Mix)
BDBM9
1-Hexanol, 98%
Hexyl alcohol, FCC, FG
1-HEXANOL [HSDB]
1-HEXANOL [MI]
EC 203-852-3
n-C6H13OH
SCHEMBL1877
HEXYL ALCOHOL [FCC]
NATURAL HEXYL ALCOHOL
C6H13OH
HEXYL ALCOHOL [FHFI]
HEXYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
WLN: Q6
4-01-00-01694 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MLS001055374
UN 2282 (Salt/Mix)
BIDD:ER0298
CHEMBL14085
1-Hexanol, analytical standard
DTXSID8021931
1-Hexanol, anhydrous, >=99%
NSC9254
1-Hexanol, reagent grade, 98%
DTXSID001022586
HMS3039L08
BCP29486
ZINC1699882
Tox21_201335
Tox21_302953
LMFA05000117
STL282713
UN2282
AKOS009031422
HY-W032022
Alcohol C-6, Natural, Natural Hexanol
1-Hexanol, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
1-Hexyl alcohol pound>>1-Hexylalcohol
NCGC00090949-01
NCGC00090949-02
NCGC00256385-01
NCGC00258887-01
Hexanols [UN2282] [Flammable liquid]
LS-13216
SMR000677945
1-Hexanol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
1-Hexanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
CS-0076046
FT-0607887
H0130
Hexyl alcohol, natural, >=98%, FCC, FG
EN300-19338
Q76933
1-Hexanol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5% (GC)
J-002549
F0001-0237
Z104473568
111-27-3 [RN]
1-Hexanol [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Hexanol [German] [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-Hexanol [French] [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-hexyl alcohol
1-Hydroxyhexane
203-852-3 [EINECS]
4-01-00-01694 [Beilstein]
Caproic alcohol
Caproyl alcohol
hexan-1-ol
hexanol [Wiki]
Hexyl alcohol
MFCD00002982 [MDL number]
n-Hexan-1-ol
n-hexanol
n-Hexyl alcohol
1-Hexan-d13-ol
1-hexanol [Portuguese] [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
1-hexanol, purified
52598-04-6 [RN]
BNG
B-Nonylglucoside
C8E
decane, 1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo(3.3.1.13,7)
Epal 6
Exxal 6
Hexalin
Hexane [ACD/Index Name] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Hexyl alcohol203-852-3MFCD00002982
Hexylalcohol
n-C6H13OH [Formula]
HEXANOL (CAPROIC ALCOHOL)
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is an organic alcohol with a six-carbon chain and a condensed structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) colorless liquid is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with diethyl ether and ethanol.
Two additional straight chain isomers of 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol and 3-hexanol, exist, both of which differing by the location of the hydroxyl group.

CAS: 111-27-3
MF: C6H14O
MW: 102.17
EINECS: 203-852-3

Many isomeric alcohols have the formula C6H13OH.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is used in the perfume industry.
Colorless liquid.
The boiling point is 157 ° C; the relative density is 0.819.
Miscible in ethanol, propylene glycol and oil.
There are light blue shoots breath, wine, fruit and fat flavor.
Naturally occurs in some fruits such as apples, strawberries, bitter oranges, also found in camphor oil, tea leaves, tobacco leaves, eucalyptus and coffee.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) appears as colorless transparent liquid with fruit-like aroma at low concentration.
Sweet; rapidly oxidized in the air; can have polymerization reaction upon contact with concentrated inorganic acid.
Similar to normal fatty aldehydes, Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) can be oxidized to caproic acid and reduced to hexanol.

Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) has a fruity odor and aromatic flavor.
May be synthesized by reduction of n-caproic acid; the n-hexyl alcohol represents one of the 14 possible isomers of this alcohol.
A primary alcohol that is Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) substituted by a hydroxy group at position 1.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is an organic alcohol, which has application in the synthesis of antiseptics, fragrances, perfumes, etc.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is also used as a component of plasticizers.

Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -52 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 156-157 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.814 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.5 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 25.6 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.418(lit.)
FEMA: 2567 | HEXYL ALCOHOL
Fp: 140 °F
Storage temp.: no restrictions.
Solubility ethanol: soluble(lit.)
Pka: 15.38±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Relative polarity: 0.559
Odor: Sweet; mild.
Odor Threshold: 0.006ppm
Odor Type: herbal
Explosive limit: 1.2-7.7%(V)
Water Solubility: 6 g/L (25 ºC)
JECFA Number: 91
Merck: 14,4697
BRN: 969167
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong acids, strong oxidizing agents. Combustible.
LogP: 1.8
CAS DataBase Reference: 111-27-3(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) (111-27-3)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) (111-27-3)

Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) has an herbaceous, woody, fragrant, mild, sweet, green fruity odor and aromatic flavor.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is a liquid at room temperature.
The absolute perceived concentration has been reported as 0.01 ppm, and the recognition level is 0.09 ppm .

Content Analysis
Add 700 ml of newly distilled pyridine into a 1000 ml brown bottle with a glass stopper; add phthalic anhydride 11 5g with strong shaking to complete dissolution.
Take the solution 25.0ml, adding into a bottle with heat pressure resistance.
The bottle are tightly wrapped and fixed.
Weigh the sample about 1 g with the weighing pipette; add it into the pressure bottle; stamped.
The sample was fixed in a canvas bag, heated in a water bath at 98~100 ℃ for 3h, and let the water level in the water bath higher than the bottle level.

After removal, cool Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) to room temperature; carefully open the stopper, and do not make a content loss.
Add 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 50.0ml (Note: This 50.0ml 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution is not included in the final calculation).
Add 1% phenolphthalein 5 drops of pyridine solution, and then 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to the pink end point and maintain 15 s unchanged.
At the same time carry out a blank test. Per milliliter of sodium hydroxide solution 0.5mol/L is equivalent to alcohol (C6H14O) 51.09 mg.
Or measured by non-polar column in GT-10-4 gas chromatography.

Uses
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) often acts as part of the head incense used in fragrance base and formulated essential oil (such as geraniol oil).
A trace of Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is used for violet, sweet-scented osmanthus, magnolia, ylang-type flavor to modify or increase the tender atmosphere, as well as used for edible coconut formula, berries and various types of fruit flavor.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is used as solvents and analytical reagents, also used in the pharmaceutical industry for preservatives and sleeping pills.
The goods are listed in China's GB 2760-96.

Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is mainly used to prepare coconut and berry flavor and used for the production of surfactants, plasticizers, fatty alcohols and so on.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is also used for chromatography reagents and organic synthesis.
Gas chromatography analysis standards.
Lithium chloride was isolated from potassium chloride and sodium chloride.
In the synthesis of spices and the preparation of caproic acid; also used as gas chromatography reagents for Wittig and Aldol reactions.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) was examined as a perturbing agent on actomyosin ATPase and and was found to modulate the function of actomyosin motor via intermediate-specific structural perturbation.

Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is used as a precursor to plasticizers, chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, perfume esters and antiseptics.
Further, Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) serves as a perturbing agent on actomyosin adenosine triphosphatease.
In addition to this, Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is used to modulate the function of actomyosin motor.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) has been used as an odorant to study olfactory responses and to thin the dielectric layer of poly(4-vinylphenol) (PVP).

Production methods
(1) Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is generally derived from acetic acid reduction in industry.
Bromine butane and magnesium shards reaction obtains butyl magnesium bromide, and the butyl magnesium bromide reacted with ethylene oxide to get ethanol under laboratorial study.
(2) Via n-hexylic acid reduction.

Production Methods
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is commercially prepared from the addition of ethylene to triethylaluminum followed by oxidation.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is also produced from natural products derived from coconut or palm oils.

Preparation
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) is produced industrially by the oligomerization of ethylene using triethylaluminium followed by oxidation of the alkylaluminium products.
An idealized synthesis is shown:

Al(C2H5)3 + 6C2H4 → Al(C6H13)3
Al(C6H13)3 + 1+1⁄2O2 + 3H2O → 3HOC6H13 + Al(OH)3
The process generates a range of oligomers that are separated by distillation.

Health Hazard
Recommended Personal Protective Equipment: Chemical gloves; chemical goggles; Symptoms Following Exposure: Liquid causes eye burns and skin irritation.
Breathing vapors is not expected to cause systemic illness; General Treatment for Exposure: In case of contact, immediately flush skin and eyes with plenty of water.
Wash eyes at least 15 min. and get medical care; Toxicity by Inhalation (Threshold Limit Value): Data not available; Short-Term Inhalation Limits: Data not available; Toxicity by Ingestion: Grade 2, LD50 = 0.5 to 5 g/kg (rat); Late Toxicity: Data not available; Vapor (Gas) Irritant Characteristics: Data not available; Liquid or Solid Irritant Characteristics: Causes smarting of the skin and first-degree burns on short exposure; may cause second-degree burns on long exposure; Odor Threshold: Data not available.

Health Hazard
Vapors of Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) are irritant to the eyesand respiratory tract.
Application of the liquid produced severe irritation in rabbits’eyes.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) exhibits narcotic effects at high concentrations.
Hexanol (Caproic Alcohol) was not a skin tumor promoter when applied three times a week for 60 weeks to mice skin that had been initiated with dimethylbenz[a] anthracene.

Chemical Reactivity
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reactions; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.

Synonyms
1-Hexanol
Hexan-1-ol
Hexyl alcohol
111-27-3
HEXANOL
n-Hexanol
n-Hexyl alcohol
Amylcarbinol
1-Hydroxyhexane
1-Hexyl alcohol
Caproyl alcohol
Pentylcarbinol
Caproic alcohol
n-Hexan-1-ol
C6 alcohol
Alcohol(C6)
Hexanol (VAN)
EPAL 6
Hexyl alcohol (natural)
Alcohol C-6
Caswell No. 482E
FEMA No. 2567
FEMA Number 2567
NSC 9254
MFCD00002982
Hexanol-(1)
HSDB 565
n-Hexyl--d5 Alcohol
1-Hexanol-13C6
EINECS 203-852-3
UNII-6CP2QER8GS
6CP2QER8GS
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 079047
BRN 0969167
AI3-08157
25917-35-5
DTXSID8021931
CHEBI:87393
NSC-9254
EINECS 247-346-0
EC 203-852-3
4-01-00-01694 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID201931
Hydroxyhexane
Hexanols
N-HEXYL-1,1-D2 ALCOHOL
286013-16-9
64118-18-9
CAS-111-27-3
pentilcarbinol
Amilcarbinol
Caproalcohol
Hexalcohol
HEXYL ALCOHOL, ACTIVE
n-hexylalcohol
Alcohol hexilo
1-hidroxihexano
Alcool hexylique
N-hexenol
alcohol n-hexilo
N-HEXYL-2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-D11 ALCOHOL
1-hexilo alcohol
Exxal 6
2159-18-4
Hexan- 1- ol
HEXANOL-CMPD
Hexyl alcohol (8CI)
hexan - 1 - ol
Exxal 6 (Salt/Mix)
HXN (CHRIS Code)
BDBM9
1-Hexanol, 98%
Hexyl alcohol, FCC, FG
n-Hexan-1-ol, n-hexanol
1-HEXANOL [HSDB]
1-HEXANOL [MI]
n-C6H13OH
SCHEMBL1877
HEXYL ALCOHOL [FCC]
C6H13OH
HEXYL ALCOHOL [FHFI]
HEXYL ALCOHOL [INCI]
WLN: Q6
MLS001055374
UN 2282 (Salt/Mix)
BIDD:ER0298
CHEMBL14085
1-Hexanol, analytical standard
1-Hexanol, anhydrous, >=99%
NSC9254
1-Hexanol (Langkettige Alkohole)
1-Hexanol, reagent grade, 98%
Hexanol, n-; (n-Hexyl alcohol)
DTXSID001022586
HMS3039L08
BCP29486
Tox21_201335
Tox21_302953
LMFA05000117
STL282713
UN2282
AKOS009031422
HY-W032022
LS-2366
1-Hexanol, purum, >=98.0% (GC)
1-Hexyl alcohol pound>>1-Hexylalcohol
NCGC00090949-01
NCGC00090949-02
NCGC00256385-01
NCGC00258887-01
Hexanols [UN2282] [Flammable liquid]
PD158361
SMR000677945
1-Hexanol, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
1-Hexanol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
CS-0076046
FT-0607887
H0130
Hexyl alcohol, natural, >=98%, FCC, FG
EN300-19338
Q76933
1-Hexanol, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5% (GC)
J-002549
F0001-0237
Z104473568
InChI=1/C6H14O/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7/h7H,2-6H2,1H
HEXAPEPTIDE-10
HEXAPEPTIDE-2, Nom INCI : HEXAPEPTIDE-2. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent éclaircissant : Eclaircit les nuances des cheveux et du teint, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
HEXAPEPTIDE-2
HEXYL ACETATE, N° CAS : 142-92-7, Nom INCI : HEXYL ACETATE, Nom chimique : Hexyl acetate, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-572-7. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent masquant : Réduit ou inhibe l'odeur ou le goût de base du produit. Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. Agent arômatisant : Donne un arôme au produit cosmétique
HEXASOL
Hexasol is a clear, practically colorless, liquid.
Hexasol is characterized as a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid that finds extensive use in numerous industries, such as cosmetics and personal care products.


CAS Number: 107-41-5
EC Number: 203-489-0
MDL number: MFCD00004547
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2 or (CH3)2COHCH2CHOHCH3



2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, Diolane, Hexylene Glycol (2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol, Isol, Pinakon, MPD, Hexane-1,2-Diol, (4S)-2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, (4R)-2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, Hexasol, 2,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, α,α,α'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, Diolane, Isol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol, Pinakon, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediole, (.+/-.)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, Isophthalic acid, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediolTrimethyltrimethylene glycolDiolaneIsolPinakonHexG, (2,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, alpha,alpha,alpha’-trimethyltrimethylene glycol, diolane, hexylene glycol, isol, pinakon, 2,4-Pentanediol,2-methyl-, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Diolane, Hexylene glycol, Isol, α,α,α′-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, MPD, (±)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, Hexasol, Isohexanediol, 99113-75-4, 2-furanmethanol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Hexylene glycol, 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 107-41-5, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, Diolane, Pinakon, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Isol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, Caswell No. 574, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol, hexyleneglycol, HSDB 1126, UNII-KEH0A3F75J, (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, NSC-8098, EINECS 203-489-0, KEH0A3F75J, alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068601, BRN 1098298, 1,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanol, CCRIS 9439, DTXSID5021885, CHEBI:62995, AI3-00919, Hexylene glycol [NF], 1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol, TRACID RUBINE 5BL, DTXCID101885, EC 203-489-0, 1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 4-01-00-02565 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Hexylene glycol (NF), 7-MethylAtracuriumDimesylate(MixtureofDiastereomers), MPD, CAS-107-41-5, 2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-pentane-2,4-diol, 64229-01-2, MFCD00004547, Hexylene glycol, 99%, R-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 2methyl-2,4-pentanediol, Hexylene glycol, >=99%, Hexylene glycol, 99.5%, SCHEMBL19379, 1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, CHEMBL2104293, NSC8098, (?)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N, HMS3264E19, HY-B0903, Hexylene glycol, analytical standard, Tox21_201975, Tox21_302818, s3588, AKOS015901459, CCG-213719, WLN: QY1 & 1XQ1 & 1, NCGC00249143-01, NCGC00256494-01, NCGC00259524-01, AC-13749, AS-58339, Hexylene glycol, BioXtra, >=99% (GC), (+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD, FT-0605050, FT-0605756, FT-0613069, Hexylene glycol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), M0384, (S)-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, .alpha.,.alpha.'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, Hexylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC), D04439, EN300-170052, AB01563179_01, J-640306, J-660006, Q2792203, W-108748, Z1255485267, Hexylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Diolane, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, MPD, MVD, FP17780, NSC 66498, Einecs 227-150-, 3-Methylpentanediol-2,4, 2-METHYLPENTANE-2,4-DIOL, 3-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 3-methyl-pentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Pentanediol, 3-methyl-, HGL, Diolane, Isol, Pinakon, 1,1,3-Trimethyl-Triethylenediol, Diacetone Glycol, Methylamilene Glycol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2- Methyl-Penthane, 2-Methyl-Penthane-2,4-Diol., (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, Diolane, Hexylene glycol, Isol, Pinakon, alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, HGL, 1, 1, 3-Trimethyl-Triethylenediol, Diacetone Glycol, Methylamilene Glycol, 2, 4-Dihydroxy-2-Methyl-Penthane, 2-Methyl-Penthane-2, 4-Diol, 2-Hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, Hexylene Glycol, HG, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2,4-, pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, Pentane-2,4-, diol, 2-methyl,





Hexasol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexasol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially
Hexasol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.


Hexasol is a clear, practically colorless, liquid.
Hexasol is characterized as a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid that finds extensive use in numerous industries, such as cosmetics and personal care products.


Hexasol′s a category of glycol often utilized as a solvent, humectant, and an agent to control viscosity.
Hexasol, alternative to PG or DEG or MEG in paint formulation in lowering total VOC content.
Hexasol is a small molecular weight surfactant, widely used as an industrial coating solvent, does not cause adverse health or environmental effects.


Hexasol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Hexasol floats and mixes slowly with water.
Hexasol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.


It is thanks to this that Hexasol has an influence on the consistency of the product.
Hexasol is safe for pregnant women and does not cause allergies.
Hexasol is a biodegradable, colorless liquid that is miscible with water and mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent


Hexasol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Hexasol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexasol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.


Hexasol floats and mixes slowly with water.
2-methylpentane-2,4-diol is a glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).
Hexasol is a clear, colorless liquid.


Similar to other glycols, Hexasol's a helper ingredient used as a solvent, or to thin out thick formulas and make them more nicely spreadable.
Hexasol is a synthetic substance added to many cosmetics.
Hexasol is an aroma compound and has a preservative effect.


At the same time, Hexasol is also a cleaning agent and detergent.
The most important, however, is the emulsifying property of this glycol.
Hexasol, from Solvay, is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.


This speciality ingredient, Hexasol, demonstrates a low evaporation rate and is completely miscible with water.
Hexasol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Hexasol is famous for its excellent solvency among a wide variety of materials and is popular in skin care formulas due to its ability to improve the texture.


Hexasol has viscosity-reducing properties that allow it to thin out heavy, thick formulations and produce smooth spreadability.
Hexasol has the chemical formula C6H14O2 and is fully miscible in water.
Hexasol is an ingredient used in skincare and cosmetic products to help improve the texture and sensory feel of the formulation.


Hexasol functions as a surfactant, emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.
Hexasol, also known as 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, is an organic compound that can be classified as a glycol.
Glycols are a class of alcohols that contain two hydroxyl groups, which can also be called a diols.


Hexasol is a clear, hygroscopic liquid with a mild, sweet odor.
The principal end uses of Hexasol include industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, cosmetics, excipient in pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings.
Hexasol is available in technical grade and NF grade.


Hexasol is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
Hexasol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.
Hexasol is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.


Hexasol is 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
Hexasol is used as coupling agent.
Hexasol offers low flammability and low evaporation rate.


Hexasol possesses low surface tension.
Hexasol exhibits very good solvency.
Hexasol is a clear, colorless liquid that is used in many personal care and cosmetic formulations.


Studies indicate Hexasol also exhibits antimicrobial properties.
Hexasol also goes by its chemical compound name: 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
As a raw material, Hexasol is a clear liquid.


Hexasol largely acts as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity agent.
Decades of research have established Hexasol as a safe and effective ingredient.
Hexasol dissolves other ingredients in a product and enhances its stability and texture.


In nature, Hexasol is found in the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum).
For industrial purposes Hexasol is formed from the achiral reagents, diacetone alcohol, and hydrogen, producing equal amounts of enantiomeric products.
Commercial Hexasol contains > 99% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol and is described as a racemic mixture containing equal amounts of two enantiomers.


Hexasol is a small molecular weight surfactant.
Hexasol also has a low viscosity that makes it easier to incorporate.
The chemical formula of Hexasol is C6H14O2.


Hexasol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Hexasol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines.
Hexasol is a chemical compound used in various industries, including cosmetics and personal care products.


Hexasol serves as a solvent and a humectant in these products, helping to retain moisture and improve their texture.
Hexasol is most often synthetically produced.
Hexasol is manufactured by the condensation of 2 molecules of acetone to produce diacetone alcohol, which is further hydrogenated to produce Hexasol.


This is then purified.
Hexasol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O2.
Hexasol belongs to a class of chemicals known as glycols, which are often used as solvents, humectants, and chemical intermediates in various industrial applications.


Hexasol is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry, where it functions as a solvent and a humectant in products like moisturisers, lotions, and hair care products.
Hexasol helps to maintain moisture and improve the texture of these products.


Additionally, Hexasol has applications in perfumes, as a fragrance fixative, and in the production of various chemicals and coatings.
Hexasol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in compliance with regulations and guidelines.
Hexasol is a diol (with two hydroxy groups at 2 and 4 positions), a colorless liquid with a mildly sweet odor and oily consistency.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXASOL:
Hexasol is a cosmetic material for FDA regulated product use.
In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products.


Additionally, Hexasol helps to decrease the skin′s surface tension, thereby facilitating the penetration of other ingredients into the skin.
Hexasol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexasol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.


Hexasol is a moisturising, and setting, agent in the manufacture of textiles and can also be found in the cosmetics industry where it is a component of fragrances and bath, hair, and soap preparations.
Hexasol also has a role as a wetting agent in pesticide formulations and is a solvent in the preparation of dyes.


Hexasol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexasol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexasol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.


Moreover, Hexasol acts as a reagent in the synthesis of diverse chemicals.
With regard to scientific research applications, Hexasol serves as a solvent to extract an array of compounds from plant and animal tissues.
Hexasol′s also employed as a reagent in the creation of various chemicals, including agrochemicals and fragrances.


Hexasol as a surfactant helps to cleanse and moisturize the skin as well as thinning out the formulation to improve absorption, texture and allow other ingredients to work better.
Hexasol is also used as a chemical intermediate in chemical syntheses, downhole lubricant for natural gas and oil fields, hydraulic fluid, antifreeze, fuel additive, the solvent in dyes and inks, leather and textile processing, industrial and household cleaners, and in cosmetics.


The largest end use for Hexasol is in industrial coatings, as a solvent plasticizer in varnishes, lacquers, paints, and paint strippers, accounting for about 45% of the total production.
Hexasol is often used in preservative blends that contain phenoxyethanol because it boosts the efficacy of this preservative, allowing lower amounts to be used, which reduces the risk skin will have a sensitised response.


Hexasol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexasol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexasol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.


Hexasol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.
Hexasol is used widely across skincare, hair care, and makeup to enhance spreadability, thin out overly thick formulas, and ensure actives are fully dissolved and dispersed.


Hexasol also has some antimicrobial effect and can enhance the efficacy of certain preservatives.
Hexasol is used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% – 25%.


Hexasol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
In addition to skin care, Hexasol is used in other beauty products including hair care and makeup.
Hexasol has been backed as a safe ingredient for decades with reported concentrations up to 25% in personal care products (though most skin care formulas use much lower amounts than that, especially in preservative blends).


Hexasol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexasol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexasol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.


Hexasol is also used as a chemical intermediate, which accounts for approximately 20% of its consumption, and another 10% is used on oil and natural-gas fields where it is both a down hole lubricant, and a grinding and extraction aid.
Hexasol is also employed as an antifreeze, and as a coupling agent for hydraulic fluids.


That’s why Hexasol is commonly used in many cosmetics, e.g. shampoos, shower gels, and soaps.
Thanks to Hexasol, products are better adapted to the needs of consumers and meet their expectations.
Therefore, the addition of Hexasol can turn an ordinary cosmetic into something that will be used with real pleasure.


In the realm of cosmetics and personal care products, Hexasol functions as a preservative.
Hexasol′s a humectant that aids in skin moisture retention and enhances skin texture and appearance.
Hexasol operates by forming a barrier on the skin to impede moisture loss.


Hexasol is a highly soluble advanced organic solvent, which can be used in the production of metal surface treatment agents, rust and oil removal additives, textile auxiliaries, coatings and latex paints, cosmetics, pesticides, biochemical engineering, photosensitive materials, synthetic perfumes and other fields.


Hexasol is used for pesticide stabilizer, diesel antifreezer, solvent, spicery, disinfectant,fabric penetration agent and coupler , paper and leather processing auxiliary agent, emulsifier, the additive of fuel and lubricant, etc.
Hexasol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.



ALTERNATIVES OF HEXASOL:
*PROPYLENE GLYCOL,
*BUTYLENE GLYCOL,
*GLYCERIN



HOW IS HEXASOL PRODUCED?
Hexasol is formed from the achiral reagents hydrogen and diacetone alcohol.



HOW IS HEXASOL STORED AND DISTRIBUTED?
Hexasol is stored in bulk storage or stainless steel drums and is transported by tank truck.
Hexasol is classed as non-hazardous for air, sea, and road freight but is classed as an irritant.
Hexasol has a specific gravity of 0.925 and a flash point of 93 °C (closed cup).



WHAT IS HEXASOL USED FOR?
The single largest user of Hexasol is the industrial coatings industry which uses approximately 45% of the HGL produced world-wide.
Hexasol is a component in lacquers and varnishes, and is a solvent plasticiser in surface coatings.
Hexasol is also a component in both oil and water- based paints, and in paint strippers.



HEXASOL AT A GLANCE:
*Solvent that produces smooth spreadability and pleasing skin care textures
*Viscosity-reducing properties allow Hexasol to thin out heavy, thick formulations
*Shows up in a wide variety of skin care, hair care, and makeup products
*As a raw material, Hexasol is clear liquid
*Backed by decades of research as a safe ingredient



BENEFITS OF HEXASOL:
Hexasol offers several benefits in various applications, particularly in cosmetics and personal care products:

*Humectant:
Hexasol helps to retain moisture, which is essential for skin and hair health.
Hexasol can keep these products from drying out, ensuring that they remain effective and pleasant to use.

*Solvent:
Hexasol functions as a solvent, helping to dissolve and blend other ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products.
This facilitates the formulation of moisturisers, lotions, and other beauty products.

*Texture Improvement:
Hexasol can enhance the texture of skincare and hair care products, making them smoother and easier to apply.
This contributes to a more luxurious and user-friendly experience.

*Fragrance Fixative:
In the perfume industry, Hexasol is used as a fixative, helping to stabilize and prolong the scent of fragrances.
This ensures that the fragrance remains consistent and long-lasting.

*Skin-Friendly:
Hexasol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products, as it has low skin irritation potential.
Hexasol is typically well-tolerated by most individuals.

*Versatility:
Its versatility makes Hexasol suitable for a wide range of products, including moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, and perfumes.



IS HEXASOL VEGAN?
Hexasol is considered to be a vegan ingredient as it is made synethically made from oils and natural gas.
If you are looking for a vegan product, always make sure that the other ingredients in Hexasol are vegan and that the brand is cruelty-free.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF HEXASOL:
Butylene Glycol, or 1,3-Butanediol, dissolves most essential oils and synthetic flavoring substances.
Butylene Glycol, Hexasol, Ethoxydiglycol and Dipropylene Glycol are glycols or glycol ethers.
Glycols are a class of alcohols that contain two hydroxyl groups which are also called a diols.



PROPERTIES OF HEXASOL:
*Purity (% by weight) : ≥ 99,5
*Appearance at 20°C : clear liquid free from suspended materials
*Density at 20°C (g/cm3) : 0,920 - 0,923
*Boiling point at 1013 Pa : 197,5°C
*Flash point (closed cup) : 97°C
*Water solubility at 20°c : complete
*Hansen Solubility Parameters at 25°C: δt = 25,2; δd = 15,8; δp = 8,4; δh = 17



WHAT IS HEXASOL USED FOR?
Hexasol serves many functional benefits in skin care, hair care, and cosmetic products.


*Skin care:
Hexasol is primarily used in skin care to improve the sensory feel and texture of the products.
Hexasol also attracts and retains moisture on the surface of the skin, keeping it hydrated and nourished.
Hexasol is often found in products like toners and cleansers


*Hair care:
Hexasol is used as a viscosity agent and solvent to improve the texture and stability of formulations.
Hexasol also acts as an emollient in shampoos and conditioners to provide hydration to the shafts


*Cosmetic products:
Hexasol works to dissolve other ingredients present in a formulation and enhance the texture of the final product.
Since it has low viscosity, Hexasol is a useful ingredient in products like foundations, primers, and concealers



WHAT DOES HEXASOL DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Humectant
*Solvent
*Viscosity controlling



WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF HEXASOL?
Hexasol is added to cosmetics and skincare products based on its functions as a surfactant, an emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.

*SURFACTANT
Surfactant is the short term for surface active agents.
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two substances.
In skincare products, surfactants work to lift dirt, oil and fats from the skin, allowing them to be washed away.

This is possible because while one end of the surfactant molecule is attracted to water, the other end is attracted to oil.
Thus, surfactants attract the oil, dirt, and other impurities that have accumulated on your skin during the day and wash them away.
Due to these properties, Hexasol can be found in many different cleansers and body washes.


*EMULSIFIER
Hexasol also functions as an emulsifier.
An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil components, for example, when oils are added to a water-based formula.
When shaking stops, however, the two phases can start to separate.

To address this problem, an emulsifier like Hexasol can be added to the system, which helps the droplets remain dispersed and produces an even and stable formulation.

As an emulsifier, Hexasol consists of a water-loving hydrophilic head and an oil-loving hydrophobic tail.
The hydrophilic head is attracted to the water and the hydrophobic tail to the oil.
Once again, Hexasol reduces the surface tension by positioning itself between the oil and water, which has a stabilizing effect on the product.


*THINNING
Finally, Hexasol functions as a viscosity-reducing agent.
The term viscosity corresponds to the concept of “thickness”, for example, honey has a higher viscosity than water.
As a viscosity-reducing agent, Hexasol works to thin out heavy formulations and create a thinner, more spreadable product.



SAFETY PROFILE OF HEXASOL:
Hexasol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic products.
Hexasol does not cause skin irritation and sensitization and is not known to be comedogenic.
However, as with any ingredient, some individuals may have an allergic reaction or sensitivity to it, so Hexasol is always recommended to patch test products before use.
Lastly, Hexasol is vegan and can be considered halal, but it is best to check with the supplier.



IS HEXASOL SAFE?
The safety of Hexasol has been assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel is responsible for the independent evaluation of the safety and efficacy of skincare and cosmetic ingredients.
The Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that Hexasol is safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.



FEATURES OF HEXASOL:
*Solvent,
*intermediate



THE GOOD:
Hexasol helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and cosmetic formulations.
Hexasol also has an added benefit of acting as a protective barrier for the skin.


THE NOT SO GOOD:
Hexasol can be a mild irritant in high concentrations.


WHO IS HEXASOL FOR?
All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to Hexasol.


SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:
Hexasol works well with most ingredients.


KEEP AN EYE ON:
Nothing to keep an eye on here.



ORIGIN OF HEXASOL:
Hexasol is typically synthesized by the reaction of ethylene oxide with n-butanol or by the hydration of 1,5-hexadiene.
Hexasol is later purified by distillation or other methods to obtain the final Hexasol.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXASOL:
Molecular Weight: 118.174
Exact Mass: 118.17
EC Number: 203-489-0
ICSC Number: 0660
NSC Number: 8098
UN Number: 1993
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5021885
Color/Form: Liquid|Colorless liquid
HScode: 2905399090
PSA: 40.46000
Boiling Point: 197.5°C
Melting Point: -50°C
pH: 7.0

Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Viscosity: Low
XLogP3: 0.00
Appearance: Hexylene glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Floats and mixes slowly with water.
Density: 0.92 g/cm3
Melting Point:-50 °C
Boiling Point:198 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point:93.9±0.0 °C
Refractive Index:1.447
Water Solubility:Miscible
Storage Conditions:Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.
Vapor Pressure:0.05 mmHg

Vapor Density:
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.1
Flammability characteristics: Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.
Explosive limit: Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-8.1
Odor:Mild sweetish
Henrys Law Constant:
Henry's Law constant = 4.06X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Experimental Properties:
Dipole moment: 2.8
Heat of formation = -5.3476X10+8 J/kmol
Triple point temperature = 223.15 °C; triple point pressure: 9.5609X10-6 Pa
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.77X10-11 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Air and Water Reactions: Hygroscopic.
Water soluble
Reactive Group:Alcohols and Polyols
Reactivity Profile: HEXYLENE GLYCOL is incompatible with the following:
Strong oxidizers, strong acids.
Autoignition Temperature: 583 °F
Autoignition temp = 579 K|306 °C
Heat of Combustion: Standard net heat of combustion = -3.4356x10+9 J/kmol
Flammable Limits: Flammability limits = 1.3-9 vol%
Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.
Heat of Vaporization: 13.7 kcal/mol at the boiling point
Critical Temperature & Pressure:
Critical temp = 621 K
Critical pressure = 4.01X10+6 Pa

Molecular Weight: 118.17
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 118.099379685
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 68.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical name (CAS): 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
CAS number: 107-41-5
Structural formula: CH3–CH(OH)–CH2–C(OH)(CH3)2
Molecular formula: C6H14O2
Molecular weight: 118.18
Melting point: –40°C
Boiling point: 195–200°C
Density at 20°C: 0.920–0.923 g/cm3
Vapour pressure at: 20°C 0.06 hPa
log Pow*: –0.14
CAS number: 107-41-5
EC index number: 603-053-00-3
EC number: 203-489-0
Grade: NF

Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄O₂
Molar Mass: 118.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2926 90 70
Density: 0.922 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1 - 9.9 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: -40 °C
pH value: 6.0 - 8.0 (118.2 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.03 hPa (20 °C)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: sweet, mild
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -40 °C - lit.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 197 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 7,4 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,3 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 8,0 at 118,2 g/l at 25 °C
Solubility:
Easily soluble in cold water.
Soluble in diethyl ether.
Soluble in alcohol, lower aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Soluble in a variety of organic solvents.
Miscible with fatty acids
Specific Gravity 20/20 °C:0.9232

Distillation Range at 760 mm Hg (IP) °C:196.4
Distillation Range at 760 mm Hg (DP) °C:198.2
Purity, % w/w:99.62
Acidity as acetic Acid, % w/w: 0.0010
Water, % w/w: 0.018
Melting point: −40 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 197 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.925 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.02 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.427(lit.)
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 36 mPa.s at 20 °C

Water solubility ca.: 118,2 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 0,58 - (Lit.), Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,03 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,925 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information
Relative vapor density: 4,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Molar Weight: 118.176g/mol
Melting Point: -40 °C
Boiling Point: 196 °C

Flash Point: 93 °C
Density: 0.925
Forms: Liquid (clear)
Chemical formula: C6H14O2
Molar mass: 118.176 g•mol−1
Appearance: colourless liquid
Odor: mild, sweetish
Density: 0.92 g/mL
Melting point: −40 °C (−40 °F; 233 K)
Boiling point: 197 °C (387 °F; 470 K)
Solubility in water: miscible[1]
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg (20°C)
Flash point: 98.3 °C (208.9 °F; 371.4 K)
Explosive limits: 1.3%-7.4%
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Physical state and Appearance:Liquid.

Odor:Sweetish
Molecular Weight:118.18 g/mole
Color:Colorless
Boiling Point:197 (386.6) - 198° C
Melting Point:-50 - (-58)
Specific Gravity:0.9254 @ 17 C; 0.9234 @ 20 C (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mm of Hg (@ 20)
Vapor Density: 4.1 (Air = 1)
Odor Threshold: 50 ppm
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether
Flash point: 201 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: 14.72±0.20(Predicted)
CAS DataBase Reference: 5683-44-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 197.00 to 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.004 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3.256e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Molecular Weight: 118.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2

Appearance: Colorless, Liquid
Freezing Point: -50°C (-58.0°F)
Boiling Point: @ 760mm Hg 196°C (385°F)
Flash Point: Closed Cup 96°C (205°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 425°C (797°F)
Density @ 20°C: 0.924 kg/L, 7.71 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 20°C 0.05 mmHg
Evaporation Rate: (nBuAc = 1) 0.007
Solubility in Water: @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension @ 20°C: 33.1 dynes/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C: 1.426
Viscosity @ 20°C: 38.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.0 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 9.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C: 3x106 pS/m

Dielectric Constant @ 20°C: ≈7.7
Specific Heat @ 20°C: 2.20 kJ/kg/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point: 435 kJ/kg
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C: 29875 kJ/kg
Odor Threshold: 50 ppm
Molecular Weight 118.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula C6H14O2
Appearance Colorless
Liquid
Freezing Point -50°C (-58.0°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mm Hg 196°C (385°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup 96°C (205°F)
Autoignition Temperature 425°C (797°F)

Density @ 20°C 0.924 kg/L
7.71 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C 0.05 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1) 0.007
Solubility in Water @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension @ 20°C 33.1 dynes/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C 1.426
Viscosity @ 20°C 38.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit 1.0 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit 9.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C 3x106 pS/m
Dielectric Constant @ 20°C ≈7.7
Specific Heat @ 20°C 2.20 kJ/kg/°C

Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point 435 kJ/kg
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C 29875 kJ/kg
Odor Threshold 50 ppm
CAS NO:107-41-5
EINECS NO:203-489-0
Molecular Formula:C6H14O2
Molecular Weight:118.1742
InChI:InChI=1/C6H14O2/c1-5(7)4-6(2,3)8/h5,7-8H,4H2,1-3H3
Density:0.96g/cm3
Melting Point:-40ºC
Boiling Point:197.5°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:93.9°C
Water Solubility:soluble
Vapour Pressure:0.0961mmHg at 25°C

Refractive Rate:n20/D1.427(lit.)
Storage Condition:2-8°C
Appearance:Clear colorless Slightly Viscous Liquid
Odor:Ammonia-like
PH Value:6-8(25ºC,1MinH2O)
Explosive Limit:1-9.9%(V)
Sensitivity:Hygroscopic
Stability: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids,strong reducing agents.
Physical description: Colorless liquid with a mild, sweetish odor.
Boiling point: 388°F
Molecular weight: 118.2
Freezing point/melting point: -58°F (sets to glass)
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg
Flash point: 209°F
Specific gravity: 0.923

Lower explosive limit (LEL): 1.3% (calc)
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 8.1% (calc)
NFPA health rating: 2
NFPA fire rating: 1
NFPA reactivity rating: 0
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 197.00 to 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.004 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3.256e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXASOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXASOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXASOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXASOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXASOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store under inert gas.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXASOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O2.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol functions as a surfactant, emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.


CAS Number: 107-41-5
EC Number: 203-489-0
MDL number: MFCD00004547
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2 or (CH3)2COHCH2CHOHCH3



2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, Diolane, Hexylene Glycol (2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol, Isol, Pinakon, MPD, Hexane-1,2-Diol, (4S)-2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, (4R)-2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, Hexasol, 2,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, α,α,α'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, Diolane, Isol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol, Pinakon, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediole, (.+/-.)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, Isophthalic acid, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediolTrimethyltrimethylene glycolDiolaneIsolPinakonHexG, (2,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, alpha,alpha,alpha’-trimethyltrimethylene glycol, diolane, hexylene glycol, isol, pinakon, 2,4-Pentanediol,2-methyl-, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Diolane, Hexylene glycol, Isol, α,α,α′-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, MPD, (±)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, Hexasol, Isohexanediol, 99113-75-4, 2-furanmethanol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Hexylene glycol, 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 107-41-5, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, Diolane, Pinakon, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Isol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, Caswell No. 574, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol, hexyleneglycol, HSDB 1126, UNII-KEH0A3F75J, (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, NSC-8098, EINECS 203-489-0, KEH0A3F75J, alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068601, BRN 1098298, 1,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanol, CCRIS 9439, DTXSID5021885, CHEBI:62995, AI3-00919, Hexylene glycol [NF], 1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol, TRACID RUBINE 5BL, DTXCID101885, EC 203-489-0, 1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 4-01-00-02565 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Hexylene glycol (NF), 7-MethylAtracuriumDimesylate(MixtureofDiastereomers), MPD, CAS-107-41-5, 2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-pentane-2,4-diol, 64229-01-2, MFCD00004547, Hexylene glycol, 99%, R-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 2methyl-2,4-pentanediol, Hexylene glycol, >=99%, Hexylene glycol, 99.5%, SCHEMBL19379, 1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, CHEMBL2104293, NSC8098, (?)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N, HMS3264E19, HY-B0903, Hexylene glycol, analytical standard, Tox21_201975, Tox21_302818, s3588, AKOS015901459, CCG-213719, WLN: QY1 & 1XQ1 & 1, NCGC00249143-01, NCGC00256494-01, NCGC00259524-01, AC-13749, AS-58339, Hexylene glycol, BioXtra, >=99% (GC), (+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD, FT-0605050, FT-0605756, FT-0613069, Hexylene glycol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), M0384, (S)-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, .alpha.,.alpha.'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, Hexylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC), D04439, EN300-170052, AB01563179_01, J-640306, J-660006, Q2792203, W-108748, Z1255485267, Hexylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Diolane, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, MPD, MVD, FP17780, NSC 66498, Einecs 227-150-, 3-Methylpentanediol-2,4, 2-METHYLPENTANE-2,4-DIOL, 3-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 3-methyl-pentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Pentanediol, 3-methyl-, HGL, Diolane, Isol, Pinakon, 1,1,3-Trimethyl-Triethylenediol, Diacetone Glycol, Methylamilene Glycol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2- Methyl-Penthane, 2-Methyl-Penthane-2,4-Diol., (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, Diolane, Hexylene glycol, Isol, Pinakon, alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, HGL, 1, 1, 3-Trimethyl-Triethylenediol, Diacetone Glycol, Methylamilene Glycol, 2, 4-Dihydroxy-2-Methyl-Penthane, 2-Methyl-Penthane-2, 4-Diol, 2-Hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, Hexylene Glycol, HG, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2,4-, pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, Pentane-2,4-, diol, 2-methyl,



Hexasol Hexylene Glycol, from Solvay, is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
This speciality ingredient, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol, demonstrates a low evaporation rate and is completely miscible with water.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has the chemical formula C6H14O2 and is fully miscible in water.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is an ingredient used in skincare and cosmetic products to help improve the texture and sensory feel of the formulation.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol functions as a surfactant, emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol, also known as 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, is an organic compound that can be classified as a glycol.
Glycols are a class of alcohols that contain two hydroxyl groups, which can also be called a diols.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a clear, hygroscopic liquid with a mild, sweet odor.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is most often synthetically produced.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is manufactured by the condensation of 2 molecules of acetone to produce diacetone alcohol, which is further hydrogenated to produce Hexasol Hexylene Glycol.


This is then purified.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O2.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol belongs to a class of chemicals known as glycols, which are often used as solvents, humectants, and chemical intermediates in various industrial applications.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry, where it functions as a solvent and a humectant in products like moisturisers, lotions, and hair care products.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol helps to maintain moisture and improve the texture of these products.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a chemical compound used in various industries, including cosmetics and personal care products.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol serves as a solvent and a humectant in these products, helping to retain moisture and improve their texture.


Additionally, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has applications in perfumes, as a fragrance fixative, and in the production of various chemicals and coatings.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in compliance with regulations and guidelines.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a diol (with two hydroxy groups at 2 and 4 positions), a colorless liquid with a mildly sweet odor and oily consistency.


In nature, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is found in the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum).
For industrial purposes Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is formed from the achiral reagents, diacetone alcohol, and hydrogen, producing equal amounts of enantiomeric products.


Commercial Hexasol Hexylene Glycol contains > 99% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol and is described as a racemic mixture containing equal amounts of two enantiomers.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a small molecular weight surfactant.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is famous for its excellent solvency among a wide variety of materials and is popular in skin care formulas due to its ability to improve the texture.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has viscosity-reducing properties that allow it to thin out heavy, thick formulations and produce smooth spreadability.


Studies indicate Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also exhibits antimicrobial properties.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also goes by its chemical compound name: 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
As a raw material, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a clear liquid.


Similar to other glycols, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol's a helper ingredient used as a solvent, or to thin out thick formulas and make them more nicely spreadable.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a synthetic substance added to many cosmetics.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is an aroma compound and has a preservative effect.
At the same time, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is also a cleaning agent and detergent.
The most important, however, is the emulsifying property of this glycol.


It is thanks to this that Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has an influence on the consistency of the product.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is safe for pregnant women and does not cause allergies.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a biodegradable, colorless liquid that is miscible with water and mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a clear, practically colorless, liquid.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is characterized as a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid that finds extensive use in numerous industries, such as cosmetics and personal care products.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol′s a category of glycol often utilized as a solvent, humectant, and an agent to control viscosity.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol, alternative to PG or DEG or MEG in paint formulation in lowering total VOC content.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a small molecular weight surfactant, widely used as an industrial coating solvent, does not cause adverse health or environmental effects.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol floats and mixes slowly with water.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol floats and mixes slowly with water.
|2-methylpentane-2,4-diol is a glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid.


The principal end uses of Hexasol Hexylene Glycol include industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, cosmetics, excipient in pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is available in technical grade and NF grade.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is used as coupling agent.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol offers low flammability and low evaporation rate.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol possesses low surface tension.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol exhibits very good solvency.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid that is used in many personal care and cosmetic formulations.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol largely acts as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity agent.
Decades of research have established Hexasol Hexylene Glycol as a safe and effective ingredient.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol dissolves other ingredients in a product and enhances its stability and texture.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also has a low viscosity that makes it easier to incorporate.
The chemical formula of Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is C6H14O2.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is used widely across skincare, hair care, and makeup to enhance spreadability, thin out overly thick formulas, and ensure actives are fully dissolved and dispersed.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also has some antimicrobial effect and can enhance the efficacy of certain preservatives.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% – 25%.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol as a surfactant helps to cleanse and moisturize the skin as well as thinning out the formulation to improve absorption, texture and allow other ingredients to work better.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is also used as a chemical intermediate in chemical syntheses, downhole lubricant for natural gas and oil fields, hydraulic fluid, antifreeze, fuel additive, the solvent in dyes and inks, leather and textile processing, industrial and household cleaners, and in cosmetics.


The largest end use for Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is in industrial coatings, as a solvent plasticizer in varnishes, lacquers, paints, and paint strippers, accounting for about 45% of the total production.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is often used in preservative blends that contain phenoxyethanol because it boosts the efficacy of this preservative, allowing lower amounts to be used, which reduces the risk skin will have a sensitised response.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
In addition to skin care, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is used in other beauty products including hair care and makeup.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has been backed as a safe ingredient for decades with reported concentrations up to 25% in personal care products (though most skin care formulas use much lower amounts than that, especially in preservative blends).


That’s why Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is commonly used in many cosmetics, e.g. shampoos, shower gels, and soaps.
Thanks to Hexasol Hexylene Glycol, products are better adapted to the needs of consumers and meet their expectations.
Therefore, the addition of Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can turn an ordinary cosmetic into something that will be used with real pleasure.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a cosmetic material for FDA regulated product use.
In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products.


Moreover, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol acts as a reagent in the synthesis of diverse chemicals.
With regard to scientific research applications, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol serves as a solvent to extract an array of compounds from plant and animal tissues.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol′s also employed as a reagent in the creation of various chemicals, including agrochemicals and fragrances.


In the realm of cosmetics and personal care products, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol functions as a preservative.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol′s a humectant that aids in skin moisture retention and enhances skin texture and appearance.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol operates by forming a barrier on the skin to impede moisture loss.


Additionally, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol helps to decrease the skin′s surface tension, thereby facilitating the penetration of other ingredients into the skin.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a highly soluble advanced organic solvent, which can be used in the production of metal surface treatment agents, rust and oil removal additives, textile auxiliaries, coatings and latex paints, cosmetics, pesticides, biochemical engineering, photosensitive materials, synthetic perfumes and other fields.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is used for pesticide stabilizer, diesel antifreezer, solvent, spicery, disinfectant,fabric penetration agent and coupler , paper and leather processing auxiliary agent, emulsifier, the additive of fuel and lubricant, etc.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is also used as a chemical intermediate, which accounts for approximately 20% of its consumption, and another 10% is used on oil and natural-gas fields where it is both a down hole lubricant, and a grinding and extraction aid.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is also employed as an antifreeze, and as a coupling agent for hydraulic fluids.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a moisturising, and setting, agent in the manufacture of textiles and can also be found in the cosmetics industry where it is a component of fragrances and bath, hair, and soap preparations.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also has a role as a wetting agent in pesticide formulations and is a solvent in the preparation of dyes.


Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.



WHAT IS HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL USED FOR?
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol serves many functional benefits in skin care, hair care, and cosmetic products.

*Skin care:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is primarily used in skin care to improve the sensory feel and texture of the products.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also attracts and retains moisture on the surface of the skin, keeping it hydrated and nourished.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is often found in products like toners and cleansers


*Hair care:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is used as a viscosity agent and solvent to improve the texture and stability of formulations.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also acts as an emollient in shampoos and conditioners to provide hydration to the shafts


*Cosmetic products:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol works to dissolve other ingredients present in a formulation and enhance the texture of the final product.
Since it has low viscosity, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a useful ingredient in products like foundations, primers, and concealers



ORIGIN OF HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is typically synthesized by the reaction of ethylene oxide with n-butanol or by the hydration of 1,5-hexadiene.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is later purified by distillation or other methods to obtain the final Hexasol Hexylene Glycol.



WHAT DOES HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Humectant
*Solvent
*Viscosity controlling



SAFETY PROFILE OF HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic products.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol does not cause skin irritation and sensitization and is not known to be comedogenic.
However, as with any ingredient, some individuals may have an allergic reaction or sensitivity to it, so Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is always recommended to patch test products before use.
Lastly, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is vegan and can be considered halal, but it is best to check with the supplier.



ALTERNATIVES OF HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
*PROPYLENE GLYCOL,
*BUTYLENE GLYCOL,
*GLYCERIN



HOW IS HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL PRODUCED?
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is formed from the achiral reagents hydrogen and diacetone alcohol.



HOW IS HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL STORED AND DISTRIBUTED?
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is stored in bulk storage or stainless steel drums and is transported by tank truck.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is classed as non-hazardous for air, sea, and road freight but is classed as an irritant.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has a specific gravity of 0.925 and a flash point of 93 °C (closed cup).



WHAT IS HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL USED FOR?
The single largest user of Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is the industrial coatings industry which uses approximately 45% of the HGL produced world-wide.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is a component in lacquers and varnishes, and is a solvent plasticiser in surface coatings.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is also a component in both oil and water- based paints, and in paint strippers.



HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL AT A GLANCE:
*Solvent that produces smooth spreadability and pleasing skin care textures
*Viscosity-reducing properties allow Hexasol Hexylene Glycol to thin out heavy, thick formulations
*Shows up in a wide variety of skin care, hair care, and makeup products
*As a raw material, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is clear liquid
*Backed by decades of research as a safe ingredient



BENEFITS OF HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol offers several benefits in various applications, particularly in cosmetics and personal care products:

*Humectant:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol helps to retain moisture, which is essential for skin and hair health.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can keep these products from drying out, ensuring that they remain effective and pleasant to use.

*Solvent:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol functions as a solvent, helping to dissolve and blend other ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products.
This facilitates the formulation of moisturisers, lotions, and other beauty products.

*Texture Improvement:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can enhance the texture of skincare and hair care products, making them smoother and easier to apply.
This contributes to a more luxurious and user-friendly experience.

*Fragrance Fixative:
In the perfume industry, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is used as a fixative, helping to stabilize and prolong the scent of fragrances.
This ensures that the fragrance remains consistent and long-lasting.

*Skin-Friendly:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products, as it has low skin irritation potential.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is typically well-tolerated by most individuals.

*Versatility:
Its versatility makes Hexasol Hexylene Glycol suitable for a wide range of products, including moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, and perfumes.



IS HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL SAFE?
The safety of Hexasol Hexylene Glycol has been assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel is responsible for the independent evaluation of the safety and efficacy of skincare and cosmetic ingredients.
The Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.



FEATURES OF HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
*Solvent,
*intermediate



THE GOOD:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and cosmetic formulations.
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also has an added benefit of acting as a protective barrier for the skin.


THE NOT SO GOOD:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can be a mild irritant in high concentrations.


WHO IS HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL FOR?
All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to Hexasol Hexylene Glycol.


SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol works well with most ingredients.


KEEP AN EYE ON:
Nothing to keep an eye on here.



WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL?
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is added to cosmetics and skincare products based on its functions as a surfactant, an emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.

*SURFACTANT
Surfactant is the short term for surface active agents.
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two substances.
In skincare products, surfactants work to lift dirt, oil and fats from the skin, allowing them to be washed away.

This is possible because while one end of the surfactant molecule is attracted to water, the other end is attracted to oil.
Thus, surfactants attract the oil, dirt, and other impurities that have accumulated on your skin during the day and wash them away.
Due to these properties, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can be found in many different cleansers and body washes.


*EMULSIFIER
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol also functions as an emulsifier.
An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil components, for example, when oils are added to a water-based formula.

According to EFEMA, when water and oil are mixed together and vigorously shaken, a dispersion of oil droplets in water is formed.
When shaking stops, however, the two phases can start to separate.

To address this problem, an emulsifier like Hexasol Hexylene Glycol can be added to the system, which helps the droplets remain dispersed and produces an even and stable formulation.

As an emulsifier, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol consists of a water-loving hydrophilic head and an oil-loving hydrophobic tail.
The hydrophilic head is attracted to the water and the hydrophobic tail to the oil.
Once again, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol reduces the surface tension by positioning itself between the oil and water, which has a stabilizing effect on the product.


*THINNING
Finally, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol functions as a viscosity-reducing agent.
The term viscosity corresponds to the concept of “thickness”, for example, honey has a higher viscosity than water.
As a viscosity-reducing agent, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol works to thin out heavy formulations and create a thinner, more spreadable product.



IS HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL VEGAN?
Hexasol Hexylene Glycol is considered to be a vegan ingredient as it is made synethically made from oils and natural gas.
If you are looking for a vegan product, always make sure that the other ingredients in Hexasol Hexylene Glycol are vegan and that the brand is cruelty-free.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Butylene Glycol, or 1,3-Butanediol, dissolves most essential oils and synthetic flavoring substances.
Butylene Glycol, Hexasol Hexylene Glycol, Ethoxydiglycol and Dipropylene Glycol are glycols or glycol ethers.
Glycols are a class of alcohols that contain two hydroxyl groups which are also called a diols.



PROPERTIES OF HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
*Purity (% by weight) : ≥ 99,5
*Appearance at 20°C : clear liquid free from suspended materials
*Density at 20°C (g/cm3) : 0,920 - 0,923
*Boiling point at 1013 Pa : 197,5°C
*Flash point (closed cup) : 97°C
*Water solubility at 20°c : complete
*Hansen Solubility Parameters at 25°C: δt = 25,2; δd = 15,8; δp = 8,4; δh = 17



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Molecular Weight: 118.174
Exact Mass: 118.17
EC Number: 203-489-0
ICSC Number: 0660
NSC Number: 8098
UN Number: 1993
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5021885
Color/Form: Liquid|Colorless liquid
HScode: 2905399090
PSA: 40.46000
Boiling Point: 197.5°C
Melting Point: -50°C
pH: 7.0

Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Viscosity: Low
XLogP3: 0.00
Appearance: Hexylene glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Floats and mixes slowly with water.
Density: 0.92 g/cm3
Melting Point:-50 °C
Boiling Point:198 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point:93.9±0.0 °C
Refractive Index:1.447
Water Solubility:Miscible
Storage Conditions:Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.
Vapor Pressure:0.05 mmHg

Vapor Density:
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.1
Flammability characteristics: Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.
Explosive limit: Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-8.1
Odor:Mild sweetish
Henrys Law Constant:
Henry's Law constant = 4.06X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Experimental Properties:
Dipole moment: 2.8
Heat of formation = -5.3476X10+8 J/kmol
Triple point temperature = 223.15 °C; triple point pressure: 9.5609X10-6 Pa
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.77X10-11 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Air and Water Reactions: Hygroscopic.
Water soluble
Reactive Group:Alcohols and Polyols
Reactivity Profile: HEXYLENE GLYCOL is incompatible with the following:
Strong oxidizers, strong acids.
Autoignition Temperature: 583 °F
Autoignition temp = 579 K|306 °C
Heat of Combustion: Standard net heat of combustion = -3.4356x10+9 J/kmol
Flammable Limits: Flammability limits = 1.3-9 vol%
Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.
Heat of Vaporization: 13.7 kcal/mol at the boiling point
Critical Temperature & Pressure:
Critical temp = 621 K
Critical pressure = 4.01X10+6 Pa

Molecular Weight: 118.17
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 118.099379685
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 68.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical name (CAS): 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
CAS number: 107-41-5
Structural formula: CH3–CH(OH)–CH2–C(OH)(CH3)2
Molecular formula: C6H14O2
Molecular weight: 118.18
Melting point: –40°C
Boiling point: 195–200°C
Density at 20°C: 0.920–0.923 g/cm3
Vapour pressure at: 20°C 0.06 hPa
log Pow*: –0.14
CAS number: 107-41-5
EC index number: 603-053-00-3
EC number: 203-489-0
Grade: NF

Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄O₂
Molar Mass: 118.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2926 90 70
Density: 0.922 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1 - 9.9 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: -40 °C
pH value: 6.0 - 8.0 (118.2 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.03 hPa (20 °C)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: sweet, mild
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -40 °C - lit.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 197 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 7,4 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,3 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 8,0 at 118,2 g/l at 25 °C
Solubility:
Easily soluble in cold water.
Soluble in diethyl ether.
Soluble in alcohol, lower aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Soluble in a variety of organic solvents.
Miscible with fatty acids
Specific Gravity 20/20 °C:0.9232

Distillation Range at 760 mm Hg (IP) °C:196.4
Distillation Range at 760 mm Hg (DP) °C:198.2
Purity, % w/w:99.62
Acidity as acetic Acid, % w/w: 0.0010
Water, % w/w: 0.018
Melting point: −40 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 197 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.925 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.02 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.427(lit.)
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 36 mPa.s at 20 °C

Water solubility ca.: 118,2 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 0,58 - (Lit.), Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,03 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,925 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information
Relative vapor density: 4,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Molar Weight: 118.176g/mol
Melting Point: -40 °C
Boiling Point: 196 °C

Flash Point: 93 °C
Density: 0.925
Forms: Liquid (clear)
Chemical formula: C6H14O2
Molar mass: 118.176 g·mol−1
Appearance: colourless liquid
Odor: mild, sweetish
Density: 0.92 g/mL
Melting point: −40 °C (−40 °F; 233 K)
Boiling point: 197 °C (387 °F; 470 K)
Solubility in water: miscible[1]
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg (20°C)
Flash point: 98.3 °C (208.9 °F; 371.4 K)
Explosive limits: 1.3%-7.4%
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Physical state and Appearance:Liquid.

Odor:Sweetish
Molecular Weight:118.18 g/mole
Color:Colorless
Boiling Point:197 (386.6) - 198° C
Melting Point:-50 - (-58)
Specific Gravity:0.9254 @ 17 C; 0.9234 @ 20 C (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mm of Hg (@ 20)
Vapor Density: 4.1 (Air = 1)
Odor Threshold: 50 ppm
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether
Flash point: 201 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: 14.72±0.20(Predicted)
CAS DataBase Reference: 5683-44-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 197.00 to 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.004 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3.256e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Molecular Weight: 118.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2

Appearance: Colorless, Liquid
Freezing Point: -50°C (-58.0°F)
Boiling Point: @ 760mm Hg 196°C (385°F)
Flash Point: Closed Cup 96°C (205°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 425°C (797°F)
Density @ 20°C: 0.924 kg/L, 7.71 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 20°C 0.05 mmHg
Evaporation Rate: (nBuAc = 1) 0.007
Solubility in Water: @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension @ 20°C: 33.1 dynes/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C: 1.426
Viscosity @ 20°C: 38.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.0 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 9.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C: 3x106 pS/m

Dielectric Constant @ 20°C: ≈7.7
Specific Heat @ 20°C: 2.20 kJ/kg/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point: 435 kJ/kg
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C: 29875 kJ/kg
Odor Threshold: 50 ppm
Molecular Weight 118.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula C6H14O2
Appearance Colorless
Liquid
Freezing Point -50°C (-58.0°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mm Hg 196°C (385°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup 96°C (205°F)
Autoignition Temperature 425°C (797°F)

Density @ 20°C 0.924 kg/L
7.71 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C 0.05 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1) 0.007
Solubility in Water @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension @ 20°C 33.1 dynes/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C 1.426
Viscosity @ 20°C 38.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit 1.0 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit 9.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C 3x106 pS/m
Dielectric Constant @ 20°C ≈7.7
Specific Heat @ 20°C 2.20 kJ/kg/°C

Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point 435 kJ/kg
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C 29875 kJ/kg
Odor Threshold 50 ppm
CAS NO:107-41-5
EINECS NO:203-489-0
Molecular Formula:C6H14O2
Molecular Weight:118.1742
InChI:InChI=1/C6H14O2/c1-5(7)4-6(2,3)8/h5,7-8H,4H2,1-3H3
Density:0.96g/cm3
Melting Point:-40ºC
Boiling Point:197.5°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:93.9°C
Water Solubility:soluble
Vapour Pressure:0.0961mmHg at 25°C

Refractive Rate:n20/D1.427(lit.)
Storage Condition:2-8°C
Appearance:Clear colorless Slightly Viscous Liquid
Odor:Ammonia-like
PH Value:6-8(25ºC,1MinH2O)
Explosive Limit:1-9.9%(V)
Sensitivity:Hygroscopic
Stability: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids,strong reducing agents.
Physical description: Colorless liquid with a mild, sweetish odor.
Boiling point: 388°F
Molecular weight: 118.2
Freezing point/melting point: -58°F (sets to glass)
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg
Flash point: 209°F
Specific gravity: 0.923

Lower explosive limit (LEL): 1.3% (calc)
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 8.1% (calc)
NFPA health rating: 2
NFPA fire rating: 1
NFPA reactivity rating: 0
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 197.00 to 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.004 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3.256e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store under inert gas.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXASOL HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


Hexyl acetate
HEXYL LAURATE, N° CAS : 34316-64-8, Nom INCI : HEXYL LAURATE. Nom chimique : Hexyl laurate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 251-932-1. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
Hexyl Bromide
Hexyl Bromide; 1-Bromohexane; hexyl bromide; 1-Hexyl bromide cas no: 111-25-1
HEXYL CELLOSOLVE SOLVENT
A high boiling point, slow evaporating solvent with excellent solvency characteristics.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent has the characteristic structure of glycol ethers and contains both ether and alcohol functional groups in the same molecule.
As a result, Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent provides unique cleaning power for removal of both water-soluble and greasy (water insoluble) soils.

CAS: 112-25-4
MF: C8H18O2
MW: 146.23
EINECS: 203-951-1

The linear hexyl portion of this provides excellent oil solubility characteristics that make Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent useful in both consumer and industrial cleaner applications.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent plays an important role in specialty printing inks.
Because of Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent's limited water solubility and slow evaporation, it can be used in formulations for the silk screen process to prevent premature setting of the ink.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is a high boiling point, slow evaporating rate solvent with excellent solvency characteristics.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent has the characteristic structure of glycol ethers and contains both ether and alcohol functional groups in the same molecule.

As a result, Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent provides unique cleaning power for removal of both water-soluble and greasy (water insoluble) soils.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent used as solvent in specialty printing inks, coalescent for water-borne latex-based coatings, primary solvent in solvent-based silk screen printing inks.
Possesses high boiling point.
Exhibits very good solvency, superior oil solubility, and slow evaporation rate.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is a glycol ether that has a chemical formula of C8H18O2.

Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent Chemical Properties
Melting point: -45.1℃
Boiling point: 98-99°C 0,15mm
Density: 0.888 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 10Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.431
Fp: 98-99°C/0.15mm
Storage temp.: -15°C
pka: 14.44±0.10(Predicted)
Form: clear liquid
Color: Colorless to Light yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble in alcohol and ether, water (9.46 g/L ).
BRN: 1734691
LogP: 1.97 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-25-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent (112-25-4)

Uses
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is used as solvents in speciality printing inks and coalescing aids in surface coatings, coupling agent, rust remover, adhesives and surface cleaners.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is used by professional workers (widespread uses), consumers, in re-packing or re-formulation, in manufacturing, and at industrial sites.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is used as high-boiling solvent.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent also serves as an intermediate for neopentanoate and hexyloxyethyl phosphate.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent serves as a coalescing agent in cleaners and latex paints.

Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is a high boiling pint, slow evaporating rate solvent with excellent solvency characteristics.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent can be used as solvent in specialty printing inks.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent can be used as coalescent for water-borne.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent can be used as coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial clearners, rust removers, hard surface cleaners and disinfectants.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent can be used as primary solvent in solvent-based silk screen printing inks.

Hazards
According to the European Chemicals Agency, Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is classified as harmful when in contact with skin and when swallowed.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent can also cause skin burns and serious eye damage.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent was also known to cause kidney injury and depression.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is also a severe respiratory tract irritant.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent may also have blood effects.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent may enter the body through ingestion, aerosol inhalation, and through the skin.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent may form explosive peroxides.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent can react violently with strong oxidants.
Hexyl CELLOSOLVE Solvent is classified as a green circle product EPA Safer Choice meaning it is of low concern.

Synonyms
2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol
112-25-4
Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether
2-Hexyloxyethanol
Ethanol, 2-(hexyloxy)-
2-HEXOXYETHANOL
Hexyl cellosolve
n-Hexyl cellosolve
Glycol monohexyl ether
Cellosolve, N-hexyl-
Ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether
2-Hexyloxy-1-ethanol
Ethanol, 2-hexyloxy-
Ethylene glycol-n-monohexyl ether
HSDB 5569
2-n-(Hexyloxy)ethanol
EINECS 203-951-1
BRN 1734691
UNII-7P0O8282NR
DTXSID1026908
7P0O8282NR
Ethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether
EC 203-951-1
31726-34-8
4-01-00-02383 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID606908
2-(hexyloxy)ethan-1-ol
CAS-112-25-4
2-hexyloxy-ethanol
MFCD00045997
2-(n-Hexyloxy)ethanol
Ethylenglykolmonohexylether
Etanol, 2-(hexiloxi)-
2-(1-Hexyloxy) ethanol
Ethylene glycol hexyl ether
SCHEMBL24741
CHEMBL3188016
(C2-H4-O)mult-C6-H14-O
Tox21_202105
Tox21_300545
AKOS009156771
NCGC00248089-01
NCGC00248089-02
NCGC00254448-01
NCGC00259654-01
LS-66802
FT-0631642
H0343
EN300-114321
F71224
500-077-5 (NLP #)
W-109065
Q27268660
Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, BioXtra, >=99.0% (GC)
HEXYL CELLOSOLVE SOLVENT
Hexyl cellosolve solvent is a high boiling point, slow evaporating rate solvent with excellent solvency characteristics.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent has the characteristic structure of glycol ethers and contains both ether and alcohol functional groups in the same molecule.
As a result, Hexyl cellosolve solvent provides unique cleaning power for removal of both water-soluble and greasy (water insoluble) soils.

CAS: 112-25-4
MF: C8H18O2
MW: 146.23
EINECS: 203-951-1

Synonyms
2-(hexyloxy)-ethano;N-HEXYLMONOOXYETHYLENE;N-HEXYL CELLOSOLVE;C6E1;ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOHEXYL ETHER;ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-HEXYL ETHER;ETHYLENE GLYCOL N-HEXYL ETHER;HEXYLGLYCOL
2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol;Ethanol, 2-(hexyloxy)-, 2-(HEXYLOXY)ETHANOL, 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol C6E1 Hexylglycol, Hexyl Cellosolve, Ethylene Glycol Monohexyl Ether, 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol, n-Hexylglycol, Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, Ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether, 2-(Hexyloxy) ethanol, Ethylenglykolmonohexylether, 2-Hexyloxyethanol, 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol, HEXYL GLYCOL, 2-Hexyloxyethanol, Hexoxyethylene glycol, 2-hexyloxyethanol, Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, 2-hexyloxyethanol;112-25-4;Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether;2-Hexyloxyethanol;Ethanol, 2-(hexyloxy)-;2-HEXOXYETHANOL;Hexyl cellosolve;n-Hexyl cellosolve;Glycol monohexyl ether;Cellosolve, N-hexyl-;2-Hexyloxy-1-ethanol;Ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether;DTXSID1026908;7P0O8282NR;Ethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether;MFCD00045997;31726-34-8;DTXCID606908;Ethanol, 2-hexyloxy-;2-(hexyloxy)ethan-1-ol;CAS-112-25-4;Ethylene glycol-n-monohexyl ether;HSDB 5569;2-n-(Hexyloxy)ethanol;EINECS 203-951-1;BRN 1734691;Hexylglycol;UNII-7P0O8282NR;2-hexyloxy-ethanol;2-(n-Hexyloxy)ethanol;Ethylenglykolmonohexylether;2-(1-Hexyloxy) ethanol;EC 203-951-1;SCHEMBL24741;4-01-00-02383 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);C6E1;CHEMBL3188016;Tox21_202105;Tox21_300545;AKOS009156771;NCGC00248089-01;NCGC00248089-02;NCGC00254448-01;NCGC00259654-01;LS-13544;FT-0631642;H0343;NS00007590;EN300-114321;F71224;W-109065;Q27268660;Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, BioXtra, >=99.0% (GC)

A high boiling point, slow evaporating solvent with excellent solvency characteristics.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent has the characteristic structure of glycol ethers and contains both ether and alcohol functional groups in the same molecule.
As a result, Hexyl cellosolve solvent provides unique cleaning power for removal of both water-soluble and greasy (water insoluble) soils.
The linear hexyl portion of this provides excellent oil solubility characteristics that make Hexyl cellosolve solvent useful in both consumer and industrial cleaner applications.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent plays an important role in specialty printing inks.
Because of its limited water solubility and slow evaporation, Hexyl cellosolve solvent can be used in formulations for the silk screen process to prevent premature setting of the ink.
Hexyl cellosolve solventl or 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol is a glycol ether that has a chemical formula of C8H18O2.

Hexyl cellosolve solvent Chemical Properties
Melting point: -45.1℃
Boiling point: 98-99°C 0,15mm
Density: 0.888 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 10Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.431
Fp: 98-99°C/0.15mm
Storage temp.: -15°C
pka: 14.44±0.10(Predicted)
Form: clear liquid
Color: Colorless to Light yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble in alcohol and ether, water (9.46 g/L ).
BRN: 1734691
LogP: 1.97 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-25-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexyl cellosolve solvent (112-25-4)

Uses
Hexyl cellosolve solvent is used as solvents in speciality printing inks and coalescing aids in surface coatings, coupling agent, rust remover, adhesives and surface cleaners.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent is used by professional workers (widespread uses), consumers, in re-packing or re-formulation, in manufacturing, and at industrial sites.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent is used as high-boiling solvent.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent also serves as an intermediate for neopentanoate and hexyloxyethyl phosphate.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent serves as a coalescing agent in cleaners and latex paints.

Hazards
According to the European Chemicals Agency, Hexyl cellosolve solvent is classified as harmful when in contact with skin and when swallowed.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent can also cause skin burns and serious eye damage.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent was also known to cause kidney injury and depression.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent is also a severe respiratory tract irritant.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent may also have blood effects.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent may enter the body through ingestion, aerosol inhalation, and through the skin.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent may form explosive peroxides.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent can react violently with strong oxidants.
Hexyl cellosolve solvent is classified as a green circle product EPA Safer Choice meaning it is of low concern.
HEXYL GLYCOL
HEXYL GLYCOL = n-HEXYL GLYCOL = ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOHEXYL ETHER = 2-(HEXYLOXY)ETHANOL


CAS number: 112-25-4
EC number: 203-951-1
MDL Number: MFCD00045997
Molecular formula: C8H18O2


Hexyl glycol is a clear, mobile, neutral, slightly hygroscopic liquid with a mild odor.
Hexyl glycol is miscible with all common solvents, e. g. alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, ethers, glycols and aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Hexyl glycol's miscibility with water, however, is limited.
Hexyl glycol enters into the typical reactions of alcohols, e. g. esterification, etherification, oxidation and the formation of alcoholates.


Since Hexyl glycol may react with the oxygen in the air to form peroxides.
Hexyl glycol, as known 2-Hexoxyethanol or 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol, is a glycol ether that has a chemical formula of C8H18O2.
Hexyl glycol (Ethylene Glycol Monohexyl Ether), n°112-25-4 is measured by GC-FID.
A sample material must be taken using special equipment.


Hexyl glycol (Cas No.: 112-25-4) is a high boiling pint, slow evaporating rate solvent with excellent solvency characteristics.
Hexyl glycol is a colorless liquid with a slight ether-like odor and bitter taste
Hexyl glycol's vapour is heavier than air.
Hexyl glycol is a colorless liquid with a slight ether odor and bitter taste.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXYL GLYCOL:
Hexyl glycol is used Industry, Scientific Research, Health, Environmental Protection, Agriculture
Usage of Hexyl glycol: Laboratory Reagents, Analytical Reagents, Diagnostic Reagents, Teaching Reagents
Hexyl glycol is mainly used as a solvent, flow promoter and coalescent aid in the coatings industry and in printing inks and cleaners.
Hexyl glycol is used Clear, mobile, high-boiling, low-volatility liquid for use as a solvent, flow promoter and coalescent.
By virtue of its good solvent power, the main applications of n-Hexylglycol are as a solvent, flow promoter and coalescent aid.


For instance, it improves the flow of many baking finish systems.
Added in small proportions to formulations for electrodeposition paints, it greatly improves film formation and levelling.
Hexyl glycol is also eminently suitable as a mild, low-odour co-solvent in low-aromatic mineral spirit blends for dissolving polymer binders such as Acronal 260 F.
Hexyl glycol can also be used in printing inks and cleaners.


Hexyl glycol is used as solvents in speciality printing inks and coalescing aids in surface coatings, coupling agent, rust remover, adhesives and surface cleaners.
Other uses of Hexyl glycol are: Sealants, Adhesives, Coating products, Finger Paints, Fillers, Anti-freeze products, Plasters, Putties, Lubricants, Modelling Clay, Greases, Automotive care products, Machine wash liquids/detergents, Air fresheners, Fragrances, and Other outdoor use.
Hexyl glycol is used as a high-boiling solvent.


Hexyl glycol is used as a chemical intermediate for hexyloxyethyl phosphate and neopentanoate.
Hexyl glycol is used as a coalescing agent in latex paints and cleaners.
Hexyl glycol is used by professional workers (widespread uses), consumers, in re-packing or re-formulation, in manufacturing, and at industrial sites.
Hexyl glycol is used as high-boiling solvent.


Hexyl glycol also serves as an intermediate for neopentanoate and hexyloxyethyl phosphate.
Hexyl glycol serves as a coalescing agent in cleaners and latex paints.
Hexyl glycol is mainly used as solvents for cleaning fluids, paints, coatings and ink preparations.
Hexyl glycol has excellent oil solubility, making it effective in household and industrial cleaning applications.


Hexyl glycol is used as a coalescing agent for water-based latex-based coatings and plays an important role in specialty printing inks, including screen printing processes, where its limited water solubility and slow evaporation rate prevent premature ink settling .
Two solvents, Hexyl glycol and diethylene glycol hexyl ether, are potential replacements for halogenated hydrocarbons in non-vapor degreasing applications.
Hexyl glycol is used as high-boiling solvent, Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture), and Cleaning and furnishing care products


Hexyl glycol can be used as coalescent for water-borne.
Hexyl glycolcan be used as coupling agent and solvent in household and industrial clearners, rust removers, hard surface cleaners and disinfectants.
Hexyl glycol can be used as primary solvent in solvent-based silk screen printing inks.
Hexyl glycol is used for Biological Purpose, For Microscopic Purpose, For Lens Blooming, Technical Grade, Pratical Use, Pro Analysis, Super Special Grade, For Synthesis, For Electrophoresis Use.


Hexyl glycol can be used as a solvent in lacquers, paints, resins, dyes, oils and lubricants, as well as as a coupling and dispersant.
Hexyl glycol can be used as a solvent for paints, paints, resins, dyes, oils and lubricating oils, as well as coupling and dispersing agents.
Hexyl glycol is used as special solvent for coating and ink.
Hexyl glycol can be used as solvent in specialty printing inks.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of HEXYL GLYCOL:
*Primary alcohols
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS of HEXYL GLYCOL:
*Dialkyl ether
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXYL GLYCOL:
Molar mass 146.23 g/mol
n-Hexylglycol: 98.0 min. %
Water: 0.1 max. %
Pt/Co color value (Hazen): 10 max.
Acid value: 0.1 max mg KOH/g
Boiling range at 1013 hPa; 95 Vol.-%; 2 – 97 ml 200 – 212 °C
Density at 20 °C: 0.887 – 0.890 g/cm3
Refractive index: nD20 1.428 – 1.430
Solidification point: at 1013 hPa - 42 °C (ice flakes)
Evaporation rate ether: 1 approx. 1200
Enthalpy of combustion: at 25 °C 33 136 kJ/kg -
Enthalpy of vaporization: at 25 °C 475 kJ/kg -
Enthalpy of vaporization: at boiling point 325 kJ/kg
Enthalpy of formation: at 25 °C - 3 776 kJ/kg -

Dipole moment: (µ) 2.08 D
Solubility Mass fraction of Hexyl glycol in water: 1.0 %
Water in Hexyl glycol: 18.8 %
Water Solubility: 4.22 g/L
logP: 1.82
logP: 1.65
logS: -1.5
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 15.12
pKa (Strongest Basic): -2.7
Physiological Charge: 0
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 29.46 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 7

Refractivity: 42.38 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 18.54 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: 1
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: Yes
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: Yes
S.G @ 20C/20C: 0.887
Distillation Range C Min: 200
Distillation Range C Max: 212
Evaporation Rate Ether = 1: >1200
Flash Point Deg C: 92
Solubility % wt in Water: @ 20C 1

Appearance and properties: transparent liquid
Density: 0.888 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 98-99°C 0,15mm
Melting point: -45.1ºC
Flash point: 98-99°C/0.15mm
Refractive index: n20/D 1.431
Appearance: Colorless Clear Liquid
Content, GC%Wt: ≥98.0
Acidity,%Wt.(calculated as acetic acid): ≤0.01
Moisture,%Wt: ≤0.15
Chroma, Hazen unit (platinum-cobalt color number): ≤15
Min. Purity Spec: >99% (GC)
Physical Form (at 20°C): Liquid
Melting Point: -42°C

Boiling Point: 208°C
Flash Point: 94°C
Density: 0.89
Refractive Index: 1.43
Long-Term Storage: Store long-term in a cool, dry place
Appearance Form: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: ether-like
Odor Threshold: No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -50,1 °C at 1.013 hPa
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 208,5 °C at 1.013 hPa

Flash point: 90 °C - closed cup
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0,1 hPa at 22,9 °C - OECD Test Guideline 104
Vapor density: No data available
Density: 0,888 g/mL at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: 9,46 g/l - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,97 at 25 °C
Autoignition temperature: 225 °C at 1.008 - 1.015 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 4,4 mPa.s at 20 °C
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Appearance (20°)C : Clear Liquid
Color (APHA or less) : 15
Specific gravity (20°C) : 0.887~0.892
Acidity (% or less) : 0.01
Water content (% or less) : 0.2
Purity (% or more) : 98
Molecular Weight: 146.23
XLogP3: 1.9

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 7
Exact Mass: 146.130679813
Monoisotopic Mass: 146.130679813
Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 55.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXYL GLYCOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing: make victim drink water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXYL GLYCOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXYL GLYCOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXYL GLYCOL:
-Control parameters
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters
-Exposure controls
--Personal protective equipment
*Eye/face protection
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXYL GLYCOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXYL GLYCOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
C6E1
2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol
Hexylglycol
2-(HEXYLOXY)ETHANOL
2-N-(HEXYLOXY)ETHANOL
C6E1
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOHEXYL ETHER
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-HEXYL ETHER
ETHYLENE GLYCOL N-HEXYL ETHER
HEXYLGLYCOL
N-HEXYL CELLOSOLVE
N-HEXYLMONOOXYETHYLENE
2-(hexyloxy)-ethano
2-Hexoxyethanol
2-hexyloxy-ethano
Cellosolve, n-hexyl-
ethyleneglycol-n-monohexylether
Glycol monohexyl ether
glycolmonohexylether
Hexyl cellosolve
hexylcellosolve
n-hexyl-cellosolv
Ethylenegylcolmono-N-hexylether
2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol
Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether
2-Hexyloxyethanol
Ethanol, 2-(hexyloxy)-
2-HEXOXYETHANOL
Hexyl cellosolve
n-Hexyl cellosolve
Glycol monohexyl ether
Cellosolve, N-hexyl-
2-Hexyloxy-1-ethanol
Ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether
2-n-(Hexyloxy)ethanol
7P0O8282NR
Ethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether
DSSTox_CID_6908
DSSTox_RID_78248
DSSTox_GSID_26908
31726-34-8
Ethanol, 2-hexyloxy-
Ethylene glycol-n-monohexyl ether
HSDB 5569
Hexyl alcohol, ethoxylated
BRN 1734691
UNII-7P0O8282NR
2-hexyloxy-ethanol
MFCD00045997
2-(n-Hexyloxy)ethanol
Ethylenglykolmonohexylether
2-(1-Hexyloxy) ethanol
EC 203-951-1
Ethylene glycol hexyl ether
SCHEMBL24741
4-01-00-02383
CHEMBL3188016
DTXSID1026908
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hexyl-.omega.-hydroxy-
ZINC2041054
Tox21_202105
Tox21_300545
AKOS009156771
NCGC00248089-01
NCGC00248089-02
NCGC00254448-01
NCGC00259654-01
LS-13544
DB-041064
FT-0631642
H0343
F71224
W-109065
Q27268660
Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, BioXtra, >=99.0% (GC)
Hexyl laurate
hexyl laurate; Hexyl dodecanoate; Dodecanoic acid, hexyl ester; Hexyllaurat;Lauric acid hexyl ester; Einecs 251-932-1; Hexyl dodecanoat; Laurinsaeurehexylester cas no: 34316-64-8
HEXYL NICOTINATE
HEXYL CINNAMAL; Noms français : ALDEHYDE HEXYLCINNAMIQUEOCTANAL, 2-(PHENYLMETHYLENE)-. Noms anglais :HEXYLCINNAMALDEHYDE; N° CAS : 101-86-0 - Hexylcinnamaldéhyde, Origine(s) : Synthétique. Autres langues : Hexil cinamal, Hexylzimt, Nom INCI : HEXYL CINNAMAL. Nom chimique : 2-Phenylmethyleneoctanal; alpha-Hexylcinnamaldehyde; 2-Benzylideneoctanal; alpha-n-hexyl-beta-phenylacrolein. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 202-983-3/639-566-4. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques. 2-(Phenylmethylene)octanal (2E)-?-hexylcinnamaldehyde (2E)-2-(phenylmethylidene)octanal (2E)-2-Benzylideneoctanal [ACD/IUPAC Name] (2E)-2-Benzylidèneoctanal [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] (2E)-2-Benzylidenoctanal [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] 101-86-0 [RN] 165184-98-5 [RN] 202-983-3 [EINECS] 2569 Cinnamaldehyde, α-hexyl- Cinnamaldehyde, α-hexyl- E9947QRR9O Hexyl cinnamal Hexyl cinnamaldehyde [Wiki] Hexyl cinnamic aldehyde MFCD00006989 [MDL number] Octanal, 2- (phenylmethylene)- Octanal, 2-(phenylmethylene)-, (2E)- [ACD/Index Name] α-hexyl cinnamaldehyde α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde α-Hexylcinnamaldehyde α-HEXYLCINNAMALDEHYDE, (2E)- α-Hexylcinnamic aldehyde α-Hexylcinnamic aldehyde (2E)-2-(phenylmethylene)octanal (2E)-2-hexyl-3-phenylprop-2-enal (2Z)-2-Benzylideneoctanal [ACD/IUPAC Name] (2Z)-2-Hexyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal (E)-2-benzylideneoctanal (E)-2-hexyl-3-phenyl-acrolein ??-hexylcinnamaldehyde ?-Hexylcinnamic aldehyde [101-86-0] 2-(Phenylmethylene)-Octanal 2-(Phenylmethylene)octanal, 9CI 2-(phenylmethylidene)octanal 2-[(E)-benzylidene]octanal 2-[1-Phenyl-meth-(E)-ylidene]-octanal 2502968 2-Hexenyl cynnamaldehyde 2-Hexyl-3-phenyl-2-propenal 2-hexyl-3-phenyl-acrolein 2-Hexyl-3-phenyl-propenal 2-Hexylcinnamaldehyde 3-Phenyl-2-propenal dimethyl acetal a-Hexylcinnamaldehyde, 8CI a-Hexylcinnamylaldehyde a-n-Hexyl-b-phenylacrolein BB_NC-0223 Benzoic acid, 4-(aminomethyl)- (9CI) Cinnamaldehyde, dimethyl acetal Cinnamaldehyde, α -hexyl- Cinnamic aldehyde dimethyl acetal FEMA 2569 H.C.A. Hexyl cinnamic aldehyde (VAN) Hexyl Cinnamic Aldehyde Natural -Hexyl-3-phenyl-propenal Hexylcinnamal Hexylcinnamaldehyde HEXYLCINNAMALDEHYDE with GC Jasmonal H. n-Hexyl cinnamaldehyde UNII:E9947QRR9O UNII-E9947QRR9O WLN: VHY6 & U1R α -hexylcinnamaldehyde α -hexylcinnamic aldehyde α -N-hexyl-α -hexylcinnamaldehyde α -N-hexyl-β -phenylacrolein α-hexylcinnamaldehyde α-Hexylcinnamyl aldehyde α-Hexyl-β-phenylacrolein α-N-Hexylcinnamaldehyde α-n-Hexylcinnamic aldehyde α-n-Hexyl-β-phenylacrolein α-n-Hexyl-β-phenylacrolein
Hexylcinnamaldéhyde
2-Hexyl-1-decanol; 2425-77-6; 2-Hexyldecan-1-ol; 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl-; 2-Hexyldecyl Alcohol cas no: 2425-77-6
HEXYLDECANOL
HEXYLDECANOL, N° CAS : 2425-77-6 - Hexyldécanol, Nom INCI : HEXYLDECANOL, Nom chimique : 2-Hexyldecan-1-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 219-370-1, Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS), Ses fonctions (INCI), Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
HEXYLDECYL ETHYLHEXANOATE
HEXYLDECYL LAURATE, Nom INCI : HEXYLDECYL LAURATE, Nom chimique : 2-Hexyldecyl dodecanoate, Ses fonctions (INCI). Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
HEXYLDECYL LAURATE
Hexyldecyl stearate; Octadecanoic acid, 2-hexyldecyl ester; 17618-45-0; Eutanol G 16S; 2-Hexyldecyl stearate cas no: 17618-45-0
HEXYLDECYL STEARATE
HEXYLENE GLYCOL; 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol; Diolane; Hexylene glycol; 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol; 2-Metilpentano-2,4-diol; 2-Méthylpentane-2,4-diol; (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol; 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol; 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane; 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol; alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol; cas no: 107-41-5, 99113-75-4
HEXYLDECYL STEARATE
Hexyldecyl stearate is a versatile emollient and solvent widely used in personal care products like skin creams, lotions, and sunscreens due to its ability to soften skin and reduce oiliness.
As a clear, low-viscosity ester, Hexyldecyl stearate enhances the spreadability and smoothness of formulations, making it ideal for cosmetics such as lipsticks, eye makeup, and skin care products.
In addition to its cosmetic applications, Hexyldecyl stearate is utilized as a lubricant and processing agent in industries like metalworking, textiles, and plastics, thanks to its excellent thermal stability and hydrophobic properties.

CAS Number: 22047-49-0
EC Number: 244-754-0
Molecular Formula: C26H52O2
Molecular Weight: 396.6899

Synonyms: 22047-49-0 [RN], 244-754-0 [EINECS], 2-ethylhexyl octadecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Ethylhexylstearat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE, Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester [ACD/Index Name], Stéarate de 2-éthylhexyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], [22047-49-0], 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, mixture of stearate and palmitate (7:3), 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, mixture of stearate and palmitate (7:3), Technical grade, 2-Ethylhexyloctadecanoate, 2-ETHYLHEXYLSTEARATE, AGN-PC-00L26C, CHEMBL3184927, DSSToxCID27178, DSSToxGSID47178, DSSToxRID82175, ethyl 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate, MFCD00072275 [MDL number], SCHEMBL153398, stearic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, octyl ester [ACD/Index Name], octyl octadecanoate, Octyl stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name], Octylstearat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Stéarate d'octyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Stearic acid, octyl ester, 22047-49-0 [RN], 244-754-0 [EINECS], 2-ethylhexyl octadecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Ethylhexylstearat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE, Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester [ACD/Index Name], Stéarate de 2-éthylhexyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], [22047-49-0] [RN], 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, mixture of stearate and palmitate (7:3), 2-Ethylhexyloctadecanoate, 2-ETHYLHEXYLSTEARATE, AGN-PC-00L26C, CHEMBL3184927, DSSToxCID27178, DSSToxGSID47178, DSSToxRID82175, ethyl 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate, MFCD00072275 [MDL number], SCHEMBL153398, stearic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, 22047-49-0, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate, Ethylhexyl stearate, Cetiol 868, Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, EG3PA2K3K5, DTXSID9047178, Stearic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, C26H52O2, ethyl hexyl stearate, CRODAMOL OS, TEGOSOFT OS, ETHOX EHS, PELEMOL OS, EXCEPARL EH-S, UNII-EG3PA2K3K5, SCHEMBL153398, ?2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE, ESTOL 1545, CHEMBL3184927, DTXCID7027178, OPJWPPVYCOPDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N, ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE [INCI], Tox21_302619, ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE [WHO-DD], MFCD00072275, AKOS015901877, NCGC00256861-01, CAS-22047-49-0, CS-0152204, FT-0756635, E78095, EC 244-754-0, W-110539, Q27277167, OCTADECANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER, (+/-)-, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, mixture of stearate and palmitate (4:6)

Hexyldecyl stearate is commonly used as an emollient to deliver skin-softening properties and a smooth afterfeel.
Hexyldecyl stearate is a medium spreading emollient for all kind of cosmetic applications.

Hexyldecyl stearate or 2-Ethylhexyl stearate is an ester of stearic acid with octanol.
Hexyldecyl stearate is again one member of the groups called stearate esters which are obtained by reacting stearic acid with an alkyl group containing alcohol.

Stearate esters all have unique properties of oily nature, but low viscosity and lighter feel.
That’s why they are the choice of solvents in makeup related products.

Hexyldecyl stearate is obtained from various animal and plant source.
Hexyldecyl stearate comes as clear to slightly yellowish liquid.

Hexyldecyl stearate, also known as Ethylhexyl Stearate or 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, is a renewable palm derivative with a variety of uses in both personal care and cosmetics manufacturing.
Hexyldecyl stearate is a stearate ester with similar properties to Isopropyl Myristate.
As with all stearate personal care esters, the Hexyldecyl stearate manufacturing process entails a reaction between Hexyldecyl stearate and alcohols such as cetyl, butyl, isopropyl or myristyl alcohol.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a fatty acid derived from animal fat.
Hexyldecyl stearate acts as a lubricant that softens the skin and gives Hexyldecyl stearate a smooth appearance.

Hexyldecyl stearate is excellent liquid emollient and thickening agent for cosmetic formulations.
Hexyldecyl stearate provides a soft barrier to the skin to impart moisturization and a smooth feel.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a clear, almost colorless (or slightly yellowish) oily liquid (an ester to be precise) that's used as a medium spreading emollient.
Hexyldecyl stearate gives skin a nice and smooth after-feel and it's very good at reducing oiliness or greasiness coming from other heavier oils in the formula.

Hexyldecyl stearate is used an emollient derived from plant oil that prevents water loss
Hexyldecyl stearate is also known as 2-Ethylhexyl stearate.

Hexyldecyl stearate also known as 2-Ethylhexyl Octadecanoate or 2-Ethylhexyl stearate is a palm derivative which is renewable in nature and is extensively used in personal care industry.
The stearate esters are prepared by the reaction between Hexyldecyl stearate and alcohol such as isopropyl, ethylhexyl, myistyl alcohol, cetyl, butyl among others.

Hexyldecyl stearate can be obtained form from animal origin as well as vegetable fats.
Hexyldecyl stearate is prepared by the reaction between Hexyldecyl stearate and ethylhexyl alcohol.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a clear ester liquid which is free of suspended matter and is available in colourless liquid form.
Ethylhexyl alcohol possess unique property of low viscosity and oily nature owing to which when applied on skin or lips Hexyldecyl stearate forms an hydrophobic film.
Thereby, softens the skin and imparts smooth appearance.

With rising consumer concern towards personal health, demand for personal care serices and products are witnessing a substantial growth.
Thereby, boosting the market growth of Hexyldecyl stearate as Hexyldecyl stearate is commonly used ester in personal care products.

Hexyldecyl stearate is commonly used as an emollient which prevents the water loss.
Hence, is extensively used as emulsion, bath oils and as solvent in cosmetic products.

Hexyldecyl stearate is widely used in the manufacturing of formulations for skin make up, lipstick, eye liner and other skin care products.
Apart from personal care industry, Hexyldecyl stearate also widely used as an intermediate, lubricating agent and surface active agent.

Owing to these properties ethtylhexyl stearate is commonly used in the manufacturing of metal working fluids.
Also, Hexyldecyl stearate offers good thermal stability and hence finds application in aluminium rolling, also is used in manufacturing of ink additives and paints.
Hence, broad spectrum of application provides an opportunistic platform for the robust growth of Hexyldecyl stearate market over the period of time.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a special emollient ester in cosmetic formulations.
Hexyldecyl stearate is a softening, thickening agent, dispersant and solvent.

Hexyldecyl stearate is often used as a base for skin care agents.
Hexyldecyl stearate is suitable for use in lotions, sunscreens, hair care, lip care, eye care, antiperspirant and bath oils.
Hexyldecyl stearate is oil soluble and supplied as a whitish clear liquid.

Hexyldecyl stearate, also known as Ethylhexyl Stearate or 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, is a renewable palm derivative that has a variety of uses in both personal care and cosmetic manufacturing.
Hexyldecyl stearate is a stearate ester with similar properties to Isopropyl Myristat.

As with all stearate personal care esters, the Hexyldecyl stearate manufacturing process causes a reaction between Hexyldecyl stearate and alcohols such as cetyl, butyl, isopropyl or myristyl alcohol.
Hexyldecyl stearate acts as a lubricant that softens the skin and gives Hexyldecyl stearate a smooth appearance.

Hexyldecyl stearate or 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, is a date derivative that is renewable in nature and widely used in the personal care industry.
Stearate esters are prepared by the reaction between Hexyldecyl stearate and alcohol such as isopropyl, ethylhexyl, myistyl alcohol, cetyl, butyl, among others.

Hexyldecyl stearate can be obtained from vegetable oils as well as from animal origin.
Hexyldecyl stearate is prepared by the reaction between Hexyldecyl stearate and ethylhexyl alcohol.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a clear ester liquid with no suspended matter and available in colorless liquid form.
Ethylhexyl alcohol has a unique property of low viscosity and oily nature, as Hexyldecyl stearate forms a hydrophobic film when applied to the skin or lips.
Thus, Hexyldecyl stearate softens the skin and gives Hexyldecyl stearate a smooth appearance.

Hexyldecyl stearate is an excellent moisturizer with low comedogenicity and medium spreading properties.
Hexyldecyl stearate gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance while preventing water loss.
Hexyldecyl stearate is very suitable for use in sun screen formulations.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a renewable palm derivative with a variety of uses in both personal care and industrial applications.
Hexyldecyl stearate is used in cosmetic formulations as a solvent, carrying agent, wetting agent, emollient, and used mostly in the formulation of, eye/skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.
Hexyldecyl stearate also widely used in metal working fluids, textile auxiliaries and lube & grease.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a chemical compound that belongs to the family of esters.
Hexyldecyl stearate is commonly used in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and plastics.
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of Hexyldecyl stearate, including Hexyldecyl stearate method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure, biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a low odor product with resistance to extraction by water, oils and solvents.
Hexyldecyl stearate is the least effective costabilizer on Hexyldecyl stearate range due to Hexyldecyl stearate lower oxirane value but is good at reducing viscosity in plastisols and remains liquid down to -20°C.

Hexyldecyl stearate is used in cosmetics to provide a barrier between skin and the elements, and to soften and smooth the skin.
Hexyldecyl stearate used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.

Hexyldecyl stearate used as plasticizer for natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
Hexyldecyl stearate used as release agent.

Hexyldecyl stearate used as lubricating agent for process aluminium foil; creates plasticity.
Hexyldecyl stearate used in the pharmaceutical industry and in plastics; oil agent of textile; additive for leather.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a light ester with low viscosity (7-10,5 cSt) and emollient properties.
Hexyldecyl stearate improves the spreadability of preparations, Hexyldecyl stearate easily absorbed and leaves a non-greasy, non-occlusive protective film on the skin, which feels silky and smooth.
Hexyldecyl stearate is ideal on makeup formulations such as lipsticks and mascaras.

Hexyldecyl stearate is an ester of stearic acid and 2-ethylhexanol.
Hexyldecyl stearate is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor and a low viscosity.

The chemical formula of Hexyldecyl stearate is C26H52O2, and Hexyldecyl stearate has a molecular weight of 368.64 g/mol.
Hexyldecyl stearate is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as an emollient and a solvent.

As an emollient, Hexyldecyl stearate has a softening and smoothing effect on the skin and hair, making them feel less greasy and more comfortable.
As a solvent, Hexyldecyl stearate can dissolve other ingredients and help them spread more evenly on the skin or hair.
Hexyldecyl stearate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, and Hexyldecyl stearate low toxicity makes Hexyldecyl stearate an attractive ingredient for a variety of personal care products.

Hexyldecyl stearate is also known as 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, Hexyldecyl stearate can be used as a lubricant in all kinds of cosmetic products.
Hexyldecyl stearate is an IPM alternative.
Hexyldecyl stearate has a medium-low lubrication feel.

Hexyldecyl stearate can be used in products where oiliness is not desired.
Hexyldecyl stearate will also reduce the oiliness of other oils.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a cream-type cleansing cosmetic compound containing large amount of oil phase and Hexyldecyl stearate manufacturing method.
In cosmetics and personal care products, stearate esters are used most frequently in the formulation of eye makeup, skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.

Hexyldecyl stearate is used in personal care applications and and in can lubes.
Hexyldecyl stearate is a palm dervied product made from Stearic Acid and 2-Ethylhexanol.

Hexyldecyl stearate can be considered a protector of the skin.
Hexyldecyl stearate is an emollient derived from plant oil.

The lipide prevents water loss and therefore helps the skin to efficiently store moisture.
Hexyldecyl stearate is acts as a good moisturizer and emollient for skin creams, lotions and sunscreen.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a cationic polymerization that is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride.
Hexyldecyl stearate has been shown to be an effective additive for hydrophobic effects, and Hexyldecyl stearate has very high values for surface methodology.

Hexyldecyl stearate is also clinically proven to have skin cell penetration properties and can be used as a carrier agent for other ingredients.
The fatty acid portion of this molecule provides hydroxyl groups, which may help with the function of dimethyl fumarate.
Hexyldecyl stearate also contains a potassium hexafluorophosphate group in Hexyldecyl stearate structure, which can be used as an emulsifier or dispersant.

Hexyldecyl stearate is mainly a skin conditioning ingredient and Hexyldecyl stearate acts primarily as lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.
In our products, Hexyldecyl stearate is used as hair conditioner.
Hexyldecyl stearate helps to increase the softness and smoothness of hair, reduce tangles and surface roughness.

Use and Benefits of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
Hexyldecyl stearate is also linked to skin’s natural fatty acid content, so Hexyldecyl stearate is ideal for skin preparation.
Moreover, Hexyldecyl stearate imparts the right amount of viscosity to Hexyldecyl stearate, Hexyldecyl stearate acts as a thickening agent as well.

Hexyldecyl stearate also forms a film over the skin, a hydrophobic barrier which does not let the moisture pass through and escape from the skin.
And without any greasy feel, Hexyldecyl stearate moisturizes the skin.

Hexyldecyl stearate also nourishes the skin and provides a protective barrier; moist skin is healthy enough to fight any external inflammation.
After regular application, resultant skin may become softer and smoother.
Hexyldecyl stearate is most frequently used in skincare products, lipstick, skin makeup, and eye makeup.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a surfactant with a wide variety of applications and can be found, for example, as a solvent in lubricants and lubricant additives, surface treatment agents.
The following consumer products may contain Hexyldecyl stearate: fabrics, textiles and leather products, detergents, dishwashing liquids, lubricants, oils (excluding food oils) and others.

Hexyldecyl stearate is often used as an emollient to prevent water loss.
For this reason, Hexyldecyl stearate is widely used as a solvent in emulsions, bath oils and cosmetic products.

Hexyldecyl stearate is widely used in the production of formulations for skin make-up, lipstick, eyeliner and other skin care products.
Besides the personal care industry, Hexyldecyl stearate is also used as an intermediate, lubricant and surfactant oris widely used.

Because of these properties, Hexyldecyl stearate is widely used in the production of metalworking fluids.
Hexyldecyl stearate also offers good thermal stability and therefore finds application in aluminum rolling, Hexyldecyl stearate is also used in the manufacture of ink additives and paints.
Therefore, Hexyldecyl stearate wide range of applications provides an opportunistic platform for the Hexyldecyl stearate market to grow strongly over time.

However, with the increasing demand for organic and natural personal care products, various natural-based ingredients are used in the production of personal care products.
Thus, Hexyldecyl stearate limits the market growth of Hexyldecyl stearate.

Moreover, Hexyldecyl stearate is derived from animal fat, which is hindering the growth of the Hexyldecyl stearate market with the increasing adoption of vegan-based products.
Hexyldecyl stearate also causes mild eye irritation and produces a mild odor, which may affect the adoption of ethyl stearate-based products among consumers.

Usage Areas:
Hexyldecyl stearate is used in cosmetic Softener, Dispersant, Solvent and Thickener.
Hexyldecyl stearate is used in metalworking lubricant.

Hexyldecyl stearate is branched chain softener ester specially developed for personal care and pharmaceutical applications.
Hexyldecyl stearate is non-occlusive with good spreading properties.

Hexyldecyl stearate is excellent super lubricant in detergent systems and soaps.
Hexyldecyl stearate is increases hair shine.
Hexyldecyl stearate is used in bath oils, skin cleansers, shampoos and conditioners.

Cosmetic use:
Hexyldecyl stearate is used in oil-based with low viscosity, high penetration and spreading effect.

Uses at industrial sites:
Hexyldecyl stearate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and pH regulators and water treatment products.
Hexyldecyl stearate is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of Hexyldecyl stearate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as processing aid, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Industry Uses:
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surface active agents
Emulsifier
Hydraulic fluids
Intermediate
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Other
Solubility enhancer
Surface modifier
Surfactant (surface active agent)

Consumer Uses:
Hexyldecyl stearate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, plant protection products, polishes and waxes and fertilisers.
Release to the environment of Hexyldecyl stearate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of Hexyldecyl stearate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Other consumer Uses:
Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
Laundry and dishwashing products
Lubricants and greases
Non-TSCA use
Personal care products
Emulsifier
Hydraulic fluids
Intermediate
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Other
Solubility enhancer
Surfactant (surface active agent)

Applications of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
Hexyldecyl stearate acts as a good moisturizer and emollient in personal care formulations like skin creams, lotions and sunscreens.
Hexyldecyl stearate is also finds use in color cosmetics like eyebrow pencil, concealer, lipstick etc.
Hexyldecyl stearate is used as an oil component for bath oils, bath emulsions, and as a solvent for active substances in cosmetics.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a variety of resin processing of the lubricant, non-toxic, with water resistance and good thermal stability.
Mainly used for PVC transparent soft and hard extrusion, injection molding, calendering products, the amount of 0.5-1 copies.

Hexyldecyl stearate of the modified vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer, polystyrene, nitrile rubber and other processing performance is also very effective.
Hexyldecyl stearate can also be used as a lubricant for fabrics, waterproofing agents, lubricants additives, cosmetics base material and so on.

Hexyldecyl stearate is a specialty emollient ester.
Hexyldecyl stearate is a superior emollient, thickening agent, dispersant, and solvent.

Hexyldecyl stearate properties allow use as a cleaner or diluent for lipophilic systems; cosmetic emollient and dispersant; plastic additive as external lubricant; industrial lubricant or separator; substitution of mineral, vegetable and selected silicone oils; and pigment binding and dispersing coagent.

Categories: Thickeners / Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Softeners
Hexyldecyl stearate is often used as an emollient for Hexyldecyl stearate skin softening properties and smooth feel.

Hexyldecyl stearate is often used as the base for skin conditioning agents.
Suitable for use in lotions, sunscreens, hair care, lip care, eye care, antiperspirants, and bath oils.

Hexyldecyl stearates serve as intermediates, surface active agents and lubricants/lubricant additives.

Hexyldecyl stearate is functions include the following.
CASE: Paint and Ink Additive
Lube and Grease: Oil Base Fluid
Metal Working Fluids: Lubricant with Excellent Adhesion to Metals and Good Thermal Stability. Also Used in Aluminum Rolling
Plastics: Lubricant
Rubber: Processing Agent
Textiles: Oiling Agent
Personal Care: Thickening Agent, Skin Conditioning Agent and Emollient in Skin Care Products
Cosmetics: Used as a Base, a Thickening Agent, a Pigment Wetting Agent, a Dispersant, a Solvent and an Emollient in Skin and Eye Make-Up and in Lipstick.
Personal care products/cosmetics using Hexyldecyl stearate: Lipstick, eye makeup, skin care and makeup products, moisturizers, anti-wrinkle creams and lotions, anti-aging products, hair conditioners and styling products, baby lotions and eye shadow

Industry Based Hexyldecyl stearate Applications:
Personal care
Textile
Chemicals

Applications of Hexyldecyl stearate based on functionality:
Lubrication
Processing
Darkening
Distributor

Other Applications:
After sun
Baby Care and Cleaning
Body care
Color Care
Facial Facial
Personal Cleaner
Care Wipes
Self Tanning
Sun protection
Bath, Shower & Soaps
Eye Colour
Face / Neck Skin Care
Face Colour
Facial Cleansers
Hair Conditioners - Rinse off
Lip Colour
Shampoos
Sun Protection
Tanning

Method of Synthesis or Extraction of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
Hexyldecyl stearate can be synthesized by the esterification of stearic acid with 2-ethylhexanol.
The reaction is catalyzed by an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid.

The efficiency and yield of this method depend on the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time.
The yield of this method is typically high, ranging from 80% to 95%.
However, this method may have environmental and safety considerations, such as the use of hazardous chemicals and the generation of waste.

Chemical Structure and Biological Activity of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
Hexyldecyl stearate has a chemical formula of C24H48O2 and a molecular weight of 368.64 g/mol.
Hexyldecyl stearate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint odor.

Hexyldecyl stearate has been shown to have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities.
Hexyldecyl stearate acts by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, scavenging free radicals, and disrupting the cell membrane of microorganisms.

Biological Effects of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
Hexyldecyl stearate has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects on various diseases, such as acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis.
Hexyldecyl stearate can improve skin hydration, reduce skin irritation, and enhance the penetration of active ingredients.

However, Hexyldecyl stearate may also have potential toxic effects, such as skin sensitization, eye irritation, and reproductive toxicity.
The toxicity of Hexyldecyl stearate depends on the dose, exposure route, and duration.

General Manufacturing Information of Hexyldecyl Stearate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Machinery Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Printing Ink Manufacturing
Printing and Related Support Activities
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Functions of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
According to Chemiplast, a Belgian researcher, Hexyldecyl stearate is used as an oil component for emulsions, bath oils, and as a solvent for active substances in cosmetics.
Stearate esters are used most frequently in the formulation of eye makeup, skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.

Properties of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
Hexyldecyl stearate is a clear liquid ester that is free of suspended matter, although Hexyldecyl stearate may also be a waxy solid.
Colorless in its liquid form, Hexyldecyl stearate produces a faint odor.

Hexyldecyl stearate is soluble in many organic solvents, although Hexyldecyl stearate is insoluble in water and Hexyldecyl stearate can also dissolve other substances.
When applied to the skin, Hexyldecyl stearate will leave a thin coating upon drying.
Hexyldecyl stearate also reduces the thickness of lipsticks.

Handling and Storage of Hexyldecyl Stearate:

Handling:
Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin.
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Keep away from sources of ignition.

Storage:
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from heat and open flames.
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use.
Ensure that storage facilities are equipped to handle spills and leaks.

Hexyldecyl stearate at normal temperatures and provide adequate ventilation.
Keep Hexyldecyl stearate from contacting oxidizing agents and observe all local regulations regarding safe product disposal.

Reactivity of Hexyldecyl Stearate:

Chemical Stability:
Hexyldecyl Stearate is generally stable under normal conditions.

Conditions to Avoid:
Avoid exposure to high temperatures, flames, and oxidizing conditions.

Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents and acids may react with Hexyldecyl Stearate.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Decomposition may produce carbon oxides and other potentially harmful substances.

Safety of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
The Hexyldecyl stearate safety sheet indicates this chemical product is not hazardous.
However, Hexyldecyl stearate can cause irritation to the eyes or when ingested, although Hexyldecyl stearate is unlikely to cause skin irritation.
Hexyldecyl stearate will remain stable under typical handling and working conditions.

First Aid Measures of Hexyldecyl Stearate:

Inhalation:
Move the person to fresh air.
If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen and seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Ingestion:
Do not induce vomiting.
Rinse mouth and drink plenty of water.
Seek medical attention immediately.

Fire Fighting Measures of Hexyldecyl Stearate:

Fire Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical, carbon dioxide (CO2), or water spray to extinguish fires.

Fire Fighting Procedures:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) and protective clothing.
Cool containers with water spray to prevent rupture.

Hazards:
Combustion may produce fumes of carbon oxides and other hazardous compounds.
Avoid inhalation of smoke.

Accidental Release Measures of Hexyldecyl Stearate:

Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate protective equipment, including gloves and goggles.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Containment:
Prevent spillage from entering drains or waterways.
Contain the spill with absorbent materials such as sand or earth.

Cleanup:
Collect and dispose of the spilled material in accordance with local regulations.
Clean the area with detergent and water.

Exposure Control/Personal Protection of Hexyldecyl Stearate:

Occupational Exposure Limits:
No specific exposure limits are generally established for Hexyldecyl Stearate, but ensure exposure is minimized.

Engineering Controls:
Use in well-ventilated areas.
Employ local exhaust ventilation if necessary.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Respiratory Protection:
Use a respirator with a filter if exposure limits are exceeded or if there is insufficient ventilation.

Hand Protection:
Wear protective gloves to prevent skin contact.

Eye Protection:
Use safety goggles or face shields to protect against splashes.

Skin Protection:
Wear protective clothing as necessary to prevent skin exposure.

Identifiers of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
CAS No.: 22047-49-0
Chemical Name: 2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE
CBNumber: CB8120607
Molecular Formula: C26H52O2
Molecular Weight: 396.69
MDL Number: MFCD00072275

Properties of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
Appearance @ 20°C: Clear to light yellow liquid
Acid value (MGKOH/G): 1 Maximum
Saponification value: 142-156
Iodine value (WIJS): 1 Maximum
Hydroxyl value (MGKOH/G): 3 Maximum
Refractive index @ 25°C: 1.445-1.448
Specific gravity @25°C: 0.850-0.860

Density: 0.86g/cm3
Boiling Point: 438.7ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula: C26H52O2
Molecular Weight: 396.69000
Flash Point: 225.6ºC
Exact Mass: 396.39700
PSA: 26.30000
LogP: 9.15160
Vapour Pressure: 6.79E-08mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.451

Boiling point: 420.33°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.8789 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.4563 (estimate)
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Hexanes (Slightly)
form: Oil
color: Colourless
Specific Gravity: 0.826
InChI: InChI=1S/C26H52O2/c1-4-7-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-23-26(27)28-24-25(6-3)22-8-5-2/h25H,4-24H2,1-3H3
InChIKey: OPJWPPVYCOPDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(OCC(CC)CCCC)(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
LogP: 11.994 (est)

Molecular Weight: 396.7 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 11.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 23
Exact Mass: 396.396730897 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 396.396730897 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Complexity: 314
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Related Products of Hexyldecyl Stearate:
(2'S)-Nicotine 1-Oxide-d4
rac-Nicotine 1-Oxide-d4
1,7-Dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-2-amine
Disulfoton Sulfone
Disulfoton

Names of Hexyldecyl Stearate:

IUPAC names:
2-ethylhexyl octadecanoate
2-Ethylhexyl Stearate
2-Ethylhexyl stearate
2-ethylhexyl stearate
2-ethylhexyl stearate
LINCOL 60 LINCOL OS
octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester + Hexadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
octyl octadecanoate
Viscostatic E20
HEXYLENE GLYCOL
Hexylene Glycol largely acts as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity agent.
Hexylene Glycol′s a category of glycol often utilized as a solvent, humectant, and an agent to control viscosity.
Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O2.


CAS Number: 107-41-5
EC Number: 203-489-0
MDL number: MFCD00004547
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2 or (CH3)2COHCH2CHOHCH3



2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, Diolane, Hexylene Glycol (2-Methyl-2,4-Pentanediol, Isol, Pinakon, MPD, Hexane-1,2-Diol, (4S)-2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, (4R)-2-Methylpentane-2,4-Diol, Hexasol, 2,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, α,α,α'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, Diolane, Isol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol, Pinakon, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediole, (.+/-.)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, Isophthalic acid, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediolTrimethyltrimethylene glycolDiolaneIsolPinakonHexG, (2,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol, 4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, alpha,alpha,alpha’-trimethyltrimethylene glycol, diolane, hexylene glycol, isol, pinakon, 2,4-Pentanediol,2-methyl-, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Diolane, Hexylene glycol, Isol, α,α,α′-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, MPD, (±)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, Hexasol, Isohexanediol, 99113-75-4, 2-furanmethanol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Hexylene glycol, 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 107-41-5, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, Diolane, Pinakon, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Isol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, Caswell No. 574, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol, hexyleneglycol, HSDB 1126, UNII-KEH0A3F75J, (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, NSC-8098, EINECS 203-489-0, KEH0A3F75J, alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068601, BRN 1098298, 1,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanol, CCRIS 9439, DTXSID5021885, CHEBI:62995, AI3-00919, Hexylene glycol [NF], 1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol, TRACID RUBINE 5BL, DTXCID101885, EC 203-489-0, 1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 4-01-00-02565 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Hexylene glycol (NF), 7-MethylAtracuriumDimesylate(MixtureofDiastereomers), MPD, CAS-107-41-5, 2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-pentane-2,4-diol, 64229-01-2, MFCD00004547, Hexylene glycol, 99%, R-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 2methyl-2,4-pentanediol, Hexylene glycol, >=99%, Hexylene glycol, 99.5%, SCHEMBL19379, 1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, CHEMBL2104293, NSC8098, (?)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N, HMS3264E19, HY-B0903, Hexylene glycol, analytical standard, Tox21_201975, Tox21_302818, s3588, AKOS015901459, CCG-213719, WLN: QY1 & 1XQ1 & 1, NCGC00249143-01, NCGC00256494-01, NCGC00259524-01, AC-13749, AS-58339, Hexylene glycol, BioXtra, >=99% (GC), (+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD, FT-0605050, FT-0605756, FT-0613069, Hexylene glycol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), M0384, (S)-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, .alpha.,.alpha.'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, Hexylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC), D04439, EN300-170052, AB01563179_01, J-640306, J-660006, Q2792203, W-108748, Z1255485267, Hexylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Diolane, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, MPD, MVD, FP17780, NSC 66498, Einecs 227-150-, 3-Methylpentanediol-2,4, 2-METHYLPENTANE-2,4-DIOL, 3-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 3-methyl-pentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Pentanediol, 3-methyl-, HGL, Diolane, Isol, Pinakon, 1,1,3-Trimethyl-Triethylenediol, Diacetone Glycol, Methylamilene Glycol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2- Methyl-Penthane, 2-Methyl-Penthane-2,4-Diol., (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, Diolane, Hexylene glycol, Isol, Pinakon, alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, HGL, 1, 1, 3-Trimethyl-Triethylenediol, Diacetone Glycol, Methylamilene Glycol, 2, 4-Dihydroxy-2-Methyl-Penthane, 2-Methyl-Penthane-2, 4-Diol, 2-Hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, Hexylene Glycol, HG, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2-Methyl-2,4-, pentanediol, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, Pentane-2,4-, diol, 2-methyl,



Hexylene Glycol also has a low viscosity that makes it easier to incorporate.
The chemical formula of Hexylene Glycol is C6H14O2.
Hexylene Glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.


Hexylene Glycol is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.
Hexylene Glycol is 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
Hexylene Glycol is used as coupling agent.


Hexylene Glycol offers low flammability and low evaporation rate.
Hexylene Glycol possesses low surface tension.
Hexylene Glycol exhibits very good solvency.


Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid that is used in many personal care and cosmetic formulations.
Hexylene Glycol′s a category of glycol often utilized as a solvent, humectant, and an agent to control viscosity.
Hexylene Glycol, alternative to PG or DEG or MEG in paint formulation in lowering total VOC content.


Hexylene Glycol is a small molecular weight surfactant, widely used as an industrial coating solvent, does not cause adverse health or environmental effects.
Hexylene Glycol is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry, where it functions as a solvent and a humectant in products like moisturisers, lotions, and hair care products.


Additionally, Hexylene Glycol has applications in perfumes, as a fragrance fixative, and in the production of various chemicals and coatings.
Hexylene Glycol is famous for its excellent solvency among a wide variety of materials and is popular in skin care formulas due to its ability to improve the texture.


Hexylene Glycol has viscosity-reducing properties that allow it to thin out heavy, thick formulations and produce smooth spreadability.
Studies indicate Hexylene Glycol also exhibits antimicrobial properties.
Hexylene Glycol floats and mixes slowly with water.


Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid.
The principal end uses of Hexylene Glycol include industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, cosmetics, excipient in pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings.
Hexylene Glycol is available in technical grade and NF grade.


Hexylene Glycol is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
Hexylene Glycol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.
Hexylene Glycol largely acts as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity agent.


Decades of research have established Hexylene Glycol as a safe and effective ingredient.
Hexylene Glycol dissolves other ingredients in a product and enhances its stability and texture.
Hexylene Glycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in compliance with regulations and guidelines.


Hexylene Glycol is a diol (with two hydroxy groups at 2 and 4 positions), a colorless liquid with a mildly sweet odor and oily consistency.
In nature, Hexylene Glycol is found in the tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum).
For industrial purposes Hexylene Glycol is formed from the achiral reagents, diacetone alcohol, and hydrogen, producing equal amounts of enantiomeric products.


Commercial Hexylene Glycol contains > 99% 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol and is described as a racemic mixture containing equal amounts of two enantiomers.
Hexylene Glycol is a small molecular weight surfactant.
Hexylene Glycol also goes by its chemical compound name: 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol.


As a raw material, Hexylene Glycol is a clear liquid.
Hexylene Glycol is safe for pregnant women and does not cause allergies.
Hexylene Glycol is a biodegradable, colorless liquid that is miscible with water and mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent


Hexylene Glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Hexylene Glycol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexylene Glycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.


Hexylene Glycol is a clear, practically colorless, liquid.
Hexylene Glycol is characterized as a clear, colorless, and odorless liquid that finds extensive use in numerous industries, such as cosmetics and personal care products.


Hexylene Glycol helps to maintain moisture and improve the texture of these products.
Hexylene Glycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics when used in accordance with regulations and guidelines.
Hexylene Glycol is a chemical compound used in various industries, including cosmetics and personal care products.


Hexylene Glycol serves as a solvent and a humectant in these products, helping to retain moisture and improve their texture.
2-methylpentane-2,4-diol is a glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).
Hexylene Glycol, also known as 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, is an organic compound that can be classified as a glycol.


Glycols are a class of alcohols that contain two hydroxyl groups, which can also be called a diols.
Hexylene Glycol is a clear, hygroscopic liquid with a mild, sweet odor.
Hexylene Glycol is most often synthetically produced.


Hexylene Glycol is manufactured by the condensation of 2 molecules of acetone to produce diacetone alcohol, which is further hydrogenated to produce Hexylene Glycol.
This is then purified.


Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H14O2.
Hexylene Glycol belongs to a class of chemicals known as glycols, which are often used as solvents, humectants, and chemical intermediates in various industrial applications.


Hexylene Glycol, from Solvay, is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
This speciality ingredient, Hexylene Glycol, demonstrates a low evaporation rate and is completely miscible with water.
Hexylene Glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.


Hexylene Glycol has the chemical formula C6H14O2 and is fully miscible in water.
Hexylene Glycol is an ingredient used in skincare and cosmetic products to help improve the texture and sensory feel of the formulation.
Hexylene Glycol functions as a surfactant, emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.


Hexylene Glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Hexylene Glycol floats and mixes slowly with water.
Hexylene Glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.


Hexylene Glycol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexylene Glycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially
Hexylene Glycol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.


Similar to other glycols, Hexylene Glycol's a helper ingredient used as a solvent, or to thin out thick formulas and make them more nicely spreadable.
Hexylene Glycol is a synthetic substance added to many cosmetics.
Hexylene Glycol is an aroma compound and has a preservative effect.


At the same time, Hexylene Glycol is also a cleaning agent and detergent.
The most important, however, is the emulsifying property of this glycol.
It is thanks to this that Hexylene Glycol has an influence on the consistency of the product.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexylene Glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexylene Glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexylene Glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.


Hexylene Glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
In addition to skin care, Hexylene Glycol is used in other beauty products including hair care and makeup.
Hexylene Glycol has been backed as a safe ingredient for decades with reported concentrations up to 25% in personal care products (though most skin care formulas use much lower amounts than that, especially in preservative blends).


That’s why Hexylene Glycol is commonly used in many cosmetics, e.g. shampoos, shower gels, and soaps.
Thanks to Hexylene Glycol, products are better adapted to the needs of consumers and meet their expectations.
Therefore, the addition of Hexylene Glycol can turn an ordinary cosmetic into something that will be used with real pleasure.


Hexylene Glycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.
Hexylene Glycol is used widely across skincare, hair care, and makeup to enhance spreadability, thin out overly thick formulas, and ensure actives are fully dissolved and dispersed.


Hexylene Glycol also has some antimicrobial effect and can enhance the efficacy of certain preservatives.
Hexylene Glycol is used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% – 25%.


Hexylene Glycol as a surfactant helps to cleanse and moisturize the skin as well as thinning out the formulation to improve absorption, texture and allow other ingredients to work better.
Hexylene Glycol is also used as a chemical intermediate in chemical syntheses, downhole lubricant for natural gas and oil fields, hydraulic fluid, antifreeze, fuel additive, the solvent in dyes and inks, leather and textile processing, industrial and household cleaners, and in cosmetics.


Hexylene Glycol is also used as a chemical intermediate, which accounts for approximately 20% of its consumption, and another 10% is used on oil and natural-gas fields where it is both a down hole lubricant, and a grinding and extraction aid.
Hexylene Glycol is also employed as an antifreeze, and as a coupling agent for hydraulic fluids.


Hexylene Glycol is a moisturising, and setting, agent in the manufacture of textiles and can also be found in the cosmetics industry where it is a component of fragrances and bath, hair, and soap preparations.
Hexylene Glycol also has a role as a wetting agent in pesticide formulations and is a solvent in the preparation of dyes.


Hexylene Glycol is used for pesticide stabilizer, diesel antifreezer, solvent, spicery, disinfectant,fabric penetration agent and coupler , paper and leather processing auxiliary agent, emulsifier, the additive of fuel and lubricant, etc.
Hexylene Glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.


Hexylene Glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexylene Glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexylene Glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.


Hexylene Glycol is a highly soluble advanced organic solvent, which can be used in the production of metal surface treatment agents, rust and oil removal additives, textile auxiliaries, coatings and latex paints, cosmetics, pesticides, biochemical engineering, photosensitive materials, synthetic perfumes and other fields.


Hexylene Glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexylene Glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexylene Glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.


Moreover, Hexylene Glycol acts as a reagent in the synthesis of diverse chemicals.
With regard to scientific research applications, Hexylene Glycol serves as a solvent to extract an array of compounds from plant and animal tissues.
Hexylene Glycol′s also employed as a reagent in the creation of various chemicals, including agrochemicals and fragrances.


The largest end use for Hexylene Glycol is in industrial coatings, as a solvent plasticizer in varnishes, lacquers, paints, and paint strippers, accounting for about 45% of the total production.
Hexylene Glycol is often used in preservative blends that contain phenoxyethanol because it boosts the efficacy of this preservative, allowing lower amounts to be used, which reduces the risk skin will have a sensitised response.


Hexylene Glycol is a cosmetic material for FDA regulated product use.
In cosmetics and personal care products, these ingredients are used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products.


In the realm of cosmetics and personal care products, Hexylene Glycol functions as a preservative.
Hexylene Glycol′s a humectant that aids in skin moisture retention and enhances skin texture and appearance.
Hexylene Glycol operates by forming a barrier on the skin to impede moisture loss.


Additionally, Hexylene Glycol helps to decrease the skin′s surface tension, thereby facilitating the penetration of other ingredients into the skin.
Hexylene Glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexylene Glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.



WHAT IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL USED FOR?
Hexylene Glycol serves many functional benefits in skin care, hair care, and cosmetic products.

*Skin care:
Hexylene Glycol is primarily used in skin care to improve the sensory feel and texture of the products.
Hexylene Glycol also attracts and retains moisture on the surface of the skin, keeping it hydrated and nourished.
Hexylene Glycol is often found in products like toners and cleansers


*Hair care:
Hexylene Glycol is used as a viscosity agent and solvent to improve the texture and stability of formulations.
Hexylene Glycol also acts as an emollient in shampoos and conditioners to provide hydration to the shafts


*Cosmetic products:
Hexylene Glycol works to dissolve other ingredients present in a formulation and enhance the texture of the final product.
Since it has low viscosity, Hexylene Glycol is a useful ingredient in products like foundations, primers, and concealers



ORIGIN OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexylene Glycol is typically synthesized by the reaction of ethylene oxide with n-butanol or by the hydration of 1,5-hexadiene.
Hexylene Glycol is later purified by distillation or other methods to obtain the final Hexylene Glycol.



WHAT DOES HEXYLENE GLYCOL DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Humectant
*Solvent
*Viscosity controlling



IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL VEGAN?
Hexylene Glycol is considered to be a vegan ingredient as it is made synethically made from oils and natural gas.
If you are looking for a vegan product, always make sure that the other ingredients in Hexylene Glycol are vegan and that the brand is cruelty-free.



SCIENTIFIC FACTS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Butylene Glycol, or 1,3-Butanediol, dissolves most essential oils and synthetic flavoring substances.
Butylene Glycol, Hexylene Glycol, Ethoxydiglycol and Dipropylene Glycol are glycols or glycol ethers.
Glycols are a class of alcohols that contain two hydroxyl groups which are also called a diols.



PROPERTIES OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
*Purity (% by weight) : ≥ 99,5
*Appearance at 20°C : clear liquid free from suspended materials
*Density at 20°C (g/cm3) : 0,920 - 0,923
*Boiling point at 1013 Pa : 197,5°C
*Flash point (closed cup) : 97°C
*Water solubility at 20°c : complete
*Hansen Solubility Parameters at 25°C: δt = 25,2; δd = 15,8; δp = 8,4; δh = 17



SAFETY PROFILE OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic products.
Hexylene Glycol does not cause skin irritation and sensitization and is not known to be comedogenic.
However, as with any ingredient, some individuals may have an allergic reaction or sensitivity to it, so Hexylene Glycol is always recommended to patch test products before use.
Lastly, Hexylene Glycol is vegan and can be considered halal, but it is best to check with the supplier.



ALTERNATIVES OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
*PROPYLENE GLYCOL,
*BUTYLENE GLYCOL,
*GLYCERIN



HOW IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL PRODUCED?
Hexylene Glycol is formed from the achiral reagents hydrogen and diacetone alcohol.



HOW IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL STORED AND DISTRIBUTED?
Hexylene Glycol is stored in bulk storage or stainless steel drums and is transported by tank truck.
Hexylene Glycol is classed as non-hazardous for air, sea, and road freight but is classed as an irritant.
Hexylene Glycol has a specific gravity of 0.925 and a flash point of 93 °C (closed cup).



WHAT IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL USED FOR?
The single largest user of Hexylene Glycol is the industrial coatings industry which uses approximately 45% of the HGL produced world-wide.
Hexylene Glycol is a component in lacquers and varnishes, and is a solvent plasticiser in surface coatings.
Hexylene Glycol is also a component in both oil and water- based paints, and in paint strippers.



HEXYLENE GLYCOL AT A GLANCE:
*Solvent that produces smooth spreadability and pleasing skin care textures
*Viscosity-reducing properties allow Hexylene Glycol to thin out heavy, thick formulations
*Shows up in a wide variety of skin care, hair care, and makeup products
*As a raw material, Hexylene Glycol is clear liquid
*Backed by decades of research as a safe ingredient



BENEFITS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexylene Glycol offers several benefits in various applications, particularly in cosmetics and personal care products:

*Humectant:
Hexylene Glycol helps to retain moisture, which is essential for skin and hair health.
Hexylene Glycol can keep these products from drying out, ensuring that they remain effective and pleasant to use.

*Solvent:
Hexylene Glycol functions as a solvent, helping to dissolve and blend other ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products.
This facilitates the formulation of moisturisers, lotions, and other beauty products.

*Texture Improvement:
Hexylene Glycol can enhance the texture of skincare and hair care products, making them smoother and easier to apply.
This contributes to a more luxurious and user-friendly experience.

*Fragrance Fixative:
In the perfume industry, Hexylene Glycol is used as a fixative, helping to stabilize and prolong the scent of fragrances.
This ensures that the fragrance remains consistent and long-lasting.

*Skin-Friendly:
Hexylene Glycol is considered safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products, as it has low skin irritation potential.
Hexylene Glycol is typically well-tolerated by most individuals.

*Versatility:
Its versatility makes Hexylene Glycol suitable for a wide range of products, including moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, and perfumes.



IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL SAFE?
The safety of Hexylene Glycol has been assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel.
The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel is responsible for the independent evaluation of the safety and efficacy of skincare and cosmetic ingredients.
The Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that Hexylene Glycol is safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products.



FEATURES OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
*Solvent,
*intermediate



THE GOOD:
Hexylene Glycol helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and cosmetic formulations.
Hexylene Glycol also has an added benefit of acting as a protective barrier for the skin.


THE NOT SO GOOD:
Hexylene Glycol can be a mild irritant in high concentrations.


WHO IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL FOR?
All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to Hexylene Glycol.


SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:
Hexylene Glycol works well with most ingredients.


KEEP AN EYE ON:
Nothing to keep an eye on here.



WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL?
Hexylene Glycol is added to cosmetics and skincare products based on its functions as a surfactant, an emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.

*SURFACTANT
Surfactant is the short term for surface active agents.
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two substances.
In skincare products, surfactants work to lift dirt, oil and fats from the skin, allowing them to be washed away.

This is possible because while one end of the surfactant molecule is attracted to water, the other end is attracted to oil.
Thus, surfactants attract the oil, dirt, and other impurities that have accumulated on your skin during the day and wash them away.
Due to these properties, Hexylene Glycol can be found in many different cleansers and body washes.


*EMULSIFIER
Hexylene Glycol also functions as an emulsifier.
An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil components, for example, when oils are added to a water-based formula.
When shaking stops, however, the two phases can start to separate.

To address this problem, an emulsifier like Hexylene Glycol can be added to the system, which helps the droplets remain dispersed and produces an even and stable formulation.

As an emulsifier, Hexylene Glycol consists of a water-loving hydrophilic head and an oil-loving hydrophobic tail.
The hydrophilic head is attracted to the water and the hydrophobic tail to the oil.
Once again, Hexylene Glycol reduces the surface tension by positioning itself between the oil and water, which has a stabilizing effect on the product.


*THINNING
Finally, Hexylene Glycol functions as a viscosity-reducing agent.
The term viscosity corresponds to the concept of “thickness”, for example, honey has a higher viscosity than water.
As a viscosity-reducing agent, Hexylene Glycol works to thin out heavy formulations and create a thinner, more spreadable product.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Molecular Weight: 118.174
Exact Mass: 118.17
EC Number: 203-489-0
ICSC Number: 0660
NSC Number: 8098
UN Number: 1993
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5021885
Color/Form: Liquid|Colorless liquid
HScode: 2905399090
PSA: 40.46000
Boiling Point: 197.5°C
Melting Point: -50°C
pH: 7.0

Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Viscosity: Low
XLogP3: 0.00
Appearance: Hexylene glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Floats and mixes slowly with water.
Density: 0.92 g/cm3
Melting Point:-50 °C
Boiling Point:198 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point:93.9±0.0 °C
Refractive Index:1.447
Water Solubility:Miscible
Storage Conditions:Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.
Vapor Pressure:0.05 mmHg

Vapor Density:
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 4.1
Flammability characteristics: Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.
Explosive limit: Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1.2-8.1
Odor:Mild sweetish
Henrys Law Constant:
Henry's Law constant = 4.06X10-7 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Experimental Properties:
Dipole moment: 2.8
Heat of formation = -5.3476X10+8 J/kmol
Triple point temperature = 223.15 °C; triple point pressure: 9.5609X10-6 Pa
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.77X10-11 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C

Air and Water Reactions: Hygroscopic.
Water soluble
Reactive Group:Alcohols and Polyols
Reactivity Profile: HEXYLENE GLYCOL is incompatible with the following:
Strong oxidizers, strong acids.
Autoignition Temperature: 583 °F
Autoignition temp = 579 K|306 °C
Heat of Combustion: Standard net heat of combustion = -3.4356x10+9 J/kmol
Flammable Limits: Flammability limits = 1.3-9 vol%
Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.
Heat of Vaporization: 13.7 kcal/mol at the boiling point
Critical Temperature & Pressure:
Critical temp = 621 K
Critical pressure = 4.01X10+6 Pa

Molecular Weight: 118.17
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 118.099379685
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 68.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical name (CAS): 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
CAS number: 107-41-5
Structural formula: CH3–CH(OH)–CH2–C(OH)(CH3)2
Molecular formula: C6H14O2
Molecular weight: 118.18
Melting point: –40°C
Boiling point: 195–200°C
Density at 20°C: 0.920–0.923 g/cm3
Vapour pressure at: 20°C 0.06 hPa
log Pow*: –0.14
CAS number: 107-41-5
EC index number: 603-053-00-3
EC number: 203-489-0
Grade: NF

Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄O₂
Molar Mass: 118.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2926 90 70
Density: 0.922 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1 - 9.9 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: -40 °C
pH value: 6.0 - 8.0 (118.2 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.03 hPa (20 °C)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: sweet, mild
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -40 °C - lit.

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 197 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 7,4 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,3 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 8,0 at 118,2 g/l at 25 °C
Solubility:
Easily soluble in cold water.
Soluble in diethyl ether.
Soluble in alcohol, lower aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Soluble in a variety of organic solvents.
Miscible with fatty acids
Specific Gravity 20/20 °C:0.9232

Distillation Range at 760 mm Hg (IP) °C:196.4
Distillation Range at 760 mm Hg (DP) °C:198.2
Purity, % w/w:99.62
Acidity as acetic Acid, % w/w: 0.0010
Water, % w/w: 0.018
Melting point: −40 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 197 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.925 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.02 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.427(lit.)
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 36 mPa.s at 20 °C

Water solubility ca.: 118,2 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 0,58 - (Lit.), Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,03 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,925 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information
Relative vapor density: 4,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Molar Weight: 118.176g/mol
Melting Point: -40 °C
Boiling Point: 196 °C

Flash Point: 93 °C
Density: 0.925
Forms: Liquid (clear)
Chemical formula: C6H14O2
Molar mass: 118.176 g•mol−1
Appearance: colourless liquid
Odor: mild, sweetish
Density: 0.92 g/mL
Melting point: −40 °C (−40 °F; 233 K)
Boiling point: 197 °C (387 °F; 470 K)
Solubility in water: miscible[1]
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg (20°C)
Flash point: 98.3 °C (208.9 °F; 371.4 K)
Explosive limits: 1.3%-7.4%
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Physical state and Appearance:Liquid.

Odor:Sweetish
Molecular Weight:118.18 g/mole
Color:Colorless
Boiling Point:197 (386.6) - 198° C
Melting Point:-50 - (-58)
Specific Gravity:0.9254 @ 17 C; 0.9234 @ 20 C (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mm of Hg (@ 20)
Vapor Density: 4.1 (Air = 1)
Odor Threshold: 50 ppm
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether
Flash point: 201 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: 14.72±0.20(Predicted)
CAS DataBase Reference: 5683-44-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 197.00 to 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.004 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3.256e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Molecular Weight: 118.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2

Appearance: Colorless, Liquid
Freezing Point: -50°C (-58.0°F)
Boiling Point: @ 760mm Hg 196°C (385°F)
Flash Point: Closed Cup 96°C (205°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 425°C (797°F)
Density @ 20°C: 0.924 kg/L, 7.71 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 20°C 0.05 mmHg
Evaporation Rate: (nBuAc = 1) 0.007
Solubility in Water: @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension @ 20°C: 33.1 dynes/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C: 1.426
Viscosity @ 20°C: 38.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.0 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 9.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C: 3x106 pS/m

Dielectric Constant @ 20°C: ≈7.7
Specific Heat @ 20°C: 2.20 kJ/kg/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point: 435 kJ/kg
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C: 29875 kJ/kg
Odor Threshold: 50 ppm
Molecular Weight 118.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula C6H14O2
Appearance Colorless
Liquid
Freezing Point -50°C (-58.0°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mm Hg 196°C (385°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup 96°C (205°F)
Autoignition Temperature 425°C (797°F)

Density @ 20°C 0.924 kg/L
7.71 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C 0.05 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1) 0.007
Solubility in Water @ 20°C Miscible
Surface Tension @ 20°C 33.1 dynes/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C 1.426
Viscosity @ 20°C 38.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit 1.0 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit 9.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C 3x106 pS/m
Dielectric Constant @ 20°C ≈7.7
Specific Heat @ 20°C 2.20 kJ/kg/°C

Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point 435 kJ/kg
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C 29875 kJ/kg
Odor Threshold 50 ppm
CAS NO:107-41-5
EINECS NO:203-489-0
Molecular Formula:C6H14O2
Molecular Weight:118.1742
InChI:InChI=1/C6H14O2/c1-5(7)4-6(2,3)8/h5,7-8H,4H2,1-3H3
Density:0.96g/cm3
Melting Point:-40ºC
Boiling Point:197.5°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:93.9°C
Water Solubility:soluble
Vapour Pressure:0.0961mmHg at 25°C

Refractive Rate:n20/D1.427(lit.)
Storage Condition:2-8°C
Appearance:Clear colorless Slightly Viscous Liquid
Odor:Ammonia-like
PH Value:6-8(25ºC,1MinH2O)
Explosive Limit:1-9.9%(V)
Sensitivity:Hygroscopic
Stability: Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids,strong reducing agents.
Physical description: Colorless liquid with a mild, sweetish odor.
Boiling point: 388°F
Molecular weight: 118.2
Freezing point/melting point: -58°F (sets to glass)
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg
Flash point: 209°F
Specific gravity: 0.923

Lower explosive limit (LEL): 1.3% (calc)
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 8.1% (calc)
NFPA health rating: 2
NFPA fire rating: 1
NFPA reactivity rating: 0
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 197.00 to 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.004 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3.256e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store under inert gas.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


HEXYLENE GLYCOL
Hexylene glycol is a small molecular weight surfactant.
Hexylene Glycol is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.


CAS Number: 107-41-5
EC Number: 203-489-0
MDL number: MFCD00004547
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2 / (CH3)2COHCH2CHOHCH3


Hexylene glycol is a biodegradable, widely-used solution for many markets, including skin and hair care, with Inert Registration (EPA).
Hexylene glycol is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
Hexylene glycol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.


Hexylene glycol is a key solvent in many markets such as coatings, construction, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.
Hexylene glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexylene glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.


Hexylene glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Hexylene glycol floats and mixes slowly with water.
Hexylene glycol is a glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).


Hexylene glycol is a natural product found in Nicotiana tabacum with data available.
Hexylene Glycol is a clear, colorless liquid that is used in many personal care and cosmetic formulations.
Hexylene glycol largely acts as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity agent.


Decades of research have established Hexylene Glycol as a safe and effective ingredient.
Hexylene glycol dissolves other ingredients in a product and enhances its stability and texture.
Hexylene glycol also has a low viscosity that makes it easier to incorporate.


The chemical formula of Hexylene Glycol is C6H14O2.
Hexylene Glycol is typically synthesized by the reaction of ethylene oxide with n-butanol or by the hydration of 1,5-hexadiene.
Hexylene glycol is later purified by distillation or other methods to obtain the final Hexylene Glycol.


Similar to other glycols, Hexylene glycol is a helper ingredient used as a solvent, or to thin out thick formulas and make them more nicely spreadable.
Hexylene Glycol is a liquid with a mild, sweet odor.
Hexylene Glycol or HG is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.


Hexylene glycol has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.
Hexylene glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexylene glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.


Hexylene Glycol is a clear, practically colorless, liquid.
Hexylene glycol also goes by its chemical compound name: 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol.
As a raw material, Hexylene glycol is a clear liquid.


Hexylene Glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Hexylene glycol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexylene glycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.


Hexylene glycol (also known as HGL, 2-methyl pentane-2,4-diol, pinakon and Diolane) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
Hexylene glycol is fully miscible in water and has the chemical formula C6H14O2.
Hexylene glycol is a compound that appears in a large number of products that are used commercially and industrially.


Hexylene glycol, an analog of hexylene glycol, is a small molecular surfactant which could be useful as an environmentally friendly industrial coating solvent.
Hexylene glycol, an analog of hexylene glycol, is a small molecular surfactant which could be useful as an


Hexylene glycol is an organic compound with two -OH groups, that is why it is called as glycol.
Hexylene glycol comes as clear liquid with mild/ sweet odor.
Hexylene glycol is an ingredient used in skincare and cosmetic products to help improve the texture and sensory feel of the formulation.


Hexylene glycol functions as a surfactant, emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.
Hexylene glycol, also known as 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, is an organic compound that can be classified as a glycol.
Glycols are a class of alcohols that contain two hydroxyl groups, which can also be called a diols.


Hexylene glycol is a clear, hygroscopic liquid with a mild, sweet odor.
Hexylene glycol is most often synthetically produced.
It is manufactured by the condensation of 2 molecules of acetone to produce diacetone alcohol, which is further hydrogenated to produce hexylene glycol.
This is then purified.


Hexylene glycol (HG, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone that has been used widely in industrial chemicals and cosmetics.
Hexylene glycol exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Hexylene Glycol is a cosmetic material for FDA regulated product use


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
Hexylene glycol is available in Industrial grade and NF grade.
Hexylene Glycol is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.


This speciality ingredient, Hexylene Glycol, demonstrates a low evaporation rate and is completely miscible with water.
Hexylene Glycol or HG is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
The single largest user of hexylene glycol is the industrial coatings industry which uses approximately 45% of the HGL produced world-wide.
Hexylene glycol is a component in lacquers and varnishes, and is a solvent plasticiser in surface coatings.
Hexylene glycol is also a component in both oil and water- based paints, and in paint strippers.


Hexylene glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexylene glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexylene glycol is used in chemical manufacturing, as a solvent, and in hydraulic fluids.


Hexylene Glycol serves many functional benefits in skin care, hair care, and cosmetic products.
Hexylene glycol is used in Building-light blue, and Concrete and Cement.
Hexylene glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.


Hexylene glycol is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.
Hexylene glycol is also used as a chemical intermediate, which accounts for approximately 20% of its consumption, and another 10% is used on oil and natural-gas fields where it is both a down hole lubricant, and a grinding and extraction aid.


Hexylene glycol is also employed as an antifreeze, and as a coupling agent for hydraulic fluids.
Hexylene glycol is a moisturising, and setting, agent in the manufacture of textiles and can also be found in the cosmetics industry where it is a component of fragrances and bath, hair, and soap preparations.


Hexylene glycol also has a role as a wetting agent in pesticide formulations and is a solvent in the preparation of dyes.
Hexylene glycol is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexylene glycol is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.


Hexylene glycol is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexylene glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexylene glycol is famous for its excellent solvency among a wide variety of materials and is popular in skin care formulas due to its ability to improve the texture.


Hexylene glycol has viscosity-reducing properties that allow it to thin out heavy, thick formulations and produce smooth spreadability.
Studies indicate Hexylene glycol also exhibits antimicrobial properties.
In addition to skin care, hexylene glycol is used in other beauty products including hair care and makeup.


Hexylene glycol is often used in preservative blends that contain phenoxyethanol because it boosts the efficacy of this preservative, allowing lower amounts to be used, which reduces the risk skin will have a sensitised response.
Hexylene glycol has been backed as a safe ingredient for decades with reported concentrations up to 25% in personal care products (though most skin care formulas use much lower amounts than that, especially in preservative blends).


Hexylene glycol (2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol) is a solvent used in many different applications: paints and varnishes, glues and adhesives, inks, and industrial solvents (synthesis, extraction, etc.).
In cosmetics and personal care products, Hexylene glycol is used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products.


Hexylene glycol is used as solvent and viscosity decreasing agent in cosmetics and personal care products.
Hexylene glycol is used in the formulation of hair and bath products, eye and facial makeup, fragrances, personal cleanliness products, and shaving and skin care products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% – 25%.


Hexylene glycol as a surfactant helps to cleanse and moisturize the skin as well as thinning out the formulation to improve absorption, texture and allow other ingredients to work better.
Hexylene glycol is used Solvent, Chemical Intermediate, Cosmetics, Paints, Coatings.


Hexylene glycol is a small molecular weight surfactant, widely used as an industrial coating solvent, does not cause adverse health or environmental effects.
Hexylene glycol is used as a softening agent, humectant, and solvent in cosmetics and hair care products.


-Skin care uses of Hexylene glycol:
Hexylene glycol is primarily used in skin care to improve the sensory feel and texture of the products.
Hexylene glycol also attracts and retains moisture on the surface of the skin, keeping it hydrated and nourished.
Hexylene glycol is often found in products like toners and cleansers


-Hair care uses of Hexylene glycol:
Hexylene glycol is used as a viscosity agent and solvent to improve the texture and stability of formulations.
Hexylene glycol also acts as an emollient in shampoos and conditioners to provide hydration to the shafts


-Cosmetic products uses of Hexylene glycol:
Hexylene glycol works to dissolve other ingredients present in a formulation and enhance the texture of the final product.
Since Hexylene glycol has low viscosity, it is a useful ingredient in products like foundations, primers, and concealers


-Cosmetic Uses of Hexylene glycol:
*perfuming agents
*skin conditioning
*solvents
*surfactants
*surfactant - emulsifying



USES AND BENEFITS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexylene glycol is a surfactant, emulsifier and viscosity adjusting agent.
The molecule of hexylene glycol has a water-loving head part and oil-loving tail part.
This property makes it an ideal choice as a surfactant and emulsifier.
The emulsifier is meant to hold water and oil together to make the products more stable.
Hexylene glycol is used to decrease the viscosity of the product.
So, in high viscosity product, hexylene glycol is used to “thin” the formulation.



HOW IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL PRODUCED?
Hexylene glycol is formed from the achiral reagents hydrogen and diacetone alcohol.



HOW IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL STORED AND DISTRIBUTED?
Hexylene Glycol is stored in bulk storage or stainless steel drums and is transported by tank truck.
Hexylene glycol is classed as non-hazardous for air, sea, and road freight but is classed as an irritant.
Hexylene glycol has a specific gravity of 0.925 and a flash point of 93 °C (closed cup).



WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL?
Hexylene glycol is added to cosmetics and skincare products based on its functions as a surfactant, an emulsifier, and a viscosity-reducing agent.

*Surfactant
Surfactant is the short term for surface active agents.
Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two substances.
In skincare products, surfactants work to lift dirt, oil and fats from the skin, allowing them to be washed away.

This is possible because while one end of the surfactant molecule is attracted to water, the other end is attracted to oil.
Thus, surfactants attract the oil, dirt, and other impurities that have accumulated on your skin during the day and wash them away.
Due to these properties, hexylene glycol can be found in many different cleansers and body washes.


*Emulsifier
Hexylene glycol also functions as an emulsifier.
An emulsifier is needed for products that contain both water and oil components, for example, when oils are added to a water-based formula.
When water and oil are mixed together and vigorously shaken, a dispersion of oil droplets in water is formed.

When shaking stops, however, the two phases can start to separate.
To address this problem, an emulsifier like hexylene glycol can be added to the system, which helps the droplets remain dispersed and produces an even and stable formulation.

As an emulsifier, hexylene glycol consists of a water-loving hydrophilic head and an oil-loving hydrophobic tail.
The hydrophilic head is attracted to the water and the hydrophobic tail to the oil.
Once again, hexylene glycol reduces the surface tension by positioning itself between the oil and water, which has a stabilizing effect on the product.


*Thinning
Finally, hexylene glycol functions as a viscosity-reducing agent.
The term viscosity corresponds to the concept of “thickness”, for example, honey has a higher viscosity than water.
As a viscosity-reducing agent, hexylene glycol works to thin out heavy formulations and create a thinner, more spreadable product.



WHAT DOES HEXYLENE GLYCOL DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Humectant
*Solvent
*Viscosity controlling



SAFETY PROFILE OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexylene Glycol is generally considered safe for use in cosmetic products.
Hexylene glycol does not cause skin irritation and sensitization and is not known to be comedogenic.
Lastly, Hexylene Glycol is vegan and can be considered halal, but it is best to check with the supplier.



HEXYLENE GLYCOL ALTERNATIVES:
*PROPYLENE GLYCOL, BUTYLENE GLYCOL, GLYCERIN



IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL VEGAN?
Hexylene glycol is considered to be a vegan ingredient as it is made synethically made from oils and natural gas.



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN HEXYLENE GLYCOL?
*Moisture creams
*Aftershave products
*Hair colors
*Hair conditioners
*Shampoos



HEXYLENE GLYCOL AT A GLANCE:
*Solvent that produces smooth spreadability and pleasing skin care textures
*Viscosity-reducing properties allow Hexylene glycol to thin out heavy, thick formulations
*Hexylene glycol shows up in a wide variety of skin care, hair care, and makeup products
*As a raw material, Hexylene glycol is clear liquid
*Backed by decades of research as a safe ingredient



FUNCTIONS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
*Emulsifying :
Hexylene glycol promotes the formation of intimate mixtures between immiscible liquids by modifying the interfacial tension (water and oil)
*Skin conditioning :
Hexylene glycol maintains skin in good condition
*Solvent :
Hexylene glycol dissolves other substances
*Surfactant :
Hexylene glycol reduces the surface tension of cosmetics and contributes to the even distribution of the product when it is used
*Perfuming :
Hexylene glycol is used for perfume and aromatic raw materials




HEXYLENE GLYCOL, THE GOOD:
Hexylene glycol helps to improve the texture and feel of skincare and cosmetic formulations.
Hexylene glycol also has an added benefit of acting as a protective barrier for the skin.


WHO IS HEXYLENE GLYCOL FOR?
All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to Hexylene glycol.


SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Hexylene glycol works well with most ingredients.


KEEP AN EYE ON:
Nothing to keep an eye on here.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 118.099379685 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 68.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Boiling Point: 197.5°C
Melting Point: -50°C
pH: 7.0
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Viscosity: Low
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: sweet, mild
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -40 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 197 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available

Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 7,4 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,3 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 8,0 at 118,2 g/l at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 36 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: ca.118,2 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 0,58 - (Lit.), Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,03 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,925 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 197.00 to 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.004 (est)

Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3.256e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
CAS number: 107-41-5
EC index number: 603-053-00-3
EC number: 203-489-0
Grade: NF
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄O₂
Molar Mass: 118.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2926 90 70
Density: 0.922 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1 - 9.9 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: -40 °C
pH value: 6.0 - 8.0 (118.2 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.03 hPa (20 °C)
Boiling point: 388°F
Molecular weight: 118.2
Freezing point/melting point: -58°F (sets to glass)
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg
Flash point: 209°F
Specific gravity: 0.923
Ionization potential:
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 1.3% (calc)
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 8.1% (calc)
NFPA health rating: 2
NFPA fire rating: 1
NFPA reactivity rating: 0
Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Assay (GC): min. 99%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 0.920-0.925
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.427-1.428
Boiling Point: 197°C
Water (KF): max. 0.3%



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A (acc. to DIN 3181)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store under inert gas.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXYLENE GLYCOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Hexylene glycol
2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
107-41-5
2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol
Diolane
Pinakon
2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-
2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane
Isol
4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol
Caswell No. 574
2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol
2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol
hexyleneglycol
HSDB 1126
UNII-KEH0A3F75J
(+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
NSC 8098
NSC-8098
EINECS 203-489-0
KEH0A3F75J
alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068601
BRN 1098298
1,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanol
CCRIS 9439
DTXSID5021885
CHEBI:62995
AI3-00919
Hexylene glycol [NF]
1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol
TRACID RUBINE 5BL
DTXCID101885
EC 203-489-0
1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol
4-01-00-02565 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
MFCD00004547
Hexylene glycol (NF)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL (II)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [II]
7-MethylAtracuriumDimesylate(MixtureofDiastereomers)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL (MART.)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [MART.]
HEXYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS)
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS]
CAS-107-41-5
2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol
2-Methyl-pentane-2,4-diol
Hexilenglicol
Hexylne glycol
Hexylene glycol, 99%
R-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
2methyl-2,4-pentanediol
2-Metyl-2,4-pentandiol
D06GOK
2-methyl-2-4-pentanediol
Hexylene glycol, >=99%
Hexylene glycol, 99.5%
SCHEMBL19379
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [MI]
1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol
2,4-pentanodiol, 2-metil-
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB]
HEXYLENE GLYCOL [INCI]
CHEMBL2104293
2- methylpentane- 2, 4- diol
NSC8098
(?)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
HMS3264E19
HY-B0903
2 - methylpentane - 2,4 - diol
Hexylene glycol, analytical standard
Tox21_201975
Tox21_302818
(+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
s3588
AKOS015901459
CCG-213719
WLN: QY1 & 1XQ1 & 1
NCGC00249143-01
NCGC00256494-01
NCGC00259524-01
(+/-)-2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methyl pentane
AC-13749
AS-58339
Hexylene glycol, BioXtra, >=99% (GC)
(+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD
LS-101663
FT-0605050
FT-0605756
FT-0613069
Hexylene glycol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
M0384
(S)-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL
.alpha.,.alpha.'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol
alpha,alpha,alpha'-trimethyltrimethyleneglycol
Hexylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC)
D04439
EN300-170052
AB01563179_01
J-640306
J-660006
Q2792203
W-108748
Z1255485267
(±)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD
2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-
α,α,α'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol
Diolane
Isol; 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol
2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane
4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol
2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol
Pinakon
4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediole
(.+/-.)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
NSC 8098
Isophthalic acid
2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol
Hexylenglykol
2-Methyl-2,4-Pentandiol
1,2-Hexanediol
(2,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpentane
2,4-pentanediol, 2-methyl-
2-methylpentane-2,4-diol
4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
alpha,alpha,alpha’-trimethyltrimethylene glycol
diolane
hexylene glycol
isol
pinakon
2,4-dihydroxy-2-methylpentane
2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
4-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
2-methylpentane-2,4-diol
2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
Hexylene glycol
1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol
2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane
2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-
2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol
2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol
Diolane
Isol
Pinakon


HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG)
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a colourless liquid organic compound with a characteristic sweet odour.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is viscous and miscible with the most common organic solvents, fatty acids and water.


CAS Number: 107-41-5
EC Number: 203-489-0
MDL number: MFCD00004547
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2 or (CH3)2COHCH2CHOHCH3



2-furanmethanol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Hexylene glycol, 2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 107-41-5, 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol, Diolane, Pinakon, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, Isol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, Caswell No. 574, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol, hexyleneglycol, HSDB 1126, UNII-KEH0A3F75J, (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, NSC 8098, NSC-8098, EINECS 203-489-0, KEH0A3F75J, alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068601,
BRN 1098298, 1,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanol, CCRIS 9439, DTXSID5021885, CHEBI:62995, AI3-00919, Hexylene glycol [NF], 1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol,
TRACID RUBINE 5BL, DTXCID101885, EC 203-489-0, 1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 4-01-00-02565 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Hexylene glycol (NF), 7-MethylAtracuriumDimesylate(MixtureofDiastereomers), MPD, CAS-107-41-5, 2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-pentane-2,4-diol, 64229-01-2, MFCD00004547, Hexylene glycol, 99%, R-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 2methyl-2,4-pentanediol, Hexylene glycol, >=99%, Hexylene glycol, 99.5%, SCHEMBL19379, 1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, CHEMBL2104293, NSC8098, (?)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N, HMS3264E19, HY-B0903, Hexylene glycol, analytical standard, Tox21_201975, Tox21_302818, s3588, AKOS015901459, CCG-213719, WLN: QY1 & 1XQ1 & 1, NCGC00249143-01, NCGC00256494-01, NCGC00259524-01, AC-13749, AS-58339, Hexylene glycol, BioXtra, >=99% (GC), (+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD, FT-0605050, FT-0605756, FT-0613069, Hexylene glycol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC), M0384, (S)-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, .alpha.,.alpha.'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, Hexylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC), D04439, EN300-170052, AB01563179_01, J-640306, J-660006, Q2792203, W-108748, Z1255485267, Hexylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,
Diolane, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, MPD, MVD, FP17780, NSC 66498, Einecs 227-150-, 3-Methylpentanediol-2,4,
2-METHYLPENTANE-2,4-DIOL, 3-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 3-methyl-pentane-2,4-diol, 2,4-Pentanediol, 3-methyl-, HGL, Diolane, Isol, Pinakon, 1,1,3-Trimethyl-Triethylenediol, Diacetone Glycol, Methylamilene Glycol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2- Methyl-Penthane, 2-Methyl-Penthane-2,4-Diol., (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol, 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane, 2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-, 2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, Diolane, Hexylene glycol, Isol, Pinakon, alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol, HGL, 1, 1, 3-Trimethyl-Triethylenediol, Diacetone Glycol, Methylamilene Glycol, 2, 4-Dihydroxy-2-Methyl-Penthane, 2-Methyl-Penthane-2, 4-Diol, 2-Hexyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, Hexylene Glycol, HG,




Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) floats and mixes slowly with water.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a natural product found in Nicotiana tabacum with data available.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is available in Industrial grade and NF grade.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a colorless liquid produced industrially from diacetone alcohol by hydrogenation.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is miscible with water, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a colorless transparent liquid.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone that has been used widely in industrial chemicals and cosmetics.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties.
Hexylene Glycol (HG), as known as 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, is an organic compound, is a colorless liquid, and is a chiral diol.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is manufactured industrially from diacetone alcohol by hydrogenation.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a liquid with a mild, sweet odor.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a clear, colorless liquid.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a liquid free from colour, containing a typical smell for glycol.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a clear, colorless liquid commonly used as a solvent and viscosity-decreasing agent in a wide range of industries including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a colourless liquid organic compound with a characteristic sweet odour.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is viscous and miscible with the most common organic solvents, fatty acids and water.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is low-evaporating solvent with complete water solubility.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is miscible with the most common organic solvents, fat acids and water.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a versatile clear liquid that finds application in various industries.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is soluble in most organic solvents and is known for its favorable properties.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a colorless liquid with a mild, sweetish odor.
Global Hexylene Glycol (HG) Market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.7% during the forecast period and market is projected to reach US$ 1114.9 Mn. by 2027.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a clear, colorless liquid.


The market growth of Hexylene Glycol (HG) is driven by the factors such as increasing investment in the research & development, with the growth in the personal care & cosmetic industry, as Hexylene glycol is used as an emulsifier, surfactant, and viscosity reducing agents in the manufacturing of skincare and other cosmetic products there is a high demand for Hexylene glycol.


Other factors that are driving the market growth are increasing demand from the agricultural industry and automotive industry.
In the automotive industry, there is a high demand for Hexylene Glycol (HG) as it is used as a coupling agent in hydraulic fluids.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) can cause irritation to the throat, nose, wheezing, and coughing when it is exposed to air these factors may restrain the market growth.


Rising demand from the paint & coating industry has made a positive impact on the sales Hexylene Glycol (HG) market.
The use of Hexylene Glycol (HG) in hydraulic fluids has created many lucrative opportunities for the key players.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is low-evaporating solvent with complete water solubility.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used as a surfactant or emulsifying agent.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is widely used in the coating industry as a component for lacquers, varnishes, printing inks and both oil and water-based paints.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also as an inert ingredients in pesticide formulations, as a solvent in dyes preparations, as a coupling agent for hydraulic fluids in the automotive industry, as a wetting agent, as an anti-caking agent for cement and siliceous derived industries, as a setting agent in the manufacture of textiles, and as a component in cosmetics, industrial and household cleaners, antifreeze solutions, and intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) has many uses including hydraulic brake fluids, printing inks, a coupling agent for textiles, fuels and lubricants, emulsifying agent, cosmetics, and cleaners.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used Solvent, Chemical Intermediate, Cosmetics, Paints, Coatings.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mostly used as a solvent and viscosity diminishing force in cosmetic items.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used for cosmetic uses and paints.
The principal end uses of Hexylene Glycol (HG) include industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, cosmetics, paints and coatings.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used in chemical manufacturing, as a solvent, and in hydraulic fluids.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a highly versatile compound that is primarily utilized as an ingredient in personal care products such as hair care and skin care formulations, perfumes, and deodorants.


In addition, Hexylene Glycol (HG) is extensively used as a solvent in adhesives, paints, coatings, and inks.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) finds application in various industries.
In the paints and coatings sector, Hexylene Glycol (HG) serves as a solvent and viscosity reducer.


In the chemicals industry, Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals.
In the oil and gas industry, Hexylene Glycol (HG) acts as a solvent for various substances.
In leather and textile manufacturing, Hexylene Glycol (HG) helps in dyeing and finishing processes.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) also finds use in construction, drugs, cosmetics, and personal care products due to its solvency and preservative properties.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used as a surfactant or emulsifying agent.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is widely used in the coating industry as a component for lacquers, varnishes, printing inks and both oil and water-based paints.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also used as an inert ingredients in pesticide formulations, as a solvent in dyes preparations, as a coupling agent for hydraulic fluids in the automotive industry, as a wetting agent, as an anti-caking agent for cement and siliceous derived industries, as a setting agent in the manufacture of textiles, and as a component.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used in cosmetics, industrial and household cleaners, antifreeze solutions, and intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) can be used as a coalescing agent in water-borne formulations for decorative paints, as a coupling agent in water-based coatings for the industrial segment, hydraulic fluids, and industrial cleaning products.


Its humectant function makes Hexylene Glycol (HG) broadly applicable in perfume and cosmetics.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also used in formulations for firefighting foams, detergents, degreasers, and other products.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) İS Used as a solvent plasticizer in paints and lacquers; Also used in the chemical, petroleum refining, and cosmetic industries and as an additive to hydraulic fluids, inks, cement, leather, paper, and textiles.


Chemical Manufacturing: Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used as a key ingredient in chemical manufacturing processes.
Coatings and Paints: Hexylene Glycol (HG) serves as a solvent in the formulation of coatings and paints, contributing to their performance and durability.
Personal Care Products: Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used in cosmetics and personal care products due to its excellent solvent properties.


Industrial Cleaning: Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used in industrial cleaning products for its ability to dissolve various substances.
The principal end uses of Hexylene Glycol (HG) include industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, cosmetics, and excipient in pharmaceuticals, paints, and coatings.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is available in technical grade and NF grade.
In personnel care & cosmetic, an industrial solvent, and antifreeze solutions Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used as a surfactant or emulsifying agent and in coating applications.


Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used as oil and water-based paints, printing inks, lacquers, and varnishes.
Other uses of Hexylene Glycol (HG) are used as a solvent in hydraulic fluids in coupling agents, textile, and cement formulations process pesticides formulations.



FUNCTIONS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
*Emollient (Personal Care)
*Wetting
*Dispersion
*Solvency
*Detergent / Cleaning
*Emollient (Home Care)



HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG) MARKET ANALYSIS BY TYPES IS SEGMENTED INTO:
*Pharmaceutical Grade:
*Industrial Grade:
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a chemical compound used in various industries.

In the pharmaceutical grade market, Hexylene Glycol (HG) is utilized in the manufacturing of medications, acting as a carrier and solvent for active ingredients, ensuring their effectiveness.

On the other hand, the industrial grade market uses Hexylene Glycol (HG) for different purposes, such as in the production of paints, coatings, and cosmetics, where it functions as a solvent and helps improve product viscosity and stability.
In both markets, Hexylene Glycol (HG) plays a vital role in enhancing the overall quality and performance of various products.



HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG) MARKET INDUSTRY RESEARCH BY APPLICATION IS SEGMENTED INTO:
*Paints & Coatings
*Chemicals
*Oil & Gas
*Leather & Textile
*Construction
*Drug, Cosmetics, Personal Care



FUNCTIONS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.



THE FUTURE OUTLOOK FOR THE HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG) MARKET LOOKS PROMISING:
The market is expected to grow at a significant compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of % during the forecasted period.
This growth can be attributed to several factors such as the increasing demand for personal care products, particularly in emerging economies, the rising trend of urbanization, and the growing awareness regarding personal grooming and hygiene.

Furthermore, the expanding application scope of Hexylene Glycol (HG) in various industries such as paints and coatings, pharmaceuticals, and textiles is also contributing to the market growth.
Hexylene Glycol (HG)’s unique properties, including excellent solvency, low volatility, and ability to dissolve a wide range of materials, make it an attractive choice for various industrial applications.

Another factor driving the market growth is the continuous advancements in the manufacturing processes of Hexylene Glycol (HG), leading to improved product quality and cost-effectiveness.
Research and development activities within the industry are focusing on the development of eco-friendly and sustainable production methods, which will further boost the market growth.

In summary, the Hexylene Glycol (HG) market is projected to experience substantial growth in the coming years, driven by factors such as the increasing demand for personal care products, expanding application scope, and advancements in manufacturing processes.
The market of Hexylene Glycol (HG) is anticipated to witness a CAGR of % during the forecasted period.



WHAT ARE THE EMERGING TRENDS IN THE GLOBAL HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG) MARKET?
The global Hexylene Glycol (HG) market is witnessing several emerging trends.
Firstly, there is increasing demand for Hexylene Glycol (HG) in personal care and cosmetics industries as it acts as a solvent and viscosity agent in various products.

Secondly, the growing popularity of sustainable and bio-based products is encouraging the development of environmentally friendly alternatives to Hexylene Glycol (HG).

Additionally, the automotive industry is also creating demand for Hexylene Glycol (HG) due to its use as a coolant and antifreeze agent.
Lastly, there is a rising focus on emerging economies, like China and India, due to their growing industrial sectors and demand for HG in various applications.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
Molecular Weight: 118.17
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 118.099379685
Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 68.9
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1

Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical name (CAS): 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol
CAS number: 107-41-5
Structural formula: CH3–CH(OH)–CH2–C(OH)(CH3)2
Molecular formula: C6H14O2
Molecular weight: 118.18
Melting point: –40°C
Boiling point: 195–200°C
Density at 20°C: 0.920–0.923 g/cm3
Vapour pressure at: 20°C 0.06 hPa
log Pow*: –0.14

CAS number: 107-41-5
EC index number: 603-053-00-3
EC number: 203-489-0
Grade: NF
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₄O₂
Molar Mass: 118.18 g/mol
HS Code: 2926 90 70
Density: 0.922 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1 - 9.9 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: -40 °C
pH value: 6.0 - 8.0 (118.2 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)

Vapor pressure: 0.03 hPa (20 °C)
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: sweet, mild
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -40 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 197 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 7,4 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 1,3 %(V)
Flash point: 94 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 6,0 - 8,0 at 118,2 g/l at 25 °C

Solubility:
Easily soluble in cold water.
Soluble in diethyl ether.
Soluble in alcohol, lower aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Soluble in a variety of organic solvents.
Miscible with fatty acids
Specific Gravity 20/20 °C:0.9232
Distillation Range at 760 mm Hg (IP) °C:196.4
Distillation Range at 760 mm Hg (DP) °C:198.2
Purity, % w/w:99.62
Acidity as acetic Acid, % w/w: 0.0010
Water, % w/w: 0.018
Melting point: −40 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 197 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.925 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.02 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.427(lit.)

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 36 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility ca.: 118,2 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 0,58 - (Lit.), Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,03 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,925 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available

Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information
Relative vapor density: 4,08 - (Air = 1.0)
Molar Weight: 118.176g/mol
Melting Point: -40 °C
Boiling Point: 196 °C
Flash Point: 93 °C
Density: 0.925
Forms: Liquid (clear)

Chemical formula: C6H14O2
Molar mass: 118.176 g·mol−1
Appearance: colourless liquid
Odor: mild, sweetish
Density: 0.92 g/mL
Melting point: −40 °C (−40 °F; 233 K)
Boiling point: 197 °C (387 °F; 470 K)
Solubility in water: miscible[1]
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg (20°C)
Flash point: 98.3 °C (208.9 °F; 371.4 K)
Explosive limits: 1.3%-7.4%
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)

Physical state and Appearance:Liquid.
Odor:Sweetish
Molecular Weight:118.18 g/mole
Color:Colorless
Boiling Point:197 (386.6) - 198° C
Melting Point:-50 - (-58)
Specific Gravity:0.9254 @ 17 C; 0.9234 @ 20 C (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mm of Hg (@ 20)
Vapor Density: 4.1 (Air = 1)
Odor Threshold: 50 ppm
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether
Flash point: 201 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: 14.72±0.20(Predicted)
CAS DataBase Reference: 5683-44-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

Assay: 98.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.92400 @ 25.00 °C.
Melting Point: -40.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 197.00 to 199.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.096000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 200.00 °F. TCC ( > 93.33 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.004 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3.256e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 1.00E+06 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

Molecular Weight: 118.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula: C6H14O2
Appearance: Colorless, Liquid
Freezing Point: -50°C (-58.0°F)
Boiling Point: @ 760mm Hg 196°C (385°F)
Flash Point: Closed Cup 96°C (205°F)
Autoignition Temperature: 425°C (797°F)
Density @ 20°C: 0.924 kg/L, 7.71 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure: @ 20°C 0.05 mmHg
Evaporation Rate: (nBuAc = 1) 0.007
Solubility in Water: @ 20°C Miscible

Surface Tension @ 20°C: 33.1 dynes/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C: 1.426
Viscosity @ 20°C: 38.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit: 1.0 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit: 9.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C: 3x106 pS/m
Dielectric Constant @ 20°C: ≈7.7
Specific Heat @ 20°C: 2.20 kJ/kg/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point: 435 kJ/kg
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C: 29875 kJ/kg
Odor Threshold: 50 ppm



FIRST AID MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store under inert gas.
Hygroscopic.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG)
DESCRIPTION:
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is Available in Industrial grade and NF grade.
Hexylene Glycol or HG is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions

CAS: 107-41-5
European Community (EC) Number: 203-489-0
IUPAC Name: 2-methylpentane-2,4-diol
Molecular Formula: C6H14O2

SYNONYMS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG)

2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol,2-methylpentane-2,4-diol,hexylene glycol,hexylene glycol, titanium(4+) salt,Hexylene glycol,2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL,107-41-5,2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol,Diolane,Pinakon,2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-,2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane,4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol,1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol,Caswell No. 574,2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol,2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol,hexyleneglycol,HSDB 1126,TRACID RUBINE 5BL,UNII-KEH0A3F75J,(+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol,NSC 8098,NSC-8098,EINECS 203-489-0,KEH0A3F75J,alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068601,BRN 1098298,1,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanol,CCRIS 9439,DTXSID5021885,CHEBI:62995,AI3-00919,Hexylene glycol [NF],1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol,DTXCID101885,EC 203-489-0,1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol,4-01-00-02565 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),Hexylene glycol (NF),HEXYLENE GLYCOL (II),HEXYLENE GLYCOL [II],7-MethylAtracuriumDimesylate(MixtureofDiastereomers),MPD,HEXYLENE GLYCOL (MART.),HEXYLENE GLYCOL [MART.],HEXYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS),HEXYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS],64229-01-2,CAS-107-41-5,2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol,2-Methyl-pentane-2,4-diol,MFCD00004547,Hexylene glycol, 99%,R-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL,2methyl-2,4-pentanediol,Hexylene glycol, >=99%,Hexylene glycol, 99.5%,SCHEMBL19379,HEXYLENE GLYCOL [MI],1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol,HEXYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB],HEXYLENE GLYCOL [INCI],CHEMBL2104293,NSC8098,(?)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol,SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N,HMS3264E19,HY-B0903,Hexylene glycol, analytical standard,Tox21_201975,Tox21_302818,s3588,AKOS015901459,CCG-213719,WLN: QY1 & 1XQ1 & 1,NCGC00249143-01,NCGC00256494-01,NCGC00259524-01,AC-13749,AS-58339,Hexylene glycol, BioXtra, >=99% (GC),(+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD,FT-0605050,FT-0605756,FT-0613069,Hexylene glycol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC),M0384,NS00005763,(S)-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL,alpha.,.alpha.'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol,Hexylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC),D04439,EN300-170052,AB01563179_01,J-640306,J-660006,Q2792203,W-108748,Z1255485267,Hexylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Hexylene glycol is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) Floats and mixes slowly with water.

2-methylpentane-2,4-diol is a glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).
Hexylene glycol is a natural product found in Nicotiana tabacum with data available.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a clear, colorless liquid.
The principal end uses of HG include industrial solvent, chemical intermediate, cosmetics, excipient in pharmaceuticals, paints and coatings.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is Available in technical grade and NF grade


Hexylene Glycol is a colourless liquid organic compound with a characteristic sweet odour.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is viscous and miscible with the most common organic solvents, fatty acids and water.

Hexylene glycol (HG) is a colorless liquid produced industrially from diacetone alcohol by hydrogenation.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is miscible with water, hydrocarbons, and fatty acids.
Hexylene glycol has many uses including hydraulic brake fluids, printing inks, a coupling agent for textiles, fuels and lubricants, emulsifying agent, cosmetics, and cleaners.

Hexylene Glycol, as known as 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, is an organic compound, is a colorless liquid, and is a chiral diol.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is manufactured industrially from diacetone alcohol by hydrogenation.

Hexylene glycol (HG, 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone that has been used widely in industrial chemicals and cosmetics.
Hexylene glycol exhibits antibacterial and antifungal properties.

Hexylene Glycol (Novaguard HG) acts as a skin-conditioning agent, the emollient features of Hexiol bring a soft and pleasant feel to your formulations.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) also functions as a skin humectant with long lasting effect.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) has bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties which are useful in cosmetics as a preservative.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an exact alternative to Dermosoft Hexiol, Hydrolite 6, Lexgard H and Optiphen HD.

Hexylene Glycol (Novaguard HG) a high purity 1,2-Hexanediol that can be used in personal care formulations not only as a humectant, but also as a safe substitute of traditional preservatives.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) has a broad anti-microbial ability with limited endocrine disrupting effect.

Manufacturing of Novaguard HG involves processes of reducing the undesirable odor of 1,2-Hexanediol and bringing the purity up to min 99.0%.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) acts as a humectant, preservative and moisturizing giver.

In addition, Hexylene Glycol (HG) can be used either alone or in combination with other preservatives to combat microorganisms directly and thus reduce or eliminate body odor, acne or mycoses.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is applicable in skin care products, deodorants and moisturizing formulations


FUNCTIONS OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
Hexylene glycol is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexylene glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.


USES OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
Hexylene Glycol or HG is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexylene glycol can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexylene glycol is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.


Hexylene Glycol is low-evaporating solvent with complete water solubility.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used as a surfactant or emulsifying agent.
Hexylene Glycol is widely used in the coating industry as a component for lacquers, varnishes, printing inks and both oil and water-based paints.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also as an inert ingredients in pesticide formulations, as a solvent in dyes preparations, as a coupling agent for hydraulic fluids in the automotive industry, as a wetting agent, as an anti-caking agent for cement and siliceous derived industries, as a setting agent in the manufacture of textiles, and as a component in cosmetics, industrial and household cleaners, antifreeze solutions, and intermediate for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.



FEATURES OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is Skin humectant
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is Emollient
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is Globally Approved

Hexylene Glycol (HG) Antimicrobial protection agent and preservation booster
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is Effective at a wide pH rangeAlternative to conventional preservatives



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG)
Purity (% by weight) : ≥ 99,5
Appearance at 20°C : clear liquid free from suspended materials
Density at 20°C (g/cm3) : 0,920 - 0,923
Boiling point at 1013 Pa : 197,5°C
Flash point (closed cup) : 97°C
Water solubility at 20°c : complete
Hansen Solubility Parameters at 25°C: δt = 25,2; δd = 15,8; δp = 8,4; δh = 17
Molecular Weight
118.17 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
0.3
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
118.099379685 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
118.099379685 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
40.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
8
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
68.9
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Molecular Weight 118.2 g/mol
Empirical Formula C6H14O2
Appearance Colorless Liquid
Freezing Point -50°C (-58.0°F)
Boiling Point @ 760mm Hg 196°C (385°F)
Flash Point – Closed Cup 96°C (205°F)
Autoignition Temperature 425°C (797°F)
Density @ 20°C 0.924 kg/L 7.71 lb/gal
Vapor Pressure @ 20°C 0.05 mmHg
Evaporation Rate (nBuAc = 1) 0.007
Solubility in Water @ 20°C
Miscible Surface Tension @ 20°C 33.1 dynes/cm
Refractive Index @ 20°C 1.426
Viscosity @ 20°C 38.9 cP
Lower Explosive Limit 1.0 v/v%
Upper Explosive Limit 9.9 v/v%
Conductivity @ 20°C 3x106 pS/m
Dielectric Constant @ 20°C ≈7.7
Specific Heat @ 20°C 2.20 kJ/kg/°C
Heat of Vaporization @ normal boiling point 435 kJ/kg
Heat of Combustion @ 25°C 29875 kJ/kg
Odor Threshold 50 ppm
Appearance Clear colourless liquid
Odour Mild to adourless
Density 0.950 g/ml
Purity 99.00% Minimum
Moisture Content 1.0% Maximum
Solubility. Soluble in Alcohol
Origin: Synthetic
Shelf life: 1 year from mfg. date
Freight Classification: NMFC48580 S3 CL55
Kosher Status: Not Kosher
Flash Point: 93øC Closed Cup
Melting Point: -50øC
API: NO
Allergen: NO
Hazmat: YES
Molecular Weight: 118.18 g/mol



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.




HEXYLENE GLYCOL (HG)
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used as a solvent or coupling agent.

CAS: 107-41-5
MF: C6H14O2
MW: 118.17
EINECS: 203-489-0

Synonyms
2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 99%2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 99%2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL, 99%;2,4-Dihydroxy-2-Methyl-Penthane;MPD;2-METHYLPENTAN-2,4-DIOL;2-METHYLPENTANE-2,4-DIOL;2-Methyl-2,4-pentadiol;(+/-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL;2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIO;Hexylene glycol;2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL;107-41-5;2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol;Diolane;Pinakon;2,4-Pentanediol, 2-methyl-
;2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane;Isol;4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol;1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol;Caswell No. 574;2-Methyl pentane-2,4-diol;2-Methyl-2,4-pentandiol;hexyleneglycol;HSDB 1126;TRACID RUBINE 5BL;UNII-KEH0A3F75J;(+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol;NSC 8098;NSC-8098;EINECS 203-489-0;KEH0A3F75J;alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol;EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 068601;BRN 1098298
;1,3-dimethyl-3-hydroxybutanol;CCRIS 9439;DTXSID5021885;CHEBI:62995;AI3-00919;Hexylene glycol [NF];1,3,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol;DTXCID101885;EC 203-489-0
;1,1,3-trimethyl-1,3-propanediol;4-01-00-02565 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);Hexylene glycol (NF);HEXYLENE GLYCOL (II);HEXYLENE GLYCOL [II];7-MethylAtracuriumDimesylat(MixtureofDiastereomers);MPD;HEXYLENE GLYCOL (MART.);HEXYLENE GLYCOL [MART.];HEXYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS);HEXYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS];64229-01-2;CAS-107-41-5;2-Methylpentan-2,4-diol
;2-Methyl-pentane-2,4-diol;MFCD00004547;Hexylene glycol, 99%;R-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL;2methyl-2,4-pentanediol;Hexylene glycol, >=99%;Hexylene glycol, 99.5%;SCHEMBL19379;HEXYLENE GLYCOL [MI];1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol;HEXYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB];HEXYLENE GLYCOL [INCI];CHEMBL2104293;NSC8098;(?)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol;HMS3264E19;HY-B0903;Hexylene glycol, analytical standart;Tox21_201975;Tox21_302818
;s3588;AKOS015901459;CCG-213719;WLN: QY1 & 1XQ1 & 1;NCGC00249143-01;NCGC00256494-01;NCGC00259524-01;AC-13749;AS-58339;Hexylene glycol, BioXtra, >=99% (GC);(+/-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol, MPD;Hexylene glycol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC);M0384;NS00005763;(S)-(-)-2-METHYL-2,4-PENTANEDIOL;.alpha.,.alpha.'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol;Hexylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC);D04439;EN300-170052;AB01563179_01;J-640306;J-660006;Q2792203;W-108748;Z1255485267
;Hexylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a diol organic compound with a chiral carbon atom.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a colorless liquid at room temperature and can be Diacetone alcohol is hydrogenated.
The appearance is colorless liquid with mild sweetness.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is miscible with water, soluble in ethanol, and soluble in most organic solvents.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a colorless liquid with amild, sweet odor.
The odor threshold is 50 ppm.
Molecularweight= 1 18.20; Specific gravity (H20:1) = 0.92; Boilingpoint = 197.8℃; FreezingMelting point= - 50℃ (sets toglass); Vapor pressure = 0.05 mmHg at 20℃;Flashpoint = 98.3℃; Autoignition temperature = 260℃; 306℃.Explosive limits: LEL= 1.3%; UEL=7.4%.
HazardIdentification (basedon NFPA-704 M Rating System):Health 2, Flammability 1, Reactivity 0. Soluble in water.
A glycol in which the two hydroxy groups are at positions 2 and 4 of 2-methylpentane (isopentane).

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH(OH)CH3.
This colourless liquid is a chiral diol.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is produced industrially from diacetone alcohol by hydrogenation.
Total European and USA production was 15000 tonnes in 2000.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) exists as two enantiomers, (4R)-(−) and (4S)-(+).
In the Protein Data Bank, the 3-letter code "MPD" refers to the (S)-(−) enantiomer, while "MRD" is used to refer to the (R)-(+) version.
Commercial products labeled "MPD" are usually the racemate, also sold as and referred to as "hexylene glycol".

Hexylene Glycol (HG) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -40 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 197 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.925 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.02 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.427(lit.)
Fp: 201 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility H2O: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
Form: Slightly Viscous Liquid
pka: 15.10±0.29(Predicted)
Color: Clear
PH: 6-8 (25℃, 1M in H2O)
Odor: Ammonia-like.
Explosive limit: 1-9.9%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,4710
BRN: 1098298
Dielectric constant: 24.399999999999999
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 25 ppm; STEL 50 ppm(10 mg/m3)
NIOSH: Ceiling 25 ppm(125 mg/m3)
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong reducing agents.
InChIKey: SVTBMSDMJJWYQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 107-41-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hexylene Glycol (HG) (107-41-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: Hexylene Glycol (HG) (107-41-5)

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an oily colorless liquid with a mild sweet odor.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an oxygenated solvent derived from acetone which has two alcohol functions.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) has a low evaporation rate and it is completely miscible with water.

Uses
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a fine chemical product with a wide range of uses, which can be used in pesticides, biochemical engineering, photosensitive materials, synthetic fragrances and other fields.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a highly soluble high-grade organic solvent.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) can be used as an additive in the production of metal surface treatment agents for rust and oil removal.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) can also be used as a textile auxiliaries, as well as coatings and latex paints.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) can also be used in cosmetics, as a pesticide stabilizer, but also as a daily chemical moisturizer, flavor and fragrance raw materials, hydraulic oil, high-temperature lubricating oil, brake oil, dry cleaning agent, printing ink, pigment dispersant, wood preservative etc.
As penetrant, emulsifier and antifreeze.

Fuel and lubricant additive; solvent in cosmetics; solvent in petroleum refining; coupling agent in hydraulic brake fluid and printing inks; gasoline anti-icer additive
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used to control the flow properties of industrial products such as paints, coatings, cleansers, solvents, and hydraulic fluids.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) acts as a thickening agent in cosmetic products.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) serves as a coupling agent and an additive to hydraulic fluids, inks and cement.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also employed as a blood volume expander.
Further, Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used as a solvent for cleaning and colorant products.
In addition to this, Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used in laboratory studies as a precipitant and cryoprotectant in protein crystallography.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used as a reagent in the synthesis of functionalized boronic esters.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used in laboratory studies as a precipitant and cryoprotectant in protein crystallography.
Also used in the preparation of vinylboronates.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is mainly used as a coupling agent and an additive to hydraulic fluids, inks and cement.
Further, Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used as a solvent for cleaning and colorant products.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a potential substitute for glycol ethers.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an effective shrinkage reduction admixture or SRA for concrete and mortar.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) can also be used as a building block in chemical synthesis.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a key solvent in many markets such as paints & coatings, metal working fluids, detergency, cosmetics & fragrances, textiles & leather.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used to control the flow properties of industrial products such as paints, coatings, cleansers, solvents, and hydraulic fluids.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) acts as a thickening agent in cosmetic products.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also employed as a blood volume expander.

Hexylene Glycol (HG) exhibits both surfactant and emulsion-stabilizing properties.
Hexylene Glycol (HG)'s relatively high viscosity and low volatility are advantageous in coatings, cleansers, cosmetics, solvents, lubricants, and hydraulic fluids.
Although Hexylene Glycol (HG) is an irritant at higher concentrations, it is sometimes used in skin care, hair care, soap, and eye cosmetic products at concentrations ranging from 0.1% - 25%.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is biodegradable and unlikely to accumulate in the environment.

Laboratory uses
In the laboratory Hexylene Glycol (HG) is a common precipitant and cryoprotectant in protein crystallography.
Since Hexylene Glycol (HG) is compatible with polar and nonpolar molecules, it competes with the solvent in a crystallography experiment causing the protein to precipitate.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is so effective in protein crystallography because its amphiphilic nature and small, flexible structure allows it to bind to many different locations on a protein secondary structure including alpha helices and beta sheets.
When Hexylene Glycol (HG) binds to these different locations, water is removed and the protein crystals anneal, which prevents ice formation during cryocrystallography techniques.
Incorporation of Hexylene Glycol (HG) into solution has been known to improve the resolution of X-ray diffraction making protein structures easily identifiable.
Additionally Hexylene Glycol (HG) is not a strong denaturing agent and thus does not significantly alter the structure of a protein during the crystallography procedure.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is also used as a lubricant for polishing specimens in metallography.
Like related diols, Hexylene Glycol (HG) forms borate esters.

Preparation
Using 2000 L of diacetone alcohol as a raw material to synthesize isohexanediol by hydrogenation reduction, the specific process steps are:

Step 1: Start the vacuum pump to vacuum the raw material metering tank.
When the vacuum is greater than -0.06Mpa, close the exhaust valve, open the feed valve, mix 2000 L of diacetone alcohol raw material and 200ppm sodium bicarbonate and pump Hexylene Glycol (HG) in Raw material metering tank.

Step 2: Open the vacuum valve on the reduction pot and pump the reduction pot to a vacuum of -0.1Mpa, then open the feed valve on the reduction pot, and add 2000 L of diacetone alcohol raw material and 200ppm sodium bicarbonate from the metering tank To the reduction pot, start the mixer to stir at the same time, add 95Kg of Raney nickel catalyst.

Step 3: Close the vacuum valve, open the nitrogen inlet valve, and inject nitrogen into the reduction pot.
After the pressure in the pot is increased to 0.6Mpa within 3 to 5 minutes, close the hydrogen inlet valve, open the vent valve, and reduce the pressure in the pot.
Reduce to normal pressure, repeat the above steps, re-inject nitrogen for replacement, and repeat this five times.

Step 4: When the nitrogen replacement in the third step is completed, close the vent valve, open the hydrogen inlet valve, and inject hydrogen into the reduction pot within 10-15 minutes. When the pressure in the pot reaches 0.6Mpa, close the hydrogen inlet valve.
Open the vent valve, after the pressure in the pot drops to normal pressure, close the vent valve, repeat the above steps, re-inject hydrogen for replacement, and repeat this five times.

Step 5: After the hydrogen replacement, close the vent valve, open the hydrogen gas inlet valve, and inject hydrogen into the reduction pot.
Use hydrogen to make the pressure in the pot reach 1.9Mpa within 15 to 30 minutes, then close the hydrogen gas inlet valve and open it.
Jacketed steam valve, raise the temperature in the pot to 150°C, and adjust the stirring speed to 310r/min.
At this time, open the hydrogen gas inlet valve and control the temperature in the pot at 150°C.
On the basis of the stable temperature in the pot, Keep the hydrogen vapor pressure at 1.9Mpa for 4 hours, then close the hydrogen gas inlet valve and accurately record the current pressure in the boiler.
After 30 minutes, take a sample for gas chromatographic testing.
If the raw material content is less than 1% in the test result, it is qualified.
At this time, Close the jacketed steam valve and open the jacketed cooling water to reduce the temperature in the pot to normal temperature.
Then, open the vent valve to reduce the pressure in the pot to normal pressure.

Step 6: Stop the mixer and let Hexylene Glycol (HG) stand for 50 minutes, close the vent valve, open the nitrogen inlet valve, use nitrogen to increase the pressure in the pot to 0.6Mpa, close the nitrogen valve, open the empty valve, and slowly reduce the pressure in the pot to normal pressure , And then repeat this step 5 times.

Step 7: Open the nitrogen valve and the feed valve of the distillation pot at the same time.
Use 0.8Mpa nitrogen to send the qualified materials to the filter for filtration.
The filtered materials are pumped into the crude isohexanediol storage tank, and then pressed to the distillation Distillation is carried out in the kettle, and the filtered catalyst is recycled; the finished product from the rectification is isohexanediol.
After the raw material of 2000 L diacetone alcohol is hydrogenated and reduced to synthesize, 1865Kg of isohexanediol product is obtained with a purity of 99.5%.
The mass yield is 99%.
After cooling, Hexylene Glycol (HG) is placed in the isohexanediol product storage tank.
The remaining by-products are mainly 29kg of 98% acetone, which can be sold as industrial acetone.

Production Methods
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is prepared commercially by the catalytic hydrogenation of diacetone alcohol.
Hexylene Glycol (HG) is used as a chemical intermediate, a selective solvent in petroleum refining, a component of hydraulic fluids, a solvent for inks, and as an additive for cement.
Industrial exposure is likely to be from direct contact or from inhalation, particularly if the material is heated.

Chemical Reactivity
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: Can catch fire when in contact with porous materials such as wood, asbestos, cloth, soil, or rusty metals; Stability During Transport: Stable at ordinary temperatures, however when heated this material can decompose to nitrogen and ammonia gases.
The decomposition is not generally hazardous unless Hexylene Glycol (HG) occurs in confined spaces; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Flush with water and neutralize the resulting solution with calcium hypochlorite; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
HEXYLGLYCERIN
HEXYLOXYETHANOL, N° CAS : 112-25-4, Nom INCI : HEXYLOXYETHANOL, Nom chimique : Ethanol, 2-hexyloxy,Glycol Hexyl Ether,2-Hexoxyethanol. Ses fonctions (INCI). Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances
HEXYLOXYETHANOL
4-hexyl-1,3-benzenediol, 4-hexylresorcinol, HEXYLRESORCINOL, N° CAS : 136-77-6, Nom INCI : HEXYLRESORCINOL. Nom chimique : 4-Hexyl-1,3-benzenediol. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 205-257-4, Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes
HEXYLRESORCINOL
Heavy High Boiling Tar Acid; CAS NO:MIXTURE
HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID)
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is an inorganic compound that exists in two forms: a solid and a liquid.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid), with the chemical formula F6HZr-, has the CAS number 12021-95-3.


CAS Number: 12021-95-3
EC nUMBER: 234-666-0
MDL Number: MFCD00082965
Molecular Formula: F6HZr-



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HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is a colorless, odorless liquid mixture, completely soluble in water and stable under recommended storage conditions.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is corrosive to metals.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is incompatible with strong acids, bases, and should be stored away from metals as contact with metals
can result in the release of hydrogen gas that can be explosive.


This mixture is predominantly composed of 45% dihydrogen hexafluorozirconate(2-),
54.5% water and hydrofluoric acid comprising approximately 0.5%.
Given HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid)'s major uses, the primary exposure to this chemical occurs in the industrial setting.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is an inorganic compound that exists in two forms: a solid and a liquid.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is a highly reactive compound that is used in a variety of scientific and industrial applications.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is light green liquid.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is based surface pretreatments on steel for corrosion resistance.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is non flammable.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is an inorganic compound aqueous solution used mainly in the manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate, in the metal industry as a corrosion inhibitor for surface pre-treatment.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) appears as a colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
The basic structure of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) consists of two hydrogen atoms, one zirconium atom, and six fluorine atoms.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is highly soluble in water.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is important to handle this chemical with caution and use appropriate protective measures.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid), also known as hydrogen zirconium fluoride, is a chemical compound that finds various applications in industries such as pharmaceuticals, electronics, ceramics, and metal surface treatment.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used as a cleaning and etching agent in the casting and ceramic industries to remove metal surface oxides and other impurities.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is employed as a raw material for preparing catalysts and complexes.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is applied in surface treatments and electroplating to enhance material properties such as corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and heat resistance.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is utilized in the production of compounds like zirconium fluoride and aluminum fluoride.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used in the preparation of electronic materials for batteries, capacitors, optoelectronic devices, and similar applications.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used commonly in industrial settings as a precursor material for the manufacture of films used to coat ceramics, to synthesize glass used in prescription eyeglasses and as a common corrosion inhibitor on steel and other metal surfaces.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is primarily used as a catalyst in the synthesis of organic compounds, as a reagent in the synthesis of fluorinated compounds, and as a reagent for the production of fluorinated polymers.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is also used in the manufacture of semiconductor materials and in the production of high-strength glass.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) has multiple uses in inorganic chemical reactions such as the preparation of titanium oxide photocatalysts and zirconium oxide thin films.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Other release to the environment of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Other release to the environment of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) can be found in products with material based on: metal (e.g. cutlery, pots, toys, jewellery).
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products.


Release to the environment of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products.
Release to the environment of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) can occur from industrial use: as processing aid, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and in processing aids at industrial sites.


Release to the environment of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used common corrosion inhibitor on steel and other metal surfaces; replacement of phosphates for the treatment of zinc-galvanized and cold –roll steel; non-chromium surface passivation; active component in thin-film coatings


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is mainly used as corrosion inhibitor by customers active in the metal and coatings industry.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) does show highest effectiveness on aluminium though it can be used on other metals as well.
Customers are using Hexafluorozirconic acid as an alternative of nickel based products with less hazardous properties when it comes to environmental as well as health & safety related regulations.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used electroplating, and aluminum lacquering in chrome-free processes.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used synthesis of fluoride releasing dental monomers, as a precursor of ZrO2 ceramic films as well as metal surface passivation.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) reduces the occurrence of sludge as a side product – e.g. in Zincphosphate based systems.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used in the pre-treatment of aluminum prior to surface finishing, for example, prior to painting aluminum beverage cans, automotive surfaces and appliances.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is also used in optical glass, zirconium fluoride acid salt manufacturing, in chromate solution can improve the corrosion resistance of steel, zinc, lead and other metals.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is most effective on aluminum, but can also be used on other metals.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used preparation of titania photocatalyst synthesized from ionic-liquid-like precursor.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used synthesis of fluoride-releasing dental monomer.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used as precursor to ZrO2 ceramic thin films.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is mainly used in manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is mainly used in manufacturing of optical glass and fluozirconate.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is mainly used in metal surface treatment and cleaning


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid)'s also used in the wool, leather industry and the atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory production etc.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, as well as for atomic energy industry and production of advanced electrical materials and refractories.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, as well as for wool, leather garment industry, atomic energy industry and production of high-grade electrical materials and refractories.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used for metal surface and coating.


Used for: HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is based surface pretreatments on steel for corrosion resistance.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used preparation of titania photocatalyst synthesized from ionic-liquid-like precursor Synthesis of fluoride-releasing dental monomer As precursor to ZrO2 ceramic thin films.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used for metal surface treatment and cleaning, also used in the atomic energy industry and advanced electrical materials, refractory production
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is commonly used for etching glass, ceramics, and metals, as a corrosion inhibitor, and as a catalyst in chemical reactions.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is also utilized in the manufacturing of zirconium compounds and as a raw material in the production of metal coatings.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is used in the pre-treatment of aluminum prior to surface finishing, for example, prior to painting aluminum beverage cans, automotive surfaces and appliances.


HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is also used in optical glass, zirconium fluoride acid salt manufacturing, in chromate solution can improve the corrosion resistance of steel, zinc, lead and other metals.


-Use in Nanoceramic-Based Conversion Coatings:
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is also employed as an eco-friendly conversion coating for steel, influencing the morphology and corrosion resistance of the coating.
The optimal performance of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is observed at specific solution pH and temperatures.



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
Corrosion Protection and Surface Treatment: Hexafluorozirconic acid is used for treating steel surfaces.
It forms a zirconium oxide layer on steel, enhancing hydrophobicity and corrosion resistance.
This treatment is effective against corrosion in environments like a 0.5M NaCl solution.



ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR IN COATING FORMATION OF HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
The electrochemical behavior of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) in conversion coating formation on steel is notable.
The coating's polarization resistance is influenced by immersion time and bath pH, affecting corrosion resistance.



MARKET PROSPECTS OF HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
The demand for HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) is expected to witness steady growth in the coming years.
HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid)'s versatile applications and its significance in multiple industries drive its market prospects.
The increasing use of HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid) in the electronics industry, particularly in the production of semiconductors and integrated circuits, is a significant factor contributing to its market growth.
Additionally, the growing demand for advanced ceramics and metal surface treatments is further expected to propel the market for HFZA (Hexafluorozirconic acid).



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
Boiling point: 100℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1.512 g/mL at 25 °C
solubility: Miscible with acid-base solutions.
form: Liquid
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
NIOSH: IDLH 25 mg/m3; TWA 5 mg/m3; STEL 10 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with acids, oxidizing agents.
Contact with acids releases hydrogen fluoride.
CAS DataBase Reference: 12021-95-3(CAS DataBase Reference)

EPA Substance Registry System: Zirconate(2-), hexafluoro-, dihydrogen, (OC-6-11)- (12021-95-3)
Molecular Weight: 207.23 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 205.910768 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 205.910768 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0

Complexity: 19.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 3
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available

Initial boiling point and boiling range No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point No data available
Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,512 g/mL at 25 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

CAS: 12021-95-3
Category: Heterocyclic Organic Compound
Molecular Weight: 207.23
Molecular Formula: H2ZrF6
MDL Number: MFCD00082965
Density: 1.512 g/mL at 25 °C
Molecular Formula: F6H2Zr
Molecular Weight: 205.215
Flash Point: None
Exact Mass: 203.896225
LogP: 2.74620
Stability: Stable.



FIRST AID MEASURES of HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type ABEK
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only
to qualified or authorized persons.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 6.1D:
Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HFZA (HEXAFLUOROZIRCONIC ACID):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available


HHBTA
2-Hydroxyethyl cellulose; Hydroxyethyl-cellulose, cas no: 9004-62-0
HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE)
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is an organic compound belonging to the class of cyclic anhydrides.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a white, solid crystalline material with a melting point of 74-76°C and a molecular weight of 162.15 g/mol.
The chemical formula of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is C8H14O3.


CAS number: 85-42-7
EC number: 201-604-9
MDL Number: MFCD00064863
Molecular Formula: C8H10O3


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a white solid, soluble in benzene and acetone, moisture adsorption.
Compared with THPA, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has light color and luster, low viscosity, small volatility, low toxicity, small loss on heating, stable performance, long use life, low freezing point and can be long-term stored at room temperature.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a white solid or clear liquid if melted with molecular formula C8H10O3.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a white crystalline powder
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a cyclic anhydride that can be used for a variety of applications such as: plasticizer, rust inhibitor, and a curing agent for epoxy based resins.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride that is the cyclic anhydride of hexahydrophthalic acid.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has high-temperature stability, excellent dielectric properties, and high glass transition temperatures.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is an alicyclic acid anhydride which has excellent characteristics as a polyester alkyd resin raw material or epoxy resin hardener.


As HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) does not contain double bond in molecular formula, it can be a raw material of resins with great weather resistance.
When HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used as a raw material of paints or artificial marble, it enhances electric insulation, heat resistance, and chemical resistance.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a cyclic dicarboxylic anhydride and a tetrahydrofurandione.
However, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is not usually the direct result of dehydration of the corresponding carboxylic acid.
Instead, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is produced from phthalic anhydride by a nuclear hydrogenation.


The addition of six hydrogen atoms in this reaction gives HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) its name.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in the synthesis of polyester resin.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used as modifier of alkyd resin.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used as curing accelerant in the pasting of epoxy resin.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used as material of insecticide.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used as material of drug
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in plasticizer and antirust.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is mainly used for the synthesis of polyester resin and normal temperature curing alcohol acid resin, also use as an epoxy resin coating curing accelerator, which can improve curing speed.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade)'s groups and uses include adhesives and sealants, industrial chemicals, coatings, and paints.


Other applications of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) include industrial use as a monomer in the manufacture of resins, industrial use as an intermediate in chemical synthesis or processing, industrial use as a hardener for epoxy resins, and the manufacture of substances (liquids and flakes).
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used intermediate, used in coatings, curing agents for epoxy resins, adhesives, plasticizers, etc.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in a variety of applications, such as in the synthesis of polymers, as a reagent in organic synthesis, and as a curing agent for epoxy resins.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in Adhesives & Sealants, Industrial Chemicals, Coatings, Paints


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in coatings, epoxy resin solidifying agents, polyester resin, adhesive, plasticizers etc.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used when maximum resistance to yellowing and premium optical and electrical performance are required.
Application examples of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade): Production of polyester resins, binders and paints, use as anhydride for curing epoxy resins, raw material for PVC plasticizers, intermediate product for alkyd resins and rust inhibitors


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in coatings, epoxy resin curing agents, adhesives, plasticizers, etc.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is primarily used as a hardener in epoxy resin systems.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a known respiratory sensitiser.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade), in combination with triethaylamine (TEA), can be used as a polymerization initiator in the preparation of polyester based resins.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) can also be used as a hardener to cure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which can be used as an epoxy based system for electronic devices.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used intermediate for alkyds, plasticizers, insect repellents, and rust inhibitors; hardener in epoxy resins.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is mainly used as intermediate for coating resins, plasticizers, insect repellents and rust inhibitors, and as hardener for epoxy resins.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is preferred over other cyclic anhydrides in casting and coating applications for his higher resistance to yellowing.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is widely used for electronics applications.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) cured epoxy resins have excellent dielectric properties, high-temperature stability, and high glass transition temperatures.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used as a curing agent in adhesive coatings and sealant materials, e.g. for the second-generation two-part epoxy adhesive synthesis.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is also used in the manufacture of alkyd and polyester resins, insecticides, and rust preventives.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade), in combination with triethaylamine (TEA), can be used as a polymerization initiator in the preparation of polyester based resins.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) can also be used as a hardener to cure 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether which can be used as an epoxy based system for electronic devices.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a cyclic anhydride that can be used for a variety of applications such as: plasticizer, rust inhibitor, and a curing agent for epoxy based resins.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is mainly used as an intermediate for coating resins (alkyds, polyesters), plasticizers, sealant, curing agent in adhesive, insect repellents, rust inhibitors, electronics applications.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade)’s low melt viscosity, as well as its high mix ratio with epoxy resins, makes it particularly suitable as hardener for epoxy resin for applications where high filler loadings are required.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is preferred over other aromatic anhydrides in casting and coating applications for his higher resistance to yellowing.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a saturated dicarboxylic anhydride and will undergo most of the reactions typical of this class of compounds.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is supplied as a white low-melting solid (38°C) which is miscible with most organic solvents.
In water, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) hydrolyzes to hexahydrophthalic acid.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in the following products: coating products and polymers.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.


Other release to the environment of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in the following products: polymers.


Release to the environment of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and as processing aid.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in the following products: polymers and coating products.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and .
Release to the environment of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a bio-based direct drop-in for petrochemical HHPA, a speciality chemical which finds application in durable, high gloss, weather-resistant coatings, and high-end electrical applications.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a very effective curing agent for epoxy resins.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is also used in the preparation of alkyd and polyester resins where good color stability is important.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade)cured epoxies are characterized by reduced color and improved electrical and physical properties as compared to amine-cured products.


The low melting point of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) allows it to be easily handled and blended with liquid resins.
Viscosities of the HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade)-epoxy mixtures are lower, pot life is extended in the absence of catalyst and curing reaction is less exothermic than with other hardeners.


Areas of application of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) including casting, laminating, embedding, coating, and impregnating electrical components.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is mainly used in paints, epoxy curing agents, the polyester resins, adhesives, plasticizers, intermediates to prevent rust, etc.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and an intermediate for plasticizers and other chemicals.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used in the chemical, polymers, paints, lacquers, and varnishes industries.
As HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is also useful as an epoxy resin hardener which can produce clear and colorless hardened materials, it is used in LED.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is also used as a raw material of resist inks, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, etc.
As HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is excellent in impregnating ability, it is used in molding or casting of FRP.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is mainly used in the chemical industry as a monomer for polymerization processes.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is used as a starting material for the manufacture of polyester resins, binders and paints.
Among other things, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) contributes to greater weather resistance of the polymerization product and better resistance to UV light.


HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) belongs to the cyclic carboxylic acid anhydrides.
Compared to phthalic anhydride and isophthalic acid, which are cheaper to produce, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) also causes the polymers produced to have a lower viscosity.



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is synthesized by the reaction of hexahydrophthalic acid with phthalic anhydride in the presence of a catalytic amount of sulfuric acid.
The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 130-140°C for a period of 1-2 hours.
The reaction produces an anhydride with a yield of 90-95%.



SYNTHESIS METHOD DETAILS OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
Design of the Synthesis Pathway:
The synthesis pathway of HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) involves the catalytic hydrogenation of the corresponding phthalic anhydride.
This reaction is carried out under high pressure and high-temperature conditions to produce the desired product.



STARTING MATERIALS OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
*Phthalic anhydride
*Hydrogen gas
*Catalyst (e.g. Raney Nickel, Platinum, Palladium)



REACTION OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
Phthalic anhydride is dissolved in a suitable solvent such as methanol or ethanol.
The catalyst is added to the solution and stirred to ensure homogeneity.
Hydrogen gas is then introduced into the reaction vessel under high pressure and high temperature conditions (e.g. 50-100 bar, 150-200°C).
The reaction mixture is stirred for several hours until the desired conversion is achieved.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is then isolated by filtration or distillation and purified by recrystallization or chromatography.



SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has been studied for its potential applications in various areas of scientific research.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has been used as a reagent in the synthesis of polymers, as a curing agent for epoxy resins, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has also been used in the synthesis of polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes, as well as in the synthesis of dyes and pigments.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a cyclic anhydride, which reacts with primary and secondary amines to form amides.
This reaction is catalyzed by a small amount of sulfuric acid, and is carried out at a temperature of 130-140°C.
The amides formed are highly stable and can be used in a variety of applications.



BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has been studied for its potential biochemical and physiological effects.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has been found to be non-toxic and non-irritating to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has also been found to be non-carcinogenic, non-mutagenic, and non-teratogenic.

Advantages and Limitations for Lab Experiments HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has several advantages for use in laboratory experiments.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is relatively inexpensive, and is readily available from chemical suppliers.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is also relatively easy to synthesize, and can be used in a variety of applications.

However, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has some limitations.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is a highly reactive compound, and should be handled with caution.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) should also be stored in an airtight container, away from heat and direct sunlight.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has potential applications in a variety of areas.
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) could be used in the synthesis of new polymers and materials, as a curing agent for epoxy resins, and as a catalyst in organic synthesis.

HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) could also be used in the synthesis of dyes and pigments, and in the production of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Additionally, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) could be used in the synthesis of polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes, and in the production of adhesives and coatings.
Finally, HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) could be used in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, such as surfactants and emulsifiers.



PRODUCTION OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) is obtained by reacting ciscyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid with oxalyl chloride.
Combine ciscyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic acid (1 mmol, 172 mg) and oxalyl chloride (1.2 mmol, 152 mg, 0.103 ml) in dry toluene (5 mL) and add a drop of freshly distilled DMF.
Purge the reaction vessel with argon and heat the reaction under stirring for 3 h.

Stop the stirring, decant the toluene solution and filter.
Evaporate the volatiles.
Transform into crystalline form by trituration with diethyl ether.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
HHPA (Hexahydrophtalic Anhydrade) has been obtained by heating the trans-acid or anhydride at 200oC.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
Boiling point: 296 °C
Density @ 40°C: 1.193 g/ml
Viscosity @ 40°C: 47.0 mPa.s
Vapour pressure @ 120°C: 3.7 mmHg
Melting point: 32-34 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 158 °C17 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.18
vapor pressure: 0.31Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.4620 (estimate)
RTECS: NP6895168
Flash point: >230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: Chloroform, Methanol (Slightly)
form: Solid

pka: 4.14[at 20 ℃]
color: White to Off-White
Water Solubility: 4.2g/L at 20℃
Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
BRN: 83213
Exposure limits ACGIH: Ceiling 0.005 mg/m3
Stability: Moisture Sensitive
LogP: -4.14 at 20℃
Boiling point: 564.8°F
Molecular weight: 154.17
Freezing point/melting point: 89.6°F
Vapor pressure: 5.35x10(-2)
Flash point: 300.2°F
Vapor density: 1.19
Specific gravity: 5.3

Molecular Weight: 154.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 154.062994177 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 154.062994177 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 43.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 11
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 187
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: solid
Color: white
Odor: aromatic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 32 - 34 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 158 °C at 23 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 4,2 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 1,59 at 40 °C
Vapor pressure: 0,77 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,191 g/cm3 at 40 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Molecular Formula: C8H10O3
Molar Mass: 154.16
Density: 1.236g/cm3
Melting Point: 29-32℃
Boling Point: 283.351°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 143.909°C
Solubility: Soluble in benzene, acetone, etc.
Vapor Presure: 0.003mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: White-like crystal
Storage Condition: Room Temprature
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Refractive Index: 1.502
MDL: MFCD00005926

Molecular Formula: C8H10O3
Molecular Weight: 154.16 g/mol
IUPAC Name: 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
InChI: InChI=1S/C8H10O3/c9-7-5-3-1-2-4-6(5)8(10)11-7/h5-6H,1-4H2
InChI Key: MUTGBJKUEZFXGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1CCC2C(C1)C(=O)OC2=O
Canonical SMILES: C1CCC2C(C1)C(=O)OC2=O
Boiling Point: 296 °C, 564.8°F
Color/Form: Clear, colorless, viscous liquid
... becomes a glassy solid at 35-36 °C
Density: 1.19 at 40 °C 5.3
Flash Point: 149 °C (open cup) 300.2°F
Melting Point: 32 °C 35-36 °C 89.6°F
Other CAS RN: 14166-21-3 85-42-7
Physical Description:
DryPowder; Other: Solid
SOLID IN VARIOUS FORMS.
Dry powder or solid in various forms, or clear, colorless, viscous liquid.
Solubility: Miscible with benzene, toluene, acetone, carbon tetrachloride,
chloroform, ethanol, and ethyl acetate;
slightly soluble in petroleum ether
In water: 1.76X10+3 mg/L at 25 °C (est)

Solubility in water: reaction
Vapor Density:
Relative vapor density (air = 1): 5.3 1.19
Vapor Pressure 5.35X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
Vapor pressure, Pa at 25 °C: 0.9 5.35x10(-2)
Appearance: White solid
Purity: ≥99.0 %
Acid Value(mg KOH/g): 710~740
Iodine Value (Ig/100g): ≤1.0
Free Acid: ≤1.0%
Colour (Pt-Co): ≤50#
Freezing Point: 34-38℃
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 32.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 283.00 to 284.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Boiling Point: 158.00 °C. @ 17.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.003000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 291.00 °F. TCC ( 143.90 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 0.762 (est)
Soluble in: water, 1014 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)



FIRST AID MEASURES of HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water:
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
required
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HHPA (HEXAHYDROPHTALIC ANHYDRIDE):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,3 - Isobenzofurandione hexahydro-
HHPA;cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-CYCLOHEXANEDICARBOXYLIC ANHYDRIDE
Hexahydro-isobenzofuran-1,3-dione
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-
Hexahydrophthalic Anhydride (HHPA)
NT 907
C6H10(CO)2O
Araldite HT 907
RRSYY(Selfotel)-1
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride
85-42-7
Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
HHPA
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-
Lekutherm Hardener H
Hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride
Araldite HT 907
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride
octahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
NT 907
Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
NSC 8622
3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
hexahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
CHEBI:103210
EINECS 201-604-9
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid anhydride
DTXSID8026515
HSDB 7912
EINECS 238-009-9
(+)-trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Anhydride
MFCD00064863
1,2-Cyclohexane dicarboxylic anhydride
EC 201-604-9
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, cis + trans
Hexahydrophthalic anhydride(HHPA)
Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
trans-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-, trans-
trans-Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
NSC-8622
MFCD00674195
(3aR,7AS)-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
rel-(3aR,7aR)-Hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
hexahydrophtalic anhydride
Epitope ID:122664
SCHEMBL15324
3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
CHEMBL273968
DTXCID906515
NSC8622
Tox21_200661
BBL011768
STK387488
Hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione #
2,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
AKOS000119684
AKOS016352936
CS-W018047
DS-4586
SB44842
CAS-85-42-7
NCGC00248785-01
NCGC00258215-01
AC-19638
SY234482
LS-183520
C1417
C1657
FT-0623877
FT-0627011
FT-0637021
FT-0657907
FT-0659322
EN300-18014
D70901
A841328
A855212
J-501171
J-521450
Q26840977
Z57127491
F0001-0429
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride predominately cis
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride
Araldite HT 907
HHPA
Hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride
Lekutherm Hardener H
1,3-Isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride;
hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
HHPA
1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
hexahydrophthalic anhydride
HHPSA
HH-PSA
HHPA
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid anhydride,
cyclohexane-1,2-dicaboxylic anhydride,
cis and trans mixture
HHPA
HHPAA
hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride
hexahydro-1,3-isobenzofurandione
cis-hexahydrophthalic anhydride
hhpa,hexahydrophthalic anhydride
hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride
cis-hhpa
hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
cis-hexahydroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione
hhpa
3-isobenzofuranedione,hexahydro-,cis-1
hhpa),cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylican
1,3-isobenzofurandione, hexahydro-, cis-
HHPA
cis-HHPA
cis-Hexahydrophthalic anhydride
hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
cis-1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
(3aR,7aS)-hexahydro-2-benzofuran-1,3-dione
HHPA; 1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Anhydride
1,2-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic Acid Anhydride
Aradur HY 925
Araldite HT 904
Araldite HT 907
Araldite HY 907
Araldite HY 925
Araldite Hardener HY 925
Cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic Acid Anhydride
Cyclohexanedi

HIDROXYETHYL CELLULOSE 
HISTIDINE HCL, N° CAS : 645-35-2 / 5934-29-2, Nom INCI : HISTIDINE HCL. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-438-9 (L) / -. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
HINT YAĞI
SYNONYMS 2,3-bis[[(Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoyl]oxy]propyl (Z)-12-hydroxyoctadec-9-enoate;CASTOR-OIL, PH EUR;CASTOR OIL USP;ImmersionOilForMicroscopy-OpticallyClear,Non-Fluorescent;CASTOR OIL, PHARMA;CASTOR OIL, COLD PRESSED;Castor oil, Eur. Pharm. Grade;Castor CAS NO:8001-79-4
HISTIDINE HCL
HISTIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE, N° CAS : 645-35-2 Nom INCI : HISTIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE Nom chimique : L-Histidine monohydrochloride N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-438-9 Ses fonctions (INCI) Antioxydant : Inhibe les réactions favorisées par l'oxygène, évitant ainsi l'oxydation et la rancidité Agent réducteur : Modifie la nature chimique d'une autre substance en ajoutant de l'hydrogène ou en éliminant l'oxygène
HISTIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
HISTIDINE, N° CAS : 71-00-1, Nom INCI : HISTIDINE. Nom chimique : Histidine, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-745-3. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
Hibiscus sabdariffa
hibiscus sabdariffa flower; plant material obtained from the flowers of the red sorrel, hibiscus sabdariffa l., malvaceae; roselle flower CAS NO:84775-96-2
Hidrofobik fumed silika
Silicon dioxide; AEROSIL(TM) 200; BAKER SILICA GEL; CAB-OSIL M-5; CAB-O-SIL(TM) M-5; COLLOIDAL SILICA; CRISTOBALITE; DAVISIL(TM); DRYING PEARLS ORANGE; IATROBEADS; LICHROSORB(R) 60; PHTHALOCYANINE IMMOBILIZED SILICA GEL; POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE-IMPREGNATED SILICA GEL; PRESEP(R) SILICA GEL TYPE 3L; QUARTZ; SAND; SILICA; SILICA GEL; SILICA GEL 100; SILICA GEL 12-28 MESH; SILICA GEL 30 CAS NO:112945-52-5
HİDROJEN PEROKSİT
SYNONYMS Peroxide; Hydrogen Dioxide; Albone; Inhibine;Perhydrol; Peroxan; Oxydol; Hydroperoxide; Hioxy; Dihydrogen Dioxide; Perossido Di Idrogeno (Italian); Peroxyde D'hydrogene (French); Wasserstoffperoxid (German); Aterstofperoxyde (Dutch); CAS NO:7722-84-1
HİDROKLORİK ASİT
SYNONYMS Hydrochloric acid;Hydrochloric acid gas;Hydrochloric acid, anhydrous;hydrogen chloride;Hydrogen chloride (HCl);Hydrogen chloride ClH;1-2 Hydrochloric Acid AR;12 Hydrochloric Acid AR 36%;Anhydrous hydrochloric acid;Anhydrous hydrogen chloride CAS NO:7647-01-0
HİDROKLOROTİYAZİT
SYNONYMS 2H-1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide, 6-chloro-3,4-dihydro-, 1,1-dioxide;3,4-Dihydrochlorothiazide;6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-7-sulfonamide 1,1-dioxide;6-Chloro-3,4-dihydro-7-sulfamoyl-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide;6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide;6-Chloro-7-sulfamoyl-3,4-dihydrobenzo-1,2,4-thiadiazine-1,1-dioxide CAS NO:58-93-5
Hidroksi Propil Selüloz
SYNONYMS 2-HYDROXYPROPYL CELLULOSE;AeroWhip;AeroWhip 630;AeroWhip 640;Aqualon Klucel L;Cellulose 2-hydroxypropyl ester;Cellulose hydroxypropyl ether;Cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl ether;CELLULOSE, HYDROXYPROPYL CAS NO:9004-64-2
HİNT YAĞI 40 EO
SYNONYMS castor oil (ricinus communis), hydrogenated, ethoxylated (40 mol EO average molar ratio);cremophor RH 40;croduret 40;emanon CH-40;findet ARH-52;lipocol HCO-40;nikkol HCO-40;nikkol HCO-40 pharm;polyethylene glycol (40) hydrogenated castor oil;polyoxyethylene (40) hydrogenated castor oil CAS NO:61788-85-0
Histidine
HMDTMPA; HDTMPA; HDTMP(A) ,HexaMethyleneDiamineTetra(MethylenePhosphonic Acid); HexaMethyleneDiamineTetra (MethylenePhosphonic Acid) HMDTMPA; Hexamethylenediaminetetrakis-(methylenephosphonic acid); Phosphonates Antiscalants, Corrosion Inhibitors and Chelating Agents CAS No. 23605-74-5
HMDTMPA
Synonymshmdtmpa-6k;Hexapotassium dihydrogen [hexane-1,6-diylbis[nitrilobis(methylene)]]tetrakisphosphonate;Phosphonic acid, 1,6-hexanediylbisnitrilobis(methylene)tetrakis-, hexapotassium salt;HMDTMPA;Potassium Salt of HexaMethyleneDiamineTetra (MethylenePhosphon cas :53473-28-2
HMDTPMPA.K6
Tributyl phenol polyethylene glycol ether sulfate, sodium salt cas no:9016-45-9
HODAN OIL
Hodan oil is a rich source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), an omega-6 fatty acid that helps regulate the immune system and reduce inflammation, making it beneficial for conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and eczema.
Derived from the seeds of the Borago officinalis plant, Hodan oil is one of the highest sources of GLA, which can support skin health, manage hormonal imbalances, and promote overall wellness.
Hodan oil's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties make it effective in treating a range of issues, from joint pain and skin disorders to respiratory infections and growth development in infants.

CAS Number: 9005-26-7
EC Number: 232-287-5
Molecular Formula: C18H30O2
Molar Mass: 278.43 g/mol

Synonyms: Borage Seed Oil, Starflower Oil, Borago Officinalis Oil, Borago Oil, Starflower Seed Oil, Borage Oil Extract, Borage Extract, Borago Officinalis Extract, Borage Essential Oil, Borage Oil Concentrate, Borage Infusion, Borage Lipid Extract, Starflower Lipid, Borage Oil Solution, Borage Oil Essence, Borago Oil Essence, Borage Oil Tincture, Borago Officinalis Seed Oil, Starflower Oil Extract, Borage Seed Extract

Hodan oil is a natural substance that provides high levels GLA, which is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).
Hodan oil’s derived from the seeds of the borage plant, which has the species name Borago officinalis and is indigenous to North Africa and Europe.

Hodan oil is not found in high amounts in the human diet.
Therefore, most people turn to supplements to provide Hodan oil's benefits, including both Hodan oil and evening primrose oil.

Hodan oil is a nutritional supplement which is rich in essential fatty acids that can regulate the body’s immune system and fight joint inflammation.
The available evidence suggests that borage seed oil may improve the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis.

Hodan oil contains very high levels of two types of polyunsaturated omega-6 essential fatty acids, 20–26% gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) and linolenic acid (LA, which your body converts to GLA).
GLA is an essential fatty acid that’s important for maintaining a joint’s cell structure and function.

Your body converts Hodan oil into hormone-like substances called prostaglandins, which regulate your immune system and fight joint inflammation.
Hodan oil might also suppress inflammatory responses by directly acting on some inflammatory cells.

Other oils generally used in normal diet (like sunflower oil) only contain LA.
Hodan oil is the richest source of pure GLA.

Hodan oil also contains tannic, oleic and palmetic acid.
Hodan oil is used for skin disorders including eczema (atopic dermatitis), red, itchy rash on the scalp (seborrheic dermatitis), and a type of skin condition called neurodermatitis.

Hodan oil is also used for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), swelling of the gums, stress, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), diabetes, attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), alcoholism, pain and swelling (inflammation), asthma, and for preventing heart disease and stroke.
Hodan oil is sometimes added to infant formula in small amounts to provide fatty acids needed to promote development of preterm infants.

Borage flower and leaves are used for fever, cough, and depression.

Hodan oil is also used for a hormone problem called adrenal insufficiency, for "blood purification," to increase urine flow, to prevent inflammation of the lungs, as a sedative, and to promote sweating.
Hodan oil is also used to increase breast milk production and to treat bronchitis and colds.

Hodan oil is applied to the skin for red, itchy rash on the scalp of infants (seborrheic dermatitis) and is also used in a dressing to soften the skin.

In foods, borage is eaten in salads and soups.
In manufacturing, borage is used in skin care products.

Hodan oil contains the omega-6 fatty acid known as gamma-linolenic acid.
Hodan oil is also produced naturally in the body and thought to have anti-inflammatory activity.

Hodan oil also contains mucilage, a sticky mixture of plant sugars that can act as an expectorant to produce phlegm in patients with coughs.
Hodan oil has been promoted for rheumatoid arthritis, skin inflammation, diabetic nerve pain, menopausal symptoms, and gastrointestinal issues, but research shows only moderate support for its use to relieve rheumatoid arthritis symptoms.

Hodan oil, derived from the seeds of the plant, is a rich source of gamma-linolenic acid and linoleic acid (LA).
In herbal and traditional medicine, Hodan oil has been used to induce sweating, as an expectorant and anti-inflammatory, to promote lactation, to stimulate adrenal function, and as an alternative source to evening primrose oil for obtaining GLA.
Hodan oil has also been promoted to treat rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, diabetic neuropathy, menopause-related symptoms, and gastrointestinal disease.

Anti-inflammatory properties of Hodan oil have been attributed to its high GLA content.
Hodan oil also contains other fatty acids including linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic, eicosenoic, and erucic acids.

GLA can be converted to the prostaglandin precursor dihomo-gama-linolenic acid.
DGLA can block transformation of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes and other prostaglandins.

GLA can increase cAMP levels which suppress synthesis of TNF-alpha, an inflammatory mediator linked to rheumatoid arthritis.
The mucilage constituent has an expectorant-like action and malic acid has a mild diuretic effect.
The tannin constituent may have mild astringent and constipating actions.

Hodan oil is an extract made from the seeds of the Borago officinalis plant.

Hodan oil is prized for its high gamma linolenic acid content.
Hodan oil’s thought that this fatty acid can help reduce inflammation tied to many diseases.

Hodan oil is one of the richest sources of essential fatty acids.
One of those fatty acids is gamma-linolenic acid, which helps nourish and hydrate the skin.
Hodan oil works well especially for those with sensitive or mature skin.

Borage, also known as starflower or bee flower, is a plant harvested mostly for its seeds.
Hodan oil’s an annual plant with coarse, hairy leaves.

Hodan oil grows 2 to 3 feet tall and has blue, star-shaped flowers.
The leaves and stems are a grey-green color.

In traditional medicine, borage is used as a sedative and a diuretic, and as a treatment for seizures and kidney disease.
The leaves are often used as dried herbs or tea.

Today, fresh borage is eaten and used as a garnish or in drinks.
The seeds are also pressed to make borage seed oil, which is used as a supplement.

Hodan oil is often used with evening primrose oil, but borage has more gamma-linoleic acid, or omega-6 fatty acid.

As a common herbal treatment in traditional medicine practices for hundreds of years, Hodan oil has numerous uses — ranging from treating skin flare-ups to lowering pain.
The most beneficial aspect of using Hodan oil, either topically on the skin or internally in capsule form, is that Hodan oil has strong anti-inflammatory effects.

Hodan oil is becoming increasingly popular as a natural anti-inflammatory supplement because it has one of the highest amounts of gamma-linolenic acid of all seed oils.
GLA is one type of omega-6 fatty acid that the body cannot make on its own, so we must get it from outside sources.

While to some degree we’re all able to convert other forms of omega-6 fatty acids (like the type found in nuts or seeds called conjugated linoleic acid) into GLA, Hodan oil’s preferable and more effective to consume it directly, including from dietary supplements.

Hodan oil is a natural substance that provides high levels GLA, which is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).
Hodan oil’s derived from the seeds of the borage plant, which has the species name Borago officinalis and is indigenous to North Africa and Europe.

Hodan oil is not found in high amounts in the human diet.
Therefore, most people turn to supplements to provide its benefits, including both Hodan oil and evening primrose oil.

Studies show that Hodan oil is made up of roughly 23 percent GLA, making it one of the richest sources. (As a comparison, evening primrose oil has about 9 percent)
This means that Hodan oil can be effective even when fewer capsules are taken daily, which also poses a lower risk for side effects.

Dietary supplements containing Hodan oil are thought to be helpful for treating inflammatory disorders because they help correct defective conversions of fats to metabolites, such prostaglandin E1.
When the body isn’t able to complete an important metabolic step that keeps certain enzymes at appropriate levels, it’s easier for inflammation, which is the root of most diseases, to dangerously increase over time.

Hodan oil is also thought to have circulation-boosting effects and a positive effect on metabolic processes.

Omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs play an important role in fighting disease because together they help control the release of molecules that are responsible for the body’s inflammation responses (some being prostaglandins, leukotrienes and cytokines called interleukins).

Due to Hodan oil's antioxidant properties and ability to fight inflammation, Hodan oil benefits include the ability to help treat a wide range of both short- and long-term illnesses, including:
PMS symptoms (including breast pain or tenderness, anxiety, and skin breakouts)
Bone loss and osteoporosis (especially when combined with bone-building supplements like omega-3 fish oils)
ADHD symptoms
Skin disorders, including eczema or atopic dermatitis
Menopause symptoms, including hot flashes and night sweats
Hormonal imbalances, including adrenal insufficiency
Ongoing fatigue or chronic fatigue syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis pain
Dealing with stress
Managing diabetes
Promoting breast-milk production
Respiratory distress (ARDS), bronchitis, colds, coughs and fevers
Alcoholism
Pain and swelling
Preventing heart disease and stroke

Several factors can interfere with your body’s production of Hodan oil from LA, including:
Ageing
Dietary deficiencies
Viral infections
Some diseases

Hodan oil benefits and uses:

Hodan oil is thought to hold promise for the following uses:
Inflammation
Acne
Breast pain
Cardiovascular disease
Eczema
Menopause
Rosacea
Arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Uses of Hodan oil:
Hodan oil is often used along with evening primrose or fish oil supplements to help manage inflammation and for their pain-reducing effects.
You might see these supplements sold together, such as in joint-supporting or anti-aging supplements.

Results can take several weeks up to several months to fully kick in, with some people needing up to six months for Hodan oil’s full pain-reducing benefits to become very noticeable.
In addition to being taken by mouth, Hodan oil is used on the skin to improve the skin’s barrier.
Hodan oil is also sometimes added to fortified infant formulas in order supply essential fats that assist in growth.

Cosmetic and Skincare Uses:

Moisturizer:
Hodan oil is used in lotions, creams, and serums to hydrate and soften the skin.
Helps maintain skin moisture and improve barrier function.

Anti-Inflammatory Treatment:
Incorporated into products for inflammatory skin conditions like eczema, psoriasis, and acne.
Reduces redness, irritation, and inflammation due to its high gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) content.

Skin Repair and Regeneration:
Added to products designed for skin repair and healing, such as after-sun care and wound healing treatments.
Supports skin regeneration and repair, improving overall skin texture and appearance.

Anti-Aging:
Included in anti-aging formulations to help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Provides essential fatty acids that support skin elasticity and firmness.

Hydrating and Soothing:
Hodan oil is used in facial oils and masks for dry or sensitive skin.
Soothes and hydrates, leaving the skin feeling smooth and refreshed.

Anti-Cellulite:
Found in body lotions and creams targeting cellulite.
Hodan oil may improve skin texture and elasticity, helping to reduce the appearance of cellulite.

Health and Wellness Uses:

Dietary Supplement:
Available in capsule or liquid form for oral consumption.
Provides essential fatty acids, particularly GLA, which may support cardiovascular health, hormonal balance, and overall wellness.

Joint and Muscle Health:
Hodan oil is used in supplements or topical products for joint and muscle relief.
Hodan oil may help reduce inflammation and support joint health.

Hormonal Balance:
Included in supplements aimed at supporting hormonal balance.
Hodan oil may help manage symptoms associated with hormonal imbalances, such as menstrual discomfort.

Immune Support:
Incorporated into health supplements to bolster immune function.
Supports immune health through Hodan oil's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

Hair Care Uses:

Hair Moisturizer:
Added to shampoos, conditioners, and hair masks.
Helps hydrate the scalp and improve hair texture, reducing dryness and brittleness.

Scalp Health:
Hodan oil is used in scalp treatments or oils.
Hodan oil may help soothe scalp irritation and support overall scalp health.

Benefits of Hodan oil:

Supplies Anti-Inflammatory Properties:
On top of supporting a healthy immune response, Hodan oil can have positive effects on cell death (apoptosis) of toxic cells.
Once it enters the body, Hodan oil is converted to a substance called dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA).
This acts as a precursor to prostaglandins and leukotriene compounds that the immune system produces.

DGLA is believed to lower inflammation because it inhibits leukotriene synthesis, which is partly responsible for raising autoimmune reactions and thrombotic effects.
People taking omega-3 fatty acids along with Hodan oil treatments seem to have even better results.

Has Antioxidant Properties that Help Fight Cancer:
Hodan oil is known to have anti-mutagenic properties and antioxidant capabilities that help fight the growth of cancerous cells.

In laboratory studies, Hodan oil has exhibited cytotoxic activities that significantly shorten the life span of toxic cells while prolonging the life span of the healthy host.
Hodan oil supplementation is also recommended for protecting DNA and because of its ability to lower underlying oxidative genetic damage that contributes to disease development.

Can Lower Arthritis Symptoms:
Hodan oil seems to work like a natural remedy for rheumatoid arthritis pain, especially when used in combination with other conventional painkilling medications.
There’s evidence that some people notice a decrease in joint pain, swelling and severity of tenderness following as little as six weeks of regular Hodan oil treatment.

Fights Eczema and Skin Disorders:
One of the most well-researched uses for Hodan oil is treating skin disorders like eczema and atopic dermatitis.

Hodan oil has been shown to help correct deficiencies in skin lipids (oils) that are caused by low levels of delta-6-desaturase activity.
Hodan oil can also restore a normal acidic skin pH and increased epidermal levels of enzymes that protect the skin.

When the skin can’t produce enough protective oils, the result is dysregulation of the immune system, increased inflammation and specific immune responses that result in skin flare-ups, including those typical of eczema and atopic dermatitis.

Because human skin can’t synthesize GLA from the precursors linoleic acid or arachidonic acid on its own, supplementing with Hodan oil helps act like a natural eczema remedy for people who are already too low in essential fatty acids critical to skin health.
While people with atopic dermatitis have most commonly used evening primrose for its beneficial fats, borage contains two to three times more GLA than evening primrose and therefore may be a better option.

While study results have been mixed, and not every study has shown that Hodan oil can improve eczema or atopic dermatitis in the majority of patients, certain people seem to respond more positively to treatment than others.
Some studies have found that people taking up to 720 milligrams daily of GLA for two months experienced significant improvements in health of the cutaneous skin barrier.

Helps Treat Respiratory Infections:
Hodan oil has been found to help improve the function of the lungs, including in people with inflamed respiratory infections and disorders such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
Hodan oil supplements taken in capsule form can help speed up healing time associated with coughs, the common cold or flu; reduce the length of time spent in the hospital or taking medications; and stop respiratory symptoms from worsening.

Aids Growth and Development:
There’s evidence that infants and premature babies receiving Hodan oil have better rates of growth and development.

Supplementing with omega-6s from Hodan oil (and beneficial omega-3 supplements) helps support development of the central nervous system and reduces risks associated with premature births.

Might Help Lower Fat Accumulation and Weight Gain:
There’s evidence that Hodan oil may contribute to less body fat accumulation compared to more refined fats.
Specifically, GLA results in more brown fat accumulation but less white fat.

This seems to be tied to an increase in gene expressions that control brown adipose tissue growth compared to white adipose tissue growth.
This is beneficial because scientists now believe that lean people tend to have more brown fat than overweight or obese people, and brown fat might act more like muscle than like white fat does.

Handling and Storage of Hodan oil:

Handling:

Precautions:
Avoid direct contact with skin and eyes. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles.
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large quantities to avoid inhalation of any fumes or vapors.
Follow good hygiene practices, such as washing hands after handling the oil.

Handling Practices:
Use clean, dry tools and containers when dispensing or transferring the oil.
Avoid contamination by keeping the oil covered and using clean utensils.

Storage:

Conditions:
Store in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and heat sources.
Ideal storage temperature is between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent oxidation and contamination.

Container:
Use airtight, light-resistant containers to protect the oil from light and air, which can lead to degradation.

Stability and Reactivity of Hodan oil:

Stability:
Hodan oil is generally stable under recommended storage conditions.
Ensure that the oil is protected from excessive heat, light, and air to maintain its quality.

Reactivity:

Conditions to Avoid:
Extreme temperatures, direct sunlight, and exposure to air.

Materials to Avoid:
Strong oxidizing agents and acids that may react with the oil.

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Thermal decomposition may produce harmful fumes.

First Aid Measures of Hodan oil:

Inhalation:
Move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If symptoms persist or if there is difficulty breathing, seek medical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing.
If irritation develops or persists, seek medical advice.

Eye Contact:
Rinse eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation persists or vision is affected.

Ingestion:
Rinse the mouth with water and do not induce vomiting unless directed by a medical professional.
Seek medical attention immediately, especially if large quantities were ingested.

Fire Fighting Measures of Hodan oil:

Suitable Extinguishing Media:
Use foam, dry chemical powder, carbon dioxide (CO₂), or water fog.

Special Fire Fighting Procedures:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective clothing.
Cool containers with water spray to prevent bursting in case of fire.

Unusual Fire and Explosion Hazards:
Combustible, may produce smoke or fumes when burning.
Ensure good ventilation in fire scenarios.

Accidental Release Measures of Hodan oil:

Personal Precautions:
Wear appropriate PPE, including gloves and safety goggles.
Avoid inhalation and contact with the skin.

Environmental Precautions:
Prevent the oil from entering drains, water sources, or soil. Contain spills to avoid environmental contamination.

Cleanup Methods:
Absorb the oil with inert materials like sand or vermiculite.
Collect the absorbed material and place it in suitable, labeled containers for disposal.
Clean the affected area with soap and water, and ensure proper ventilation.

Exposure Controls/Personal Protective Equipment of Hodan oil:

Occupational Exposure Limits:
No specific occupational exposure limits established for Hodan oil, but general good hygiene practices should be followed.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Respiratory Protection:
Not typically required under normal conditions; use if there is a risk of inhaling fumes or vapors.

Hand Protection:
Use gloves made of materials like nitrile or polyethylene to prevent skin contact.

Eye Protection:
Safety goggles or face shields if there is a risk of splashing.

Skin Protection:
Wear protective clothing if prolonged or repeated contact is anticipated.

Engineering Controls:
Ensure adequate ventilation in areas where Hodan oil is handled or used.
Use local exhaust ventilation if necessary to avoid the buildup of vapors or fumes.

Identifiers of Hodan oil:
Chemical Name: Hodan oil
INCI Name: Borago Officinalis Seed Oil
Common Names: Borage Seed Oil, Starflower Oil
CAS Number: 9005-26-7 (for Hodan oil)
EINECS Number: 232-287-5
Molecular Formula: Variable, as it is an oil mixture; primary components include GLA (C18H30O2), linoleic acid (C18H32O2), and oleic acid (C18H34O2)
Appearance: Typically a yellow to amber, clear to slightly cloudy liquid
Odor: Mild, characteristic of vegetable oils
Source: Extracted from the seeds of the Borago officinalis plant
Uses: Commonly used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and skin-repairing properties; also used in dietary supplements for its omega-6 fatty acids.

Properties of Hodan oil:
Color: Yellow to amber
Clarity: Clear to slightly cloudy
Scent: Mild, characteristic of vegetable oils
Viscosity: Typically low viscosity, oily liquid

Specific Gravity:
Range: Approximately 0.91 to 0.93 at 25°C

Refractive Index:
Range: Approximately 1.46 to 1.48 at 20°C

Acid Value:
Range: Typically ≤ 2.0 mg KOH/g

Peroxide Value:
Range: Typically ≤ 5.0 meq O₂/kg

Iodine Value:
Range: Approximately 130 to 150 g I₂/100 g

Saponification Value:
Range: Approximately 180 to 200 mg KOH/g

Fatty Acid Composition:

Gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA):
Content: Approximately 20-26%

Linoleic Acid:
Content: Approximately 30-40%

Oleic Acid:
Content: Approximately 20-25%

Palmitic Acid:
Content: Approximately 10-15%

Stearic Acid:
Content: Approximately 1-3%

Additional Properties:

Moisture Content:
Range: Typically ≤ 0.5%

Free Fatty Acids:
Range: Typically ≤ 1.0%

Ash Content:
Range: Typically ≤ 0.1%

Microbiological Properties:

Total Plate Count:
Range: Typically ≤ 1000 CFU/g

Yeast and Mold Count:
Range: Typically ≤ 100 CFU/g

Pathogens:
Tested For: Absence of harmful bacteria such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus
HOMBITAN AFDC 101

Hombitan AFDC 101, also known as CI 77891 or titanium dioxide, is a mineral-origin opacifying agent with a narrow particle size distribution.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is an uncoated anatase grade pigment that is specifically designed to improve the opacity and uniform coverage of premium cosmetic products.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is produced using enhanced crystal size control technology, allowing for precise tuning of particle size and distribution to suit specific cosmetic applications.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is a white, natural, identical color additive that can be used alone or in combination with other color pigments.

CAS Number: 13463-67-7
EC Number: 236-675-5



APPLICATIONS


Hombitan AFDC 101 is widely used as an opacifying agent in various cosmetic formulations.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is employed in foundations to improve coverage and create a smooth, flawless finish on the skin.

Hombitan AFDC 101 is incorporated into face powders to enhance their whiteness and color stability.
In BB creams and CC creams, Hombitan AFDC 101 helps to even out skin tone and provide a natural-looking complexion.

Concealers benefit from the addition of Hombitan AFDC 101 to camouflage blemishes and dark circles.
Tinted moisturizers use Hombitan AFDC 101 to provide a sheer tint of color and maintain moisturizing benefits.
Primers incorporate Hombitan AFDC 101 to minimize the appearance of pores and fine lines, creating a smooth canvas for makeup application.

Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in face serums to brighten the skin and even out skin tone.
Eye shadows benefit from Hombitan AFDC 101 to enhance color intensity and improve adhesion to the eyelids.
Blushes and bronzers use Hombitan AFDC 101 to provide vibrant color payoff and create a radiant complexion.
Lipsticks and lip balms incorporate Hombitan AFDC 101 to improve opacity and create a smooth and even application.

Mascara formulations benefit from the addition of Hombitan AFDC 101 to enhance the intensity and depth of black pigments.
Nail polishes utilize Hombitan AFDC 101 to provide whiteness, opacity, and color stability.
Body lotions incorporate Hombitan AFDC 101 to brighten the skin and even out skin tone on the body.

Sunscreens benefit from the pigment's UV protection and opacifying properties, ensuring effective coverage and sun protection.
Anti-aging creams use Hombitan AFDC 101 to visually reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by reflecting light.
Facial masks incorporate the pigment to provide a brightening effect and even out skin tone.
Corrective creams use Hombitan AFDC 101 to visually correct skin discolorations, such as redness or sallowness.

Body powders utilize the pigment to improve opacity, whiteness, and texture.
Setting powders benefit from Hombitan AFDC 101 to provide a matte finish and prolong the wear of makeup.
Shimmer products, such as highlighters and body glitters, incorporate the pigment to enhance their reflective properties and create a luminous effect.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in whitening creams and lotions to help even out skin tone and reduce the appearance of dark spots.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is employed in tinted sunscreens to provide both UV protection and a tinted coverage.

Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in compact powders to enhance the overall coverage and give a smooth, velvety texture to the skin.
Body oils and serums incorporate the pigment to add a subtle radiance and enhance the overall glow of the skin.


Here are some of its key applications:

Foundations:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in the formulation of foundations to provide opacity, enhance coverage, and create a smooth, flawless finish on the skin.

Face Powders:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is incorporated into face powders to improve the whiteness and color stability of the product, resulting in a natural-looking complexion.

BB Creams and CC Creams:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in BB creams and CC creams to enhance their coverage, blur imperfections, and achieve a uniform, even-toned appearance.

Concealers:
Hombitan AFDC 101 helps to camouflage blemishes, dark circles, and other skin imperfections when added to concealers.

Tinted Moisturizers:
Hombitan AFDC 101 can be used in tinted moisturizers to provide a sheer tint of color while maintaining the moisturizing benefits.

Primers:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is incorporated into primers to create a smooth canvas for makeup application, minimizing the appearance of pores and fine lines.

Face Serums:
Hombitan AFDC 101 can be added to face serums to provide a brightening effect and even out skin tone.

Eye Shadows:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in eye shadow formulations to enhance color intensity and improve adhesion to the eyelids.

Blushes and Bronzers:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is added to blushes and bronzers to provide color payoff, enhance vibrancy, and create a radiant complexion.

Lipsticks and Lip Balms:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in lip products to improve opacity, enhance color fidelity, and create a smooth and even application.

Mascara:
Hombitan AFDC 101 can be incorporated into mascara formulations to enhance the intensity and depth of black pigments.

Nail Polishes:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in nail polishes to provide whiteness, opacity, and color stability.

Body Lotions:
Hombitan AFDC 101 can be added to body lotions to provide a brightening effect and even out skin tone on the body.

Sunscreens:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in sunscreen formulations to provide both UV protection and opacity, ensuring effective coverage and sun protection.

Anti-aging Creams:
Hombitan AFDC 101 can be added to anti-aging creams to visually reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles by reflecting light.

Facial Masks:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is incorporated into facial masks to provide a brightening effect and even out skin tone.

Corrective Creams:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in corrective creams to visually correct skin discolorations, such as redness or sallowness.

Body Powders:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is added to body powders to improve their opacity, whiteness, and texture.

Setting Powders:
Hombitan AFDC 101 can be used in setting powders to provide a matte finish and prolong the wear of makeup.

Shimmer Products:
Hombitan AFDC 101 is used in shimmer products, such as highlighters and body glitters, to enhance their reflective properties and create a luminous effect.


Hombitan AFDC 101 is a high-purity, uncoated anatase grade of titanium dioxide.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is a white, crystalline powder with excellent opacity and brightness.

Hombitan AFDC 101 exhibits a narrow particle size distribution for precise formulation control.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is specifically designed for use in cosmetic applications.
Hombitan AFDC 101 acts as an opacifying agent, enhancing the coverage and uniformity of cosmetic products.

Hombitan AFDC 101 offers superior whiteness and color stability in formulations.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is made using an innovative crystal-size-control technology for optimized particle size and distribution.
Hombitan AFDC 101 has a low nano particle fraction, meeting stringent regulatory requirements.
Hombitan AFDC 101 disperses easily and quickly in various cosmetic formulations.

Hombitan AFDC 101 provides a smooth and even texture when incorporated into creams, lotions, and other cosmetic products.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is suitable for use in high-end cosmetic formulations, such as foundations and face powders.

Hombitan AFDC 101 imparts a natural, flawless appearance to the skin when used as a colorant.
Hombitan AFDC 101 offers excellent light-scattering properties, contributing to a soft-focus effect in cosmetics.
Hombitan AFDC 101 helps to reduce the visibility of fine lines, wrinkles, and skin imperfections.

Hombitan AFDC 101 is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients and formulation systems.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is resistant to heat, making it suitable for use in products requiring thermal stability.
Hombitan AFDC 101 has good chemical stability, ensuring long-lasting performance in cosmetic formulations.

Hombitan AFDC 101 is compliant with industry standards for quality, environmental, and health and safety management.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is widely used in the cosmetics, beauty, and personal care industries for its reliable performance.

Hombitan AFDC 101 can be used alone or in combination with other color pigments to achieve desired cosmetic effects.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is a trusted choice for formulators seeking low nano content in their titanium dioxide grades.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is well-suited for formulating products that require a low nano particle fraction.

Hombitan AFDC 101 provides excellent coverage and opacity, minimizing the visibility of underlying skin tones.
Hombitan AFDC 101 offers versatility and flexibility in cosmetic formulation, supporting various product textures and finishes.
Hombitan AFDC 101 meets the increasing demand for high-quality, low nano content titanium dioxide in the cosmetics and personal care market.



DESCRIPTION


Hombitan AFDC 101, also known as CI 77891 or titanium dioxide, is a mineral-origin opacifying agent with a narrow particle size distribution.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is an uncoated anatase grade pigment that is specifically designed to improve the opacity and uniform coverage of premium cosmetic products.

Hombitan AFDC 101 is produced using enhanced crystal size control technology, allowing for precise tuning of particle size and distribution to suit specific cosmetic applications.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is a white, natural, identical color additive that can be used alone or in combination with other color pigments.

Hombitan AFDC 101 is particularly suitable for use in aqueous systems such as creams, as it disperses rapidly into formulations.
Hombitan AFDC 101 finds application in a range of high-end cosmetic products including foundations, eye shadows, face powders, and lipsticks.

The pigment is compliant with various regulations and standards, including ISO 9001 for quality management, ISO 14001 for environmental management, ISO 18001 for health and safety management, and ECOCERT/COSMOS standards.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is also compliant with kosher and halal requirements.

For cosmetic, beauty, and personal care product manufacturers seeking titanium dioxide grades with low nano content, Hombitan AFDC 101 is a suitable option.
Hombitan AFDC 101 is a super pure grade with a scientifically proven nano particle fraction of less than 10% by number, making it one of the lowest nano threshold anatase pigments in the TiO2 industry.

The unique advantage of Hombitan AFDC 101 is its low nano concentration levels, surpassing traditional anatase TiO2 pigments.
This proprietary process allows for greater control over crystal size and particle distribution, enabling precise engineering of TiO2 within specific nano particle parameters to meet formulation requirements.

In the cosmetics industry, Hombitan AFDC 101 can be used as a white, natural-identical mineral colorant.
Its quick and easy dispersibility makes it convenient to use, and it contributes to achieving a flawless finish in cosmetic formulations.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: TiO2
Molecular Weight: 79.88 g/mol
Appearance: White powder
Crystal Structure: Anatase
Particle Size Distribution: Narrow distribution
Opacity: High opacifying power
Whiteness: Excellent whiteness
Dispersion: Good dispersion in cosmetic formulations
Stability: Stable under normal storage and handling conditions
Purity: High purity grade
Odor: Odorless
Solubility: Insoluble in water and most organic solvents
Refractive Index: 2.7-2.9
Density: 3.9 g/cm³
Melting Point: 1,843 °C (3,349 °F)
Boiling Point: > 2,972 °C (> 5,382 °F)
pH Value (10% Suspension): 6-8
Oil Absorption: Low oil absorption
Heat Resistance: Good heat resistance
Chemical Stability: Chemically stable under normal conditions
Photostability: Stable under exposure to light
UV Absorption: Exhibits UV-absorbing properties
Refractive Properties: High refractive index for light reflection
Rheological Properties: Can modify the rheology of cosmetic formulations
Non-Toxic: Considered safe for use in cosmetic and personal care products



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the person to fresh air immediately.
If the person is experiencing difficulty breathing, provide oxygen if available and seek medical attention.
If breathing has stopped, administer artificial respiration and seek immediate medical attention.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and rinse the affected area with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Wash the skin thoroughly with soap and water.
Seek medical attention if irritation or redness persists.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes immediately with gently flowing water for at least 15 minutes, while holding the eyelids open.
Remove contact lenses if easily removable during rinsing.
Seek medical attention if eye irritation or discomfort persists.


Ingestion:

If Hombitan AFDC 101 is accidentally swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and drink plenty of water to dilute the substance.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate protective equipment, including gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat or protective clothing, when handling Hombitan AFDC 101 to avoid direct skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Ensure proper ventilation in the working area to minimize the inhalation of dust or aerosols.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid breathing in the dust or aerosols generated during handling.
If necessary, use local exhaust ventilation or respiratory protection to prevent inhalation.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Minimize skin contact by wearing suitable protective gloves and clothing.
In case of skin contact, promptly wash the affected area with soap and water.

Eye Protection:
Wear safety goggles or a face shield to protect the eyes from direct contact with the product.
In case of eye contact, rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Prevent Contamination:
Take measures to prevent contamination of the product, such as using clean tools, containers, and equipment for handling and storage.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Hombitan AFDC 101. Wash hands thoroughly after handling.


Storage:

Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Store Hombitan AFDC 101 in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and other heat sources.

Temperature Control:
Maintain storage temperatures below 40°C (104°F) to ensure product stability.

Keep Containers Sealed:
Keep the original containers tightly closed to prevent moisture absorption and contamination.

Compatibility:
Store away from incompatible materials, such as strong acids, oxidizing agents, and reactive substances.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the product name, batch number, and any relevant safety information.

Separate from Food and Beverages:
Store Hombitan AFDC 101 away from food, beverages, and animal feed to prevent accidental contamination.

Follow Regulations:
Comply with local regulations and guidelines for the safe handling, storage, and disposal of the product.



SYNONYMS


Titanium(IV) oxide
Titania
Titanium white
CI 77891
E171
Titanium dioxide rutile
Pigment white 6
Titanium dioxide anatase
Titanyl oxide
Titanium oxide
Titanium peroxide
Titania white
Titanium(IV) dioxide
Titanium dioxide (nano)
Tio2
Rutile titanium dioxide
Anatase titanium dioxide
White pigment
Titanium white pigment
Rutile white
Anatase white
Micronized titanium dioxide
Ultrafine titanium dioxide
Nano titanium dioxide
High purity titanium dioxide
Pigment white 4
Titanium dioxide (rutile grade)
Titanium oxide white
Anatase titania
Titanium dioxide (anatase grade)
Rutile titania
Titanium(IV) oxide pigment
White titanium dioxide
TiO2
Titanium(IV) dioxide
Titanium white pigment
Micronized titania
Rutile titanium white
Anatase titanium white
Rutile titanium(IV) dioxide
Anatase titanium(IV) oxide
Titanium dioxide nanopowder
High-performance titanium dioxide
Nano-sized titanium dioxide
Pure titanium dioxide
Ultra-white titanium dioxide
Bright white pigment
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle
High-opacity titanium dioxide
Transparent titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
White pigment PW6
Rutile titanium white pigment
Anatase titanium white pigment
Titanium dioxide powder
Ultrafine titania
Nano-sized titania
Micron-sized titanium dioxide
Fine-grade titanium dioxide
High-opacity white pigment
High-purity titanium white
Rutile titanium(IV) oxide
Anatase titanium(IV) dioxide
Titanium oxide white powder
Rutile titania pigment
Anatase titania pigment
Titanium dioxide dispersion
Nanostructured titanium dioxide
Rutile white pigment
Anatase white pigment
High-performance titania
Ultra-bright titanium dioxide
Fine particle titanium dioxide
Transparent titanium white
Highly reflective titanium dioxide
HOMOMETHYL SALICYLATE
Homomenthyl Salicylate is a widely used chemical in sunscreens and skin care products with SPF.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is a potential endocrine disruptor and studies in cells suggest it may impact hormones.
In addition to direct health concerns following Homomenthyl Salicylate exposure, the chemical may also enhance the absorption of pesticides in the body.

CAS: 118-56-9
MF: C16H22O3
MW: 262.34
EINECS: 204-260-8

Homomenthyl Salicylate is an organic compound that belongs to a class of chemicals called salicylates.
Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
Homomenthyl Salicylate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.
Homomenthyl Salicylate can be used in water-resistance sunscreens.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is used for products with low and in combination with other UV filters which provide high sun protection factors.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is also an effective solubilizer for crystalline UV absorbers.

Homomenthyl Salicylate Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 161-165°C (12 torr)
Density: 1.05
Vapor pressure: 0.015Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20 1.516 to 1.518
Fp: 169 - 173℃
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly)
pka: 8.10±0.30(Predicted)
Form: neat
Color: Colourless
Odor: at 100.00?%. mild menthol
Water Solubility: BRN: 2731604
LogP: 6.27 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 118-56-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Homomenthyl Salicylate (118-56-9)
EPA Substance Registry System: Homomenthyl Salicylate (118-56-9)

Health Concerns
Endocrine Disruption: Homomenthyl Salicylate impacts the body’s hormone systems, and in particular, the estrogen system.
In human breast cancer cells, which grow and multiply in response to estrogen, Homomenthyl Salicylate exposure led to 3.5 times more cell growth and multiplication.
Some studies have identified the androgen and progesterone systems to be impacted by homosalate exposure.
The androgen and progesterone hormone systems are also affected by Homomenthyl Salicylate.
Although these findings have only been observed in cell cultures, caution should be exercised considering the role of these hormones in the regulation of development of reproductive organs.

The endocrine disrupting effects of Homomenthyl Salicylate are particularly concerning since homosalate and other cosmetic UV filters have been identified in human breast milk samples, and the estrogenic activity of Homomenthyl Salicylate has been observed in human placental tissues.
Gestation and infancy are both vulnerable periods of development when exposure to hormone-disrupting compounds can lead to adverse health effects.

Breast milk contamination may be quite common.
In one study of 54 mother-child pairs, 85.2% of the breast milk samples contained UV filters.
The mother’s use of UV filter-containing products during pregnancy and/or lactation was significantly correlated with the presence of these compounds in the milk.

Skin Absorption: Homomenthyl Salicylate is absorbed by the outer layer of the skin.
Commercially available sunscreens containing homosalate have been shown to enhance the amount of pesticides we absorb through our skin.
Increased absorption of the herbicide 2,4-D was found in mice wearing homosalate-containing sunscreens in combination with the potent insect repellent DEET.

Uses
Homomenthyl Salicylate used as a UV filter in various personal skin care formulations and cosmetics.
Homomenthyl Salicylate is a chemical uVB absorber included in the FDA’s Category I Sunscreen Chemical list.
Homomenthyl Salicylate's approved usage level is 4 to 15 percent by the FDA and 10 percent by the european union’s Cosmetic Directive.

Reactivity Profile
An ester and a phenol.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.

Synonyms
Homosalate
118-56-9
Homomenthyl salicylate
3,3,5-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYL SALICYLATE
Coppertone
Heliopan
Heliophan
Filtersol ''A''
3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
m-Homomenthyl salicylate
(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) 2-hydroxybenzoate
Homosalatum
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
Caswell No. 482B
Homosalato
Homosalatum [INN-Latin]
Homosalato [INN-Spanish]
52253-93-7
NSC 164918
CCRIS 4885
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
Salicylic acid, m-homomenthyl ester
Metahomomenthyl salicylate
Homosalate [USAN:INN]
EINECS 204-260-8
MFCD00019377
Salicylic Acid 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl Ester
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076603
NSC-164918
kemester
UNII-V06SV4M95S
Homosalate [USAN:USP:INN]
V06SV4M95S
DTXSID1026241
Salicylic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
NCGC00091888-01
EC 204-260-8
DTXCID606241
Salicylic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester (8CI)
Filtrosol A
component of Coppertone
SR-05000001884
Homosalat
Kemester HMS
CAS-118-56-9
HOMOSALATE [MI]
Homosalate (USP/INN)
HOMOSALATE [INN]
Prestwick1_001090
Prestwick2_001090
Prestwick3_001090
HOMOSALATE [INCI]
HOMOSALATE [USAN]
HOMOSALATE [MART.]
HOMOSALATE [USP-RS]
HOMOSALATE [WHO-DD]
SCHEMBL16207
BSPBio_001140
SPECTRUM1505020
SPBio_003030
BPBio1_001254
CHEMBL1377575
CHEBI:91642
HOMOSALATE [USP IMPURITY]
3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate
HMS1571I22
HMS2093G22
HMS2098I22
HMS3715I22
HOMOSALATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Pharmakon1600-01505020
component of Coppertone (Salt/Mix)
HY-B0928
Tox21_111174
Tox21_202109
Tox21_303082
LS-600
NSC164918
NSC758908
s4572
AKOS015904082
Tox21_111174_1
CCG-213330
DB11064
NSC-758908
NCGC00091888-02
NCGC00091888-03
NCGC00091888-04
NCGC00091888-05
NCGC00091888-06
NCGC00091888-09
NCGC00257063-01
NCGC00259658-01
AS-10409
SY051923
SBI-0206787.P001
AB00514041
FT-0614020
Salicylic acid,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
T2278
Benzoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
D04450
E78223
2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-OCTACHLOROBIPHENYL
AB00514041_02
EN300-7381967
A921433
J-519754
Q2260189
SR-05000001884-1
SR-05000001884-2
BRD-A34751532-001-03-6
BRD-A34751532-001-04-4
2-hydroxybenzoic acid (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) ester
BENZOATE, 2-HYDROXY-, 3,3,5-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYL
Homosalate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Homosalate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
HOMOPOLYMER MALEIC ACID
Homopolymer maleic acid is a very efficient calcium carbonate antiscalant showing excellent performance in high temperature as well as high alkaline cooling water systems.
Due to Homopolymer maleic acid's good scale inhibition and high temperature tolerance properties, Homopolymer maleic acid is used in water desalination plants.
Homopolymer maleic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates are used alone.

CAS Number: 26099-09-2
EC Number: 607-861-7
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4;HOOCCH=CHCOOH;C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07g/mol

Synonyms: 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, homopolymer, Accent T 1107, Acumer 4200, Aron A 6510, Bel 200 premix, Belclene 200, Belclene 200LA, Belclene 710, Dequest P 9000, Dp 3328, Hpma, Hydrolized polymaleic anhydride, Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride, Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride, Maleic acid homopolymer, Maleic acid polymer, Maleic acid, polymers, Nonpol PMA 50W, Nonpol PWA 50W, ​Polymaleic acid, PolymaleicacidAq, Sh 150, HPMA, ​Polymaleic acid, PolymaleicacidAq, Poly(maleic acid), POLY(MALEIC ACID), MALEIC ACID POLYMER, Maleic Acdi ( homopolymer ), Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride, Hydrolized polymaleic anhydride, Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride, hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, (z)-2-butenedioic acid homopolymer

Homopolymer maleic acid is the homopolymer of Maleic acid.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is a very efficient calcium carbonate antiscalant showing excellent performance in high temperature as well as high alkaline cooling water systems.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is stable in presence of chlorine or other oxidizing biocides.
Due to ​​Homopolymer maleic acid good scale inhibition and high temperature tolerance properties, ​Homopolymer maleic acid is used in water desalination plants.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid does also perform as corrosion inhibitor when being combined with zinc salts.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is a maleic acid homo polymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.

​Homopolymer maleic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates used alone.
​Homopolymer maleic acid is compatible with quaternary ammonium compounds, while not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides under normal use conditions.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is a polycarboxylic acid type organic compound, which is resistant to high temperature and can chelate calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. in water.
Good thermal stability, use PH range, wide water hardness, is an excellent scale inhibitor.

​Homopolymer maleic acid, as a low-cost and excellent green water treatment agent, has become an important member of high-efficiency water-soluble scale inhibitor and dispersant.
Especially under harsh environmental conditions such as high temperature, high pH value, high alkalinity, high hardness, etc., ​Homopolymer maleic acid has a significant scale inhibition effect on calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc., which is not general polypropylene acids and other organic copolymerization The dispersant can reach.
At the same time, ​Homopolymer maleic acid has low toxicity, no carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and is often used as a water treatment agent for circulating cooling water, low-pressure boiler water, and anti-scaling treatment for oilfield water injection, crude oil dehydration and other systems.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is a polyelectrolyte, also known as anti-scale agent H-1, ​Homopolymer maleic acid, which is produced by maleic anhydride Polyhydrolysis or hydrolysis polymerization.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is a brown-red viscous liquid at room temperature.

Easily soluble in water, each carbon atom on the polymer chain has a high potential charge.
Therefore, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid polyelectrolyte properties are different from polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.

When dropping with LiOH, NaOH, KOH or (CH3)4NOH, only half of the carboxyl group of the total acid is neutralized, and the properties are different from polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.
When LiOH, NaOH, KOH or (CH3)4NOH curve is used, there is only one jump at the half-sum point.

Therefore, in terms of potentiometric titration, ​Homopolymer maleic acid is often regarded as a unit acid.
​Homopolymer maleic acid and maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymers can be used to treat calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate powders.

The surface modification of calcium carbonate can improve the stability of calcium carbonate in organic or inorganic phase (system), improve the dispersibility of these powders in solution, and prevent the agglomeration of particles.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is prepared by polymerization and hydrolysis of maleic anhydride under the action of a catalyst.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is mainly used for scale and corrosion inhibition of steam locomotive boilers, industrial low-pressure boilers, internal combustion engine cooling water systems, seawater desalination, seawater potassium extraction, heat exchange systems, oil field oil pipelines and tank return systems.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is a drug that inhibits the activity of maleate, hydrogen tartrate, and benzalkonium chloride.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is used as an active inhibitor in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria.

​Homopolymer maleic acid has been shown to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The long-term toxicity studies on rats have shown no evidence of carcinogenicity or other adverse effects.
​Homopolymer maleic acid has also been shown to bind to the rate constant for polymerase chain reactions, which may result in inhibition of bacterial growth.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is the homopolymer of maleic acid.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is very stable in presence of chlorine and other oxidizing biocides.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid has good scale inhibition and high temperature resistance properties.
Therefore, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used in the water desalination plants.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is also an excellent calcium carbonate antiscalant upon high temperature and in the high alkaline cooling water systems.
In addition, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used in combination with zinc salts as a corrosion inhibitor.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid can also be used as concrete additive and for crude oil evaporation.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be manufactured through the polymerization of maleic anhydride I an aromatic hydrocarbon upon 60° to 200° C.

A relatively homogenous and easily synthesized polymer, ​Homopolymer maleic acid, was studied to ascertain ​​Homopolymer maleic acid suitability as a model compound for humic substances.
Physical and chemical properties of ​Homopolymer maleic acid were measured by UV/VIS, Fourier-transform infrared, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, high pressure size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analyses to elucidate the structural characteristics of ​Homopolymer maleic acid and aquatic humic substances.

In terms of size, polydispersity, elemental composition, and infrared spectra, ​Homopolymer maleic acid most closely resembles fulvic acids derived primarily from terrestrial sources.
Molar absorptivity (measured at 280 nm) and 13C NMR spectroscopic data, however, show that ​Homopolymer maleic acid exhibits significantly less aromaticity than fulvic materials of similar size.

In general, terrestrially derived aquatic fulvic acids possess larger percentages of aromatic carbons than either ​Homopolymer maleic acid or the lacustrine and subsurface fulvic acids.
13C NMR spectra also show that aliphatic II and acetal carbons, present in several aquatic fulvic acids, are absent in ​Homopolymer maleic acid.

Furthermore, the carboxyl carbon content of ​Homopolymer maleic acid is significantly higher than that of all the humic materials used in this study.
Based on these results, ​Homopolymer maleic acid does not resemble a unique humic substance, but rather appears to possess chemical properties common to humic materials from diverse sources.

Applications of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Cooling water systems / industrial water treatment
Concrete additive
Water desalination
Crude oil evaporation

Uses of Homopolymer maleic acid:
​​Homopolymer maleic acid has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, and has obvious solubility limit effect when pH value is 8.3.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can chelate calcium and magnesium plasma in water and has lattice distortion ability, which can improve the fluidity of sludge.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is especially suitable for scale inhibition in high-temperature water systems such as boiler water.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used as oil field water pipeline, circulating cooling water system and flash seawater desalination and other sediment inhibitors, scale inhibitors, etc., can also be used as a basic industrial detergent

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is efficient scale inhibitor.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is mainly used in low-pressure boilers, industrial circulating cooling water systems, oil pipeline, crude oil dehydration and flash seawater desalination and other aspects of the scale inhibitor, and can be used as the main component of advanced cleaning agents, but also can be used as textile rinsing agent, reduces the ash content of textiles.

​Homopolymer maleic acid still has good scale inhibition and dispersion effect on carbonate below 300 ℃, and the scale inhibition time can reach COOH.
Due to the excellent scale inhibition performance and high temperature resistance of ​Homopolymer maleic acid, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid is widely used in the flash unit of seawater desalination and in the low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil dehydration, water transfer pipeline and industrial circulating cooling water.

In addition, ​Homopolymer maleic acid has a certain corrosion inhibition effect, and the effect of compound with zinc salt is better, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of carbon steel.
​Homopolymer maleic acid is usually (1~15)× 10-6 and organic phosphate compound, for circulating cooling water, oil field water injection, crude oil dehydration treatment and low pressure boiler furnace treatment, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid has a good effect of inhibiting scale formation and stripping old scale, and the scale inhibition rate can reach 98%.

​Homopolymer maleic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates used alone.
​Homopolymer maleic acid is compatible with quaternary ammonium compounds, while not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides under normal use conditions.

​Homopolymer maleic acid cocoa is used for scale inhibition of industrial circulating cooling water, oil field water pipelines and boiler water.
Desalination and scale prevention of seawater by flash evaporation.
And used as an ingredient in advanced cleaning agents.

The general dosage is 1-5PPM.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used for oil field water pipelines, steam locomotive boilers, medium and low pressure boilers, seawater desalination, circulating cooling water, and scale inhibitor and dispersant.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid can also be used as a textile cleaning agent.
General dosage 2 × 10-6~10-5.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is used as scale inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor in steam locomotive, industrial boiler water, cold water, and oil field water injection treatment.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is a high-efficiency scale inhibitor, mainly used in low-pressure boilers, industrial circulating cooling water systems, oil field water pipelines, crude oil dehydration, etc.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, and has obvious pH value when 8.3.
The solubility limit effect can chelate with calcium and magnesium plasma in water and have lattice distortion ability, which can improve the fluidity of sludge.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is especially suitable for scale inhibition of high warm water systems such as boiler water.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used as a sediment inhibitor, scale inhibitor, etc. for oilfield water pipelines, circulating cooling water systems, and flash evaporation seawater desalination.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can also be used as an alkaline industrial cleaner with.

Properties of Homopolymer maleic acid:
​Homopolymer maleic acid is a solvent-based maleic acid hopolymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.

Nature of Homopolymer maleic acid:
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is transparent liquid.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is soluble in water, chemical stability and high thermal stability, decomposition temperature of 330.

50% of the aqueous solution is light yellow viscous liquid, density is greater than or equal to 1.
2g/cm3,pH value is 1~2.
​Homopolymer maleic acid is a low molecular weight polyelectrolyte, non-toxic, soluble in water, high chemical and thermal stability, decomposition temperature above 330 ℃.

Preparation Method of Homopolymer maleic acid:
The polymerization was initiated in the presence of benzoyl peroxide with maleic anhydride as a raw material and toluene as a solvent.

Synthesis Method of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Add a certain amount of maleic anhydride and water to a 1000m four-mouth flask equipped with thermometer, stirrer, reflux condenser and constant pressure drop funnel, and raise the temperature to 60 ℃.
After the maleic anhydride is completely dissolved, add an appropriate amount of catalyst and self-made auxiliary AXL, start the stirrer and raise the temperature to the set temperature at the same time, control a certain reaction temperature, and add the initiator within a certain period of time through a constant pressure drop funnel.
After dropping, continue the heat preservation reaction for 2h to obtain ​Homopolymer maleic acid products.

Production Method of Homopolymer maleic acid:
200 parts maleic anhydride, 80 parts water and one part catalyst are added into the kettle.
After heating and reflux, 100 parts of hydrogen peroxide are added dropwise at 100~120 ℃.

After the reaction, heat and reflux for 30 min to obtain a clear and transparent brown-yellow hydrolyzed product.
Using water as solvent and maleic acid rod as monomer in the presence of initiator for polymerization.
See hydrolyzed ​Homopolymer maleic acid rod for details.

Handling and storage of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Precautions for safe handling:
Ensure good ventilation of the work station. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Wear personal protective equipment.

Hygiene measures:
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using ​​Homopolymer maleic acid.
Always wash hands after handling ​​Homopolymer maleic acid.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 °C/ 122 °F.
Protect from sunlight.

Store in original container or corrosive resistant and/or lined container.
Store in corrosive resistant container with a resistant inner liner.

Keep only in original container.
Store in a well-ventilated place.
Keep cool.

Incompatible materials:
Metals.

Shelf Life of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Under proper storage conditions, the shelf life is 12 months

Stability and reactivity of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Reactivity:
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Chemical stability:
Stable under normal conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No dangerous reactions known under normal conditions of use.

Conditions to avoid:
None under recommended storage and handling conditions.

Incompatible materials:
Strong bases.
Oxidizing agent.
May be corrosive to metals. metals.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition products should not be produced.

First Aid Measures of Homopolymer maleic acid:

After inhalation:
Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

After skin contact:
Wash skin with plenty of water.

After eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

If eye irritation persists:
Get medical advice/attention.

After ingestion:
Call a poison center/doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

Most important symptoms and effects (acute and delayed):

Symptoms/effects after eye contact:
Eye irritation.

Immediate medical attention and special treatment, if necessary:
Treat symptomatically.

Fire-fighting Measures of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray.
Dry powder.

Foam.
Carbon dioxide.

Specific hazards arising from the chemical:

Reactivity:
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters:

Protection during firefighting:
Do not attempt to take action without suitable protective equipment.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Complete protective clothing.

Accidental release measures of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Emergency procedures:
Ventilate spillage area.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Protective equipment:
Do not attempt to take action without suitable protective equipment.

Environmental precautions
Avoid release to the environment.

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:

Methods for cleaning up:
Take up liquid spill into absorbent material.

Other information:
Dispose of materials or solid residues at an authorized site.

Identifiers of Homopolymer maleic acid:
CAS No.:26099-09-2
Chemical Name: ​Homopolymer maleic acid
CBNumber: CB5491823
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07
MDL Number: MFCD00284278

Formula: (C4H4O4)n
CAS No.: 26099-09-2
EC No.: n/a

CAS No: [26099-09-2]
Product Code: FP45020
MDL No: MFCD00284278
Chemical Formula: (C4H4O4)n
Smiles: C(=C\C(=O)O)\C(=O)O
Density: 1.23 g/cm3
Flash Point: 100 °C
Storage: store at 10°C - 25°C, close container well
UN Number: UN3265
Pack Group: II
Class: 8

EC / List no.: 607-861-7
CAS no.: 26099-09-2

Properties of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Density: 1.18 (48% aq.)
Flash point: 95 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4;HOOCCH=CHCOOH;C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07g/mol
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 116.010959g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.010959g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 119
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Color/Form: Monoclinic prisms from water; White crystals from water, alcohol and benzene; Colorless crystals
Odor: Faint acidulous odor
Boiling Point: 275 °F at 760 mm Hg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molar Mass: 116.07
Density: 1.18 (48% aq.)
Flash Point: 95 °C
Storage Condition: 2-8°C

Specifications of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Appearance: Amber liquid
Solid content %: 48-52
pH (as it): 2.0 max
Density (20℃, g/cm3 ): 1.16-1.22

Related Products of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Dimethyl 2-Hydroxyisophthalate
2,6-Dimethyl-4-hydroxypyridine
1-(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-methanediamine
(contains Tris(dimethylamino) Methane and N,N- Dimethylformamide Di-tert-butyl Acetal) (Technical Grade)
(E)-6,6-Dimethylhept-2-en-4-yn-1-ol
Dimethyl Chlorothiophosphate

Names of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Regulatory process names:
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer

IUPAC names:
(2R,3R)-2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer
2‐Butenedioic acid (2Z)‐, homopolymer
ACIDO POLIMALEICO
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
POLY(MALEIC ACID)
Poly(maleic acid)
poly(maleic acid)
​Polymaleic acid
​Polymaleic acid
​Polymaleic acid

Other names:
HPMA
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride (HPMA)
MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHITE

Other identifier:
26099-09-2
HOMOPOLYMER MALEIC ACID
Homopolymer maleic acid is a very efficient calcium carbonate antiscalant showing excellent performance in high temperature as well as high alkaline cooling water systems.
Due to Homopolymer maleic acid's good scale inhibition and high temperature tolerance properties, Homopolymer maleic acid is used in water desalination plants.
Homopolymer maleic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates are used alone.

CAS Number: 26099-09-2
EC Number: 607-861-7
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4;HOOCCH=CHCOOH;C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07g/mol

Synonyms: 2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer, 2-Butenedioic acid (Z)-, homopolymer, Accent T 1107, Acumer 4200, Aron A 6510, Bel 200 premix, Belclene 200, Belclene 200LA, Belclene 710, Dequest P 9000, Dp 3328, Hpma, Hydrolized polymaleic anhydride, Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride, Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride, Maleic acid homopolymer, Maleic acid polymer, Maleic acid, polymers, Nonpol PMA 50W, Nonpol PWA 50W, ​Polymaleic acid, PolymaleicacidAq, Sh 150, HPMA, ​Polymaleic acid, PolymaleicacidAq, Poly(maleic acid), POLY(MALEIC ACID), MALEIC ACID POLYMER, Maleic Acdi ( homopolymer ), Hydrolysed Polymaleic Anhydride, Hydrolized polymaleic anhydride, Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride, hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride, (z)-2-butenedioic acid homopolymer

Homopolymer maleic acid is the homopolymer of Maleic acid.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is a very efficient calcium carbonate antiscalant showing excellent performance in high temperature as well as high alkaline cooling water systems.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is stable in presence of chlorine or other oxidizing biocides.
Due to ​​Homopolymer maleic acid good scale inhibition and high temperature tolerance properties, ​Homopolymer maleic acid is used in water desalination plants.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid does also perform as corrosion inhibitor when being combined with zinc salts.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is a maleic acid homo polymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.

​Homopolymer maleic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates used alone.
​Homopolymer maleic acid is compatible with quaternary ammonium compounds, while not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides under normal use conditions.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is a polycarboxylic acid type organic compound, which is resistant to high temperature and can chelate calcium, magnesium, iron, etc. in water.
Good thermal stability, use PH range, wide water hardness, is an excellent scale inhibitor.

​Homopolymer maleic acid, as a low-cost and excellent green water treatment agent, has become an important member of high-efficiency water-soluble scale inhibitor and dispersant.
Especially under harsh environmental conditions such as high temperature, high pH value, high alkalinity, high hardness, etc., ​Homopolymer maleic acid has a significant scale inhibition effect on calcium carbonate, calcium sulfate, etc., which is not general polypropylene acids and other organic copolymerization The dispersant can reach.
At the same time, ​Homopolymer maleic acid has low toxicity, no carcinogenic and teratogenic effects, and is often used as a water treatment agent for circulating cooling water, low-pressure boiler water, and anti-scaling treatment for oilfield water injection, crude oil dehydration and other systems.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is a polyelectrolyte, also known as anti-scale agent H-1, ​Homopolymer maleic acid, which is produced by maleic anhydride Polyhydrolysis or hydrolysis polymerization.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is a brown-red viscous liquid at room temperature.

Easily soluble in water, each carbon atom on the polymer chain has a high potential charge.
Therefore, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid polyelectrolyte properties are different from polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.

When dropping with LiOH, NaOH, KOH or (CH3)4NOH, only half of the carboxyl group of the total acid is neutralized, and the properties are different from polyacrylic acid or polymethacrylic acid.
When LiOH, NaOH, KOH or (CH3)4NOH curve is used, there is only one jump at the half-sum point.

Therefore, in terms of potentiometric titration, ​Homopolymer maleic acid is often regarded as a unit acid.
​Homopolymer maleic acid and maleic acid-acrylic acid copolymers can be used to treat calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate powders.

The surface modification of calcium carbonate can improve the stability of calcium carbonate in organic or inorganic phase (system), improve the dispersibility of these powders in solution, and prevent the agglomeration of particles.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is prepared by polymerization and hydrolysis of maleic anhydride under the action of a catalyst.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is mainly used for scale and corrosion inhibition of steam locomotive boilers, industrial low-pressure boilers, internal combustion engine cooling water systems, seawater desalination, seawater potassium extraction, heat exchange systems, oil field oil pipelines and tank return systems.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is a drug that inhibits the activity of maleate, hydrogen tartrate, and benzalkonium chloride.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is used as an active inhibitor in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by bacteria.

​Homopolymer maleic acid has been shown to be effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The long-term toxicity studies on rats have shown no evidence of carcinogenicity or other adverse effects.
​Homopolymer maleic acid has also been shown to bind to the rate constant for polymerase chain reactions, which may result in inhibition of bacterial growth.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is the homopolymer of maleic acid.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is very stable in presence of chlorine and other oxidizing biocides.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid has good scale inhibition and high temperature resistance properties.
Therefore, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used in the water desalination plants.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is also an excellent calcium carbonate antiscalant upon high temperature and in the high alkaline cooling water systems.
In addition, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used in combination with zinc salts as a corrosion inhibitor.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid can also be used as concrete additive and for crude oil evaporation.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be manufactured through the polymerization of maleic anhydride I an aromatic hydrocarbon upon 60° to 200° C.

A relatively homogenous and easily synthesized polymer, ​Homopolymer maleic acid, was studied to ascertain ​​Homopolymer maleic acid suitability as a model compound for humic substances.
Physical and chemical properties of ​Homopolymer maleic acid were measured by UV/VIS, Fourier-transform infrared, and 13C NMR spectroscopy, high pressure size exclusion chromatography, and elemental analyses to elucidate the structural characteristics of ​Homopolymer maleic acid and aquatic humic substances.

In terms of size, polydispersity, elemental composition, and infrared spectra, ​Homopolymer maleic acid most closely resembles fulvic acids derived primarily from terrestrial sources.
Molar absorptivity (measured at 280 nm) and 13C NMR spectroscopic data, however, show that ​Homopolymer maleic acid exhibits significantly less aromaticity than fulvic materials of similar size.

In general, terrestrially derived aquatic fulvic acids possess larger percentages of aromatic carbons than either ​Homopolymer maleic acid or the lacustrine and subsurface fulvic acids.
13C NMR spectra also show that aliphatic II and acetal carbons, present in several aquatic fulvic acids, are absent in ​Homopolymer maleic acid.

Furthermore, the carboxyl carbon content of ​Homopolymer maleic acid is significantly higher than that of all the humic materials used in this study.
Based on these results, ​Homopolymer maleic acid does not resemble a unique humic substance, but rather appears to possess chemical properties common to humic materials from diverse sources.

Applications of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Cooling water systems / industrial water treatment
Concrete additive
Water desalination
Crude oil evaporation

Uses of Homopolymer maleic acid:
​​Homopolymer maleic acid has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, and has obvious solubility limit effect when pH value is 8.3.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can chelate calcium and magnesium plasma in water and has lattice distortion ability, which can improve the fluidity of sludge.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is especially suitable for scale inhibition in high-temperature water systems such as boiler water.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used as oil field water pipeline, circulating cooling water system and flash seawater desalination and other sediment inhibitors, scale inhibitors, etc., can also be used as a basic industrial detergent

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is efficient scale inhibitor.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is mainly used in low-pressure boilers, industrial circulating cooling water systems, oil pipeline, crude oil dehydration and flash seawater desalination and other aspects of the scale inhibitor, and can be used as the main component of advanced cleaning agents, but also can be used as textile rinsing agent, reduces the ash content of textiles.

​Homopolymer maleic acid still has good scale inhibition and dispersion effect on carbonate below 300 ℃, and the scale inhibition time can reach COOH.
Due to the excellent scale inhibition performance and high temperature resistance of ​Homopolymer maleic acid, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid is widely used in the flash unit of seawater desalination and in the low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil dehydration, water transfer pipeline and industrial circulating cooling water.

In addition, ​Homopolymer maleic acid has a certain corrosion inhibition effect, and the effect of compound with zinc salt is better, which can effectively prevent the corrosion of carbon steel.
​Homopolymer maleic acid is usually (1~15)× 10-6 and organic phosphate compound, for circulating cooling water, oil field water injection, crude oil dehydration treatment and low pressure boiler furnace treatment, ​​Homopolymer maleic acid has a good effect of inhibiting scale formation and stripping old scale, and the scale inhibition rate can reach 98%.

​Homopolymer maleic acid has better performance when combined with phosphonates than when phosphonates used alone.
​Homopolymer maleic acid is compatible with quaternary ammonium compounds, while not affected by chlorine or other oxidizing biocides under normal use conditions.

​Homopolymer maleic acid cocoa is used for scale inhibition of industrial circulating cooling water, oil field water pipelines and boiler water.
Desalination and scale prevention of seawater by flash evaporation.
And used as an ingredient in advanced cleaning agents.

The general dosage is 1-5PPM.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used for oil field water pipelines, steam locomotive boilers, medium and low pressure boilers, seawater desalination, circulating cooling water, and scale inhibitor and dispersant.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid can also be used as a textile cleaning agent.
General dosage 2 × 10-6~10-5.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is used as scale inhibitor and corrosion inhibitor in steam locomotive, industrial boiler water, cold water, and oil field water injection treatment.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is a high-efficiency scale inhibitor, mainly used in low-pressure boilers, industrial circulating cooling water systems, oil field water pipelines, crude oil dehydration, etc.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid has high chemical stability and temperature resistance, and has obvious pH value when 8.3.
The solubility limit effect can chelate with calcium and magnesium plasma in water and have lattice distortion ability, which can improve the fluidity of sludge.

​​Homopolymer maleic acid is especially suitable for scale inhibition of high warm water systems such as boiler water.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can be used as a sediment inhibitor, scale inhibitor, etc. for oilfield water pipelines, circulating cooling water systems, and flash evaporation seawater desalination.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid can also be used as an alkaline industrial cleaner with.

Properties of Homopolymer maleic acid:
​Homopolymer maleic acid is a solvent-based maleic acid hopolymer, with obvious threshold inhibition and crystal modification, and average molecular weight around 1000.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is the superior calcium carbonate inhibitor in high hardness, high alkalinity, and high temperature severe water conditions and a multifunctional formulation support agent in industrial water systems and other related applications.

​Homopolymer maleic acid is widely used in desalination plant of flash vaporization equipment, low pressure boiler, steam locomotive, crude oil evaporation, petroleum pipeline, and industrial circulating cool water systems.

Nature of Homopolymer maleic acid:
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is transparent liquid.
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is soluble in water, chemical stability and high thermal stability, decomposition temperature of 330.

50% of the aqueous solution is light yellow viscous liquid, density is greater than or equal to 1.
2g/cm3,pH value is 1~2.
​Homopolymer maleic acid is a low molecular weight polyelectrolyte, non-toxic, soluble in water, high chemical and thermal stability, decomposition temperature above 330 ℃.

Preparation Method of Homopolymer maleic acid:
The polymerization was initiated in the presence of benzoyl peroxide with maleic anhydride as a raw material and toluene as a solvent.

Synthesis Method of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Add a certain amount of maleic anhydride and water to a 1000m four-mouth flask equipped with thermometer, stirrer, reflux condenser and constant pressure drop funnel, and raise the temperature to 60 ℃.
After the maleic anhydride is completely dissolved, add an appropriate amount of catalyst and self-made auxiliary AXL, start the stirrer and raise the temperature to the set temperature at the same time, control a certain reaction temperature, and add the initiator within a certain period of time through a constant pressure drop funnel.
After dropping, continue the heat preservation reaction for 2h to obtain ​Homopolymer maleic acid products.

Production Method of Homopolymer maleic acid:
200 parts maleic anhydride, 80 parts water and one part catalyst are added into the kettle.
After heating and reflux, 100 parts of hydrogen peroxide are added dropwise at 100~120 ℃.

After the reaction, heat and reflux for 30 min to obtain a clear and transparent brown-yellow hydrolyzed product.
Using water as solvent and maleic acid rod as monomer in the presence of initiator for polymerization.
See hydrolyzed ​Homopolymer maleic acid rod for details.

Handling and storage of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Precautions for safe handling:
Ensure good ventilation of the work station. Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
Wear personal protective equipment.

Hygiene measures:
Do not eat, drink or smoke when using ​​Homopolymer maleic acid.
Always wash hands after handling ​​Homopolymer maleic acid.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Do not expose to temperatures exceeding 50 °C/ 122 °F.
Protect from sunlight.

Store in original container or corrosive resistant and/or lined container.
Store in corrosive resistant container with a resistant inner liner.

Keep only in original container.
Store in a well-ventilated place.
Keep cool.

Incompatible materials:
Metals.

Shelf Life of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Under proper storage conditions, the shelf life is 12 months

Stability and reactivity of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Reactivity:
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Chemical stability:
Stable under normal conditions.

Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No dangerous reactions known under normal conditions of use.

Conditions to avoid:
None under recommended storage and handling conditions.

Incompatible materials:
Strong bases.
Oxidizing agent.
May be corrosive to metals. metals.

Hazardous decomposition products:
Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous decomposition products should not be produced.

First Aid Measures of Homopolymer maleic acid:

After inhalation:
Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.

After skin contact:
Wash skin with plenty of water.

After eye contact:
Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do.
Continue rinsing.

If eye irritation persists:
Get medical advice/attention.

After ingestion:
Call a poison center/doctor/physician if you feel unwell.

Most important symptoms and effects (acute and delayed):

Symptoms/effects after eye contact:
Eye irritation.

Immediate medical attention and special treatment, if necessary:
Treat symptomatically.

Fire-fighting Measures of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water spray.
Dry powder.

Foam.
Carbon dioxide.

Specific hazards arising from the chemical:

Reactivity:
​​Homopolymer maleic acid is non-reactive under normal conditions of use, storage and transport.

Special protective equipment and precautions for fire-fighters:

Protection during firefighting:
Do not attempt to take action without suitable protective equipment.
Self-contained breathing apparatus.
Complete protective clothing.

Accidental release measures of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Emergency procedures:
Ventilate spillage area.
Avoid contact with skin and eyes.

Protective equipment:
Do not attempt to take action without suitable protective equipment.

Environmental precautions
Avoid release to the environment.

Methods and material for containment and cleaning up:

Methods for cleaning up:
Take up liquid spill into absorbent material.

Other information:
Dispose of materials or solid residues at an authorized site.

Identifiers of Homopolymer maleic acid:
CAS No.:26099-09-2
Chemical Name: ​Homopolymer maleic acid
CBNumber: CB5491823
Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07
MDL Number: MFCD00284278

Formula: (C4H4O4)n
CAS No.: 26099-09-2
EC No.: n/a

CAS No: [26099-09-2]
Product Code: FP45020
MDL No: MFCD00284278
Chemical Formula: (C4H4O4)n
Smiles: C(=C\C(=O)O)\C(=O)O
Density: 1.23 g/cm3
Flash Point: 100 °C
Storage: store at 10°C - 25°C, close container well
UN Number: UN3265
Pack Group: II
Class: 8

EC / List no.: 607-861-7
CAS no.: 26099-09-2

Properties of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Density: 1.18 (48% aq.)
Flash point: 95 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4;HOOCCH=CHCOOH;C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07g/mol
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 116.010959g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 116.010959g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 119
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Color/Form: Monoclinic prisms from water; White crystals from water, alcohol and benzene; Colorless crystals
Odor: Faint acidulous odor
Boiling Point: 275 °F at 760 mm Hg (decomposes) (NTP, 1992)

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molar Mass: 116.07
Density: 1.18 (48% aq.)
Flash Point: 95 °C
Storage Condition: 2-8°C

Specifications of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Appearance: Amber liquid
Solid content %: 48-52
pH (as it): 2.0 max
Density (20℃, g/cm3 ): 1.16-1.22

Related Products of Homopolymer maleic acid:
Dimethyl 2-Hydroxyisophthalate
2,6-Dimethyl-4-hydroxypyridine
1-(1,1-Dimethylethoxy)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-methanediamine
(contains Tris(dimethylamino) Methane and N,N- Dimethylformamide Di-tert-butyl Acetal) (Technical Grade)
(E)-6,6-Dimethylhept-2-en-4-yn-1-ol
Dimethyl Chlorothiophosphate

Names of Homopolymer maleic acid:

Regulatory process names:
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer

IUPAC names:
(2R,3R)-2,3-dimethylbutanedioic acid
2-Butenedioic acid (2Z)-, homopolymer
2‐Butenedioic acid (2Z)‐, homopolymer
ACIDO POLIMALEICO
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
POLY(MALEIC ACID)
Poly(maleic acid)
poly(maleic acid)
​Polymaleic acid
​Polymaleic acid
​Polymaleic acid

Other names:
HPMA
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride
Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride (HPMA)
MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHITE

Other identifier:
26099-09-2
HOMOSALATE
Homosalate is an active sunscreen ingredient that protects skin from UVB rays, which leads to sun damage.
Homosalate is a colorless, transparent and viscous liquid.
Homosalate is well soluble in water.


CAS Number: 118-56-9
EC Number: 204-260-8
MDL number: MFCD00019377
Chem/IUPAC Name: Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester
Chemical formula: C16H22O3



SYNONYMS:
Homosalate, 118-56-9, Homomenthyl salicylate, Coppertone, 3,3,5-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYL SALICYLATE, Heliopan, Heliophan, Filtersol ''A'', 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, m-Homomenthyl salicylate, Homosalatum, Homosalato, (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) 2-hydroxybenzoate, Caswell No. 482B, Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, 52253-93-7, CCRIS 4885, NSC 164918, Metahomomenthyl salicylate, Salicylic acid, m-homomenthyl ester, EINECS 204-260-8, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, UNII-V06SV4M95S, Salicylic Acid 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl Ester, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076603, NSC-164918, V06SV4M95S, MFCD00019377, Homosalate [USAN], DTXSID1026241, EC 204-260-8, Salicylic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, NCGC00091888-01, Homosalatum (INN-Latin), Homosalato (INN-Spanish), HOMOSALATE (MART.), HOMOSALATE [MART.], HOMOSALATE (USP-RS), HOMOSALATE [USP-RS], Homosalate (USAN), DTXCID606241, Salicylic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester (8CI), HOMOSALATE (USP IMPURITY), HOMOSALATE [USP IMPURITY], HOMOSALATE (USP MONOGRAPH), HOMOSALATE [USP MONOGRAPH], Filtrosol A, component of Coppertone, SR-05000001884, Homosalat, Kemester HMS, CAS-118-56-9, Homosalate; Salicylic acid 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester; 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, Filtersol''A'', HOMOSALATE [MI], Homosalate (USP/INN), HOMOSALATE [INN], Prestwick1_001090, Prestwick2_001090, Prestwick3_001090, HOMOSALATE [USAN], HOMOSALATE [WHO-DD], SCHEMBL16207, BSPBio_001140, SPECTRUM1505020, SPBio_003030, BPBio1_001254, Sun Protection Facial SPF 50, CHEMBL1377575, CHEBI:91642, 3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, HMS1571I22, HMS2093G22, HMS2098I22, HMS3715I22, Pharmakon1600-01505020, 98.0%, mixture of cis and trans, component of Coppertone (Salt/Mix), HY-B0928, 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexylsalicylate, Tox21_111174, Tox21_202109, Tox21_303082, NSC164918, NSC758908, s4572, AKOS015904082, Tox21_111174_1, CCG-213330, DB11064, NSC-758908, NCGC00091888-02, NCGC00091888-03, NCGC00091888-04, NCGC00091888-05, NCGC00091888-06, NCGC00091888-09, NCGC00257063-01, NCGC00259658-01, AS-10409, SY051923, SBI-0206787.P001, AB00514041, NS00009551, Salicylic acid,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, T2278, Benzoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, D04450, E78223, AB00514041_02, EN300-7381967, A921433, J-519754, Q2260189, SR-05000001884-1, SR-05000001884-2, BRD-A34751532-001-03-6, BRD-A34751532-001-04-4, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) ester, Homosalate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Homosalate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 3,3,5-trimethycyclohexyl salicylate, HMS, HMS, HOMOMENTHYL SALICYLATE, Heliopan, 3,3,5-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYL SALICYLATE, Benzoicacid,2-hydroxy-,3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylester, Homosalat, HELIOPHAN, omosalate, Coppertone, HOMOSALATE



Homosalate is a synthetic sunscreen ingredient and UVB protector.
Research indicates Homosalate is a weak hormone disruptor, forms toxic metabolites, and can enhance the penetration of a toxic herbicide.
Homosalate is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunscreens as an ultraviolet (UV) filter, offering protection against sun-induced skin damage.


Apart from this, Homosalate enhances the overall stability of sunscreen formulations.
Homosalate is versatile and popular for its light, non-greasy texture, making it a preferred choice in various skincare products.
While effective in UVB protection, it is important to note that Homosalate primarily addresses shorter-wavelength UV rays, necessitating the combination with other sunscreen agents for broad-spectrum coverage against both UVA and UVB rays.


Additionally, Homosalate also goes by the name homomenthylsalicylate and has the chemical formula C16H22O3
Homosalate is an active sunscreen ingredient that protects skin from UVB rays, which leads to sun damage.
Homosalate is an FDA-approved sunscreen active ingredient that provides primarily UVB protection, stopping where the UVA range begins.


Homosalate’s internationally approved for use in sunscreens, up to a maximum concentration of 15%.
Turning to safety, studies have shown that homosalate has low penetration into skin, is not an endocrine disruptor, and is unlikely to provoke an allergic reaction on skin.


In vitro studies on breast cancer cells have shown that homosalate has cytotoxic effects; however, this does not apply to how sunscreen is used on skin, and the amounts shown to provoke this effect are much greater than what could be absorbed into the body from topical application.
Homosalate is an oil-soluble chemical sunscreen agent that protects the skin from UVB (295-315 nm) with a peak protection at 306 nm.


Homosalate is not a strong UV filter in and of itself (gives only SPF 4.3 protection at max. allowed 10% concentration) and it is not photostable (looses 10% of its SPF protection in 45 mins) so it always has to be combined with other sunscreens for proper protection.
Its big advantage, though, is that Homosalate is a liquid and is excellent for dissolving other hard to solubilize powder sunscreen agents, like the famous Avobenzone.


Homosalate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid
Homosalate is soluble in all relevant cosmetic oils
Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to a class of chemicals called salicylates.


Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer
Homosalate is a colorless, transparent and viscous liquid.


Homosalate is well soluble in water.
Homosalate is a UV filtering agent used especially in sunscreen products.
Homosalate provides protection against UVB (Ultraviolet B) rays and reduces the risk of sunburn by preventing the skin from being exposed to such rays.


The usage rate of Homosalate varies between 2% and 15% depending on the effect of the product and its interaction with other compounds.
Homosalate belongs to the class of chemicals known as salicylates and is organic.
You may see homosalate referred to alongside sunscreen because it shields the skin from sun exposure.


Homosalate is a synthetic.
Homosalate (Homomenthyl salicylate) is an organic compound used as a sunscreen to filter UV rays and protect the skin from sun damage.
Homosalate has anti-inflammatory activity.


Homosalate is an effective oil-soluble liquid UV-B absorber.
Homosalate is an excellent solubilizer for crystalline UV absorbers such as Avobenzone or Ethylhexyl Triazone.
Homosalate, or homomenthyl salicylate, is an organic compound in the salicylates class of chemicals.


Homosalate’s used in some sunscreens due to its UV-absorption properties, protecting against the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.
Homosalate is a synthetic UV filter used in sunscreen and other skin care products to absorb and filter out UVB radiation.


Homosalate is a derivative of salicylic acid.
Homosalate is an oil-soluble chemical sun-blocking agent that absorbs UVB radiation.
However, homosalate degrades more quickly (losing 10% of SPF protection in 45 minutes) when exposed to higher UV light.


The mechanism of action of Homosalate is a process known as “photoprotection.”
This process involves the absorption of UV radiation by the Homosalate molecules, which causes them to undergo a structural change.
This structural change of Homosalate allows the molecules to absorb and filter out UVB radiation, protecting them from UV damage.


Homosalate has the ability to solubilize oxybenzone and avobenzone.
Because homosalate only covers the UVB spectrum, it is usually combined with avobenzone (a chemical UVA filter) to get broad-spectrum coverage.
Like most chemical sunscreens ingredients, homosalate absorbs into the skin — it does not sit on top of the skin like zinc oxide.


Homosalate is an organic compound used in some sunscreens.
Homosalate is made by the Fischer–Speier esterification of salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, the latter being a hydrogenated derivative of isophorone.


Homosalate is an organic compound belonging to a class of chemicals known as salicylates.
Homosalate's a chemical sunscreen that shields the skin from sun exposure by absorbing UV light and converting it to heat so that it can't cause DNA damage to the skin cells.


There are plenty of other chemical sunscreen ingredients, but homosalate is incredibly common.
In fact, Homosalate's found in almost half of commercially-available sunscreens, notes Fincher.
Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates.


Homosalate is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol.
Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.


Homosalate is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens.
There are no reported adverse effects from homosalate.
Homosalate appears as viscous or light yellow to slightly tan liquid or oil.


Homosalate ester is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols.
Homosalate is functionally related to a salicylic acid.
Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates.


Homosalate is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol.
Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.


Homosalate is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens.
There are no reported adverse effects from homosalate.
Homosalate is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis with data available.


Homosalate is an organic sun filter (from carbon).
This filter mainly absorbs UVB radiation, which is responsible for tanning but also for sunburn and skin cancer.
Homosalate is a salicylate compound commonly used as an active ingredient in cosmetic sunscreens to reduce the photodegradation of other active sunscreen ingredients.


The SCCP has concluded that the use of homosalate at a maximum concentration of 10%w/w in cosmetic sunscreen does not pose a risk to the health of the consumer.
Homosalate is a liquid.
Homosalate is a homolog of menthyl salicylate.


Homosalate is a viscous or light yellow to slightly tan liquid or oil.
Homosalate is an ingredient used in sunscreens and fragrances.
Homosalate is a UV-absorber, filter, and a skin condition.


Homosalate absorbs UVB rays specifically.
Homosalate is a coumarin derivative that is used as an active ingredient in sunscreens.
Homosalate absorbs the radiation of UV light and transforms it into harmless heat.


Homosalate has been shown to be effective against skin cancer cells in vivo, but does not have any effect on the growth of bacteria.
Contained in 45% of U.S. sunscreens, Homosalate is used as a chemical UV filter.
The salicylic acid portion of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet rays with a wavelength from 295 nm to 315 nm, protecting the skin from sun damage.


The hydrophobic trimethyl cyclohexyl group provides greasiness that prevents it from dissolving in water.
Homosalate is an oil-soluble organic sunscreen used to protect the skin from UVB rays (295-315 nm), with peak protection at 306 nm.
Homosalate's an older, unstable sunscreen dating from 1978 (part of the reason why sunscreens need to be reapplied frequently is the instability of older chemical sunscreens).


As such, homosalate is not a powerful UV filter (it only offers SPF protection of 4.3 at a maximum permitted concentration of 10 %) and is not photostable (it loses 10 % of its SPF protection in 45 minutes), so it must always be combined with other sunscreens for adequate protection.
Homosalate also acts as a solvent for UV filters that are more difficult to dissolve, such as the well-known avobenzone.
Homosalate is an organic compound that forms an ester from salicylic acid, and appears as a yellowish-tan liquid or oil.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate is used as a UV filter in various personal skin care formulations and cosmetics.
Homosalate is used UV screen, analgesic
Homosalate is a chemical uVB absorber included in the FDA’s Category I Sunscreen Chemical list.


Homosalate's approved usage level is 4 to 15 percent by the FDA and 10 percent by the european union’s Cosmetic Directive.
Applications of Homosalate in Personal Care Products: Homosalate functions as both a UV protector and a UV filter by absorbing UV rays.
Since the UVA-protecting range of homosalate is very narrow, it’s not used alone in sunscreens, but is often used with UVA filters such as avobenzone, where it can help improve stability.


Homosalate’s considered non-sensitizing and is most often seen in sunscreens rated SPF 30 and greater.
Interestingly, since homosalate is a salicylate ingredient just like salicylic acid, part of how it works to reduce signs of UV-triggered redness is from its calming benefit.


Some researchers speculate that this could mean people stay out in the sun longer since they won’t see their skin turn color, but since homosalate is never used alone and the redness-producing damage it offsets is a benefit, it’s not considered a valid concern.
Other studies have shown that homosalate suppresses the formation of a type of free radical known as singlet oxygen which is formed when skin is exposed to UV light.


Homosalate is a widely used chemical in sunscreens and skin care products with SPF.
Homosalate is a potential endocrine disruptor and studies in cells suggest it may impact hormones.
In addition to direct health concerns following homosalate exposure, the chemical may also enhance the absorption of pesticides in the body.


Cosmetic Applications of Homosalate: Sun care & after-sun products, hair care products, protective creams & lotions, liquid makeup products.
Cosmetics and personal care products containing UV filters are used worldwide to protect skin from UV rays, which is one of the factors that cause skin cancer and skin aging, and to maintain skin health.


Homosalate is used in cosmetics as a UV absorber to protect the skin from UV rays and as a stabilizer to prevent deterioration of product quality due to UV exposure.
Homosalate is used in sunscreens, skin care products, and so on.


Homosalate is also a potent antimicrobial agent and can be used for wastewater treatment.
The monosodium salt of homosalate is synthesized from gyrophoric acid and sodium salicylate by heating them together in the presence of water.
The resulting product can then be purified by crystallization or recrystallization methods.


Analytical methods for homosalate include synchronous fluorescence and anhydrous sodium sulfite precipitation with sulfuric acid.
Homosalate is used inhibition Assay (InhA), Functional Studies (Func).
Homosalate a powerful oil-soluble UV-B filter and anti-aging agent perfect for your skincare needs.


Designed to absorb UV-B rays effectively, Homosalate provides reliable protection while seamlessly incorporating into a wide range of products.
Not only does Homosalate safeguard your skin, but it also serves as an excellent solubilizer for other crystalline UV filters like butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane or ethyl hexyl triazone.


Ideal for formulating sunscreens, hand and face lotions, makeup creams, and hair care products, Homosalate offers versatility and efficacy across various applications.
With a shelf-life of 2 years, Homosalate ensures long-lasting quality and performance for your skincare routine.


Homosalate is an ingredient used in the formulation of sunscreen products.
Homosalate is also used in some eyebrow pencils, skincare, and lipsticks.
Homosalate is used mainly as a sunscreen ingredient, protecting the skin against UV rays.


Another way in which homosalate is used is to protect ingredients in other formulations from degrading or absorbing UV rays.
Homosalate does this by converting UV rays into less damaging infrared heat.
Homosalate is commercially used in as many as 45% of all chemical sunscreen products in the United States due to its ability to protect the skin from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation.


Being amongst one of the safe sunscreen ingredients for UVB protection, homosalate helps to prevent against sunburn and photo-damage that may lead to the formation of premature signs of aging (i.e., fine lines and wrinkles).
Moreover, use of homosalate in sunscreen products is considered non-toxic and presents no signs or evidence of causing negative side effects.


-Uses of Homosalate:
Sunscreens are used to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
They help to prevent sunburn and premature aging (such as wrinkles, leathery skin).

Sunscreens also help to decrease the risk of skin cancer and also of sunburn-like skin reactions (sun sensitivity) caused by some medications (including tetracyclines, sulfa drugs, phenothiazines such as chlorpromazine).
The active ingredients in sunscreens work either by absorbing the sun's ultraviolet (UV) radiation, preventing it from reaching the deeper layers of the skin, or by reflecting the radiation.

Wearing sunscreen does not mean that you can stay out longer in the sun.
Sunscreens cannot protect against all of the sun's radiation.
There are various types of sunscreens available in many forms (such as cream, lotion, gel, stick, spray, lip balm).


-Use of Homosalate in Personal Care
Homosalate is not a strong UV filter in and of itself (gives only SPF 4.3 protection at max. allowed 10% concentration).
This sunscreen agent, Homosalate, protects the skin from UVB (295-315 nm) with a peak protection at 306 nm.

Homosalate is a common chemical ingredient in some sunscreen and lip balm brands that protect the skin against harmful UVB radiation.
Homosalate can be combined with other sunscreens for wide-spectrum protection and has excellent dissolving properties for solid sunscreens.
In the U.S., homosalate is a Category 1 UV filter permitted for over-the-counter (OTC) human use.



BENEFITS OF HOMOSALATE:
There isn't a huge difference between the various chemical sunscreen ingredients, all of which work the same way.
The differences lay in terms of which specific UV rays they can absorb and protect against.

*UVB-blocker:
Homosalate, in particular, is a UVB-blocker, protecting against the UV damage that is known to cause skin cancer.
To that point, "since Homosalate has very limited efficacy against UVA rays, it needs to be combined with other agents to ensure complete protection in broad-spectrum.

*Broad-spectrum sunscreen ingredient:
Homosalate's this combination of chemical sunscreen ingredients, some of which work against UVA rays and some of which work against UVB rays, that will offer a larger range of protection so that a sunscreen can be called "broad-spectrum.



HOW IS HOMOSALATE PRODUCED?
Homosalate is produced through the Fischer–Speier esterification of salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a hydrogenated derivative of isophorone.
The salicylic acid portion of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet rays with a wavelength from 295 nm to 315 nm, protecting the skin from sun damage.
The hydrophobic trimethyl cyclohexyl group provides greasiness that prevents it from dissolving in water.



HOW TO USE HOMOSALATE LOTION:
How to use Homosalate Lotion
Sunscreens are for use on the skin only.
Follow all directions on the product package.

If you have any questions, ask your doctor or pharmacist.
Apply sunscreen generously to all exposed skin 30 minutes before sun exposure.
As a general guide, use 1 ounce (30 grams) to cover your entire body.

Reapply the sunscreen after swimming or sweating or drying off with a towel or if it has rubbed off.
If you are outside for long periods, reapply sunscreen every 2 hours.
If you are using the lip balm form, apply to the lip area only.



FUNCTIONS OF HOMOSALATE:
*UV Protector
Homosalate, when applied to the skin, absorbs UV rays, offering sun protection.
In addition to causing sunburn, UV radiation is a significant cause of premature skin aging and contributes to the development of melanoma and other forms of skin cancer.
Homosalate can also protect cosmetics and personal care products from deterioration by absorbing UV rays.

*UV Filter
As a chemical sunscreen, otherwise known as an organic UV filter, homosalate is an aromatic compound.
Its molecular structure is responsible for absorbing UVB energy.
Homosalate absorbs UVB rays, which produce excitation of the sunscreen chemical to a higher energy state.
Then, they return to the ground state and convert the absorbed energy into longer, lower energy wavelengths (heat).



WHY HOMOSALATE WORKS:
Homosalate prevents direct skin exposure to the sun by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
More specifically, Homosalate absorbs short-wave UVB rays and converts it to heat that presents it from causing DNA damage to skin cells.



FUNCTIONS OF HOMOSALATE:
*Masking :
Homosalate reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product
*Uv absorber :
Homosalate protects the cosmetic product from UV-light effects
*Uv filter :
Homosalate filters certain UV rays to protect the skin or hair from the harmful effects of these rays.



THE GOOD:
Homosalate protects the skin against UV damage, reducing the risk of sun-related skin cancers.
Homosalate also may help to reduce the likelihood of premature aging.


THE NOT SO GOOD:
There is some misunderstanding around the safety of this ingredient.
Despite the online blogs reporting otherwise, homosalate is considered to be safe in the approved concentrations.
The EU limits the concentration of homosalate to 10% in products.


WHO IS HOMOSALATE FOR?
All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to it.


SYNERGETIC INGREDIENTS:
Homosalate works well with most ingredients.


KEEP AN EYE ON:
Keep an eye out for the variety of products you can find homosalate in.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF HOMOSALATE?
The main benefit of homosalate is that it is able to protect the skin from the harmful effects of the sun.
Sunscreens generally reduce the risk of skin cancers such as melanoma.
As well as this important benefit sunscreens can also reduce sun sensitivity that is often experienced by those on medications that increase your sensitivity to the sun such as tetracyclines, sulfa drug, and isotretinoin.

The other main benefit to sunscreens is that they also protect the skin from sunburn and premature aging.
Sun damage is one of the major contributing factors to premature aging, leading to more visible wrinkles, and fine lines.

Sunscreens work in either of two ways, the first is physical sunscreens like zinc and titanium dioxide, which reflect the sun’s rays preventing it from penetrating into the deeper layers of the skin where damage can be caused.

The issue with physical sunscreens is that they need to be applied in a thick layer that often leaves a white layer of product on the skin in order for the sunscreen to reflect the UV rays properly.
The other is a chemical sunscreen like homosalate which absorbs UV rays and transfers them into infrared heat.



PURPOSE OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate is an organic compound used in some sunscreens.
Homosalate is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol. Contained in 45% of U.S. sunscreens, Homosalate is used as a chemical UV filter.



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Chemical sunscreen


MAIN BENEFITS OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate absorbs UV rays, specifically UVB rays, to ward off damage to the skin cells' DNA known to cause cancer, says Fincher.


WHO SHOULD USE HOMOSALATE:
Everyone should use sunscreen daily; however, those with sensitive skin may prefer to opt for mineral-based sunscreens.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE HOMOSALATE:
If you're using a sunscreen with homosalate, it can, and should, be used daily and even reapplied every two hours for maximum protection.


HOMOSALATE WORKS WELL WITH:
Homosalate's always paired with other chemical sunscreens such as avobenzone, octinoxate, and octisalate to ensure complete, broad-spectrum UV coverage.


HOMOSALATE DOES'T USE WITH:
There aren't any specific ingredients known to interact poorly with homosalate, but it (and other chemical sunscreens) can cause skin irritation for some.


WHAT PRODUCTS ID HOMOSALATE IN?
Homosalate is found in fragrances and sunscreens.



HOW TO TELL IF A PRODUCT HAS HOMOSALATE:
Be aware the homosalate may be listed on ingredient labels under other names including: heliopan; filtersol “a”; 3,3, 5-trimethyl-slicylate cyclohexanol; 3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydrobenzoate; caswell no. 482b; 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate; ccris 4885; coppertone, homomenthyl salicylate, HMS, HS



WHERE IS HOMOSALATE FOUND?
Homosalate is an organic compound used in sunscreens, lip balm, moisturizers, and cosmetic creams.
Contained in 45% of U.S. sunscreens, Homosalate is used as a chemical UV filter.



AIR & WATER REACTIONS OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate will hydrolyze under basic conditions.
Homosalate is insoluble in water.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate is an ester and a phenol.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.

Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.



WHAT IS HOMOSALATE USED FOR?
Homosalate serves sunscreens and cosmetics primarily as a chemical UV filter.
Homosalate absorbs the UV rays, specifically UVB rays, that are known to cause sunburn and contribute to sun damage.
These harmful rays can also cause the skin to tan and sometimes lead to skin cancer.

Homosalate is a stable ingredient that works its magic against UV rays for longer durations.
Indirectly, Homosalate also acts as an anti-aging compound for the skin - maintaining its health and keeping it youthful.
However, Homosalate is not strong enough to be used independently and is often combined with other ingredients to maximize protection.



ORIGIN OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate is an ester that is made by the esterification of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol and salicylic acid.
The latter has the ability to absorb UV rays and protect the skin from damage.
Homosalate appears as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid and has a slight minty odor.
Homosalate is purified for use in the cosmetic industry.



WHAT DOES HOMOSALATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Uv absorber
*Uv filter



SAFETY PROFILE OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate is generally considered safe for use when applied topically.
However, some concerns have been raised about its potential to penetrate the skin and disrupt hormone function, particularly when used in high concentrations.

While regulatory bodies permit Homosalate's use within specified limits, individuals with sensitive skin may choose alternative sunscreens.
Homosalate should be avoided by pregnant women and babies.
Additionally, Homosalate is a vegan and halal ingredient.
Homosalate has a shelf life of 2-3 years.



ALTERNATIVES OF HOMOSALATE:
*OCTOCRYLENE


OCCURRENCE OF HOMOSALATE IN COSMETICS
Homosalate is used as a UV filter in sunscreens and other cosmetics with UV protection (care products, decorative cosmetics)



BACKGROUND INFORMATION ON USE OF HOMOSALATE IN COSMETIC
Homosalate is a soluble organic UV-B filter.
Homosalate absorbs UV-B radiation from approximately 280 to 320 nm.
The maximum concentration of homosalate is 7.3 %.



FUNCTIONS OF HOMOSALATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*UV ABSORBER
Homosalate protects the cosmetic product from damage caused by UV light
*UV FILTER
Homosalate protects skin or hair from harmful UV radiation



HOMOSALATE AT A GLANCE:
*A globally approved UV filter
*Mostly protects within the UVB range
*Serves as a solvent for other UV filters, making them easier to work with
*Considered low risk for triggering an allergic reaction
*Often seen in sunscreens with higher SPF ratings



WHAT DOES HOMOSALATE DO TO SKIN?
Homosalate is used in sunscreens because it protects the skin from the harmful effects of the sun which can lead to skin cancer.
Homosalate acts a protective skin barrier that absorbs the UV light before it reaches your skin cells, preventing DNA damage.
This is why homosalate is popular in sunscreen and features in our superior range of Sun Protection products.



IS HOMOSALATE SAFE IN SUNSCREEN?
Homosalate, or homosalate sunscreen, is safe for your skin as long as its concentrations are below 10%, according to the European Commission.
As with all ingredients, overuse can create irritations and allergic reactions.
However, the European Chemicals Agency confirms that homosalate is authorised worldwide as it is biodegradable and doesn't have aquatic toxicity.



WHAT IS HOMOSALATE USED FOR IN PRODUCTS ?
We use homosalate in our sunscreen products in combination with all other sunscreens.
This sun filter, Homosalate, is a very good solvent for other filters, thus limiting the use of other oily compounds and limiting the greasiness and stickiness of products.

Homosalate is authorised worldwide.
Homosalate is biodegradable, does not bioaccumulate and has no known aquatic toxicity.

Homosalate's favourable environmental profile is confirmed by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).
As with all our products, those containing homosalate are systematically subjected to a strict evaluation of their quality and safety for the consumer.
This is a fundamental principle that we apply throughout the world.



WHERE DOES HOMOSALATE COME FROM ?
Homosalate is a synthetic organic compound (based on carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) that absorbs UV rays.
Homosalate is a liquid oil soluble UVB sunscreen. Homosalate (other name is homomenthylsalicylate) is an organic compound, an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol

Sunscreen agent for mainly UVB protection.
Homosalate can be combined with other sunscreens.
Homosalate is excellent dissolving properties for solid sunscreens.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HOMOSALATE:
Chemical formula: C16H22O3
Molar mass: 262.349 g·mol−1
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: < -20 °C
Boiling point: 181–185 °C (358–365 °F; 454–458 K)
Solubility in water: 0.4 mg/L
Appearance at 25°C: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Molecular Weight: 262.344 g/mol
Solubility at 20°C: Miscible in ethanol, isopropyl myristate, and paraffin oil.
Immiscible in propylene glycol and water (solubility of 0.4 mg/L).
UV Absorbance (E 1%/1cm): 170 - 180 (at 305 nm)

Specific Gravity: 1.049 – 1.053
Refractive Index (n 20/D, 20°C): 1.516 – 1.519
Acid Value (potentiometric filtration, mg KOH/g): 0.0 – 1.0 max
Odor: Characteristic, slight mint odor
Shelf Life: 2-3 years
Additional Information:
CBNumber: CB2203124
Molecular Formula: C16H22O3
Molecular Weight: 262.34
MDL Number: MFCD00019377
MOL File: 118-56-9.mol
Boiling Point: 161-165°C (12 torr)
Density: 1.05
Vapor Pressure: 0.015 Pa at 25°C
Refractive Index: n20 1.516 to 1.518

Flash Point: 169 - 173°C
Storage Temperature: Inert atmosphere, Room Temperature
Solubility: Slightly soluble in chloroform and DMSO
pKa: 8.10±0.30 (Predicted)
Color: Colorless
Odor: Mild menthol at 100.00%
Water Solubility: BRN: 2731604
LogP: 6.27 at 25°C
FDA 21 CFR: 352.70
CAS DataBase Reference: 118-56-9
EWG's Food Scores: 2-4
FDA UNII: V06SV4M95S

NIST Chemistry Reference: Homosalate (118-56-9)
EPA Substance Registry System: 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate (118-56-9)
CAS Number: 118-56-9
Molecular Formula: C16H22O3
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 262.35
InChI Key: WSSJONWNBBTCMG-UHFFFAOYNA-N
IUPAC Name: 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate
SMILES: CC1CC(CC(C)(C)C1)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O
Category: Small Molecules
Description: Homosalate
Purity: 99.38%
SMILES: C(OC1CC(C)(C)CC(C)C1)(=O)C2=C(O)C=CC=C2
Formula: C16H22O3



FIRST AID MEASURES of HOMOSALATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HOMOSALATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HOMOSALATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HOMOSALATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HOMOSALATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HOMOSALATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

HOMOSALATE
Homosalate is a UV-absorber, filter, and a skin conditioner.
Homosalate absorbs UVB rays specifically.
Homosalate is found in fragrances and sunscreens.


CAS Number: 118-56-9
EC Number: 204-260-8
MDL number: MFCD00019377
Chemical formula: C16H22O3



3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, Homosalate, Homosalate, 118-56-9, Homomenthyl salicylate, Coppertone, 3,3,5-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYL SALICYLATE, Heliopan, Heliophan, Eusolex, Filtersol ''A'', 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydroxybenzoate, m-Homomenthyl salicylate, Homosalatum, Homosalato, (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) 2-hydroxybenzoate, Caswell No. 482B, Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, 52253-93-7, CCRIS 4885, NSC 164918, Metahomomenthyl salicylate, Salicylic acid, m-homomenthyl ester, EINECS 204-260-8, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, UNII-V06SV4M95S, Salicylic Acid 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl Ester, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 076603, NSC-164918, V06SV4M95S, MFCD00019377, Homosalate [USAN:USP:INN], DTXSID1026241, EC 204-260-8, Salicylic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, NCGC00091888-01, DTXCID606241, Salicylic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester (8CI), Filtrosol A, component of Coppertone, SR-05000001884, Homosalat, Kemester HMS, CAS-118-56-9, Homosalate, Salicylic acid 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, Filtersol''A'', HOMOSALATE [MI], Prestwick1_001090, Prestwick2_001090, Prestwick3_001090, HOMOSALATE [INCI], HOMOSALATE [USAN], HOMOSALATE [WHO-DD], SCHEMBL16207, BSPBio_001140, SPECTRUM1505020, SPBio_003030, BPBio1_001254, Sun Protection Facial SPF 50, CHEMBL1377575, CHEBI:91642, 3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, HMS1571I22, HMS2093G22, HMS2098I22, HMS3715I22, Pharmakon1600-01505020, >98.0%,mixture of cis and trans, component of Coppertone (Salt/Mix), HY-B0928, Tox21_111174, Tox21_202109, Tox21_303082, NSC164918, NSC758908,
s4572, AKOS015904082, Tox21_111174_1, CCG-213330, DB11064, NSC-758908, NCGC00091888-02, NCGC00091888-03, NCGC00091888-04, NCGC00091888-05, NCGC00091888-06, NCGC00091888-09, NCGC00257063-01, NCGC00259658-01, AS-10409, SY051923, SBI-0206787.P001, AB00514041, FT-0614020, NS00009551, Salicylic acid,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, T2278, Benzoic acid, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, D04450, E78223, 2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6-OCTACHLOROBIPHENYL, AB00514041_02, EN300-7381967, A921433, J-519754, Q2260189, SR-05000001884-1, SR-05000001884-2, BRD-A34751532-001-03-6, BRD-A34751532-001-04-4, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl) ester, Homosalate, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Homosalate, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, 3,3,5-trimethycyclohexyl salicylate, HMS, HMS, HOMOMENTHYL SALICYLATE, Heliopan, 3,3,5-TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEXYL SALICYLATE, Benzoicacid,2-hydroxy-,3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexylester, Homosalat, HELIOPHAN, omosalate, Coppertone, HOMOSALATE, heliopan, filtersol “a”, 3,3, 5-trimethyl-slicylate cyclohexanol, 3, 3, 5-trimethylcyclohexyl 2-hydrobenzoate, caswell no. 482b, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, ccris 4885, coppertone, homomenthyl salicylate, HMS, HS,



Homosalate is authorised worldwide.
Homosalate is biodegradable, does not bioaccumulate and has no known aquatic toxicity.
Homosalate's favourable environmental profile is confirmed by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).


Homosalate is a derivative of salicylic acid.
Homosalate is an oil-soluble chemical sun-blocking agent that absorbs UVB radiation.
However, homosalate degrades more quickly (losing 10% of SPF protection in 45 minutes) when exposed to higher UV light.


The mechanism of action of Homosalate is a process known as “photoprotection.”
This process involves the absorption of UV radiation by the Homosalate molecules, which causes them to undergo a structural change.
This structural change allows the molecules to absorb and filter out UVB radiation, protecting them from UV damage.


Salicylates are weaker UVB absorbers.
They have a long history of use but have been supplanted by more efficient PABA and cinnamate derivatives.
Salicylates are now generally used to augment other UVB absorbers.


Homosalate has the ability to solubilize oxybenzone and avobenzone.
Because homosalate only covers the UVB spectrum, it is usually combined with avobenzone (a chemical UVA filter) to get broad-spectrum coverage.
Like most chemical sunscreens ingredients, homosalate absorbs into the skin — it does not sit on top of the skin like zinc oxide.


Homosalate, or homomenthyl salicylate, is an organic compound in the salicylates class of chemicals.
Homosalate’s used in some sunscreens due to its UV-absorption properties, protecting against the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.


Homosalate is a synthetic UV filter used in sunscreen and other skin care products to absorb and filter out UVB radiation.
Homosalate is a coumarin derivative that is used as an active ingredient in sunscreens.
Homosalate absorbs the radiation of UV light and transforms it into harmless heat.


Homosalate has been shown to be effective against skin cancer cells in vivo, but does not have any effect on the growth of bacteria.
Homosalate is an ingredient used in sunscreens and fragrances.
Homosalate is a UV-absorber, filter, and a skin conditioner.


Homosalate absorbs UVB rays specifically.
Homosalate is found in fragrances and sunscreens.
Homosalate is an oil-soluble chemical sunscreen ingredient used to absorb UVB rays (the rays produce sunburns in the upper layer of skin).


Ironically Homosalate is a weak UV filter (at 10% concentration it is an SPF 4) and is not photostable (meaning it breaks down in sunshine).
Homosalate is synthetic.
On labels, homosalate might also be listed as Homomenthyl salicylate, or HMS.


Homosalate is an organic compound used in some sunscreens.
Homosalate is made by the Fischer–Speier esterification of salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, the latter being a hydrogenated derivative of isophorone.


Homosalate appears as viscous or light yellow to slightly tan liquid or oil.
Homosalate is a benzoate ester and a member of phenols.
Homosalate is functionally related to a salicylic acid.


Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates.
Homosalate is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol.
Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.


Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.
Homosalate is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens.
There are no reported adverse effects from Homosalate.


Homosalate is a natural product found in Camellia sinensis with data available.
Homosalate is a colorless, transparent and viscous liquid.
Homosalate is well soluble in water.


Homosalate is a UV filtering agent used especially in sunscreen products.
Homosalate provides protection against UVB (Ultraviolet B) rays and reduces the risk of sunburn by preventing the skin from being exposed to such rays.
The usage rate of varies between 2% and 15% depending on the effect of Homosalate and its interaction with other compounds.


Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to a class of chemicals called salicylates.
Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.


Homosalate is an organic compound that belongs to salicylates.
Homosalate is an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol.
Salicylates prevent direct skin exposure to the sun’s harmful rays by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.


Homosalate specifically absorbs short-wave UVB rays, which are associated with DNA damage and increased risk of skin cancer.
Homosalate is a common ingredient in many commercially available sunscreens.
There are no reported adverse effects from homosalate.


Homosalate is a chemical compound commonly used in cosmetics and sunscreens as an ultraviolet (UV) filter, offering protection against sun-induced skin damage.
Apart from this, Homosalate enhances the overall stability of sunscreen formulations.


It is versatile and popular for its light, non-greasy texture, making Homosalate a preferred choice in various skincare products.
While effective in UVB protection, it is important to note that Homosalate primarily addresses shorter-wavelength UV rays, necessitating the combination with other sunscreen agents for broad-spectrum coverage against both UVA and UVB rays.


Additionally, Homosalate also goes by the name homomenthylsalicylate and has the chemical formula C16H22O3.
Homosalate is a liquid oil soluble UVB sunscreen.
Homosalate (other name is homomenthylsalicylate) is an organic compound, an ester formed from salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a derivative of cyclohexanol Sunscreen agent for mainly UVB protection.


Homosalate can be combined with other sunscreens.
Homosalate is excellent dissolving properties for solid sunscreens.
Homosalate is an organic sun filter (from carbon).


This filter, Homosalate, mainly absorbs UVB radiation, which is responsible for tanning but also for sunburn and skin cancer.
"Homosalate is an organic compound belonging to a class of chemicals known as salicylates," explains Petrillo.
Homosalate's a chemical sunscreen that shields the skin from sun exposure by absorbing UV light and converting it to heat so that it can't cause DNA damage to the skin cells, he adds.


There are plenty of other chemical sunscreen ingredients, but Homosalate is incredibly common.
If you're using sunscreen every morning, there's a good chance that you're using the ingredient homosalate daily, without even knowing it.
Sunscreens fall into two camps: physical formulas (which rely on minerals such as zinc oxide and titanium dioxide to sit on top of the skin and deflect rays) and chemical formulas (which rely on chemical ingredients that penetrate the skin and absorb UV rays before they can cause damage).


Homosalate is the main active in the latter, found in an array of chemical sunscreens.
Homosalate is an FDA-approved sunscreen active ingredient that provides primarily UVB protection, stopping where the UVA range begins.
Homosalate’s internationally approved for use in sunscreens, up to a maximum concentration of 15%.


Homosalate is an organic sun filter (from carbon).
This filter, Homosalate, mainly absorbs UVB radiation, which is responsible for tanning but also for sunburn and skin cancer.
Homosalate is authorised worldwide.


Homosalate is biodegradable, does not bioaccumulate and has no known aquatic toxicity.
Homosalate's favourable environmental profile is confirmed by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA).
As with all our products, those containing homosalate are systematically subjected to a strict evaluation of their quality and safety for the consumer.


This is a fundamental principle that we apply throughout the world.
Homosalate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid
Homosalate is soluble in all relevant cosmetic oils


Homosalate is an effective oil soluble liquid UV-B absorber.
Homosalate is an excellent solubilizer for crystalline UV absorbers such as Avobenzone or Ethylhexyl Triazone.
Homosalate is a homolog of menthyl salicylate.


Homosalate is viscous or light yellow to slightly tan liquid or oil.
Homosalate is non flammable
Homosalate is a liquid.
Homosalate is an active sunscreen ingredient that protects skin from UVB rays, which leads to sun damage.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HOMOSALATE:
Applications of Homosalate in Personal Care Products: Homosalate functions as both a UV protector and a UV filter by absorbing UV rays.
Homosalate is an ingredient used in sunscreens and fragrances.
Homosalate is also a potent antimicrobial agent and can be used for wastewater treatment.


The monosodium salt of homosalate is synthesized from gyrophoric acid and sodium salicylate by heating them together in the presence of water.
The resulting product can then be purified by crystallization or recrystallization methods.
Analytical methods for homosalate include synchronous fluorescence and anhydrous sodium sulfite precipitation with sulfuric acid.


Homosalate acts as an effective UVB absorber with a UV absorbance (E 1%/1cm) of min. 170 at 305nm for various applications.
Homosalate is used for products with low and – in combination with other UV filters – high sun protection factors.
Homosalate is also an effective solubilizer for crystalline UV absorbers.


Homosalate can be used in water-resistance sunscreens.
Occurrence in cosmetics: Homosalate is used as a UV filter in sunscreens and other cosmetics with UV protection (care products, decorative cosmetics)
Homosalate is a derivative of salicylic acid.


Salicylic acid is used to remove the outer layer of skin and treat warts and acne.
Because homosalate only covers the UVB spectrum, it is usually combined with avobenzone (a chemical UVA filter) to get broad-spectrum coverage.
As most ingredients in chemical sunscreens homosalate works by absorbing into skin — it does not sit on top of skin like zinc oxide.


Contained in 45% of U.S. sunscreens, Homosalate is used as a chemical UV filter.
The salicylic acid portion of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet rays with a wavelength from 295 nm to 315 nm, protecting the skin from sun damage.
The hydrophobic trimethyl cyclohexyl group provides greasiness that prevents it from dissolving in water.


Homosalate is a common sunscreen ingredient.
Homosalate is used in cosmetics as a UV absorber to protect the skin from UV rays and as a stabilizer to prevent deterioration of product quality due to UV exposure.


In our products, Homosalate is used in sunscreens, skin care products, and so on.
Homosalate serves sunscreens and cosmetics primarily as a chemical UV filter.
Homosalate absorbs the UV rays, specifically UVB rays, that are known to cause sunburn and contribute to sun damage.


These harmful rays can also cause the skin to tan and sometimes lead to skin cancer.
Homosalate is a stable ingredient that works its magic against UV rays for longer durations.
Indirectly, Homosalate also acts as an anti-aging compound for the skin - maintaining its health and keeping it youthful.


However, Homosalate is not strong enough to be used independently and is often combined with other ingredients to maximize protection.
Since the UVA-protecting range of homosalate is very narrow, it’s not used alone in sunscreens, but is often used with UVA filters such as avobenzone, where it can help improve stability.


Homosalate’s considered non-sensitizing and is most often seen in sunscreens rated SPF 30 and greater.
Interestingly, since homosalate is a salicylate ingredient just like salicylic acid, part of how it works to reduce signs of UV-triggered redness is from its calming benefit.


Some researchers speculate that this could mean people stay out in the sun longer since they won’t see their skin turn color, but since homosalate is never used alone and the redness-producing damage it offsets is a benefit, it’s not considered a valid concern.
Other studies have shown that homosalate suppresses the formation of a type of free radical known as singlet oxygen which is formed when skin is exposed to UV light.


Cosmetic Applications of Homosalate: Sun care & after-sun products, hair care products, protective creams & lotions, liquid makeup products.
Homosalate is used as a UV filter in various personal skin care formulations and cosmetics.
Homosalate is used UV screen, analgesic


Homosalate is a chemical uVB absorber included in the FDA’s Category I Sunscreen Chemical list.
Homosalate's approved usage level is 4 to 15 percent by the FDA and 10 percent by the european union’s Cosmetic Directive.


-Use of Homosalate in Personal Care:
Homosalate is not a strong UV filter in and of itself (gives only SPF 4.3 protection at max. allowed 10% concentration).
This sunscreen agent, Homosalate, protects the skin from UVB (295-315 nm) with a peak protection at 306 nm.

Homosalate is a common chemical ingredient in some sunscreen and lip balm brands that protect the skin against harmful UVB radiation.
Homosalate can be combined with other sunscreens for wide-spectrum protection and has excellent dissolving properties for solid sunscreens.
In the U.S., homosalate is a Category 1 UV filter permitted for over-the-counter (OTC) human use.


-UV Protector uses of Homosalate:
Homosalate, when applied to the skin, absorbs UV rays, offering sun protection.
In addition to causing sunburn, UV radiation is a significant cause of premature skin aging and contributes to the development of melanoma and other forms of skin cancer.
Homosalate can also protect cosmetics and personal care products from deterioration by absorbing UV rays.


-UV Filter uses of Homosalate:
As a chemical sunscreen, otherwise known as an organic UV filter, homosalate is an aromatic compound.
Homosalate's molecular structure is responsible for absorbing UVB energy.
Homosalate absorbs UVB rays, which produce excitation of the sunscreen chemical to a higher energy state.
Then, they return to the ground state and convert the absorbed energy into longer, lower energy wavelengths (heat).


-Homosalate in Personal Care Products:
Homosalate is an oil-soluble chemical sun-blocking agent that absorbs UVB radiation.
Homosalate’s commonly used in formulations of high-SPF sunscreen products.


-Background information on use in cosmetics:
Homosalate is a soluble organic UV-B filter.
Homosalate absorbs UV-B radiation from approximately 280 to 320 nm.
The maximum concentration of homosalate is 7.3 %.



TYPE OF INGREDIENT:
Chemical sunscreen


MAIN BENEFITS OF HOMOSALATE::
Absorbs UV rays, specifically UVB rays, to ward off damage to the skin cells' DNA known to cause cancer.


WHO SHOULD USE HOMOSALATE:
Everyone should use sunscreen daily; however, those with sensitive skin may prefer to opt for mineral-based sunscreens.


HOW OFTEN CAN YOU USE HOMOSALATE:
If you're using a sunscreen with Homosalate, it can, and should, be used daily and even reapplied every two hours for maximum protection.


HOMOSALATE WORKS WELL WITH:
Homosalate's always paired with other chemical sunscreens such as avobenzone, octinoxate, and octisalate to ensure complete, broad-spectrum UV coverage.


DON'T USE WITH:
There aren't any specific ingredients known to interact poorly with homosalate, but it (and other chemical sunscreens) can cause skin irritation for some.




BENEFITS OF HOMOSALATE:
There isn't a huge difference between the various chemical sunscreen ingredients, all of which work the same way.
The differences lay in terms of which specific UV rays they can absorb and protect against.


*UVB-blocker:
Homosalate, in particular, is a UVB-blocker, protecting against the UV damage that is known to cause skin cancer.
To that point, "since Homosalate has very limited efficacy against UVA rays, it needs to be combined with other agents to ensure complete protection in broad-spectrum,".
(That homosalate isn't particularly photostable and needs to be combined with other ingredients to keep it stable as well.)


*Broad-spectrum sunscreen ingredient:
Homosalate's this combination of chemical sunscreen ingredients, some of which work against UVA rays and some of which work against UVB rays, that will offer a larger range of protection so that a sunscreen can be called "broad-spectrum,".



WHERE DOES HOMOSALATE COME FROM ?
Homosalate is a synthetic organic compound (based on carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) that absorbs UV rays.



WHY HOMOSALATE WORKS?
Homosalate prevents direct skin exposure to the sun by absorbing ultraviolet (UV) light.
More specifically, Homosalate absorbs short-wave UVB rays and converts it to heat that presents it from causing DNA damage to skin cells.



FUNCTIONS OF HOMOSALATE IN COSMETIC PRODUCTS:
*UV ABSORBER
Homosalate protects the cosmetic product from damage caused by UV light
*UV FILTER
Homosalate protects skin or hair from harmful UV radiation



IT AT A GLANCE OF HOMOSALATE:
*A globally approved UV filter
*Mostly protects within the UVB range
*Serves as a solvent for other UV filters, making them easier to work with
*Considered low risk for triggering an allergic reaction
*Often seen in sunscreens with higher SPF ratings



ORIGIN OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate is an ester that is made by the esterification of 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol and salicylic acid.
The latter has the ability to absorb UV rays and protect the skin from damage.
Homosalate appears as a clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid and has a slight minty odor.
Homosalate is purified for use in the cosmetic industry.



WHAT DOES HOMOSALATE DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Uv absorber
*Uv filter



SAFETY PROFILE OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate is generally considered safe for use when applied topically.
While regulatory bodies permit its use within specified limits, individuals with sensitive skin may choose alternative sunscreens.
Additionally, Homosalate is a vegan and halal ingredient.
Homosalate has a shelf life of 2-3 years.



ALTERNATIVES OF HOMOSALATE:
*OCTOCRYLENE



WHERE DOES HOMOSALATE COME FROM?
Homosalate is a synthetic organic compound (based on carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) that absorbs UV rays.



WHY IS HOMOSALATE USED?
Homosalate protects the skin from the sun's harmful effects, which can lead to skin cancer in the long-term.
Homosalate remains stable and therefore provides effective protection during exposure to the sun.



FUNCTIONS OF HOMOSALATE:
*Masking :
Homosalate reduces or inhibits the odor or basic taste of the product
*Uv absorber :
Homosalate protects the cosmetic product from UV-light effects
*Uv filter :
Homosalate filters certain UV rays to protect the skin or hair from the harmful effects of these rays.



HOW IS HOMOSALATE PRODUCED?
Homosalate is produced through the Fischer–Speier esterification of salicylic acid and 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, a hydrogenated derivative of isophorone.
The salicylic acid portion of the molecule absorbs ultraviolet rays with a wavelength from 295 nm to 315 nm, protecting the skin from sun damage.
The hydrophobic trimethyl cyclohexyl group provides greasiness that prevents it from dissolving in water.



WHERE DOES HOMOSALATE COME FROM?
Homosalate is a synthetic organic compound (based on carbon, oxygen and hydrogen) that absorbs UV rays.



WHAT IS HOMOSALATE USED FOR IN OUR PRODUCTS ?
We use homosalate in our sunscreen products in combination with all other sunscreens.
This sun filter is a very good solvent for other filters, thus limiting the use of other oily compounds and limiting the greasiness and stickiness of products.



AIR AND WATER REACTIONS OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate will hydrolyze under basic conditions. .
Homosalate is insoluble in water.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF HOMOSALATE:
Homosalate is an ester and a phenol.
Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.
Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products.
Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions.
Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides.



SAFETY OF HOMOSALATE:
Similar to other UV filter compounds, more Homosalate is absorbed into the uppermost stratum corneum (ie, the stratum disjunctum) of the face (25% of applied dose) versus back of volunteers.
This amounted to approximately two to three times the amount of sunscreen that was present in the superficial stratum corneum layers of the face compared with the back.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HOMOSALATE:
Chemical formula: C16H22O3
Molar mass: 262.349 g·mol−1
Density: 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: < -20 °C
Boiling point: 181–185 °C (358–365 °F; 454–458 K)
Solubility in water: 0.4 mg/L
Hazards:
Flash point: 171 °C (340 °F; 444 K)
CAS Number:118-56-9
Molecular Weight:262.34
Beilstein:2731604
EC Number:204-260-8
MDL number:MFCD00019377
Molecular Weight: 262.34 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 5

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 262.15689456 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 262.15689456 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 19
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 324
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Freezing point: < -20 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 181 - 185 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 170,8 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 402 °C at 1.004 - 1.023 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: 85,1 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 0,4 g/l at 25 °C slightly soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: > 6 at 40 °C

Vapor pressure: ca.0,013 hPa at 20 °C
Density: No data available
Relative density: 1,05 at 20 °C
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Boiling Point: 181-185°C
Melting Point: <-20°C
Solubility: Insoluble in water
CBNumber:CB2203124
Molecular Formula:C16H22O3
Molecular Weight:262.34
MDL Number:MFCD00019377
MOL File:118-56-9.mol

Boiling point: 161-165°C (12 torr)
Density: 1.05
vapor pressure: 0.015Pa at 25℃
refractive index: n20 1.516 to 1.518
Flash point: 169 - 173℃
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), DMSO (Slightly)
pka: 8.10±0.30(Predicted)
color: Colourless
Odor: at 100.00?%. mild menthol
Water Solubility: BRN: 2731604
LogP: 6.27 at 25℃
FDA 21 CFR: 352.70
CAS DataBase Reference: 118-56-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 2-4
FDA UNII: V06SV4M95S
NIST Chemistry Reference: Homosalate(118-56-9)
EPA Substance Registry System: 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate (118-56-9)



FIRST AID MEASURES of HOMOSALATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HOMOSALATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HOMOSALATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HOMOSALATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Respiratory protection:
Not required; except in case of aerosol formation.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HOMOSALATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Store at Room Temperature.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HOMOSALATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available


Homosalate (hms), Homomethyl salicylate
SYNONYMS 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester, 3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl salicylate, Homomenthyl salicylate, Homosalate , Homomenthyl Salicylate; T/N Kemester HMS USP; Salicylic Acid; M-Homomethyl Ester; T/N: Neo Heliopan HMS; Uniderm HMS Cas : 118-56-9
HONEYSUCKLE FLOWER & STEM EXTRACT

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the Lonicera species, known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is widely recognized for its ability to soothe irritated skin, fight infections, and protect against oxidative stress, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare, wellness, and traditional medicinal formulations.
This versatile extract offers both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits, helping to maintain healthy skin, support immune function, and reduce inflammation.

CAS Number: 84603-62-3
EC Number: 283-290-3

Synonyms: Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract, Lonicera Extract, Lonicera Japonica Extract, Honeysuckle Herbal Extract, Japanese Honeysuckle Extract, Honeysuckle Phytocomplex, Lonicera Bioactive Extract, Lonicera Stem Active, Honeysuckle Flower Herbal Extract, Jin Yin Hua Extract



APPLICATIONS


Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is extensively used in skincare products for its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties, helping to calm irritated and sensitive skin.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is favored in the creation of antimicrobial formulations, offering natural protection against bacterial and viral infections.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is utilized in the development of antioxidant-rich products, providing protection against oxidative stress and environmental damage.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is widely used in traditional medicinal formulations for its immune-boosting and antimicrobial benefits.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is employed in the formulation of anti-acne treatments, where it helps to reduce inflammation and fight acne-causing bacteria.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is essential in the creation of holistic wellness products designed to promote skin health, reduce inflammation, and support the immune system.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is utilized in the production of natural remedies for colds and flu, providing immune-boosting and antimicrobial benefits.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is a key ingredient in soothing creams, where it helps to calm and relieve irritated skin.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is used in the development of anti-inflammatory supplements, providing natural relief from chronic inflammation and promoting overall wellness.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is applied in the formulation of face masks, providing antioxidant protection and soothing care for sensitive skin.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is employed in the creation of herbal teas, offering immune-boosting and detoxifying benefits for overall health.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is used in the production of body lotions, providing soothing relief for irritated and inflamed skin.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is widely utilized in the formulation of anti-aging products, offering antioxidant and skin-soothing benefits that support healthy aging.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is a key component in the creation of holistic skincare formulations, helping to protect the skin from environmental stressors while promoting skin healing.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is used in the production of daily-use skincare products, providing balanced antioxidant care and protection for all skin types.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is employed in traditional herbal medicine, where it is used for its detoxifying, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is applied in the development of detox teas, offering benefits for cleansing the body and supporting immune function.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is utilized in the creation of wellness products designed to reduce inflammation and support skin healing.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is found in the formulation of antioxidant serums, providing skin-protecting and calming benefits for sensitive or irritated skin.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is used in the production of immune-boosting supplements, providing natural support for overall immune function and protection against infections.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is a key ingredient in anti-inflammatory creams, offering relief from irritation and inflammation while promoting skin healing.



DESCRIPTION


Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is a natural botanical ingredient derived from the Lonicera species, known for its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is widely recognized for its ability to soothe irritated skin, fight infections, and protect against oxidative stress, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare, wellness, and traditional medicinal formulations.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract offers additional benefits such as promoting skin healing, supporting immune function, and reducing signs of aging.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is often incorporated into formulations designed to calm sensitive skin, reduce inflammation, and protect against environmental damage.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is recognized for its ability to enhance overall skin health by providing soothing, antimicrobial, and antioxidant benefits.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is commonly used in both traditional and modern wellness formulations, providing a reliable solution for maintaining healthy skin, supporting immune function, and reducing inflammation.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is valued for its ability to protect the skin from oxidative stress, making it a key ingredient in products that aim to improve skin resilience and overall health.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is a versatile ingredient that can be used in a variety of products, including skincare, supplements, teas, and wellness beverages.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is an ideal choice for products targeting skin health, immune support, and inflammation reduction, providing natural and effective support for these concerns.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is known for its compatibility with other skin-soothing and immune-boosting ingredients, allowing it to be easily integrated into multi-functional formulations.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is often chosen for formulations requiring a balance between skin protection, antioxidant care, and antimicrobial action, ensuring comprehensive skin and immune health benefits.

Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract enhances the overall effectiveness of wellness products by providing natural support for skin health, immune function, and inflammation reduction.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is a reliable ingredient for creating products that offer noticeable improvements in skin clarity, irritation reduction, and immune function.
Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is an essential component in innovative skincare and wellness products that stand out in the market for their performance, safety, and ability to support skin health and immunity.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: N/A (Natural extract)
Common Name: Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract (Lonicera spp. Extract)
Molecular Structure:
Appearance: Yellow to brown liquid or powder extract
Density: Approx. 1.00-1.05 g/cm³ (for powder)
Melting Point: N/A (powder form)
Solubility: Soluble in water and ethanol; insoluble in oils
Flash Point: >100°C (for powder)
Reactivity: Stable under normal conditions; no known reactivity issues
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Storage Temperature: Store between 15-25°C in a cool, dry place
Vapor Pressure: Low (for liquid extract)



FIRST AID


Inhalation:
If Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.

Skin Contact:
Wash the affected area with soap and water.
If skin irritation persists, seek medical attention.

Eye Contact:
In case of eye contact, flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.

Ingestion:
If Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.

Note to Physicians:
Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles if handling large quantities.
Use in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhalation of dust.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation when handling large amounts of Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct contact with eyes and prolonged skin contact.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb with inert material (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.
Dispose of in accordance with local regulations.

Storage:
Store Honeysuckle Flower & Stem Extract in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid inhalation of dust and direct contact with skin and eyes.
Use explosion-proof equipment in areas where dust or vapors may be present.

Hoodia gordonii
hoodia gordonii extract; extract of the whole plant, hoodia gordonii, apocynaceae CAS NO:999999-999-4
HOPS (HUMULUS LUPULUS) FLOWER EXTRACT
Perennial climbing vine that grows wild and also is cultivated extensively in several central European countries, North America, Brazil, and Australia.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract has shoots up to 10 m (33 ft.) in length, opposite leaves, greenish-yellow flowers (June to September), and ovoidal fruits surrounded by a calix.
The part used is the female flower catkins from the climbing vine and the (lupulin) glandular trichomes dried at 38°C maximum.

CAS: 8060-28-4
EINECS: 232-504-3

Synonyms
Hop, Humulus lupulus, ext.;Hops0.3%;Humulilupulifloresextractumasiccus;Hopfen, Humulus lupulus, Extrakt;HOPFENOEL DEUTSCH;HOPS SOLID EXTRACT;Einecs 232-504-3;Fema no. 2579;8060-28-4;Hop, Humulus lupulus, ext.;3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6,6-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;(1Z,4E,8Z)-4,8-dimethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undeca-1,4,8-triene;3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-;2-enyl)-2-(4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;WOFBPYVSLWNDPQ-HCLWIVLTSA-N;3,5-dihydroxy-2-(3-methylbutanoyl)-4,6,6-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one;(4E,8E)-4,8-dimethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undeca-1,4,8-triene;3,5,6-trihydroxy-4,6-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2-(4-methylpent-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-one

Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract has a bitter, tonic, aromatic flavor.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract is present in hops in amounts of approximately 0.5%; yields after distillation range around 0.25%.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract exhibits different physical-chemical constants depending on the source.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract contains P-myrcene, dipentene, α- and p-caryophyllene, humulone, linalool, methyl nonyl ketone, and other substances.
Beef flavor is associated with hops; the bitter flavor is given by the resin, the flavor complex of the essential oil.
The derivatives are infusion (1.5%), fluid extract, tincture (20% in 40% ethanol), concrete, and absolute.
The main constituents of lupulin are a bitter resin containing humulone, lupulone, lactaric acid, cerotic acid, and ceryl alcohol.

Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract's botanical name is Humulus Lupulus.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract is a dioecious plant (i.e., where male and female flowers are found on separate plants), has heart-shaped leaves, and grows to about 3-6 meters in height.
The male flowers are in small loose bunches, and the female flowers are leafy and cone-like catkins.
The female flowers are used for herbal medicine and brewing.

Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract is a polyvalent herbal extract plus anti-irritants.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract contains extracts from fennel, hops, camomile, balm-mint, mistletoe and yarrow as well as urea and allantoin in a water-ethanol medium.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract is unpreserved.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract is recommended for use in aqueous and aqueous alcoholic herbal cosmetics (including bath and shampoo preparations) for sensitive and slightly irritated skin and scalps.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract may also be used for preventive care of skin and scalps/hair of all types.

Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 400℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 1[at 20℃]
Vapor pressure: 1.84hPa at 25℃
FEMA: 2578 | HOPS EXTRACT (HUMULUS LUPULUS L.)
Odor: at 100.00 %. woody green citrus malt tagette
Odor Type: woody
Water Solubility: 1.6mg/L at 20℃
LogP: 5.2 at 40℃

Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract is an excellent ingredient for skin and hair care applications thanks to its antioxidant content.
In addition, Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract exhibits noticeable antibacterial activity and is effective against many harmful bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract is a perfect natural ingredient for anti-acne preparations and deodorants.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract is used as a purifier in skin cleaners, lotions, toners, and gels.
Hops (Humulus Lupulus) Flower extract can also be used in shampoos, conditioners, and hair coloring products to add body to the hair.
Hordeum vulgare
hordeum vulgare extract (cereal grass); extract of the cereal grass of the barley, hordeum vulgare l., graminae; barley extract (cereal grass); barley grass extract; barley solid extract type MB; hordeum sativum extract; hordeum vulgare P.E CAS NO: 85251-64-5
HORNY GOAT WEED (EPIMEDIUM) EXTRACT
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is one of the major flavonoids of the herb Epimedium, which has long been used in Tranditional Chinese Medicine to treat bone fracture and prevent osteoporosis.
Research has shown that Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract should be an effective component for the bone-strengthening activity of the herb Epimedium, and one of the possible mechanisms for this activity is to stimulate the proliferation and enhance the osteogenic differentiation of marrow stromal cells.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is reported to prevent and treat sexual dysfunction related diseases and improve the use of vasoconstriction.

CAS: 489-32-7
MF: C33H40O15
MW: 676.66
EINECS: 610-440-0

Synonyms
Horny goat weed extract;ICARIINE;ICARRIN;epimedium extract;Epimedium herb Ext;Epimedium P.E;Icariin, froM EpiMediuM davidii Franch;Icariin Min 90%

Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is used to prepare angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor medicines, which can be used to treat hypertension-complicated coronary diseases.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is a member of the class of flavonols that is kaempferol which is substituted at position 8 by a 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group and in which the hydroxy groups at positions 3, 4', and 7 have been converted to the corresponding 6-deoxy-alpha-L-mannopyranoside, methyl ether, and beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.
A phoshphodiesterase-5 inhibitor, Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is obtained from several species of plants in the genus Epimedium and is thought to be the main active ingredient of the Chinese herbal medicine Herba Epimedii (yinyanghuo).
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract has a role as a bone density conservation agent, a phytoestrogen, an EC 3.1.4.35 (3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase) inhibitor and an antioxidant.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is a glycosyloxyflavone and a member of flavonols.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is a prenylated flavonol and the major bioactive compound found in Epimedium herb.

Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract Chemical Properties
Melting point: 223-225 ºC
Alpha: D15 -87.09° (in pyridine)
Boiling point: 948.5±65.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.55
RTECS: DJ2980500
storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility DMSO: soluble50mg/mL, clear, colorless to dark yellow
Form: Powder
pka: 5.90±0.40(Predicted)
Color: light yellow to yellow
λmax: 350nm(MeOH)(lit.)
Merck: 14,3617
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: TZJALUIVHRYQQB-XLRXWWTNSA-N
LogP: 1.736 (est)

Uses
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract has been used as a test material to investigate its, in vitro effect in promoting mouse hair follicle growth, which is assessed by vibrissae hair follicle (VHF) organ-culture model.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is also used as a hepatoprotective.

Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract has been used:
in the preparation of topical treatment to determine its effects on the improvement of cutaneous wound healing in rats
to test its analgesic effects on lower back pain (LBP) in rats
as a potential treatment in osteoporosis condition in rats
to study its effects on palmitate (PA)-induced insulin resistance in skeletal muscle C2C12 myotubes
as a neuroprotective agent to study its effects on amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced neuronal insulin resistance in human neuroblastoma SK-N-MC cells

Biological Activity
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract exhibits inhibitory effects on cgmp-specific phosphodiesterase pde5 and camp-specific phosphodiesterase pde4 activities.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is a crucial regulator of camp/pka signaling.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract are encoded by 21 genes which can be sdivided into 11 families according to the substrate specificities and subcellular localization.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract are widely expressed in neurons.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract has been implicated in regulating some physiological processes such as smooth muscle relaxation and neuronal survival.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract has been associated with the darpp-32 signaling pathway and dopaminergic neurotransmission.

Biochem/physiol Actions
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is a potent neuroprotective agent in neurodegenerative disorders and other disorders affecting the nervous system.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract elicits anti-aging properties in unfertilized oocytes against age-related damage.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties aiding protection in chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated renal fibrosis in mouse model.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract also serves as an excellent antidiabetic and anti-atherosclerotic agent.
Horny Goat Weed (Epimedium) extract is an excellent anti-cancer agent.
HORSE CHESTNUT EXTRACT
Horse Chestnut extract is a natural Horse Chestnut extract made from whole plant.
Other parts, for example, the bark have been used as a yellow dye.
Horse Chestnut extract contains 20% of extract dissolved in water and glycerin.

CAS: 8053-39-2
EINECS: 232-497-7

Synonyms
Horse chestnut, Aesculus hippocastanum, ext.;AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM (HORSE CHESTNUT) SEED EXTRACT;Aesculus hippocastanum extract;Dried extract;aesculus hippocastanum seed extract;aesculus hippocastanum fruit powder

Has soothing, anti-irritant and toning properties on the skin.
Widely used in products for aged and fragile skin but also for anti-blotchiness.
The fatty acids, proteins and short-chain sugars can help repair hair that is damaged by dyes, hair dryers and chemical treatments.
Widely used in hair care products as it does not cause buildup.

Horse Chestnut extract is a plant extract that provides anti-inflammatory, veinotonic and astringent effects for slimming treatments, anti-couperose creams and shampoos.
Horse Chestnut extract belongs to the Hippocastanaceae plant family.
Horse Chestnut extract contains triterpenoid saponins (notably aescin), coumarins and flavonoids.
Horse Chestnut extract is recommended for use in slimming treatment (anti-water retention) anti-couperose creams and shampoos.

Horse Chestnut extracts are used due to their anti-inflammatory, astringent and veinotonic effects for slimming treatment, anti-couperose creams and shampoos.
Horse Chestnut extract contains triterpenoid saponins (notably aescin), coumarins and flavonoids.
Beta-escin, the main active constituent, has anti-inflammatory properties
Horse Chestnut extract is a tree native to parts of southeastern Europe.
Horse Chestnut extract's fruits contain seeds that resemble sweet chestnuts but have a bitter taste.
Historically, Horse Chestnut extract seed extract was used for joint pain, bladder and gastrointestinal problems, fever, leg cramps, and other conditions.

Uses
In shampoos, skin care products, body and hand creams, lotions.
Horse Chestnut extract is a standardized extract obtained from the seeds of the Horse Chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum) tree that contains 90% escin.
Horse Chestnut extract is a mixture of saponins that is known to help maintain healthy blood circulation and strengthen the capillaries and veins, reducing cellulitis and spider veins.
Horse Chestnut extract inhibits enzymes such as hyaluronidase and collagenase, with potentially beneficial effects on the texture and appearance of the skin.
Horse Chestnut extract also has wound healing effects and anti-inflammatory properties and can be used in topical formulations such as creams, lotions or gels.
HORSETAIL STEM & LEAF EXTRACT
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is derived from huge, tree-like plants that thrived 400 million years ago during the Paleozoic era.
A close relative of the fern, Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is a nonflowering weed found throughout parts of Europe, Asia, the Middle East, and North America.
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is a perennial (returns each year) with hollow stems and shoots that look like asparagus at first.

CAS: 71011-23-9
EINECS: 275-123-8

Synonyms
Equisetum arvense, ext.;EQUISETUM ARVENSE LEAF EXTRACT;Equisetum arvensi (horsetail), extract;Cattail ext.;horsetail water

As Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract dries, silica crystals that form in the stems and branches look like feathery tails and give the plant a scratching effect.
That accounts for Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract's historic use in polishing metal, particularly pewter.
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is an extract in a medium of Glycerin / Water (50:50) of the sterile stem "Equisetum arvense L.".
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract has a number of flavonoids, including quercetin, isoquercetin, kaempferol (and its derivatives), galuteolin and equisetrin.
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract provides water soluble silicon, easily absorbable by the organism, better than other galenic forms.

In humans, Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is involved in collagen synthesis and contributes consistence and hardness to structures such as bones, tendons, nails, hair, cartilage, cornea, etc.
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract may be used in products for massage, skin restoring elasticity (striae, wrinkles), antiperspirants, hair lotions (hair loss) and cleansers.
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract acts as an astringent and anti-irritant.
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is an aqueous glycolic preparation derived from the plant Equisetum Arvense.
Possesses anti-cellulite properties.
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is used in hair care, toiletries, surfactant water-based products, emulsions and aqueous-alcoholic products.

Horsetail is rich in silica.
Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is required to produce collagen, an essential component of the skin, blood vessels, joints, and other connective tissues.
That's why Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract is a popular supplement for hair, skin and nail health, as well as bones and joints.
The Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract belongs to the family of ferns and is known for its high antioxidant and mineral content.
In fact, one capsule contains 500 mg organic Horsetail Stem & Leaf extract which is equivalent to 2500 mg dried horsetail.
HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G
HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G = COLANYL BLUE B2G 131 = PHTHALOCYANINE BLUE


CAS Number: 147-14-8
EC-Number : 205-685-1
Molecular Formula : C32H16CuN8


Hostafine Blue B2G is Cu phthalocyanine which is a pigment dispersion of approx. 40% pigment based on nonionic dispersing and wetting agents, and on glycol.
Hostafine Blue B2G is a pigment dispersion of approx. 40% pigment and is based on nonionic dispersing and wetting agents and glycol.


The Colour Index of the basic pigment is Pigment Blue 15:3.
Hostafine Blue B2G is a binder free.
Hostafine Blue B2G is a dye.


Hostafine Blue B2G is a binder-free, aqueous pigment preparation based on nonionic and / or anionic wetting and dispersing agents as well as on propylene glycol.
Hostafine Blue B2G is aqueous, binder free pigment preparations that are based on non-ionic and/or anionic wetting and dispersing agents.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
Hostafine Blue B2G is suitable for wood stains.
Hostafine Blue B2G has an extremely low particle size, so its distribution gives very good gloss, transparency, and sedimentation properties in aqueous systems.


Hostafine Blue B2G offers superior fastness properties compared to dyes.
Hostafine Blue B2G provides high tinting strength and brilliance.
The extremly low particle size distribution gives very good gloss, transparency and sedimentation properties in aqueous systems.


Because of the excellent weathering fastness, Hostafine Blue B2G is suitable for interior and exterior use.
Hostafine Blue B2G is used in emulsion paints, synthetic resign bound renderings, acrylic and polyester casting resins, latices and aqueous wood stains.


Hostafine Blue B2G pigment preparations are especially suitable for water-based transparent wood stains.
They can also be used for other applications such as aqueous emulsion paints, glass paints, water-colors, latex and water resistant inks, inks for fiber-tip fineliner and roller-tip pens.


Because of it's good durability, Hostafine Blue B2G can be used for interior and exterior use after adequate weathering tests.
Hostafine Blue B2G is used Emulsion paints, Synthetic resin bound renderings, Acrylic and polyester casting resins, Aqueous wood stains, Latices, and Acrylic and polyester casting resins


Hostafine Blue B2G is used decorative paints based on aqueous emulsion paints and plasters/renderings based on aqueous polymer dispersions.
Hostafine Blue B2G has a pourable and pumpable consistency and is suitable for dosing machines.
Hostafine Blue B2G is suitable for stationery, woodstains, latex, viscose fibres, detergents.



BENEFITS OF HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
*Ultra finely dispersed pigment preparations
*High tinting strength and brilliance
*Outstanding transparency
*Superior fastness properties compared to dyes
*Easy-to-handle liquid pigment preparation
*Highly consistent quality
*Low viscosity and very good sedimentation behaviour
*Preparation of ultrafinely dispersed pi pigments
*High tinting strength and brightness excellent transparency
*Excellent fastness properties compared to dyes
*Easy-to-handle liquid paint preparation highly consistent quality
*Binder-free aqueous pigment preparation for water-based decorative paints
*Manufactured without using alkyl phenol ethoxylated (APEO) additives
*Suitable for manual and automatic dispensing equipment
*Miscible in all proportions with each other pigment preparation of the Colanyl 100 range



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
Density [g/cm3]: 1.20
Viscosity [Pa*s]: < 2.0
Specific Surface: [m2/g] –
Pigment Content approx. [%]: 40
Water Content approx. [%]: 42
Appearance: Fluid
Molecular weight : 576,07 g/mol
pH: 6.7
Density: 1.26 g/ml
Color Index: Pigment Blue 153
Solids, by weight: %54
Grav. tinct. Strength [%]: 97-103
Vol. tinct. Strength [%]: 95-105


Density [g/cm3]: 1.19-1.26
Shade dH (*): +/- 0.5
Purity dC (*): +/- 0.8
Viscosity [Pa*s]: 0.3-1.3
Physical state: powder
Color: No data available
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point: 350 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: 356 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available


Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 0,0001 hPa at 20 °C
Density: No data available
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Solubility in other solvents
Ethanol - insoluble



FIRST AID MEASURES of HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
-Environmental precautions:
No special environmental precautions required.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
-Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
No special environmental precautions required.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
-Precautions for safe handling:
Hygiene measures:
General industrial hygiene practice.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HOSTAFINE BLUE B2G:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
Copper(II) phthalocyanine
Pigment Blue 15
CuPc
COLANYL BLUE B2G 131
PHTHALOCYANINE BLUE


Hostafine Blue B2G
cas no: 100-97-0 1,3,5,7- Tetraazaadamantane; Ammonioformaldehyde; Aceto HMT; Aminoform; Ammoform; Cystamin; Cystogen; Esametilentetramina (Italian); Formamine; Formin; Hexaform; Hexamethylenamine; Urotropin; Hexamethyleneamine; Hexamethylenetetraamine; Hexamethylentetramin (German); Hexamethylentetramine; Hexilmethylenamine; HMT; Methamin; Methenamine; Resotropin; Uritone; Urotropine; Esametilentetramina (Italian); 1,3,5,7-Tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane;
Hostafine Red FGR 30
Hexamethylenetetramine; Hexamine; 1,3,5,7- Tetraazaadamantane; Ammonioformaldehyde; Aceto HMT; Aminoform; Ammoform; Cystamin; Cystogen; Esametilentetramina (Italian); Formamine; Formin; Hexaform; Urotropin; Hexamethyleneamine; Hexamethylentetramin (German); Hexilmethylenamine; HMT; Methamin; Methenamine; Resotropin; Uritone; Urotropine; Esametilentetramina (Italian) CAS NO:100-97-0
Hostaperm Blue A4R
hexyl laurate; Hexyl dodecanoate; Dodecanoic acid, hexyl ester; Hexyllaurat;Lauric acid hexyl ester; Einecs 251-932-1; Hexyl dodecanoat; Laurinsaeurehexylester cas no: 34316-64-8
Hostaperm Green GNX
2-Hexyl-1-decanol; 2425-77-6; 2-Hexyldecan-1-ol; 1-Decanol, 2-hexyl-; 2-Hexyldecyl Alcohol cas no: 2425-77-6
Hostaperm Oxide Yellow BV02
Hexyldecyl stearate; Octadecanoic acid, 2-hexyldecyl ester; 17618-45-0; Eutanol G 16S; 2-Hexyldecyl stearate cas no: 17618-45-0
Hostaperm Yellow H4G
HEXYLENE GLYCOL; 2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol; Diolane; Hexylene glycol; 2-Methylpentane-2,4-diol; 2-Metilpentano-2,4-diol; 2-Méthylpentane-2,4-diol; (+-)-2-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol; 1,1,3-Trimethyltrimethylenediol; 2,4-Dihydroxy-2-methylpentane; 4-Methyl-2,4-pentanediol; alpha,alpha,alpha'-Trimethyltrimethylene glycol; cas no: 107-41-5, 99113-75-4
HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE)
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a very mild anionic surfactant based on a natural amino acid and coconut oil giving an excellent skin feel in shower gels, facial and body washes.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is convenient to use and can be processed cold.


CAS Number: 68187-32-6
EC Number: 269-087-2
MDL Number:MFCD08704367
Chem/IUPAC Name: L-Glutamic acid, N-coco acyl derivs., monosodium salts
Molecular Formula: C5H7NNa2O4



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Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is an anionic surfactant of amino acid series.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is very mild.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is rich and delicate, and has the function of stabilizing bubbles.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is especially suitable for no sulfate bath shampoo and cleansing formula, and has good compatibility.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a white solid, widely used in the food industry as a flavor enhancer and in the pharmaceutical industry as a component of drugs.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) has the special property of being able to enhance the umami taste in food products.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is an anionic surfactant produced from L-Glutamic acid and plant-derived coconut fatty acid.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a very mild anionic surfactant based on a natural amino acid and coconut oil giving an excellent skin feel in shower gels, facial and body washes.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is convenient to use and can be processed cold.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is an ideal surfactant for the production of mild hair and body cleansing products, such as shampoos, shower gels, liquid soaps, cleansing lotions and baby care products.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) also exhibits characteristics such as good skin compatibility, biodegradability and pleasant feel on the skin.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) provides no irritation, no tears and no damage to skin lipids.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in special shampoos & bubble baths, cream & lotions, wet wipes and liquid soaps.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is also used in ultra-mild formulations, hair styling and intimate cleansers.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) reduces formulation complexity due to its multi-functional properties: mildness, moisturization, and a pleasant skin feel.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is readily biodegradable and free of added preservatives.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a very mild cleansing agent that lathers slightly.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is derived from coconut fatty acid and glutamic acid, an amino acid.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can be found in cleansers, acne products, body gels, and shampoos.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is non flammable
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a very mild cleansing agent that lathers slightly.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is derived from coconut fatty acid and glutamic acid, an amino acid.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can be found in cleansers, acne products, body gels, and shampoos.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a naturally occurring amino acid that is used as a food additive.
Most of our shampoos and toothpaste have a foaming quality to them.


This is achieved by adding certain ingredients to the formulations - and Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is one among them.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a vegetable-based surfactant that is light on the skin and hair and does not weigh them down.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) also serves as an emulsifier - helping the ingredients to combine well and form a smooth texture.


The chemical formula of Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is C5H8NNaO4.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can be used as the main surfactant alone in the formula.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can also be used as an auxiliary surfactant and soap base, AES, etc.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is mainly used in hair and body care products such as shampoo, bath lotion, liquid soap, facial cleanser, and gentle baby care products.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is also suitable for home care products such as hand sanitizer, fruit and vegetable detergent, detergent, etc.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) has a mild taste and odor, which makes it ideal for use in skin-care and hair-care products.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is also gentle on the skin, making it suitable for use in products designed for people with sensitive skin.
In terms of applications, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can be found in a wide range of products, including shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, and more.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
Cosmetic Uses of Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate):cleansing agents and surfactants
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, leather treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes, pharmaceuticals and air care products.
Other release to the environment of Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.


Other release to the environment of Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines).
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys).


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, pharmaceuticals, air care products and polishes and waxes.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in the following areas: health services, formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Other release to the environment of Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, leather treatment products and paper chemicals and dyes.


Release to the environment of Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, inks and toners, leather treatment products, paper chemicals and dyes, fuels and oil and gas exploration or production products.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in the following areas: offshore mining.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.


Release to the environment of Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a preservative-free, mild, anionic surfactant based on a natural amino acid and coconut oil.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a plant-based and cold-processable co-emulsifier.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) gives an excellent skin feel in shower gels, facial and body washes.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) shows good foaming behaviour and viscosity-reducing effect.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) contains no salt and no propylene glycol.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) exhibits surface and interfacial activity and reduces water & energy consumption at the end consumer level due to easy rinse-off.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a mild, sulfate free surfactant based on a natural amino acid and coconut oil.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a very mild anionic surfactant based on a natural amino acid and coconut oil giving an excellent skin feel in shower gels and facial & body washes.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used Shower, Liquid Soap, Shampoo, Wet Wipe, Hair Styling, Cream, Lotion.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a plant-based, cold-processable co-emulsifier.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) offers characteristics such as good skin compatibility, biodegradability, a pleasant feel on the skin and free of preservatives.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate)exhibits no irritation, no tears and no damage to skin lipids.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in special shampoos & bubble baths, cream & lotions, wet wipes, liquid soaps, ultra-mild formulations, hair styling and intimate cleansers.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) has an excellent conditioning effect to the skin, leaving moisturized feeling without tautness.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) also has an excellent conditioning effect to the hair.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is suitable for baby care products and sensitive skin.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a naturally occurring amino acid that is used as a food additive.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is produced by the hydrolysis of casein and has been shown to have positive effects on brain functions as well as biochemical properties.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) also has been shown to reduce the activity of disease-causing bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, which can cause diseases in humans.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is an important intermediate for many industrial processes, such as wastewater treatment and the production of monosodium glutamate.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) has been found to inhibit human cells from producing energy from glucose and other sugars, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a very mild anionic surfactant based on a natural amino acid and coconut oil giving an excellent skin feel in shower gels and facial & body washes.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a very mild cleansing agent that lathers slightly.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is derived from coconut fatty acid and glutamic acid, an amino acid.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) can be found in cleansers, acne products, body gels, and shampoos.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a magical ingredient that is light on skin and hair, while also providing multiple benefits when added to the formulations.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is used in a range of products such as shampoos, toothpaste, liquid soaps, etc.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is produced by the hydrolysis of casein and has been shown to have positive effects on brain functions as well as biochemical properties.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) also has been shown to reduce the activity of disease-causing bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, which can cause diseases in humans.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is an important intermediate for many industrial processes, such as wastewater treatment and the production of monosodium glutamate.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a type of mild anionic surfactant that has become increasingly popular in recent years.


This organic compound, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate), is derived from natural sources, and is considered to be eco-friendly.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) appears as a pale yellow liquid that is free from sediments.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate)'s molecular formula is C18H32NNaO6.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is soluble in water, but only slightly soluble in alcohol.
Its melting point is not applicable as Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) exists in its liquid form.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is an organic compound that is derived from coconut oil and fermented sugar.


Density-wise, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) has a specific gravity of around 1.04 to 1.05 at 20°C.
Characteristics-wise, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is known for its ability to effectively clean and remove dirt and oil from the skin and hair, without drying them out.


When it comes to packaging and transportation, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is often stored in plastic or metal drums, and is transported in a safe and secure manner.
The manufacturing procedure for Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) involves the fermentation of sugar, which is then mixed with coconut oil and undergoes a series of chemical reactions.


In conclusion, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a highly useful and versatile organic compound that has a wide range of applications, particularly in the personal care industry.
With its gentle yet effective cleansing properties and eco-friendly nature, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is no wonder that this ingredient has become so popular in recent years.


Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a colorless to light yellow liquid amino acid surfactant synthesized by condensation of natural fatty acids and valley amino acid salts.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) plays a crucial role in improving the taste of various food products and is commonly used in the production of snacks, soups, sauces, and seasonings.


-Skin care:
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is a cleansing agent and a good emulsifier that leaves the skin gentler, cleaner, conditioned and smoother without being too harsh.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is effective for sensitive or oily skin types.


-Hair care:
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) has foaming qualities to it.
When in formulations, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) forms a rich lather that feels good and does not irritate the hair or scalp.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) has a stabilizing effect on the bubbles, which means that they last longer before breaking down.



PERFORMANCE CLAIMS OF HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
*Cleansing
*Cold-processable
*Gentle to skin
*Preservative-free



PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
1, the amount of foam, small irritation;
2, the product has the natural fragrance of coconut oil;
3, significantly reduce the defatting power of soap base;
4. Improve the foam form of soap base and the taut feeling after washing.



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
*Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is very mild to skin and eyes
*Buffer capacity at pH of skin
*Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) provides fine lather and smooth skin feel



CLAIMS OF HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
*Surfactants / Cleansing Agents > Anionics
*Emulsifiers > Co-emulsifiers
*wash-off / rinse
*bio-based
*preservative-free
*vegetal origin
*non-irritant
*vegan



ORIGIN OF HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is made by combining a coconut oil derivative with monosodium glutamate.
Apart from coconut oil derivative, palm kernel oil derivative is also used.
Further, monosodium glutamate is a substance that is obtained from either fruit sugars or fermented corn.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is thus good for the environment and also for the skin.



WHAT DOES HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Cleansing
*Emulsifying
*Foaming
*Smoothing
*Surfactant



SAFETY PROFILE OF HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is safe to be used on skin and hair.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) does not have any side effects when added up to the concentrations of 10%.
Contrary to the common misconception, Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) is gluten-free and is also safe for the environment.
Hostapon CGN (Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate) does not cause cancer and being derived from natural sources, is also vegan.



ALTERNATIVES OF HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
*SODIUM LAURYL SULFATE



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
*Co-emulsifier
*Plant-based
*Cold-processable
*Pleasant skin feel
*Based on renewable materials
*Free of preservatives
*China compliant



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
CHEMICAL NAME: Sodium Cocoyl Glutamate
PRODUCT FUNCTION: Mild Surfactant
CHEMICAL TYPE: Glutamates
Boiling Point: 334°C
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in: water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Boiling point: 229.81℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Density: 0.39[at 20℃]
vapor pressure: 0.079Pa at 25℃
solubility: 1.946g/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃
pka: 0[at 20 ℃]
Water Solubility: 87.8g/L at 37℃
LogP: 0.224 at 37℃
EWG's Food Scores: 1

FDA UNII: BMT4RCZ3HG
EPA Substance Registry System: L-Glutamic acid, N-coco acyl derivs., monosodium salts (68187-32-6)
CAS NO:68187-32-6
Molecular Formula: C5H7NNa2O4
Molecular Weight: 191.09300
EINECS: 269-087-2
Product Categories: amino acid series
Mol File: 68187-32-6.mol
Melting Point: N/A
Boiling Point: 229.81℃[at 101 325 Pa]
Flash Point: N/A
Appearance: Clear to pale yellow liquid
Density: 0.39[at 20℃]
Vapor Pressure: 0.079Pa at 25℃
Refractive Index: N/AStorage Temp.: N/A
Solubility: 1.946g/L in organic solvents at 20 ℃PKA: 0[at 20 ℃]
Water Solubility: 87.8g/L at 37℃

Product name: sodium cocoyl glutamate
CAS number: 68187-32-6
Molecular Formula: C5H9NO4Na
Grade: Cosmetic-grade
Appearance: White fine powder
Chemical Name: l-Glutamic acid, N-coco acyl derivs., monosodium salts
CAS Registry Number: 68187-32-6
PubChemID: 9794116
Molecular Weight: 169.11109
PSA: 106.28000
LogP: -2.70600
EINECS: 269-087-2(Monosodium)269-085-1
Molecular Formula: C5H7NNa2O4
CAS: 68187-32-6
MF: C5H9NO4?Na
EINECS: 269-087-2
Product Categories: amino acid series



FIRST AID MEASURES of HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.


STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HOSTAPON CGN (SODIUM COCOYL GLUTAMATE):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


HOSTAPON SCI-65 C
Hostapon SCI-65 C is easy to handle and provides lubricity, rich and abundant lather.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is a fatty acid isethionate, sodium salt with free fatty.


CAS Number: 61789-32-0, 57-11-4
Product Type: Additive > Surfactants
Additive > Foaming agent
INCI/Chemical Name: Sodium Cocoyl isethionate, Stearic acid



Hostapon SCI-65 C is a mild, anionic surfactant.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is easy to handle and provides lubricity, rich and abundant lather.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is based on purified coconut oil and causes no damage and irritation to sensitive skin.


Hostapon SCI-65 C imparts silky and soft skin after-feel and suitable for ultra mild formulations.
Hostapon SCI-65 C exhibits excellent performance in areas such as foam density & stability, lime soap dispersion and surface activity.
Hostapon SCI-65 C offers mildness and good resistance to hard water.


Hostapon SCI-65 C is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum.


Hostapon SCI-65 C imparts a silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
Hostapon SCI-65 C acts as a surfactant.
Advantages of Hostapon SCI-65 C: gentleness, Improved foam structure, and Good resistance to hard water.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is a fatty acid isethionate, sodium salt with free fatty.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
Hostapon SCI-65 C is used Shower, Liquid Soap, Shampoo, Syndet, Bar Soap.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is used face and body care products such as cleansing lotions, facial cleansers and exfoliators.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is used cosmetic and hygiene products for bathing.


Hostapon SCI-65 C is used shower gels and creams.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is used hygiene products for hand washing and soaps.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is used shampoos and hair conditioners.


Hostapon SCI-65 C is used in shower gels, special shampoos, mild cleansing lotions and liquid soaps as well as syndets and semisyndet soaps.
Hostapon SCI-65 C is used in shower, liquid- & bar soap, shampoo and syndet.



-Other Applications of Hostapon SCI-65 C:
*Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) > Facial cleansing > Cleansing lotions & toners
*Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) > Facial cleansing > Wet wipe lotions
*Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Shower & bath > Shower gels & creams
*Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Shower & bath > Toilet Soaps
*Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Hand wash
*Hair care (Shampoos, Conditioners & Styling) > Shampoos



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Silky skin feel
*Hard water tolerance
*China compliant



PERFORMANCE CLAIMS OF HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
*Cleansing
*Hard water tolerance
*Gentle to skin
*Enables solid formulations



CLAIMS OF HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
*Surfactants / Cleansing Agents > Anionics > Isethionates
*foam quality
*vegan
*silky feel
*mildness
*bio-based
*softness
*lubrication
*non-irritant
*water-resistant / waterproof



ADVANTAGES OF HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
*mildness
*improved foam structure
*good resistance to hard water



FIRST AID MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HOSTAPON SCI-65 C:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


HOSTAPON SCI-85 P
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild special surfactant.


CAS Number : 61789-32-0
EC Number : 263-052-5
INCI/Chemical Name: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
Chemical Name : Fatty acids, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salt
Chemical Formula : R-COOCH2CH2SO3Na / (R = C7-17 natural)



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Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum due to its hard water tolerance.
Hostapon SCI-85 P, characterized by CAS Number 61789-32-0, is a much-cherished mild surfactant boasting outstanding foaming capabilities and unparalleled cleansing attributes.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, foaming and excellent foam stabilizing anionic surfactant.
Hostapon SCI-85 P also provides a rich, creamy lather, is based on vegetable fatty acids and is readily biodegradable.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a top anionic powder surfactant,, very gentle and derived from all vegetable, renewable resources.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, anionic surfactant which gives high, dense and creamy foams making it suitable choice in the production of cream shampoos, body washes etc.
Hostapon SCI-85 P acts as a foaming and cleansing ingredient. SCI leaves your skin feeling soft and silky.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is a surfactant that is used in pharmaceutical preparations for skin care.
Hostapon SCI-85 P has good stability and activity index, and can easily be solubilized in water and ethanol.
Hostapon SCI-85 P’s a primary surfactant and it’s an ingredient for hair and skin care products, which is plant based and derived from fatty acids of coco-betaine.


Hostapon SCI-85 P in skin care and hair care is known for its mildness to the skin and hair and provides dense and luxurious foam.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is Biodegradeable.
Hostapon SCI-85 Pvis a gentle surfactant derived from coconut.


Hostapon SCI-85 P can be used in a variety of cosmetic recipes.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is known for its origins in environmentally-friendly source, coconut oil, Hostapon SCI-85 P prides itself as a sustainable and eco-respectful ingredient.


Chemical Structure of Hostapon SCI-85 P is Molecular Weight is 100.055 g/mol
Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum due to its hard water tolerance. Hostapon SCI-85 P offers a luxurious, silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.


This version format of Hostapon SCI-85 P is in Powder.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactants available from Clariant.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a high active form of sodium cocoyl isethionate (>84% active, available in flake, granular or powder form).


Hostapon SCI-85 P grades are based on purified coconut oil, a natural and renewable resource.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is the flake-version of the HOSTAPON SCI 85 series.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactants available from Clariant.


The SCI 85 family is a high active form of sodium cocoyl isethionate (>84% active, available in flake, granular or powder form).
Hostapon SCI-85 P's an anionic surfactant with moisturizing and anti-static effects.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.


Appearance of Hostapon SCI-85 P is Solid, odorless white to off-white, and water-soluble
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a wonderful surfactant to work with and make products from.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is derived from natural coconut oil.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is naturally derived and biodegradable.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is mild to the skin and eyes.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is an excellent foamer in hard or soft water.


Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a soft after feel to the skin.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is based on renewable material, silky skin feel, hard water tolerance.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suitable for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is a vegetable derived Palm Free gentle anionic surfactant.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is based on purified coconut oil, a natural and renewable resource.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a plant-based, mild, anionic surfactant that gives high, dense and creamy foams.


Hostapon SCI-85 P improves foam structure and has good tolerance to hard water.
Hostapon SCI-85 P offers silky skin feel, no damage and irritation to sensitive skin.
Hostapon SCI-85 P produces an creamy lather and has a luxurious skin feel.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum due to its hard water tolerance
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used as foaming agent.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.


Cosmetic Uses of Hostapon SCI-85 P: cleansing agents, hair conditioning, and surfactants.
Hostapon SCI-85 P acts as a mild anionic surfactant. Offers conditioning and reduces greasiness.
Hostapon SCI-85 P has been shown to have antioxidant properties, which may be due to its ability to scavenge free radicals.


Hostapon SCI-85 P also has moisturizing properties, which may be due to the presence of glycerin and fatty esters.
Hostapon SCI-85 P can be found in fruit extracts, such as mangoes and papaya.
Hostapon SCI-85 P provides rich, creamy foam to cleansing formulations with minimal impact on skin barriers to keep skin and scalp looking healthy and conditioned.


Shower gel uses of Hostapon SCI-85 P: adjust the pH value of the bath product ratio, significantly improve the dryness of the skin after washing with soap products, and make the skin moist and soft.
Easier to rinse off than other surfactants.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in personal cleansing, bath & shower products like bar and liquid soaps.
Hostapon SCI-85 P has excellent hard water resistance, extremely low toxicity and good biodegradability.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is mainly used in the production of personal care products, such as soap, shower gel, facial cleanser, foam cleanser and bath liquid.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used as cleansing agent.
Hostapon SCI-85 P can be used in Soap bars, Liquid soap bases, Facial cleansers, Body cleansers, Bath Bombs and Shampoos.
Other Applications of Hostapon SCI-85 P: Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Shower & bath > Toilet Soaps, Hair care (Shampoos, Conditioners & Styling) > Shampoos.


Skin care uses of Hostapon SCI-85 P: (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) > Facial cleansing > Cleansing lotions & toners.
Toiletries uses of Hostapon SCI-85 P (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Shower & bath > Shower gels & creams.
Hostapon SCI-85 P surfactants are commonly used as syndet, semi syndet and soap bar ingredients and can be applied as sole surfactant for most products in bar form – bar soaps, bar conditioners, bath bombs and other cleansing bars.


Hostapon SCI-85 P’s also formulated in other personal care products such as hair conditioning, wet wipes, body washes and shower gels.
Hostapon SCI-85 P's hard water tolerant, easy to use and can be formulated in a wide variety of personal care products.
Hair shampoo products: Hostapon SCI-85 P can effectively reduce the residual amount of AES on the hair and avoid dandruff and hair loss on the scalp.


Soap uses of Hostapon SCI-85 P: mixed with other fillers, pigments, essences or soap bases to prepare various moisturizing soaps.
Other applications of Hostapon SCI-85 P: development of other gentle surface activity products.
Hostapon SCI-85 P, a mild surfactant of high grade, is crafted from coconut oil and is recognized for its exceptional foaming and cleansing capabilities.


Ideal for sensitive skin and infant products due to Hostapon SCI-85 P's low irritation likelihood.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Perfect for personal care items like shampoos, conditioners, body and facial cleansers, bar soaps, and baby products.
Praised for its low irritability, Hostapon SCI-85 P showcases exceptional suitability for sensitive skin products, including infants' care items.


Delivering optimal results in a variety of personal care formulations, Hostapon SCI-85 P stands as the surfactant of choice in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, toothpastes, and bubble baths.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in: Shower Gel, Liquid soap, Shampoo, Synthetic detergents, and Bar soap.


Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a luxurious, silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
Interestingly, its exceptional mildness and higher-than-usual performance make Hostapon SCI-85 P ideal for applications in sensitive skin care products, including but not limited to, baby soaps, lotions, and cleansers.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in products like soap, bath bombs, bubble bars, and shampoo.
Recommended usage rate of Hostapon SCI-85 P is 3%-20%
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in many applications.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is often referred to as Baby Foam due to it's gentleness.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Shampoos, Shower gels, Liquid Soap, Bubble baths, Foaming Shaving Soaps, Baby Products, Syndet bars, and Eye makeup remover.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is recommended for systems where low levels of fatty acid are needed; for example, shampoos, bath and shower gels and liquid soaps.


Hostapon SCI-85 P may need medium, even heat to disperse in certain surfactant systems.
The extra steps are really worth it for the excellent results.
Hostapon SCI-85 P acts as a mild anionic surfactant.


Hostapon SCI-85 P offers conditioning and reduces greasiness.
Hostapon SCI-85 P provides rich, creamy foam to cleansing formulations with minimal impact on skin barriers to keep skin and scalp looking healthy and conditioned.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in personal cleansing, bath & shower products like bar and liquid soaps.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum.
Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum due to its hard water tolerance. Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a luxurious, silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
This version format of Hostapon SCI-85 P is in Powder.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in shower gels, special shampoos, mild cleansing lotions and liquid soaps as well as syndets and semisyndet soaps.
Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
A solid surfactant, Hostapon SCI-85 P is one of the most gentle anionic surfactants available and is a key ingredient in shampoo bars.


Hostapon SCI-85 P produces creamy abundant lather and has a luxurious skin feel.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild special surfactant.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in shower gels, special shampoos, mild cleansing lotions and liquid soaps as well as syndets and semisyndet soaps.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Shower & bath > Toilet Soaps.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Hair care (Shampoos, Conditioners & Styling) > Shampoos.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) > Facial cleansing > Cleansing lotions & toners, Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Shower & bath > Shower gels & creams.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Shower, Liquid Soap, Shampoo, and Syndet, Bar Soap.
Applications of Hostapon SCI-85 P: Wet wipe, Shampoo, shower, liq. soap, Hair styling, and Syndet, bar soap
Due to its excellent lathering, mildness and soft skin after-feel, Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in clear / pearlescent personal care products such as liquid soaps, shampoos, shower gels, facial cleansers.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is also used in syndet and combo bar formulations
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in special shampoos, hair-styling products, wet wipes and ultra-mild formulations.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is also used in syndet, shower, liquid- & bar soap.



PROPERTIES OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Hostapon SCI-85 P is a high purity, mild, high foaming anionic surfactant in powder form, with a large specific surface area, offering rapid dispersion / dissolution in formulations
*Hostapon SCI-85 P exhibits excellent foam density, foam stability, lime soap dispersion and surface activity.
Being hard water tolerant, Hostapon SCI-85 P leaves no soap scum
*Hostapon SCI-85 P is compatible with soaps and anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric surfactants
*Due to its anionic character, Hostapon SCI-85 P should not be used with cationic components like cationic surfactants, cationic dyes, etc.



PERFORMANCE CLAIMS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Cleansing
*Foam boosting
*Gentle to skin
*Hard water tolerance
*Enables solid formulations



FUNCTION OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Mild Surfactant



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Silky skin feel
*Hard water tolerance



ADVANTAGES OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Feeling of silkiness of the skin
*Hard water resistance



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Forms dense, luxurious foam
*Mild and non-drying to skin
*Also acts as anti-static agent in shampoos
*Outstanding (sole) surfactant for bar soaps and syndets
*Can be combined with other surfactants or used alone
*Soft and hard water tolerant



PROPERTIES OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
Hostapon SCI-85 P is therefore especially suitable for mild formulations (e. g. matching hand dishwash requirements) and provide the following features:
*Excellent foamer
*Hard water tolerant
*Limited water solubility
*Various physical forms
*Mild to skin and eyes
*Leaves no soap scum
*Rinses free from skin
*Easy to handle and use in all types of manufacturing processes



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Low toxicity, low irritability and biodegradable
*Mild and gentle on skin and eyes
*High tolerance for hard water
*Doesn’t leave any soap scum
*Rich lather and complete rinse-off
*Palm oil free.
*Produced from coconut sources.
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Silky skin feel
*Hard water tolerant
*Good foam improver and stabilizer
*Very mild and non-drying
*Plant based
*Outstanding (sole) surfactant for bar soaps and syndets
*Easy to handle and formulate



ADVANTAGES OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Feeling of silkiness of the skin
*Hard water resistance
*Hostapon SCI-85 P improves foam structure
*Hostapon SCI-85 P has good resistance to hard water



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
- Plant-based
- Foam stability
- Silky skin feel
- Hard water tolerance



KEY BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Foam Stability,
*Plant-based



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Hostapon SCI-85 P improves foam structure
*Hostapon SCI-85 P has good resistance to hard water



CLAIMS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Surfactants / Cleansing Agents > Anionics > Isethionates
*vegan
*foam quality
*creaminess/rich feel
*bio-based
*silky feel
*non-irritant



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Silky skin feel
*Hard water tolerance



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
Appearance / Nature : Powder
Colour : Off - white to pale yellow
Odour : Characteristic
pH (5% aqueous solution) : 5.0 - 7.0
Active matter, % by mass (Mol.wt.347), : 85 minimum
Chemical Name: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
CAS No.: 61789-32-0
Other names: SCI
Coconut oil acid ester of sodium isethionate
Molecular Formula: C2Na6O47S20
Molecular weight: 1555.23182
Appearance: White granules
Activity(MW=343): 84.00Min
Free Fatty Acid (MW=213) (%): 3.00-10.00

pH(10% in demin.water): 5.00-6.50
Color(5% inisopropanol/water): 35Max.
Water: 1.50 Max.
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in:water, 4.203e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Chemical Name: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (SCI)
Synonyms: Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
CAS Number: 61789-32-0
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 157.13 g/mol
pH: Approximately 6.5
Therapeutic Uses: Ideal for Sensitive Skin applications
GHS Classification: Complies
Pharmacological Class: Surfactant



FIRST AID MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


HOSTAPON SCI-85 P
Hostapon SCI-85 P, characterized by CAS Number 61789-32-0, is a much-cherished mild surfactant boasting outstanding foaming capabilities and unparalleled cleansing attributes.


CAS Number : 61789-32-0
EC Number : 263-052-5
INCI/Chemical Name: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
Chemical Name : Fatty acids, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salt
Chemical Formula : R-COOCH2CH2SO3Na / (R = C7-17 natural)



Sodium cocoyl isethionate, Arlatone SCI, Coco fatty acids, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodiumsalts, Elfan AT 84G, Fatty acid esters, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodiumsalts, Fatty acids, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salts, Hostapon 85, Hostapon SCI 65, Hostapon SCI85, Hostapon SCI 85G, Igepon AC 78, Jordapon CI, Jordapon CI Prill, Jordapon CI-P, Sodium coco fatty acid isethionate, Sodium cocoyl isethionate, Arlatone SCI, Coco fatty acids, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodiumsalts, Elfan AT 84G, Fatty acid esters, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodiumsalts, Fatty acids, coco, 2-sulfoethyl esters, sodium salts, Hostapon 85, Hostapon SCI 65, Hostapon SCI85, Hostapon SCI 85G, Igepon AC 78, Jordapon CI, Jordapon CI Prill, Jordapon CI-P, Sodium coco fatty acid isethionate, Sodium cocoyl isethionate, SCI-75, Jordaponci, IGEPON AC-78, SODIUMCOCOISOTHIONATE, Sodium 2-(nonanoyloxy), Sodiumcocoylisothionate, Sodium cocoyl isethionate, Sodium cocoyl isethionate SCI, Sci Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate, Sodium cocoyl isethionate 85%, sodium cocoyl isethionate noodles, Sodium cocoyl isethionate fandachem, DISODIUM MANGANESE EDTA CONTENT 12.5, SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANE COFA SULFONATE, Sodium 2-(nonanoyloxy)ethanesulfonate, SCI powder / Sodium cocoyl isethionate, COCONUT OIL ACID ESTER OF SODIUM ISETHIONATE, coconutfattyacid,2-sulfoethylester,sodiumsalt, Fattyacids,coco,2-sulfoethylesters,sodiumsalts, fattyacids,coconutoil,sulfoethylesters,sodiumsalts, Fettsuren, Kokos-, 2-Sulfoethylester, Natriumsalze, Sodium 2-(nonanoyloxy)ethanesulfonate cas 61789-32-0,



Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, foaming and excellent foam stabilizing anionic surfactant.
Hostapon SCI-85 P also provides a rich, creamy lather, is based on vegetable fatty acids and is readily biodegradable.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a top anionic powder surfactant,, very gentle and derived from all vegetable, renewable resources.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is Biodegradeable.
Hostapon SCI-85 Pvis a gentle surfactant derived from coconut.
Hostapon SCI-85 P can be used in a variety of cosmetic recipes.


Hostapon SCI-85 P acts as a foaming and cleansing ingredient. SCI leaves your skin feeling soft and silky.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a surfactant that is used in pharmaceutical preparations for skin care.
Hostapon SCI-85 P has good stability and activity index, and can easily be solubilized in water and ethanol.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is known for its origins in environmentally-friendly source, coconut oil, Hostapon SCI-85 P prides itself as a sustainable and eco-respectful ingredient.
Chemical Structure of Hostapon SCI-85 P is Molecular Weight is 100.055 g/mol


Appearance of Hostapon SCI-85 P is Solid, odorless white to off-white, and water-soluble
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a wonderful surfactant to work with and make products from.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is derived from natural coconut oil.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is naturally derived and biodegradable.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is mild to the skin and eyes.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is an excellent foamer in hard or soft water.


Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a soft after feel to the skin.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is based on renewable material, silky skin feel, hard water tolerance.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suitable for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum due to its hard water tolerance. Hostapon SCI-85 P offers a luxurious, silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
This version format of Hostapon SCI-85 P is in Powder.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactants available from Clariant.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a high active form of sodium cocoyl isethionate (>84% active, available in flake, granular or powder form).
Hostapon SCI-85 P grades are based on purified coconut oil, a natural and renewable resource.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is the flake-version of the HOSTAPON SCI 85 series.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactants available from Clariant.
The SCI 85 family is a high active form of sodium cocoyl isethionate (>84% active, available in flake, granular or powder form).


Hostapon SCI-85 P is based on purified coconut oil, a natural and renewable resource.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a plant-based, mild, anionic surfactant that gives high, dense and creamy foams.
Hostapon SCI-85 P improves foam structure and has good tolerance to hard water.
Hostapon SCI-85 P offers silky skin feel, no damage and irritation to sensitive skin.



USES and APPLICATIONS of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
Hostapon SCI-85 P has excellent hard water resistance, extremely low toxicity and good biodegradability.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is mainly used in the production of personal care products, such as soap, shower gel, facial cleanser, foam cleanser and bath liquid.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used as cleansing agent.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used as foaming agent.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used as emulsifying agent, dispersing agent.
Cosmetic Uses of Hostapon SCI-85 P: cleansing agents, hair conditioning, and surfactants.


Hostapon SCI-85 P has been shown to have antioxidant properties, which may be due to its ability to scavenge free radicals.
Hostapon SCI-85 P also has moisturizing properties, which may be due to the presence of glycerin and fatty esters.
Hostapon SCI-85 P can be found in fruit extracts, such as mangoes and papaya.


Shower gel uses of Hostapon SCI-85 P: adjust the pH value of the bath product ratio, significantly improve the dryness of the skin after washing with soap products, and make the skin moist and soft.
Easier to rinse off than other surfactants.


Hair shampoo products: Hostapon SCI-85 P can effectively reduce the residual amount of AES on the hair and avoid dandruff and hair loss on the scalp.
Soap uses of Hostapon SCI-85 P: mixed with other fillers, pigments, essences or soap bases to prepare various moisturizing soaps.
Other applications of Hostapon SCI-85 P: development of other gentle surface activity products.


Hostapon SCI-85 P, a mild surfactant of high grade, is crafted from coconut oil and is recognized for its exceptional foaming and cleansing capabilities.
Ideal for sensitive skin and infant products due to Hostapon SCI-85 P's low irritation likelihood.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Perfect for personal care items like shampoos, conditioners, body and facial cleansers, bar soaps, and baby products.


Praised for its low irritability, Hostapon SCI-85 P showcases exceptional suitability for sensitive skin products, including infants' care items.
Delivering optimal results in a variety of personal care formulations, Hostapon SCI-85 P stands as the surfactant of choice in shampoos, body washes, facial cleansers, toothpastes, and bubble baths.


Interestingly, its exceptional mildness and higher-than-usual performance make Hostapon SCI-85 P ideal for applications in sensitive skin care products, including but not limited to, baby soaps, lotions, and cleansers.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in products like soap, bath bombs, bubble bars, and shampoo.


Recommended usage rate of Hostapon SCI-85 P is 3%-20%
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in many applications.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is often referred to as Baby Foam due to it's gentleness.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Shampoos, Shower gels, Liquid Soap, Bubble baths, Foaming Shaving Soaps, Baby Products, Syndet bars, and Eye makeup remover.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is recommended for systems where low levels of fatty acid are needed; for example, shampoos, bath and shower gels and liquid soaps.
Hostapon SCI-85 P may need medium, even heat to disperse in certain surfactant systems.


The extra steps are really worth it for the excellent results.
Hostapon SCI-85 P acts as a mild anionic surfactant.
Hostapon SCI-85 P offers conditioning and reduces greasiness.


Hostapon SCI-85 P provides rich, creamy foam to cleansing formulations with minimal impact on skin barriers to keep skin and scalp looking healthy and conditioned.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in personal cleansing, bath & shower products like bar and liquid soaps.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum.


Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
A solid surfactant, Hostapon SCI-85 P is one of the most gentle anionic surfactants available and is a key ingredient in shampoo bars.
Hostapon SCI-85 P produces creamy abundant lather and has a luxurious skin feel.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild special surfactant.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in shower gels, special shampoos, mild cleansing lotions and liquid soaps as well as syndets and semisyndet soaps.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Shower & bath > Toilet Soaps.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Hair care (Shampoos, Conditioners & Styling) > Shampoos.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Skin care (Facial care, Facial cleansing, Body care, Baby care) > Facial cleansing > Cleansing lotions & toners
Toiletries (Shower & Bath, Oral care...) > Shower & bath > Shower gels & creams.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is used Shower, Liquid Soap, Shampoo, and Syndet, Bar Soap.
Applications of Hostapon SCI-85 P: Wet wipe, Shampoo, shower, liq. soap, Hair styling, and Syndet, bar soap
Due to its excellent lathering, mildness and soft skin after-feel, Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in clear / pearlescent personal care products such as liquid soaps, shampoos, shower gels, facial cleansers.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is also used in syndet and combo bar formulations
Hostapon SCI-85 P is used in special shampoos, hair-styling products, wet wipes and ultra-mild formulations.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is also used in syndet, shower, liquid- & bar soap.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum.


Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
Hostapon SCI-85 P is a mild, high-foaming, anionic surfactant suited for use in syndet bars, combo bars, liquid soaps and a variety of other personal care products.


Hostapon SCI-85 P is very mild to the skin and eyes and provides a rich and abundant lather with no soap scum due to its hard water tolerance. Hostapon SCI-85 P imparts a luxurious, silky skin after-feel and is very easy to handle and use.
This version format of Hostapon SCI-85 P is in Powder.



KEY BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Foam Stability,
*Plant-based



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Hostapon SCI-85 P improves foam structure
*Hostapon SCI-85 P has good resistance to hard water



CLAIMS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Surfactants / Cleansing Agents > Anionics > Isethionates
*vegan
*foam quality
*creaminess/rich feel
*bio-based
*silky feel
*non-irritant



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Silky skin feel
*Hard water tolerance



PROPERTIES OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Hostapon SCI-85 P is a high purity, mild, high foaming anionic surfactant in powder form, with a large specific surface area, offering rapid dispersion / dissolution in formulations
*Hostapon SCI-85 P exhibits excellent foam density, foam stability, lime soap dispersion and surface activity.
Being hard water tolerant, Hostapon SCI-85 P leaves no soap scum
*Hostapon SCI-85 P is compatible with soaps and anionic, non-ionic, amphoteric surfactants
*Due to its anionic character, Hostapon SCI-85 P should not be used with cationic components like cationic surfactants, cationic dyes, etc.



ADVANTAGES OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Feeling of silkiness of the skin
*Hard water resistance



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Forms dense, luxurious foam
*Mild and non-drying to skin
*Also acts as anti-static agent in shampoos
*Outstanding (sole) surfactant for bar soaps and syndets
*Can be combined with other surfactants or used alone
*Soft and hard water tolerant



PROPERTIES OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
Hostapon SCI-85 P is therefore especially suitable for mild formulations (e. g. matching hand dishwash requirements) and provide the following features:
*Excellent foamer
*Hard water tolerant
*Limited water solubility
*Various physical forms
*Mild to skin and eyes
*Leaves no soap scum
*Rinses free from skin
*Easy to handle and use in all types of manufacturing processes



PERFORMANCE CLAIMS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Cleansing
*Foam boosting
*Gentle to skin
*Hard water tolerance
*Enables solid formulations



FUNCTION OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Mild Surfactant



BENEFITS OF HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
*Plant-based
*Foam stability
*Silky skin feel
*Hard water tolerance



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
Appearance / Nature : Powder
Colour : Off - white to pale yellow
Odour : Characteristic
pH (5% aqueous solution) : 5.0 - 7.0
Active matter, % by mass (Mol.wt.347), : 85 minimum
Chemical Name: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate
CAS No.: 61789-32-0
Other names: SCI
Coconut oil acid ester of sodium isethionate
Molecular Formula: C2Na6O47S20
Molecular weight: 1555.23182
Appearance: White granules
Activity(MW=343): 84.00Min
Free Fatty Acid (MW=213) (%): 3.00-10.00

pH(10% in demin.water): 5.00-6.50
Color(5% inisopropanol/water): 35Max.
Water: 1.50 Max.
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in:water, 4.203e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Chemical Name: Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate (SCI)
Synonyms: Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
CAS Number: 61789-32-0
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 157.13 g/mol
pH: Approximately 6.5
Therapeutic Uses: Ideal for Sensitive Skin applications
GHS Classification: Complies
Pharmacological Class: Surfactant



FIRST AID MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of HOSTAPON SCI-85 P:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


Hostastat FA 14 liq
Tridecyl polyethylen glycol ether phosphoric acid ester (8 EO), acid form, about 80% mono ester; About 98 % Liquid Emulsifier for emulsion polymerization
Hostastat HS 1 pills
HOSTAPHAT TBEP; 2-Butoxyethanol Phosphate (3:1); Phosphoric Acid Tris(2-butoxyethyl) Ester; Amgard TBEP; FMC-KP 140; Hostaphat B 310; Hostaphat TBEP; KP 140; Kronitex KP 140; NSC 4839; NSC 62228; Phosflex T-BEP; TBEP; TBXP; Tri(2-butoxyethyl) Phosphate; Tris(2-n-butoxyethyl) Phosphate; Tris-2-Butoxyethyl Phosphate cas no: 78-51-3
Hostatint Bluing paste
Hostaphat TBEP HQ PHOSPHATE ESTER Hostaphat TBEP HQ is a phosphate ester used as plasticizer for polymer dispersions.
HOUTTUYNIA CORDATA EXTRACT
Houttuynia cordata extract is also known as Heartleaf and boasts a string of healthy skin benefits — it’s anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, astringent and has antibiotic-like properties, which means it works to prevent infections that may occur with acne and blemishes while calming active, angry spots at the same time.
Houttuynia cordata extract is rich in Quercetin, a plant pigment or flavonoid that has antioxidant properties.
Houttuynia cordata extract protects the body from free radicals and offers some serious soothing, restoring and anti-ageing effects too.

CAS: 164288-50-0
EINECS: 605-355-0

Synonyms
Houttuynia Cordata Extract is an extract of the herb, Houttuynia cordata, Saururaceae

Houttuynia cordata is a flowering plant native to Southeast Asia.
Houttuynia cordata extract is eaten as a leaf vegetable, and also has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine, including as an attempted treatment for SARS (it didn’t really work).

The main active components in the plant are these fancy chemicals called flavonoids.
Houttuynia cordata extract specifically has a good amount of polyphenolic flavonoids, four common ones being quercetin, quercitrin, hyperoside, and rutin.
All of these exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.
Houttuynia cordata extract has also been shown to decrease damage from UVB rays, which is an added bonus.
One thing to keep in mind, though, is that the flavonoid content of Houttuynia cordata extract can depend on if the extract is taken from the roots or the leaves, as well as if it’s a water extraction or an alcohol extraction.

Another thing Houttuynia cordata extract contains are polysaccharides, i.e. big molecules from various sugar units (in this case it is galacturonic acid (29.4%), galactose (24.0%), rhamnose (17.2%), arabinose (13.5%), glucuronic acid (6.8%), glucose (5.3%), xylose (2.1%) and mannose (1.8%) ).
Polysaccharides and sugars in skincare are excellent humectants and skin hydrators, meaning they help the skin to hold onto water.

Houttuynia cordata extract acts as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-psoriatic agent.
Houttuynia cordata extract is an extract of the herb, houttuynia cordata.
Houttuynia cordata extract contains quercetin, quercitrin and hyperin as active compounds.
Houttuynia cordata extract treats wounds and skin diseases.
Houttuynia cordata extract finds application in formulating cosmetic products.
Houttuynia cordata extract is also known as chameleon plant, heartleaf, fishwort, and bishop’s weed.
The plant is cultivated as a vegetable and as a medicinal herb.
Scientific research supports traditional medicinal uses by showing its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
HPAA
HPAA ABSTRACT Infection with the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori can give rise to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. All H. pylori strains express the surface-localized protein HpaA, a promising candidate for a vaccine against H. pylori infection. To study the physiological importance of HpaA, a mutation of the hpaA gene was introduced into a mouse-adapted H. pylori strain. To justify that the interruption of the hpaA gene did not cause any polar effects of downstream genes or was associated with a second site mutation, the protein expression patterns of the mutant and wild-type strains were characterized by two different proteomic approaches. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell extracts and subcellular fractionation combined with nano-liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for outer membrane protein profiling revealed only minor differences in the protein profile between the mutant and the wild-type strains. Therefore, the mutant strain was tested for its colonizing ability in a well-established mouse model. While inoculation with the wild-type strain resulted in heavily H. pylori-infected mice, the HpaA mutant strain was not able to establish colonization. Thus, by combining proteomic analysis and in vivo studies, we conclude that HpaA is essential for the colonization of H. pylori in mice. H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA) is a surface-located (7, 14, 20) lipoprotein (25) that was initially described as a sialic acid binding adhesin, but supportive evidence is still lacking. It is recognized by antibodies from H. pylori-infected individuals (23, 39), and the expression of the HpaA protein has previously been found to be highly conserved among H. pylori isolates (9, 39). Furthermore, genomic studies (2, 32) show no significant sequence homologies of HpaA with other known proteins. Taken together, this makes HpaA a putative candidate as a vaccine antigen against H. pylori infection. In this study, we have constructed an HpaA mutant in the mouse-adapted H. pylori Sydney strain 1 (SS1) to examine the role of HpaA in colonization. Because of cotranscription, constructed gene mutations have the potential to cause polar effects, i.e., inhibiting expression of downstream genes in an operon. In addition, it has been shown that knocking out one gene can affect other genes in an unpredicted manner (30). Thus, when studying a mutant, proteomic analysis offers a convenient method to monitor changes in protein expression without prior knowledge of what those changes might be. The first aim of this study was to examine the overall protein profile, including the protein expression of the genes located downstream of hpaA, of the mouse-adapted SS1 strain and its isogenic HpaA mutant. This was achieved by a proteomic approach where whole-cell extracts of the bacteria were compared by DIGE analysis. We also combined subcellular fractionation and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis with nano-LC Fourier transform (FT) ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) (FT-ICR) MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) analyses in order to compare the OMP profiles of the SS1 wild-type and mutant strains. To determine whether HpaA is essential for survival in the host, mice were infected with either H. pylori SS1 or the HpaA mutant strain, and the colonization levels MATERIALS AND METHODS Construction of SS1 hpaA-negative/deficient mutant SS1(ΔhpaA). The hpaA mutant was originally constructed in H. pylori strain CCUG 17874 by a two-step amplification resulting in a 450-bp deletion of the hpaA gene (kindly provided by P. Doig et al., Astrazeneca Research Centre, Boston, MA) and insertion of a 1.4-kb kanamycin cassette (25). The mutation was transferred from H. pylori CCUG 17874 to the mouse-adapted SS1 strain by natural transformation. Five kanamycin-resistant transformants were analyzed by PCR with two HpaA-specific primers (forward primer, 5′-GGCGTAGAAATGGAAGCG-3′; reverse primer, 5′-CCCAAGCTTCATCAGCCCTTAAATACACG-3′) (21) to confirm that the kanamycin cassette was inserted in the hpaA gene, resulting in a larger PCR product than of that of the wild-type SS1 strain. One of the transformants with the correct insertion was further characterized by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with the monoclonal antibody HP30-1:1:6, specific for HpaA (9). This strain, SS1(ΔhpaA), was negative in the immunoblot. Strains and culture conditions. The mouse-adapted H. pylori strains SS1 (CagA+ VacA+ Ley) (19) and SS1(ΔhpaA) were used in all experiments and stored at −70°C as stock cultures. For preparation of antigens from SS1 and SS1(ΔhpaA), the bacteria were grown on Colombia-Iso agar plates to confluence for 3 days under microaerophilic conditions (10% CO2, 6% O2, and 84% N2). SS1(ΔhpaA) was cultured in the same way as SS1 throughout the experiment, with the exception of the cultures being supplemented with 25 μg/ml kanamycin. Growth curves. SS1 and SS1(ΔhpaA) were first grown on Colombia-Iso plates to confluence for 2 to 3 days and then resuspended in 2 ml Brucella broth (Difco Laboratories) to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.3 (1.5 × 109 bacteria/ml). Sixteen female C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with approximately 109 CFU of H. pylori SS1 or SS1(ΔhpaA) in Brucella broth under anesthesia (Isoflurane; Abbott Scandinavia Ab, Solna, Sweden) as previously described (27). Detection of H. pylori SS1 (wild type) and SS1(ΔhpaA) in infected mice. (i) Quantitative culture. The kinetics of SS1 in the colonization of mice have been well characterized, showing stable colonization between 2 and 8 weeks of infection (27). To determine the kinetics of colonization by SS1(ΔhpaA) in mice, animals were killed at various time points after infection (3 days, 3 weeks, and 8 weeks). The stomachs were removed and washed with phosphate-buffered saline to remove food residues. One half of the stomach was used for quantitative culture as previously described (27), and the other half was used for detection of H. pylori-specific genes by PCR. The stomach homogenates from the SS1(ΔhpaA)-infected mice were cultured on blood Skirrow plates both with and without kanamycin to examine if they had lost their antibiotic resistance during the gastric infection. RESULTS Comparison of the major proteome components in H. pylori strains SS1 and SS1(ΔhpaA). To identify that no specific protein expression change had followed the construction of the HpaA mutant, we analyzed the proteome of H. pylori strain SS1 and its isogenic mutant by the 2-DE-based DIGE system. By use of cell lysis buffer compatible with the DIGE technology and isoelectric focusing at a pH interval of 3 to 10, over 800 distinct protein spots from each sample in the four replicates were detected by the DeCyder software and subsequent manual correction. The analysis of the expression profiles in strain SS1 and the SS1(ΔhpaA) mutant resulted in the identification of a minor number of spots (13) with a significantly changed level (P < 0.05). Of these spots, eight were found to be down-regulated and five spots were found to be upregulated in the SS1(ΔhpaA) mutant (Fig. (Fig.1).1). For identification of proteins, one preparative gel was stained with Sypro ruby, and spots were digested in gel and analyzed by nano-LC FT-ICR MS and MS/MS. We successfully identified the proteins shown in Table Table1.1. Notably, the trigger factor encoded by the tig gene located downstream of hpaA showed similar levels of expression in both strains (Fig. (Fig.11 and and2).2). However, Omp18 (HP0796) was detected in neither the wild-type strain nor the mutant. Thus, to ascertain that the disruption of the hpaA gene had not affected the transcription of its downstream gene, omp18, an omp18-specific RT-PCR was performed on SS1 and the SS1(ΔhpaA) mutant strain, which showed that Omp18 was transcribed in both strains (data not shown). Detection of bacteria in infected mice. Colonization of H. pylori was detected both by quantitative culture and by H. pylori-specific PCR. To evaluate the colonization pattern for SS1(ΔhpaA), mice were infected with either SS1(ΔhpaA) or SS1 as a reference and then killed at various time points ranging from 3 days to 2 months. Mice infected with SS1 showed a massive colonization at all time points studied, but bacteria could not be detected in the stomachs of mice infected with SS1(ΔhpaA) either by culture (Fig. (Fig.5)5) or by H. pylori-specific PCR at any time point (data not shown). To ascertain that SS1(ΔhpaA) had not lost its kanamycin resistance during the colonization in the stomach, the bacteria were grown on plates with and without kanamycin. However, no bacteria could be detected after culture on plates without kanamycin either (data not shown). DISCUSSION Many colonization and virulence factors have been evaluated as protective antigens in immunization studies in animal models (17, 22). For a bacterial protein to be considered as a candidate vaccine antigen, it should preferably be conserved (i.e., present in all strains), secreted or surface localized, and immunogenic (i.e., capable of stimulating the immune system). HpaA fulfills all these criteria; the gene encoding HpaA is present in and expressed by all H. pylori isolates (9, 39), indicating that it is valuable for the bacterium. Furthermore, H. pylori-infected subjects mount serum antibody responses against HpaA, which decline after eradication of the bacterium (23, 37), and HpaA induces maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells, showing its immunogenicity (36). In addition, it has been shown that HpaA is expressed both intracellularly and on the bacterial surface (20, 25). To investigate the importance of HpaA in H. pylori infection, a previously described mutation of HpaA (25) was introduced into the mouse-adapted strain SS1, and the mutant strain was tested for its colonization ability and immunogenicity in a well-established animal model. In order to verify that the mutation had not caused any damage on downstream genes or second-site mutations, we performed 2-D DIGE analysis to examine the overall protein expression pattern of H. pylori strain SS1. All the detected protein spots in the wild-type strain, with the exception of HpaA, were found in the mutant strain. However, 13 spots corresponding to 11 unique proteins showed small changes in expression levels in the mutant compared to the wild-type strain; of these, seven proteins were found to be down-regulated and four proteins were up-regulated. These identified proteins do not seem to be related on either the genetic or the functional level. In addition, it has been shown that minor changes in the protein expression level normally occur within a bacterial strain (35) (E. Carlsohn et al., unpublished data). The most important finding in the DIGE analysis of the wild type and its isogenic mutant was that the trigger factor encoded by the tig gene located downstream of hpaA showed similar levels of expression in both strains. It is well known that OMPs tend to be discriminated in standard 2-DE displaying total cell extract. This is due both to poor solubility and low expression levels of the proteins of interest, and it is therefore important to design an appropriate isolation procedure for this protein species. We performed subcellular fractionation of OMPs in combination with one-dimensional PAGE analysis and nano-LC FT-ICR MS and MS/MS analyses of tryptic peptides. By use of this novel approach, we identified over 20 outer membrane proteins and 8 flagella-associated proteins in both investigated strains. All OMPs present in the wild-type strain, with the exception of HpaA, were also expressed in the mutant strain. The cotranscription of hpaA and the downstream gene omp18 has previously been described (20). It was therefore of interest to study the expression of the omp18 gene product in the constructed HpaA mutant to investigate possible polar effects on surrounding genes in the mutant. Unfortunately, the Omp18 protein was not detected in any of the strains. However, RT-PCR analysis of omp18 mRNA from the wild-type and mutant strains clearly showed that omp18 was transcribed in both strains, indicating that disruption of hpaA did not have any polar effects on its downstream genes (data not shown). In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the Omp18 protein has never been detected, suggesting that it might not be translated but that it might only be present on the mRNA level. Because no major differences between the two strains could be detected, we proceeded to an animal model for evaluation of the physiological importance of HpaA. In vivo studies showed that while mice infected with the wild-type SS1 strain were heavily colonized, its isogenic mutant failed to colonize the mice at all time points examined. Thus, the fact that the mutant did not show significant differences in growth under laboratory conditions suggests that the observed phenotype is strictly in vivo dependent. HpaA was originally pointed out as a putative N-acetylneuraminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin, and several studies have tried to elucidate the function of HpaA in in vitro adhesion studies, but the results are not conclusive. For example, bacterial binding to gastric cell lines in vitro was not affected by an inactivated hpaA gene (25). However, epithelial cell lines have been demonstrated to respond quite differently to bacterial stimulations compared to freshly isolated epithelial cells (4). Furthermore, deletion of the hpaA gene did not influence the glycosphingolipid recognition pattern of the bacteria, as evaluated by binding of the bacteria to previously identified H. pylori-binding glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms (1). Thus, both the parent SS1 strain and the HpaA knockout mutant bound to lactosylceramide, gangliotetraosylceramide, lactotetraosylceramide, and Leb-terminated glycosphingolipids (S. Teneberg et al., unpublished data). One may therefore speculate whether HpaA itself directly mediates receptor binding or whether it is involved in facilitating the adhesin transport and folding, or if it exerts regulatory functions. The role of HpaA needs to be elucidated in further investigations. In conclusion, we have shown that the disruption of the HpaA-encoding gene did not induce any major differences in the protein expression pattern in the mutant compared with the wild-type strain. We have also demonstrated that HpaA is essential for bacterial colonization in the gastric mucosa of mice, establishing for the first time a physiological role of HpaA in vivo. Abstract Infection with the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori can give rise to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. All H. pylori strains express the surface-localized protein HpaA, a promising candidate for a vaccine against H. pylori infection. To study the physiological importance of HpaA, a mutation of the hpaA gene was introduced into a mouse-adapted H. pylori strain. To justify that the interruption of the hpaA gene did not cause any polar effects of downstream genes or was associated with a second site mutation, the protein expression patterns of the mutant and wild-type strains were characterized by two different proteomic approaches. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell extracts and subcellular fractionation combined with nano-liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for outer membrane protein profiling revealed only minor differences in the protein profile between the mutant and the wild-type strains. Therefore, the mutant strain was tested for its colonizing ability in a well-established mouse model. While inoculation with the wild-type strain resulted in heavily H. pylori-infected mice, the HpaA mutant strain was not able to establish colonization. Thus, by combining proteomic analysis and in vivo studies, we conclude that HpaA is essential for the colonization of H. ABSTRACT Infection with the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori can give rise to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. All H. pylori strains express the surface-localized protein HpaA, a promising candidate for a vaccine against H. pylori infection. To study the physiological importance of HpaA, a mutation of the hpaA gene was introduced into a mouse-adapted H. pylori strain. To justify that the interruption of the hpaA gene did not cause any polar effects of downstream genes or was associated with a second site mutation, the protein expression patterns of the mutant and wild-type strains were characterized by two different proteomic approaches. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell extracts and subcellular fractionation combined with nano-liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for outer membrane protein profiling revealed only minor differences in the protein profile between the mutant and the wild-type strains. Therefore, the mutant strain was tested for its colonizing ability in a well-established mouse model. While inoculation with the wild-type strain resulted in heavily H. pylori-infected mice, the HpaA mutant strain was not able to establish colonization. Thus, by combining proteomic analysis and in vivo studies, we conclude that HpaA is essential for the colonization of H. pylori in mice. H. pylori adhesin A (HpaA) is a surface-located (7, 14, 20) lipoprotein (25) that was initially described as a sialic acid binding adhesin, but supportive evidence is still lacking. It is recognized by antibodies from H. pylori-infected individuals (23, 39), and the expression of the HpaA protein has previously been found to be highly conserved among H. pylori isolates (9, 39). Furthermore, genomic studies (2, 32) show no significant sequence homologies of HpaA with other known proteins. Taken together, this makes HpaA a putative candidate as a vaccine antigen against H. pylori infection. In this study, we have constructed an HpaA mutant in the mouse-adapted H. pylori Sydney strain 1 (SS1) to examine the role of HpaA in colonization. Because of cotranscription, constructed gene mutations have the potential to cause polar effects, i.e., inhibiting expression of downstream genes in an operon. In addition, it has been shown that knocking out one gene can affect other genes in an unpredicted manner (30). Thus, when studying a mutant, proteomic analysis offers a convenient method to monitor changes in protein expression without prior knowledge of what those changes might be. The first aim of this study was to examine the overall protein profile, including the protein expression of the genes located downstream of hpaA, of the mouse-adapted SS1 strain and its isogenic HpaA mutant. This was achieved by a proteomic approach where whole-cell extracts of the bacteria were compared by DIGE analysis. We also combined subcellular fractionation and one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) analysis with nano-LC Fourier transform (FT) ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) (FT-ICR) MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) analyses in order to compare the OMP profiles of the SS1 wild-type and mutant strains. To determine whether HpaA is essential for survival in the host, mice were infected with either H. pylori SS1 or the HpaA mutant strain, and the colonization levels MATERIALS AND METHODS Construction of SS1 hpaA-negative/deficient mutant SS1(ΔhpaA). The hpaA mutant was originally constructed in H. pylori strain CCUG 17874 by a two-step amplification resulting in a 450-bp deletion of the hpaA gene (kindly provided by P. Doig et al., Astrazeneca Research Centre, Boston, MA) and insertion of a 1.4-kb kanamycin cassette (25). The mutation was transferred from H. pylori CCUG 17874 to the mouse-adapted SS1 strain by natural transformation. Five kanamycin-resistant transformants were analyzed by PCR with two HpaA-specific primers (forward primer, 5′-GGCGTAGAAATGGAAGCG-3′; reverse primer, 5′-CCCAAGCTTCATCAGCCCTTAAATACACG-3′) (21) to confirm that the kanamycin cassette was inserted in the hpaA gene, resulting in a larger PCR product than of that of the wild-type SS1 strain. One of the transformants with the correct insertion was further characterized by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting with the monoclonal antibody HP30-1:1:6, specific for HpaA (9). This strain, SS1(ΔhpaA), was negative in the immunoblot. Strains and culture conditions. The mouse-adapted H. pylori strains SS1 (CagA+ VacA+ Ley) (19) and SS1(ΔhpaA) were used in all experiments and stored at −70°C as stock cultures. For preparation of antigens from SS1 and SS1(ΔhpaA), the bacteria were grown on Colombia-Iso agar plates to confluence for 3 days under microaerophilic conditions (10% CO2, 6% O2, and 84% N2). SS1(ΔhpaA) was cultured in the same way as SS1 throughout the experiment, with the exception of the cultures being supplemented with 25 μg/ml kanamycin. Growth curves. SS1 and SS1(ΔhpaA) were first grown on Colombia-Iso plates to confluence for 2 to 3 days and then resuspended in 2 ml Brucella broth (Difco Laboratories) to an optical density at 600 nm (OD600) of 0.3 (1.5 × 109 bacteria/ml). Sixteen female C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with approximately 109 CFU of H. pylori SS1 or SS1(ΔhpaA) in Brucella broth under anesthesia (Isoflurane; Abbott Scandinavia Ab, Solna, Sweden) as previously described (27). Detection of H. pylori SS1 (wild type) and SS1(ΔhpaA) in infected mice. (i) Quantitative culture. The kinetics of SS1 in the colonization of mice have been well characterized, showing stable colonization between 2 and 8 weeks of infection (27). To determine the kinetics of colonization by SS1(ΔhpaA) in mice, animals were killed at various time points after infection (3 days, 3 weeks, and 8 weeks). The stomachs were removed and washed with phosphate-buffered saline to remove food residues. One half of the stomach was used for quantitative culture as previously described (27), and the other half was used for detection of H. pylori-specific genes by PCR. The stomach homogenates from the SS1(ΔhpaA)-infected mice were cultured on blood Skirrow plates both with and without kanamycin to examine if they had lost their antibiotic resistance during the gastric infection. RESULTS Comparison of the major proteome components in H. pylori strains SS1 and SS1(ΔhpaA). To identify that no specific protein expression change had followed the construction of the HpaA mutant, we analyzed the proteome of H. pylori strain SS1 and its isogenic mutant by the 2-DE-based DIGE system. By use of cell lysis buffer compatible with the DIGE technology and isoelectric focusing at a pH interval of 3 to 10, over 800 distinct protein spots from each sample in the four replicates were detected by the DeCyder software and subsequent manual correction. The analysis of the expression profiles in strain SS1 and the SS1(ΔhpaA) mutant resulted in the identification of a minor number of spots (13) with a significantly changed level (P < 0.05). Of these spots, eight were found to be down-regulated and five spots were found to be upregulated in the SS1(ΔhpaA) mutant (Fig. (Fig.1).1). For identification of proteins, one preparative gel was stained with Sypro ruby, and spots were digested in gel and analyzed by nano-LC FT-ICR MS and MS/MS. We successfully identified the proteins shown in Table Table1.1. Notably, the trigger factor encoded by the tig gene located downstream of hpaA showed similar levels of expression in both strains (Fig. (Fig.11 and and2).2). However, Omp18 (HP0796) was detected in neither the wild-type strain nor the mutant. Thus, to ascertain that the disruption of the hpaA gene had not affected the transcription of its downstream gene, omp18, an omp18-specific RT-PCR was performed on SS1 and the SS1(ΔhpaA) mutant strain, which showed that Omp18 was transcribed in both strains (data not shown). Detection of bacteria in infected mice. Colonization of H. pylori was detected both by quantitative culture and by H. pylori-specific PCR. To evaluate the colonization pattern for SS1(ΔhpaA), mice were infected with either SS1(ΔhpaA) or SS1 as a reference and then killed at various time points ranging from 3 days to 2 months. Mice infected with SS1 showed a massive colonization at all time points studied, but bacteria could not be detected in the stomachs of mice infected with SS1(ΔhpaA) either by culture (Fig. (Fig.5)5) or by H. pylori-specific PCR at any time point (data not shown). To ascertain that SS1(ΔhpaA) had not lost its kanamycin resistance during the colonization in the stomach, the bacteria were grown on plates with and without kanamycin. However, no bacteria could be detected after culture on plates without kanamycin either (data not shown). DISCUSSION Many colonization and virulence factors have been evaluated as protective antigens in immunization studies in animal models (17, 22). For a bacterial protein to be considered as a candidate vaccine antigen, it should preferably be conserved (i.e., present in all strains), secreted or surface localized, and immunogenic (i.e., capable of stimulating the immune system). HpaA fulfills all these criteria; the gene encoding HpaA is present in and expressed by all H. pylori isolates (9, 39), indicating that it is valuable for the bacterium. Furthermore, H. pylori-infected subjects mount serum antibody responses against HpaA, which decline after eradication of the bacterium (23, 37), and HpaA induces maturation and antigen presentation of dendritic cells, showing its immunogenicity (36). In addition, it has been shown that HpaA is expressed both intracellularly and on the bacterial surface (20, 25). To investigate the importance of HpaA in H. pylori infection, a previously described mutation of HpaA (25) was introduced into the mouse-adapted strain SS1, and the mutant strain was tested for its colonization ability and immunogenicity in a well-established animal model. In order to verify that the mutation had not caused any damage on downstream genes or second-site mutations, we performed 2-D DIGE analysis to examine the overall protein expression pattern of H. pylori strain SS1. All the detected protein spots in the wild-type strain, with the exception of HpaA, were found in the mutant strain. However, 13 spots corresponding to 11 unique proteins showed small changes in expression levels in the mutant compared to the wild-type strain; of these, seven proteins were found to be down-regulated and four proteins were up-regulated. These identified proteins do not seem to be related on either the genetic or the functional level. In addition, it has been shown that minor changes in the protein expression level normally occur within a bacterial strain (35) (E. Carlsohn et al., unpublished data). The most important finding in the DIGE analysis of the wild type and its isogenic mutant was that the trigger factor encoded by the tig gene located downstream of hpaA showed similar levels of expression in both strains. It is well known that OMPs tend to be discriminated in standard 2-DE displaying total cell extract. This is due both to poor solubility and low expression levels of the proteins of interest, and it is therefore important to design an appropriate isolation procedure for this protein species. We performed subcellular fractionation of OMPs in combination with one-dimensional PAGE analysis and nano-LC FT-ICR MS and MS/MS analyses of tryptic peptides. By use of this novel approach, we identified over 20 outer membrane proteins and 8 flagella-associated proteins in both investigated strains. All OMPs present in the wild-type strain, with the exception of HpaA, were also expressed in the mutant strain. The cotranscription of hpaA and the downstream gene omp18 has previously been described (20). It was therefore of interest to study the expression of the omp18 gene product in the constructed HpaA mutant to investigate possible polar effects on surrounding genes in the mutant. Unfortunately, the Omp18 protein was not detected in any of the strains. However, RT-PCR analysis of omp18 mRNA from the wild-type and mutant strains clearly showed that omp18 was transcribed in both strains, indicating that disruption of hpaA did not have any polar effects on its downstream genes (data not shown). In addition, to the best of our knowledge, the Omp18 protein has never been detected, suggesting that it might not be translated but that it might only be present on the mRNA level. Because no major differences between the two strains could be detected, we proceeded to an animal model for evaluation of the physiological importance of HpaA. In vivo studies showed that while mice infected with the wild-type SS1 strain were heavily colonized, its isogenic mutant failed to colonize the mice at all time points examined. Thus, the fact that the mutant did not show significant differences in growth under laboratory conditions suggests that the observed phenotype is strictly in vivo dependent. HpaA was originally pointed out as a putative N-acetylneuraminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin, and several studies have tried to elucidate the function of HpaA in in vitro adhesion studies, but the results are not conclusive. For example, bacterial binding to gastric cell lines in vitro was not affected by an inactivated hpaA gene (25). However, epithelial cell lines have been demonstrated to respond quite differently to bacterial stimulations compared to freshly isolated epithelial cells (4). Furthermore, deletion of the hpaA gene did not influence the glycosphingolipid recognition pattern of the bacteria, as evaluated by binding of the bacteria to previously identified H. pylori-binding glycosphingolipids on thin-layer chromatograms (1). Thus, both the parent SS1 strain and the HpaA knockout mutant bound to lactosylceramide, gangliotetraosylceramide, lactotetraosylceramide, and Leb-terminated glycosphingolipids (S. Teneberg et al., unpublished data). One may therefore speculate whether HpaA itself directly mediates receptor binding or whether it is involved in facilitating the adhesin transport and folding, or if it exerts regulatory functions. The role of HpaA needs to be elucidated in further investigations. In conclusion, we have shown that the disruption of the HpaA-encoding gene did not induce any major differences in the protein expression pattern in the mutant compared with the wild-type strain. We have also demonstrated that HpaA is essential for bacterial colonization in the gastric mucosa of mice, establishing for the first time a physiological role of HpaA in vivo. Abstract Infection with the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori can give rise to chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. All H. pylori strains express the surface-localized protein HpaA, a promising candidate for a vaccine against H. pylori infection. To study the physiological importance of HpaA, a mutation of the hpaA gene was introduced into a mouse-adapted H. pylori strain. To justify that the interruption of the hpaA gene did not cause any polar effects of downstream genes or was associated with a second site mutation, the protein expression patterns of the mutant and wild-type strains were characterized by two different proteomic approaches. Two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis analysis of whole-cell extracts and subcellular fractionation combined with nano-liquid chromatography-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for outer membrane protein profiling revealed only minor differences in the protein profile between the mutant and the wild-type strains. Therefore, the mutant strain was tested for its colonizing ability in a well-established mouse model. While inoculation with the wild-type strain resulted in heavily H. pylori-infected mice, the HpaA mutant strain was not able to establish colonization. Thus, by combining proteomic analysis and in vivo studies, we conclude that HpaA is essential for the colonization of H.
HPMA
HPMA This special volume is devoted to N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers. It is an opportunity to review what was done and identify directions for future research. The HPMA development and data presented will be related mostly to the authors' laboratory, not to overlap with other author's contributions in this volume. The work done with HPMA copolymers as drug carriers, protein, and surface modifiers, and as synthetic components in smart hybrid biomaterials design has been summarized. More details and work from other laboratories may be found in the other chapters in this volume that cover more focused topics. The choice of HPMA for development as drug carrier was not random. Based on the detailed studies of the relationship between the structure of hydrophilic polymers and their biocompatibility [11-21], we have chosen N-substituted methacrylamides as our target because the α-carbon substitution and the N-substituted amide bond ensured hydrolytic stability of the side-chains. We synthesized a series of compounds trying to identify a crystalline monomer for easy purification and reproducible synthesis. The first crystalline N-substituted methacrylamide we succeeded to synthesize, HPMA, was chosen for future development [22,23]. 2.2. First HPMA copolymer drug and/or protein conjugates Macromolecules are internalized by cells via endocytosis and ultimately localize in the (enzyme rich) lysosomal compartment. Consequently, we developed HPMA copolymers containing enzymatically degradable bonds (Fig. 3) [34]. Oligopeptide side-chains were designed as drug attachment/release sites [35] and shown to be degradable in vivo [36]. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is nihms159442f3.jpg Open in a separate window Fig. 3 HPMA copolymers containing enzymatically cleavable bonds [30,34,37-45,47-49,55]. The first degradable polymer carriers based on HPMA were also reported at the Polymers in Medicine Microsymposium in the Prague in 1977 [52] and at conferences in Varna [53] and Tashkent [54]. We used the oxidized insulin B chain (it contains two amino groups at positions 1 and 29) to prepare branched, water-soluble HPMA copolymers by reacting insulin B-chain with HPMA copolymers containing side-chains terminated in p-nitrophenyl esters. The polymers were cleavable (Fig. 4), so we chose the sequence 23-25 (Gly-Phe-Phe) from the insulin B-chain (the bond originating at amino acid 25 is cleavable by chymotrypsin) and synthesized branched, soluble high molecular weight enzymatically degradable copolymers containing the Gly-Phe-Phe segments in crosslinks connecting primary chains [38]. The latter type of polymer carrier was evaluated in vivo in rats and it was shown that the branched polymer carrier is degradable and its molecular weight distribution decreases with time following i.v. administration [36]. These experiments demonstrated the possibility to manipulate the intravascular half-life of polymeric carriers based on HPMA. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is nihms159442f4.jpg Fig. 4 Branched HPMA copolymers containing the GFF degradable sequence in crosslinks; this sequence mimics the amino acid residues 23-25 of the insulin B chain [38,52]. 2.4. Validation of the targetability of HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates The choice and design of a targeting system has to be based on a sound biological rationale. The design of the first targetable HPMA copolymer was based on the observation [56] that small changes in the structure of glycoproteins lead to dramatic changes in the fate of the modified glycoprotein in the organism. When a glycoprotein (ceruloplasmin) was administered into rats, a long intravascular half-life was observed. However, when the terminal sialic acid was removed from ceruloplasmin, the asialoglycoprotein (asialoceruloplasmin) formed contains side-chains exposing the penultimate galactose units. The intravascular half-life of the latter was dramatically shortened due to the biorecognition of the molecule by the asialoglycoprotein receptor on the hepatocytes. This receptor recognizes galactose and N-acetylgalactosamine moieties [56]. To determine if one can mimic this process with a synthetic macromolecule, we synthesized HPMA copolymers with N-methacryloylglycylglycine p-nitrophenyl ester and attached galactosamine by aminolysis [57]. These copolymers behaved similarly to the glycoproteins and were biorecognizable in vivo (Fig. 5). Their clearance from the bloodstream was related to the N-acylated galactosamine content (1-11 mol%) of the HPMA copolymer [57-59]. Separation of the rat liver into hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells indicated that the polymer is largely associated with hepatocytes, and density-gradient subcellular fractionation of the liver confirmed that the HPMA copolymers were internalized by liver cells and transported, with time, into the secondary lysosomes [59,60]. It was very important to find that HPMA copolymers containing side-chains terminated in galactosamine and anticancer drug adriamycin also preferentially accumulated in the liver, i.e., it appeared that non-specific hydrophobic interactions with cell membranes did not interfere with the biorecognition by hepatocytes [61]. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is nihms159442f5.jpg Open in a separate window Fig. 5 Validations of the targetability of HPMA copolymers. N-acylated galactosamine as the targeting moiety was chosen to mimic the glycoprotein-asialoglycoprotein system [57-59]. In parallel, efforts on the targetability of HPMA copolymer-antibody conjugates started. First HPMA copolymer conjugates with polyclonal and monoclonal anti-Thy-1.2 antibodies and anti-FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) antibodies were evaluated. Targetable conjugates containing daunomycin were synthesized and in vitro experiments have shown two orders of magnitude enhanced cytotoxicity of the targeted conjugate (when compared to the nontargeted one) [62]. The targetability and activity of anti-Thy1.2 conjugates with HPMA copolymer-daunomycin conjugates was proven in vivo on a mouse model [63]. Anti-Thy1.2 antibodies were also efficient in targeting HPMA copolymer-photosensitizer (chlorin e6) conjugates [64]. 2.5. Early interdisciplinary collaborations At the beginning of the eighties, we started collaborations with coworkers from the biological field: John Lloyd and Ruth Duncan from the University of Keele in United Kingdom, and Blanka Říhová from the Institute of Microbiology in Prague. The collaboration with the Keele group was initiated by Helmuth Ringsdorf who gave a lecture at the 1977 Prague symposium (where Kopecek presented first HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates and biodegradable carriers based on HPMA). After the meeting Ringsdorf suggested to Lloyd to contact Kopecek because he thought that the collaboration would be beneficial for both. Kopecek met Lloyd in Dresden in July 1978 and they agreed on the evaluation of HPMA copolymer conjugates. First samples were synthesized (different side-chains terminated in p-nitroanilide as drug model) and evaluated at Keele for their cleavability by lysosomal enzymes [42,65] and their stability in blood plasma and serum [46]. More than 300 different polymer structures containing oligopeptide sequences were synthesized in the Prague laboratory [24,25,35,47], and biological properties of a number of them evaluated at Keele within a 10 year period [66,67]. The collaboration with Vladimír Kostka and coworkers from the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry in Prague on the cleavability of peptide sequences in HPMA copolymers by cathepsin B [44, Fig. 4], the most important lysosomal cysteine proteinase, resulted in the identification of GFLG sequence, which is incorporated in all conjugates used in clinical trials. From the two fastest cleaving oligopeptides, GFLG and GFTA (see Fig. 3, example 5), we have chosen the GFLG sequence over the GFTA to avoid T; at that time we were worried about the potential immunogenicity. In 1978 Kopecek gave a lecture at the Institute of Microbiology in Prague. After the lecture he discussed with Říhová and the collaboration with her group on the immunogenicity/biocompatibility [69-72] and biorecognition (targeting) [62-64] of HPMA conjugates commenced. These collaborations resulted in the filing of "Polymeric drugs" patent application in 1985 [68]. Kopecek coined the name for the HPMA copolymers evaluated in clinical trials as PK1 and PK2(P for Prague, K for Keele) (Fig. 6). An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc Object name is nihms159442f6.jpg Structures of PK1 and PK2, first HPMA copolymers evaluated in clinical trials [68]. Conjugate PK1 contains doxorubicin bound to HPMA copolymer via a tetrapeptide sequence stable in the blood stream but susceptible to enzymatically catalyzed hydrolysis in the lysosomes. Conjugate PK2 contains in addition side-chains terminated in N-acylated galactosamine complementary to the asialoglycoprotein receptor on hepatocytes. 3. HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates The early experiments provided the foundation for the development of HPMA copolymers as drug carriers. As in the majority of new scientific areas, the research initially focused on the accumulation of basic data on the structure-properties relationship. The summary of research in areas we consider important for the development of clinically relevant HPMA copolymer conjugates follows: HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates are nanosized (5-20 nm) water-soluble constructs. Their unique structural, physicochemical, and biological properties are advantageous when compared to low molecular weight drugs. The concept of targeted polymer-drug conjugates was developed to address the lack of specificity of low molecular weight drugs for cancer cells. The efficiency of extravasation into solid tumors depends on the concentration gradient between the vasculature and tumor tissue and time. Consequently, high molecular weight (long-circulating) polymer conjugates accumulate efficiently in tumor tissue [85] due to the EPR effect [79,100]. However, if they possess a non-degradable backbone, they may deposit and accumulate in various organs [18]. We have previously synthesized high molecular weight carriers by connecting HPMA chains via lysosomally degradable oligopeptide sequences [34] to form water-soluble branched conjugates [36,38-41,101-103]. Following intravenous (i.v.) administration to rats, the oligopeptide crosslinks were cleaved and the resulting lower molecular weight polymer chains were excreted into the urine [36]. These water-soluble copolymers were synthesized by crosslinking (short of gel point) of HPMA copolymer precursors (containing oligopeptide side-chains terminated in a reactive ester group) with diamines. Later, we designed a new, reproducible synthetic pathway for long-circulating HPMA copolymers [85,104]. New crosslinking agents were synthesized and high molecular weight copolymers prepared by crosslinking copolymerization. The composition of the monomer mixture, however, has to be such that at the end of the polymerization the system is short of the gel point (water-soluble). This method [104] is also suitable for the synthesis of HPMA copolymers, which contain, in addition to oligopeptide crosslinks, oligopeptide side-chains terminated in doxorubicin (DOX) (or other anticancer drugs). The influence of the molecular weight of such conjugates on their biological activity was evaluated [85]. Copolymerization of HPMA, a polymerizable derivative of DOX (N-methacryloylglycylphenylalanylleucylglycyl doxorubicin) and a crosslinking agent, N2,N5-bis(N-methacryloylglycylphenylalanylleucylglycyl) ornithine resulted in high molecular weight, branched, water-soluble HPMA copolymers containing lysosomally degradable oligopeptide sequences in the crosslinks as well as in side-chains terminated in DOX. Four conjugates with Mw of 22, 160, 895, 1230 kDa were prepared. Biodistribution of the conjugates and their treatment efficacy in nu/nu mice bearing s.c. human ovarian OVCAR-3 carcinoma xenografts were determined (Fig. 7). The half-life of conjugates in the blood was up to 5 times longer and the elimination rate from the tumor was up to 25 times slower as the Mw of conjugates increased from 22 to 1230 kDa. The treatment with HPMA copolymer-bound DOX possessing an Mw higher than 160 kDa inhibited the tumor growth more efficiently than that of 22 kDa or free DOX(p<0.02). The data clearly indicated that the higher the molecular weight of the conjugate the higher the treatment efficacy of human ovarian xenografts in nu/nu mice [85]. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is nihms159442f7.jpg Open in a separate window Fig. 7 Long-circulating HPMA copolymer-DOX (P-DOX) conjugates of different molecular weight (Mw). (A) Chemical structure of HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugate containing glycylphenylalanylleucylglycine side-chains and N2,N5-bis(N-methacryloylglycylphenylalanylleucylglycyl)ornithine crosslinker [104]; (B) concentration of DOX in OVCAR-3 carcinoma xenografts in nu/nu mice after i.v. bolus of free DOX or P-DOX of different Mw; (C) growth inhibition of s.c. human ovarian OVCAR-3 carcinoma xenografts in nu/nu mice by long-circulating P-DOX conjugates. The mice received i.v. injection of 2.2 mg/kg DOX equivalent dose as P-DOX of different Mw [85]. We hypothesized that HPMA copolymer-bound DOX [P(GFLG)- DOX] (P is the HPMA copolymer backbone) would behave differently than free DOX during long term incubation with cancer cells. To verify the hypothesis, we have studied the effect of free DOX and P(GFLG)- DOX on the induction of multidrug resistance and changes in metabolism in human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells during repeated cyclic (chronic) exposure [111]. Such experiments are of therapeutic relevance. The development of multidrug resistance during adaptation of sensitive human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells to free DOX and P(GFLG)-DOX was analyzed. Adaptation of sensitive A2780 cells to repeated action of free DOX augmented cellular resistance to DOX and finally led to the over-expression of the MDR1 gene. On the other hand, P(GFLG)-DOX induced neither the multidrug resistance with or without MDR1 gene expression, nor the adaptation of the sensitive A2780 cells to free DOX [111]. An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is nihms159442f8.jpg Fig. 8 Effect of free DOX (squares) and HPMA copolymer-bound DOX (triangles) on the growth of sensitive A2780 and multidrug resistant A2780/AD human ovarian carcinoma xenografts in female nu/nu mice. Mice were treated i.p. 6 times over 3 weeks (1st and 4th day of each week) with the maximum tolerated dose of free DOX (5 mg/kg) and P(GFLG)- DOX (25 mg/kg). Circles - control tumor. Means±SE are shown [89]. Finally, we have demonstrated the advantages of targeted combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy using OV-TL16- targeted HPMA copolymer-DOX and HPMA copolymer-mesochlorin e6 conjugates. OV-TL16 antibodies are complementary to the OA-3 antigen (CD47) present on the majority of ovarian cancers. The immunoconjugates (Fig. 9) preferentially accumulated in human ovarian carcinoma OVCAR-3 xenografts in nude mice with a concomitant increase in therapeutic efficacy when compared with non-targeted conjugates [83]. The targeted conjugates suppressed tumor growth for the entire length of the experiment (>60 days; unpublished data). An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc. Object name is nihms159442f9.jpg Open in a separate window Fig. 9 Efficacy of combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy of OVCAR-3 xenografts in nude mice with non-targeted and OV-TL16 antibody-targeted HPMA copolymer conjugates. Therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy of HPMA copolymer-bound Mce6 (P(GFLG)-Mce6) and DOX (P(GFLG)-DOX) targeted with OV-TL 16 antibodies toward OVCAR-3 xenografts was compared to non-treated xenografts and non-targeted combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy. Equivalent doses of targeted combination therapy enhanced the tumor-suppressive effect as compared to non-targeted combination therapy. Dose administered: 2.2 mg/kg DOX equivalent and 1.5 mg/kg Mce6 equivalent. Irradiation for photodynamic therapy: 650 nm, 200 mW/cm2 18 h after administration [83, unpublished]. The combination index (CI) analysis was used to quantify the synergism, antagonism, and additive effects of binary combinations of free and HPMA copolymer-bound anticancer drugs, 2,5-bis(5-hydroxymethyl- 2-thienyl)furan (SOS), DOX, and mesochlorin e6 mono-ethylenediamine (Mce6) in anticancer effect toward human renal carcinoma A498 cells. The combination of SOS+DOX proved to be synergistic over all cell growth inhibition levels. All other combinations exhibited synergism in a wide range of drug effect levels [117]. Similarly, the targeted (using Fab′ of OV-TL16 antibody) and nontargeted targeted HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates, P(GFLG)-Mce6 and P(GFLG)-SOS, were evaluated against human ovarian carcinoma OVCAR-3 cells. The observations that most combinations produced synergistic effects will be important for clinical translation [118]. In collaboration with Satchi-Fainaro's laboratory at the University of Tel Aviv a new therapeutic strategy for bone neoplasms using combined targeted polymer-bound angiogenesis inhibitors was developed [119]. The aminobisphosphonate alendronate (ALN), and the potent anti-angiogenic agent TNP-470 were conjugated with HPMA copolymer. Using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, we synthesized a HPMA copolymer-ALN-TNP-470 conjugate bearing a cathepsin K-cleavable linker, a protease overexpressed in bone tissues. Free and conjugated ALNTNP- 470 demonstrated their synergistic anti-angiogenic and antitumor activity by inhibiting proliferation, migration and capillary-like tube formation of endothelial and osteosarcoma cells. The bi-specific HPMA copolymer conjugate reduced vascular hyperpermeability and remarkably inhibited human osteosarcoma growth in mice by 96%. These findings indicate that HPMA copolymer-ALN-TNP-470 is the first narrowly dispersed anti-angiogenic conjugate synthesized by RAFT polymerization that targets both the tumor epithelial and endothelial compartments warranting its use on osteosarcomas and bone metastases (Fig. 10) [119]. Inhibition of MG-63-Ras human osteosarcoma growth in mice by HPMA copolymer-ALN-TNP470 conjugate. (A) Structure of the conjugate; (B) effects of free (open triangles) or conjugated (closed triangles) ALN and TNP-470 on MG-63-Ras human osteosarcoma tumor growth compared to vehicle-treated group (closed squares) and dissected tumors images. Scale bar represents 10 mm. Data represent mean±S.E. (n=5 mice per group). Adapted from [119]. 3.4. Novel targeting strategies As discussed in 3.1, HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates accumulate passively in solid tumors as a result of the (molecular weight dependent) enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) effect [85]. Active targeting of HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates can be achieved with the incorporation of cancer cell-specific ligands, such as carbohydrates, lectins, antibodies, antibody fragments, and peptides, resulting in enhanced uptake of conjugates by cancer cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis with concomitant improvement of therapeutic efficacy [120,121]. Among different cancer targeting molecules, peptides are of particular interest. Enhanced peptide targeting efficiency can be achieved through multivalent interactions [122] between targets and HPMA copolymer-peptide conjugates containing multiple copies of peptides within a single polymer chain (Fig. 11) [123]. Multivalency effect in the biorecognition of HPMA copolymer-peptide-DOX conjugates. Inhibition of Raji B cell growth by exposure to HPMA copolymer-DOX (P (GFLG)-DOX) conjugate containing varying amount of targeting peptide, EDPGFFN-VEIPEF, per macromolecule. (A) Structure of conjugate; (B) inhibition of Raji B cell growth by P(GFLG)-DOX (no targeting peptide), P(GFLG)-DOX containing 1.9 mol% targeting peptide, and P(GFLG)-DOX containing 3.9 mol% targeting peptide. Adapted from [123]. Combinatorial approaches, such as phage display or synthetic peptide libraries, are suitable for the identification of targeting peptides. Overexpression of the CD21 receptor was found on lymphoblastoid cell lines such as Raji cells; consequently, we have used these techniques to identify targeting moieties for lymphomas [124,125]. With phage display, five distinctive peptides (RMWPSSTVNLSAGRR, PNLDFSPTCSFRFGC, GRVPSMFGGHFFFSR, RLAYWCFSGLFLLVC, and PVAAVSFVPYLVKTY) were identified as ligands of CD21 receptor. The dissociation constants of selected peptides were determined to be in the micromolar range [124]. Using a synthetic chemical combinatorial technique, one-bead one-compound (OBOC) method, we identified four heptapeptides (YILIHRN, PTLDPLP, LVLLTRE, and IVFLLVQ) as ligands for the CD21 receptor [125]. The dissociation constants were found to be similar to peptides selected by phage display. Importantly, the peptides retained their biorecognizability towards CD21 receptor after they were conjugated to HPMA copolymers and demonstrated a multivalency effect [125]. Several peptide-targeted HPMA copolymer- drug conjugates displayed anticancer activity [123,126,127]. The combinatorial chemistry approach (OBOC), when combined with a high-stringency screening method, is able to identify peptides with a picomolar affinity [128,129]. 3.4.1. Oral, colon-specific delivery of drugs The development of drug delivery systems capable of selective release of drug in the colon has received much attention. Site-specific delivery to the colon can be achieved by the exploitation of the microbial enzyme activities present predominantly in the colon. The colon has a concentration of microorganisms 5 orders of magnitude greater than the small intestine or stomach. Some of the enzymatic activity produced by microorganisms in the colon, e.g., azoreductase and glycosidase activities do not overlap with the enzymatic activities in the upper GI tract. The azoreductase activities have been studied in detail and used to convert low molecular weight prodrugs into active metabolites in the colon as well as to release active species from water-soluble polymeric carriers [130]. To achieve colon-specific delivery, a (aromatic amino group-containing) drug may be attached to HPMA copolymer side-chains via an aromatic azo bond cleavable by the azoreductase activities present in the colon [51,131-138]. For example, the release of 5-aminosalicylic acid bound to HPMA copolymers via an aromatic azo bond was demonstrated using Streptococcus faecium, an isolated strain of bacteria commonly found in the colon [131], the cecum contents of rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits [133], and in human feces [133]. Recently, we concentrated on the oral delivery of 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC). First, we attached 9-AC to HPMA copolymers through a spacer containing an aromatic azo bond and amino acid residues [134,135]. It was shown that the aromatic azo bond was cleaved first in vitro [134] and in vivo [135], followed by peptidase-catalyzed cleavage of the amino acid (dipeptide) drug derivative resulting in the release of free 9-AC. However, the cleavage of the peptide drug derivative was not fast enough to achieve high concentrations of free 9-AC in the colon. These results indicated that conjugates containing a spacer with a faster 9-AC release rate need to be designed. To this end, a monomer containing 9-AC, an aromatic azo bond and a 1,6- elimination spacer was designed and synthesized [51]. The combination of the colon-specific aromatic azo bond cleavage and 1,6- elimination reaction resulted in a fast and highly efficient release of unmodified 9-AC from the HPMA copolymer conjugate by cecal contents in vitro, with concomitant stability in simulated upper GI tract conditions. The conjugate possessed a favorable pharmacokinetics [136,137] and was effective in colon cancer models (Fig. 12) [138]. HPMA copolymer-9-aminocamptothecin conjugate. (A) Structure and scheme of release of unmodified 9-AC from HPMA copolymer-9-AC conjugates by a two-step process - rate controlling aromatic azo bond cleavage, followed by fast 1,6-elimination [51]; (B) survival curves of mice bearing human colon carcinoma xenografts treated by 9-AC and P-9-AC at a dose of 3 mg/kg of 9-AC or 9-AC equivalent [138]. 3.4.1.1. Targeting in the gastrointestinal tract Cell-surface glycoproteins reflect the stage of differentiation and maturity of colon epithelial cells. Diseased tissues, carcinomas and pre-cancerous conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, have altered glycoprotein expression when compared to healthy ones. Consequently, lectins may be used as targeting moieties for polymer-bound drugs [139-141]. Whereas WGA (wheat germ agglutinin) binds to healthy tissues, PNA (peanut agglutinin) binds to diseased tissues. We hypothesized that HPMA copolymer-lectin-drug conjugates could deliver therapeutic agents to diseased tissues by targeting colonic glycoproteins. We examined biorecognition of free and HPMA copolymer-conjugated WGA and PNA and anti-Thomsen-Friedenreich (TF) antigen antibody binding in normal neonatal, adult and diseased rodent tissues, human specimens of inflammation and Barrett's esophagus. Neonatal WGA binding was comparable to the adult, with additional luminal columnar cell binding. PNA binding was more prevalent; luminal columnar cell binding existed during the first 2 1/2 weeks of life. WGA binding was strong in both normal and diseased adult tissues; a slight decrease was noted in disease. PNA binding was minimal in normal tissues; increases were seen in disease. Anti-TF antigen antibody studies showed that PNA was not binding to the antigen. The results suggest that HPMA copolymer-lectin-drug conjugates may provide site-specific treatment of conditions like colitis or Barrett's esophagus [141]. A wide variety of therapeutic agents may benefit by specifically directing them to the mitochondria in tumor cells. To design delivery systems that would enable a combination of tumor and mitochondrial targeting, novel HPMA copolymer-based delivery systems that employ triphenylphosphonium ions as mitochondriotropic agents [147] were developed [142]. Constructs were initially synthesized with fluorescent labels substituting for drug and were used for validation experiments. Microinjection and incubation experiments performed using these fluorescently-labeled constructs confirmed the mitochondrial targeting ability [148]. Subsequently, HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates were synthesized using a photosensitizer mesochlorin e6 (Mce6). Mitochondrial targeting of HPMA copolymer-bound Mce6 enhanced cytotoxicity as compared to non-targeted HPMA copolymer-Mce6 conjugates [142]. Minor modifications may be required to adapt the current design and allow for tumor site-specific mitochondrial targeting of other therapeutic agents. Novel HPMA copolymer-based delivery systems of this derivative were also synthesized [143]. After internalization of a HPMA copolymer-Cort-Mce6 conjugate (via lysosomally degradable GFLG spacer) by endocytosis, Cort-Mce6 was cleaved, translocated to the cytoplasm, bound to the GR, and translocated to the nucleus [143]. To verify that coupling of cortisol to Mce6 maintains the capacity to form a complex with the cytosolic GR resulting in nuclear localization, we investigated the subcellular fate of the modified drug. Cort-Mce6 was monitored in 1471.1 cells transfected with plasmid that expresses green fluorescent protein labeled glucocorticoid receptor (GFP-GR). Cortisol and Mce6 served as positive and negative controls, respectively. GR translocated to the nucleus after attachment of a glucocorticoid analog (e.g., cortisol). The fluorescent GFP label permits the movement of the GR to be monitored in real time. The data (Fig. 13) clearly indicated the time- and concentration-dependent nuclear localization of cortisol-Lys-Mce6 and cortisol. In contrast, cells incubated with Mce6 did not show any alteration in receptor localization following treatment [143]. We developed a novel method for the substitution of the 17-methoxy group of GDM to introduce a primary amino group that is useful for conjugation with targeting moieties and HPMA copolymer-based drug carriers [158]. HPMA copolymers containing different AR-GDM (AR=3-aminopropyl (AP), 6-aminohexyl (AH), and 3-amino-2-hydroxypropyl (AP(OH)), attached via a lysosomally degradable GFLG spacer, were synthesized and characterized [159]. The cytotoxic efficacy of HPMA copolymer-AR-GDM conjugates depended on the structure of AR-GDM [160]. To verify the hypothesis that P(AP-GDM) [HPMA copolymer-17-(3-aminopropylamino)-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin conjugate] may change the gene expression profiles of low molecular weight GDM derivatives, 32P-macroarray analysis (Clonetech) was employed to evaluate the gene expression profiles in human ovarian carcinoma A2780 cells treated with GDM, AP-GDM and P(AP-GDM) at 2 times 50% cell growth inhibitory concentration (IC50). About 1200 genes related to cancer were evaluated at 6 h and 12 h and three-fold changes in expression were considered significant. Considerable similarities in gene expression profiles were found after AP-GDM and P(AP-GDM) treatments as demonstrated by the hierarchical clustering of the gene expression ratios [91]. However, the outcome was different when individual genes relevant to the mechanism of action of geldanamycin were analyzed. P(AP-GDM)-treated cells showed lower expression of HSP70 and HSP27 compared with AP-GDM up to 12 h. Possibly, internalization pathways and subcellular drug localization of P(AP-GDM), different from low molecular AP-GDM, may modulate the cell stress responses induced by AP-GDM. The results of 32P-macroarray were confirmed by RT-PCR and Western blotting [91]. It is possible that internalization of HPMA copolymer-AP-GDM conjugate via endocytosis may circumvent interactions with external components of the cell, such as plasma membrane, which may be sensitive to stressors and environmental changes (Fig. 15). Similarly, we previously observed that A2780 cells treated with HPMA copolymer-DOX conjugate showed a down-regulation of the HSP70 gene more pronounced than that observed in the cells treated with free DOX [89]. These findings may suggest that conjugation of AP-GDM to HPMA copolymer may be able to modulate the cell stress responses induced by AP-GDM due to differences in its internalization mechanism, subcellular localization, and intracellular concentration gradients [91]. 3.7. Cancer: clinical trials HPMA copolymer-based macromolecular therapeutics have been developed considerably in the last 20 years - numerous conjugates have entered clinical trials for therapeutic validation in the last decade. These include HPMA copolymer-DOX [163-165], HPMA copolymer-DOX-galactosamine [166], HPMA copolymer-camptothecin [167], HPMA copolymer-paclitaxel [168], and HPMA copolymer-platinates [169]. Results from testing of some of these conjugates are promising; hopefully the FDA approval of a first macromolecular therapeutics will occur soon. In Section 4.1 we summarized our ideas on the design principles of second-generation conjugates with enhanced therapeutic potential. 3.8. HPMA copolymer conjugates in the treatment of non-cancerous diseases HPMA copolymer-drug conjugates may be used also for the treatment of diseases other than cancer. We designed bone-targeted HPMA copolymer-conjugated with a well-established bone anabolic agent (prostaglandin E1; PGE1) for the treatment of osteoporosis and other musculoskeletal diseases [50,170-175]. The biorecognition of the conjugates by the skeleton was mediated by an octapeptide of D-aspartic acid (D-Asp8) or alendronate [170,172]. This system has the potential to deliver the bone anabolic agent, PGE1, specifically to the hard tissues after systemic administration. Once bound to bone, the PGE1 will be preferentially released at the sites of higher turnover rate (greater osteoclasts activity) via cathepsin K (osteoclast specific) catalyzed hydrolysis of a specific peptide spacer and subsequent 1,6-elimination [50,176]. When given in anabolic dosing range, the released PGE1 will activate corresponding EP receptors on bone cells surface to achieve net bone formation. The main features of the design are HPMA copolymer backbone containing
HPMC-P
SYNONYMS Cellacefate; CAP; Celacefato; Cellacefato; Cellacefatum;Cellulose acetate hydrogen phthalate; cellulose acetate hydrogen 1,2-benzenedicarboxylate; Cellulose acetate phthalate; HPMCP; Hypromellose Phthalate; Cellulose acetate monophthalate; Cellulose acetate phthalate; Cellulose acetophthalate; Cellulose acetylphthalate; Cellulosi acetas phtalas; Cellulosi acetico-phthalas; Cellulosum; Acetylatum-phthalylatum; Cellulosum acetylphthalicum; CAS NO:9004-38-0
HUILE DE RICIN ÉTHOXYLÉE 11 EO
émulsifiant non-ionique, cas no : 61791-12-6
HUILE DE RICIN ÉTHOXYLÉE 18 EO
émulsifiant non-ionique, cas no : 61791-12-6
HUILE DE RICIN ÉTHOXYLÉE 2,5 EO
émulsifiant non-ionique, cas no : 61791-12-6
HUILE DE RICIN ÉTHOXYLÉE 25 EO
émulsifiant non-ionique, cas no : 61791-12-6
HUILE DE RICIN ÉTHOXYLÉE 33 EO
émulsifiant non-ionique, PEG-40 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL, N° CAS : 61788-85-0 - Huile de ricin hydrogénée et éthoxylée, Autres langues : Aceite de ricino hidrogenado PEG-40, Olio di ricino idrogenato PEG-40, PEG-40 hydriertes Rizinusöl, Cette huile de ricin hydrogénée et éthoxylée se présente sous la forme d'un liquide visqueux légèrement parfumé. Elle est utilisée dans les cosmétiques en tant qu'émulsifiant, solubilisant ou tensioactif . L'ingrédient est produit vous vous en doutiez, à partir d'un PEG-40 (40 moles d'oxyde d'éthylène) et d'huile de ricin naturel.Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation.Huile Ricin Hydrogénée PEG-40 L'huile de ricin hydrogénée sous forme solide PEG est un solubilisant d'origine végétale très utilisée dans des formulations ayant un volume important d'eau. Elle est également utilisée comme agent émulsifiant et agent tensio-actif dans plusieurs préparations cosmétiques.Castor oil, hydrogenated, ethoxylated; polyethyleneglycol ester of hydrogenated castor oil; Polyoxyl 40 hydrogenated castor oil
HUILE DE RICIN HYDROGÉNÉE 40 EO
SODIUM LAURATE, N° CAS : 629-25-4 - Huile de baie de Laurier saponifiée, Nom INCI : SODIUM LAURATE, Nom chimique : Dodecanoic Acid, Sodium Salt, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 211-082-4, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre, Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
Huile de baie de Laurier saponifiée
SODIUM COCOATE N° CAS : 61789-31-9 - Huile de coco saponifiée Origine(s) : Végétale Autres langues : Aceite de coco saponificado, Olio di cocco saponificato, Saponified coconut oil, Verseiftes Kokosöl Nom INCI : SODIUM COCOATE N° EINECS/ELINCS : 263-050-4 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent nettoyant : Aide à garder une surface propre Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile) Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
Huile de coco saponifiée
POTASSIUM COCOATE, N° CAS : 61789-30-8 - Huile de coco saponifiée. Origine(s) : Végétale. Autres langues : Aceite de coco saponificado, Olio di cocco saponificato, Saponified coconut oil, Verseiftes Kokosöl. Nom INCI : POTASSIUM COCOATE. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 263-049-9. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent émulsifiant : Favorise la formation de mélanges intimes entre des liquides non miscibles en modifiant la tension interfaciale (eau et huile). Tensioactif : Réduit la tension superficielle des cosmétiques et contribue à la répartition uniforme du produit lors de son utilisation
Huile de coco saponifiée ( POTASSIUM COCOATE)
CANOLA OIL, N° CAS : 120962-03-0 - Huile de Colza, Origine(s) : Végétale, Autres langues : Aceite de colza, Olio di colza, Rapeseed oil, Rapsöl, Nom INCI : CANOLA OIL, Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau, Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
Huile de Colza
HYDROGENATED JOJOBA OIL, N° CAS : 92457-12-0 / 61789-91-1 - Huile de Jojoba hydrogénée.Origine(s) : Végétale. Autres langues : Aceite de jojoba hidrogenado, Hydriertes Jojobaöl, Olio di jojoba idrogenato. Nom INCI : HYDROGENATED JOJOBA OIL. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 296-292-4 / -. Classification : Huile hydrogénée. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent Abrasif : Enlève les matières présentes en surface du corps, aide à nettoyer les dents et améliore la brillance. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau.Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état
Huile de Jojoba hydrogénée
Huiles de lanoline; LANOLIN OIL, N° CAS : 70321-63-0 / 8038-43-5 - Huile de Lanoline, Nom INCI : LANOLIN OIL, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 274-559-6 / -. Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Noms français : Huiles de lanoline. Noms anglais : Lanolin oil Oils, lanolin. Utilisation et sources d'émission : Fabrication de cosmétiques, fabrication de produits pharmaceutiques
Huile de Lanoline ( LANOLIN OIL)
SODIUM LINSEEDATE Huile de lin saponifiée Origine(s) : Végétale Nom INCI : SODIUM LINSEEDATE
Huile de lin saponifiée
MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA SEED OIL, N° CAS : 438545-25-6; 159518-86-2 - Huile de noix de macadamia, Origine(s) : Végétale. Autres langues : Aceite de nuez de macadamia, Macadamia nut oil, Macadamianussöl, Olio di noce di macadamia. Nom INCI : MACADAMIA INTEGRIFOLIA SEED OIL. Classification : Huile végétale. Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état