SYNONYMS 1,2,3-Propanetriol;1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane;111: PN: WO2004099237 PAGE: 34 claimed sequence;17: PN: WO03105888 PAGE: 20 claimed sequence;2-Propanol, 1,3-dihydroxy-;Bulbold;CRAON 17-501;Cristal;Crude glycerine;DG;DG Glycerin;E 422 CAS NO:56-81-5

DESCRIPTION:
GLUCAM E 10 humectant is a naturally-derived, mild ingredient that delivers moisture to the skin while reducing the tacky feel normally associated with the ingredients typically used in moisturizing skin creams.
GLUCAM E 10 is an ethoxylated methyl glucose ether and is 100% active.
Its low irritation potential makes GLUCAM E 10 ideal for use in both rinse off and leave on skin care systems such as lotions, creams, and body cleansing formulations.

CAS Number: 68239-42-9
INCI Name: Methyl Gluceth
Composition: Methyl Gluceth-10
Synonym: Methyl Gluceth-10


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCAM E 10:
XlogP3-AA: -3.20 (est)
Molecular Weight: 370.39610000
Formula: C15 H30 O10
Boiling point °F: 601.F
Boiling point °C: 316.C
INCI Name: Methyl Gluceth
Composition: Methyl Gluceth-10
Specific gravity 1.20
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 562.00 to 563.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 561.00 °F. TCC ( 294.00 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -4.430 (est)
Soluble in:
water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Odor Strength:none
Odor Description:at 100.00 %. bland

FEATURES/BENEFITS OF GLUCAM E 10:
GLUCAM E 10 Does not interfere with foam properties
GLUCAM E 10 is Effective moisturizer
GLUCAM E 10 is Film plasticizer

GLUCAM E 10 is Glossing aid
GLUCAM E 10 is Naturally derived
GLUCAM E 10 Reduces tacky feel of formulations containing high levels of glycerine

GLUCAM E 10 is Smooth, silky feel
GLUCAM E 10 is Very effective freezing point depressant.

GLUCAM E 10 humectant is a mild humectant, film plasticizer and moisturizer.
GLUCAM E 10 is naturally derived and delivers moisture to the skin while reducing the tacky feel.
GLUCAM E 10 is an ethoxylated methyl glucose ether.

GLUCAM E 10 offers low irritation, gloss and smooth silky feel.
GLUCAM E 10 is a very effective freezing point depressant and does not interfere with foam properties.
GLUCAM E 10 is ideal for use in both rinse off and leave on skin care systems.

GLUCAM E 10 humectant is used in body lotions/creams/gels, body cleansing formulations, color cosmetics, hair removal, hand sanitizer and intimate & mild cleansers.
Also, GLUCAM E 10 is used in hand soaps, wipes, shaving & styling products, eye-, facial-, hand/foot-, lip- and sun care products.

GLUCAM E 10 promotes the retention of moisture on the skin.
Increased moisture can increase an active ingredient’s solubility, which can then in turn increase the skin penetration.
These ingredients deliver light, satiny after-feel to skin formulations and are effective at reducing the tack of glycerin.

There are several creams on the market containing these IID-listed humectants and formulated with a variety of APIs.
Typical usage level of 1-5%.









APPLICATIONS OF GLUCAM E 10:

GLUCAM E 10 is used as Color Cosmetics
GLUCAM E 10 is used as Eye Area Skin Care Products
GLUCAM E 10 is used as Facial Care Products
GLUCAM E 10 is used as Hair Removal

GLUCAM E 10 is used in Hand Sanitizer
GLUCAM E 10 is used in Hand/Foot Care
GLUCAM E 10 is used in Intimate Cleansers

GLUCAM E 10 is used in Lip Care
GLUCAM E 10 is used in Mild Cleansers
GLUCAM E 10 is used in Shaving Products

GLUCAM E 10 is used in Sun Care
GLUCAM E 10 is used in Wipes



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLUCAM E 10:

First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

SYNONYMS OF GLUCAM E 10:
Methyl Gluceth-10;
Unicam E10;
Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, ether with methyl D-glucopyranoside (4:1);
Ethoxylated methyl D-glucoside

DESCRIPTION:

Glucam E-10 humectant is a naturally-derived, mild ingredient that delivers moisture to the skin while reducing the tacky feel normally associated with the ingredients typically used in moisturizing skin creams.
Glucam E-10 is an ethoxylated methyl glucose ether and is 100% active.
Its low irritation potential makes it ideal for use in both rinse off and leave on skin care systems such as lotions, creams, and body cleansing formulations.

INCI Name: Methyl Gluceth-10



Glucam E-10 is a substance that promotes the retention of moisture on the skin.
This increased moisture can increase an active ingredient’s solubility, which can then in turn increase the skin penetration.

These ingredients deliver light, satiny after-feel to skin formulations and are effective at reducing the tack of glycerin.
There are several creams on the market containing these IID-listed humectants and formulated with a variety of APIs.
Typical usage level of Glucam E-10 is 1-5%.




FEATURES/BENEFITS OF GLUCAM E-10:
Glucam E-10 Does not interfere with foam properties
Glucam E-10 is Effective moisturizer
Glucam E-10 is Film plasticizer

Glucam E-10 is Glossing aid
Glucam E-10 is Naturally derived
Glucam E-10 Reduces tacky feel of formulations containing high levels of glycerine

Glucam E-10 has Smooth, silky feel
Glucam E-10 is Very effective freezing point depressant



APPLICATIONS OF GLUCAM E-10
Glucam E-10 is used in Color Cosmetics
Glucam E-10 is used in Eye Area Skin Care Products
Glucam E-10 is used in Facial Care Products


Glucam E-10 is used in Hair Removal
Glucam E-10 is used in Hand Sanitizer
Glucam E-10 is used in Hand/Foot Care

Glucam E-10 is used in Intimate Cleansers
Glucam E-10 is used in Lip Care
Glucam E-10 is used in Mild Cleansers

Glucam E-10 is used in Shaving Products
Glucam E-10 is used in Sun Care
Glucam E-10 is used in Wipes


Glucam E-10 humectant is a mild humectant, film plasticizer and moisturizer.
Glucam E-10 is naturally derived and delivers moisture to the skin while reducing the tacky feel.
Glucam E-10 is an ethoxylated methyl glucose ether.

Glucam E-10 offers low irritation, gloss and smooth silky feel.
Glucam E-10 is a very effective freezing point depressant and does not interfere with foam properties.
Glucam E-10 is ideal for use in both rinse off and leave on skin care systems.

Glucam E-10 humectant is used in body lotions/creams/gels, body cleansing formulations, color cosmetics, hair removal, hand sanitizer and intimate & mild cleansers.
Also, Glucam E-10 is used in hand soaps, wipes, shaving & styling products, eye-, facial-, hand/foot-, lip- and sun care products.


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLUCAM E-10:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

DESCRIPTION:

Glucam E-20 humectant is a naturally-derived, multi-functional, mild ingredient that delivers a light, satin-like emollient feel in moisturizing systems.
Glucam E-20 is an ethoxylated methyl glucose ether and is 100% active.
Its low irritation potential makes it ideal for sensitive skin formulations.



Ingredient Name: Methyl Gluceth-20

In addition, Glucam E-20 humectant helps prevent soap bars from cracking and acts as a process aid in soap bar extrusion.
Glucam E-20 humectant is used in color cosmetics, hand sanitizer, intimate & mild cleansers, shampoos and wipes.
Also, used in shaving & styling products, eye-, facial-, hand/foot-, lip- and sun care products.




FEATURES/BENEFITS OF GLUCAM E-20
Glucam E-20 Improves flow property in cleansing applications
Glucam E-20 has Liquid form for ease of processing
Glucam E-20 has Low irritation potential and is ideal for use in products for sensitive skin

Glucam E-20 is Naturally derived
Glucam E-20 Provides a light, smooth skin feel
Glucam E-20 Reduced defatting of the skin
Glucam E-20 Reduces tacky feel of formulations containing high levels of glycerine


Applications of Glucam E-20:
Glucam E-20 is used in Body Washes
Glucam E-20 is used in Facial Cleansers
Glucam E-20 is used in Hand Soap


Glucam E-20 is used in Hand/Foot Care
Glucam E-20 is used in Intimate Cleansers
Glucam E-20 is used in Lip Care

Glucam E-20 is used in Mild Cleansers
Glucam E-20 is used in Shaving Products
Glucam E-20 is used in Styling Products

Glucam E-20 is used in Sun Care
Glucam E-20 is used in Wipes
Glucam E-20 humectant is a naturally-derived, multi-functional, mild ingredient that delivers a light, satin-like emollient feel in moisturising systems.


Glucam E-20 can be used in both rinse-off and leave-on skin care systems such as lotions, creams and body cleansing formulations like soap




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLUCAM E-20:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

Glucam E-20 humectant is a brand name for a chemical compound known as Methyl Gluceth-20.
Glucam E-20 humectant is a water-soluble, nonionic humectant and emollient derived from natural, renewable resources.
Specifically, Glucam E-20 humectant is an ester of methyl glucose and ethyl alcohol.
Glucam E-20 humectant is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry for its moisturizing properties.

CAS Registry Number: 68815-73-0
EC Number: 271-616-1

Methyl Gluceth-20, Glucam E-20, Ethanol, 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, methyl deriv., Methyl glucoside, ethoxylated, Polyethylene glycol ether of methyl glucoside, Ethanol, 2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, monomethyl ether, PEG-20 methyl glucose distearate, Methyl glucoside, polyoxyethylene ether, Methyl glucose ether, Methyl glucose polyoxyethylene ether, Methyl glucose distearate, 2-Hydroxyethyl methyl glucose ether, Methyl glucose dioleate, PEG-20 methyl glucose, Methyl glucoside, ethoxylated, monoether with ethanol, Ethanol, 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, methyl ether, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-omega-((hydroxymethyl)oxy)-, monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol (20) methyl glucose distearate, Methyl glucoside 20, Ethanol, 2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, monomethyl ether, Ethanol, 2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, methyl ether, 2-((2-Hydroxyethyl)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)ethanol, methyl ether, Methyl glucoside 20 stearate, PEG-20 methyl glucose sesquistearate, Methyl glucose 20 stearate, Methyl glucoside 20 sesquistearate, Methyl glucoside 20 distearate, PEG-20 methyl glucose distearate, Ethanol, 2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, methyl derivative, Methyl glucose 20 distearate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-omega-((hydroxymethyl)oxy)-, monomethyl ether, Methyl glucoside 20 monostearate, Methyl glucoside 20 sesquistearate, Methyl glucoside 20 monooleate, Methyl glucose polyoxyethylene stearate, Methyl glucose polyoxyethylene sesquistearate, Methyl glucoside 20 monooleate, PEG-20 methyl glucose distearate, Ethanol, 2-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-, methyl ether, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-omega-((hydroxymethyl)oxy)-, monomethyl ether, Polyethylene glycol (20) methyl glucose distearate, Polyethylene glycol methyl glucose distearate, Methyl glucoside 20 stearate, Polyethylene glycol (20) methyl glucose sesquistearate, Methyl glucoside 20 distearate, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-((2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-omega-((hydroxymethyl)oxy)-, monomethyl ether, Methyl glucoside 20 monostearate, Methyl glucoside 20 sesquistearate, Methyl glucoside 20 monooleate, Methyl glucose polyoxyethylene stearate



APPLICATIONS


Glucam E-20 humectant finds widespread use in moisturizers, offering enhanced hydration to the skin.
Glucam E-20 humectant is a key ingredient in lotions, contributing to the smooth and non-greasy texture of the formulation.
Due to its water-soluble nature, Glucam E-20 humectant is a preferred choice in aqueous skincare products such as creams.
Glucam E-20 humectant is incorporated into serums to improve the absorption and efficacy of active ingredients.

Glucam E-20 humectant is a staple in facial cleansers, promoting hydration without leaving a heavy residue.
Its compatibility with various cosmetic ingredients makes it versatile in formulating different products.

In haircare, it is used in conditioners to provide a softening effect and improve manageability.
Shampoos often include Glucam E-20 humectant for its moisturizing benefits on both the scalp and hair.
Glucam E-20 humectant contributes to the emollient properties of cosmetic formulations, enhancing the skin's feel.

Its stability makes it a valuable component in skincare products with a longer shelf life.
Glucam E-20 humectant is employed in sunscreens, helping to maintain skin hydration under sun exposure.
Glucam E-20 humectant is used in makeup removers, ensuring effective cleansing without overly drying the skin.

Glucam E-20 humectant is found in after-sun products, soothing and moisturizing the skin post-sun exposure.
In body washes and shower gels, it promotes a refreshing and hydrating cleansing experience.
Glucam E-20 humectant is utilized in anti-aging formulations, contributing to the overall skin revitalization process.

Glucam E-20 humectant is a common ingredient in baby care products, providing gentle and moisturizing effects.
Glucam E-20 humectant's non-greasy nature makes it suitable for inclusion in various cosmetic and personal care items.
Glucam E-20 humectant is applied in hand creams, offering moisturization without a heavy or sticky feel.
Its compatibility with fragrances makes it suitable for use in scented cosmetic formulations.

Glucam E-20 humectant is found in facial masks, contributing to the hydrating and rejuvenating effects of such products.
Glucam E-20 humectant is used in pre-shave and aftershave products to soothe and moisturize the skin.
Glucam E-20 humectant is present in bath products, enhancing the overall skin-feel during and after bathing.

In deodorants, it helps maintain skin hydration while allowing for effective odor control.
Glucam E-20 humectant is a valuable component in cosmetic wipes, providing a moisturizing effect during use.
Glucam E-20 humectant is included in various personal care items, ranging from hand sanitizers to intimate hygiene products, due to its gentle and moisturizing properties.

Found in exfoliating scrubs, Glucam E-20 humectant aids in preventing excessive dryness by maintaining skin hydration.
Glucam E-20 humectant plays a role in facial toners, contributing to a refreshing and moisturizing post-cleansing experience.
Glucam E-20 humectant is incorporated into makeup foundations, providing a smooth and hydrating base for cosmetics.

In anti-acne formulations, it assists in preventing over-drying while delivering targeted skincare benefits.
Glucam E-20 humectant is used in intimate hygiene products, promoting gentle cleansing without compromising moisture.

Glucam E-20 humectant is a common ingredient in lip care products, contributing to their emollient and moisturizing properties.
Glucam E-20 humectant is found in hair styling products, helping to maintain a soft and manageable texture without greasiness.
Glucam E-20 humectant is utilized in body scrubs, ensuring exfoliation without stripping the skin of essential moisture.

In foot care products, it aids in preventing dryness and contributes to the overall moisturization of the skin.
Glucam E-20 humectant is included in shaving creams, offering a hydrating and smooth application for a comfortable shave.
Glucam E-20 humectant is applied in eye creams, contributing to the reduction of dryness and fine lines around the eyes.

Glucam E-20 humectant is used in nail care products, providing moisture to the cuticles and surrounding skin.
In sunless tanners, Glucam E-20 humectant contributes to a smoother and more even application of the product.
Found in body mists, it enhances the overall sensory experience by providing a lightweight and moisturizing mist.
Glucam E-20 humectant is employed in leave-in hair conditioners, contributing to detangling and softening effects.

In hand sanitizers, it helps counteract the drying effects of alcohol, maintaining skin comfort.
Glucam E-20 humectant is included in BB creams and CC creams, contributing to their hydrating and skin-perfecting properties.

Glucam E-20 humectant is used in natural and organic cosmetic formulations, aligning with the demand for sustainable ingredients.
In personal lubricants, it contributes to a smooth and moisturizing texture for enhanced comfort.

Glucam E-20 humectant is applied in wound care products, providing a gentle and hydrating environment for healing.
Found in hair masks, it contributes to deep conditioning and moisturizing effects for improved hair health.
In gel-based skincare products, it aids in maintaining a lightweight and non-sticky texture.

Glucam E-20 humectant is used in tinted moisturizers, offering hydration with a subtle tint for a natural look.
Glucam E-20 humectant is included in facial primers, providing a smooth base for makeup application while keeping the skin hydrated.
Glucam E-20 humectant is applied in baby wipes, contributing to their gentle and moisturizing characteristics.

Found in body lotions, Glucam E-20 humectant enhances the overall skin-feel by providing lasting hydration.
Glucam E-20 humectant is a common ingredient in nighttime moisturizers, supporting skin replenishment and hydration during sleep.
In facial mists, Methyl Gluceth-20 contributes to a refreshing burst of hydration throughout the day.

Glucam E-20 humectant is applied in bath bombs, adding a moisturizing element to the effervescent and aromatic experience.
Glucam E-20 humectant is included in soothing gels, providing relief to irritated or sun-exposed skin.
In anti-redness creams, it helps calm and moisturize sensitive skin, reducing the appearance of redness.

Glucam E-20 humectant is utilized in scalp treatments, contributing to a balanced and moisturized scalp environment.
Glucam E-20 humectant is incorporated into makeup setting sprays, helping to set makeup while providing hydration.
In under-eye creams, it aids in reducing puffiness and dryness for a refreshed appearance.
Glucam E-20 humectant is found in foaming cleansers, ensuring effective cleansing without stripping the skin of essential moisture.

Glucam E-20 humectant is used in hand masks, providing an intensive moisturizing treatment for dry and stressed hands.
Glucam E-20 humectant is applied in post-shave balms, contributing to the soothing and moisturizing effects on the skin.
Glucam E-20 humectant is included in foot masks, helping to soften and hydrate rough and calloused skin.
In lip masks and treatments, it assists in preventing chapping and maintaining lip moisture.

Glucam E-20 humectant is utilized in cooling gels, offering a refreshing and hydrating sensation to the skin.
Glucam E-20 humectant is applied in facial powders, contributing to a lightweight and non-drying formula.

Found in primer sprays, it helps create a smooth canvas for makeup application while keeping the skin hydrated.
Glucam E-20 humectant is included in tinted lip balms, providing a hint of color along with moisturizing benefits.
Glucam E-20 humectant is used in gel-based sunscreen formulations, ensuring a light and comfortable application.
In exfoliating masks, it aids in preventing excessive dryness and maintaining skin hydration.
Glucam E-20 humectant is applied in cuticle oils, contributing to the softening and moisturizing of nail cuticles.

Glucam E-20 humectant is used in gel-based deodorants, providing a hydrating and comfortable application.
Found in facial essence products, it supports hydration and prepares the skin for subsequent skincare steps.

Glucam E-20 humectant is included in body balms, contributing to intensive moisturization for dry skin areas.
In cooling eye patches, it enhances the soothing and hydrating effects on tired and puffy eyes.



DESCRIPTION


Glucam E-20 humectant is a brand name for a chemical compound known as Methyl Gluceth-20.
Glucam E-20 humectant is a water-soluble, nonionic humectant and emollient derived from natural, renewable resources.
Specifically, Glucam E-20 humectant is an ester of methyl glucose and ethyl alcohol.
Glucam E-20 humectant is commonly used in the cosmetic and personal care industry for its moisturizing properties.

Methyl Gluceth-20, also known as Glucam E-20, is a water-soluble compound derived from natural sources.
Glucam E-20 humectant and emollient is widely used in cosmetic formulations for its moisturizing properties.

Glucam E-20 humectant is an ester of methyl glucose and ethyl alcohol, making it biodegradable and environmentally friendly.
As a polyoxyethylene ether of methyl glucoside, it exhibits excellent water solubility.
Glucam E-20 humectant is recognized for its ability to attract and retain moisture, contributing to enhanced hydration in skincare products.

Glucam E-20 humectant imparts a non-greasy, smooth feel to the skin, making it suitable for various cosmetic applications.
Glucam E-20 humectant is commonly employed in lotions, creams, and serums to improve overall texture and skin feel.
Being compatible with a range of cosmetic ingredients, it offers versatility in formulation design.

Glucam E-20 humectant is derived from glucose, aligning with the industry's emphasis on sustainable and renewable resources.
Its ester structure and polyoxyethylene chain contribute to its emollient properties.

Glucam E-20 humectant is known for its stability in formulations, helping to maintain the integrity of cosmetic products.
Due to its water solubility, it is easily incorporated into aqueous formulations without compromising stability.

Glucam E-20 humectant is used in haircare products like conditioners and shampoos for its moisturizing effects on hair.
Glucam E-20 humectant is often chosen for formulations where a lightweight and non-oily texture are desired.
Its safety for use in cosmetics is supported by adherence to recommended usage levels and regulatory standards.

Glucam E-20 humectant contributes to the sensory appeal of products, providing a pleasant and moisturized skin feel.
As a polyoxyethylene ether, it exhibits excellent compatibility with surfactants and other cosmetic ingredients.

Glucam E-20 humectant is effective in stabilizing formulations, extending the shelf life of cosmetic products.
Its use in cleansers helps to maintain skin hydration while ensuring a non-greasy after-feel.
Glucam E-20 humectant is known for its biodegradability, aligning with the industry's focus on environmentally conscious practices.
Glucam E-20 humectant is an ingredient of choice for formulators aiming to create hydrating and lightweight skincare solutions.
Due to its non-ionic nature, it interacts well with various skin types, making it suitable for a broad range of consumers.

Its incorporation in serums enhances the penetration of active ingredients into the skin for improved efficacy.
Glucam E-20 humectant's versatility extends to its application in haircare formulations, contributing to soft and manageable hair.
Glucam E-20 humectant plays a role in enhancing the overall user experience in cosmetic and personal care products.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhalation of vapor or mist occurs, move the affected person to fresh air.
If respiratory irritation persists, seek medical attention.


Skin Contact:

In the event of skin contact, wash the affected area thoroughly with mild soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing if necessary.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical advice.


Eye Contact:

In case of eye contact, flush the eyes gently with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation persists.


Ingestion:

If Methyl Gluceth-20 is ingested, do not induce vomiting unless instructed by medical professionals.
Rinse the mouth with water if the product has been swallowed.
Seek medical attention immediately.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling Methyl Gluceth-20, use appropriate PPE, including gloves and safety goggles, to minimize direct skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area or use local exhaust ventilation to control exposure to vapors or mists, especially in cases where aerosolization may occur.

Avoidance of Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact with undiluted Methyl Gluceth-20.
In case of contact, wash the affected area promptly with mild soap and water.

Incompatibilities:
Ensure compatibility with other ingredients in formulations.
Follow compatibility guidelines provided by suppliers to prevent undesirable reactions.

Spill Response:
In the event of a spill, absorb the material with an inert absorbent and dispose of it according to local regulations.

Waste Disposal:
Dispose of Methyl Gluceth-20 and associated materials in accordance with local regulations.
Follow guidelines for waste disposal provided by regulatory authorities.

Storage Temperature:
Store Methyl Gluceth-20 in a cool, dry place.
Avoid exposure to excessive heat or direct sunlight, as this may affect the stability of the product.

Container Integrity:
Ensure that containers used for storage are tightly sealed to prevent contamination and evaporation of the product.

Handling Procedures:
Follow good manufacturing practices (GMP) and standard operating procedures (SOPs) for handling cosmetic ingredients.
Train personnel on proper handling techniques.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store Methyl Gluceth-20 at temperatures recommended by the supplier.
Typically, room temperature or slightly cooler conditions are suitable.

Ventilation:
Ensure storage areas are well-ventilated to prevent the buildup of vapors or mists.

Avoidance of Contaminants:
Store Methyl Gluceth-20 away from potential contaminants, such as strong odors, incompatible materials, and substances that may react with the product.

Original Containers:
Preferably, store Methyl Gluceth-20 in its original packaging to maintain product integrity and ensure proper labeling.

Controlled Access:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Keep the product out of reach of unauthorized individuals.

Separation from Incompatibles:
Store Methyl Gluceth-20 away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, and oxidizing agents.

Monitoring Conditions:
Regularly monitor storage conditions to ensure they comply with the supplier's recommendations and regulatory requirements.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage areas with appropriate hazard information and handling instructions.
Ensure labels are intact and legible.

Emergency Procedures:
Have emergency procedures in place, including contact information for relevant emergency services, in case of accidental exposure, spills, or other emergencies.

DESCRIPTION:
Glucam P 10 humectant is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P 10 creates a luxurious feel in shampoos and other surfactant systems.
Its mildness makes Glucam P 10 a natural choice for makeup products used around the eye or in formulations made for sensitive skin.


CAS Number: 61849-72-7
Function: Humectant / Sensory Modifier / Solubilizer
INCI Name: PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCAM P 10:
Molecular Weight: 730.88450000
Formula: C31 H70 O18
CAS Number: 61849-72-7
Function: Humectant / Sensory Modifier / Solubilizer
INCI Name: PPG-10 Methyl Glucose Ether
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 389.10 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 372.00 °F. TCC ( 189.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.690 (est)
Boiling Point:389.1 °C at 760 mmHgFlash Point:189.1 °C
Vapor Pressure:1.15E-07mmHg at 25°C



Glucam P 10 is recommended for use in lotions, creams, cleansing formulations, hair conditioners, styling gels, and mousses.
Glucam P 10 offers excellent shine & gloss, improves combability & solubility.
Glucam P 10 increases foam wetness and provides smooth, silky feel.

Moreover, Glucam P 10 reduces sting of hydroalcoholic systems.
Glucam P 10 humectant is used in color cosmetics, hand soaps, wipes, intimate & mild cleansers.
Also, Glucam P 10 is used in eye-, facial-, hand/foot- and sun care products.
Glucam P 10 has the special property of reducing the viscosity of surface-active agents and of foaming effect.




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLUCAM P 10:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


SYNONYMS OF GLUCAM P 10:
GLUCAM P-10/20
PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER
Polyoxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-, ether with methyl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside (4:1)
Poly(oxy(methyl-1,2-ethandiyl)), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, Ether mit Methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosid (4:1)
B-Methyl D-glucopyranoside, propoxylated
Poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, ether with methyl -D-glucopyranoside (4:1)
Methyl glucoside propoxylate
Polypropylene glycol beta-methyl glucoside ether (4:1)

DESCRIPTION:
GLUCAM P 20 humectant is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
GLUCAM P 20 is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.
In any product, GLUCAM P 20 delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.

CAS # 61849-72-7
Function: Humectant
INCI Name: PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCAM P 20 :
INCI Name: PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether
Function: Humectant
Ingredient Origin: Natural Origin
Labeling Claims: GMO-free, TSE-free, Natural, Halal, Naturally Derived
Certifications & Compliance: Halal, CFDA Compliant (China)
Benefit Claims: Reduces Freezing Point Depression, Cleansing, Luxurious Skin-Feel, Fixative, Emolliency, Reduces Stinging, Humectancy
Molecular Weight: 730.88450000
Formula: C31 H70 O18
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 389.10 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 372.00 °F. TCC ( 189.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.690 (est)


In alcohol-based systems Glucam P-20 humectant reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, GLUCAM P 20 acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".

The light color and low odor of Glucam P-20 humectant will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.
GLUCAM P 20 is recommended for use in hair care and skin care products.

GLUCAM P 20 humectant is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
GLUCAM P 20 is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.
In any product, GLUCAM P 20 delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.

In alcohol-based systems GLUCAM P 20 humectant reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, GLUCAM P 20 acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".
The light color and low odor of GLUCAM P 20 humectant will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.
GLUCAM P 20 is recommended for use in hair care and skin care products.

CTFA/INCI Designation: PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether
Typical Properties: Physical properties are listed below and indicate typical values and properties; they are not intended to be used as product specifications.
Solubility: Water, alcohols, organic esters and oils
Reduces stinging of alcohol


FEATURES/BENEFITS OF GLUCAM P 20:
GLUCAM P 20 has Fragrance fixation
GLUCAM P 20 has Freezing point depressant
GLUCAM P 20 is Luxurious feel

GLUCAM P 20 is Miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters and oils
GLUCAM P 20 is Naturally derived
GLUCAM P 20 Reduces stinging of alcohol

GLUCAM P 20 is Efficient barrier for reducing water loss from the stratum corneum while allowing some water transport
GLUCAM P 20 Helps eliminate the heavy, greasy feeling normally associated with superior moisturization
GLUCAM P 20 is Light, smooth, non-greasy feel
GLUCAM P 20 Provides luxurious slip properties to creams and lotions


GLUCAM P 20 is a hygroscopic propylated methyl glucose ether of natural origin with dissolving properties.
GLUCAM P 20 has light color and indinstict odor .
GLUCAM P 20 is used as an emollient or lubricant.

GLUCAM P 20 also acts as a perfume stabilizer, by decreasing its volatility.
When added to products containing ethyl alcohol, GLUCAM P 20 reduces the stinging sensation it causes.
GLUCAM P 20 is Suitable for use in dermocosmetics and hair products.


APPLICATIONS OF GLUCAM P 20:
GLUCAM P 20 is used in Shaving Products
GLUCAM P 20 is used in Styling Products

GLUCAM P 20 distearate emollient is a naturally-derived 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
GLUCAM P 20 is designed for skin care formulations to deliver safe, effective moisturization without a heavy-, greasy feel.
Because GLUCAM P 20 is mild, vegetable-derived and non-comedogenic, GLUCAM P 20 is especially well suited for products used around the eye or in formulations made for sensitive skin.




SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLUCAM P 20 :
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

Glucam P20 may have humectant properties, helping to retain moisture and keep the skin or hair hydrated.
Glucam P20 is often used to improve the texture and feel of cosmetic products, making them more pleasant to use.
Glucam P20 is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.

CAS Number: 61849-72-7
Molecular Formula: C31H70O18
Molecular Weight: 730.8767

Glucam P20, (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol.

Glucam P20 is currently not a stock item, it may not be available at the moment.
Glucam P20 is a humectant and emollient added to many personal care products.
Derived from glucose and plant-based oils, it is a clear, and colorless liquid that is largely soluble in water.

Glucam P20 is known for its ability to improve the texture of skincare and haircare products, making them smoother and more spreadable.
However, our global sourcing specialists can support in line with your product specification and your preferences.
Glucam P20 also helps to fix fragrance. We also supply other cosmetic materials.

Glucam P20 acts as a surfactant, helping to reduce the surface tension of liquids.
This property allows the product to spread more easily on the skin or hair.
Glucam P20 can function as an emollient, contributing to the softening and smoothing of the skin or hair.

Glucam P20 delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
In alcohol-based systems it reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Glucam P20 distearate emollient is a naturally-derived 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.

Glucam P20 is designed for skin care formulations to deliver safe, effective moisturization without a heavy, greasy feel.
Because Glucam P20 is mild, vegetable-derived and non-comedogenic, it is especially well suited for products used around the eye or in formulations made for sensitive skin.
In hair care products, Glucam P20 acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture and prevent dryness.

This helps keep hair feeling soft, smooth, and hydrated.
Glucam P20 also aids in moisturizing and soothing the skin, leaving it feeling nourished.
Glucam P20 has a smoothing effect on the skin, which makes it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.

Glucam P20 can be found in shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams, and is often used in combination with other ingredients to enhance its benefits.
Glucam P20 indicated, in 2009, as being intended to be registered by at least one company in the EEA.
Such notifications are required for hazardous substances, as such or in mixtures, as well as for all substances subject to registration, regardless of their hazard.

Glucam P20 comes as a pale yellow, medium-viscosity liquid in its raw material form and is obtained from corn.
Glucam P20 is a polyethylene glycol ether of the mono anddiesters of methyl glucose and stearic acid with an average of 20 moles of ethylene oxide.
Glucam P20 is a mild, water-loving emulsifier that's safe for sensitive skin or eye-care formulations.

Glucam P20 helps to create low viscosity oil-in-water emulsions, ideal for milks, serums, and sprayable formulations.
Glucam P20's derived from natural sources and gives a light, satiny afterfeel.
Glucam P20 is naturally derived emollient that provides hydration without a heavy, greasy feel.

Glucam P20 is a naturally derived 100% active propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Designed for skin care formulations to provide safe, effective hydration without a heavy, greasy feel.
Since Glucam P20 is mild, plant-based and non-comedogenic, it is very suitable for products used especially around the eyes or formulations prepared for sensitive skin.

Glucam P20 is the ether of mono and diester of methyl glucose and stearic acid.
Glucam P20 is a yellowish paste with a characteristic odor.
Glucam P20 is a combination of both polyethelene glycol – a water-loving molecule and stearic acid – a fat-loving molecule.

Glucam P20 is a glucose molecule having a methyl group attached by displacing a hydrogen atom.
Glucam P20 can be considered as a bulky molecule having surfactant like properties.

Glucam P20 is an ethoxylated methyl glucose ether which has been esterified with stearic acid.
Glucam P20 is 100% active and is supplied as a soft solid.
Glucam P20 has water-in-oil emulsifying activity, and Glucamate SSE-20 emulsifier is an oil-in-water emulsifier

Glucam P20 is used together, they form a complementary pair offering safety and performance advantages over more conventional emulsifiers.
With extremely low eye irritation scores, these ingredients are perfect for creams, lotions and makeup used near the eye.
Glucam P20 is used in beauty products and cosmetics as both an emollient and surfactant.

Glucam P20 is the polyethylene glycol ether of the mono and diesters of Methyl Glucose and Stearic Acid, and is minimally absorbed by skin because of
Glucam P20 is seen as an ingredient in a large number of products because of their diverse properties

Glucam P20 also helps to moisturize the surface that it is applied on and lock in hydration, leaving the surface feeling soft and supple.
Glucam P20 is known for its ability to improve the texture of skincare and haircare products, making them smoother and more spreadable.
Glucam P20 is a humectant and emollient added to many personal care products

According to suppliers of Glucam P20, it comes as a pale yellow, medium-viscosity liquid in its raw material form and is obtained from corn.
Glucam P20 is a blend of polypropylene glycol and methyl glucose derivatives that helps soften and smooth skin and hair.
Glucam P20 is considered an excellent hydrating ingredient due to its humectant (water-binding) properties.

Glucam P20 is sometimes used to enhance the texture of cosmetic formulas.
Glucam P20 also helps to moisturize the surface that it is applied on and lock in hydration, leaving the surface feeling soft and supple.
Glucam P20 is a Diester of PPG20 methyl glucose ether and stearic acid Glucam P20 distearate uses and applications include: Humectant, moisturizer, conditioner, and emollient for cosmetics and pharmaceuticals; binder and plasticizer for pressed powders.

Glucam P20 is one of the few naturally derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.
In any product, Glucam P20 delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
Glucam P20 is a mild, non-irritative moisturizer derived from natural glucose.

Glucam P20 can be mixed with water, alcohol and grease, providing favorable moisturization, lubricity and emollience.
Glucam P20’s widely used in skin care, hair care and body wash products, reducing irritation to skin caused by alcohol.
The chemical formula for Glucam P20 is C31H70O18.

Glucam P20 is a very useful ingredient that is commonly used in personal care products.
Glucam P20 has moisturizing and emollient properties that are beneficial for hair and skin formulations.
In hair care products, Glucam P20 acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture and prevent dryness.

This helps keep hair feeling soft, smooth, and hydrated.
Glucam P20 also aids in moisturizing and soothing the skin, leaving it feeling nourished.
Glucam P20 has a smoothing effect on the skin, which makes it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.

Glucam P20 can be found in shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams, and is often used in combination with other ingredients to enhance its benefits.
Glucam P20 is a cosmetic ingredient commonly used in skincare and hair care products.
Glucam P20 is made by combining plant-based oils and glucose.

The process involves the reaction of the oils with glucose to form a complex mixture of esters.
This mixture is then further processed to produce the final ingredient.
Glucam P20 humectant is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.

Glucam P20 is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.
In any product, it delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
In alcohol-based systems Glucam P-20 humectant reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.

Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, it acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".
The light color and low odor of Glucam P-20 humectant will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.
Glucam P20 is recommended for use in hair care and skin care products.

Derived from glucose and plant-based oils, Glucam P20 is a clear, and colorless liquid that is largely soluble in water.
The chemical formula for Glucam P20 is C31H70O18.
Glucam P20 is a very useful ingredient that is commonly used in personal care products.

Glucam P20 has moisturizing and emollient properties that are beneficial for hair and skin formulations.
Glucam P20 is used as wetting agent, skin caring agent, emulsifying agent and fixative.
Glucam P20 is mixing soluble with polar solvents, as water and ethyl alcohol and also with nonpolar solvents, for example, isopropyl palmitate.

LogP: -2.690 (est)
EWG's Food Scores: 1

In alcohol-based systems GlucamP20 humectant reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
As a skin conditioning agent, Glucam P20 forms a protective film on the skin surface that prevents moisture loss from the skin and lubricates it.
When used on the hair, it forms a protective layer on the hair and prevents it from drying out.

Glucam P20 gives it a smooth and silky look.
Depending on its chemical structure, Glucam P20 also functions as an emollient and surfactant in cosmetic products.
A surfactant is one that works more or less like a detergent.

Chemically, ether (-O-), which is the binding link between PPG and methylglucose, imparts a loving characteristic to fat, while PPG and methylglucose, separately, are loving. of water by nature.
Therefore, when combined, they are effective against dirt and dead bacteria, since they are grease-loving.
They stick to dirt and bacteria on the skin and wash away with water.

Both PPG and methylglucose have some functional groups that attract water and hold it for use by skin cells.
Glucam P20 can contribute to the hydration of the skin and hair.
Glucam P20 is humectant properties help attract and retain moisture, promoting a smoother and more moisturized appearance.

In addition to skincare and hair care products, Glucam P20 is often used in cleansers and foaming products.
Glucam P20 is surfactant properties make it useful for creating a lathering effect, helping to cleanse the skin or hair effectively.
Glucam P20 can contribute to the stability of formulations by preventing the separation of oil and water phases in emulsions.

This enhances the overall stability and shelf life of cosmetic products.
As a non-ionic surfactant, Glucam P20 is generally considered mild and is less likely to cause irritation compared to some other surfactants.
This makes it suitable for use in products designed for sensitive skin.

The presence of a polyol structure (methyl glucose) in the molecule can add a conditioning effect, contributing to the softness and manageability of hair in hair care formulations.
Glucam P20 is recommended for use in perfume, fabcon, linen spray, hair care and skin care products.
Glucam P20 can also be used as humectants to your skin care products like lotion and cream.

Glucam P20 is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.
Glucam P20 delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
Glucam P20 is used in formulations of creams, lotions, moisturizers, conditioners, and other skin and hair care products.

Glucam P20 can contribute to the viscosity control of cosmetic formulations.
Glucam P20 helps to adjust the thickness or flow of the product, which is crucial for various formulations such as creams, lotions, and gels.
In some formulations, Glucam P20 may be used in combination with other ingredients to create synergistic effects.

Glucam P20 can enhance the overall performance and sensory attributes of the product.
This ingredient is often compatible with a wide range of other cosmetic ingredients, making it versatile in formulating different types of personal care products.
Glucam P20 is non-ionic, meaning it does not carry an electric charge.

This makes it compatible with a variety of cosmetic formulations, including those that are sensitive to changes in pH.
Cosmetic manufacturers often use Glucam P20 to improve the sensory experience of their products.
The ingredient can contribute to a luxurious feel, ease of application, and a non-sticky finish, which positively influences consumer perception.

Glucam P20 is a blend of polypropylene glycol and methyl glucose derivatives that helps soften and smooth skin and hair.
Glucam P20 is considered an excellent hydrating ingredient due to its humectant (water-binding) properties.
Glucam P20 is sometimes used to enhance the texture of cosmetic formulas.

In alcohol-based systems Glucam P20 reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, it acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes"
Glucam P20 is a synthetic polymer of propylene oxide.

In cosmetics, PPG is often used to enhance the texture and feel of products, providing a smooth and silky consistency.
Glucam P20 is derived from glucose and is often used in cosmetic formulations for its ability to condition and moisturize the skin.
Glucam P20 can also act as a humectant, helping to retain moisture.

Glucam P20 contributes to the emollient properties of skincare and hair care products.
Emollients are substances that help to soften and smooth the skin, improving its texture and appearance.
As a surfactant, Glucam P20 helps to reduce the surface tension of liquids, aiding in the even distribution of the product and enhancing its spreadability.

Glucam P20 is water-soluble, making it suitable for a wide range of formulations, including aqueous solutions like lotions and shampoos.
This ingredient is often chosen for its stability in formulations, contributing to the overall stability and shelf life of cosmetic products.

Glucam P20 functions as a hair and skin conditioning agent.
As a skin conditioning agent forms a protective film on the surface of the skin which prevents loss of moisture from the skin and lubricates it.
When used in hair it forms a protective layer on the hair and prevents it from drying.

Glucam P20 makes it appear soft and silky.
Depending upon the chemical structure Glucam P20 also functions as an emollient and surfactant in cosmetic products.
A surfactant is the one that more or less works like a detergent.

Chemically understanding, ether (-O-) being the connecting bond between PPG and Methyl glucose, imparts fat-loving characteristic, while PPG and methyl glucose, individually are water-loving in nature.
So, when they combine, they are effective against dirt and dead bacteria, since they are fat-loving.
They bond with dirt and bacteria present on the skin and get carried away with water. Both PPG and Methyl glucose have some functional groups that attract water and hold it for use for the skin cells.

So, it can function as emollient as well.
Glucam P20 is used in formulations of creams, lotions, moisturizers, conditioners, and other skin and hair care products.
As with any cosmetic ingredient, Glucam P20 is important to use products containing Glucam P20 as directed and discontinue use if any signs of irritation or allergic reaction occur.

Glucam P20 functions as a hair and skin conditioning agent.
Glucam P20 is a synthetic polymer formed from methyl glucose ether and polypropylene glycol.
The number represents the number of PPG units in the polymer chain.

Glucam P20 is light in color and soluble in oils and other organic solvents.
Glucam P20 is a blend of polypropylene glycol and methyl glucose derivatives that helps soften and smooth skin and hair.
Glucam P20 is considered an excellent hydrating ingredient due to its humectant (water-binding) properties.

Glucam P20 is sometimes used to enhance the texture of cosmetic formulas.
According to suppliers of Glucam P20, it comes as a pale yellow, medium-viscosity liquid in its raw material form and is obtained from corn.
Glucam P20 emollient is a naturally-derived 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.

Glucam P20 is designed for skin care formulations to deliver safe, effective moisturization without a heavy, greasy feel.
Because Glucam P20 is mild, vegetable-derived and non-comedogenic, it is especially well suited for products used around the eye or in formulations made for sensitive skin.
In fragrance containing formulations, Glucam P20 acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".

The light color and low odor of Glucam P20 humectant will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.
This is also a naturally-derived humectant, 100% active, propoxylated Glucam P20.

Glucam P20 is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.
In any product, it delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.

Uses:
Glucam P20's solubility and mild characteristics make it suitable for use in fragrance formulations, helping to disperse and stabilize fragrance ingredients.
Glucam P20 reduces a chance of inter-reaction of various ingredients and gives noticeable stability to the product.
Glucam P20 also functions as a thickener by attracting water molecules and gives a sort of ‘swollen’ appearance to its molecule.

Glucam P20 enhances its overall performance of the product on the skin or hair surface.
Glucam P20 can be present in various grooming products for men, such as shaving creams and aftershaves, contributing to their texture and overall performance.

Glucam P20 may be included in sunscreen formulations to contribute to the overall texture and spreadability of the product.
Glucam P20 can enhance the user experience by providing a smoother application.
In facial serums, Glucam P20 can function as a lightweight emollient, helping to deliver active ingredients while providing a non-greasy feel.

Glucam P20 can be found in various makeup products such as foundations, BB creams, and tinted moisturizers.
Glucam P20 is emollient properties contribute to a smooth application and help create a desirable finish.
Glucam P20 is soothing and moisturizing properties make Glucam P20 suitable for inclusion in after-shave products, helping to calm and hydrate the skin post-shaving.

In pre-shave products like shaving creams or gels, Glucam P20 can contribute to the overall texture, making it easier for the product to adhere to the skin for a smoother shaving experience.
Glucam P20 may be used in body creams and body butters to enhance the moisturizing properties, providing a luxurious and soft feel to the skin.
Its water-soluble nature makes Glucam P20 suitable for use in antiperspirants and deodorants, contributing to the overall formulation and feel of the product.

Glucam P20's mild and conditioning properties make it suitable for use in baby care products, such as baby lotions or mild cleansers.
Glucam P20 is used for its emulsifying properties in cosmetic products.
As an emulsifier, Glucam P20 gives stability to the product and prevents the oil and water-based components of the product from getting separated.

Since molecules dissolving in water can take up the Glucam P20 part and oil dissolving molecules will get attached to the stearate part.
Glucam P20 is used in formulations of creams, lotions, gels, shampoos, and other skincare products.
Glucam P20 can be included in moisturizers and lotions to provide emollient properties, helping to soften and hydrate the skin.

Glucam P20 is surfactant properties make it suitable for use in facial cleansers, body washes, and other cleansing products, contributing to foaming and cleansing effects.
Glucam P20 may be added to hair conditioners to enhance the texture and manageability of the hair, providing a conditioning effect.
In shampoos, Glucam P20 can contribute to foaming and cleansing properties.

Glucam P20 helps stabilize emulsions, preventing the separation of oil and water phases.
This is important in formulations like creams and lotions.
Glucam P20 can be used to adjust the thickness or viscosity of cosmetic products, influencing their texture and application.

Glucam P20 acts as a humectant, attracting and retaining moisture, which is beneficial for maintaining skin and hair hydration.
Due to its non-ionic nature and mild characteristics, Glucam P20 is often included in formulations designed for sensitive skin.
Glucam P20 contributes to the overall sensory experience of a product, providing a smooth and pleasant texture.

Glucam P20 can be found in some sunscreen formulations, contributing to the overall texture of the product.
Glucam P20 is water-soluble nature makes it compatible with both water-based and oil-based sunscreen formulations.
In cosmetic products such as foundations, concealers, and BB creams, Glucam P20 may be used to enhance the spreadability and blendability of the product.

Glucam P20 is commonly used in various body care products, including body lotions, creams, and shower gels, where it can provide moisturizing and cleansing benefits.
Due to its mildness and moisturizing properties, Glucam P20 is sometimes included in formulations for baby care products such as baby lotions and washes.

Glucam P20 can be found in leave-in conditioners, hair serums, and styling products, contributing to the overall manageability and softness of the hair.
Glucam P20 may be included in the formulation of cosmetic wipes, contributing to the effectiveness of the wipe in removing makeup and impurities.

Safety profile:
Some individuals may be more sensitive to certain cosmetic ingredients, and skin irritation or allergic reactions could occur.
Glucam P20's always advisable to perform a patch test before using a new product extensively, especially if you have a history of skin allergies or sensitivities.
Avoid contact with eyes.

In case of accidental contact, rinse thoroughly with water.
While inhalation exposure is unlikely in typical cosmetic use, excessive inhalation of fine particles or aerosols should be avoided.
Glucam P20 is generally considered a safe ingredient for use in a variety of different products within the cosmetic industry.

Glucam P20 is well tolerated by most skin and hair types and is also non-comedogenic. Patch testing is not typically necessary for this ingredient.
Additionally, Glucam P20 is vegan and halal, making it a suitable ingredient for those following a vegan or halal lifestyle.
As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to use products containing Glucam P20 as directed and discontinue use if any signs of irritation or allergic reaction occur.

The safety of any cosmetic product depends on the entire formulation, including the combination of ingredients and their concentrations.
Always follow product usage instructions and guidelines provided by the manufacturer.

Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
The chemical formula for Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is C31H70O18.


CAS Number: 61849-72-7
Chem/IUPAC Name: Poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-, ether with methyl .beta.-d-glucopyranoside (4:1)
Name: (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxyoxane-3,4,5-triol;2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol (ppg-20)
MDL Number: MFCD08064623
Molecular Formula: C31H70O18



PPG-20 methyl glucose ether, 3WV1T97D3K, AEC PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, GLUCAM P-20 HUMECTANT, MACBIOBRIDE MG-20P, METHYL GLUCOSIDE PROPOXYLATE (20), POLYOXYPROPYLENE (20) METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL (20) METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, Poly(oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, ether with methylbeta-D-glucopyranoside (4:1), Polypropylene glycol methyl beta-glucopyranoside ether (4:1), UNII-3WV1T97D3K, UNII-U8FDM41K9E, Methyl Glucoside Propoxylate, Polypropylene Glycol Methyl Glucose Ether, GLUCAM P-10/20, Methyl glucoside propoxylate, Polypropylene glycol beta-methyl glucoside ether (4:1), Polypropylene glycol methyl beta-glucopyranoside ether (4:1), alpha-Hydro-omega-hydroxy-poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)] ether with methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (4:1), Polyoxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-, ether with methyl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside (4:1), Poly(oxy(methyl-1,2-ethandiyl)), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, Ether mit Methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosid (4:1), B-Methyl D-glucopyranoside, propoxylated, 2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propan-1-ol-methyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (4:1), Glucam P-10/20, MeG P-20, PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether, Methyl Glucose Ether, AEC PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, GLUCAM P-20 HUMECTANT, MACBIOBRIDE MG-20P, METHYL GLUCOSIDE PROPOXYLATE (20), POLY(OXY(METHYL-1,2-ETHANEDIYL(20))), .ALPHA.-HYDRO-.OMEGA.-HYDROXY -, ETHER WITH METHYL .BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE (4:1), POLYOXYPROPYLENE (20) METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, POLYPROPYLENE GLYCOL (20) METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER [INCI], GlucamP20, Unicam P20, Propoxylated Alcohol, PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether, Methyl glucoside propoxylate, B-Methyl D-glucopyranoside, propoxylated GLUCAM P-10/20, Glucam P-20 humectant, PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, Methyl glucoside propoxylate, ylbeta-d-glucopyranoside(4:1), PPG-20 Methyl glucoside propoxylate, B-Methyl D-glucopyranoside, propoxylated, Polypropylene glycol beta-methyl glucoside ether (4:1), PPG-20 methyl glucose ether ( P-20 from Amerchol of Dow), Polypropylene glycol methyl beta-glucopyranoside ether (4:1), GLUCAM P-10/20, PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER, Polyoxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl), .alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-, ether with methyl .beta.-D-glucopyranoside (4:1), Poly(oxy(methyl-1,2-ethandiyl)), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, Ether mit Methyl-beta-D-glucopyranosid (4:1), B-Methyl D-glucopyranoside, propoxylated, Poly[oxy(methyl-1,2-ethanediyl)], α-hydro-ω-hydroxy-, ether with methyl -D-glucopyranoside (4:1), Methyl glucoside propoxylate, Polypropylene glycol beta-methyl glucoside ether (4:1),



Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether)is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.


In any product, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
In alcohol-based systems Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".


The light color and low odor of Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is recommended for use in hair care and skin care products.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) offers lubricious, luxurious and emollient feel and depresses freezing point.
In alcohol-based systems Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging effect on the skin.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) provides fragrance fixation by subduing volatilization of high notes.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.


In any product, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
In alcohol-based systems Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".


The light color and low odor of Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally derived humectant, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is one of the few naturally derived cosmetic liquids that can be miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters and oils.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) provides moisture with a slippery, softening feel in any product. In alcohol-based systems,
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) helps reduce the burning effect of alcohol on the skin.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is recommended to be used in hair care and skin care products.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a humectant and emollient added to many personal care products.
Derived from glucose and plant-based oils, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a clear, and colorless liquid that is largely soluble in water.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is known for its ability to improve the texture of skincare and haircare products, making them smoother and more spreadable.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) also helps to moisturize the surface that it is applied on and lock in hydration, leaving the surface feeling soft and supple.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a very useful ingredient that is commonly used in personal care products.


Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".
The light color and low odor of Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a mild, non-irritative moisturizer derived from natural GLUCO.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is also a naturally-derived humectant, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.


In any product, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
In alcohol-based systems Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that is miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel in any product.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) provides cleansing agent formula.
Mild naturally derived humectant, Alkoxylated methyl glycosides, such as Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether), a solvent offering good fragrance fixation properties as well as interesting sensorial benefits such as the reduction in tackiness.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) provides excellent performances in AP/DEO formulations containing antiperspirant agents (e.g., aluminum chlorohydrate and aluminum zirconium chlorohydrate derivatives) by reducing white residue left on the skin and subsequently transferred onto textile substrates.


The formulation containing Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) also shows enhanced stability compared to the one without this humectant.
The formulation without Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) showed oil separation after 2 weeks at room temperature while the formulation with this humectant remained.


Alkoxylated methyl ether glycosides such as Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) can be formulated into antiperspirant and deodorant compositions to mitigate white stain transfer onto skin and textile substrates while providing some humectant and a good sensory profile.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a light yellow liquid with mild characteristic odor.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a hygroscopic propylated methyl glucose ether of natural origin with dissolving properties.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) has light color and indinstict odor .


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is used as an emollient or lubricant.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) also acts as a perfume stabilizer, by decreasing its volatility.
When added to products containing ethyl alcohol, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging sensation it causes.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is an emollient.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is of natural origin.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is easily miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters and oils.


When used in cosmetic products Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) provides moisture and has a very good emollient effect.
When added to cosmetics containing alcohol, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the irritation that alcohol can cause.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) has moisturizing and emollient properties that are beneficial for hair and skin formulations.
In hair care products, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) acts as a humectant, helping to retain moisture and prevent dryness.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) helps keep hair feeling soft, smooth, and hydrated.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) also aids in moisturizing and soothing the skin, leaving it feeling nourished.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) has a smoothing effect on the skin, which makes it a popular ingredient in anti-aging formulations.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) can be found in shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams, and is often used in combination with other ingredients to enhance its benefits.


Cosmetic Uses of Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether): hair conditioning and skin conditioning.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is used Facial Cleansers (Bath and Shower), Hand Soap (Bath & Shower),
Shaving Products (Bath and Shower), Conditioner (Hair Care), Shampoo (Hair Care), Styling Products (Hair Care), After Shave (Skin Care), and Facial Care Products (Skin Care).


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is recommended for use in hair care and skin care products.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is used in shaving, styling, hair- & skin care products.
Use: In alcohol based systems Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.


Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".
The light color and low odor of Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is recommended for use in hair care and skin care products.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.


In any product, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
In alcohol-based systems Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is designed for skin care formulations to deliver safe, effective moisturization without a heavy, greasy feel.


Because Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is mild, vegetable-derived and non-comedogenic, it is especially well suited for products used around the eye or in formulations made for sensitive skin.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is one of the few naturally-derived cosmetic fluids that are miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters, and oils.


In any product, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) delivers humectancy with a lubricious, emollient feel.
In alcohol-based systems Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging effect alcohol has on skin.
Equally important in fragrance containing formulations, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) acts as a fixative by subduing volatilization of the "high notes".


The light color and low odor of Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) will not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to communicate.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is recommended for use in hair care and skin care products.
In alcohol-based systems, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) reduces the stinging effect alcohol can have on the skin.


Furthermore, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) acts as a fixative in fragrance-containing formulations by reducing the volatilization of high notes.
The light color and low odor of Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) do not interfere with the mood the fragrance is trying to convey.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is recommended for use in hair and skin care products.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is designed for skin care formulations to deliver safe, effective moisturization without a heavy, greasy feel.
Because Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is mild, vegetable-derived and non-comedogenic, it is especially well suited for products used around the eye or in formulations made for sensitive skin.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is suitable for use in dermocosmetics and hair products.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) stabilizes the fragrance by controlling the rapid evaporation of the perfume's high notes.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is ideal for making perfume or in cosmetics that want a long-lasting fragrance, such as body creams, insect repellents, deodorants, after shave, etc.


Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is designed for skin care formulations to deliver safe, effective moisturization without a heavy, greasy feel.
Because Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is mild, vegetable-derived and non-comedogenic, it is especially well suited for products used around the eye or in formulations made for sensitive skin.


-Fragrance Fixative uses of Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether):
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is a naturally-derived, 100% active, propoxylated methyl glucose ether.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) offers lubricious, luxurious emollient feel, reduces stinging effect and depresses freezing point.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) provides fragrance fixation by subduing volatilization of high notes.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is used in hand soaps, shampoos, shaving & styling preparations and facial care products.



FUNCTIONS OF GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
*Emollient,
*Fixative,
*Humectant



KEY FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
*Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is derived from natural sources
*Humectant
*Stability enhancement
*Reduction of antiperspirant white stain transfer marks
*Good spreading and sensory profile
*Mildness
*Fragrance fixation
*Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) effectively reduces odor, and also show excellent sensorial properties and reduce white stains and marks on both clothes and skin.



BENEFITS OF GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
*freezing point lowering
*luxury feeling
*Miscible with water, alcohols, organic esters and oils
*naturally derived
*Helps reduce alcohol burn



FUNCTIONS OF GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
Is an extremely effective emollient, fragrance fixative and humectant for hair care and skin care products.



ALTERNATIVES OF GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
*GLYCERIN,
*SODIUM PCA,
*CAPRYLYL GLYCOL



WHAT DOES GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER) DO IN A FORMULATION?
*Emollient
*Hair conditioning
*Humectant
*Skin conditioning



ORIGIN OF GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is made by combining plant-based oils and glucose.
The process involves the reaction of the oils with glucose to form a complex mixture of esters.
This mixture is then further processed to produce the final ingredient.



SAFETY PROFILE OF GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is generally considered a safe ingredient for use in a variety of different products within the cosmetic industry.
Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is well tolerated by most skin and hair types and is also non-comedogenic.
Patch testing is not typically necessary for this ingredient.

Additionally, Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) is vegan and halal, making it a suitable ingredient for those following a vegan or halal lifestyle.
As with any cosmetic ingredient, it is important to use products containing Glucam P-20 (PPG-20 Methyl Glucose Ether) as directed and discontinue use if any signs of irritation or allergic reaction occur.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
Physical state: no data available
Colour: no data available
Odour: no data available
Melting point/ freezing point: no data available
Boiling point or initial boiling point and boiling range: 389.1\u00baC at 760 mmHg
Flammability: no data available
Lower and upper explosion limit / flammability limit: no data available
Flash point: 189.1\u00baC
Auto-ignition temperature: no data available
Decomposition temperature: no data available
pH: no data available
Kinematic viscosity: no data available
Solubility: no data available
Partition coefficient n-octanol/water (log value): no data available

Vapour pressure: no data available
Density and/or relative density: no data available
Relative vapour density: no data available
Particle characteristics: no data available
Molecular Weight: 730.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 12
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 18
Rotatable Bond Count: 18
Exact Mass: 730.45621538
Monoisotopic Mass: 730.45621538
Topological Polar Surface Area: 298 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 49

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 228
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 5
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 8
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 5
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: Pale yellow viscous syrup
Assay: Min. 99.0%
Odor: Mild
Acid number, mg/g: Max. 11
Hydroxyl value, mg/g: 270-305
Moisture, % WT.: Max. 1.0
Saponification value, mg/g: 125-140

Iodine value: 1
Ash, % WT.: Max. 0.5
Color, Gardner: Max. 7
Melt range, °C: 48-55
Appearance: Pale yellow viscous syrup
Assay: Min. 99.0%
Odor: Mild
Acid number, mg/g: Max. 11
Hydroxyl value, mg/g: 270-305
Moisture, % WT.: Max. 1.0
Saponification value, mg/g: 125-140
Iodine value: 1
Ash, % WT.: Max. 0.5
Color, Gardner: Max. 7
Melt range, ℃: 48-55
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 389.10 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)

Flash Point: 372.00 °F. TCC ( 189.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.690 (est)
CAS No.: 61849-72-7
Molecular Formula: C31H70O18
Formula Weight: 730.8767
Assay: 98%
Molecular Formula: C31H70O18
Molar Mass: 730.8767
Boling Point: 389.1°C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 189.1°C
Vapor Presure: 1.15E-07mmHg at 25°C
Appearance: colorless to light yellow clear liquid
Acidity: ≤1
Saponification value: ≤1
Hydroxyl value: 160-180

Iodine value: ≤1
Moisture: ≤1
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00 %
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 389.10 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 372.00 °F. TCC ( 189.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.690 (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Boiling Point: 389.10 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Vapor Pressure: 0.000000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 372.00 °F. TCC ( 189.10 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -2.690 (est)
Boiling Point: 250-270°C
Melting Point: 25-30°C
pH: 6.0-7.0
Solubility: Highly soluble in water
Viscosity: Low



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
-Description of necessary first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Most important symptoms/effects, acute and delayed:
no data available
-Indication of immediate medical attention and special treatment needed, if necessary:
no data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
-Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Pick up and arrange disposal.
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Specific hazards arising from the chemical:
no data available
-Special protective actions for fire-fighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
-Control parameters:
*Occupational Exposure limit values:
no data available
*Biological limit values:
no data available
-Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Individual protection measures, such as personal protective equipment (PPE):
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields.
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Wear impervious clothing.
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
-Thermal hazards:
no data available



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLUCAM P-20 (PPG-20 METHYL GLUCOSE ETHER):
-Reactivity:
no data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
no data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no data available
-Incompatible materials:
no data available
-Hazardous decomposition products:
no data available

Glucamate DOE-120 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier derived from naturally occurring raw materials, specifically dicarboxylic acids and alcohols.
Glucamate DOE-120 is methyl glucose ether esterified with oleic acid.
Glucamate DOE-120 provides formulations with foaming properties that are easy to pour and aesthetically pleasing.

CAS NUMBER: 86893-19-8
Molecular Formula: (C2H4O)mult(C2H4O)multC43H78O

Glucamate DOE-120 is a naturally derived methyl glucose ether esterified with oleic acid.
Importantly, adding a Glucamate DOE-120 Syrup thickener to formulas can significantly reduce eye irritation.
Glucamate DOE-120 is a naturally derived grade.

Glucamate DOE-120 is mild, non-irritating to the eyes and feels light.
Glucamate DOE-120 is used in shampoos, body lotions, liquid soaps, baby shampoos, special and mild cleaners.
Glucamate DOE-120 is a 70% active, naturally derived methyl glucose ether esterified with oleic acid.

Glucamate DOE-120 exhibits aesthetically pleasing foaming properties, creates very smooth formulations, high viscosity, smoothness and does not cause eye irritation.
The multifunctionality of Glucamate DOE-120 to viscous and reduce irritation makes it ideal for use in cleaning.

Glucamate DOE-120 thickener by Lubrizol is a naturally derived grade.
It is methyl glucose ether which has been esterified with oleic acid.
Glucamate DOE-120 is mild, non-irritating to the eyes and offers light feel.

Glucamate DOE-120 enables formulations that are easy to pour and have aesthetically pleasing foaming properties.
Glucamate DOE-120 thickener is used in shampoos, body washes, liquid soaps, baby shampoos, intimate & mild cleansers.
Glucamate DOE-120 is a naturally derived Methyl Glucoside derivative.

Glucamate DOE-120 adds body and provides a rich skin feel to this extremely light, high foaming body shampoo.
Glucamat DOE-120 derivatives are well known for their mildness and irritation-relieving properties.
Glucamate DOE-120 is a natural glucose derivative from corn and acts as a high-efficiency thickener in shampoo, body wash, facial care.

Glucamate DOE-120 can be applied to some surfactants, especially those that are difficult to thicken.
Glucamate DOE-120 is non-irritating to the eyes, while significantly reducing the irritation of the entire formula.
Glucamate DOE-120 is a highly effective nonionic thickener for hair a highly effective nonionic thickener for hair care

Glucamate DOE-120 is a care and skin care product.
Glucamate DOE-120 is derived from the thickener Glucamate DOE-120, which is derived from corn.
Due to its easy-to-use flaky form, Glucamate DOE-120 is easily formulated.

Glucamate DOE-120 is a vegetable-derived, high-efficiency viscosity builder designed for use with many anionic compounds.
Glucamate DOE-120 is a natural GLUCO™se derivative from corn, acting as high-efficient thickener in shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser and baby cleanser.
It is especially applicable to some surfactants hardly to thicken.

Glucamate DOE-120 causes no irritation to eyes, meanwhile significantly reduces irritation of whole formula.
Glucamate DOE-120 is effective at forming and stabilizing oil-in-water emulsions.
This makes it valuable in cosmetic formulations where ingredients with different solubilities need to be combined.

Glucamate DOE-120 exhibits good compatibility with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, including oils, waxes, and other surfactants.
This versatility allows formulators to use it in various cosmetic products.

Glucamate DOE-120 can improve the sensory characteristics of formulations, providing a smooth and luxurious feel to the final product.
In addition to its emulsifying properties, Glucamate DOE-120 can also act as a thickening agent, contributing to the overall consistency of the product.
Glucamate DOE-120 is derived from naturally occurring raw materials, which may appeal to consumers looking for more natural or sustainable cosmetic products.

Color: Pale Yellow
Flash Point: 368ºC
Phase: Waxy solid
Boiling Point F(C): 212.0° (100.0°)
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal ambient temperature and conditions

Glucamate DOE-120 is a product of Lubrizol Corporation, a specialty chemical company.
It is a multifunctional ingredient used primarily in the personal care and cosmetic industry.
More specifically, Glucamate DOE-120 is a nonionic surfactant and emulsifier derived from naturally occurring raw materials, specifically dicarboxylic acids and alcohols.

In cosmetic formulations, Glucamate DOE-120 serves as an emulsifier, helping to stabilize oil-in-water emulsions and improving the texture and feel of the final product.
It is commonly used in creams, lotions, sunscreens, and other personal care products where the mixing of water and oil-based ingredients is necessary.

Glucamate DOE-120 with zero eye irritation test scores, the thickener is non-irritating to the eyes, making it ideal for baby shampoos.
Glucamate DOE-120 adding this thickener to formulas can significantly reduce eye irritation normally associated with harsh ingredients.

Glucamate DOE-120 is generally considered safe and widely used in the cosmetic industry, it is crucial to follow the manufacturer's guidelines and conduct proper testing when formulating cosmetic products.
Additionally, regulations and safety assessments may vary from country to country, so compliance with local regulations is essential.
Glucamate DOE-120 is recommended for clean beauty applications.

Glucamate DOE-120 thickener is a naturally-derived, methyl glucose ether which has been esterified with oleic acid.
It is a flaked solid, highly efficient viscosity builder designed for use with numerous anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactant systems popular in many shampoos, body washes, and liquid soaps.
Glucamate DOE-120 thickener is non-irritating to the eyes, making it ideal for baby shampoos.

Uses
Glucamate DOE-120 is used to create stable oil-in-water emulsions in various cosmetic products such as creams, lotions, and moisturizers.
It allows the incorporation of both water-soluble and oil-soluble ingredients, providing a well-blended and consistent product.

Glucamate DOE-120 is often utilized in sunscreen formulations to help disperse UV filters evenly throughout the product, enhancing their effectiveness and ensuring uniform coverage on the skin.

Glucamate DOE-120 can be found in hair conditioners and styling products.
It aids in emulsifying and delivering beneficial oils and conditioning agents to the hair strands, promoting manageability and softness.
In liquid cleansers and body washes, Glucamate DOE-120 functions as an emulsifier, ensuring the proper mixing of water and oil components while providing a pleasant, smooth texture.

Glucamate DOE-120 is used in various makeup products like foundations, BB creams, and tinted moisturizers to create stable formulations and improve the spreadability and blending of pigments.
Glucamate DOE-120 is utilized in sunless tanning products to help disperse and stabilize the active tanning ingredient, resulting in a more even and natural-looking tan.

Glucamate DOE-120s thickening properties make it suitable for increasing the viscosity of creams and lotions, giving them a rich, luxurious feel.
Due to its mildness and compatibility with other ingredients, Glucamate DOE-120 can be found in baby lotions, creams, and gentle skincare products.
Glucamate DOE-120 can be found in shampoos, where it acts as an emulsifier to combine water and oil-based ingredients, improving the stability of the formulation and enhancing the conditioning properties.

In hair styling products like gels and mousses, Glucamate DOE-120 contributes to the product's texture, spreadability, and ease of application, making it easier to achieve desired hairstyles.
It is commonly used in body lotions and moisturizers to create smooth and non-greasy formulations that are easily absorbed by the skin.
Glucamate DOE-120 can be found in various anti-aging creams and serums due to its ability to stabilize active ingredients like retinoids and antioxidants.

In facial cleansers, Glucamate DOE-120 helps to emulsify oil and dirt, making it easier to wash away impurities and leave the skin feeling clean and refreshed.
Apart from sunscreens, Glucamate DOE-120 can also be used in after-sun products to enhance the absorption of moisturizing and soothing ingredients.
It can be employed in massage oils to improve the dispersion of oils and other beneficial ingredients, providing a smooth and enjoyable massage experience.

In roll-on and stick deodorants, Glucamate DOE-120 assists in forming a stable and smooth emulsion of active odor-controlling ingredients.
Due to its excellent compatibility with various actives, it is used in facial serums to deliver targeted skin treatments effectively.
Glucamate DOE-120 may be used in bath oils, shower gels, and body washes to create emulsified formulas that leave the skin feeling moisturized.

Skin Irritation
In its concentrated form, Glucamate DOE-120 may cause skin irritation or sensitization in some individuals.
Proper handling and protective equipment, such as gloves, should be used when working with the undiluted product.

Eye Irritation
Contact with the eyes should be avoided, as Glucamate DOE-120 may cause eye irritation.
In case of accidental eye contact, rinse the eyes thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Inhalation
While Glucamate DOE-120 is not known to be volatile, inhalation of dust or aerosols during handling could cause irritation to the respiratory tract.
Glucamate DOE-120 is advisable to work in a well-ventilated area and use appropriate respiratory protection if necessary.

Ingestion
Glucamate DOE-120 is not intended for ingestion. Swallowing the product may lead to gastrointestinal irritation.
As with any chemical, Glucamate DOE-120 is essential to follow proper waste disposal procedures and local regulations to minimize any potential environmental impact.

Synonyms
PEG-120 methyl glucose dioleate
AEC PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE
ANTIL 120 PLUS
GLUCAMATE DOE-120 THICKENER
MACROGOL 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE
PEG 120 methyl glucose dioleate
PEG-120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE (II)
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (120) METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE
YM0K64F20V

Nom INCI : GLUCOMANNAN Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS) Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état Agent de protection de la peau : Aide à éviter les effets néfastes des facteurs externes sur la peau

Gluco Deo120 is a natural glucose derivative from corn, acting as high-efficient thickener in shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser and baby cleanser.
Gluco Deo120 imparts a soft and gentle after feel.
Gluco Deo120 is especially applicable in shampoo, body wash and facial cleanser.

CAS: 86893-19-8
MF: (C2H4O)mult(C2H4O)multC43H78O

Synonyms
PEG 120 METHYL GLUCOSE DIOLEATE;2-ethanediyl),.alpha.-hydro-.omega.-hydroxy-,etherwithmethylD-glucopyranoside2,6-di-9-octadecePoly(oxy-1;2-ethanediyl),alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-poly(oxy-etherwithmethyld-glu;6-di-9-octadecenoate(2:1),(z,z)-copyranoside;alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-,etherwithmethyld-glucopyranoside2,6-di-9-octadecenoapoly(oxy-2-ethanediyl);Antil 120 Plus;Glucamate DOE-120 Thickener;glucamatedioleate;Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, ether with methyl D-glucopyranoside 2,6-di-9-octadecenoate (2:1), (Z,Z)-;Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), alpha-hydro-omega-hydroxy-, ether with methyl D-glucopyranoside 2,6-di-(9Z)-9-octadecenoate (2:1);Diethoxylated methyl glucopyranoside 2,6-dioleate;

Gluco Deo120 is the polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of natural Methylglucose and Oleic Acid.
Gluco Deo120 is used in cosmetics as a surfactant, thickener, and emulsifier.
Gluco Deo120 can reduce the irritation value of the entire formulation.
Gluco Deo120's high molecular weight makes it impenetrable to healthy skin.
Gluco Deo120 is available as a flaky solid or a liquid.
Gluco Deo120 is a non-ionic thickener, a naturally derived glucoside product.
Gluco Deo120 has good compatibility, does not reduce the foam of surfactant system, has good compounding and thickening effect with AOS, AES sodium salt, sulfosuccinate salt and amphoteric surfactant, no jelly feeling, excellent Synergy.

Gluco Deo120 has zero eye irritation test results, proving that it is completely non-irritating to the eyes, making it an ideal ingredient for baby shampoos.
In addition, the addition of Gluco Deo120 thickener to the formulation significantly reduces eye irritation caused by strong harsh surfactants.

Gluco Deo120 has multiple functions of increasing viscosity and reducing CI, and is often used in cleaning products.
Formulators can use Gluco Deo120 to formulate products that are easy to pour and provide foam aesthetics without the concern of altering foam characteristics.
Polyethylene glycol ether of the diester of methyl glucose and oleic acid with an average of 120 moles of ethylene oxide.
Surfactant/thickener/solubilizer/emulsifier mainly used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Very efficient, has a very good thickening effect on a variety of anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactants.
Gluco Deo120 has no irritation to eyes and is very suitable for cleansing products and baby shampoos.
At the same time, Gluco Deo120 can significantly reduce the irritation of eyes by other surfactants.
Does not affect the foam characteristics of the surfactant.

BENEFITS:
Gentle and efficient natural origin.
Gluco Deo120 has broad compatibility with anionic surfactants and amphoteric surfactant systems.
Offers very soft sensory.
Gluco Deo120 does not irritate the eyes which makes it ideal in baby shampoos.
Creates gentle formulas reduces irritation to certain surfactants applied around the eyes.
Creates formulations that are easy to pour and maintains foam characteristics.
Gluco Deo120 can easily dissolve in the aqueous part of the surfactant-based formulation.

Features and Applications
Gluco Deo120 is a natural glucose derivative from corn, acting as high-efficient thickener in shampoo, body wash, facial cleanser and baby cleanser.
Gluco Deo120 is especially applicable to some surfactants hardly to thicken.
Gluco Deo120 causes no irritation to eyes, meanwhile significantly reduces irritation of whole formula.
Gluco Deo120 has superior ability to thicken many anionic and amphoteric surfactants.

CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, N° CAS : 18472-51-0 - Digluconate de chlorhexidine, Origine(s) : Synthétique, Nom INCI : CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE, Acide D-gluconique, composé avec N,N''-bis(4-chlorophényl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tétraazatétradécanediamidine (2:1); Chlorhexidine digluconate; Digluconate de chlorhexidine; Gluconate de chlorhexidine. Noms anglais : Chlorhexidine gluconate;Chlorhexidin digluconat; D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1). Nom chimique : D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1), N° EINECS/ELINCS : 242-354-0, Classification : Règlementé, Conservateur. La chlorhexidine étant peu soluble dans l'eau est souvent utilisée sous sa forme de sels (ici Digluconate) dans les médicaments ou cosmétiques. Le digluconate de chlorhexidine est un antiseptique cutané, utilisé dans la Biseptine. En cosmétique, elle fait partie de la liste des conservateurs autorisés (Annexe V). Dans les déodorants, elle peut jouer un rôle d'actif pour limiter proliférations des bactéries responsables des odeurs corporelles. Dans les dentifrices, de la même manière, elle peut aider à limiter la formation de plaque dentaire.Ses fonctions (INCI) Antimicrobien : Aide à ralentir la croissance de micro-organismes sur la peau et s'oppose au développement des microbes Agent d'hygiène buccale : Fournit des effets cosmétiques à la cavité buccale (nettoyage, désodorisation et protection) Conservateur : Inhibe le développement des micro-organismes dans les produits cosmétiques. Chlorhexidine digluconate 1,6-bis(4-Chlorophenyldiguanino)hexane digluconate (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid - N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] (2:1) (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexansäure--N,N''''-hexan-1,6-diylbis[N'-(4-chlorphenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamid)](2:1) [German] 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide) 1,6-Bis(N5-[p-chlorophenyl]-N1-biguanido)hexane 18472-51-0 [RN] 242-354-0 [EINECS] 4-CHLORHEXIDINE DIGLUCONATE acide (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoïque - diamide N,N''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N'-(4-chlorophényl)(imidodicarbonimidique)] (2:1) [French] Betasept Chlorhexamed chlorhexidine bigluconate chlorhexidine D-digluconate chlorhexidine di-D-gluconate Chlorhexidine digluconate solution Chlorhexidine gluconate [JAN] [USAN] Corsodyl D-Gluconic Acid compd. with N,N''-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1) Diamide N,N''''-1,6-hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophényl)(imidodicarbonimidique)] - acide D-gluconique (1:2) [French] Hexidine Hibident Hibidil Hibiscrub Hibisol hibitane Imidodicarbonimidic diamide, N,N''''-1,6-hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)-, compd. with D-gluconic acid (1:2) [ACD/Index Name] Manusan Maskin Maskin R MFCD00083599 [MDL number] MOR84MUD8E N,N''''-1,6-Hexandiylbis[N'-(4-chlorphenyl)(imidodikohlenstoffimiddiamid)] --D-gluconsäure (1:2) [German] N,N''''-1,6-Hexanediylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] - D-gluconic acid (1:2) N,N''-Bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide di-D-gluconate N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] - D-gluconic acid (1:2) N,N''''-Hexane-1,6-diylbis[N'-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)] - D-gluconic acid (1:2) Peridex pHiso-Med Plurexid Rotersept Septeal STERILON UNII-MOR84MUD8E Unisept (1E)-2-[6-[[amino-[(Z)-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexyl]-1-[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]guanidine;(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid [18472-51-0] 1,1′-Hexamethylenebis(5-[p-chlorophenyl]biguanide) 1,1'-Hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide), digluconate 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) di-D-gluconate 1,1'-Hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide)digluconate 1,6-Bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguandino)hexane digluconate 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, di-D-gluconate 2,4,11,13-Tetraazatetradecanediimidamide, N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-, digluconate 2-[amino-[6-[[amino-[[amino-(4-chloroanilino)methylidene]amino]methylidene]amino]hexylimino]methyl]-1-(4-chlorophenyl)guanidine; 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid 20% chlorhexidine gluconate solution Abacil Arlacide G Bacticlens Biguanide, 1,1'-hexamethylenebis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)-, digluconate CHLORAPREP Chlorhexidin glukonatu [Czech] Chlorhexidine (digluconate) Chlorhexidine Di Gluconate Chlorhexidine digluconate, 20% in water chlorhexidine digluconate, 20% w/v aq. soln., non-sterile chlorhexidine gluconate solution chlorhexidinedigluconate D-Gluconic acid, compd with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1) D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N'-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradeca- nediimidamide (2:1) D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecane diimidamide (2:1) D-Gluconic acid, compd. with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediimidamide (2:1) D-Gluconic acid, compound with N,N''-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-3,12-diimino-2,4,11,13-tetraazatetradecanediamidine (2:1) Disteryl DYNA-HEX EXIDINE Gluconic acid, compd. with 1,1'-hexamethylene bis(5-(p-chlorophenyl)biguanide) (2:1), D- (8CI) Hibiclens HIBISTAT Hibitane 5 N',N'''''-hexane-1,6-diylbis[N-(4-chlorophenyl)(imidodicarbonimidic diamide)]--D-gluconic acid (1/2) Orahexal Peridex (antiseptic) Peridex;Periogard PERIOGARD [Wiki] Plac out PwrioChip

COPPER GLUCONATE; N° CAS : 527-09-3 - Gluconate de cuivre; Nom chimique : Copper di-D-gluconate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 208-408-2, Ses fonctions (INCI); Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état; Agent de protection de la peau : Aide à éviter les effets néfastes des facteurs externes sur la peau. copper D-gluconate; Copper di-D-gluconate; Copper gluconate [USP] ; Copper(2+) bis[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate] (non-preferred name); Copper(2+) di(D-gluconate) ; Copper(II) D-gluconate;Copper(II) Gluconate Cupric gluconate D-Gluconic acid copper(II) salt D-Gluconic acid, copper(2+) salt (2:1) [ACD/Index Name] Di(D-gluconate) de cuivre(2+) [French] Gluconic acid, copper(2+) salt Gluconic acid, copper(2+) salt (2:1), D- Kupfer(2+)di(D-gluconat) [German] Bis(D-gluconato)copper Bis(D-gluconato-O1,O2)copper copper (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Copper D-gluconate (1:2) Copper gluconic acid Copper(2+) D-gluconate, (1:2) copper(II) (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Copper(II)gluconate Copper, bis(D-gluconato)- Copper, bis(D-gluconato-O1,O2)- Copper, bis(D-gluconato-κO1,κO2)- Copper,bis(D-gluconato-kO1,kO2)- coppergluconate cupric (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate D-Gluconic acid, copper(II)salt EINECS 208-408-2 Gluconic acid, copper(2+) salt (2:1) D-

FERROUS GLUCONATE N° CAS : 299-29-6 - Gluconate de fer Nom INCI : FERROUS GLUCONATE Nom chimique : D-Gluconic acid, Iron (2+) Salt (2:1) N° EINECS/ELINCS : 206-076-3 Additif alimentaire : E579 Ses fonctions (INCI) Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

POTASSIUM GLUCONATE, N° CAS : 299-27-4 - Gluconate de potassium. Nom INCI : POTASSIUM GLUCONATE. Nom chimique : Monopotassium salt of D-gluconic acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 206-074-2. Additif alimentaire : E577. Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétique. Agent de protection de la peau : Aide à éviter les effets néfastes des facteurs externes sur la peau

ZINC GLUCONATE N° CAS : 4468-02-4 - Gluconate de Zinc "Satisfaisant" dans toutes les catégories. Origine(s) : Synthétique, Minérale Autres langues : Gluconato de zinc, Zinco gluconato, Zinkgluconat Nom INCI : ZINC GLUCONATE Nom chimique : bis(D-Gluconato-O1,O2)zinc N° EINECS/ELINCS : 224-736-9. Le Gluconate de Zinc est utilisé en cosmétique pour ses propriété antiseptiques et astringentes. Il est souvent utilisé dans les produits de traitement de l'acnée, il accélère la cicatrisation des plaies et aide l'organisme à transformer les acides gras essentiels utilisés par la peau pour la guérison. On le retrouve aussi dans les déodorants ou les dentifrices. Classification : Règlementé Compatible Bio (Référentiel COSMOS). Ses fonctions (INCI) Déodorant : Réduit ou masque les odeurs corporelles désagréables Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

SYNONYMS D-Gluconic acid; Dextronic acid; Glosanto; 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid; Gluconic acid; Glycogenic acid; Maltonic acid; Pentahydroxycaproic acid;CAS NO. 526-95-4

DESCRIPTION:
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.
Gluconic acid is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.

CAS Number: 526-95-4
EC Number: 208-401-4
IUPAC Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Molecular Formula: C6H12O7

In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion.
The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates".
Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose.
Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.


Gluconic acid is a mild organic acid, neither caustic nor corrosive and with an excellent sequestering power.
Non-toxic and readily biodegradable (98 % after 2 days), it occurs naturally in plants, fruits and other foodstuffs such as wine (up to 0.25 %) and honey (up to 1 %).
Gluconic acid is prepared by fermentation of glucose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced.

In all recipes where gluconic acid is used together with sodium hydroxide, we recommend the direct use of sodium gluconate, the dry sodium salt of gluconic acid or the special product NAGLUSOL®.
Gluconic acid has versatile properties through being a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid, with both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups which can react.


Concentrated solutions of gluconic acid contain some lactone (GdL), the neutral cyclic ester, which is less soluble in the cold and possesses no actual acid properties.
About 5 % of GdL are present in the 50 % gluconic acid solution at room temperature.

The outstanding property of gluconic acid is its excellent chelating power, especially in alkaline and concentrated alkaline solutions.
In this respect, it surpasses all other chelating agents, such as EDTA, NTA and related compounds.
Calcium, iron, copper, aluminium and other heavy metals are firmly chelated in alkaline solution and masked in such a way that their interferences are eliminated.

Gluconic acid is stable at the boiling point even of concentrated alkaline solutions.
However, it is easily and totally degraded in waste water treatment plants (98 % after 2 days).


Gluconic acid is a gluconic acid having D-configuration.
Gluconic acid has a role as a chelator and a Penicillium metabolite.
Gluconic acid is a conjugate acid of a D-gluconate.

Gluconic acid is an enantiomer of a L-gluconic acid.
Commonly found in salts with sodium and calcium.

Gluconic acid or gluconate is used to maintain the cation-anion balance on electrolyte solutions.
Gluconic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Gluconic Acid is an inorganic compound happens to be the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta-hydroxyhexanoic acid.
Gluconic Acid is easily found in honey, plant, and wine.
Gluconic acid is produced by the oxidation of the first carbon of glucose with antiseptic and chelating properties.

Gluconic Acid 50% is composed of an equilibrium between the free acid and the two lactones.
This equilibrium is affected by the mixture's concentration and temperature.
A high concentration of the delta-lactone will favor the equilibrium to shift to the formation of gamma-lactone and vice versa.

A low temperature favors formation of glucono-delta-lactone while high temperatures will increase formation of glucono-gamma-lactone.
Under normal conditions, PMP Gluconic Acid 50% exhibits a stable equilibrium contributing to its clear to light yellow color with low level corrosiveness and toxicity.


Gluconic Acid is a mild tasting organic acid, neither caustic nor corrosive and with an excellent complexing ability.
Gluconic Acid occurs naturally in plants and foodstuffs, is non-toxic and is fully utilised in the body, like a carbohydrate.
Gluconic Acid is commercially produced by an aerobic oxidative fermentation of glucose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced.



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF GLUCONIC ACID:
The chemical structure of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain, with five hydroxyl groups positioned in the same way as in the open-chained form of glucose, terminating in a carboxylic acid group.
In aqueous solution, gluconic acid exists in equilibrium with the cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.

Gluconic Acid Structural Formula:
The gluconic acid structure features 6 carbon chain along with 5 hydroxyl groups placed in the general open-chain format of glucose, ending with the carboxylic acid group.
Gluconic acid exists in balance state in the aqueous state in the presence of cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.



PRODUCTION OF GLUCONIC ACID:
Gluconic acid preparation was first reported by Hlasiwetz and Habermann in 1870 and involved the chemical oxidation of glucose.
In 1880, Boutroux prepared and isolated gluconic acid using the glucose fermentation.

Contemporary methods for the gluconic acid production utilize variations of glucose (or other carbohydrate-containing substrate) oxidation using fermentation or noble metal catalysis.



OCCURRENCE AND USES OF GLUCONIC ACID:
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine.
As a food additive (E574), Gluconic acid is now known as an acidity regulator.

The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Al3+, and other metals, including lanthanides and actinides.
Gluconic acid is also used in cleaning products, where it dissolves mineral deposits, especially in alkaline solution.

Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs.
Gluconate is also used in building and construction as a concrete admixture (retarder) to slow down the cement hydration reactions, and to delay the cement setting time.
Gluconic acid allows for a longer time to lay the concrete, or to spread the cement hydration heat over a longer period of time to avoid too high a temperature and the resulting cracking.

Retarders are mixed in to concrete when the weather temperature is high or to cast large and thick concrete slabs in successive and sufficiently well-mixed layers.
Gluconic acid aqueous solution finds application as a medium for organic synthesis.


Medicine:
In medicine, gluconate is used most commonly as a biologically neutral carrier of Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and K+ to treat electrolyte imbalance.
Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues, as well as to treat hypocalcemia in hospitalized patients.

Gluconate is also an electrolyte present in certain solutions, such as "plasmalyte a", used for intravenous fluid resuscitation.
Quinine gluconate is a salt of gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria.
Ferrous gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia


Gluconic acid is used for industrial cleaning, textile bleach stabilizing, aluminium processing, and as a chelating agent in cement set retarding.
Gluconic acid is also used for metal surface treatment, cleaning products, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and as a food additive.
Calcium gluconate is used in the treatment of patients with hypocalcemia, and its gel is used in the treatment of burns from hydrofluoric acid.

Quinine gluconate which is a salt of gluconic acid and quinine is used in the treatment of malaria.
Ferrous gluconate, or iron (II) gluconate, injections have been proposed in the past to treat anaemia, which occurs due to iron deficiency.
The gluconic acid aqueous solution is used as a medium for organic synthesis.


SPECIFICATIONS OF GLUCONIC ACID:
Gluconic acid technical grade is supplied as a 50 % aqueous solution in water.

Gluconic acid food grade is supplied in accordance with the latest requirements Commission Regulation (EU) No. 231/2012.
Gluconic acid food grade is offered as a 50 % aqueous solution.

Gluconic acid is available in liquid form as a 50 % aqueous solution.

Gluconic acid is supplied in bulk, in intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) with 1250 kg net weight (1000 kg net for the 50 % solution), and in drums with 250 kg net weight.
Other packaging types are available on request.


PROPERTIES OF GLUCONIC ACID:
Gluconic acid is Non-toxic
Gluconic acid is Easily biodegradable (98 % after 2 days)
Mild taste

Gluconic acid is Least corrosive organic acid
Gluconic acid is Main functions
Gluconic acid is Excellent chelating agent


APPLICATIONS OF GLUCONIC ACID :
Gluconic acid has versatile properties through being a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid, with both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups which can react.

Concentrated solutions of gluconic acid contain some lactone (GDL), the neutral cyclic ester, which is less soluble in the cold and possesses no actual acid properties.
About 5 % of GdL are present in the 50 % gluconic acid solution at room temperature.

The outstanding property of gluconic acid is its excellent chelating power, especially in alkaline and concentrated alkaline solutions.
In this respect, it surpasses all other chelating agents, such as EDTA, NTA and related compounds.
Calcium, iron, copper, aluminum and other heavy metals are firmly chelated in alkaline solution and masked in such a way that their interferences are eliminated.

Gluconic acid is stable at the boiling point even of concentrated alkaline solutions.
However, it is easily and totally degraded in waste water treatment plants (98% after 2 days)


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCONATE:
Chemical formula C6H12O7
Molar mass 196.155 g•mol−1
Appearance Colorless crystals
Melting point 131 °C (268 °F; 404 K)
Solubility in water 316 g/L
Acidity (pKa) 3.86
Molecular Weight
196.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
-3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
7
Rotatable Bond Count
5
Exact Mass
196.05830272 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
196.05830272 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
138Ų
Heavy Atom Count
13
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
170
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Boiling point 105 - 106 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.24 g/cm3 (20 °C)
pH value 2.2 (500 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Assay (acidimetric) 48.0 - 52.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.229 - 1.245



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLUCONIC ACID:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



SYNONYMS OF GLUCONIC ACID:
boron gluconate
D-gluconate
D-gluconic acid
dextronic acid
gluconate
gluconic acid
gluconic acid, (113)indium-labeled
gluconic acid, (14)C-labeled
gluconic acid, (159)dysprosium-labeled salt
gluconic acid, (99)technecium (5+) salt
gluconic acid, 1-(14)C-labeled
gluconic acid, 6-(14)C-labeled
gluconic acid, aluminum (3:1) salt
gluconic acid, ammonium salt
gluconic acid, calcium salt
gluconic acid, cesium(+3) salt
gluconic acid, cobalt (2:1) salt
gluconic acid, copper salt
gluconic acid, Fe(+2) salt, dihydrate
gluconic acid, lanthanum(+3) salt
gluconic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt
gluconic acid, manganese (2:1) salt
gluconic acid, monolithium salt
gluconic acid, monopotassium salt
gluconic acid, monosodium salt
gluconic acid, potassium salt
gluconic acid, sodium salt
gluconic acid, strontium (2:1) salt
gluconic acid, tin(+2) salt
gluconic acid, zinc salt
lithium gluconate
magnerot
magnesium gluconate
maltonic acid
manganese gluconate
pentahydroxycaproic acid
sodium gluconate
zinc gluconate
gluconic acid
D-gluconic acid
526-95-4
dextronic acid
maltonic acid
Glycogenic acid
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Glosanto
Pentahydroxycaproic acid
gluconate
Gluconic acid, D-
D-Gluco-hexonic acid
Glyconic acid
Gluconic acid (VAN)
133-42-6
HSDB 487
D-Gluconsaeure
D-Glukonsaeure
BRN 1726055
EINECS 208-401-4
UNII-R4R8J0Q44B
NSC 77381
R4R8J0Q44B
DTXSID8027169
CHEBI:33198
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
GLUCONAL GA-50
Hexonic acid
DTXCID307169
INS NO.574
DTXSID8042000
INS-574
EC 208-401-4
4-03-00-01255 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Dextronate
Glycogenate
Glyconate
Maltonate
NSC-77381
157663-13-3
C6H12O7
E-574
124423-64-9
GCO
GLUCONIC ACID (MART.)
GLUCONIC ACID [MART.]
AMMONIUM GLUCONATE
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
19222-41-4
NSC77381
sodium-gluconate
C6-H12-O7
ketogluconic acid
D- Gluconic acid
D-?Gluconic acid
Pentahydroxycaproate
SCHEMBL971
bmse000084
GLUCONIC ACID [MI]
Pesticide Code: 000104
GLUCONIC ACID [HSDB]
GLUCONIC ACID [INCI]
GLUCONIC ACID [VANDF]
CHEMBL464345
D-Gluconic acid 50% in water
GLUCONIC ACID [WHO-DD]
CHEBI:24266
RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N
DTXCID201012074
GluconicAcid(containsGluconolactone)
HY-Y0569
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexanoate
Calcium Gluconate (D-gluconic acid)
Tox21_202745
MFCD00004240
s3595
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid
AKOS015895892
DB13180
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexanoic acid
Gluconic Acid (contains Gluconolactone)
NCGC00260293-01
CAS-526-95-4
E574
LS-71436
CS-0015343
G0036
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid solution
C00257
D70789
EN300-7392806
Q407569
W-109086
6E52B5FC-5676-4139-977A-4D643EDDB159

DESCRIPTION:
Gluconic acid is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.
Gluconic acid is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.

CAS Number: 526-95-4
EC Number: 208-401-4
IUPAC Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Molecular Formula: C6H12O7

In aqueous solution at neutral pH, gluconic acid forms the gluconate ion.
The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates".
Gluconic acid, gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose.
Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.


Gluconic acid is a mild organic acid, neither caustic nor corrosive and with an excellent sequestering power.
Non-toxic and readily biodegradable (98 % after 2 days), it occurs naturally in plants, fruits and other foodstuffs such as wine (up to 0.25 %) and honey (up to 1 %).
Gluconic acid is prepared by fermentation of glucose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced.

In all recipes where gluconic acid is used together with sodium hydroxide, we recommend the direct use of sodium gluconate, the dry sodium salt of gluconic acid or the special product NAGLUSOL®.
Gluconic acid has versatile properties through being a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid, with both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups which can react.


Concentrated solutions of gluconic acid contain some lactone (GdL), the neutral cyclic ester, which is less soluble in the cold and possesses no actual acid properties.
About 5 % of GdL are present in the 50 % gluconic acid solution at room temperature.

The outstanding property of gluconic acid is its excellent chelating power, especially in alkaline and concentrated alkaline solutions.
In this respect, it surpasses all other chelating agents, such as EDTA, NTA and related compounds.
Calcium, iron, copper, aluminium and other heavy metals are firmly chelated in alkaline solution and masked in such a way that their interferences are eliminated.

Gluconic acid is stable at the boiling point even of concentrated alkaline solutions.
However, it is easily and totally degraded in waste water treatment plants (98 % after 2 days).


Gluconic acid is a gluconic acid having D-configuration.
Gluconic acid has a role as a chelator and a Penicillium metabolite.
Gluconic acid is a conjugate acid of a D-gluconate.

Gluconic acid is an enantiomer of a L-gluconic acid.
Commonly found in salts with sodium and calcium.

Gluconic acid or gluconate is used to maintain the cation-anion balance on electrolyte solutions.
Gluconic acid is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).

Gluconic Acid is an inorganic compound happens to be the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta-hydroxyhexanoic acid.
Gluconic Acid is easily found in honey, plant, and wine.
Gluconic acid is produced by the oxidation of the first carbon of glucose with antiseptic and chelating properties.

Gluconic Acid 50% is composed of an equilibrium between the free acid and the two lactones.
This equilibrium is affected by the mixture's concentration and temperature.
A high concentration of the delta-lactone will favor the equilibrium to shift to the formation of gamma-lactone and vice versa.

A low temperature favors formation of glucono-delta-lactone while high temperatures will increase formation of glucono-gamma-lactone.
Under normal conditions, PMP Gluconic Acid 50% exhibits a stable equilibrium contributing to its clear to light yellow color with low level corrosiveness and toxicity.


Gluconic Acid is a mild tasting organic acid, neither caustic nor corrosive and with an excellent complexing ability.
Gluconic Acid occurs naturally in plants and foodstuffs, is non-toxic and is fully utilised in the body, like a carbohydrate.
Gluconic Acid is commercially produced by an aerobic oxidative fermentation of glucose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced.



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF GLUCONIC ACID:
The chemical structure of gluconic acid consists of a six-carbon chain, with five hydroxyl groups positioned in the same way as in the open-chained form of glucose, terminating in a carboxylic acid group.
In aqueous solution, gluconic acid exists in equilibrium with the cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.

Gluconic Acid Structural Formula:
The gluconic acid structure features 6 carbon chain along with 5 hydroxyl groups placed in the general open-chain format of glucose, ending with the carboxylic acid group.
Gluconic acid exists in balance state in the aqueous state in the presence of cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.



PRODUCTION OF GLUCONIC ACID:
Gluconic acid preparation was first reported by Hlasiwetz and Habermann in 1870 and involved the chemical oxidation of glucose.
In 1880, Boutroux prepared and isolated gluconic acid using the glucose fermentation.

Contemporary methods for the gluconic acid production utilize variations of glucose (or other carbohydrate-containing substrate) oxidation using fermentation or noble metal catalysis.



OCCURRENCE AND USES OF GLUCONIC ACID:
Gluconic acid occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine.
As a food additive (E574), Gluconic acid is now known as an acidity regulator.

The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Al3+, and other metals, including lanthanides and actinides.
Gluconic acid is also used in cleaning products, where it dissolves mineral deposits, especially in alkaline solution.

Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs.
Gluconate is also used in building and construction as a concrete admixture (retarder) to slow down the cement hydration reactions, and to delay the cement setting time.
Gluconic acid allows for a longer time to lay the concrete, or to spread the cement hydration heat over a longer period of time to avoid too high a temperature and the resulting cracking.

Retarders are mixed in to concrete when the weather temperature is high or to cast large and thick concrete slabs in successive and sufficiently well-mixed layers.
Gluconic acid aqueous solution finds application as a medium for organic synthesis.


Medicine:
In medicine, gluconate is used most commonly as a biologically neutral carrier of Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and K+ to treat electrolyte imbalance.
Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues, as well as to treat hypocalcemia in hospitalized patients.

Gluconate is also an electrolyte present in certain solutions, such as "plasmalyte a", used for intravenous fluid resuscitation.
Quinine gluconate is a salt of gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria.
Ferrous gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia


Gluconic acid is used for industrial cleaning, textile bleach stabilizing, aluminium processing, and as a chelating agent in cement set retarding.
Gluconic acid is also used for metal surface treatment, cleaning products, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and as a food additive.
Calcium gluconate is used in the treatment of patients with hypocalcemia, and its gel is used in the treatment of burns from hydrofluoric acid.

Quinine gluconate which is a salt of gluconic acid and quinine is used in the treatment of malaria.
Ferrous gluconate, or iron (II) gluconate, injections have been proposed in the past to treat anaemia, which occurs due to iron deficiency.
The gluconic acid aqueous solution is used as a medium for organic synthesis.


SPECIFICATIONS OF GLUCONIC ACID:
Gluconic acid technical grade is supplied as a 50 % aqueous solution in water.

Gluconic acid food grade is supplied in accordance with the latest requirements Commission Regulation (EU) No. 231/2012.
Gluconic acid food grade is offered as a 50 % aqueous solution.

Gluconic acid is available in liquid form as a 50 % aqueous solution.

Gluconic acid is supplied in bulk, in intermediate bulk containers (IBCs) with 1250 kg net weight (1000 kg net for the 50 % solution), and in drums with 250 kg net weight.
Other packaging types are available on request.


PROPERTIES OF GLUCONIC ACID:
Gluconic acid is Non-toxic
Gluconic acid is Easily biodegradable (98 % after 2 days)
Mild taste

Gluconic acid is Least corrosive organic acid
Gluconic acid is Main functions
Gluconic acid is Excellent chelating agent


APPLICATIONS OF GLUCONIC ACID :
Gluconic acid has versatile properties through being a polyhydroxycarboxylic acid, with both hydroxyl and carboxyl groups which can react.

Concentrated solutions of gluconic acid contain some lactone (GDL), the neutral cyclic ester, which is less soluble in the cold and possesses no actual acid properties.
About 5 % of GdL are present in the 50 % gluconic acid solution at room temperature.

The outstanding property of gluconic acid is its excellent chelating power, especially in alkaline and concentrated alkaline solutions.
In this respect, it surpasses all other chelating agents, such as EDTA, NTA and related compounds.
Calcium, iron, copper, aluminum and other heavy metals are firmly chelated in alkaline solution and masked in such a way that their interferences are eliminated.

Gluconic acid is stable at the boiling point even of concentrated alkaline solutions.
However, it is easily and totally degraded in waste water treatment plants (98% after 2 days)


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCONATE:
Chemical formula C6H12O7
Molar mass 196.155 g•mol−1
Appearance Colorless crystals
Melting point 131 °C (268 °F; 404 K)
Solubility in water 316 g/L
Acidity (pKa) 3.86
Molecular Weight
196.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA
-3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
7
Rotatable Bond Count
5
Exact Mass
196.05830272 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
196.05830272 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
138Ų
Heavy Atom Count
13
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
170
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Boiling point 105 - 106 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 1.24 g/cm3 (20 °C)
pH value 2.2 (500 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Assay (acidimetric) 48.0 - 52.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.229 - 1.245



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT GLUCONIC ACID:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product



SYNONYMS OF GLUCONIC ACID:
boron gluconate
D-gluconate
D-gluconic acid
dextronic acid
gluconate
gluconic acid
gluconic acid, (113)indium-labeled
gluconic acid, (14)C-labeled
gluconic acid, (159)dysprosium-labeled salt
gluconic acid, (99)technecium (5+) salt
gluconic acid, 1-(14)C-labeled
gluconic acid, 6-(14)C-labeled
gluconic acid, aluminum (3:1) salt
gluconic acid, ammonium salt
gluconic acid, calcium salt
gluconic acid, cesium(+3) salt
gluconic acid, cobalt (2:1) salt
gluconic acid, copper salt
gluconic acid, Fe(+2) salt, dihydrate
gluconic acid, lanthanum(+3) salt
gluconic acid, magnesium (2:1) salt
gluconic acid, manganese (2:1) salt
gluconic acid, monolithium salt
gluconic acid, monopotassium salt
gluconic acid, monosodium salt
gluconic acid, potassium salt
gluconic acid, sodium salt
gluconic acid, strontium (2:1) salt
gluconic acid, tin(+2) salt
gluconic acid, zinc salt
lithium gluconate
magnerot
magnesium gluconate
maltonic acid
manganese gluconate
pentahydroxycaproic acid
sodium gluconate
zinc gluconate
gluconic acid
D-gluconic acid
526-95-4
dextronic acid
maltonic acid
Glycogenic acid
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Glosanto
Pentahydroxycaproic acid
gluconate
Gluconic acid, D-
D-Gluco-hexonic acid
Glyconic acid
Gluconic acid (VAN)
133-42-6
HSDB 487
D-Gluconsaeure
D-Glukonsaeure
BRN 1726055
EINECS 208-401-4
UNII-R4R8J0Q44B
NSC 77381
R4R8J0Q44B
DTXSID8027169
CHEBI:33198
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
GLUCONAL GA-50
Hexonic acid
DTXCID307169
INS NO.574
DTXSID8042000
INS-574
EC 208-401-4
4-03-00-01255 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
Dextronate
Glycogenate
Glyconate
Maltonate
NSC-77381
157663-13-3
C6H12O7
E-574
124423-64-9
GCO
GLUCONIC ACID (MART.)
GLUCONIC ACID [MART.]
AMMONIUM GLUCONATE
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate
19222-41-4
NSC77381
sodium-gluconate
C6-H12-O7
ketogluconic acid
D- Gluconic acid
D-?Gluconic acid
Pentahydroxycaproate
SCHEMBL971
bmse000084
GLUCONIC ACID [MI]
Pesticide Code: 000104
GLUCONIC ACID [HSDB]
GLUCONIC ACID [INCI]
GLUCONIC ACID [VANDF]
CHEMBL464345
D-Gluconic acid 50% in water
GLUCONIC ACID [WHO-DD]
CHEBI:24266
RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N
DTXCID201012074
GluconicAcid(containsGluconolactone)
HY-Y0569
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexanoate
Calcium Gluconate (D-gluconic acid)
Tox21_202745
MFCD00004240
s3595
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid
AKOS015895892
DB13180
2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexanoic acid
Gluconic Acid (contains Gluconolactone)
NCGC00260293-01
CAS-526-95-4
E574
LS-71436
CS-0015343
G0036
2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid solution
C00257
D70789
EN300-7392806
Q407569
W-109086
6E52B5FC-5676-4139-977A-4D643EDDB159

Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a fruit acid approved as a food additive under the number E 574 in Europe.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is produced from glucose by oxidation at C1 of the glucose molecule.


CAS Number: 526-95-4 (D)
133-42-6 (racemate)
EC Number: 208-401-4
MDL Number: MFCD00004240
Molecular Formula: C6H12O7



SYNONYMS:
gluconic acid, D-gluconic acid, 526-95-4, dextronic acid, maltonic acid, Glycogenic acid, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Glosanto, Pentahydroxycaproic acid, gluconate, Gluconic acid (VAN), 133-42-6, HSDB 487, D-Gluconsaeure, D-Glukonsaeure, BRN 1726055, EINECS 208-401-4, UNII-R4R8J0Q44B, NSC 77381, R4R8J0Q44B, DTXSID8027169, CHEBI:33198, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, GLUCONAL GA-50, Hexonic acid, DTXCID307169, INS NO.574, DTXSID8042000, INS-574, EC 208-401-4, 4-03-00-01255 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Dextronate, Glycogenate, Glyconate, Maltonate, NSC-77381, 157663-13-3, E-574, 124423-64-9, GCO, GLUCONIC ACID (MART.), GLUCONIC ACID [MART.], AMMONIUM GLUCONATE, 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate, 19222-41-4, NSC77381, sodium-gluconate, ketogluconic acid, D-?Gluconic acid, Pentahydroxycaproate, SCHEMBL971, bmse000084, GLUCONIC ACID [MI], Pesticide Code: 000104, GLUCONIC ACID [HSDB], GLUCONIC ACID [INCI], GLUCONIC ACID [VANDF], CHEMBL464345, D-Gluconic acid 50% in water, GLUCONIC ACID [WHO-DD], CHEBI:24266, DTXCID201012074, D-Gluconic Acid (50% in Water), GluconicAcid(containsGluconolactone), HY-Y0569, 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexanoate, Tox21_202745, MFCD00004240, s3595, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid, AKOS015895892, DB13180, 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxy-hexanoic acid, GLUCONIC ACID (50% IN WATER), NCGC00260293-01, CAS-526-95-4, E574, CS-0015343, G0036, NS00008847, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxycaproic acid solution, C00257, D70789, EN300-7392806, Q407569, W-109086, 6E52B5FC-5676-4139-977A-4D643EDDB159, d-Gluconic acid, Systematic IUPAC name (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Dextronic acid, D-gluconic acid, Dextronic acid, Pentahydroxycaproic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexanoate, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexanoic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoate, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Aldonate, Aldonic acid, D-Gluco-hexonate, D-Gluco-hexonic acid, D-Gluconate, D-Gluconic acid, D-Gluconsaeure, D-Glukonsaeure, Dextronate, Dextronic acid, GCO, Glosanto, Gluconate, Gluconic acid, Glycogenate, Glycogenic acid, Glyconate, Glyconic acid, Hexonate, Hexonic acid, Maltonate, Maltonic acid, Pentahydroxycaproate, Pentahydroxycaproic acid, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, D-Gluco-hexonic acid, D-Gluconsaeure, D-Glukonsaeure, Dextronic acid, Glycogenic acid, Hexonic acid, Maltonic acid, D-Gluconate, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoate, D-Gluco-hexonate, Dextronate, Glycogenate, Hexonate, Maltonate, D-Gluconic acid, Gluconate, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexanoate, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxy-hexanoic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoate, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, GCO, Glosanto, Glyconate, Glyconic acid, Pentahydroxycaproate, Pentahydroxycaproic acid, Boron gluconate, Gluconic acid (113)indium-labeled, Gluconic acid calcium salt, Gluconic acid cesium(+3) salt, Gluconic acid lanthanum(+3) salt, Gluconic acid sodium salt, Gluconic acid strontium (2:1) salt, Magnerot, Manganese gluconate, Sodium gluconate, Zinc gluconate, Gluconic acid (159)dysprosium-labeled salt, Gluconic acid aluminum (3:1) salt, Gluconic acid ammonium salt, Gluconic acid magnesium (2:1) salt, Gluconic acid (14)C-labeled, Gluconic acid 1-(14)C-labeled, Gluconic acid 6-(14)C-labeled, Gluconic acid cobalt (2:1) salt, Gluconic acid copper salt, Gluconic acid manganese (2:1) salt, Gluconic acid potassium salt, Gluconic acid tin(+2) salt, Gluconic acid zinc salt, Lithium gluconate, Magnesium gluconate, Gluconic acid (99)technecium (5+) salt, Gluconic acid fe(+2) salt dihydrate, Gluconic acid monolithium salt, Gluconic acid monopotassium salt, Gluconic acid monosodium salt, gluconic, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Hexonic acid, Glyconic acid, D-Gluconic acid solution, GLUCONIC ACI, d-gluconicaci, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, glosanto, NSC 77381, D-Gluconic acid, Gluconic acid,D-, Gluconic acid, Maltonic acid, Dextronic acid, Glyconic acid, Glycogenic acid, Pentahydroxycaproic acid, NSC 77381, Gluconal GA-50, Sour Oligo, 723724-74-1, 887830-55-9, 880385-91-1, D-Gluconic Acid Solution, Dextronic Acid, Gluconal GA-50, Gluconic Acid, Glycogenic Acid, Glyconic Acid, Maltonic Acid, Pentahydroxycaproic Acid, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic Acid, D-Gluconic acid, (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Dextronic acid, D-Gluconic acid, Gluconic acid, D-, 2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid, Dextronic acid, Glycogenic acid, Glyconic acid, Maltonic acid, Pentahydroxycaproic acid, NSC 77381



Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is freely soluble in water with the solubility 100g/100ml at 25°C.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is slightly soluble in alcohol, insoluble in ether and most other organic solvents.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is the carboxylic acid by the oxidation with antiseptic and chelating properties.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a fruit acid approved as a food additive under the number E 574 in Europe.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is produced from glucose by oxidation at C1 of the glucose molecule.
Today, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is almost exclusively produced biotechnologically using cultures of Aspergillus niger.


The salts of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) are called gluconates.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is soluble in water and hydrolyzes into gluconic acid spontaneously and homogeneously lowers the pH.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) occurs naturally in small amounts in honey and wine.


Various teas may also contain Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid).
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) or Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid with chemical formula C6H12O7 was discovered in 1870 by Hlasiwetz and Habermann.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is the carboxylic acid formed by the oxidation of the first carbon atom of glucose in the presence of bromine water.


In a simple dehydrogenation process involving glucose oxidase, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is produced from glucose.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), present in large quantities in plants, honey, and wine, can be manufactured using a fungal fermentation process in a commercial setting.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an inorganic compound happens to be the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta-hydroxyhexanoic acid.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is easily found in honey, plant, and wine.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is produced by the oxidation of the first carbon of glucose with antiseptic and chelating properties.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an organic compound that is also termed Dextronic acid and is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.
Its IUPAC name is Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), and it has a molecular formula of C6H12O7.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a non-toxic compound that can be found in honey, wine, fruits, etc.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) appears as a colourless to light yellow, clear, syrupy liquid and has a mild acid taste.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is very soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol, and insoluble in ether and many other organic solvents.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) was first discovered by Hlasiwetz and Habermann in 1870, through the chemical oxidation of glucose.
In the presence of the cyclic ester glucono-delta-lactone, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) exists in equilibrium in an aqueous solution.
The salts of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) are called gluconates, where a gluconate ion is formed by gluconic acid in an aqueous solution at neutral pH.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), gluconate salts, and gluconate esters are abundant in nature as they can be produced by the oxidation of glucose.
In an alkaline solution, the gluconate anion chelates Ca2+, Fe2+, Al3+, and other metals, including lanthanides and actinides.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a soluble crystalline organic acid made by the oxidation of glucose (using specific molds).


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in paint strippers.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an opticallyactive hydroxycarboxylic acid,CH2(OH)(CHOH)4COOH.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is the carboxylicacid corresponding to the aldosesugar glucose, and can be madeby the action of certain moulds.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a non flammable.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives.
Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) comes as a white pale yellow solution, with acidity of 50% minimum.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in formulations, as well as in the textile, paper and fertilizer industries.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) (also known as gluconate) is an organic compound occurring widely in nature arising from the glucose oxidation.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is naturally found in fruit, honey and wine.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-penta hydroxy hexanoic acid.


In aqueous solution at neutral pH, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) forms the gluconate ion.
The salts of gluconic acid are known as "gluconates".
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose.


Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a clear yellow to brownish-yellow solution
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a naturally-occurring, organic carboxylic acid.


In alkaline solution, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a strong chelating agent towards heavy metal anions.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), also known as D-gluconic acid, D-gluconate or (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid (also named dextronic acid), is the C1-oxidized form of D-glucose where the aldehyde group has become oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acid.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as sugar acids and derivatives.
Sugar acids and derivatives are compounds containing a saccharide unit which bears a carboxylic acid group.
In aqueous solution, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) exists in equilibrium with the cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea and wine.
The salts of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) are known as "gluconates".
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans.
The metabolism of gluconate is well characterized in prokaryotes where Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is known to be degraded following phosphorylation by gluconokinase.


Glucokinase activity has also been detected in mammals, including humans.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is produced in the gluconate shunt pathway.
In the gluconate shunt, glucose is oxidized by glucose dehydrogenase (also called glucose oxidase) to furnish gluconate, the form in which Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is present at physiological pH.


Subsequently, gluconate is phosphorylated by the action of gluconate kinase to produce 6-phosphogluconate, which is the second intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway.
This gluconate shunt is mainly found in plants, algae, cyanobacteria and some bacteria, which all use the Entner-Doudoroff pathway to degrade glucose or gluconate; this generates 2-keto-3-deoxygluconate-6-phosphate, which is then cleaved to generate pyruvate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.


Glucose dehydrogenase and gluconate kinase activities are also present in mammals, fission yeast, and flies.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) has been found to be a metabolite in Aspergillus.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a white solid with a weak odor of ammonia.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) sinks and mixes with water.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a gluconic acid having D-configuration.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) has a role as a chelator and a Penicillium metabolite.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a conjugate acid of a D-gluconate.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an enantiomer of a L-gluconic acid.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is commonly found in salts with sodium and calcium.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a natural product found in Ascochyta medicaginicola, Tricholoma robustum, and other organisms with data available.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is the carboxylic acid formed by the oxidation of the first carbon of glucose with antiseptic and chelating properties.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), found abundantly in plant, honey and wine, can be prepared by fungal fermentation process commercially.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) contains cyclic ester glucono delta lactone structure, which chelates metal ions and forms very stable complexes.
In alkaline solution, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) exhibits strong chelating activities towards anions, i.e. calcium, iron, aluminium, copper, and other heavy metals.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an organic compound with molecular formula C6H12O7 and condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4CO2H.
A white solid, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) forms the gluconate anion in neutral aqueous solution.


The salts of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) are known as "gluconates".
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), gluconate salts, and gluconate esters occur widely in nature because such species arise from the oxidation of glucose.
Some drugs are injected in the form of gluconates.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is mainly used for its leavening and acidity properties in food; chelating and perfuming agents in cosmetics products.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can be used in industrial uses for chelating heavy metals.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used to maintain the cation-anion balance on electrolyte solutions.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) and its derivatives can used in formulation of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and food products as additive or buffer salts.
Primary acid in honey; Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in pharmaceutical and food products, for cleaning and pickling metals, as a sequestrant, in paint strippers, and in alkaline rust removers.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used as a chelating agent, high alkalinity bottle cleanser, and finish remover.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in the tanning and textile industries.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used important intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism in mammals.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used for industrial cleaning, metal surface treatment, textile bleach stabilizing, aluminum processing, and as a chelating agent in cement set retarding, cleaning products, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and foods.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used as a food additive, it acts as an acidity regulator.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in metal cleaning formulations for rust and stains (mineral deposits) removal on metal surfaces.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in high-performance metal degreasers.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in textile industries as stabilizers for dye baths and bleach baths.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in leather tanning and dyeing processes.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is mixed in mortar and concrete admixes as a retarder as well as a plasticizer.
Cosmetics uses of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid): Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can be used as a chelating and perfuming agent in cosmetic and personal care products.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) as well as its salts are excellently absorbed in the intestine, are almost non-toxic and are used in food technology, medicine (sodium, potassium and calcium gluconate) and industry (tanning agents).
The consumption of large amounts of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can cause diarrhoea.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) and its salts, sodium (E 576), potassium (E 577), calcium gluconate (E 578) are used in foods as artificial acidity regulators and as stabilizers.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in desserts, fruit and vegetable products, and soft drinks.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) occurs naturally in fruit, honey and wine and is used as a food additive, an acidity regulator.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is also used in cleaning products where it helps cleaning up mineral deposits.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a strong chelating agent, especially in alkaline solution.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) chelates the anions of calcium, iron, aluminium, copper, and other heavy metals.
Glucono delta lactone is a cyclic ester of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid).
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used in the preparation of cold set gels, and hydrogels.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used for industrial cleaning, textile bleach stabilizing, aluminium processing, and as a chelating agent in cement set retarding.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is also used for metal surface treatment, cleaning products, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and as a food additive.


Calcium gluconate is used in the treatment of patients with hypocalcemia, and its gel is used in the treatment of burns from hydrofluoric acid.
Quinine gluconate which is a salt of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) and quinine is used in the treatment of malaria.
Ferrous gluconate, or iron (II) gluconate, injections have been proposed in the past to treat anaemia, which occurs due to iron deficiency.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) aqueous solution is used as a medium for organic synthesis.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a chemical used in glycolytic pathway studies.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an acidulant that is a mild organic acid which is the hydrolyzed form of glucono-delta-lactone.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is prepared by the fermentation of dextrose, whereby the physiological d-form is produced.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is soluble in water with a solubility of 100 g/100 ml at 20°c.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) has a mild taste and at 1% has a ph of 2.8.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) functions as an antioxidant and enhances the function of other antioxidants.
In beverages, syrups, and wine, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can eliminate calcium turbidities.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used as a leavening component in cake mixes, and as an acid component in dry-mix desserts and dry beverage mixes.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine.
As a food additive Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an acidity regulator.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is also used in cleaning products.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can also be used as a food additive to regulate acidity and a cleaning agent in alkaline solution.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid)'s calcium salt, calcium gluconate can be used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid and avoid necrosis of deep tissues as well as treating the verapamil poisoning and hypocalcemia in hospitalized patient.


Some salts of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can also be used to treat malaria (quinidine gluconate) and anemia (ferrous gluconate).
In microbiology, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a common carbon source that can be supplemented to the medium for cell growth.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) and its derivatives are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, cleaning solutions, and food products.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) has many industrial uses.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used as a drug as part of electrolyte supplementation in total parenteral nutrition.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is also used in cleaning products where it helps clean up mineral deposits.


Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used to maintain the cation-anion balance on electrolyte solutions.
In humans, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is involved in the metabolic disorder called the transaldolase deficiency.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) occurs naturally in fruit, honey and wine and is used as a food additive, an acidity regulator.


-Industrial uses of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid):
The power of chelating heavy metals is stronger than that of EDTA, such as the chelation of calcium, iron, copper, and aluminium in alkaline conditions.
This property can be utilized in detergents, electroplating, textiles and so on.


-Food uses of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid):
The following food may contain with Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid):
*Bakery goods: as a leavening acid in leavening agent to increase dough volume by producing gas by the reaction with baking soda.

*Dairy products: as a chelating agent and prevent milkstone.
Some food and beverage: as an acidity regulator to impart a mild organic acid and adjust pH level and also as a preservative and an antifungal agent.
Also, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can be used to clean aluminium cans.


-Animal Nutrition uses of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) functions as a weak acid in piglet feed, poultry feed and aquaculture to comfort digestive and promote growth, also to increase the production of butyric acid and SCFA (Short-chain fatty acid).


-Medicine uses of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid):
In medicine, gluconate is used most commonly as a biologically neutral carrier of Zn2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, and K+ to treat electrolyte imbalance.
Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues, as well as to treat hypocalcemia in hospitalized patients.

Gluconate is also an electrolyte present in certain solutions, such as "plasmalyte a", used for intravenous fluid resuscitation.
Quinine gluconate is a salt of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria.
Ferrous gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an acid sugar composed of white crystals with a milk-acidic taste.
In aqueous solutions, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is in equilibrium with gamma- and delta-gluconolactones.

Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is prepared by enzymatic oxidation of glucose and strains of the microorganisms used to supply the enzyme action are nonpathogenic and nontoxicogenic to man or other animals.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is used as a component of bottle rinsing formulations, at levels not to exceed good manufacturing practice.



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
The chemical structure of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) consists of a six-carbon chain with five hydroxyl groups terminating in a carboxylic acid group.
In aqueous solution, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) exists in equilibrium with the cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.



PKa & PH OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a weak carboxylic acid with a dissociation constant pKa 3.6.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) dissociates a proton and a gluconate ion (conjugation).
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid)'s aqueous solution has a neutral pH.



PROPERTIES OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid)'s food grade is commonly 50% solution in water with colourless to light yellow color, and contains about 5% glucono delta-lactone at room temperature.
As in aqueous solution, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) exists in a stable equilibrium with the cyclic ester – GDL (glucono delta-lactone).



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
*Medium-chain hydroxy acids and derivatives
*Medium-chain fatty acids
*Hydroxy fatty acids
*Beta hydroxy acids and derivatives
*Monosaccharides
*Alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives
*Secondary alcohols
*Polyols
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Primary alcohols
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
*Gluconic_acid
*Medium-chain hydroxy acid
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Beta-hydroxy acid
*Hydroxy fatty acid
*Alpha-hydroxy acid
*Fatty acyl
*Fatty acid
*Hydroxy acid
*Monosaccharide
*Secondary alcohol
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Carboxylic acid
*Polyol
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Alcohol
*Carbonyl group
*Primary alcohol
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PRODUCTION OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Currently, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is commercially produced by submerged fed-batch cultivations of Aspergillus niger using glucose as substrate.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) concentration and yields of the product depend on the fermentation conditions.
For optimal gluconic acid production, high glucose concentrations (110–250 g.L-1), low concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the medium, a limitation of metal ion concentrations, a pH value in the range of 4.5–6.5, and high aeration rates for the oxygen supply are needed.

Much research has been carried out to find new ways for cheaper production.
Different microorganisms have been studied (e.g. G. oxydans, Z. mobilis, A. methanolicous, and P. fluorescence.
Moreover, new microbial strains have been developed by mutagenesis or genetic engineering.

Additionally, the fermentation process and recovery have been optimized.
New inexpensive substrates (e.g. cornstarch, grape or banana must, figs, and cheese whey) have been tested.
One example of a new and efficient production process of gluconic acid is the cultivation of Aureobasidium pullulans growing on glucose.

Using a continuous process with biomass retention by crossover filtration, a product concentration of 375 g.L-1, a yield of 0.83 g of gluconic acid per gram of glucose, and a productivity of 17 g.L-1.h-1 could be achieved at a residence time of 22 h.
In this process, 100 % of the glucose is converted.
This process might be interesting for industrial applications.



STRUCTURE OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an organic compound that has a molecular formula of C6H12O7 and the condensed structural formula HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.
The below figure is the structure of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), where we can observe that it consists of a 6-carbon chain, with 5 hydroxyl groups placed in the same way as in the open-chained form of glucose, ending with the carboxylic acid group.



PREPARATION OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
At present, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is synthesized in commercial quantities by the fermentative oxidation of the aldehyde group in glucose from corn, which is carried out by Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumaricus, Aspergillus acetic, Penicillium chryrosogenum, and other pencillia.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) and sorbitol are formed by the Cannizaro reaction on glucose, under alkaline conditions.

Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) may also be prepared from the electrolytic oxidation of glucose in an alkaline medium.
Or Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can also be prepared by the chemical oxidation of glucose by a hypochlorite or hypobromite solution, or by directly oxidizing glucose in the presence of the palladium catalyst.

Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a non-toxic compound that can be found naturally in honey, wine, fruits, etc.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is a carboxylic acid that can be formed by the oxidation of the first carbon of glucose with antiseptic and chelating properties.

Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can also be synthesized by hydrolysis of α-D-glucose with a mixture of bromide and sulfuric acid.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can also be prepared by gamma-irradiation of D-glucose.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is produced by oxidizing glucose in the presence of bromine water.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Calcium gluconate is formed by the neutralization of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) with lime or calcium carbonate.
By heating ferrous carbonate with the proper quantity of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) in an aqueous solution, ferrous gluconate or iron (II) gluconate can be produced.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) partially converts to an equilibrium mixture with gamma and delta gluconolactone in water.



OCCURRENCE OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) occurs naturally in fruit, honey, kombucha tea, and wine.
As a food additive ( E574 ), Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is an acidity regulator.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is also used in cleaning products where it dissolves mineral deposits especially in alkaline solution.

The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+,Fe2+, Al3+, and other metals.
In 1929 Horace Terhune Herrick developed a process for producing the salt by fermentation.
Calcium gluconate, in the form of a gel, is used to treat burns from hydrofluoric acid; calcium gluconate injections may be used for more severe cases to avoid necrosis of deep tissues.

Quinine gluconate is a salt between gluconic acid and quinine, which is used for intramuscular injection in the treatment of malaria.
Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs.
Iron gluconate injections have been proposed in the past to treat anemia.



STRUCTURAL FORMULA OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) structure features 6 carbon chain along with 5 hydroxyl groups placed in the general open-chain format of glucose, ending with the carboxylic acid group.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) exists in balance state in the aqueous state in the presence of cyclic ester glucono delta-lactone.
The structural formula of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is as shown below in the picture.

Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), a mild organic acid derived from sugar, mainly used as an acidity regulator and chelating agent in food with the European food additive number E574.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is also used to produce gluconates (E576, 577, 578, 579, 585) and glucono delta-lactone (E575) to be used in different food applications and other fields.



NATURAL SOURCES OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is naturally present in fruit, wine, honey, rice, meat and in kombucha fermentation.



HOW IS GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID) MADE?
Generally, Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is produced by oxidation of D-glucose (derived from starch hydrolysis) with different manufacturing processes:
*Bromine water
*Microorganisms, such as Aspergillus niger and Acetobactor suboxydans
*Enzymes derived from microorganisms



WHAT ARE GLUCONATES?
Gluconates usually refer to the salts of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) that are commonly made from the reaction between Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) and the corresponding metal carbonate salts.
The following are six common types of gluconates and their uses/functions in food:

*Calcium gluconate: functions as a firming agent, formulation aid, sequestrant, stabilizer or thickener and texturizer that can be used in baked goods, dairy products, gelatins, puddings and sugar substitutes.
*Sodium gluconate: a sequestrant .
*Copper gluconate: works as a nutrient supplement and a synergist, may be used in infant formula.
*Ferrous gluconate: a nutrient supplement that may be used in infant formula, also can be acted as a food color.
*Manganese gluconate: a nutrient supplement that can be used in baked goods, dairy and meat products, poultry products, and infant formulas.
*Zinc gluconate: nutrient.



WHAT ARE THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID)?
Urinary stones prevention: an early study showed that Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) can prevent urinary stones.
Intestinal microflora activity promotion: a study in piglets exhibited that Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) had a positive effect on the intestinal microflora and may improve piglets growth.



FORMULA OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid), an organic compound known as Dextronic acid, is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid)'molecular formula is C6H12O7 and its condensed structural formula is HOCH2(CHOH)4COOH.



STRUCTURE OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
The structure of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is shown in the above image.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) has a 6-carbon chain, five hydroxyl groups arranged similarly to how they are in the open-chained form of glucose, and a carboxylic acid group at the end.



CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
The chemical structure of Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) consists of a six-carbon chain, with five hydroxyl groups positioned in the same way as in the open-chained form of glucose, terminating in a carboxylic acid group.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is one of the 16 stereoisomers of 2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid.



PRODUCTION OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is typically produced by the aerobic oxidation of glucose in the presence of the enzyme glucose oxidase.
The conversion produces gluconolactone and hydrogen peroxide.
The lactone spontaneously hydrolyzes to Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) in water.

C6H12O6 + O2 → C6H10O6 + H2O2
C6H10O6 + H2O → C6H12O7
Variations of glucose (or other carbohydrate-containing substrate) oxidation using fermentation or noble metal catalysis.

Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) was first prepared by Hlasiwetz and Habermann in 1870 and involved the chemical oxidation of glucose.
In 1880, Boutroux prepared and isolated Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) using the glucose fermentation.



OCCURRENCE AND USES OF GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) occurs naturally in fruit, honey, and wine.
As a food additive (E574), Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is now known as an acidity regulator.

The gluconate anion chelates Ca2+, Fe2+, K+, Al3+, and other metals, including lanthanides and actinides.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) is also used in cleaning products, where it dissolves mineral deposits, especially in alkaline solution.
Zinc gluconate injections are used to neuter male dogs.

Gluconate is also used in building and construction as a concrete admixture (retarder) to slow down the cement hydration reactions, and to delay the cement setting time.
It allows for a longer time to lay the concrete, or to spread the cement hydration heat over a longer period of time to avoid too high a temperature and the resulting cracking.

Retarders are mixed in to concrete when the weather temperature is high or to cast large and thick concrete slabs in successive and sufficiently well-mixed layers.
Gluconic Acid (Dextronic acid) finds application as a medium for organic synthesis.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
Molecular Weight: 196.16 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -3.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 196.05830272 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 196.05830272 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 138 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 170
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C6H12O7
Molar mass: 196.155 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless crystals
Melting point: 131 °C (268 °F; 404 K)
Solubility in water: 316 g/L
Acidity (pKa): 3.86
Color: White to Yellow
Beilstein: 03, 542
Merck Index: 15, 4492
Formula Weight: 196.16
Percent Purity: 49 to 55% (Titrimetry other)
Density: 1.23 g/mL
Physical Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Specific Gravity: 1.22 to 1.25 (20°C)
Chemical Name or Material: Gluconic acid

Physical state: Liquid
Color: Light brown
Odor: Slightly sourish
Melting point/freezing point: Not available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 105 - 106 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): Not available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: Not available
Flash point: Not available
Autoignition temperature: Not available
Decomposition temperature: Distillable in an undecomposed state at normal pressure
pH: 2.2 at 500 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity: Not available
Water solubility at 20 °C: Soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water - Not available
Vapor pressure: Not available
Density: 1.24 g/cm3 at 20 °C

Relative density: Not available
Relative vapor density: Not available
Particle characteristics: Not available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive
Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: Not available
Molecular Weight: 194.13900 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C6H10O7
Purity: 95%
Solubility: Water, 1e+006 mg/L @ 25 °C (estimated)
Assay: 0.98
EINECS: 209-401-7
Grade: Industrial grade
Chemical Formula: C6H12O7
Average Molecular Weight: 196.1553 g/mol
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 196.058302738 g/mol

IUPAC Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Traditional Name: Gluconate
CAS Registry Number: 526-95-4
SMILES: OCC@@HC@@HC@HC@@HC(O)=O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H12O7/c7-1-2(8)3(9)4(10)5(11)6(12)13/h2-5,7-11H,1H2,(H,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-/m1/s1
InChI Key: RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N
Melting point: 15 °C
Boiling point: 102 °C
Alpha: D20 -6.7° (c = 1)
Density: 1.23
Refractive index: 1.4161
Storage temperature: Store below +30°C
Solubility: DMSO (Slightly), Methanol (Slightly), Water
Form: Crystalline Powder or Crystals

pKa: pK (25°) 3.60
Color: White to light yellow
Specific Gravity: 1.234
Odor: Commercial 50 aq. soln. lt. amber, faint odor of vinegar
Optical activity: [α]/D +9.0 to 15.5°
Water Solubility: Soluble in water
Appearance: Colourless crystals
Taste: Mild acid taste
Molar mass: 196.155 g/mol
IUPAC Name: D-Gluconic acid
Systematic IUPAC name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-Pentahydroxyhexanoic acid
Chemical Formula: C6H12O7
CAS DataBase Reference: 526-95-4
EPA Substance Registry System: D-Gluconic acid (526-95-4)
Hydrogen bond donor count: 6
Hydrogen bond acceptor count: 7
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
PSA: 138.45000

XLogP3: -3.4
Appearance: Ammonium gluconate is a white solid with a weak odor of ammonia.
Density: 1.24 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Boiling Point: 102ºC
Flash Point: 375.2ºC
Refractive Index: 1.4161
Water Solubility: Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25°C: 100 (good)
Storage Conditions: Store at RT.
Molecular form: C6H12O7
Appearance: Clear Colorless to Pale Yellow Solution
Mol. Weight: 196.16
Storage: 2-8°C Refrigerator
Shipping Conditions: Ambient
Applications: NA



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult doctor if feeling unwell.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,40 mm
Break through time: > 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: > 30 min
*Respiratory protection:
Not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLUCONIC ACID (DEXTRONIC ACID):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

1.1. Product identifier Trade name GLUCOPURE FOAM Material number: 275450 Chemical nature: Glucamide in aqueous-glycolic solution INCI name: Cocoyl Methyl Glucamide 1.2. Relevant identified uses of the substance or mixture and uses advised against 2.1 Classification of the substance or mixture Classification (REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008) Serious eye damage, Category 1 H318: Causes serious eye damage. 2.2 Label elements Labelling (REGULATION (EC) No 1272/2008) Hazard pictograms : Signal word : Danger Hazard statements : H318 Causes serious eye damage. Precautionary statements : Prevention: P280 Wear eye protection/ face protection. Response: P305 + P351 + P338 + P310 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing. Immediately call a POISON CENTER/doctor. Hazardous components which must be listed on the label: D-Glucitol, 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-, N-(C8-16 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated acyl) deriv. 2.3 Other hazards This substance/mixture contains no components considered to be either persistent,bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT), or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) at levels of 0.1% or higher.No additional hazards are known except those derived from the labelling. 3.2 GLUCOPURE FOAM Mixtures Hazardous components Chemical name CAS-No. EC-No. Index-No. Registration number Classification Concentration (% w/w) D-Glucitol, 1-deoxy-1- (methylamino)-, N-(C8-16 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated acyl) deriv. Not Assigned 01-2120041462-67- 0000 Eye Dam. 1; H318 >= 30 - < 50 4.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Description of first aid measures General advice : Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.Get medical advice/ attention if you feel unwell. If inhaled : If inhaled, remove to fresh air.Get medical advice/ attention. In case of skin contact : In case of contact, immediately flush skin with soap and plenty of water. In case of eye contact : In the case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. If swallowed : If swallowed do not induce vomiting,seek medical advice and show safety datasheet or label 4.2 Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed Symptoms : irritant effects Risks : Causes serious eye damage. 4.3 Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed Treatment : Treat symptomatically. 5.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Extinguishing media Suitable extinguishing media : Water spray jet Alcohol-resistant foam Dry powder Carbon dioxide (CO2) Unsuitable extinguishing media: High volume water jet 5.2 Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture Specific hazards during firefighting : In case of fire hazardous decomposition products may be produced such as: Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Carbon monoxide 5.3 Advice for firefighters Special protective equipment for firefighters : Self-contained breathing apparatus Further information : Wear suitable protective equipment. 6.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures Personal precautions : Wear suitable protective equipment. Ensure adequate ventilation. 6.2 Environmental precautions Environmental precautions : The product should not be allowed to enter drains, water courses or the soil. 6.3 Methods and material for containment and cleaning up Methods for cleaning up : Soak up with inert absorbent material (e.g. sand, silica gel, acid binder, universal binder, sawdust). Treat recovered material as described in the section "Disposal considerations". 6.4 Reference to other sections Information regarding Safe handling, see chapter 7., For personal protection see section 8., For disposal considerations see section 13. 7.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Precautions for safe handling Advice on safe handling : Provide adequate ventilation. Advice on protection against fire and explosion: Observe the general rules of industrial fire protection Hygiene measures : Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday. Use protective skin cream before handling the product. Take off immediately all contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse. 7.2 Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities Further information on storage conditions : Keep containers tightly closed in a cool, well-ventilated place. Store in cool place. Store in a dry place. 7.3 Specific end use(s) Specific use(s) : No further recommendations. 8.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Control parameters Derived No Effect Level (DNEL) according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006: Substance name-End Use-Exposure routes-Potential health effects-Value Propylene Glycol CAS-No.: 57-55-6-Workers-Inhalation-Long-term systemic effects-168 mg/m3 Remarks: DNEL-Workers-Inhalation-Long-term local effects-10 mg/m3 Remarks: DNEL-Consumers-Inhalation Long-term systemic effects-50 mg/m3 Remarks: DNEL-Consumers-Inhalation Long-term local effects-10 mg/m3 Remarks: DNEL-Consumers-Skin contact Long-term systemic effects-213 mg/m3 Consumers-Ingestion Long-term systemic effects-85 mg/m3 D-Glucitol, 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-, N-(C8-16 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated acyl) deriv.Workers Inhalation Long-term systemic effects-10,58 mg/m3 Remarks: DNEL-Workers-Skin contact Long-term systemic effects-30 mg/kg bw/day Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006: Substance name Environmental Compartment Value Propylene Glycol CAS-No.: 57-55-6 Fresh water 260 mg/l Marine water 26 mg/l Water (intermittent release) 183 mg/l Sewage treatment plant 20000 mg/l Fresh water sediment 572 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) Marine sediment 57,2 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) Soil 50 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) D-Glucitol, 1-deoxy-1-(methylamino)-, N-(C8-16 (even numbered) and C18 unsaturated acyl) deriv. Fresh water 0,32 mg/l Marine water 0,032 mg/l Water (intermittent release) 0,059 mg/l Fresh water sediment 43,4 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) Marine sediment 4,3 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) Sewage treatment plant 0,8 mg/l Soil 36,6 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) 8.2 GLUCOPURE FOAM Exposure controls Personal protective equipment Eye protection : Depending on the risk, wear sufficient eye protection (safety glasses with side protection or goggles, and if necessary, face shield.) Hand protection Break through time : 480 min Glove thickness : 0,7 mm Remarks : Long-term exposure Impervious butyl rubber gloves Break through time : 30 min Glove thickness : 0,4 mm Remarks : For short-term exposure (splash protection): Nitrile rubber gloves. Remarks : These types of protective gloves are offered by various manufacturers. Please note the manufacturers´ detailed statements, especially about the minimum thickness and the minimum breakthrough time. Consider also the particular working conditions under which the gloves are being used. Skin and body protection : Wear suitable protective equipment. Respiratory protection : Use respiratory protection in case of insufficient exhaust ventilation or prolonged exposure Full mask to standard DIN EN 136 Filter A (organic gases and vapours) to standard DIN EN 141 The use of filter apparatus presupposes that the environment atmosphere contains at least 17% oxygen by volume, and does not exceed the maximum gas concentration, usually 0.5% by volume. Relevant guidelines to be considered include EN 136/141/143/371/372 as well as other national regulations. Protective measures : Observe the usual precautions for handling chemicals. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. 9.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Information on basic physical and chemical properties GLUCOPURE FOAM Appearance : paste GLUCOPURE FOAM Odour : characteristic GLUCOPURE FOAM Odour Threshold : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM pH : 8,5 - 9,5 (35 °C) GLUCOPURE FOAM Concentration: 10 g/l GLUCOPURE FOAM Melting point : approx. 32 °C GLUCOPURE FOAM Boiling point : approx. 100 °C Based on water-content. GLUCOPURE FOAM Flash point : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM Evaporation rate : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM Burning number : Not applicable GLUCOPURE FOAM Upper explosion limit : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM Lower explosion limit : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM Vapour pressure : 2,3 hPa (25 °C) Method: EEC 84/449 A.4 Corresp. to vapour pressure of water GLUCOPURE FOAM Relative vapour density : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM Density : approx. 1,046 g/cm3 (50 °C) Method: DIN 51757 GLUCOPURE FOAM Bulk density : Not applicable GLUCOPURE FOAM Solubility(ies) Water solubility : soluble (40 °C) GLUCOPURE FOAM Solubility in other solvents : 39 g/l Data corresponds to that of the active component (20 °C) Solvent: 1-octanol Method: OECD Test Guideline 105 GLUCOPURE FOAM Auto-ignition temperature : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM Decomposition temperature : > 200 °C Heating rate : 3 K/min Method: DSC GLUCOPURE FOAM Viscosity GLUCOPURE FOAM Viscosity, dynamic : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM Viscosity, kinematic : not tested. GLUCOPURE FOAM Explosive properties : Not explosive GLUCOPURE FOAM Oxidizing properties : There are no chemical groups associated with oxidising GLUCOPURE FOAM properties present in the molecule. 9.2 GLUCOPURE FOAM Other information Minimum ignition energy : not tested. Particle size : Not applicable Self-ignition : > 135 °C Method: EC A.16 10.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Reactivity See section 10.3. "Possibility of hazardous reactions" 10.2 Chemical stability Stable under normal conditions. 10.3 Possibility of hazardous reactions Hazardous reactions : No dangerous reaction known under conditions of normal use. 10.4 Conditions to avoid Conditions to avoid : Keep away from heat and sources of ignition. 10.5 Incompatible materials Materials to avoid : Strong acids and oxidizing agents 10.6 Hazardous decomposition products When handled and stored appropriately, no dangerous decomposition products are known 11.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Information on toxicological effects Acute toxicity Product: Acute oral toxicity : LD50 (Rat): > 2.500 mg/kg Method: OECD Test Guideline 423 Remarks: The values mentioned are those of the active ingredient. Acute inhalation toxicity : Remarks: not tested. Acute dermal toxicity : LD50 (Rabbit): > 2.000 mg/kg Method: OECD Test Guideline 402 Remarks: By analogy with a product of similar composition Skin corrosion/irritation Product: Species: EPISKIN Human Skin Model Test Method: OECD Test Guideline 439 Result: No skin irritation Remarks: The values mentioned are those of the active ingredient. Serious eye damage/eye irritation Product: Species: rabbit eye Method: OECD Test Guideline 405 Result: Risk of serious damage to eyes. Respiratory or skin sensitisation Product: Method: OECD Test Guideline 406 Result: non-sensitizing Germ cell mutagenicity Product: Genotoxicity in vitro : Test Type: HGPRT assay Species: V79 cells (embryonic lung fibroblasts) of the Chinese hamster Method: OECD Test Guideline 476 Result: negative Remarks: Information refers to the main component. Genotoxicity in vivo : Test Type: Micronucleus test Species: Mouse Method: OECD Test Guideline 474 Result: negative Remarks: Information refers to the main component. Germ cell mutagenicityAssessment : Not mutagenic in Ames Test Carcinogenicity Product: Carcinogenicity - Assessment : No information available. Reproductive toxicity Product: Reproductive toxicity - Assessment : No information available. No information available. STOT - single exposure Product: Remarks: not tested. STOT - repeated exposure Product: Remarks: not tested. Repeated dose toxicity Product: Species: Rat NOAEL: 750 mg/kg Exposure time: 28 d Method: OECD Test Guideline 407 Remarks: Information refers to the main component. Aspiration toxicity Product: no data available Further information Product: Remarks: The product has not been tested. The information is derived from the properties of the individual components. 12.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Toxicity Product:Toxicity to fish : LC50 (Danio rerio (zebra fish)): 7,5 mg/l Exposure time: 96 h Method: OECD Test Guideline 203 Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: EC50 (Daphnia magna (Water flea)): 5,91 mg/l Exposure time: 48 h Method: OECD Test Guideline 202 Remarks: The values mentioned are those of the active ingredient. Toxicity to algae : EC50 (Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae)): 30 mg/l Exposure time: 72 h Method: OECD Test Guideline 201 NOEC (Selenastrum capricornutum (green algae)): 5,6 mg/l Remarks: The values mentioned are those of the active ingredient. Toxicity to fish (Chronic toxicity) : NOEC: 4,8 mg/l Exposure time: 35 d Species: Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) Remarks: The values mentioned are those of the active ingredient. Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates (Chronic toxicity) : NOEC: 3,24 mg/l Exposure time: 21 d Species: Daphnia magna (Water flea) Method: OECD Test Guideline 211 Remarks: The values mentioned are those of the active ingredient. Toxicity to microorganisms : EC50 (activated sludge): 171 mg/l Exposure time: 3 h Method: OECD Test Guideline 209 12.2 Persistence and degradability Product: Biodegradability : Remarks: Not applicable 12.3 Bioaccumulative potential Product: Bioaccumulation : Bioconcentration factor (BCF): 58 Method: calculated Remarks: Low potential for bioaccumulation (log Pow < 3). 12.4 Mobility in soil Product: Distribution among environmental compartments: Remarks: not tested. 12.5 Results of PBT and vPvB assessment Product: Assessment : This substance/mixture contains no components considered to be either persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT), or very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB) at levels of 0.1% or higher.. 12.6 Other adverse effects Product: Additional ecological information : The product has not been tested. The information is derived from the properties of the individual components. 13.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Waste treatment methods Product : In accordance with local authority regulations, take to special waste incineration plant Contaminated packaging : Packaging that cannot be cleaned should be disposed of as product waste Section 14.1. to 14.5. ADR not restricted ADN not restricted RID not restricted IATA not restricted IMDG not restricted 14.6. Special precautions for user See sections 6 to 8 of this Safety Data Sheet. 14.7. Transport in bulk according to Annex II of MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code (International Bulk Chemicals Code) No transport as bulk according IBC - Code. 15.1 GLUCOPURE FOAM Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture REACH - Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for Authorisation (Article 59). : Not applicable Regulation (EC) No 1005/2009 on substances that deplete the ozone layer : Not applicable Regulation (EC) No 850/2004 on persistent organic pollutants : Not applicable Other regulations: Apart from the data/regulations specified in this chapter, no further information is available concerning safety, health and environmental protection. The surfactant(s) contained in this mixture complies(comply) with the biodegradability criteria as laid down in Regulation (EC) No.648/2004 on detergents. Data to support this assertion are held at the disposal of the competent authorities of the Member States and will be made available to them, at their direct request or at the request of a detergent manufacturer. Take note of Dir 94/33/EC on the protection of young people at work. Occupational restrictions for pregnant and breast feeding women 15.2 Chemical safety assessment No Chemical Safety Assessment (CSA) is yet available for the substance, or for the component substances, contained in this product.

Nonionic surfactant and solubilizer for hard surface cleaners GLUCOPURE WET Composition N-C8/10-acyl-N-methyl-glucamin GLUCOPURE WET Product properties GLUCOPURE WET Appearance (20 °C) Yellowish liquid GLUCOPURE WET Gardener colour Max. 5 GLUCOPURE WET Active substance Approx. 50 % GLUCOPURE WET Viscosity at 20 °C [mPas] Approx. 200 GLUCOPURE WET Density at 25 °C [g/cm3] Approx.1.081 GLUCOPURE WET pH (10 % t. q. aqueous solution) Approx. 8.5 GLUCOPURE WET Propylene Glycol Approx. 5.0 % GLUCOPURE WET HLB (Griffin) 13 Profile GLUCOPURE WET is a mild surfactant with a good cleaning an wetting ability.When used as a surfactant it is especially suitable bath cleaners with a mild pH value of 3-6 and all purpose cleaners. GLUCOPURE WET is mild to hard surfaces like plastics or metals common in households and typically does not create corrosion or stress cracking.In addition GLUCOPURE WET is an excellent non-EO solubilizer for hydrophobic oils and perfumes. Mildness Glucopure® surfactants are amongst the mildest surfactants in the market. They are extremely mild to both skin proteins and skin lipids and are therefore very useful for formulations with mildness claims and for sensitive skin and hair. Compatibility GLUCOPURE WET is miscible with all types of surfactants (anionic, non-ionic, cationic and amphoteric), complexing agents and other typical ingredients of hard surface cleaners.Glucopure are chemically stable in acidic and alkaline media in the pH range of approx. 3-10. Solublizing properties GLUCOPURE WET is an excellent non-EO solubilizer. Especially for terpenoides and preservative actives it shows better results than other non-EO solubilizers. Use Level A use level of 2.0 % - 10 % as solubilizer (1.0 to 5 % active) for cleaning applications recommended. For solubilisation significantly lower levels can be already sufficient. Formulation advice GLUCOPURE WET can be added to any step of the process. Storage and Shelf Life GLUCOPURE WET should be stored at room temperature.The shelf life is at least two years when stored in tightly closed containers at room temperature in a clear and aerated place. After this period the product should be analysed for extension of the shelf life.

GLUCOSAMINE HCL, N° CAS : 66-84-2, Nom INCI : GLUCOSAMINE HCL. Nom chimique : Glucosamine hydrochloride. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-638-1. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance

Synonyms: D-GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE 2KCL;GlucosamineSulfateUsp2996-104%;D-GLUCOSAMINESULFATE(K+)POTASSIUM;D-Glucosamine potassium sulfate;Bis(2-ammonio-2-deoxy-D-glucose) sulphate;Glucosamine sulfate;Einecs 239-088-2;Glucosamine Sulphate 2KHCL CAS: 14999-43-0

GLUCOSAMINE SULFATEN° CAS : 29031-19-4, Nom INCI : GLUCOSAMINE SULFATE. Nom chimique : D-glucosamine sulphate. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 249-379-6. Classification : Sulfate, Ses fonctions (INCI). Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

GLUCOSE GLUTAMATE, N° CAS : 59279-63-9, Nom INCI : GLUCOSE GLUTAMATE. Ses fonctions (INCI). Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

CAS Number: 50-99-7
EC Number: 200-075-1
Chemical formula: C6H12O6
Molar mass: 180.156 g/mol

Glucose is the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body's cells.
Glucose comes from the foods we eat or the body can make it from other substances.
Glucose is carried to the cells through the bloodstream.
Several hormones, including insulin, control glucose levels in the blood.
Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C6H12O6.
Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates.
Glucose is mainly made by plants and most algae during photosynthesis from water and carbon dioxide, using energy from sunlight, where it is used to make cellulose in cell walls, the most abundant carbohydrate in the world.

Glucose can exist in both a straight-chain and ring form.
Glucose open-chain form of glucose makes up less than 0.02% of the glucose molecules in an aqueous solution.
Glucose rest is one of two cyclic hemiacetal forms.
In its open-chain form, the glucose molecule has an open (as opposed to cyclic) unbranched backbone of six carbon atoms, where C-1 is part of an aldehyde group (C=O)−.
Therefore, glucose is also classified as an aldose, or an aldohexose.
The aldehyde group makes glucose a reducing sugar giving a positive reaction with the Fehling test.

Glucose metabolism and various forms of it in the process
Glucose-containing compounds and isomeric forms are digested and taken up by the body in the intestines, including starch, glycogen, disaccharides and monosaccharides.
Glucose is stored in mainly the liver and muscles as glycogen.
Glucose is distributed and used in tissues as free glucose.
Main articles: Glycolysis and Pentose phosphate pathway
In humans, glucose is metabolised by glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway.

Glycolysis is used by all living organisms,: 551 with small variations, and all organisms generate energy from the breakdown of monosaccharides.
Glucose the further course of the metabolism, it can be completely degraded via oxidative decarboxylation, the citric acid cycle (synonym Krebs cycle) and the respiratory chain to water and carbon dioxide.
Glucose there is not enough oxygen available for this, the glucose degradation in animals occurs anaerobic to lactate via lactic acid fermentation and releases less energy.
Muscular lactate enters the liver through the bloodstream in mammals, where gluconeogenesis occurs (Cori cycle).
With a high supply of glucose, the metabolite acetyl-CoA from the Krebs cycle can also be used for fatty acid synthesis.
Glucose is also used to replenish the body's glycogen stores, which are mainly found in liver and skeletal muscle. These processes are hormonally regulated.

In energy metabolism, glucose is the most important source of energy in all organisms.
Glucose for metabolism is stored as a polymer, in plants mainly as starch and amylopectin, and in animals as glycogen.
Glucose circulates in the blood of animals as blood sugar.
The naturally occurring form of glucose is d-glucose, while l-glucose is produced synthetically in comparatively small amounts and is of lesser importance[citation needed].

Glucose is a monosaccharide containing six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group, and is therefore an aldohexose.
The glucose molecule can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) as well as ring (cyclic) form.
Glucose is naturally occurring and is found in its free state in fruits and other parts of plants.
Glucose animals, glucose is released from the breakdown of glycogen in a process known as glycogenolysis.

Glucose, as intravenous sugar solution, is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.
Glucose is also on the list in combination with sodium chloride.

Glucose is produced by plants through the photosynthesis using sunlight, water and carbon dioxide and can be used by all living organisms as an energy and carbon source.
However, most glucose does not occur in its free form, but in the form of its polymers, i.e. lactose, sucrose, starch and others which are energy reserve substances, and cellulose and chitin, which are components of the cell wall in plants or fungi and arthropods, respectively.
These polymers, when consumed by animals, fungi and bacteria, are degraded to glucose using enzymes.
All animals are also able to produce glucose themselves from certain precursors as the need arises.
Neurons, cells of the renal medulla and erythrocytes depend on glucose for their energy production.
In adult humans, there are about 18 g of glucose, of which about 4 g are present in the blood.
Approximately 180 to 220 g of glucose are produced in the liver of an adult in 24 hours.
Many of the long-term complications of diabetes (e.g., blindness, kidney failure, and peripheral neuropathy) are probably due to the glycation of proteins or lipids. In contrast, enzyme-regulated addition of sugars to protein is called glycosylation and is essential for the function of many proteins.

Uptake
Ingested glucose initially binds to the receptor for sweet taste on the tongue in humans.
Glucose complex of the proteins T1R2 and T1R3 makes it possible to identify glucose-containing food sources.
Glucose mainly comes from food—about 300 g per day are produced by conversion of food,but it is also synthesized from other metabolites in the body's cells.
In humans, the breakdown of glucose-containing polysaccharides happens in part already during chewing by means of amylase, which is contained in saliva, as well as by maltase, lactase, and sucrase on the brush border of the small intestine.
Glucose is a building block of many carbohydrates and can be split off from them using certain enzymes.
Glucosidases, a subgroup of the glycosidases, first catalyze the hydrolysis of long-chain glucose-containing polysaccharides, removing terminal glucose.

In turn, disaccharides are mostly degraded by specific glycosidases to glucose.
Glucose names of the degrading enzymes are often derived from the particular poly- and disaccharide; inter alia, for the degradation of polysaccharide chains there are amylases (named after amylose, a component of starch), cellulases (named after cellulose), chitinases (named after chitin), and more.
Furthermore, for the cleavage of disaccharides, there are maltase, lactase, sucrase, trehalase, and others. In humans, about 70 genes are known that code for glycosidases.
They have functions in the digestion and degradation of glycogen, sphingolipids, mucopolysaccharides, and poly(ADP-ribose).
Humans do not produce cellulases, chitinases, or trehalases, but the bacteria in the gut flora do.

Glucoseorder to get into or out of cell membranes of cells and membranes of cell compartments, glucose requires special transport proteins from the major facilitator superfamily.
Glucose the small intestine (more precisely, in the jejunum),glucose is taken up into the intestinal epithelium with the help of glucose transporters via a secondary active transport mechanism called sodium ion-glucose symport via sodium/glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1).
Further transfer occurs on the basolateral side of the intestinal epithelial cells via the glucose transporter GLUT2,as well uptake into liver cells, kidney cells, cells of the islets of Langerhans, neurons, astrocytes, and tanycytes.
Glucose enters the liver via the portal vein and is stored there as a cellular glycogen.

Glucose the liver cell, it is phosphorylated by glucokinase at position 6 to form glucose 6-phosphate, which cannot leave the cell.
Glucose 6-phosphatase can convert glucose 6-phosphate back into glucose exclusively in the liver, so the body can maintain a sufficient blood glucose concentration.
Glucose other cells, uptake happens by passive transport through one of the 14 GLUT proteins.
Glucose the other cell types, phosphorylation occurs through a hexokinase, whereupon glucose can no longer diffuse out of the cell.

The glucose transporter GLUT1 is produced by most cell types and is of particular importance for nerve cells and pancreatic β-cells. GLUT3 is highly expressed in nerve cells.
Glucose from the bloodstream is taken up by GLUT4 from muscle cells (of the skeletal muscle and heart muscle) and fat cells.GLUT14 is expressed exclusively in testicles.
Excess glucose is broken down and converted into fatty acids, which are stored as triglycerides.
Glucose the kidneys, glucose in the urine is absorbed via SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the apical cell membranes and transmitted via GLUT2 in the basolateral cell membranes.
About 90% of kidney glucose reabsorption is via SGLT2 and about 3% via SGLT1.

Biosynthesis
Main articles: Gluconeogenesis and Glycogenolysis
In plants and some prokaryotes, glucose is a product of photosynthesis.
Glucose is also formed by the breakdown of polymeric forms of glucose like glycogen (in animals and mushrooms) or starch (in plants).
The cleavage of glycogen is termed glycogenolysis, the cleavage of starch is called starch degradation.

Glucose metabolic pathway that begins with molecules containing two to four carbon atoms (C) and ends in the glucose molecule containing six carbon atoms is called gluconeogenesis and occurs in all living organisms.
The smaller starting materials are the result of other metabolic pathways.
Ultimately almost all biomolecules come from the assimilation of carbon dioxide in plants during photosynthesis:
The free energy of formation of α-d-glucose is 917.2 kilojoules per mole: 59 In humans, gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver and kidney,but also in other cell types.
Glucose the liver about 150 g of glycogen are stored, in skeletal muscle about 250 g.

However, the glucose released in muscle cells upon cleavage of the glycogen can not be delivered to the circulation because glucose is phosphorylated by the hexokinase, and a glucose-6-phosphatase is not expressed to remove the phosphate group.
Unlike for glucose, there is no transport protein for glucose-6-phosphate.
Gluconeogenesis allows the organism to build up glucose from other metabolites, including lactate or certain amino acids, while consuming energy.
The renal tubular cells can also produce glucose.

Glucose also can be found outside of living organisms in the ambient environment.
Glucose concentrations in the atmosphere are detected via collection of samples by aircraft and are known to vary from location to location.
For example, glucose concentrations in atmospheric air from inland China range from 0.8-20.1 pg/l, whereas east coastal China glucose concentrations range from 10.3-142 pg/l.

Glucose degradation
Glucose other living organisms, other forms of fermentation can occur.
The bacterium Escherichia coli can grow on nutrient media containing glucose as the sole carbon source: 
Glucose some bacteria and, in modified form, also in archaea, glucose is degraded via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway.

Use of glucose as an energy source in cells is by either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, or fermentation.
Glucose first step of glycolysis is the phosphorylation of glucose by a hexokinase to form glucose 6-phosphate.
Glucose main reason for the immediate phosphorylation of glucose is to prevent its diffusion out of the cell as the charged phosphate group prevents glucose 6-phosphate from easily crossing the cell membrane.
Furthermore, addition of the high-energy phosphate group activates glucose for subsequent breakdown in later steps of glycolysis.
At physiological conditions, this initial reaction is irreversible.

In anaerobic respiration, one glucose molecule produces a net gain of two ATP molecules (four ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis through substrate-level phosphorylation, but two are required by enzymes used during the process).
In aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose is much more profitable in that a maximum net production of 30 or 32 ATP molecules (depending on the organism) through oxidative phosphorylation is generated.

Click on genes, proteins and metabolites below to link to respective articles.

Tumor cells often grow comparatively quickly and consume an above-average amount of glucose by glycolysis,which leads to the formation of lactate, the end product of fermentation in mammals, even in the presence of oxygen.
Glucose effect is called the Warburg effect. For the increased uptake of glucose in tumors various SGLT and GLUT are overly produced.

In yeast, ethanol is fermented at high glucose concentrations, even in the presence of oxygen (which normally leads to respiration but not to fermentation).
Glucose effect is called the Crabtree effect.

Glucose can also degrade to form carbon dioxide through abiotic means.
This has been demonstrated to occur experimentally via oxidation and hydrolysis at 22˚C and a pH of 2.5.

Energy source
Diagram showing the possible intermediates in glucose degradation; Metabolic pathways orange: glycolysis, green: Entner-Doudoroff pathway, phosphorylating, yellow: Entner-Doudoroff pathway, non-phosphorylating
Glucose is a ubiquitous fuel in biology.
Glucose is used as an energy source in organisms, from bacteria to humans, through either aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration (in bacteria), or fermentation.
Glucose is the human body's key source of energy, through aerobic respiration, providing about 3.75 kilocalories (16 kilojoules) of food energy per gram.
Breakdown of carbohydrates (e.g., starch) yields mono- and disaccharides, most of which is glucose.
Through glycolysis and later in the reactions of the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, glucose is oxidized to eventually form carbon dioxide and water, yielding energy mostly in the form of ATP.
Glucose insulin reaction, and other mechanisms, regulate the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Glucose physiological caloric value of glucose, depending on the source, is 16.2 kilojoules per gram and 15.7 kJ/g (3.74 kcal/g), respectively.
Glucose high availability of carbohydrates from plant biomass has led to a variety of methods during evolution, especially in microorganisms, to utilize the energy and carbon storage glucose.
Differences exist in which end product can no longer be used for energy production.
The presence of individual genes, and their gene products, the enzymes, determine which reactions are possible.
The metabolic pathway of glycolysis is used by almost all living beings.
An essential difference in the use of glycolysis is the recovery of NADPH as a reductant for anabolism that would otherwise have to be generated indirectly.

Glucose and oxygen supply almost all the energy for the brain, so its availability influences psychological processes.
When glucose is low, psychological processes requiring mental effort (e.g., self-control, effortful decision-making) are impaired.
In the brain, which is dependent on glucose and oxygen as the major source of energy, the glucose concentration is usually 4 to 6 mM (5 mM equals 90 mg/dL),[40] but decreases to 2 to 3 mM when fasting.
Confusion occurs below 1 mM and coma at lower levels.
The glucose in the blood is called blood sugar.
Blood sugar levels are regulated by glucose-binding nerve cells in the hypothalamus.
In addition, glucose in the brain binds to glucose receptors of the reward system in the nucleus accumbens.
The binding of glucose to the sweet receptor on the tongue induces a release of various hormones of energy metabolism, either through glucose or through other sugars, leading to an increased cellular uptake and lower blood sugar levels.
Artificial sweeteners do not lower blood sugar levels.

The blood sugar content of a healthy person in the short-time fasting state, e.g. after overnight fasting, is about 70 to 100 mg/dL of blood (4 to 5.5 mM).
In blood plasma, the measured values are about 10–15% higher.
In addition, the values in the arterial blood are higher than the concentrations in the venous blood since glucose is absorbed into the tissue during the passage of Glucose capillary bed.
Also in the capillary blood, which is often used for blood sugar determination, the values are sometimes higher than in the venous blood. The glucose content of the blood is regulated by the hormones insulin, incretin and glucagon.
Insulin lowers the glucose level, glucagon increases it.

Furthermore, the hormones adrenaline, thyroxine, glucocorticoids, somatotropin and adrenocorticotropin lead to an increase in the glucose level.
Glucose is also a hormone-independent regulation, which is referred to as glucose autoregulation.
After food intake the blood sugar concentration increases. Values over 180 mg/dL in venous whole blood are pathological and are termed hyperglycemia, values below 40 mg/dL are termed hypoglycaemia.
When needed, glucose is released into the bloodstream by glucose-6-phosphatase from glucose-6-phosphate originating from liver and kidney glycogen, thereby regulating the homeostasis of blood glucose concentration.
In ruminants, the blood glucose concentration is lower (60 mg/dL in cattle and 40 mg/dL in sheep), because the carbohydrates are converted more by their gut flora into short-chain fatty acids.

Some glucose is converted to lactic acid by astrocytes, which is then utilized as an energy source by brain cells; some glucose is used by intestinal cells and red blood cells, while the rest reaches the liver, adipose tissue and muscle cells, where it is absorbed and stored as glycogen (under the influence of insulin).
Liver cell glycogen can be converted to glucose and returned to the blood when insulin is low or absent; muscle cell glycogen is not returned to the blood because of a lack of enzymes.
Glucose fat cells, glucose is used to power reactions that synthesize some fat types and have other purposes.
Glycogen is the body's "glucose energy storage" mechanism, because it is much more "space efficient" and less reactive than glucose itself.

As a result of its importance in human health, glucose is an analyte in glucose tests that are common medical blood tests.
Eating or fasting prior to taking a blood sample has an effect on analyses for glucose in the blood; a high fasting glucose blood sugar level may be a sign of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus.

The glycemic index is an indicator of the speed of resorption and conversion to blood glucose levels from ingested carbohydrates, measured as the area under the curve of blood glucose levels after consumption in comparison to glucose (glucose is defined as 100).
Glucose clinical importance of the glycemic index is controversial, as foods with high fat contents slow the resorption of carbohydrates and lower the glycemic index, e.g. ice cream.
An alternative indicator is the insulin index, measured as the impact of carbohydrate consumption on the blood insulin levels.
The glycemic load is an indicator for the amount of glucose added to blood glucose levels after consumption, based on the glycemic index and the amount of consumed food.

Precursor
Organisms use glucose as a precursor for the synthesis of several important substances.
Starch, cellulose, and glycogen ("animal starch") are common glucose polymers (polysaccharides).
Some of these polymers (starch or glycogen) serve as energy stores, while others (cellulose and chitin, which is made from a derivative of glucose) have structural roles.
Oligosaccharides of glucose combined with other sugars serve as important energy stores.

These include lactose, the predominant sugar in milk, which is a glucose-galactose disaccharide, and sucrose, another disaccharide which is composed of glucose and fructose.
Glucose is also added onto certain proteins and lipids in a process called glycosylation.
Glucose is often critical for their functioning.
The enzymes that join glucose to other molecules usually use phosphorylated glucose to power the formation of the new bond by coupling it with the breaking of the glucose-phosphate bond.

Other than its direct use as a monomer, glucose can be broken down to synthesize a wide variety of other biomolecules.
This is important, as glucose serves both as a primary store of energy and as a source of organic carbon.
Glucose can be broken down and converted into lipids.
Glucose is also a precursor for the synthesis of other important molecules such as vitamin C (ascorbic acid).
Glucose living organisms, glucose is converted to several other chemical compounds that are the starting material for various metabolic pathways.

Among them, all other monosaccharides such as fructose (via the polyol pathway),mannose (the epimer of glucose at position 2), galactose (the epimer at position 4), fucose, various uronic acids and the amino sugars are produced from glucose.
In addition to the phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate, which is part of the glycolysis, glucose can be oxidized during its degradation to glucono-1,5-lactone. Glucose is used in some bacteria as a building block in the trehalose or the dextran biosynthesis and in animals as a building block of glycogen.
Glucose can also be converted from bacterial xylose isomerase to fructose.
In addition, glucose metabolites produce all nonessential amino acids, sugar alcohols such as mannitol and sorbitol, fatty acids, cholesterol and nucleic acids.
Finally, glucose is used as a building block in the glycosylation of proteins to glycoproteins, glycolipids, peptidoglycans, glycosides and other substances (catalyzed by glycosyltransferases) and can be cleaved from them by glycosidases.

Pathology
Diabetes
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where the body is unable to regulate levels of glucose in the blood either because of a lack of insulin in the body or the failure, by cells in the body, to respond properly to insulin.
Each of these situations can be caused by persistently high elevations of blood glucose levels, through pancreatic burnout and insulin resistance.
Glucose pancreas is the organ responsible for the secretion of the hormones insulin and glucagon.
Insulin is a hormone that regulates glucose levels, allowing the body's cells to absorb and use glucose.

Without it, glucose cannot enter the cell and therefore cannot be used as fuel for the body's functions.
Glucose the pancreas is exposed to persistently high elevations of blood glucose levels, the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas could be damaged, causing a lack of insulin in the body.
Insulin resistance occurs when the pancreas tries to produce more and more insulin in response to persistently elevated blood glucose levels.
Eventually, the rest of the body becomes resistant to the insulin that the pancreas is producing, thereby requiring more insulin to achieve the same blood glucose-lowering effect, and forcing the pancreas to produce even more insulin to compete with the resistance.
This negative spiral contributes to pancreatic burnout, and the disease progression of diabetes.

To monitor the body's response to blood glucose-lowering therapy, glucose levels can be measured.
Blood glucose monitoring can be performed by multiple methods, such as the fasting glucose test which measures the level of glucose in the blood after 8 hours of fasting.
Another test is the 2-hour glucose tolerance test (GTT) – for this test, the person has a fasting glucose test done, then drinks a 75-gram glucose drink and is retested.
This test measures the ability of the person's body to process glucose.
Over time the blood glucose levels should decrease as insulin allows it to be taken up by cells and exit the blood stream.

Hypoglycemia management

Glucose, 5% solution for infusions
Individuals with diabetes or other conditions that result in low blood sugar often carry small amounts of sugar in various forms.
One sugar commonly used is glucose, often in the form of glucose tablets (glucose pressed into a tablet shape sometimes with one or more other ingredients as a binder), hard candy, or sugar packet.

Sources

Glucose tablets
Most dietary carbohydrates contain glucose, either as their only building block (as in the polysaccharides starch and glycogen), or together with another monosaccharide (as in the hetero-polysaccharides sucrose and lactose).
Unbounded glucose is one of the main ingredients of honey.
Glucose is extremely abundant and has been isolated from a variety of natural sources across the world, including male cones of the coniferous tree Wollemia nobilis in Rome, the roots of Ilex asprella plants in China, and straws from rice in California.

Commercial production
Glucose is produced industrially from starch by enzymatic hydrolysis using glucose amylase or by the use of acids.
Glucose enzymatic hydrolysis has largely displaced the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.
Glucose result is glucose syrup (enzymatically with more than 90% glucose in the dry matter) with an annual worldwide production volume of 20 million tonnes (as of 2011).
This is the reason for the former common name "starch sugar".

The amylases most often come from Bacillus licheniformis or Bacillus subtilis (strain MN-385), which are more thermostable than the originally used enzymes.
Starting in 1982, pullulanases from Aspergillus niger were used in the production of glucose syrup to convert amylopectin to starch (amylose), thereby increasing the yield of glucose.
Glucose reaction is carried out at a pH = 4.6–5.2 and a temperature of 55–60 °C.
Corn syrup has between 20% and 95% glucose in the dry matter.
The Japanese form of the glucose syrup, Mizuame, is made from sweet potato or rice starch.
Maltodextrin contains about 20% glucose.

Many crops can be used as the source of starch.
Maize,rice,wheat,cassava,potato, barley, sweet potato,corn husk and sago are all used in various parts of the world.
In the United States, corn starch (from maize) is used almost exclusively.
Some commercial glucose occurs as a component of invert sugar, a roughly 1:1 mixture of glucose and fructose that is produced from sucrose.
In principle, cellulose could be hydrolysed to glucose, but this process is not yet commercially practical.

Conversion to fructose
Main article: isoglucose
In the USA almost exclusively corn (more precisely: corn syrup) is used as glucose source for the production of isoglucose, which is a mixture of glucose and fructose, since fructose has a higher sweetening power — with same physiological calorific value of 374 kilocalories per 100 g.
The annual world production of isoglucose is 8 million tonnes (as of 2011).
When made from corn syrup, the final product is high fructose corn syrup (HFCS).

Commercial usage
Relative sweetness of various sugars in comparison with sucrose
Glucose is mainly used for the production of fructose and in the production of glucose-containing foods.
Glucose foods, it is used as a sweetener, humectant, to increase the volume and to create a softer mouthfeel.
Various sources of glucose, such as grape juice (for wine) or malt (for beer), are used for fermentation to ethanol during the production of alcoholic beverages.

Most soft drinks in the US use HFCS-55 (with a fructose content of 55% in the dry mass), while most other HFCS-sweetened foods in the US use HFCS-42 (with a fructose content of 42% in the dry mass).
Glucose the neighboring country Mexico, on the other hand, cane sugar is used in the soft drink as a sweetener, which has a higher sweetening power.
In addition, glucose syrup is used, inter alia, in the production of confectionery such as candies, toffee and fondant.
Typical chemical reactions of glucose when heated under water-free conditions are the caramelization and, in presence of amino acids, the maillard reaction.

In addition, various organic acids can be biotechnologically produced from glucose, for example by fermentation with Clostridium thermoaceticum to produce acetic acid, with Penicillium notatum for the production of araboascorbic acid, with Rhizopus delemar for the production of fumaric acid, with Aspergillus niger for the production of gluconic acid, with Candida brumptii to produce isocitric acid, with Aspergillus terreus for the production of itaconic acid, with Pseudomonas fluorescens for the production of 2-ketogluconic acid, with Gluconobacter suboxydans for the production of 5-ketogluconic acid, with Aspergillus oryzae for the production of kojic acid, with Lactobacillus delbrueckii for the production of lactic acid, with Lactobacillus brevis for the production of malic acid, with Propionibacter shermanii for the production of propionic acid, with Pseudomonas aeruginosa for the production of pyruvic acid and with Gluconobacter suboxydans for the production of tartaric acid Potent, bioactive natural products like triptolide that inhibit mammalian transcription via inhibition of the XPB subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIH has been recently reported as a glucose conjugate for targeting hypoxic cancer cells with increased glucose transporter expression.
Recently, glucose has been gaining commercial use as a key component of "kits" containing lactic acid and insulin intended to induce hypoglycemia and hyperlactatemia to combat different cancers and infections.

Analysis
Specifically, when a glucose molecule is to be detected at a certain position in a larger molecule, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography analysis or lectin immunostaining is performed with concanavalin A reporter enzyme conjugate (that binds only glucose or mannose).

Classical qualitative detection reactions
These reactions have only historical significance:

Fehling test
Glucose Fehling test is a classic method for the detection of aldoses.
Due to mutarotation, glucose is always present to a small extent as an open-chain aldehyde.
By adding the Fehling reagents (Fehling (I) solution and Fehling (II) solution), the aldehyde group is oxidized to a carboxylic acid, while the Cu2+ tartrate complex is reduced to Cu+ and forms a brick red precipitate (Cu2O).

Tollens test
Glucose the Tollens test, after addition of ammoniacal AgNO3 to the sample solution, Ag+ is reduced by glucose to elemental silver.

Barfoed test
Glucose Barfoed's test, a solution of dissolved copper acetate, sodium acetate and acetic acid is added to the solution of the sugar to be tested and subsequently heated in a water bath for a few minutes.
Glucose and other monosaccharides rapidly produce a reddish color and reddish brown copper(I) oxide (Cu2O).

Nylander's test
As a reducing sugar, glucose reacts in the Nylander's test.

Other tests
Upon heating a dilute potassium hydroxide solution with glucose to 100 °C, a strong reddish browning and a caramel-like odor develops.
Concentrated sulfuric acid dissolves dry glucose without blackening at room temperature forming sugar sulfuric acid.
Glucose a yeast solution, alcoholic fermentation produces carbon dioxide in the ratio of 2.0454 molecules of glucose to one molecule of CO2.
Glucose forms a black mass with stannous chloride.
Glucose an ammoniacal silver solution, glucose (as well as lactose and dextrin) leads to the deposition of silver.
Glucose an ammoniacal lead acetate solution, white lead glycoside is formed in the presence of glucose, which becomes less soluble on cooking and turns brown.
Glucose an ammoniacal copper solution, yellow copper oxide hydrate is formed with glucose at room temperature, while red copper oxide is formed during boiling (same with dextrin, except for with an ammoniacal copper acetate solution).
With Hager's reagent, glucose forms mercury oxide during boiling.
An alkaline bismuth solution is used to precipitate elemental, black-brown bismuth with glucose.
Glucose boiled in an ammonium molybdate solution turns the solution blue.
A solution with indigo carmine and sodium carbonate destains when boiled with glucose.

Instrumental quantification
Refractometry and polarimetry
In concentrated solutions of glucose with a low proportion of other carbohydrates, its concentration can be determined with a polarimeter.
For sugar mixtures, the concentration can be determined with a refractometer, for example in the Oechsle determination in the course of the production of wine.

Photometric enzymatic methods in solution
Main article: Glucose oxidation reaction
The enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) converts glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide while consuming oxygen.
Another enzyme, peroxidase, catalyzes a chromogenic reaction (Trinder reaction) of phenol with 4-aminoantipyrine to a purple dye.

Photometric test-strip method
Glucose test-strip method employs the above-mentioned enzymatic conversion of glucose to gluconic acid to form hydrogen peroxide.
Glucose reagents are immobilised on a polymer matrix, the so-called test strip, which assumes a more or less intense color.
This can be measured reflectometrically at 510 nm with the aid of an LED-based handheld photometer.
Glucose allows routine blood sugar determination by laymen.
In addition to the reaction of phenol with 4-aminoantipyrine, new chromogenic reactions have been developed that allow photometry at higher wavelengths (550 nm, 750 nm).
Amperometric glucose sensor

Glucose electroanalysis of glucose is also based on the enzymatic reaction mentioned above.
Glucose produced hydrogen peroxide can be amperometrically quantified by anodic oxidation at a potential of 600 mV.
Glucose GOx is immobilised on the electrode surface or in a membrane placed close to the electrode.
Precious metals such as platinum or gold are used in electrodes, as well as carbon nanotube electrodes, which e.g. are doped with boron.
Cu–CuO nanowires are also used as enzyme-free amperometric electrodes.
This way a detection limit of 50 µmol/L has been achieved.
A particularly promising method is the so-called "enzyme wiring".
In this case, the electron flowing during the oxidation is transferred directly from the enzyme via a molecular wire to the electrode.

Other sensory methods
There are a variety of other chemical sensors for measuring glucose.
Given the importance of glucose analysis in the life sciences, numerous optical probes have also been developed for saccharides based on the use of boronic acids, which are particularly useful for intracellular sensory applications where other (optical) methods are not or only conditionally usable.
In addition to the organic boronic acid derivatives, which often bind highly specifically to the 1,2-diol groups of sugars, there are also other probe concepts classified by functional mechanisms which use selective glucose-binding proteins (e.g. concanavalin A) as a receptor.
Furthermore, methods were developed which indirectly detect the glucose concentration via the concentration of metabolised products, e.g. by the consumption of oxygen using fluorescence-optical sensors.
Finally, there are enzyme-based concepts that use the intrinsic absorbance or fluorescence of (fluorescence-labeled) enzymes as reporters.
Copper iodometry
Glucose can be quantified by copper iodometry.

Chromatographic methods
Glucose particular, for the analysis of complex mixtures containing glucose, e.g. in honey, chromatographic methods such as high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography are often used in combination with mass spectrometry.
Taking into account the isotope ratios, it is also possible to reliably detect honey adulteration by added sugars with these methods.
Derivatisation using silylation reagents is commonly used.
Also, the proportions of di- and trisaccharides can be quantified.

Glucose vivo analysis
Glucose uptake in cells of organisms is measured with 2-deoxy-D-glucose or fluorodeoxyglucose.
(18F)fluorodeoxyglucose is used as a tracer in positron emission tomography in oncology and neurology,where it is by far the most commonly used diagnostic agent.

So what is glucose, exactly?
Glucose the simplest of the carbohydrates, making it a monosaccharide.
Glucose means it has one sugar.
Glucose not alone.
Other monosaccharides include fructose, galactose, and ribose.

Along with fat, glucose is one of the body’s preferred sources of fuel in the form of carbohydrates.
People get glucose from bread, fruits, vegetables, and dairy products.
You need food to create the energy that helps keep you alive.

While glucose is important, like with so many things, it’s best in moderation.
Glucose levels that are unhealthy or out of control can have permanent and serious effects.

How does the body process glucose?
Our body processes glucose multiple times a day, ideally.

When we eat, our body immediately starts working to process glucose.
Enzymes start the breakdown process with help from the pancreas.
Glucose pancreas, which produces hormones including insulin, is an integral part of how our body deals with glucose.
When we eat, our body tips the pancreas off that it needs to release insulin to deal with the rising blood sugar level.

Identifiers
CAS Number:50-99-7
492-62-6 (α-d-glucopyranose)
3DMet:B01203
Abbreviations: Glc
Beilstein Reference: 1281604
ChEBI: CHEBI:4167
ChEMBL:ChEMBL1222250
ChemSpider:5589
EC Number:200-075-1
Gmelin Reference: 83256
IUPHAR/BPS:4536
KEGG:C00031
MeSH: Glucose
PubChem CID:5793
RTECS number:LZ6600000
UNII :
5SL0G7R0OK
5J5I9EB41E (α-d-glucopyranose)

Properties
Chemical formula: C6H12O6
Molar mass: 180.156 g/mol
Appearance: White powder
Density :1.54 g/cm3
Melting point: α-d-Glucose: 146 °C (295 °F; 419 K)
β-d-Glucose: 150 °C (302 °F; 423 K)
Solubility in water: 909 g/L (25 °C (77 °F))
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −101.5×10−6 cm3/mol
Dipole moment: 8.6827

Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C): 218.6 J/(K·mol)[1]
Std molar entropy :(So298) 209.2 J/(K·mol)[1]
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −1271 kJ/mol[2]
Heat of combustion, higher value (HHV): 2,805 kJ/mol (670 kcal/mol)

Pharmacology
ATC code: B05CX01 (WHO) V04CA02 (WHO), V06DC01 (WHO)

glucose, also called dextrose, one of a group of carbohydrates known as simple sugars (monosaccharides).
Glucose (from Greek glykys; “sweet”) has the molecular formula C6H12O6.
Glucose is found in fruits and honey and is the major free sugar circulating in the blood of higher animals.
Glucose is the source of energy in cell function, and the regulation of its metabolism is of great importance (see fermentation; gluconeogenesis).
Molecules of starch, the major energy-reserve carbohydrate of plants, consist of thousands of linear glucose units.
Another major compound composed of glucose is cellulose, which is also linear.
Dextrose is the molecule D-glucose.
A related molecule in animals is glycogen, the reserve carbohydrate in most vertebrate and invertebrate animal cells, as well as those of numerous fungi and protozoans.
See also polysaccharide.

What is glucose?
You may know glucose by another name: blood sugar.
Glucose is key to keeping the mechanisms of the body in top working order.
When our glucose levels are optimal, it often goes unnoticed.
But when they stray from recommended boundaries, you’ll notice the unhealthy effect it has on normal functioning.

Some people, however, can’t rely on their pancreas to jump in and do the work it’s supposed to do.

One way diabetes occurs is when the pancreas doesn’t produce insulin in the way it should.
Glucose this case, people need outside help (insulin injections) to process and regulate glucose in the body.
Another cause of diabetes is insulin resistance, where the liver doesn’t recognize insulin that’s in the body and continues to make inappropriate amounts of glucose.
The liver is an important organ for sugar control, as it helps with glucose storage and makes glucose when necessary.

Glucose the body doesn’t produce enough insulin, it can result in the release of free fatty acids from fat stores.
This can lead to a condition called ketoacidosis.
Ketones, waste products created when the liver breaks down fat, can be toxic in large quantities.

How do you test your glucose?
Testing glucose levels is especially important for people with diabetes.
Most people with the condition are used to dealing with blood sugar checks as part of their daily routine.

One of the most common ways to test glucose at home involves a very simple blood test.
A finger prick, usually using a small needle called a lancet, produces a drop that is put onto a test strip.
The strip is put into a meter, which measures blood sugar levels.
Glucose can usually give you a reading in under 20 seconds.

What Is Glucose?
By Stephanie Watson
Medically Reviewed by Carol DerSarkissian, MD on June 13, 2020
IN THIS ARTICLE
How Your Body Makes Glucose
Energy and Storage
Blood Glucose Levels and Diabetes
Glucose comes from the Greek word for "sweet."
It's a type of sugar you get from foods you eat, and your body uses it for energy.
As it travels through your bloodstream to your cells, it's called blood glucose or blood sugar.

Insulin is a hormone that moves glucose from your blood into the cells for energy and storage.
People with diabetes have higher-than-normal levels of glucose in their blood.
Either they don't have enough insulin to move it through or their cells don't respond to insulin as well as they should.

High blood glucose for a long period of time can damage your kidneys, eyes, and other organs.

How Your Body Makes Glucose
Glucose mainly comes from foods rich in carbohydrates, like bread, potatoes, and fruit.
As you eat, food travels down your esophagus to your stomach. There, acids and enzymes break it down into tiny pieces.
During that process, glucose is released.

Glucose goes into your intestines where it's absorbed. From there, it passes into your bloodstream.
Once in the blood, insulin helps glucose get to your cells.


Energy and Storage
Your body is designed to keep the level of glucose in your blood constant.
Beta cells in your pancreas monitor your blood sugar level every few seconds.
When your blood glucose rises after you eat, the beta cells release insulin into your bloodstream.
Insulin acts like a key, unlocking muscle, fat, and liver cells so glucose can get inside them.

Most of the cells in your body use glucose along with amino acids (the building blocks of protein) and fats for energy.
But it's the main source of fuel for your brain.
Nerve cells and chemical messengers there need it to help them process information.
Without it, your brain wouldn't be able to work well.

After your body has used the energy it needs, the leftover glucose is stored in little bundles called glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Your body can store enough to fuel you for about a day.

After you haven't eaten for a few hours, your blood glucose level drops.
Your pancreas stops churning out insulin. Alpha cells in the pancreas begin to produce a different hormone called glucagon.
Glucose signals the liver to break down stored glycogen and turn it back into glucose.

That travels to your bloodstream to replenish your supply until you're able to eat again.
Your liver can also make its own glucose using a combination of waste products, amino acids, and fats.

Blood Glucose Levels and Diabetes
Your blood sugar level normally rises after you eat.
Then it dips a few hours later as insulin moves glucose into your cells.
Between meals, your blood sugar should be less than 100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dl).
Glucose is called your fasting blood sugar level.

There are two types of diabetes:
Glucose type 1 diabetes, your body doesn't have enough insulin.
Glucose immune system attacks and destroys cells of the pancreas, where insulin is made.
Glucose type 2 diabetes, the cells don't respond to insulin like they should.
So the pancreas needs to make more and more insulin to move glucose into the cells.
Eventually, the pancreas is damaged and can't make enough insulin to meet the body's needs.
Without enough insulin, glucose can't move into the cells. The blood glucose level stays high.
A level over 200 mg/dl 2 hours after a meal or over 125 mg/dl fasting is high blood glucose, called hyperglycemia.

Too much glucose in your bloodstream for a long period of time can damage the vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood to your organs.
High blood sugar can increase your risk for:

Heart disease, heart attack, and stroke
Kidney disease
Nerve damage
Eye disease called retinopathy
People with diabetes need to test their blood sugar often. Exercise, diet, and medicine can help keep blood glucose in a healthy range and prevent these complications.

Description
Catalogue Number: 346351
Brand Family: Calbiochem®
Synonyms :Dextrose, α-D-Glucose
Product Information
CAS number: 50-99-7
Form :White powder
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₂O₆
Chemical formula: C₆H₁₂O₆
Quality Level: MQ100
Physicochemical :Information
Contaminants :Maltose: ≤0.2%; heavy metals: ≤0.001%
Safety :Information according to GHS
RTECS LZ6600000
Storage and Shipping Information
Ship Code: Ambient Temperature Only
Toxicity: Standard Handling
Storage +15°C to +30°C
Do not freeze :Ok to freeze
Special Instructions: Following reconstitution, filter-sterilize and store at room temperature.
Stock solutions are stable for several months at room temperature.


What is a blood glucose test?
A blood glucose test is a blood test that screens for diabetes by measuring the level of glucose (sugar) in a person’s blood.

Who is most at risk for developing diabetes?
The following categories of people are considered "high-risk" candidates for developing diabetes:

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas.
Glucose job is to move glucose from the bloodstream into the cells of tissues.
After you eat, the level of glucose in the blood rises sharply.
The pancreas responds by releasing enough insulin to handle the increased level of glucose — moving the glucose out of the blood and into cells.
This helps return the blood glucose level to its former, lower level.

If a person has diabetes, two situations may cause the blood sugar to increase:

The pancreas does not make enough insulin
The insulin does not work properly
As a result of either of these situations, the blood sugar level remains high, a condition called hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus.
Glucose left undiagnosed and untreated, the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, blood vessels and other organs can be damaged.
Measuring your blood glucose levels allows you and your doctor to know if you have, or are at risk for, developing diabetes.

Much less commonly, the opposite can happen too.
Too low a level of blood sugar, a condition called hypoglycemia, can be caused by the presence of too much insulin or by other hormone disorders or liver disease.

How do I prepare for the plasma glucose level test and how are the results interpreted?
To get an accurate plasma glucose level, you must have fasted (not eaten or had anything to drink except water) for at least 8 hours prior to the test.
When you report to the clinic or laboratory, a small sample of blood will be taken from a vein in your arm.
According to the practice recommendations of the American Diabetes Association, the results of the blood test are interpreted as follows:

Fasting blood glucose level
If your blood glucose level is 70 to 99* mg/dL (3.9 to 5.5 mmol/L). . .
What it means: Your glucose level is within the normal range
If your blood glucose level is 100 to 125 mg/dL (5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L). . .
What it means: You have an impaired fasting glucose level (pre-diabetes**) . . .
If your blood glucose level is 126 mg/dl (7.0 mmol/L ) or higher on more than one testing occasion
What it means: You have diabetes

Glucose is a monosaccharide and is the primary metabolite for energy production in the body.
Complex carbohydrates are ultimately broken down in the digestive system into glucose and other monosaccharides, such as fructose or galactose, prior to absorption in the small intestine; of note, insulin is not required for the uptake of glucose by the intestinal cells.
Glucose is transported into the cells by an active, energy-requiring process that involves a specific transport protein and requires a concurrent uptake of sodium ions.

In the blood circulation, the concentration of glucose is tightly regulated by hormones such as insulin, cortisol, and glucagon, which regulate glucose entry into cells and affect various metabolic processes such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and glycogenolysis.

Glucose belongs to the family of carbohydrates.
Glucose is a monosaccharide (simple sugar) naturally present in all living beings on Earth and is their most important source of energy.
Glucose is found in high quantities in fruit (including berries), vegetables and honey.
When combined with other monosaccharides, such as fructose, it forms sucrose (table sugar) and lactose.
Two glucose molecules form maltose, a disaccharide resulting from the hydrolysis of cereal starch.
Maltose has slightly less sweetening power than sucrose.
Athletes use it for a quick supply of energy, whereas in bakeries it is useful for the fermentation of leavened dough. Maltose is also found in the germinated cereal grains used to make many types of beer.

Starch consists of a large number of glucose molecules linked to each other in long chains.
Cellulose is a polysaccharide made up of complex chains of starch. Unlike herbivorous mammals, the human body is unable to digest cellulose, so it serves as roughage in our diet.

Glc concentrations in tissues and body fluids are stabilized by many diverse mechanisms, many of which involve the action of specific hormones.
Overall homeostasis is maintained through directing the flux of Glc to or from glycogen stores, balancing glycolysis versus gluconeogenesis, and promoting protein catabolism in times of need.

History
Glucose was first isolated from raisins in 1747 by the German chemist Andreas Marggraf.
Glucose was discovered in grapes by another German chemist – Johann Tobias Lowitz in 1792, and distinguished as being different from cane sugar (sucrose).
Glucose is the term coined by Jean Baptiste Dumas in 1838, which has prevailed in the chemical literature.
Friedrich August Kekulé proposed the term dextrose (from Latin dexter = right), because in aqueous solution of glucose, the plane of linearly polarized light is turned to the right.
In contrast, d-fructose (a ketohexose) and l-glucose turn linearly polarized light to the left.
The earlier notation according to the rotation of the plane of linearly polarized light (d and l-nomenclature) was later abandoned in favor of the d- and l-notation, which refers to the absolute configuration of the asymmetric center farthest from the carbonyl group, and in concordance with the configuration of d- or l-glyceraldehyde.

Since glucose is a basic necessity of many organisms, a correct understanding of its chemical makeup and structure contributed greatly to a general advancement in organic chemistry.
This understanding occurred largely as a result of the investigations of Emil Fischer, a German chemist who received the 1902 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his findings.
The synthesis of glucose established the structure of organic material and consequently formed the first definitive validation of Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff's theories of chemical kinetics and the arrangements of chemical bonds in carbon-bearing molecules.
Between 1891 and 1894, Fischer established the stereochemical configuration of all the known sugars and correctly predicted the possible isomers, applying Van 't Hoff's theory of asymmetrical carbon atoms.
The names initially referred to the natural substances. Their enantiomers were given the same name with the introduction of systematic nomenclatures, taking into account absolute stereochemistry (e.g. Fischer nomenclature, d/l nomenclature).

For the discovery of the metabolism of glucose Otto Meyerhof received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1922.
Hans von Euler-Chelpin was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry along with Arthur Harden in 1929 for their "research on the fermentation of sugar and their share of enzymes in this process".
In 1947, Bernardo Houssay (for his discovery of the role of the pituitary gland in the metabolism of glucose and the derived carbohydrates) as well as Carl and Gerty Cori (for their discovery of the conversion of glycogen from glucose) received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
In 1970, Luis Leloir was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of glucose-derived sugar nucleotides in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates.
Chemical properties
Glucose forms white or colorless solids that are highly soluble in water and acetic acid but poorly soluble in methanol and ethanol.
Glucose melt at 146 °C (295 °F) (α) and 150 °C (302 °F) (β), and decompose starting at 188 °C (370 °F) with release of various volatile products, ultimately leaving a residue of carbon.
Glucose has a dissociation exponent (pK) of 12.16 at 25˚C in methanol and water.

With six carbon atoms, it is classed as a hexose, a subcategory of the monosaccharides. d-Glucose is one of the sixteen aldohexose stereoisomers.
Glucose d-isomer, d-glucose, also known as dextrose, occurs widely in nature, but the l-isomer, l-glucose, does not.
Glucose can be obtained by hydrolysis of carbohydrates such as milk sugar (lactose), cane sugar (sucrose), maltose, cellulose, glycogen, etc. Dextrose is commonly commercially manufactured from cornstarch in the US and Japan, from potato and wheat starch in Europe, and from tapioca starch in tropical areas.
Glucose manufacturing process uses hydrolysis via pressurized steaming at controlled pH in a jet followed by further enzymatic depolymerization.
Unbonded glucose is one of the main ingredients of honey.
All forms of glucose are colorless and easily soluble in water, acetic acid, and several other solvents.
They are only sparingly soluble in methanol and ethanol.

Structure and nomenclature

Mutarotation of glucose.
Glucose is usually present in solid form as a monohydrate with a closed pyran ring (dextrose hydrate).
Glucose aqueous solution, on the other hand, it is an open-chain to a small extent and is present predominantly as α- or β-pyranose, which interconvert (see mutarotation).
From aqueous solutions, the three known forms can be crystallized: α-glucopyranose, β-glucopyranose and β-glucopyranose hydrate.
Glucose is a building block of the disaccharides lactose and sucrose (cane or beet sugar), of oligosaccharides such as raffinose and of polysaccharides such as starch and amylopectin, glycogen or cellulose.
The glass transition temperature of glucose is 31 °C and the Gordon–Taylor constant (an experimentally determined constant for the prediction of the glass transition temperature for different mass fractions of a mixture of two substances) is 4.5.

From left to right: Haworth projections and ball-and-stick structures of the α- and β- anomers of D-glucopyranose (top row) and D-glucofuranose (bottom row)
In solutions, the open-chain form of glucose (either "D-" or "L-") exists in equilibrium with several cyclic isomers, each containing a ring of carbons closed by one oxygen atom.
In aqueous solution, however, more than 99% of glucose molecules exist as pyranose forms.
Glucose open-chain form is limited to about 0.25%, and furanose forms exist in negligible amounts.
The terms "glucose" and "D-glucose" are generally used for these cyclic forms as well.
The ring arises from the open-chain form by an intramolecular nucleophilic addition reaction between the aldehyde group (at C-1) and either the C-4 or C-5 hydroxyl group, forming a hemiacetal linkage, −C(OH)H−O−.

Glucose reaction between C-1 and C-5 yields a six-membered heterocyclic system called a pyranose, which is a monosaccharide sugar (hence "-ose") containing a derivatised pyran skeleton.
Glucose (much rarer) reaction between C-1 and C-4 yields a five-membered furanose ring, named after the cyclic ether furan.
In either case, each carbon in the ring has one hydrogen and one hydroxyl attached, except for the last carbon (C-4 or C-5) where the hydroxyl is replaced by the remainder of the open molecule (which is −(C(CH2OH)HOH)−H or −(CHOH)−H respectively).
Glucose ring-closing reaction can give two products, denoted "α-" and "β-" When a glucopyranose molecule is drawn in the Haworth projection, the designation "α-" means that the hydroxyl group attached to C-1 and the −CH2OH group at C-5 lies on opposite sides of the ring's plane (a trans arrangement), while "β-" means that they are on the same side of the plane (a cis arrangement).
Therefore, the open-chain isomer D-glucose gives rise to four distinct cyclic isomers: α-D-glucopyranose, β-D-glucopyranose, α-D-glucofuranose, and β-D-glucofuranose.
These five structures exist in equilibrium and interconvert, and the interconversion is much more rapid with acid catalysis.

Glucose other open-chain isomer L-glucose similarly gives rise to four distinct cyclic forms of L-glucose, each the mirror image of the corresponding D-glucose.

The glucopyranose ring (α or β) can assume several non-planar shapes, analogous to the "chair" and "boat" conformations of cyclohexane.
Similarly, the glucofuranose ring may assume several shapes, analogous to the "envelope" conformations of cyclopentane.

In the solid state, only the glucopyranose forms are observed.

Some derivatives of glucofuranose, such as 1,2-O-isopropylidene-d-glucofuranose are stable and can be obtained pure as crystalline solids.
For example, reaction of α-D-glucose with para-tolylboronic acid H3C−(C6H4)−B(OH)2 reforms the normal pyranose ring to yield the 4-fold ester α-D-glucofuranose-1,2∶3,5-bis(p-tolylboronate).

Mutarotation

Mutarotation: d-glucose molecules exist as cyclic hemiacetals that are epimeric (= diastereomeric) to each other.
Glucoseepimeric ratio α:β is 36:64. In the α-D-glucopyranose (left), the blue-labelled hydroxy group is in the axial position at the anomeric centre, whereas in the β-D-glucopyranose (right) the blue-labelled hydroxy group is in equatorial position at the anomeric centre.
Mutarotation consists of a temporary reversal of the ring-forming reaction, resulting in the open-chain form, followed by a reforming of the ring.
Glucose ring closure step may use a different −OH group than the one recreated by the opening step (thus switching between pyranose and furanose forms), or the new hemiacetal group created on C-1 may have the same or opposite handedness as the original one (thus switching between the α and β forms).
Thus, though the open-chain form is barely detectable in solution, it is an essential component of the equilibrium.

The open-chain form is thermodynamically unstable, and it spontaneously isomerizes to the cyclic forms.
(Although the ring closure reaction could in theory create four- or three-atom rings, these would be highly strained, and are not observed in practice.) In solutions at room temperature, the four cyclic isomers interconvert over a time scale of hours, in a process called mutarotation.
Starting from any proportions, the mixture converges to a stable ratio of α:β 36:64.
Glucose ratio would be α:β 11:89 if it were not for the influence of the anomeric effect.
Mutarotation is considerably slower at temperatures close to 0 °C (32 °F).

Optical activity
Whether in water or the solid form, d-(+)-glucose is dextrorotatory, meaning it will rotate the direction of polarized light clockwise as seen looking toward the light source. The effect is due to the chirality of the molecules, and indeed the mirror-image isomer, l-(−)-glucose, is levorotatory (rotates polarized light counterclockwise) by the same amount.
Glucose strength of the effect is different for each of the five tautomers.

Note that the d- prefix does not refer directly to the optical properties of the compound.
Glucose indicates that the C-5 chiral centre has the same handedness as that of d-glyceraldehyde (which was so labelled because it is dextrorotatory).
The fact that d-glucose is dextrorotatory is a combined effect of its four chiral centres, not just of C-5; and indeed some of the other d-aldohexoses are levorotatory.

Glucose conversion between the two anomers can be observed in a polarimeter since pure α-dglucose has a specific rotation angle of +112.2°·ml/(dm·g), pure β- D- glucose of +17.5°·ml/(dm·g).
When equilibrium has been reached after a certain time due to mutarotation, the angle of rotation is +52.7°·ml/(dm·g).
By adding acid or base, this transformation is much accelerated.
Glucose equilibration takes place via the open-chain aldehyde form.

Isomerisation
In dilute sodium hydroxide or other dilute bases, the monosaccharides mannose, glucose and fructose interconvert (via a Lobry de Bruyn–Alberda–Van Ekenstein transformation), so that a balance between these isomers is formed.
Glucose reaction proceeds via an enediol:

Biochemical properties
Metabolism of common monosaccharides and some biochemical reactions of glucose
Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide.
Glucose is also the most widely used aldohexose in most living organisms.
One possible explanation for this is that glucose has a lower tendency than other aldohexoses to react nonspecifically with the amine groups of proteins.
Glucose reaction—glycation—impairs or destroys the function of many proteins, e.g. in glycated hemoglobin.
Glucose's low rate of glycation can be attributed to its having a more stable cyclic form compared to other aldohexoses, which means it spends less time than they do in its reactive open-chain form.
Glucose reason for glucose having the most stable cyclic form of all the aldohexoses is that its hydroxy groups (with the exception of the hydroxy group on the anomeric carbon of d-glucose) are in the equatorial position.
Presumably, glucose is the most abundant natural monosaccharide because it is less glycated with proteins than other monosaccharides.
Another hypothesis is that glucose, being the only d-aldohexose that has all five hydroxy substituents in the equatorial position in the form of β-d-glucose, is more readily accessible to chemical reactions,: 194, 199 for example, for esterification: 363 or acetal formation.
For this reason, d-glucose is also a highly preferred building block in natural polysaccharides (glycans). Polysaccharides that are composed solely of glucose are termed glucans.

D-Glc
D-Glucopyranose
D-Glucopyranoside
D-Glucose
Glc
Glucopyranose
Glucopyranoside
Glucose
2280-44-6
Grape sugar
D-Glcp
Traubenzucker
Glucose solution
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
CHEBI:4167
Corn sugar
a-D-Glucose
Glucopyranose, D-
DSSTox_CID_2910
Glucodin
Goldsugar
Meritose
Vadex
Clintose L
CPC hydrate
Roferose ST
D-glucose (closed ring structure, complete stereochemistry)
Clearsweet 95
Staleydex 95M
Staleydex 111
(+)-Glucose
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
Cerelose 2001
Tabfine 097(HS)
2h-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
D-Glucopyranose, anhydrous
glc-ring
Cartose Cerelose
D-aGlucopyranose
D-glucose-ring
Glucose injection
Glucose 40
Staleydex 130
EINECS 218-914-5
Glc-OH
Meritose 200
nchembio867-comp4
Glucose (JP17)
6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
Anhydrous Glucose ,(S)
Purified glucose (JP17)
Epitope ID:142342
D-(+)-DEXTROSE
DSSTox_RID_76784
DSSTox_RID_82925
DSSTox_GSID_22910
DSSTox_GSID_48729
GTPL4536
CHEMBL1222250
BDBM34103
DTXSID501015215
DTXSID901015217
Tox21_113165
Tox21_200145
AKOS025147374
NSC 287045
CAS-50-99-7
NCGC00166293-01
NCGC00257699-01
CAS-58367-01-4
G0048
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-
C00031
D00009
Q37525

Regulatory process names
Glucose
Glucose
glucose

IUPAC names
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal
(3R,4S,5S)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
D(+)-Glucose monohydrate
D-Glucose
D-glucose
Dextrose
Glucose
Grape sugar
111688-73-4
162222-91-5
165659-51-8
50-99-7
50933-92-1
5996-10-1
8012-24-6
80206-31-1
8030-23-7

D-Glc
D-Glucopyranose
D-Glucopyranoside
D-Glucose
Glc
Glucopyranose
Glucopyranoside
Glucose
2280-44-6
Grape sugar
D-Glcp
Traubenzucker
Glucose solution
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Dextrose solution
CHEBI:4167
Corn sugar
Glucopyranose, D-
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
DSSTox_CID_2910
Glucodin
Goldsugar
Meritose
54-17-1
Vadex
Clintose L
CPC hydrate
Roferose ST
Glucose Anhydrous
a-D-Glucose
Clearsweet 95
Staleydex 95M
Staleydex 111
(+)-Glucose
Cerelose 200
rel-(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(Hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
Tabfine 097(HS)
2h-pyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
D-Glucopyranose, anhydrous
Liquid glucose
glc-ring
anhydrous glucose
Cartose Cerelose
D-aGlucopyranose
D-glucose-ring
Glucose injection
Glucose 40
Staleydex 130
EINECS 218-914-5
Glc-OH
Meritose 200
nchembio867-comp4
Dextrose, unspecified
Glucose (JP17)
starbld0000491
6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2,3,4,5-tetraol
Anhydrous Glucose ,(S)
Glucose, unspecified form
Dextrose, unspecified form
Purified glucose (JP17)
Epitope ID:142342
D-(+)-DEXTROSE
DSSTox_RID_76784
DSSTox_RID_82925
DSSTox_GSID_22910
DSSTox_GSID_48729
GTPL4536
CHEMBL1222250
BDBM34103
DTXSID501015215
DTXSID901015217
Tox21_113165
Tox21_200145
AKOS025147374
NSC 287045
CAS-50-99-7
NCGC00166293-01
NCGC00257699-01
BS-48662
CAS-58367-01-4
G0048
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-
C00031
D00009
Q37525
Q23905964
N_FULL/O_FULL_10000000000000_GS_656
D-glucose (closed ring structure, complete stereochemistry)
WURCS=2.0/1,1,0/[a2122h-1x_1-5]/1/

GLUCOSE OXIDASE, N° CAS : 9001-37-0 - Glucose oxydase. Nom INCI : GLUCOSE OXIDASE. Nom chimique : Oxidase, glucose. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 232-601-0. Additif alimentaire : E1102 Ses fonctions (INCI): Agent stabilisant : Améliore les ingrédients ou la stabilité de la formulation et la durée de conservation

GLUCOSE PENTAACETATE. N° CAS : 604-68-2 / 3891-59-6. Nom INCI : GLUCOSE PENTAACETATE. Nom chimique : 2,3,4,5,6-Penta-O-acetyl-D-glucose. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 210-073-2 / 223-439-1. Ses fonctions (INCI): Stabilisateur d'émulsion : Favorise le processus d'émulsification et améliore la stabilité et la durée de conservation de l'émulsion

GLUCURONIC ACID, N° CAS : 576-37-4. Nom INCI : GLUCURONIC ACID. Nom chimique : Glucuronic acid. N° EINECS/ELINCS : 209-401-7. Ses fonctions (INCI). Régulateur de pH : Stabilise le pH des cosmétiques. Agent de chélation : Réagit et forme des complexes avec des ions métalliques qui pourraient affecter la stabilité et / ou l'apparence des produits cosmétiques. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau

Glucose-fructose Syrup, also known as glucose–fructose, isoglucose and glucose–fructose syrup, is a sweetener made from corn starch.
As in the production of conventional corn syrup, the starch is broken down into glucose by enzymes.
To make Glucose-fructose Syrup, the corn syrup is further processed by D-xylose isomerase to convert some of its glucose into fructose.



Fructose Glucose Syrup, High Fructose Corn Syrup, High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS),



Glucose-fructose Syrup was first marketed in the early 1970s by the Clinton Corn Processing Company, together with the Japanese Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, where the enzyme was discovered in 1965.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a highly refined and concentrated solution of fructose, dextrose, maltose and higher saccharides.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is obtained by acid or enzymatic hydrolysis of corn or wheat starch.
When Glucose-fructose Syrup is made from corn, it is often called High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS).
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a plant-based sugar, made from grains.


EU starch manufacturers only use conventional (nonGMO) wheat and maize which are almost exclusively domestically produced.
Unlike glucose syrup which contains no fructose, Glucose-fructose Syrup is made up of two simple sugars: glucose and fructose.
Unlike sucrose (white sugar), which has a 50% fructose / 50% glucose content, its fructose content may vary.


The EU, which has a high volume and variety of agricultural crops, produces sugar from beet crops (sucrose) and from grains, for example glucosefructose syrup.
These are used in a number of different drinks and food products, not only for their sweetening properties but also for additional useful properties which make them an important ingredient in certain recipes.


Glucose-fructose Syrup comes in liquid form which makes it easier to mix with products such as drinks, than solid sugars.
Glucose-fructose Syrup can provide texture, volume, taste, glossiness, improved stability and a longer shelf-life for the products to which it is added.
Glucose-fructose Syrup also adds sweetness, at a level somewhere between glucose syrup and sucrose, in accordance with its fructose content.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is a sugar of natural origin.
In the EU Glucose-fructose Syrup is derived from (non-GMO) wheat and maize starch.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a high-quality ingredient produced in EU starch manufacturing plants, employing over 15,000 workers.


Their raw materials are sourced almost exclusively from EU crops.
The average composition of Glucose-fructose Syrup in the EU is 70-80% glucose and 20-30% fructose.
The average consumption of fructose from Glucose-fructose Syrup sources in France is just 2g per person per day (of a daily total of 42g).


Glucose-fructose Syrup is part of the carbohydrates food group.
They have a calorific value of 4 kcal/g.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends that carbohydrates form 45-60% of our overall energy intake, stating that “enjoyed occasionally and in reasonable quantity, sweetened products are compatible with a balanced diet”.


Scientific studies have examined the effect of Glucose-fructose Syrup consumption on health.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is derived from corn or wheat starch – give food and beverages sweetness, nutritive, sensory and physical properties.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is an aqueous syrup containing glucose, fructose, maltose and oligosaccharides.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is obtained from starch by enzymatic hydrolysis.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a clear and colourless liquid, with low viscosity.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is the purified and condensed natural glucose-fructose syrup, which contains fructose, is obtained after the hydrolysis of corn starch.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is clear, colorless and odorless.
It is the purified and condensed natural glucose-fructose syrup is obtained after the hydrolysis of corn starch.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is clear, colorless and natural.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is a source of fermentable carbohydrates.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a transparent to light yellow liquid that is slightly viscous and has a clean, sweet taste.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a sweet liquid which is made of glucose and fructose.


The content of fructose may vary from 5% to 50%.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a natural sugar found in honey, fruits and some root vegetables.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is extremely user-friendly, as it comes in a handy squeeze bottle.


The anti-drip drop also guarantees Glucose-fructose Syrup will last a long time.
By an enzymatic process, the syrup rich in D-Glucose is isomerized obtaining Glucose-fructose Syrups.
Glucose-fructose Syrups include several products with varying concentrations of glucose and fructose.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is available with varying content of fructose.
Fructose has a higher sweetening power than glucose and a faster-released sweetness profile.
Glucose-Fructose syrup is a natural sweetener, a homogeneous, colorless, viscous odorless liquid with a pure sweet taste.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is obtained from wheat starch by its sequential enzymatic liquification and saccharification to high glucose content with partial isomerization of it into fructose.
The concentration of dry substances in the Glucose-fructose Syrup is 77%, of which the content of fructose for dry substances is 55%, glucose – 38%.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is a natural sweetener, produced fromcorn by successive enzymatic dilution and saccharification ofstarch to a high glucose syrup.
After the part of the glucose has been conversed to a fructose, the syrup is put to purification byion-exchange processes, disinfected on bactericidal filters with the dimension of pores 0,45 um. and concentrated.


Glucose-fructose Syrup contains glucose, fructose, disaccharide- maltose.
Glucose-fructose Syrup doesn't content artificial and synthetic substances as well as food additives.
In the production process Glucose-fructose Syrupnot used a genetically modified raw materialand the final product is of permanent guaranteed quality.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
Thanks to its sweet taste, Glucose-fructose Syrup is used as a sugar substitute.
As a sweetener, Glucose-fructose Syrup is often compared to granulated sugar, but manufacturing advantages of Glucose-fructose Syrup over sugar include that it is cheaper.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is mainly used for processed foods and breakfast cereals.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is designed to be used in the manufacture of
certain products.


Glucose-fructose Syrup has complementary properties to white sugar (sucrose).
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a simple carbohydrate.
Sugars, in common with all foodstuffs, should be consumed in reasonable quantities and as part of a healthy, varied diet and in accordance with the body’s physical demands.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is used jam, halvah, Turkish delight, confectionery, ice cream, desserts, jellies, bakery products, marmalade.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is used Food, Bakery Products and Biscuits, Halvah, Ice Cream, Jam and Marmalade, Jellies.
The main reasons for using Glucose-fructose Syrup in foods and drinks are its sweetness and the ability to blend nicely with other ingredients.


Interestingly, Glucose-fructose Syrup can be also used in place of additives for food preservation (an effect also observed with table sugar).
This helps to fulfil the needs of consumers when they desire products without additives.
Apart from better stability, Glucose-fructose Syrup can also improve the texture, prevent crystallisation, and help to achieve desired consistency (crispy versus moist).


In Europe, sucrose is still the main caloric sweetener used in the production of food and drinks.
The production of Glucose-fructose Syrup in the EU was regulated by the European Sugar Regime and was limited to 5% of total sugar production.
However, in October 2017 the regime ended, and the production of Glucose-fructose Syrup is estimated to increase from 0,7 to 2,3 million tonnes a year.


As a consequence, in the future, Glucose-fructose Syrup may replace sucrose in certain products, mainly in liquid or semi-solid foods, such as drinks and ice cream.
Glucose-fructose Syrup will continue being used for confectionery, jams and preserves, baked goods, cereal products, dairy products, condiments and canned and packed goods.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is a sweetening ingredient widely used in a variety of food products.
In the US, Glucose-fructose Syrup (or HFCS) is more commonly used than in Europe, typically in soft drinks where the HFCS with fructose content of at least 42% is used.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is used fruit juices, soft drink, energy drink, biscuits, bakery products, cakes, caramel, sauce, ketchup and narghile tobacco
Glucose-fructose Syrup is used fillings bakery products pastries confectionery fruit mixtures ice cream fruit juice and concentrate jam gingerbread
Glucose-fructose Syrup can be used in place of additives for food preservation.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is used as a sweetner in canned fruits, flavoured yogurts, jams and other baked food products.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is used as a sweetener, a replacement for sucrose, and to enhance flavor.
Glucose-fructose Syrup can be used to in the production of beverages, processed fruit, sweet bakery, ice creams, dairy desserts, puddings, yogurts and fermented drinks, as well as sauces and dressings.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is used in functional foods and nutrition applications.
Glucose-Fructose Syrup is used in making jam, halvah, Turkish delight, confectionery, ice cream, jellies, bakery products, marmelade.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is indispensable basic ingredients for every chef.


With Glucose-fructose Syrup you can make numerous desserts and sorbets.
Or you can use Glucose-fructose Syrup as a sweetener for your cocktails.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is used Soft drinks and Sauces.


Glucose-fructose Syrups share many of the applications of glucose syrups.
However, Glucose-fructose Syrup is in the production of soft drinks and sauces that its greatest application is verified.
The use of Glucose-fructose Syrups contributes to the ideal degree of sweetness, helps to optimize production costs and offers consumers more options.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is a substance used as a sugar substitute for making foods.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is several times sweeter than sugar, mixes more easily with the texture of the product and extends its shelf life.
Based on the composition of HPS, Glucose-fructose Syrup is almost identical in physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics to sucrose, and does not contain artificial or synthetic substances, as well as food additives.


The production does not use genetically modified raw materials, and the resulting Glucose-fructose Syrup has consistently guaranteed quality.
Replacing sugar with Glucose-fructose Syrup is possible throughout the group of bakery and confectionery products, and is also widely used in the production of soft drinks, baby food, canned food, in the confectionery and dairy industries.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is an essential component of dietary products for people with diabetes, and for the healthy nutrition of athletes.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is the most popular sugar substitute among many other natural sweeteners.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is widely used all over the world and, in terms of its technological and organoleptic characteristics, competes with cane and beet sugar, therefore it is in great demand in the food industry today.


Glucose-fructose Syrup is used in soft drinks; In baby food; in canned food; in the confectionery industry; and in the dairy industry.
End Uses of Glucose-fructose Syrup: Canned Fruits, Candies, Filling Applications, Jams, Marmalades
Depending on the fructose/glucose ratio, the perceived sweetness will differ.


An increased fructose content will also help to reduce crystallization tendency.
They are ideal for use in fillings of chocolate products, fruit preparations, fruity syrups, fruit juice, ice cream, and other sweet treats.
​Glucose-fructose Syrup is used in the food industry as a part of food products instead of sugar in the production of soft drinks, juices, high-quality bakery products, desserts, dairy products, fruit and berry preserves, fruit fillers, sauces and much more.


As a sweetener, Glucose-fructose Syrup is traditionally used in carbonated drinks, in baking applications – acts as a fermentable sugar, a sweetener and humectant, in breads, buns, rolls and yeast raised donuts – ferments directly without the need for sugar inversion.
In ice cream and other dairy products such as chocolate milk, Glucose-fructose Syrup is effective in enhancing their textural and sparsity properties, especially in chocolate milk.
​

The presence of free fructose in the syrup allows positioning the finished product as a partially dietary product and enhances fruit and other flavors, which significantly reduces the amount of flavors used in the formulations.
The properties of Glucose-fructose Syrup stipulate its use in most sweet foods.


Common uses include baked goods, sodas, yogurts and condiments in such systems, Glucose-fructose Syrup can provide sweetness, moisture retention, texture and flavor enhancing, color stabilization, stability and cost reduction.
Glucose-fructose Syrup also can influence the freezing point, scoopability and dispersing of ice creams.


-Food application of glucose-fructose
Glucose-fructose Syrup, Food Application Syrups with a higher fructose content is used mainly for their sweetening power since this is the sweetest of the elemental sugars.
In addition, Glucose-fructose Syrup has a synergistic effect when mixed with other sweeteners, both natural and artificial.



HEALTH BENEFITS OF GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
*Glucose-fructose Syrup is a good source of carbohydrates.
*Glucose-fructose Syrup helps in producing energy in the body.
*Vegetarian
*Taste Profile
*Glucose-fructose Syrup has a sweet taste.



CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
*Glucose-fructose Syrup has a clear, colorless texture
*Glucose-fructose Syrup provides desired stability of the finished products
*Glucose-fructose Syrup increases brightness in final product
*Glucose-fructose Syrup improves textures
*Glucose-fructose Syrup increases brightness in final product
*Glucose-fructose Syrup prevents microbiological activity
*Glucose-fructose Syrup prolongs the shelf life
*Glucose-fructose Syrup has a non-masking effect
*Glucose-fructose Syrup improves mouth-feel and sweetness, helps to achieve varying levels of caramelized color.



BENEFITS OF GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
*properties similar to honey and invert sugar syrup
*intense sweetener because of high fruit sugar content
*alternative to agave syrup



GENERAL BENEFITS OF GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
*Glucose-fructose Syrup provides a higher and clean, balanced sweetening effect than conventional Glucose Syrups
*Glucose-fructose Syrup enhances fruit flavours in your fruit containing products like jam, fruit preparations and marmalades
*You can create an improved visual appeal and gloss of your end product
*Glucose-fructose Syrup lowers the freezing point, with textural improvements in frozen products
*Extends shelf-life due to humectancy in candy bars and soft baked goods
*Glucose-fructose Syrup is suitable for aerated confectionery like marshmallows and chocolate marshmallows
*Easy, hazzle-free processing
*Kosher and Halal certificates are available upon request



WHAT IS A GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP AND HOW IS GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP MADE?
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a sweet syrup made from starch extracted from grains and vegetables.
Glucose-fructose Syrup has a similar composition to table sugar which is made from sugar cane or beet – they both consist of glucose and fructose, albeit in different proportions.

Table sugar consists of 50% fructose and 50% glucose.
Glucose-fructose Syrup mades in the EU typically contain 20, 30 or 42% of fructose and the rest is glucose.
A fascinating thing about Glucose-fructose Syrup is that when extracting it from starch, the starch producers can regulate the amount of fructose in it to make the syrup as sweet as table sugar or less sweet, if needed.

If the Glucose-fructose Syrup is made to be as sweet as table sugar, it is often used as an alternative.
It is easier to use Glucose-fructose Syrup than table sugar in some foods because these syrups are liquid unlike table sugar, which is crystallised.
Thus, Glucose-fructose Syrup is easier to blend with other ingredients in creams, ice creams, drinks and other liquid or semi-liquid foods.



WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE AND GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP?
Just like table sugar (sucrose), glucose – fructose and fructose-glucose syrup are also made up of glucose and fructose.
While table sugar has a fixed proportion of 50% glucose and 50% fructose, the percentage of these molecules in syrups may vary.
If a syrup contains more than 50% of fructose, it is called “fructose-glucose syrup” on the packaging.
If there is less than 50% fructose in it, it is called “glucose-fructose syrup”.
The typical fructose content of such syrups produced in Europe is 20, 30, and 42%.



BEEKEEPING, GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
In apiculture in the United States, Glucose-fructose Syrup is a honey substitute for some managed honey bee colonies during times when nectar is in low supply.
However, when Glucose-fructose Syrup is heated to about 45 °C (113 °F), hydroxymethylfurfural, which is toxic to bees, can form from the breakdown of fructose.

Although some researchers cite honey substitution with Glucose-fructose Syrup as one factor among many for colony collapse disorder, there is no evidence that HFCS is the only cause
Compared to hive honey, both Glucose-fructose Syrup and sucrose caused signs of malnutrition in bees fed with them, apparent in the expression of genes involved in protein metabolism and other processes affecting honey bee health.



ARE GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP, ISOGLUCOSE AND HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP (HFCS) THE SAME THING?
There is a lot of confusion around the terms Glucose-fructose Syrup, isoglucose and high fructose corn syrup which are often used interchangeably.
Glucose-fructose Syrup may be called differently depending on the country and the fructose content.
In Europe, due to ‘isomerisation’ process, Glucose-fructose Syrup with more than 10% fructose is called isoglucose.

In turn, when the fructose content exceeds 50%, the name changes to Fructose-Glucose Syrup to reflect the higher content of fructose.
In the United States, the syrup is produced from a maize starch, usually with either 42% or 55% fructose content, hence it is called High Fructose Corn Syrup.



FOOD, GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
In the U.S., Glucose-fructose Syrup is among the sweeteners that mostly replaced sucrose (table sugar) in the food industry.
Factors contributing to the increased use of Glucose-fructose Syrup in food manufacturing include production quotas of domestic sugar, import tariffs on foreign sugar, and subsidies of U.S. corn, raising the price of sucrose and reducing that of Glucose-fructose Syrup, making it a lower cost for manufacturing among sweetener applications.

In spite of having a 10% greater fructose content, the relative sweetness of Glucose-fructose Syrup, used most commonly in soft drinks, is comparable to that of sucrose.
Glucose-fructose Syrup provides advantages in food and beverage manufacturing, such as simplicity for formulation and stability, enabling processing efficiencies.

Glucose-fructose Syrup is the primary ingredient in most brands of commercial "pancake syrup", as a less expensive substitute for maple syrup.
Assays to detect adulteration of sweetened products with Glucose-fructose Syrup, such as liquid honey, use differential scanning calorimetry and other advanced testing methods.



WHAT ARE GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE?
Glucose is a simple sugar, a so-called monosaccharide, because it is made up of just one sugar unit.
It is found naturally in many foods, and it is used by our bodies as a source of energy to carry out daily activities.
Fructose is also a simple sugar, often referred to as a fruit sugar.

Fructose, as the name suggest, is found in fruits (such as oranges and apples), berries, some root vegetables (such as beets, sweet potatoes, parsnips, and onions) and honey.
Fructose is the sweetest of all naturally occurring sugars.
Glucose and fructose bound together in equal amounts create another type of sugar – sucrose – a disaccharide commonly known as table sugar.



WHAT IS GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP?
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a sweet liquid made of glucose and fructose.
Unlike sucrose, where 50% of glucose and 50% of fructose are linked together, Glucose-fructose Syrup can have a varying ratio of the two simple sugars, meaning that some extra, unbound glucose or fructose molecules are present.
The fructose content in Glucose-fructose Syrup can range from 5% to over 50%.



HOW IS GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP MADE?
Glucose-fructose Syrup is typically made from starch.
The source of starch depends on the local availability of the raw product used for extraction.
Historically, maize was a preferred choice, while in recent years wheat became a popular source for Glucose-fructose Syrup production.

Starch is a chain of glucose molecules, and the first step in Glucose-fructose Syrup production involves freeing those glucose units.
The linked glucose molecules in starch are cut down (hydrolysed) into free glucose molecules.
Then, with the use of enzymes, some of the glucose is changed into fructose in a process called isomerisation.



WHAT IS THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP?
Glucose-fructose Syrup is a source of carbohydrates, which along with proteins and fats are the foundation of our diet.
The human body uses Glucose-fructose Syrup for energy, development and maintenance.
Glucose-fructose Syrup is nutritionally equivalent to other carbohydrates, containing the same number of 4 kcal per gram, and has the health impact of added sugars.



SAFETY AND MANUFACTURING CONCERNS OF GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
Since 2014, the United States FDA has determined that Glucose-fructose Syrup is safe (GRAS) as an ingredient for food and beverage manufacturing, and there is no evidence that retail HFCS products differ in safety from those containing alternative nutritive sweeteners.



COMMERCE AND CONSUMPTION OF GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
The global market for Glucose-fructose Syrup is expected to grow from $5.9 billion in 2019 to a projected $7.6 billion in 2024.

*China:
Glucose-fructose Syrup in China makes up about 20% of sweetener demand.
Glucose-fructose Syrup has gained popularity due to rising prices of sucrose, while selling for a third the price.
Production was estimated to reach 4,150,000 tonnes in 2017.
About half of total produced Glucose-fructose Syrup is exported to the Philippines, Indonesia, Vietnam, and India.


*European Union:
In the European Union (EU), HFCS is known as isoglucose or glucose-fructose syrup (GFS) which has 20–30% fructose content compared to 42% (HFCS 42) and 55% (HFCS 55) in the United States.
While HFCS is produced exclusively with corn in the US, manufacturers in the EU use corn and wheat to produce Glucose-fructose Syrup.

Glucose-fructose Syrup was once subject to a sugar production quota, which was abolished on 1 October 2017, removing the previous production cap of 720,000 tonnes, and allowing production and export without restriction.

Use of Glucose-fructose Syrup in soft drinks is limited in the EU because manufacturers do not have a sufficient supply of GFS containing at least 42% fructose content.
As a result, soft drinks are primarily sweetened by sucrose which has a 50% fructose content.


*Japan:
In Japan, Glucose-fructose Syrup is also referred to as isomerized sugar.
Glucose-fructose Syrup production arose in Japan after government policies created a rise in the price of sugar.
Japanese Glucose-fructose Syrup is manufactured mostly from imported U.S. corn, and the output is regulated by the government.
For the period from 2007 to 2012, Glucose-fructose Syrup had a 27–30% share of the Japanese sweetener market.

Japan consumed approximately 800,000 tonnes of Glucose-fructose Syrup in 2016.
The United States Department of Agriculture states that corn from the United States is what Japan uses to produce their Glucose-fructose Syrup.
Japan imports at a level of 3 million tonnes per year, leading 20 percent of corn imports to be for Glucose-fructose Syrup production.


*Mexico:
Mexico is the largest importer of U.S. Glucose-fructose Syrup.
Glucose-fructose Syrup accounts for about 27 percent of total sweetener consumption, with Mexico importing 983,069 tonnes of HFCS in 2018.
Mexico's soft drink industry is shifting from sugar to Glucose-fructose Syrup which is expected to boost U.S.
Glucose-fructose Syrup exports to Mexico according to a U.S. Department of Agriculture Foreign Agricultural Service report.


*Philippines:
The Philippines was the largest importer of Chinese HFCS.
Imports of Glucose-fructose Syrup would peak at 373,137 tonnes in 2016.


*United States:
In the United States, Glucose-fructose Syrup was widely used in food manufacturing from the 1970s through the early 21st century, primarily as a replacement for sucrose because its sweetness was similar to sucrose, it improved manufacturing quality, was easier to use, and was cheaper.
Domestic production of Glucose-fructose Syrup increased from 2.2 million tons in 1980 to a peak of 9.5 million tons in 1999.

Although Glucose-fructose Syrup use is about the same as sucrose use in the United States, more than 90% of sweeteners used in global manufacturing is sucrose.
Production of Glucose-fructose Syrup in the United States was 8.3 million tons in 2017.

Glucose-fructose Syrup is easier to handle than granulated sucrose, although some sucrose is transported as solution.
Unlike sucrose, Glucose-fructose Syrup cannot be hydrolyzed, but the free fructose in HFCS may produce hydroxymethylfurfural when stored at high temperatures; these differences are most prominent in acidic beverages.

Soft drink makers such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi continue to use sugar in other nations but transitioned to Glucose-fructose Syrup for U.S. markets in 1980 before completely switching over in 1984.
Consumption of Glucose-fructose Syrup in the U.S. has declined since it peaked at 37.5 lb (17.0 kg) per person in 1999.

The average American consumed approximately 22.1 lb (10.0 kg) of Glucose-fructose Syrup in 2018, versus 40.3 lb (18.3 kg) of refined cane and beet sugar.
This decrease in domestic consumption of Glucose-fructose Syrup resulted in a push in exporting of the product.
In 2014, exports of Glucose-fructose Syrup were valued at $436 million, a decrease of 21% in one year, with Mexico receiving about 75% of the export volume.


*Vietnam:
90% of Vietnam's Glucose-fructose Syrup import comes from China and South Korea.
Imports would total 89,343 tonnes in 2017.
One ton of Glucose-fructose Syrup was priced at $398 in 2017, while one ton of sugar would cost $702.



HEALTH, GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
Nutrition:
Glucose-fructose Syrup is 76% carbohydrates and 24% water, containing no fat, protein, or micronutrients in significant amounts.
In a 100-gram reference amount, Glucose-fructose Syrup supplies 281 calories, while in one tablespoon of 19 grams, it supplies 53 calories.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome:
The role of fructose in metabolic syndrome has been the subject of controversy, but as of 2022, there is no scientific consensus that fructose or Glucose-fructose Syrup has any impact on cardiometabolic markers when substituted for sucrose.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
Appearance: Viscous liquid
Colour: Colourless to yellow
Aroma: Characteristic
Flavour: Swee



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLUCOSE-FRUCTOSE SYRUP:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Glucoside is natural ingredients modified by a chemical process called glycosylation.
Glycosylation makes the ingredients (vitamins and compounds from natural extracts) more stable, bio-available, and water-soluble in formulations.
There are many glycosides in the planting and animal world.


For healing methods, important glycosides are: arbutine in the leaves of Bearberries, salicine in willow bark, anthraglucosides in Rhubarb, and refuse trees.
Also, the anthocyans as red and blue dyes of flowers and berries are glycosides.


Again other important glucosides are saponins (triterpenoids).
The name saponins come to foam from their quality in a watery solution strongly (Sapo is in the Latin soap).
Glucoside is a new generation of commercially available, biodegradable surfactants.


Glucoside produces stable foam to enhance the texture and cleansing properties of cosmetics and personal care products.
Glucoside is natural ingredients modified by a chemical process called glycosylation.
Glycosylation makes the ingredients (vitamins and compounds from natural extracts) more stable, bio-available, and water-soluble in formulations.


Some glucosides are perfect emollients that also improve the skin's water contents.
These parts of beauty formulas can moisturize and soften skin and hair.
Glucoside is compounds consisting of a sugar molecule (typically a monosaccharide) attached to a functional group through a glycosidic bond.


A glucoside is a glycoside that is chemically derived from glucose.
Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals.


Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes.
The name was originally given to plant products of this nature, in which the other part of the molecule was, in the greater number of cases, an aromatic aldehydic or phenolic compound (exceptions are Jinigrin and Jalapin or Scammonin).


It has now been extended to include synthetic ethers, such as those obtained by acting on alcoholic glucose solutions with hydrochloric acid, and also the polysaccharoses, e.g. cane sugar, which appear to be ethers also.


Although glucose is the most common sugar present in glucosides, many are known which yield rhamnose or iso-dulcite; these may be termed pentosides. Much attention has been given to the non-sugar parts (aglyca) of the molecules; the constitutions of many have been determined, and the compounds synthesized; and in some cases the preparation of the synthetic glucoside effected.


There are many glycosides in the planting and animal world.
For healing methods, important glycosides are: arbutine in the leaves of Bearberries, salicine in willow bark, anthraglucosides in Rhubarb, and refuse trees.


Also, the anthocyans as red and blue dyes of flowers and berries are glycosides.
Again other important glucosides are saponins (triterpenoids).
The name saponins come to foam from their quality in a watery solution strongly (Sapo is in the Latin soap).


A glucoside is a glycoside that is chemically derived from glucose.
Glucoside is common in plants, but rare in animals.
Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes.


The name of Glucoside was originally given to plant products of this nature, in which the other part of the molecule was, in the greater number of cases, an aromatic aldehydic or phenolic compound (exceptions are Jinigrin and Jalapin or Scammonin).
Glucoside has now been extended to include synthetic ethers, such as those obtained by acting on alcoholic glucose solutions with hydrochloric acid, and also the polysaccharoses, e.g. cane sugar, which appear to be ethers also.


Although glucose is the most common sugar present in glucosides, many are known which yield rhamnose or iso-dulcite; these may be termed pentosides.
Much attention has been given to the non-sugar parts (aglyca) of the molecules; the constitutions of many have been determined, and the compounds synthesized; and in some cases the preparation of the synthetic glucoside effected.


The simplest glucosides are the alkyl ethers which have been obtained by reacting hydrochloric acid on alcoholic glucose solutions.
A better method of preparation is to dissolve solid anhydrous glucose in methanol containing hydrochloric acid.
A mixture of alpha- and beta-methylglucoside results.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLUCOSIDE:
Made from vegetable oils and starch, alkyl glucosides (also called alkylpolyglucosides) are in demand for their performance, mildness, and low ecotoxicity.
Alkylpolyglucosides are a unique class of non-ionic surfactants for broad applications in skin and hair care products.
Those are widely used in consumer products found on virtually every store shelf, ranging from baby shampoos, facial cleansers, and makeup removers.


Alkyl glucosides meet the demand for mild, environmentally green, and powerful ingredients.
Usually derived from sugars, such as glucose derivatives and fatty alcohols, Alkyl Polyglucosides have gained a stellar reputation as high-performance components for cosmetic preparations.


Their organic and eco-friendly nature is another reason why formulators turn to AGPs when creating all-natural vegan cosmetic products.
Glycosylation makes the ingredients (vitamins and compounds from natural extracts) more stable, bio-available, and water-soluble in formulations.
Some glucosides are perfect emollients that also improve the skin's water contents.


These parts of beauty formulas can moisturize and soften skin and hair.
100% naturally derived very mild surfactants, Glucoside is commonly used for their emulsifying, and conditioning properties, and to enhance foaming.
Made from vegetable oils and starch, alkyl glucosides (also called alkylpolyglucosides) are in demand for their performance, mildness, and low ecotoxicity.


Alkylpolyglucosides are a unique class of non-ionic surfactants for broad applications in skin and hair care products.
Those are widely used in consumer products found on virtually every store shelf, ranging from baby shampoos, facial cleansers, and makeup removers.
Alkyl glucosides meet the demand for mild, environmentally green, and powerful ingredients.



SOEM OTHER PLEASING ATTRIBUTES OF GLUCOSIDE:
●Mild surfactants:
Glucoside is a mild and gentle surfactants that lower the surface tension of products it’s added to, helping them remove dirt and oils more effectively from the skin and hair.

●High-foaming properties:
Glucoside was first used in soaps and body cleansers because of its incredible foaming power.
Glucoside lathers easily and thickens while retaining skin moisture, even when used daily.

●Derived from natural sources:
Glucoside is obtained from 100% renewable raw materials through a combination of plant-based alcohol and glucose, making them completely natural and safe for everyday use.

●Superior wetting properties: As a surfactant, Glucoside also improves your aqueous formulation’s ability to spread across different surfaces and lather foam that’s stable and long-lasting.

●Compatible with other surfactants:
Due to their mild nature, Glucoside works incredibly well as co-surfactants.
By reducing the total active requirements of other active ingredients, Glucoside offers cleansing effectiveness, foam volume, and ease of thickening without altering the performance of the final product.



CHEMISTRY OF GLUCOSIDE:
Glucoside surfactants are also known as sugar surfactants.
They are good foaming, solubilising and wetting agents and are well suited to skin cleansing formulations where they are often used as tertiary surfactants (blended with anionic and amphoterics).

While glucosides can be used in shampoos and hair formulations, their use at high levels is not recommended as their chemistry means they tend to tangle and dry the hair.

As glucosides are produced by a polymerisation reaction they don't have an exact chemistry (chain length) so Decyl, Caprylyl/Capryl and Coco Glucoside cross over in their properties.
Due to this, in most formulations there is little benefit in adding more than one glucoside type to each formula.



THE CLASSIFICATION OF GLUCOSIDES:
The classification of glucosides is a matter of some intricacy.
One method based on the chemical constitution of the non-glucose part of the molecules has been proposed that posits four groups:
(I) alkyl derivatives,
(2) benzene derivatives,
(3) styrolene derivatives, and
(4) anthracene derivatives.
A group may also be constructed to include the cyanogenic glucosides, i.e. those containing prussic acid.
Alternate classifications follow a botanical classification, which has several advantages; in particular, plants of allied genera contain similar compounds.


*Ethylene derivatives
These are generally mustard oils, which are characterized by a burning taste; their principal occurrence is in mustard and Tropaeolum seeds.
Sinigrin, or the potassium salt of inyronic acid not only occurs in mustard seed, but also in black pepper and in horseradish root.

Hydrolysis with barium hydroxide, or decomposition by the ferment myrosin, gives glucose, allyl mustard oil and potassium hydroxide.
Sinalbin occurs in white pepper; it decomposes to the mustard oil, glucose and sinapin, a compound of choline and sinapic acid.
Jalapin or Scammonin occurs in scammony; it hydrolyses to glucose and jalapinolic acid.


*Benzene derivatives
These are generally oxy and oxyaldehydic compounds.


*Benzoic acid derivatives
The benzoyl derivative cellotropin has been used for tuberculosis. Populin, which occurs in the leaves and bark of Populus tremula, is benzoyl salicin.
Benzoyl-beta-D-glucoside is a compound found in the fern Pteris ensiformis.


*Phenol derivatives
There are a number of glucosides found in natural phenols and polyphenols, as, for example, in the flavonoids chemical family.
Arbutin, which occurs in bearberry along with methyl arbutin, hydrolyses to hydroquinone and glucose.

Pharmacologically it acts as a urinary antiseptic and diuretic; Salicin, also termed Saligenin and glucose occurs in the willow.
The enzymes ptyalin and emulsin convert it into glucose and saligenin, ortho-oxybenzylalcohol.
Oxidation gives the aldehyde helicin.



HOW ARE GLUCOSIDE SURFACTANTS MADE?
Alkyl Polyglucoside is a nonionic surfactant, prepared by the glycosylation of starch or monomer glucose with fatty alcohols.
The optimum surface activity is obtained with an alkyl chain of C8 to C16.
If you want to create safe formulations for soaps, shampoos, body washes, creams, lotions, or other personal care items, Alkyl Polyglucosides is your safest bet.

Types Of Glucosides:
You can make many kinds of Alkyl Glucosides by combining different ingredients with the carbon chain alcohol and cyclic glucose.
The most popularly used glucosides in the cosmetic industry include:

●Decyl glucoside
●Coco glucoside
●Lauryl glucoside
●Capryl glucoside

You may remember these names from shampoo labels or body wash products, but how does one type of Alkyl Polyglucoside differ from the other?
At first, they all look the same: a light or pale yellowish liquid with a DP (degree of polymerization) value of 1.3-1.5 and 50% solid content.
However, the main difference between these glucosides is their viscosity and foaming abilities.


1.Decyl Glucoside
Decyl glucoside is a versatile, plant-based surfactant that is produced from coconuts and cornstarch.
The carbon chain length used to make Decyl glucoside is 60% C8-C10 and 40% C12-C14.

By reacting decyl alcohol with cyclic glucose, this substance is drawn out of sugars and fatty acids by a process known as esterification.
With a viscosity level of 1000-2500 (mPa•s, 20℃), Decyl glucoside produces the fastest, wealthiest foam, but the foam also disappears quickly as compared to other Glucosides.

Its low viscosity also enhances the fluidity of your formulation.
Decyl glucoside is a great addition to products that require rich and dense foams, such as:

●Shampoos
●Conditioners
●Shower gels
●Bath oils
●Dermatological liquid soaps
●Hair colors
●Hair straightening products

Apart from its excellent foaming abilities, Decyl glucoside helps skin and hair retain moisture and keeps them healthy.
It also works very well with Cocamidopropyl betaine, which is an amphoteric surfactant with antistatic properties for hair care formulations.

According to the Cosmetics Ingredient Review, Decyl glucoside is safe for use in almost all topical applications or products, specifically in soaps, bubble baths, body washes, and detergents.

Regardless of what kind of product you want to try, Decyl glucoside has a good safety profile for all skin types and is 100% biodegradable - the perfect congenial ingredient to add to your creations if you are concerned about health, wellness, and the environment.


2.Coco Glucoside
When glucose reacts chemically with the fatty alcohols derived from Coconut oil, Coco glucoside: a natural, gentle, and environmentally friendly surfactant is formed.

Coco glucoside has a carbon chain length of 40% C8-C10 and 60% C12-C14.
With a viscosity of 2500-6000 (mPa•s, 20℃), Coco-Glucoside holds the middle ground between the foam stability of Decyl glucoside and Lauryl glucoside.
Sourced from coconut oil, this soothing, raw material has non-greasy, hydrating, and conditioning properties.

When added to skin and hair products, these properties help prevent the skin from drying out and smooth out the hair strands.
Since it is compatible with all other surfactants, you can mix it as a co-surfactant without risking the stability, or the foaming and cleansing capacity of the end product.

With its ultra-gentle cleansing properties, Coco glucoside is well-suited for all skin types and is the perfect addition to mild, natural formulations that are specially intended for sensitive skin.

Coco Glucoside is most commonly used in:
●Shampoos
●Conditioners
●Body washes
●Cleansers
●Hand soaps
●Body scrubs
●Acne treatments
●Facial moisturizers
●Hair dyes
●Baby products


3.Lauryl Glucoside
Lauryl glucoside is another non-ionic surfactant that is used as a foaming agent, viscosity builder, conditioner, and emulsifier.
It is formed by a carbon chain length of C12-C14 with a viscosity level of 2000-4000 (mPa•s, 40℃).
Since it comes from coconut or palm oil, it is biodegradable.

As a mild surfactant and cleansing agent, Lauryl glucoside breaks the surface tension, allowing dirt and oil to be removed easily.
This is one of the many reasons why formulators add Lauryl glucoside to baby cleansing products.
When compared to Coco glucoside and Decyl glucoside, Lauryl glucoside takes more time to foam.

But it also creates the most stable foam.
However, on rare occasions, some people may be allergic to glucosides and may develop irritation after using products containing Lauryl glucoside.
Therefore, it is recommended to always do a patch test before using products with lauryl glucoside.

Lauryl Glucoside is most commonly used in:
●Sunscreens
●Baby cleansing products
●Facial foams
●Cleansers
●Gels
●Hair cleansing products


4.Capryl Glucoside
Capryl glucoside is a highly effective natural and biodegradable surfactant that’s produced by the reaction of glucoside with capric alcohol.
This glucose alkyl ether is made from a carbon chain length of C8-C10 and contains 60% active matter.
It is ECOCERT certified and preservative-free.

Capryl glucoside is a clear to light yellow viscous liquid, which increases the foaming capacity and creates a fine and stable foam in skincare and haircare products.
In addition to being an excellent, gentle cleansing surfactant, Capryl glucoside is also a good solubilizer and emulsifier, allowing essential oils and water to mix.

Due to this dual-purpose, capryl glucoside is one of the easiest ingredients to work with and creates many types of formulations such as:
●Shower gels
●Shampoos
●Liquid hand soaps
●Creams
●Face washes


Conclusion
When you consider making your own cosmetic products, it is important to select natural and wholesome ingredients whenever possible.
You want to make sure that your products are naturally moisturizing and nourishing your skin and hair rather than drying it out or causing irritation.
By incorporating natural glucosides into your personal care products, you not only ensure your own safety but the safety of the environment with safe and eco-friendly formulas.



THE SIMPLEST GLUCOSIDES:
The simplest glucosides are the alkyl ethers which have been obtained by reacting hydrochloric acid on alcoholic glucose solutions.
A better method of preparation is to dissolve solid anhydrous glucose in methanol containing hydrochloric acid.
A mixture of alpha- and beta-methylglucoside results.


*Ethylene derivatives
These are generally mustard oils, which are characterized by a burning taste; their principal occurrence is in mustard and Tropaeolum seeds.
Sinigrin, or the potassium salt of inyronic acid not only occurs in mustard seed, but also in black pepper and in horseradish root.

Hydrolysis with barium hydroxide, or decomposition by the ferment myrosin, gives glucose, allyl mustard oil and potassium hydroxide.
Sinalbin occurs in white pepper; it decomposes to the mustard oil, glucose and sinapin, a compound of choline and sinapic acid. Jalapin or Scammonin occurs in scammony; it hydrolyses to glucose and jalapinolic acid.


*Benzene derivatives
These are generally oxy and oxyaldehydic compounds.


*Benzoic acid derivatives
The benzoyl derivative cellotropin has been used for tuberculosis. Populin, which occurs in the leaves and bark of Populus tremula, is benzoyl salicin.
Benzoyl-beta-D-glucoside is a compound found in the fern Pteris ensiformis.


*Phenol derivatives
There are a number of glucosides found in natural phenols and polyphenols, as, for example, in the flavonoids chemical family.
Arbutin, which occurs in bearberry along with methyl arbutin, hydrolyses to hydroquinone and glucose.

Pharmacologically it acts as a urinary antiseptic and diuretic; Salicin, also termed Saligenin and glucose occurs in the willow.
The enzymes ptyalin and emulsin convert it into glucose and saligenin, ortho-oxybenzylalcohol.
Oxidation gives the aldehyde helicin


*Styrolene derivatives
This group contains a benzene and also an ethylene group, being derived from styrolene.
Coniferin, C16H22O8, occurs in the cambium of conifer wood.
Emulsin converts it into glucose and coniferyl alcohol, while oxidation gives glycovanillin, which yields with emulsin, glucose and vanillin.

Syringin, which occurs in the bark of Syringa vulgaris, is a methoxyconiferin.
Phloridzus occurs in the root-bark of various fruit trees; it hydrolyses to glucose and phloretin, which is the phloroglucin ester of paraoxyhydratropic acid.

It is related to the pentosides naringin, C27H32O14, which hydrolyses to rhamnose and naringenin, the phioroglucin ester of para-oxycinnamic acid, and hesperidin, which hydrolyses to rhamnose and hesperetin, the phloroglucin ester of meta-oxy-para-methoxycinnamic acid or isoferulic acid, C10H10O4.

Aesculin (C21H24O13), occurring in horse-chestnut and California buckeye, and daphnin, occurring in Daphne alpina, are isomeric; the former hydrolyses to glucose and aesculetin (C9H6O4 — 6,7-dihydroxycoumarin), the latter to glucose and daphnetin (7,8-dihydroxycoumarin).

Fraxin, occurring in Fraxinus excelsior, and with aesculin, hydrolyses to glucose and fraxetin ( also known as 7,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin)
Flavone or benzo-7-pyrone derivatives are numerous; in many cases they (or the non-sugar part of the molecule) are vegetable dyes.

Quercitrin is a yellow dyestuff found in Quercus velutina; it hydrolyses to rhamnose and quercetin, a dioxy-~3-phenyl-trioxybenzoy-pyrone.a
Rhamnetin, a splitting product of the glucosides of Rhamnus, is monomethyl quercetin; fisetin, from Rhus cotinus, is monoxyquercetin; chrysin is phenyl-dioxybenzo-y-pyrone.

Saponarin, a glucoside found in Saponaria officinalis, is a related compound.
Strophanthin is the name given to two different compounds, g-strophanthin (ouabain) obtained from Strophanthus gratus and k-strophanthin from Stroph. kombé.


*Anthracene derivatives
These are generally substituted anthraquinones; many have medicinal applications, being used as purgatives, while one, ruberythric acid, yields the valuable dyestuff madder, the base of which is alizarin.

Chrysophanic acid, a dioxymethylanthraquinone, occurs in rhubarb, which also contains emodin, a trioxymethylanthraquinone; this substance occurs in combination with rhamnose in Frangula bark.
Arguably the most important cyanogenic glucoside is amygdalin, which occurs in bitter almonds.

The enzyme maltase decomposes it into glucose and mandelic nitrile glucoside; the latter is broken down by emulsin into glucose, benzaldehyde and prussic acid.
Emulsin also decomposes amygdalin directly into these compounds without the intermediate formation of mandelic nitrile glucoside.

Several other glucosides of this nature have been isolated.
The saponins are a group of substances characterized by forming a lather with water; they occur in soap-bark.
Mention may also be made of indican, the glucoside of the indigo plant; this is hydrolysed by the indigo ferment, indimulsiri, to indoxyl and indiglucin



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLUCOSIDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLUCOSIDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLUCOSIDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLUCOSIDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLUCOSIDE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLUCOSIDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

GLUTAMINE, N° CAS : 56-85-9, Nom INCI : GLUTAMINE, Nom chimique : (S)-2,5-Diamino-5-oxopentanoic acid, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 200-292-1. Ses fonctions (INCI) : Antistatique : Réduit l'électricité statique en neutralisant la charge électrique sur une surface. Conditionneur capillaire : Laisse les cheveux faciles à coiffer, souples, doux et brillants et / ou confèrent volume, légèreté et brillance. Agent d'entretien de la peau : Maintient la peau en bon état

Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder.
Glucuronolactone neutralizes poisons in the liver and intestines.
Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks with claims that it detoxifies the body


CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-3
MDL number: MFCD00135622
Chemical formula: C6H8O6



SYNONYMS:
Glucuronic acid-3,6-lactone, EINECS 251-053-3, BRN 0083595, NSC-656, D-Glucuronic acid, g-lactone, UNII-XE4Y3016M9, D-Glucuronic acid, gamma-lactone, D-Glucuronicacid,g-lactone, SCHEMBL28793, 5-18-05-00033 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GLUCUROLACTONE [MART.], GLUCURONOLACTONE [INCI], D-GLUCURONOLACTONE [MI], GLUCUROLACTONE [WHO-DD], CHEBI:18268, D-glucofuranuronate gamma-lactone, AMY8977, BCP09805, AKOS006341990, KS-1361, gamma-Lactone of D-glucofuranuronic acid, HY-41982, CS-0019952, NS00013683, C02670, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, >=99%, D01800, D70547, .GAMMA-LACTONE OF D-GLUCOFURANURONIC ACID, Q28529701, D-(+)-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, analytical standard, 00CE759F-D1F9-492E-89F7-B7400A34C72D, D-Glucurone, D-Glucuronic acid, D-Glucuronic acid lactone, D-glucurono-3,6-Lactone, D-Glucuronolactone, Dicurone, glucofuranurono-6,3-Lactone, Glucoxy, Glucurolactone, Glucuron, Glucurone, Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucuronolactone, Glucuronosan, Gluronsan, Glycurone, Guronsan, Reulatt s.s., D-Glucurone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid-gamma-lactone, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-acetaldehyde, Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucurone, Glucurolactone (INN), D-glucurono-gamma-lactone, glucurono-γ-lactone, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, 32449-92-6, GLUCUROLACTONE, D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone, Glucurono-6,3-lactone, d(+)-glucurono-3,6-lactone, Glucuronosan, Guronsan, Glucurolactone [INN], D-Glucofuranuronic acid, gamma-lactone, Glucuronolactone [JAN], NSC 656, Glucuron, Gluronsan, Glucuronic acid lactone, XE4Y3016M9, Reulatt S.S., MFCD00135622, (R)-2-((2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, Glucuronolactone (JAN), (2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-oxooxolan-2-yl]-2-hydroxyacetaldehyde, Glucurolactonum, Glucurolactona, Glucuronolattone, Glucuronolattone [DCIT], gamma-Glukurolakton



Glucuronolactone is most commonly known as a popular component of energy drinks
Glucuronolactone is a normal human metabolite formed from glucose, but is only present in small amounts in the diet
In the body Glucuronolactone exists as in physiological equilibrium with glucuronic acid


Therefore supplementation with Glucuronolactone boosts glucuronic acid and association phase II glucuronidation
Supplementation with Glucuronolactone may improve liver function through its link with glucuronidation
Typical doses of Glucuronolactone in energy drinks and supplements are generally considered to be safe


Glucuronolactone is a glucuronic acid derivative that is converted to L-ascorbic acid in animals and humans.
Glucuronolactone is studied for its effectiveness against canine hepatitis.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring solid white compound that has applications for bodybuilding and exercise.


Glucuronolactone is one of the lesser known ingredients, but there is evidence to suggest that it may be useful in increasing both physical and mental performance.
Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder.


Glucuronolactone neutralizes poisons in the liver and intestines.
Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks with claims that it detoxifies the body
Glucuronolactone is a potent detoxification compound naturally found in the human body.


The synthetically produced form of Glucuronolactone is included in energy drinks and dietary supplements to improve overall athletic performance.
Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring metabolite found in almost all connective tissues of the human body.
Glucuronolactone is produced from the breakdown of glucose in the liver and may be found in natural food and drinks such as red wine.


However, the quantities of Glucuronolactone obtained from natural sources are relatively low compared to that taken from energy drinks and dietary supplements.
Thus, to enjoy the benefits of Glucuronolactone, individuals are advised to take dietary supplements containing the compound.


Glucuronolactone is also called Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucurone, Glucurolactone, D-glucurono-gamma-lactone, and glucurono-γ-lactone.
Glucuronolactone's molecular formula is C6H8O6, and its CAS number is 32449-92-6.
The molecular weight of Glucuronolactone is 176.12 g/mol.


Glucuronolactone has a white powder appearance and is soluble in water.
During its metabolism, Glucuronolactone is broken down into glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose.
Studies reveal that Glucuronolactone may also play a vital role in synthesizing Ascorbic Acid or Vitamin C.


Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical compound produced by the metabolism of glucose in the human liver.
Glucuronolactone is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.


Glucuronolactone is present in many energy drinks.
Most of these drinks also contain caffeine, but Glucuronolactone is included because it is purported to fight fatigue and provide a sense of well-being.
Glucuronolactone is a product obtained by the oxidation of glucose.


Glucuronolactone is also added to pre-workout products.
Glucuronolactone is a white crystalline powder.
Glucuronolactone is odourless, slightly bitter.


Glucuronolactone is a substance that is produced when glucose is converted in the liver.
Most typically found in sports performance enhancing or pre-workout products such as energy drinks.
Glucuronolactone is most likely liver protective and promote energy and endurance especially in combination with caffeine.


Glucuronolactone is a prodrug for the compound D-Glucaro-1,4-Lactone.
Glucuronolactone is a normal human metabolite formed from glucose.
Glucuronolactone is in equilibrium with its immediate precursor, glucuronic acid, at physiological pH.


Glucuronic acid is found in plants, mainly in gums.
However, it is combined with other carbohydrates in an aggregated form, so it is not easily bioavailable.
Glucuronic acid is an important component of all animal fibers and connective tissues.


Studies have shown that when humans take Glucuronolactone orally, it is rapidly absorbed, metabolized, and excreted in the form of glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose.
Human metabolic considerations suggest that the body may process small amounts of Glucuronolactone without problems.


However, Glucuronolactone intake from certain energy drinks may be two orders higher than other dietary sources.
The only study using chronic dosing was in rats, and rodents are known to metabolize Glucuronolactone differently than humans.
Glucuronolactone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isosorbide.


These are organic polycyclic compounds containing an isosorbide(1,4-Dianhydrosorbitol) moiety, which consists of two -oxolan-3-ol rings.
Glucuronolactone belongs to the class of organic compounds known as isosorbide.
Glucuronolactone is a very mild and mentholic tasting compound.


Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums. Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water.
Glucuronolactone's melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C.


Glucuronolactone can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form.
Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks because it has been shown to be effective at increasing energy levels and improving alertness.
Glucuronolactone supplementation also significantly reduces "brain fog" cause by various medical conditions.


Although levels of Glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far exceed those found in the rest of the diet, it is extremely safe and well tolerated.
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that exposure to Glucuronolactone from regular consumption of energy drinks is not a safety concern.
The no-observed-adverse-effect level of Glucuronolactone is 1000 mg/kg/day.


These are organic polycyclic compounds containing an isosorbide(1,4-Dianhydrosorbitol) moiety, which consists of two -oxolan-3-ol rings.
Glucuronolactone is an ingredient used in some energy drinks.
Although levels of Glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far exceed those found in the rest of the diet.


Research into Glucuronolactone is too limited to assert claims about its safety.
According to The Merck Index, Glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant.
Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.


Glucuronolactone is a chemical.
Glucuronolactone can be made by the body.
Glucuronolactone is also found in foods and made in laboratories.


Glucuronolactone is a molecule commonly found as a component of energy drink formulations with surprisingly minimal research on it, given its societal usage.
D-glucurono-6,3-lactone is a Glucuronolactone.


Glucuronolactone is functionally related to a D-glucuronic acid
Glucuronolactone is a natural product found in Arabidopsis thaliana, Homo sapiens, and other organisms with data available.
Glucuronolactone Powder contains no fillers.


Glucuronolactone is a well-known nootropic in a practical capsule from.
Glucuronolactone is produced by the metabolization of glucose in the liver and occurs naturally in the body.
Glucuronolactone is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.


When taken as a supplement, Glucuronolactone is used for improving alertness, avoiding mental fatigue, and may be beneficial in maintaining joint and tendon health.
Glucuronolactone is used in many energy products, including Mettle Energy Drink Powder, which uses 370mg per serving.
Consult a doctor regarding your particular usage and dose.


As a naturally occurring substance, Glucuronolactone is a key component of nearly all connective tissue.
In vitro, Dehydrogenase can metabolize Glucuronolactone to D-Glucaro-1,4-Lactone (G14L).
Glucuronolactone is present in many commercial products as a mixture of active ingredients.


Glucuronolactone is also found in complex supplements along with taurine and caffeine.
Glucuronolactone can also be layered with other pre-workout ingredients like creatine, beta-alanine, and citrulline.
Glucuronolactone is known for body energy and mental focus.
And Glucuronolactone is an ingredient in some concentrated pre-workout supplements, pre-workout supplements, and weight loss proteins.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Due to its ability to inhibit viral and bacterial beta-glucuronidase, Glucuronolactone has also been used to treat chronic carriers of typhoid bacteria.
Glucuronolactone is indicated that taking one to several grams per day will not cause problems.
Glucuronolactone is a well-know nootropic, which is used to support brain functions such as memory, thinking a concentration.


Glucuronolactone is naturally found in our body, as it is formed in the liver during glucose metabolism.
In addition, Glucuronolactone is also a part of all connective tissues.
Moreover, Glucuronolactone is also found in food in smaller quantities.


However, higher concentrations of this nootropic are usually added to energy drinks and supplements in order to improve sports and mental performance.
Additionally, according to The Merck Index, Glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant.
The liver uses glucose to create Glucuronolactone, which inhibits the enzyme B-glucuronidase (metabolizes glucuronides), which should cause blood-glucuronide levels to rise.


Glucuronides combines with toxic substances, such as morphine and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, by converting them to water-soluble glucuronide-conjugates which are excreted in the urine.
Higher blood-glucuronides help remove toxins from the body, leading to the claim that energy drinks are detoxifying.


Free glucuronic acid (or its self-ester Glucuronolactone) has less effect on detoxification than glucose, because the body synthesizes UDP-glucuronic acid from glucose.
Therefore, sufficient carbohydrate intake provides enough UDP-glucuronic acid for detoxication, and foods rich in glucose are usually abundant in developed nations.


Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use Glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.
Glucuronolactone is frequently used in energy drinks to increase energy levels and improve alertness, and can also be used to reduce "brain fog" caused by various medical conditions.


Glucuronolactone can be used to synthesize Vitamin C in creatures capable of this conversion, which are not humans.
Glucuronolactone is commonly used as an ingredient in "energy" drinks to increase attention and improve athletic performance, but there is no good scientific evidence to support its use.


Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.
Glucuronolactone is sometimes used in energy drinks.
Unfounded claims that Glucuronolactone can be used to reduce "brain fog" are based on research conducted on energy drinks that contain other active ingredients that have been shown to improve cognitive function, such as caffeine.


Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.
Glucuronolactone is a normal product of glucose breakdown in the liver.
All connective tissues contain Glucuronolactone, as well as many plant gums.


The amounts of Glucuronolactone found in food and those produced in the body, though, are negligible compared to the dosage in energy drinks and supplements.
As a supplement, Glucuronolactone’s available in the powder/capsule form.


Glucuronolactone is advertised as a supplement to enhance athletic performance, detoxify the liver, and reduce mental fatigue.
Glucuronolactone is a molecule commonly found as a component of energy drink formulations with surprisingly minimal research on it, given its societal usage.


Glucuronolactone is most often used to support brain functions such as memory, thinking, and concentration.
In addition, Glucuronolactone is a popular ingredient in energy drinks and nutritional supplements to improve sports performance.
That said, Glucuronolactone's effects will be appreciated not only by athletes, but also by students and people with physically or mentally demanding jobs.


Glucuronides combines with toxic substances, such as morphine and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, by converting them to water-soluble glucuronide-conjugates which are excreted in the urine.
Glucuronolactone is available on a large scale and is intended for use in the chemical, diagnostic, pharmaceutical and related industries.


Glucuronolactone is used to help speed up recovery times after workouts, and to improve overall training performance levels
D-glucurono-gamma-lactone, also called Glucuronolactone, is a naturally occurring solid white compound used in sports and bodybuilding.
Therefore, Glucuronolactone in energy drinks is a common and main application.


Glucuronolactone can help enhance focus and improve athletic performance.
Glucuronolactone is frequently used in energy and alertness drinks.
Glucuronolactone is used Sport Nutrition, Diet Supplements, Pharmaceutical Field, Medical Usage.



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OFGLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone is a white solid odorless compound, soluble in hot and cold water. Its melting point ranges from 176 to 178 °C.
Glucuronolactone can exist in a monocyclic aldehyde form or in a bicyclic hemiacetal (lactol) form.



HISTORY OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
It is unknown if Glucuronolactone is safe for human consumption due to a lack of proper human or animal trials. However, Glucuronolactone likely has limited effects on the human body.
Furthermore research on isolated supplements of Glucuronolactone is limited, no warnings appear on the Food and Drug Administration website regarding its potential to cause brain tumors or other maladies.



HOW DOES GLUCURONOLACTONE WORK?
There isn't enough information to know how Glucuronolactone might work as a medicine.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
*Monosaccharides
*Gamma butyrolactones
*Tetrahydrofurans
*Secondary alcohols
*Hemiacetals
*Carboxylic acid esters
*Polyols
*Oxacyclic compounds
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
*Isosorbide
*Gamma butyrolactone
*Monosaccharide
*Tetrahydrofuran
*Carboxylic acid ester
*Hemiacetal
*Lactone
*Secondary alcohol
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Polyol
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Oxacycle
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Carbonyl group
*Organic oxide
*Organic oxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound



BENEFITS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
*a well-known nootropic,
*helps improve concentration and memory,
*one serving contains 500 mg of potassium Glucuronolactone,
*suitable for athletes, students, and people with mentally or physically demanding jobs,
*comes in a practical capsule form,
*suitable for vegans.



GLUCURONOLACTONE MARKET SIZE AND TREND:
The global Glucuronolactone market is worth $388.07 million in 2022, with a compound annual growth rate of 5.46% from 2022 to 2030, and is expected to reach $593.76 million by 2030.
North America has become the world’s largest Glucuronolactone market, accounting for 42.39% of market revenue in 2022.
The United States is the largest consumer country.

North America dominates the Glucuronolactone market as demand for energy drinks and nutritional supplements grows.
Additionally, the increasing geriatric population, desk-working lifestyle, rising food consumption, and rising awareness about the health benefits of antioxidants are helping to drive market growth in this region.

Glucuronolactone is available in liquid, powder, tablet, capsule, and other forms on the market.
In 2022, the Glucuronolactone in powder form market dominated, with the largest market share of 42.25%.
Glucuronolactone's market revenue is around $22.50 million.

This growth is attributed to the increasing health awareness among the public.
Furthermore, the liquidity segment is likely to dominate the market by 2030 due to rising disposable income.
In addition to energy drinks, Glucuronolactone is also involved in dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals, functional foods, cosmetics, and other fields.

In 2022, the pharmaceutical sector dominated the market, accounting for approximately 29.19% of global revenue.
This growth is attributed to the increasing use of Glucuronolactone-based tablets and supplements to treat arthritis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis.
The energy drinks market will likely dominate by 2030 owing to the emergence of multiple ingredients-constant players in the domestic and international industries.



INGREDIENTS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone, bulking agent (microcrystalline cellulose), anti-caking agent (magnesium stearate), hypromellose capsule.



STRUCTURE OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone is a molecule that is commonly found in energy drinks (at around 10-60mg, with variance depending on brand), although in studies 'disassembling' the constituents of energy drinks suggest no significant contribution towards energy.



BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
In vitro, Glucuronolactone can be metabolized by a dehydrogenase into D-Glucaro-1,4-Lactone (G14L), where Glucuronolactone appears to metabolize into a dilactone (d-glucaro-1,4-3,6-dilactone) and then spontaneously degrade into G14L.



METABOLISM OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone can be formed when glucuronic acid is degraded in subcritical water interchangeably.



GLUCURONOLACTONE IN ENERGY DRINKS:
IS GLUCURONOLACTONE SUITABLE?
WHY DO BRANDS LIKE TO ADD GLUCURONOLACTONE TO ENERGY DRINKS?
Glucuronolactone’s all up to its benefits.
Glucuronolactone has stimulant properties to help increase energy levels and combat fatigue.

Glucuronolactone enhances physical performance and improves mental alertness.
Some studies suggest that Glucuronolactone may have mood-enhancing effects.
Glucuronolactone is thought to increase dopamine levels in the brain, improving mood and overall well-being.

Glucuronolactone is involved in the body’s natural detoxification processes.
Glucuronolactone eliminates harmful substances, such as drugs, toxins, and pollutants, by aiding in forming glucuronide conjugates that can be easily excreted.

Glucuronolactone can protect the liver from damage caused by toxins and promote its overall function.
Glucuronolactone's antioxidant properties can help neutralize harmful free radicals in the body.

Glucuronolactone's cognitive-enhancing effects improve memory, focus, and concentration.
Because Glucuronolactone has properties of energy improvement, mood enhancement, etc.
Glucuronolactone is suitable in energy drinks.



GLUCURONOLACTONE IN ENERGY DRINKS: IS GLUCURONOLACTONE SAFE?
A submission from the Austrian National Food Authority included ingredient lists for 32 “energy drinks.”
This list is taken from the Austrian Market Beverage Review published in March 1996.
Not all “energy” drinks contain Glucuronolactone.

These drinks contain Glucuronolactone in a regulated concentration range of 2000-2400 mg/L.
Based on the average Austrian consumer’s per capita energy drink intake over a year, it can be estimated that the average daily intake of Glucuronolactone from an energy drink containing 2400 mg/l is 108 mg.

These estimates of energy drink intake can be compared with Glucuronolactone intake from other food sources.
However, only a few foods have been identified as containing Glucuronolactone.
In the United States, the average intake of Glucuronolactone from other food sources among people who eat foods containing Glucuronolactoneis 1.2 mg/day.

Wine is the richest source (up to 20 mg/L).
According to this US estimate, the average consumer consuming two 250 ml cans of energy drinks per day (containing 2400 mg/L) may consume 500 times more Glucuronolactone than other food sources.



WHAT ARE THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF USING GLUCURONOLACTONE?
Glucuronolactone may bring several health benefits to individual users, including the following.
Glucuronolactone may fight mental and physical fatigue.

Several studies show that Glucuronolactone supplementation may be beneficial in improving athletic performance and preventing exhaustion and fatigue following the performance of extraneous exercises.
It is also believed that Glucuronolactone may improve one’s ability to perform daily tasks and improve focus and attention.
Although it may improve energy levels, Glucuronolactone should not be used as a prime energy source.

*Glucuronolactone reduces brain fog.
Brain fogging is characterized by confusion and disorganized thoughts brought about by various factors, including stress.
According to some studies, Glucuronolactone may help reduce brain fog by improving overall mental health and cognitive function.
Some researches also show that persons who take Glucuronolactone have improved reaction time.

*Glucuronolactone supports joint health.
Glucuronolactone is also known to support the healing of joints, tendons, and ligaments following damage brought about by physical activity. It may also help strengthen bones and promote muscle development among bodybuilders.

*Other health benefits
Certain studies also show that Glucuronolactone supplementation may improve cardiovascular health.
Glucuronolactone also works to improve mood among depressive patients.



WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE?
Glucuronolactone is the γ‐lactone of glucuronic acid.
Glucuronolactone is a normal human metabolite and formed from glucose and glucuronic acid.
Glucuronolactone seems to be found naturally occurring substance produced in small amounts within the body.



STUDIES OF GLUCURONOLACTONE BENEFITS:
Uses of Glucuronolactone as an ingredient outside of the food and beverage industry includes as a performance enhancer and recovery aid.
Several studies have demonstrated that a pre-exercise, energy supplement (containing caffeine with taurine, Glucuronolactone, creatine, and amino acids) can delay fatigue and improve the quality of resistance exercise.
Taurine and Glucuronolactone are often combined with caffeine to form an ‘energy matrix’ in many energy drinks.



PURE POWDERED GLUCURONOLACTONE FORMS AND SPECIFICATIONS:
Glucuronolactone is available for dietary supplement formulations in powder with 99% purity.
It is important to purchase Glucuronolactone powder 99% only from legitimate suppliers to ensure the product is high quality.
Depending on the customer’s preference and suggestion, Glucuronolactone may be purchased in bulk or lesser quantities and packed in paper drums with two layers of polybags inside.

Glucuronolactone application is in energy drinks.
Some historians claim that the use of Glucuronolactone dates back to the early Vietnam War era when it was produced for use by soldiers. In the modern-day world, the compound is included in energy drinks as it is believed to increase energy levels, along with caffeine and taurine.

Along with caffeine and taurine, Glucuronolactone helps increase alertness and boost energy.
Glucuronolactone may also be taken in dietary supplement formulations to improve cognitive functions.

Glucuronolactone, Taurine, and Caffeine are the basic components of stimulant drinks.
Since stimulant drinks increase glucose levels, Glucuronolactone is believed that they may also increase insulin levels in response to hyperglycemia.
This is why the long-term intake of energy drinks in very high quantities is not recommended, as Glucuronolactone may pose risks to individual users.



HOW DOES GLUCURONOLACTONE WORK?
As a Detoxicant, experts say that Glucuronolactone works to help eliminate toxic compounds in body cells.
This is especially beneficial as Glucuronolactone may help prevent rapid cellular deterioration brought about by the accumulation of circulating free radicals.

Glucuronolactone may also help the liver cleanse the blood and eliminate unwanted toxins.
Also, as a component of connective tissues in the body, Glucuronolactone is believed to be important in repairing joints and muscle tears following strains.
Glucuronolactone is also important in producing Vitamin C, making it essential for improved immunity and overall body resistance.

Glucuronolactone in combination with caffeine, beta-alanine, creatine, citrulline and taurine has a possible positive effect in improving aerobic and anaerobic performance.
Glucuronolactone may also help to increase strength and help improve mental performance (reaction time, concentration and memory).



GLUCURONOLACTONE BENEFITS FOR MENTAL PERFORMANCE:
It has been reported that not only does Glucuronolactone help to improve physical performance, there is also evidence to suggests it helps to increase mental performance.
When given an energy drink containing Glucuronolactone, subjects showed significant improvements in reaction time, concentration, and memory.



RECOMMENDED DOSES OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Doses of 350mg Glucuronolactone have been found to be effective for use as a pre workout supplement.
The effects of Glucuronolactone set in fairly rapidly.

It has been reported that consuming a supplement containing Glucuronolactone 10 minutes before exercise resulted in improved exercise performance.
However, given that Glucuronolactone typically occurs with other ingredients, it is recommended for such supplements to be consumed 30 to 45 minutes before a workout, or as indicated by the manufacturer.



SUPPLEMENTS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Since Glucuronolactone is known for physical energy and mental focus, it is an ingredient found in some pre workout supplements, concentrated pre workout supplements, and fat loss proteins.



WHERE DOES GLUCURONOLACTONE COME FROM?
Glucuronolactone naturally occurs in the connective tissue (eg tendons, ligaments, cartilage) of humans and animals, as well as in the gums of plants.
Glucuronolactone is also common ingredient in higher concentrations in energy drinks.



BENEFITS OF GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Glucuronolactone is present in many commercial products as a mixture of active ingredients.
These cocktails have been relatively well studied in relation to both physical and mental performance.

*Glucuronolactone Benefits for Bodybuilding & Endurance:
In physiological trials, Glucuronolactone has been shown to inhibit the synthesis of toxic by-products of intensive exercise as well as other negative effects causing fatigue.
Various studies have investigated products containing Glucuronolactone on physical performance.

When human subjects were given an energy drink containing a combination of Glucuronolactone, caffeine, and taurine, it was found that they experienced improvements in aerobic and anaerobic performance compared to those receiving a control.
When used in a pre workout supplement, Glucuronolactone in combination with the aforementioned ingredients resulted in an increase in total repetitions performed.

This also led to an increase in an anabolic response among supplemented people.
These results were later reproduced and supported by the same group of researchers.
Such results suggest that Glucuronolactone may help to increase strength and lean gains when used in conjunction with weight training.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
Molecular Weight: 176.12 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 176.03208797 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 104 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 12
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 202
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 4
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Chemical formula: C6H8O6
Molar mass: 176.124 g·mol−1
Density: 1.76 g/cm3 (30 °C), 1.75 g/cm3 (25 °C)
Melting point: 176 to 178 °C (349 to 352 °F; 449 to 451 K), 172 - 175 °C
Solubility in water: 26.9 g/100 mL
CAS number: 32449-92-6
EC number: 251-053-3
Hill Formula: C₆H₈O₆
HS Code: 2932 20 90
Chemical Formula: C6H8O6
Average Molecular Weight: 176.1241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 176.032087988 g/mol
IUPAC Name: (3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]furan-2-one
Traditional Name: (3R,3aR,5R,6R,6aR)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-tetrahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]furan-2-one

CAS Registry Number: 32449-92-6
SMILES: O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]2C@@HC(=O)O[C@@H]2[C@H]1O
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C6H8O6/c7-1-3-4(12-5(1)9)2(8)6(10)11-3/h1-5,7-9H/t1-,2-,3-,4-,5-/m1/s1
InChI Key: OGLCQHRZUSEXNB-WHDMSYDLSA-N
CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-3
Formula Hill: C₆H₈O₆
Molar Mass: 176.12 g/mol
HS Code: 29322980
Classification: Superior
MDL Number: MFCD00135622
Chemical Formula: C6H8O6
Molecular Weight: 176.13 g/mol
SMILES: C(=O)C@@HO
Melting Point: 177.5 °C
Boiling Point: 403.5 °C
Flash Point: 174.9 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLUCURONOLACTONE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical compound that belongs to the family of carbohydrates.
Glucuronolactone is derived from glucose and is structurally related to glucuronic acid, which is a component of many polysaccharides and proteoglycans in the body.

CAS Number: 32449-92-6
EC Number: 251-053-7

Synonyms: D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucuronic acid lactone, Glucurone, Glucurolactone, Glucuronosan, D-Glucuronolactone, Glucosiduronic acid lactone, Lactonized glucuronic acid, Glucurono-gamma-lactone, D-Glucuronic acid gamma-lactone, Glucuronic acid delta-lactone, D-Glucurono-gamma-lactone, Glucurono-gamma-lactone, D-Glucurono-3,6-lactone, Glucuronic acid delta-lactone



APPLICATIONS


Glucuronolactone is commonly used as an ingredient in energy drinks and dietary supplements to enhance alertness and physical performance.
Glucuronolactone is included in formulations aimed at promoting mental focus and concentration.

Glucuronolactone is utilized in sports nutrition products to support energy metabolism during exercise.
Glucuronolactone is often combined with caffeine and other stimulants to synergistically enhance cognitive and physical performance.

Glucuronolactone is found in pre-workout supplements for its potential to improve endurance and reduce fatigue.
Glucuronolactone is included in formulations targeting recovery after strenuous physical activity.
Glucuronolactone is used in cosmetics and skincare products for its hydrating and moisturizing properties.

Glucuronolactone is added to topical creams and lotions to help maintain skin hydration and elasticity.
In pharmaceuticals, it may be used as an excipient in drug formulations to improve solubility and bioavailability.

Glucuronolactone is studied for its potential antioxidant effects, which could contribute to overall health benefits.
Glucuronolactone is incorporated into detoxification programs and supplements aimed at supporting liver health.

Glucuronolactone is used in functional beverages and health drinks marketed for their detoxifying properties.
Glucuronolactone is researched for its role in combating oxidative stress and inflammation in the body.

In dietary supplements, it may be included to promote overall wellness and vitality.
Glucuronolactone is explored for its potential anti-inflammatory properties in various health conditions.
Glucuronolactone is included in oral health products for its potential benefits to gum health and oral hygiene.

Glucuronolactone is added to nutritional supplements aimed at supporting immune function and resilience.
Glucuronolactone is used in beauty supplements and ingestible skincare products for skin rejuvenation.

Glucuronolactone is investigated for its role in improving joint health and mobility.
Glucuronolactone is utilized in eye health supplements for its antioxidant and protective properties.
Glucuronolactone is included in dietary formulations targeting metabolic health and weight management.

Glucuronolactone is researched for its potential neuroprotective effects in neurological disorders.
Glucuronolactone is explored in anti-aging products for its ability to support cellular health.

Glucuronolactone is included in formulations aimed at promoting hair growth and scalp health.
Glucuronolactone serves a diverse range of applications across nutrition, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and health products, reflecting its broad potential benefits for human health and well-being.

Glucuronolactone is used in dietary supplements targeting cardiovascular health due to its potential to support healthy circulation.
Glucuronolactone is included in formulations aimed at enhancing the body's natural detoxification processes.

Glucuronolactone is explored for its potential to protect against oxidative damage caused by environmental stressors.
Glucuronolactone is added to energy bars and snacks for sustained energy release throughout the day.

Glucuronolactone is utilized in pet supplements for its potential benefits to animal health and vitality.
Glucuronolactone is included in functional foods and beverages for its ability to enhance nutritional value.

Glucuronolactone is researched for its role in improving gastrointestinal health and digestion.
Glucuronolactone is used in dietary aids targeting metabolism and energy balance.

Glucuronolactone is included in beauty drinks and collagen supplements for skin rejuvenation and elasticity.
Glucuronolactone is investigated for its potential to support bone health and mineral absorption.
Glucuronolactone is added to joint health supplements for its potential to maintain cartilage and joint function.

Glucuronolactone is explored in diabetic supplements for its role in glucose metabolism.
Glucuronolactone is utilized in wound healing formulations for its potential to support tissue repair.

Glucuronolactone is added to brain health supplements for its potential cognitive benefits.
Glucuronolactone is researched for its role in reducing the effects of hangovers and supporting liver recovery.

Glucuronolactone is used in cosmetic formulations targeting anti-aging and skin firming effects.
Glucuronolactone is explored in oral care products for its potential benefits to gum health and plaque reduction.

Glucuronolactone is included in eye health supplements for its potential to support vision and eye function.
Glucuronolactone is used in stress relief supplements for its potential calming and mood-balancing effects.
Glucuronolactone is researched in immune support supplements for its potential to strengthen immune responses.

Glucuronolactone is utilized in hair care products for its potential to improve hair strength and shine.
Glucuronolactone is explored for its potential anti-inflammatory effects in conditions like arthritis and joint pain.
Glucuronolactone is added to weight management supplements for its potential to support fat metabolism.

Glucuronolactone is used in detox foot patches and topical detox products for its potential to draw out toxins.
Glucuronolactone continues to be studied for its diverse applications across various health and wellness categories, highlighting its potential benefits in supporting overall health and vitality.

Glucuronolactone has been studied for its potential anti-inflammatory effects, though more research is needed.
In sports nutrition, it is used to enhance physical performance and recovery.
As a dietary supplement, glucuronolactone is often combined with other ingredients for synergistic effects.

Glucuronolactone is metabolized in the liver and readily enters systemic circulation to exert its physiological effects.
Glucuronolactone is utilized in pharmaceutical formulations for its role in drug metabolism and efficacy.
Glucuronolactone has a role in maintaining cellular integrity and function, particularly in detoxification pathways.

Glucuronolactone supports the body's natural ability to eliminate waste products and maintain homeostasis.
Glucuronolactone is considered a non-essential nutrient as the body can synthesize it from glucose.
Glucuronolactone has been explored for its potential benefits in improving skin health and appearance.

Glucuronolactone is included in dietary guidelines and regulations to ensure safe consumption levels.
Glucuronolactone serves as a multifaceted compound with diverse roles in metabolism, health, and nutrition.



DESCRIPTION


Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring chemical compound that belongs to the family of carbohydrates.
Glucuronolactone is derived from glucose and is structurally related to glucuronic acid, which is a component of many polysaccharides and proteoglycans in the body.
Glucuronolactone is primarily known for its role as a precursor in the detoxification process in the liver, where it conjugates with various substances to facilitate their excretion in urine.

Glucuronolactone is a naturally occurring compound found in the body as a metabolite of glucose.
Glucuronolactone is a lactone form of glucuronic acid, with a chemical structure consisting of a six-membered ring.

Glucuronolactone is integral to the body's detoxification processes, aiding in the removal of harmful substances.
Glucuronolactone is known for its role in conjugating with toxins and drugs to facilitate their elimination via urine.

Glucuronolactone plays a crucial part in the formation of water-soluble glucuronides, which are more easily excreted from the body.
In dietary supplements and energy drinks, glucuronolactone is often touted for its potential to boost energy levels.

Glucuronolactone is believed to support mental alertness and cognitive function due to its involvement in energy metabolism.
Glucuronolactone is sometimes used in cosmetics for its hydrating properties, promoting skin moisture retention.
Chemically, it is classified as a carbohydrate and is closely related to glucuronic acid.

Glucuronolactone has antioxidant properties that may contribute to overall health and well-being.
Glucuronolactone is generally considered safe for consumption in regulated amounts in food and supplements.
Glucuronolactone has a mild, slightly sweet taste and is often added to beverages and nutritional products.

Research suggests that glucuronolactone may help support liver health by aiding in detoxification pathways.
Glucuronolactone is soluble in water, contributing to its bioavailability and effectiveness in physiological processes.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Appearance: White crystalline powder.
Odor: Odorless.
Taste: Slightly sweet.
Solubility: Soluble in water.
Melting Point: Approximately 176-178°C.
Density: Approximately 1.595 g/cm³.
Molecular Weight: Approximately 176.12 g/mol.
pH: Neutral (around pH 7) in aqueous solutions.
Crystallinity: Crystallizes in a monoclinic crystal system.
Hygroscopicity: Non-hygroscopic (does not absorb moisture from the air).


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C6H8O6.
Chemical Structure: Lactone form of D-glucuronic acid.
Functional Groups: Contains a lactone group (cyclic ester) and hydroxyl groups (-OH).
Acidity/Basicity: Slightly acidic.
Stability: Stable under normal storage conditions.
Reactivity: Non-reactive under normal conditions; does not undergo significant chemical reactions.
Optical Activity: Not optically active (racemic mixture).
Partition Coefficient (Log P): Not applicable as it is highly soluble in water.
Biodegradability: Generally considered biodegradable in natural environments.
Toxicity: Low acute toxicity; considered safe for consumption in regulated amounts.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If glucuronolactone dust or powder is inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties occur, provide oxygen if available and trained to do so.
Seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist or worsen.


Skin Contact:

Remove any contaminated clothing or shoes immediately.
Wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness develops, seek medical advice.
Clean contaminated clothing before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with gently flowing lukewarm water, holding the eyelids open.
Continue rinsing for at least 15 minutes, ensuring water reaches under the eyelids and over the entire eye surface.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.
Seek medical attention if irritation, pain, or redness persists.


Ingestion:

Rinse the mouth with water.
Do not induce vomiting unless directed by medical personnel.
If a large amount is swallowed or if symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain occur, seek medical attention immediately.
Provide medical personnel with information about the product ingested and its container.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
Wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing to minimize skin and eye contact.
Use respiratory protection (e.g., NIOSH-approved mask) if handling in dusty or aerosol-generating conditions.

Ventilation:
Use in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of dust or vapors.
Ensure adequate ventilation during handling and storage.
Implement local exhaust ventilation if necessary to control airborne concentrations.

Avoidance of Contact:
Minimize direct skin contact and inhalation of dust or vapors.
Use tools or dispensing equipment to minimize exposure during handling.

Handling Procedures:
Handle glucuronolactone with care to prevent spills and minimize dust generation.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance.
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water after handling.

Static Electricity:
Ground equipment and containers to prevent static discharge, which could ignite dust or vapors.

Compatibility:
Ensure compatibility with other materials and chemicals used in formulations.
Follow compatibility guidelines provided by the manufacturer.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Clean up spills immediately using appropriate absorbent materials.
Avoid generating dust.
Dispose of contaminated materials according to local regulations.

Emergency Procedures:
Familiarize personnel with emergency procedures, including evacuation routes and emergency contacts.
Have spill control measures and appropriate firefighting equipment readily available.


Storage:

Storage Conditions:
Store glucuronolactone in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and sources of heat or ignition.
Maintain storage temperatures as recommended by the manufacturer to ensure product stability.

Temperature Control:

Store in a temperature-controlled environment to prevent degradation or changes in physical properties.

Separation:
Store away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers, acids, and bases.

Container Integrity:
Inspect containers regularly for leaks or damage.
Replace damaged containers to prevent spills and exposure.

Labeling:
Ensure containers are properly labeled with the product name, hazard information, handling precautions, and storage requirements.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas to authorized personnel only.
Store in locked cabinets or rooms if necessary.

Shelving and Stacking:
Store containers on shelves or pallets to prevent contact with the ground and facilitate inspection and handling.

Environmental Considerations:
Prevent spills from entering drains, waterways, or soil. Have containment measures in place to capture accidental releases.

SYNONYMS1,5-Gluconolactone;D-(+)-Gluconic acid δ-lactone;D-Gluconic acid 1,5-lactone;D-Gluconic acid lactone;D-Gluconic acid, δ-lactone;D-Glucono-1,5-lacton;D-glucono-1,5-lactona;D-Glucono-1,5-lactone CAS NO:90-80-2

Glutamic acid is one of the 20-22 proteinogenic amino acids, and its codons are GAA and GAG.
Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid.
The carboxylate anions and salts of Glutamic acid are known as glutamates.

CAS: 6899-05-4
MF: C5H9NO4
MW: 147.13

Glutamic acid is an optically active form of glutamic acid having L-configuration.
Glutamic acid has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a ferroptosis inducer and a neurotransmitter.
Glutamic acid is a glutamine family amino acid, a proteinogenic amino acid, a glutamic acid and a L-alpha-amino acid.
Glutamic acid is a conjugate acid of a L-glutamate(1-).
Glutamic acid is an enantiomer of a D-glutamic acid.
Glutamic acid is an amino acid used to form proteins.
In the body, Glutamic acid turns into glutamate.
This is a chemical that helps nerve cells in the brain send and receive information from other cells.

Glutamic acid may be involved in learning and memory.
Glutamic acid may help people with hypochlorhydria (low stomach acid) or achlorhydria (no stomach acid).
In neuro science, Glutamic acid is an important neuro transmitter that plays a key role in long-term potentiation and is important for learning and memory.
Glutamic acid is an alpha-amino acid that is glutaric acid bearing a single amino substituent at position 2.
Glutamic acid has a role as a fundamental metabolite.
Glutamic acid is an alpha-amino acid and a polar amino acid.
Glutamic acid contains a 2-carboxyethyl group.
Glutamic acid is a conjugate acid of a glutamate(1-).

Glutamic acid is an α-amino acid that is used by almost all living beings in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Glutamic acid is a non-essential nutrient for humans, meaning that the human body can synthesize enough for its use.
Glutamic acid is also the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system.
Glutamic acid serves as the precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in GABAergic neurons.

Glutamic acid's molecular formula is C5H9NO4.
Glutamic acid exists in three optically isomeric forms; the dextrorotatory l-form is usually obtained by hydrolysis of gluten or from the waste waters of beet-sugar manufacture or by fermentation.
Glutamic acid's molecular structure could be idealized as HOOC−CH(NH2)−(CH2)2−COOH, with two carboxyl groups −COOH and one amino group −NH2.
However, in the solid state and mildly acidic water solutions, the molecule assumes an electrically neutral zwitterion structure −OOC−CH(NH+3)−(CH2)2−COOH.
Glutamic acid is encoded by the codons GAA or GAG.

The acid can lose one proton from its second carboxyl group to form the conjugate base, the singly-negative anion glutamate −OOC−CH(NH+3)−(CH2)2−COO−.
This form of the compound is prevalent in neutral solutions.
The glutamate neurotransmitter plays the principal role in neural activation.
This anion creates the savory umami flavor of foods and is found in glutamate flavorings such as MSG.
In Europe Glutamic acid is classified as food additive E620.
In highly alkaline solutions the doubly negative anion −OOC−CH(NH2)−(CH2)2−COO− prevails.
The radical corresponding to glutamate is called glutamyl.

Glutamic acid, also known as L-glutamic acid or as glutamate, the name of its anion, is an alpha-amino acid.
These are amino acids in which the amino group is attached to the carbon atom immediately adjacent to the carboxylate group (alpha carbon).
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain amino (-NH2) and carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups, along with a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid.
Glutamic acid is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids, i.e., the amino acids used in the biosynthesis of proteins.
Glutamic acid is found in all organisms ranging from bacteria to plants to animals.

Glutamic acid is classified as an acidic, charged (at physiological pH), aliphatic amino acid. In humans Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid and can be synthesized via alanine or aspartic acid via alpha-ketoglutarate and the action of various transaminases.
Glutamic acid also plays an important role in the body's disposal of excess or waste nitrogen.
Glutamic acid undergoes deamination, an oxidative reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase leading to alpha-ketoglutarate.
In many respects Glutamic acid is a key molecule in cellular metabolism.
Glutamic acid is the most abundant fast excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian nervous system.
At chemical synapses, Glutamic acid is stored in vesicles.

Nerve impulses trigger release of Glutamic acid from the pre-synaptic cell.
In the opposing post-synaptic cell, glutamate receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated.
Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, Glutamic acid is believed that glutamic acid is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain.
Glutamic acid transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes.
They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space.
In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells.
This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity.

The mechanisms of cell death include: Damage to mitochondria from excessively high intracellular Ca2+. Glu/Ca2+-mediated promotion of transcription factors for pro-apoptotic genes, or downregulation of transcription factors for anti-apoptotic genes.
Excitotoxicity due to Glutamic acid occurs as part of the ischemic cascade and is associated with stroke and diseases like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, lathyrism, and Alzheimer's disease.
Glutamic acid has been implicated in epileptic seizures.
Microinjection of Glutamic acid into neurons produces spontaneous depolarization around one second apart, and this firing pattern is similar to what is known as paroxysmal depolarizing shift in epileptic attacks.
This change in the resting membrane potential at seizure foci could cause spontaneous opening of voltage activated calcium channels, leading to Glutamic acid release and further depolarization.

Glutamic acid was discovered in 1866 when it was extracted from wheat gluten (from where it got its name.
Glutamate has an important role as a food additive and food flavoring agent.
In 1908, Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda identified brown crystals left behind after the evaporation of a large amount of kombu broth (a Japanese soup) as glutamic acid.
These crystals, when tasted, reproduced a salty, savory flavor detected in many foods, most especially in seaweed.
Professor Ikeda termed this flavor umami.
He then patented a method of mass-producing a crystalline salt of glutamic acid, monosodium glutamate.

Chemical Properties
The side chain carboxylic acid functional group has a pKa of 4.1 and therefore exists almost entirely in its negatively charged deprotonated carboxylate form at pH values greater than 4.1; therefore, it is negatively charged at physiological pH ranging from 7.35 to 7.45.

Uses
Glutamic acid is a moisture binder and an anti-oxidant. glutamic acid is an amino acid manufactured by means of fermentation, generally from a vegetable protein.
Glutamic Acid is an amino acid that is a white crystalline powder of slight solubility in water.
Glutamic acid is monosodium glutamate (msg) which functions as a flavor enhancer in meats.
Glutamic acid also is a nutrient, dietary supplement, and salt substitute.

Metabolism
Glutamic acid is a key compound in cellular metabolism.
In humans, dietary proteins are broken down by digestion into amino acids, which serve as metabolic fuel for other functional roles in the body.
A key process in amino acid degradation is transamination, in which the amino group of an amino acid is transferred to an α-ketoacid, typically catalysed by a transaminase.

Neurotransmitter
Glutamic acid is the most abundant excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate nervous system.
At chemical synapses, glutamate is stored in vesicles.
Nerve impulses trigger release of Glutamic acid from the pre-synaptic cell.
In the opposing post-synaptic cell, Glutamic acid receptors, such as the NMDA receptor, bind glutamate and are activated.
Because of its role in synaptic plasticity, glutamate is involved in cognitive functions like learning and memory in the brain.
The form of plasticity known as long-term potentiation takes place at glutamatergic synapses in the hippocampus, neocortex, and other parts of the brain.
Glutamic acid works not only as a point-to-point transmitter but also through spill-over synaptic crosstalk between synapses in which summation of glutamate released from a neighboring synapse creates extrasynaptic signaling / volume transmission.
Glutamic acid transporters are found in neuronal and glial membranes .
They rapidly remove glutamate from the extracellular space.
In brain injury or disease, they can work in reverse, and excess glutamate can accumulate outside cells.
This process causes calcium ions to enter cells via NMDA receptor channels, leading to neuronal damage and eventual cell death, and is called excitotoxicity.

Brain nonsynaptic glutamatergic signaling circuits
Extracellular glutamate in Drosophila brains has been found to regulate postsynaptic glutamate receptor clustering, via a process involving receptor desensitization.
A gene expressed in glial cells actively transports glutamate into the extracellular space, while, in the nucleus accumbens-stimulating group II metabotropic glutamate receptors, this gene was found to reduce extracellular glutamate levels.
This raises the possibility that this extracellular glutamate plays an "endocrine-like" role as part of a larger homeostatic system.

Flavor enhancer
Glutamic acid, being a constituent of protein, is present in every food that contains protein, but it can only be tasted when Glutamic acid is present in an unbound form.
Significant amounts of free glutamic acid are present in a wide variety of foods, including cheese and soy sauce, and is responsible for umami, one of the five basic tastes of the human sense of taste.
Glutamic acid is often used as a food additive and flavour enhancer in the form of its salt, known as monosodium glutamate (MSG).

Nutrient
All meats, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and kombu are excellent sources of glutamic acid.
Some protein-rich plant foods also serve as sources.
Thirty to 35 % of the protein in wheat is glutamic acid.
Ninety-five percent of the dietary glutamate is metabolized by intestinal cells in a first pass.

Plant growth
Auxigro is a plant growth preparation that contains 30 % glutamic acid.

NMR spectroscopy
In recent years, there has been much research into the use of RDCs in NMR spectroscopy.
A glutamic acid derivative, poly-γ- benzyl-L-glutamate (PBLG), is often used as an alignment medium to control the scale of the dipolar interactions observed.

Pharmacology
The drug phencyclidine (more commonly known as PCP) antagonizes glutamic acid non-competitively at the NMDA receptor.
For the same reasons, dextromethorphan and ketamine also have strong dissociative and hallucinogenic effects.
Glutamic acid does not easily pass the blood brain barrier, but , instead, is transported by a high-affinity transport system.
Glutamic acid can also be converted into glutamine.

Synonyms
L-glutamic acid
GLUTAMIC ACID
56-86-0
L-glutamate
(2S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid
Glutamidex
Glutaminol
H-Glu-OH
glutacid
Aciglut
glutaminic acid
L-Glutaminic acid
Glutamicol
Glutaton
(S)-Glutamic acid
Glusate
L-glu
L-(+)-glutamic acid
D-Glutamiensuur
alpha-aminoglutaric acid
Glutamic acid, L-
Acidum glutamicum
(S)-(+)-Glutamic acid
Acide glutamique
2-Aminoglutaric acid
Acidum glutaminicum
L-2-Aminoglutaric acid
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
25513-46-6
Acido glutamico
FEMA No. 3285
L-alpha-Aminoglutaric acid
Glutamic acid (H-3)
Glutamate, L-
alpha-Glutamic acid
glut
glutamate
Glutamic acid (VAN)
a-Glutamic acid
L-Glutaminsaeure
Glutamic acid, (S)-
Glutaminic acid (VAN)
CCRIS 7314
L-Acido glutamico
Pentanedioic acid, 2-amino-, (S)-
glu
a-Aminoglutaric acid
Glutamic Acid [USAN:INN]
AI3-18472
L-a-Aminoglutaric acid
Acide glutamique [INN-French]
Acido glutamico [INN-Spanish]
Acidum glutamicum [INN-Latin]
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 374350
NSC 143503
alpha-Aminoglutaric acid (VAN)
Glutamic Acid (L-glutamic acid)
2-Aminopentanedioic acid, (S)-
aminoglutaric acid
EINECS 200-293-7
L-2-amino-pentanedioic acid
UNII-3KX376GY7L
3KX376GY7L
INS NO.620
DTXSID5020659
CHEBI:16015
Gamma-L-Glutamic Acid
INS-620
L-Glutamic acid (9CI)
C5H9NO4
NSC-143503
L(+)-Glutamic acid
E620
Glutamic acid, L-, peptides
DTXCID30659
HSDB 490
E 620
E-620
EC 200-293-7
Sodium Glutamate (L-glutamic Acid)
NCGC00024502-03
L-Glutamic acid (JAN)
(S)-2-AMINO-1,5-PENTANEDIOIC ACID
L-Glutamic acid-13C5
L-GLUTAMIC ACID [JAN]
Acido glutamico (INN-Spanish)
Acidum glutamicum (INN-Latin)
(2S)-2-aminopentanedioate
l glutamic acid
GLUTAMIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH)
GLUTAMIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH]
.alpha.-Glutamic acid
ALANINE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
ALANINE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
6899-05-4
glt
2-Amino-pentanedioic acid
LYSINE ACETATE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
LYSINE ACETATE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
1-amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
GLUTAMIC ACID [USAN]
55443-55-5
MFCD00002634
aminoglutarate
Gulutamine
alpha-Glutamate
a-Glutamate
L-gluatmate
a-Aminoglutarate
L-glutamic-acid
NSC143503
L-Glutamic adid
2-Aminoglutarate
Glutamate, L
1ftj
1xff
(S)-glutamate
Glutamic acid, L
L-a-Aminoglutarate
alpha-Aminoglutarate
Gulutamine (USP)
(L)-glutamic acid
H-Glu
L-Glutamic,(S)
L-(+)-Glutamate
L-alpha-Aminoglutarate
Glutamic acid (USP)
Tocris-0218
[3h]-l-glutamic acid
1ii5
Polyglutamic acid(PGA)
(+)-L-Glutamic acid
(S)-(+)-Glutamate
(S)-Glu
L-[14C(U)]glutamate
(S)-2-Aminopentanedioate
Biomol-NT_000170
D00ENY
GLUTAMIC ACID [MI]
L-Glutamic acid (JP17)
SCHEMBL2202
GLUTAMIC ACID [INN]
L-Glutamic acid, 98.5%
Lopac0_000529
S)-2-Aminopentanedioic acid
GLUTAMIC ACID [INCI]
GLUTAMIC ACID [VANDF]
L-GLUTAMIC ACID [FCC]
BPBio1_001132
CHEMBL575060
GTPL1369
GLUTAMIC ACID [USP-RS]
GLUTAMIC ACID [WHO-DD]
L-GLUTAMIC ACID [FHFI]
L-Glutamic acid, 99%, FCC
BDBM17657
CHEBI:53374
Glutamic acid, L-(7CI,8CI)
1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylate
(C5-H9-N-O4)x-
Glutamic acid, L- (7CI,8CI)
L (+)-glutamic acid, alpha-form
1-amino-propane-1,3-dicarboxylate
138-16-9
L-Glutamic acid, non-animal source
Pentanedioic acid, 2-amino-, (S)
Tox21_113053
HB0383
HSCI1_000269
PDSP1_000128
PDSP1_001539
PDSP2_000127
PDSP2_001523
s6266
AKOS006238837
AKOS015854087
AM81690
CCG-204619
DB00142
LS-2330
SDCCGSBI-0050512.P002
CAS-56-86-0
NCGC00024502-01
NCGC00024502-02
NCGC00024502-04
NCGC00024502-07
(2S)-2-aminopentanedioic acid;H-Glu-OH
AC-11294
DS-13284
HY-14608
LS-71885
(S)-1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
(S)-1-Aminopropane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid
CS-0003473
G0059
EN300-52632
L-Glutamic acid, BioUltra, >=99.5% (NT)
L-Glutamic acid, tested according to Ph.Eur.
C00025
D00007
L-Glutamic acid, NIST(R)RM 8573, USGS40
M02979
M03872
Glutamic acid, L-; ((S)-(+)-Glutamic acid)
L-Glutamic acid, JIS special grade, >=99.0%
L-Glutamic acid, NIST(R) RM 8574, USGS41
A831210
Glutamic acid, L-; ((S)-(+)-Glutamic acid)
SR-01000597730
J-502415
L-Glutamic acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99% (HPLC)
L-Glutamic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, >=99%
SR-01000597730-1
L-Glutamic acid, >=99%, FCC, natural sourced, FG
Q26995161
F8889-8668
Z756440052
27322E29-9696-49C1-B541-86BEF72DE2F3
Glutamic acid, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
L-Glutamic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Glutamic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
L-Glutamic acid, from non-animal source, meets EP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, 98.5-100.5%

Glutaric acid dialdehyde; Glutardialdehyde; Glutaral; 1,3-Diformylpropane; 1,5-Pentanedial; 1,5-Pentanedione; Glutaric aldehyde; Glutarol; Gluteraldehyde; Pentanedial; Sonacide; Aldehyd glutarowy; Aldesan; Ucarcide CAS:111-30-8

Glutaric acid dialdehyde; Glutardialdehyde; Glutaral; 1,3-Diformylpropane; 1,5-Pentanedial; 1,5-Pentanedione; Glutaric aldehyde; Glutarol; Gluteraldehyde; Pentanedial; Sonacide; Aldehyd glutarowy; Aldesan; Ucarcide CAS:111-30-8

Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)3(CHO)2.
The molecule consists of a five carbon chain doubly terminated with formyl (CHO) groups.
Glutaraldehyde is usually used as a solution in water, and such solutions exists as a collection of hydrates, cyclic derivatives, and condensation products, several of which interconvert.


CAS Number: 111-30-8
EC Number: 203-854-4
MDL Number: MFCD00007025
Chemical formula: C5H8O2 / OHC(CH2)3CHO


Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.
Glutaraldehyde has a role as a cross-linking reagent, a disinfectant and a fixative.
Glutaraldehyde solution is a light yellow liquid.
Glutaraldehyde mixes with water.


Glutaraldehyde, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used to sterilize medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is an oily liquid at room temperature (density 1.06 g/mL), and miscible with water, alcohol, and benzene.
Monomeric glutaraldehyde can polymerize by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha,beta-unsaturated poly-glutaraldehyde.


This reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values.
Glutaraldehyde is colorless liquid with a pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a clear, viscous colorless liquid.
Glutaraldehyde is a light yellow liquid.


Glutaraldehyde is commercially available in aqueous solutions ranging from 2-50%
Because the molecule has two carbonyl group is reactive to primary amine groups (even as its hydrates), Glutaraldehyde can function as a crosslinking agent for any substance with primary amine groups and develop imine connected links.
Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)3(CHO)2.


The molecule consists of a five carbon chain doubly terminated with formyl (CHO) groups.
Glutaraldehyde is usually used as a solution in water, and such solutions exists as a collection of hydrates, cyclic derivatives, and condensation products, several of which interconvert.


Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.
Glutaraldehyde has a role as a cross-linking reagent, a disinfectant and a fixative.
Glutaraldehyde solution is a light yellow liquid.


Glutaraldehyde mixes with water.
Glutaraldehyde is a common fixative in biology.
Fixation occurs by crosslinking (creating covalent chemical bonds between proteins in/on cells).
Glutaraldehyde is similar to another common cross-linking fixative, PFA.


1,5 Pentanedial, also known as Glutaraldehyde or glutaral is an organic compound with the formula OCH(CH2)3CHO.
Being non-volatile and bifunctional, Glutaraldehyde is often preferred to the less expensive formaldehyde.
Glutaraldehyde reacts with amines, amides, and thiol groups in proteins.
Glutaraldehyde, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor.


Glutaraldehyde is an oily liquid at room temperature (density 1.06 g/mL), and miscible with water, alcohol, and benzene.
Glutaraldehyde is Colorless to yellowish liquid with a pungent fruity/medicinal odor.
Glutaraldehyde is a 5-25% aqueous solution.
Glutaraldehyde's Physical properties are based on a 25% solution.


Glutaraldehyde is miscible with water, ethanol, benzene, ether, acetone, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, isopropanol, n-hexane and toluene.
Glutaraldehyde is a slightly irritating odor of colorless or yellowish clear liquid, Glutaraldehyde is soluble in water and ether, ethanol and other organic solvents.


The free form of Glutaraldehyde in aqueous solution is not much, a large number of different forms of hydrate, and most of the ring structure of the hydrate form exists.
Glutaraldehyde is active in nature, easy to polymerize and oxidize, and will react with compounds containing active oxygen and nitrogen-containing compounds.


Because Glutaraldehyde has two carbonyl group is reactive to primary amine groups (even as its hydrates), Glutaraldehyde can function as a crosslinking agent for any substance with primary amine groups and develop imine connected link.
Colorless liquid with a pungent odor; Clear, viscous colorless liquid; Light yellow liquid; Colorless or light yellow liquid with a sharp pungent odor; Commercially available in aqueous solutions ranging from 2-50%


Glutaraldehyde is soluble in water and in organic solvents.
Solutions in water are stable for long periods of time.
Glutaraldehyde is colorless or yellowish clear and bright liquid with slight irritating smell, and can be dissolved in organic dissolvent such as water, ether and ethanol.


In water solution, Glutaraldehyde doesn't exist much in free state; instead, Glutaraldehyde makes appearance as hydrates with different forms and most of them are hydrates with annular structure.
Glutaraldehyde is reactive in property, and liable to polymerize and oxidize, which will react with compounds containing active oxygen and nitrogen.


The reaction of Glutaraldehyde with protein is mainly carried out between the carbonyl group of the former and the amino group of the latter.
Among the known aldehydes, Glutaraldehyde is one of the best cross-linking agents for proteins.
Glutaraldehyde has a small influence on the activity of enzyme, and most of enzymes can be fixed under controlled condition, to cross-link without losing their activity.


Contrbuting to its outstanding characteristics,Glutaraldehyde has drawn special concern from people and been put at broad application.
A dialdehyde comprised of pentane with aldehyde functions at C-1 and C-5.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used to disinfect medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is an oily liquid at room temperature (density 1.06 g/mL), and miscible with water, alcohol, and benzene.


Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH2CHO)2.
Glutaraldehyde consists of a five carbon chain doubly terminated with formyl (CHO) groups.
Glutaraldehyde is usually used as a solution in water, and such solutions exists as a collection of hydrates, cyclic derivatives, and condensation products, several of which interconvert.


Because Glutaraldehyde has two carbonyl group is reactive to primary amine groups (even as its hydrates), Glutaraldehyde can function as a crosslinking agent for any substance with primary amine groups and develop imine connected link.
Glutaraldehyde is an extremely versatile disinfectant and biological tissue fixer.
Also know by its IUPAC name Glutaraldehyde, Glutaraldehyde is a clear, pungent, and oily liquid that is miscible in water.


Glutaraldehyde is highly reactive with amines, amides, and thiols present in amino acid side chains, and most of its uses can be attributed to Glutaraldehyde's excellent protein crosslinking abilities.
Glutaraldehyde, an aliphatic dialdehyde, is a highly reactive compound that has been isolated as a water-soluble oil and usually is stored as an aqueous solution to inhibit polymerization.


Unbuffered aqueous solutions of Glutaraldehyde are stable for long periods of time, have a mildly acid pH, a negligible odor, and are not potently antimicrobial.
When buffered to an alkaline pH of 7.5 to 8.0 with sodium bicarbonate, the Glutaraldehyde is activated; Glutaraldehyde has a strong pungent odor, and Glutaraldehyde's antimicrobial activity is greatly enhanced for periods of up to 14 days
Glutaraldehyde is an organic compound with the formula CH2(CH2CHO)2.


Glutaraldehyde is colorless or yellowish clear and bright liquid with slight irritating smell, and can be dissolved in organic dissolvent such as water, ether and ethanol.
In water solution, Glutaraldehyde doesn't exist much in free state; instead,it makes appearance as hydrates with different forms.and most of them are hydrates with annular structure.


Glutaraldehyde is reactive in property, and liable to polymerize and oxidize, which will react with compounds containing active oxygen and nitrogen.
The reaction of Glutaraldehyde with protein is mainly carried out between the carbonyl group of the former and the amino group of the latter.
Among the known aldehydes, Glutaraldehyde is one of the best cross-linking agents for proteins.


Glutaraldehyde has a small influence on the activity of enzyme, and most of enzymes can be fixed under controlled condition, to cross-link without losing their activity.
Contrbuting to Glutaraldehyde's outstanding characteristics, Glutaraldehyde has drawn special concern from people and been put at broad application.


Glutaraldehyde, C5H8O2 or OCH(CH₂)₃CHO, is a transparent oily, liquid with a pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde or Glutaric Aldehyde or 1,5-Pentanodione is a dialdehyde of low irritant power and strong action, of wide antimicrobial spectrum, that works due to Glutaraldehyde's oxidizing and breaking down action on the cell walls.



USES and APPLICATIONS of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
Crosslinking rigidifies and deactivates many biological functions, so in this way, Glutaraldehydesolutions are used as biocides and as fixative.
As a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a cross-linking agent for gelatin, poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyheptapeptides.
Glutaraldehyde is also used as a fixative for electron microscopy and as disinfectants.


Glutaraldehyde provides water resistance to protein and polyhydroxy compounds by reacting through cross linking.
Glutaraldehyde acts as an intermediate for the production of resins, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, photographic films and for stabilization of proteins on agarose beads, activation of polystyrene and glass for immobilization of antibodies and antigens and coupling peptides onto carrier proteins.


Glutaraldehyde is a preservative with biological spectrum including gram +/- bacteria – aerobic, anaerobic and sulfate-reducing, yeast and some fungi.
Glutaraldehyde is used in shampoo, conditioner, shower gel, liquid soap and raw materials.
Glutaraldehyde offers characteristics such as no formaldehyde and high salt tolerance.


Glutaraldehyde offers compatibility with charged-, uncharged surfactants and other preservatives.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25% in water, is primarily for use as a protein cross-linking agent.
In the laboratory, glutaraldehyde solution is commonly used as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and as a disinfectant for medical equipment.


Glutaraldehyde may effectively crosslink amine and hydrazine derivatives to proteins and other amine-containing polymers; biotin hydrazides have been directly coupled to nucleic acids with glutaraldehyde in a reaction that is potentially useful for conjugating fluorescent hydrazides and hydroxylamines to DNA.


Glutaraldehyde is a colorless, oily liquid with a sharp, pungent odor.
Glutaraldehyde is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment.
For example, Glutaraldehyde is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, waste water treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, in fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials.


Glutaraldehyde may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is employed as an embalming fluid, is a component of leather tanning solutions, and occurs as an intermediate in the production of certain industrial chemicals.


Glutaraldehyde is frequently used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker.
The oligomeric state of proteins can be examined through this application.
A glutaraldehyde solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used for system disinfection and as a preservative for long term storage.
Glutaraldehyde is used in biological electron microscopy as a fixative.


Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins and is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilise cell and organelle membrane lipids.
Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedment in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.


Glutaraldehyde is also used in SDS-PAGE to fix proteins and peptides prior to staining.
Typically, a gel is treated with a 5% solution for approximately one half hour, after which Glutaraldehyde must be thoroughly washed to remove the yellow stain brought about by reacting with free tris.
Glutaraldehyde has been a high-level disinfectant for over 50 years.


As a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to eliminate harmful microorganisms on surgical instruments and has other uses as a fixative or preservative in other parts of a healthcare facility.
Glutaraldehyde is used in hospitals and medical and dental offices in solutions for cold sterilization and automatic processing of x-rays.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in histology and microscopy, chemical intermediate, embalming fluid, biocide (cosmetics, water treatment, oilfield, and fish farming applications), disinfectant, cross-linking agent, leather tanning agent, gelatine hardening agent, and keratolytic.


Glutaraldehyde is used as an antimicrobial agent in agricultural, food handling, commercial, industrial, residential, public, and medical environments.
Glutaraldehyde is also used as materials preservative (cleansers, adhesives, paper, water based coatings, latex paints, inks, dyes, concrete admixtures, and reverse osmosis membranes) and in industrial processes and water systems treatment (recirculating and waste-water water systems, drilling muds, oil and gas storage systems, paper mills, and metalworking fluids).


Glutaraldehyde is used in a variety of applications, including disinfection and sanitization.
Glutaraldehyde-containing formulations address the needs of a variety of industries due to its strong efficacy across a broad pH range.
Crosslinking rigidifies and deactivates many biological functions, so in this way, Glutaraldehyde solutions are used as biocides and as fixative.


As a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments.
Glutaraldehyde is used as Disinfectant for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized
Glutaraldehyde is used as A cross-linking and tanning agent
Glutaraldehyde is used as A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines


Glutaraldehyde is used as An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems
Glutaraldehyde is used as A slimicide in paper manufacturing
Glutaraldehyde is used as A preservative in cosmetics
Glutaraldehyde is used as A disinfectant in animal housing


Glutaraldehyde is used as A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs
Glutaraldehyde is used as A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
Glutaraldehyde is used as In embalming solutions
Glutaraldehyde is used as In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses


Glutaraldehyde is used as In various clinical applications
Glutaraldehyde may be used in select goods, such as paint and laundry detergent.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids.
Glutaraldehyde also used for undersea pipes to protect against corrosion.


Another application for treatment of proteins with Glutaraldehyde is the inactivation of bacterial toxins to generate toxoid vaccines.
Glutaraldehyde is also used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis under the control of dermatologists.
In people who have frequent sweating but do not respond to aluminum chloride.


Glutaraldehyde solution is an effective agent to treat palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis as an alternative to tannic acid and formaldehyde.
Veterinary uses: Glutaraldehyde diluted with water is often sold as alternative to carbon dioxide gas injection for aquarium plants.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly also used by aquarists in low doses as an algaecide.
Glutaraldehyde is used to disinfect medical and dental equipment.


Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is used to reduce degradation in cells, tissues, and entire organisms before further experiments like electron microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is used to fix specimen before electron microscopy where Glutaraldehyde is employed alone or mixed with polymethanal (paraformaldehyde) as the first of 2 fixations followed by osmium tetroxide.


Glutaraldehyde is used as an amine cross-linker.
Glutaraldehyde is used in SDS-PAGE to fix/crosslink proteins and peptides prior to staining.
Gels are treated with a 5% solution for ~30 min, after which it must be thoroughly washed to remove the yellow stain brought about by reacting with free Tris.


Alternatively, gels can be washed before fixation.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.
At room temperature Glutaraldehyde is a pungent colourless oily liquid and is mainly available as an aqueous solution of 50% concentration.
A Glutaraldehyde solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used as a biocide for system disinfection and as a preservative for long term storage.


Glutaraldehyde is a sterilant, killing endospores in addition to many microorganisms and viruses.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor used to sterilize medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy.


Glutaraldehyde is employed as an embalming fluid, is a component of leather tanning solutions, and occurs as an intermediate in the production of certain industrial chemicals.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is frequently used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker.


The oligomeric state of proteins can be examined through this application.
Monomeric Glutaraldehyde can polymerize by aldol condensation reaction yielding alpha,beta-unsaturated poly-Glutaraldehyde.
This reaction usually occurs at alkaline pH values.
A Glutaraldehyde solution of 0.1% to 1.0% concentration may be used for system disinfection and as a preservative for long term storage.


Glutaraldehyde is used in biological electron microscopy as a fixative.
Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins and is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilise cell and organelle membrane lipids.


Fixation is usually followed by dehydration of the tissue in ethanol or acetone, followed by embedment in an epoxy resin or acrylic resin.
Glutaraldehyde is also used in SDS-PAGE to fix proteins and peptides prior to staining.
Typically, a gel is treated with a 5% solution for approximately one half hour, after which it must be thoroughly washed to remove the yellow stain brought about by reacting with free tris.


Glutaraldehyde is claimed that it provides a bioavailable source of carbon for higher plants that is not available to algae.
Glutaraldehyde is used for cross-linking proteins and polyhydroxy materials.
Also Glutaraldehyde is used as a fixative for tissues and as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker.


Glutaraldehyde is also used in coupling reaction of biotin hydrazides to nucleic acids which is useful for conjugating fluorescent hydrazides and hydroxylamines to DNA and for stabilization ofproteins on agarose beads,activation of polystyrene and glass, for immobilization of antibodies and antigens.
Glutaraldehyde is a disinfectant, which is rapidly effective against vegetative forms of Gram-positiveand Gram-negative bacteria.


Glutaraldehyde is used in hospitals and medical and dental offices in solutions for cold sterilization and automatic processing of x-rays.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in histology and microscopy, chemical intermediate, embalming fluid, biocide (cosmetics, water treatment, oilfield, and fish farming applications), disinfectant, cross-linking agent, leather tanning agent, gelatine hardening agent, and keratolytic.


Glutaraldehyde is used as an antimicrobial agent in agricultural, food handling, commercial, industrial, residential, public, and medical environments.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a fungicide, also used for leather tanning.


Also Glutaraldehyde is used as materials preservative (cleansers, adhesives, paper, water based coatings, latex paints, inks, dyes, concrete admixtures, and reverse osmosis membranes) and in industrial processes and water systems treatment (recirculating and waste-water water systems, drilling muds, oil and gas storage systems, paper mills, and metalworking fluids).
The largest single use of Glutaraldehyde is as an antimicrobial, bactericide, fungicide and a virucide.


Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize hospital and veterinary equipment, and to disinfect surfaces in hospitals, veterinary hospitals, nursing homes, and food processing plants.
Glutaraldehyde is used to prevent bacterial growth in water supplies for washing air, cooler systems, logging ponds, and pulp and paper water systems.


Smaller uses are as an embalming fluid, as a fixative for tissues, for film processing and leather tanning.
Glutaraldehyde is used as bactericide, disinfector, tanning agent, widely used in petroleum development, leather treatment, food, plastics, coatings etc.


Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant, as an intermediate in classical synthesis of pseudopelleterine, as a tanning agent in leather, and in the sterilization of endoscopic instruments, dental and barber equipment, thermometers, rubber or plastic equipment which cannot be heat sterilized.
Glutaraldehyde is used also as embalming fluid, in electron microscopy. Hardener for photographic gelatin.


Glutaraldehyde, Pharmacological agent used for hyperhidrosis and antifungal purposes and for treatment of warts and some bullous diseases as well as herpes infections.
Glutaraldehyde contains 5% sorbitan sesquioleate as emulsifier.
Glutaraldehyde is used as an antimicrobial agent in sugar mills and as a fixing agent in the immobilisation of glucose isomerase enzyme preparations for use in the manufacture of high fructose corn syrup.


Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments.
Glutaraldehyde known as polycycloglutaracetal used as a fertilizer for aquatic plants.


It is claimed that Glutaraldehyde provides a bioavailable source of carbon for higher plants that is not available to algae.
Though not marketed as such due to federal regulations, the biocidal effect of Glutaraldehyde kills most algae at concentrations of 0.5 - 5.0 ppm.
These levels are not harmful to most aquatic fauna and flora.


Adverse reactions have been observed by some aquarists at these concentrations in some aquatic mosses, liverworts, and vascular plants.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a chemical preservative.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is used as bactericide, disinfector, tanning agent, widely used in petroleum development, leather treatment, food, plastics, coatings etc.


Glutaraldehyde is also employed as an embalming fluid, is a component of leather tanning solutions, and occurs as an intermediate in the production of certain industrial chemicals.
Crosslinking rigidifies and deactivates many biological functions, so in this way, Glutaraldehyde solutions are used as biocides and as fixative.


Glutaraldehyde is frequently used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker.
The oligomeric state of proteins can be examined through this application.
A pungent colorless oily liquid, Glutaraldehyde is used to disinfect medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly also used by aquarists in low doses as an algaecide.


Glutaraldehyde is applied as a disinfectant for heat-sensitive medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde’s biocidal properties are also utilized for industrial water treatment, hydraulic fracking, and as a topical wart treatment.
Glutaraldehyde is a preferred fixing agent for biological tissues, since it is nonvolatile, and is widely used for leather tanning, embalming, creation of toxoid vaccines, or preparing cell specimens for electron microscopy.


Glutaraldehyde is also used to fix certain enzymes during the production of high fructose corn syrup.
Glutaraldehyde is widely used in embalming; in the manufacture of adhesives, sealants, and electrical products; as a cross-linking agent for proteins and polyhydroxy compounds; in microcapsules containing flavoring agents; and as a tissue fixative in electron microscopy, the paper and leather tanning industries, and x-ray film developing solutions.


Glutaraldehyde is also used as a sterilizing agent for plastics, rubber, thermometers, lenses, and other surgical, dental, and hospital equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is an effective sporicidal agent, requiring about 3 h for an almost complete kill of spores as well as gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses.


Glutaraldehyde has been used in surgical procedures including colonic anastomoses and dental pulpotomies.
Glutaraldehyde solutions (5-25%) are used clinically to treat skin disorders, including warts, hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating of the hands or soles of the feet), herpes simplex, and herpes zoster, and in the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses.


The preservative and antimicrobial properties of Glutaraldehyde have found broad application in cosmetic, toiletry, and chemical specialty products because of Glutaraldehyde's water solubility and usefulness in systems containing secondary or tertiary amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, or protonated amines.
Glutaraldehyde solutions often are used as cell and tissue fixatives in biochemical experiments during space-shuttle flights.


Glutaraldehyde diluted with water is often sold as alternative to carbon dioxide gas injection for aquarium plants.
A pungent colorless oily liquid, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilise medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde, 2%, solution is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative prior to SDS-PAGE, staining, or electron microscopy.


Glutaraldehyde is a disinfectant, medication, preservative, and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde is widely used for oil production, medical care, bio-chemical, leather treatment, tanning agents, protein cross-linking agent; in the preparation of heterocyclic compounds; also used for plastics, adhesives, fuels, perfumes, textile, paper making, printing; corrosion prevention of instruments and cosmetics etc.


Glutaraldehyde is used as Disinfectant for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized
Glutaraldehyde is used as A cross-linking and tanning agent
Glutaraldehyde is used as A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines
Glutaraldehyde is used as An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems


Glutaraldehyde is used as A slimicide in paper manufacturing
Glutaraldehyde is used as A preservative in cosmetics
Glutaraldehyde is used as A disinfectant in animal housing
Glutaraldehyde is used as A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs


Glutaraldehyde is used as A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
Glutaraldehyde is used as In embalming solutions
Glutaraldehyde is used as In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
Glutaraldehyde is used as In various clinical applications


Glutaraldehyde is used as Disinfectant, biocide, tissue fixative, medicine (wart treatment); component of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) fluid.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a medication, preservative, disinfectant and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde is used to disinfect the surgical instruments as well as other items of hospitals.
Glutaraldehyde which is also utilized as a cold sterilant that can disinfect as well as clean heat-sensitive medical, dental and surgical equipment.


Glutaraldehyde is used for the sectors of chemical Processing, Gas and Oil.
Glutaraldehyde is a sort of corrosion inhibitor that can be used in several industrial and processing applications.
A pungent colorless oily liquid, Glutaraldehyde from our end is used to sterilize medical and dental equipment.
Glutaraldehyde is also used for industrial water treatment and as a preservative.


The use of Glutaraldehyde is particularly recommended in the Biosafety Ruls of the National Health Department and in almost all the Reglamentations on the subject in the work.
Glutaraldehyde is also recommended by almost all the manufacturers of endoscopic instruments, for their disinfection of high level and/or sterilization.


In neutral or slightly alkaline environments, this product develops its peak of efficacy, killing Gram + bacteria, Gram - bacteria, fungus, lipophilic virus, microbacteria, and even bacterial spores.
Moreover, when the product is activated, the medium and the stabilizing and oxidizing additives of it, provides the product longer shelf life to surgical instruments in general, prevents drying and cracking of plastic and rubber materials, as well as the corrosion of the low quality stainless steel materials.


Glutaraldehyde is a potent antimicrobial/sterilant used to disinfect equipment, surfaces, and laundry in the health care and cosmetology industries.
Glutaraldehyde is used in leather treatments, chemical syntheses, x-ray film developers, paper manufacture and paper finishes, and as a preservative in paints and art paints.


Glutaraldehyde is used as an embalming fluid and in many biochemical applications such as tissue fixative in electron microscopy and as an aminereactive homobifunctional crosslinker.
Glutaraldehyde is mainly used in the high performance disinfection and/or sterilization of elements that cannot be disinfected and/or sterilized through conventional ways (vapor, dry heat, radiation, etc.).


-Application Areas of Glutaraldehyde:
*Disinfectant Chemical
*Water Treatment Chemical
*Pharmaceutical Chemical
*Biocides


-Biochemistry:
Glutaraldehyde is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins.
Glutaraldehyde is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.


-Glutaraldehyde is used for industrial, laboratory, agricultural, medical, and some household purposes, primarily for disinfecting and sterilization of surfaces and equipment.
For example, Glutaraldehyde is used in oil and gas recovery operations and pipelines, waste water treatment, x-ray processing, embalming fluid, leather tanning, paper industry, in fogging and cleaning of poultry houses, and as a chemical intermediate in the production of various materials.


-Material Science:
In material science Glutaraldehyde application areas vary from polymers to metals and biomaterials.
Glutaraldehyde commonly used as fixing agent before characterization of biomaterials for microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is a powerfull crosslinking agent for many polymers contain primer amine groups.
Crosslinking with Glutaraldehyde can be used for a polymeric mixture or also can we used as interlinking agent between two different polymeric layers, and an interlinking agent to improve the adhesion force between two polymeric coatings.


-Dermatological uses of Glutaraldehyde:
As a medication Glutaraldehyde is used to treat plantar warts.
For this purpose, a 10% w/v solution is used.
Glutaraldehyde dries the skin, facilitating physical removal of the wart.


-Medical:
*Clinical uses:
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant and medication.
Usually applied as a solution, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.


-Biochemistry:
Glutaraldehyde is used in biochemistry applications as an amine-reactive homobifunctional crosslinker and fixative.
Glutaraldehyde kills cells quickly by crosslinking their proteins. It is usually employed alone or mixed with formaldehyde as the first of two fixative processes to stabilize specimens such as bacteria, plant material, and human cells.
A second fixative procedure uses osmium tetroxide to crosslink and stabilize cell and organelle membrane lipids.


-Material Science:
In material science glutaraldehyde application areas range from polymers to metals and biomaterials.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly used as fixing agent before characterization of biomaterials for microscopy.
Glutaraldehyde is a powerful crosslinking agent for many polymers containing primer amine groups.
Glutaraldehdye also can be used for an interlinking agent to improve the adhesion force between two polymeric coatings.
Glutaraldehyde is also used to protect against corrosion of undersea pipes.


-Clinical uses of Glutaraldehyde:
Glutaraldehyde is used as a disinfectant and medication.
Applied as a solution, Glutaraldehyde is used to sterilize surgical instruments and other areas.


-Dermatological uses of Glutaraldehyde:
As a medication Glutaraldehyde is used to treat plantar warts.
For this purpose, a 10% w/v solution is used.
Glutaraldehyde dries the skin, facilitating physical removal of the wart.
Glutaraldehyde is also used in the treatment of hyperhidrosis under the control of dermatologists.
In people who have frequent sweating but do not respond to aluminum chloride.
Glutaraldehyde solution is an effective agent to treat palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis as an alternative to tannic acid and formaldehyde.


-Use in the Aquarium Hobby:
Glutaraldehyde diluted with water is often sold as alternative to carbon dioxide gas injection for aquarium plants.
Glutaraldehyde is commonly also used by aquarists in low doses as an algaecide.


-Glutaraldehyde is used in the health care field as a chemical disinfectant, and, in x-ray film processing.
Of special interest are the areas where it is used as:
*an ingredient in X-ray developers,
*a tissue fixative in the biochemistry of cells and electron microscopy, and an embalming agent.
*Alkaline glutaraldehyde is widely used in cold sterilization of medical, surgical and dental equipment.


-Glutaraldehyde is used for a number of applications:
*Disinfectant for surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized
*A cross-linking and tanning agent
*A biocide in metalworking fluids and in oil and gas pipelines
*An antimicrobial in water-treatment systems
*A slimicide in paper manufacturing
*A preservative in cosmetics
*A disinfectant in animal housing
*A tissue fixative in histology and pathology labs
*A hardening agent in the development of X-rays
*In embalming solutions
*In the preparation of grafts and bioprostheses
*In various clinical applications


-How is Glutaraldehyde Used in Healthcare Facilities?
Glutaraldehyde is used as a cold sterilant to disinfect a variety of heat-sensitive instruments, such as endoscopes, dialysis equipment, and more.
Glutaraldehyde is used as a high-level disinfectant for those surgical instruments that cannot be heat sterilized.


-Glutaraldehyde is used for several applications in healthcare facilities:
*Disinfectant and sterilization of surfaces and equipment
*A tissue fixative in pathology labs
*A hardening agent used to develop X-rays
*For the preparation of grafts



PROPERTIES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Glutaraldehyde is a potent, cross-linking fixative
-bridges larger distances than PFA
-crosslinks are irreversible unlike those of PFA
-larger molecule than methanal from PFA & therefore slower
-penetration into tissue
-causes more autofluorescence than PFA.



PRODUCTION AND REACTIONS of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
PRODUCTION:
Glutaraldehydeis produced industrially by the catalytic oxidation of cyclopentene by hydrogen peroxide, which can be achieved in the presence of various tungstic acid-based heteropoly acid catalysts.
This reaction essentially mimics ozonolysis.
Alternatively it can be made by the Diels-Alder reaction of acrolein and vinyl ethers followed by hydrolysis.


REACTIONS:
Like other dialdehydes, (e.g., glyoxal) and simple aldehydes (e.g., formaldehyde), Glutaraldehyde hydrates in aqueous solution, forming gem-diols.
These diols in turn equilibrate with cyclic hemiacetal.
Monomeric Glutaraldehyde polymerizes by aldol condensation and Michael reactions yielding alpha, beta-unsaturated poly-Glutaraldehyde and related oligomers.
This reaction occurs at alkaline pH values.

A number of mechanisms have been invoked to explain the biocidal and fixative properties of Glutaraldehyde.
Like many other aldehydes, Glutaraldehyde reacts with primary amines and thiol groups, which are common functional groups in proteins, nucleic acids and polymeric materials.
Being bi-functional, Glutaraldehyde is a crosslinker, which rigidifies macromolecular structures and shuts down their reactivity.
The aldehyde groups in Glutaraldehyde are susceptible to formation of imines by reaction with the amines of lysine and nucleic acids.
The derivatives from aldol condensation of pairs of Glutaraldehyde also undergo imine formation.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS of Glutaraldehyde:
*Short-chain aldehydes
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS of Glutaraldehyde:
*Alpha-hydrogen aldehyde
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Short-chain aldehyde
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
Chemical formula: C5H8O2
Molar mass: 100.117
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: pungent
Density: 1.06 g/mL
Melting point: −14 °C (7 °F; 259 K)
Boiling point: 187 °C (369 °F; 460 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible, reacts
Vapor pressure: 17 mmHg (20°C)[2]
Molecular Weight: 100.12
XLogP3-AA: -0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 100.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 100.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 51.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting Point: -15 °C
Boiling Point: 189.0±13.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 66.0±16.8 °C
Molecular Formula: C5H8O2
Molecular Weight: 100.116
Density: 0.9±0.1 g/cm3
Physical Form: Liquid
Melting Point: -5°C
Boiling Point: 100°C
Density: 1.060g/cm³
Packaging: Glass Bottle
Vapor Pressure: 16.4mmHg at 20°C
Quantity: 4 L
Assay Percent Range: 24.0 to 26.5 %
Linear Formula: HC(O)(CH2)3CHO
Merck Index: 15, 4508
Formula Weight: 100.12


Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 104.08373g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.08373g/mol
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 25.3
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Physical State: Liquid
Color/Form: Viscous, oily liquid, Colorless
Boiling Point: 239℃
Melting Point: -16℃
Flash Point: 135 °C
Solubility: Miscible with water;
Soluble in water;
Miscible with methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate.
Soluble in ether (25 °C) 11% w/w.
Limited solubility in benzene, trichloroethylene, methylene chloride, petroleum ether, heptane.
Soluble in alcohols, acetone, and relatively insoluble in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons

Density: 0.9941 g/cm cu at 20 °C; 0.9858 g/cm cu at 25 °C
Appearance: Colorless to Almost colorless clear liquid
H-Bond Donor: 2
H-Bond Acceptor: 2
Vapor Pressure: 0.00 mmHg;3.90X10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Viscosity: 128 mPa.s at 20 °C
Refractive Index: Index of refraction: 1.4499 at 20 °C
Heat of Vaporization: 82.4 kJ/mol at 25 °C
Decomposition: When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Other Experimental:
Henry's Law constant = 3.1X10-7atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.3X10-11 cu cm/mole-sec at 25 °C (est)
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 1.00500 to 1.01100 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 8.363 to 8.413

Refractive Index: 1.43000 to 1.43600 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 188.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.600000 mmHg @ 30.00 °C.
Flash Point: > 300.00 °F. TCC ( > 148.89 °C. )
logP (o/w): -0.180 (est)
Shelf Life: 12.00 month(s) or longer if stored properly.
Storage: store under nitrogen.
Storage: refrigerate in tightly sealed containers. store under nitrogen.
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 1.672e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
Melting point: -10 °C
Boiling point: 101 °C
Density: 1.06
vapor density: 0.8 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.0203 hPa at 20 °C
form: Liquid
color: Yellow
Specific Gravity: 0.918 to 1.123
Odor: Sharp, fruity, medicinal

PH Range: 3.1 - 4.5
Water Solubility: Soluble in water
Min. Purity Spec: ca. 50% in Water, ca. 5.6mol/L
Physical Form (at 20°C): Liquid
Melting Point: -5°C
Boiling Point: 100°C
Density: 1.06
Refractive Index: 1.373
Physical state: liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: characteristic
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point: -6 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 100,5 °C at 1.013 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable


Autoignition temperature: Not applicable
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: > 3,0 at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: at 20 °C soluble
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: 0,27 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not classified as explosive.
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 0,8

Formula: C5H8O2
Formula mass: 100.12
Melting point, °C: -10
Boiling point, °C: 101
Vapor pressure, mmHg: 0.6 (25 C)
Vapor density (air=1): 0.8
Evaporization number: 0.9 (butyl acetate=1)
Critical temperature: 360
Critical pressure: 41.1
Density: 1.014 g/cm3 (20 C)
Solubility in water: Miscible
Surface tension: Refractive index: 1.43 (20 C)
Partition coefficient, pKow: -0.34
Heat of vaporization: 42.5 kJ/mol

Molar mass: 100.117
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: pungent
Density: 1.06 g/mL
Melting point: −14 °C (7 °F; 259 K)
Boiling point: 187 °C (369 °F; 460 K)
Solubility in water: Miscible, reacts
Vapor pressure: 17 mmHg (20°C)
Molecular Weight: 100.12
XLogP3-AA: -0.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 100.052429494
Monoisotopic Mass: 100.052429494
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7



FIRST AID MEASURES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Call a physician immediately.
Do not attempt to neutralise.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use extinguishing measures that are appropriate to local circumstances and the surrounding environment.
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,40 mm
Break through time: > 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: > 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Recommended storage temperature see product label.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8B: Non-combustible



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of GLUTARALDEHYDE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
Pentanedial
Glutaraldehyde
Glutardialdehyde
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaric dialdehyde
1,5-Pentanedial
glutaraldehyde
Pentanedial
Glutaral
111-30-8
Glutaric dialdehyde
Cidex
1,5-Pentanedial
Sonacide
Glutardialdehyde
Pentane-1,5-dial
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaraldehyd
Glutaralum
Glutarol
Ucarcide
Aldesan
Alhydex
Hospex
1,3-Diformylpropane
Gluteraldehyde
1,5-Pentanedione
Aldesen
Novaruca
Sporicidin
Sterihyde L
Aldehyd glutarowy
NCI-C55425
Glutaclean
Sterihyde
Aqucar
Veruca-sep
Relugan GT
Relugan GTW
component of Cidex
Glutarex 28
NSC 13392
Sonacide (TN)
Cidex 7
Ucarcide 250
Relugan GT 50
Sterihyde L (TN)
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
NSC-13392
Glutaral (JAN/USP/INN)
Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
CHEBI:64276
T3C89M417N
1, 5-Pentanedial
MFCD00007025
NCGC00091110-01
DSSTox_CID_5355
DSSTox_RID_77761
DSSTox_GSID_25355
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 25%
Caswell No. 468
Glutaraldehyde solution
1,3-Diformyl propane
Diswart
Gludesin
Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial
Polyglutaraldehyde
CAS-111-30-8
Poly(glutaraldehyde)
CCRIS 3800
HSDB 949
EINECS 203-856-5
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 043901
Glutaric dialdehyde solution
BRN 0605390
pentandial
Dioxopentane
Glutural
Ucarset
Verucasep
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~25% in H2O
Virsal
UNII-T3C89M417N
Glutaral(usan)
glutaric dihydride
GLUTARALDEHYDE, 25% SOLN
Glutaral concentrate
Bactron K31
Ucarcide 225
Glutaraldehyde solution (50% or less)
Pentanedial, homopolymer
pentane-1,5-dialdehyde
Protectol GDA, GT 50
SCHEMBL836
WLN: VH3VH
GLUTARAL [WHO-DD]
EC 203-856-5
GLUTARALDEHYDE [MI]
Pentane-1,5-dial solution
GLUTARALDEHYDE [FCC]
4-01-00-03659 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
BIDD:ER0299
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 50%
CHEMBL1235482
DTXSID6025355
AMY3308
Bio1_000462
Bio1_000951
Bio1_001440
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25% w/w
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50% w/w
Glutaraldehyde solution, 70% w/w
NSC13392
STR01121
ZINC1729593
Tox21_111083
Tox21_201742
Tox21_303295
STL281872
AKOS008967285
DB03266
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25%sol. In water
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25% sol. in water
NCGC00091110-02
NCGC00091110-03
NCGC00257231-01
NCGC00259291-01
GLUTARAL CONCENTRATE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25 wt. % in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O
FT-0626730
G0067
G0068
EN300-18037
D01120
Glutaraldehyde solution, for synthesis, 25.0%
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade II, 25% in H2O
A802339
Q416475
Glutaraldehyde solution, for in vitro diagnostic use
Q-201162
Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O, FCC
Z57127529
F2191-0161
Glutaraldehyde solution, SAJ first grade, 20.0-26.0%
Glutaraldehyde solution, technical, ~25% in H2O (2.6 M)
Glutaraldehyde solution, technical, ~50% in H2O (5.6 M)
Glutaraldehyde solution, 1.2 % (w/v) glutaraldehyde in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~50% in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~8% in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50% in H2O, suitable for photographic applications
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 25% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 50% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 70% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade I, 8% in H2O, specially purified for use as an electron microscopy fixative or other sophisticated use
UN2810
glutaraldehyde
Pentanedial
Glutaral
Glutaric dialdehyde
Cidex
Glutardialdehyde
1,5-Pentanedial
Sonacide
Glutaric aldehyde
Pentane-1,5-dial
Glutaraldehyd
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaralum
Glutarol
Ucarcide
Aldesan
Alhydex
Hospex
1,3-Diformylpropane
Gluteraldehyde
1,5-Pentanedione
Aldesen
Novaruca
Sporicidin
Aldehyd glutarowy
NCI-C55425
Glutaclean
Sterihyde
Aqucar
Veruca-sep
Sterihyde L
Relugan GT
Relugan GTW
component of Cidex
Glutarex 28
NSC 13392
Sonacide (TN)
Cidex 7
Ucarcide 250
UNII-T3C89M417N
Relugan GT 50
Sterihyde L (TN)
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
Glutaral (JAN/USP/INN)
Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
CHEBI:64276
T3C89M417N
1, 5-Pentanedial
NSC-13392
NCGC00091110-01
DSSTox_CID_5355
DSSTox_RID_77761
DSSTox_GSID_25355
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 25%
Caswell No. 468
Glutaraldehyde solution
1,3-Diformyl propane
Diswart
Gludesin
Glutarol-1,5-pentanedial
Polyglutaraldehyde
Poly(glutaraldehyde)
CCRIS 3800
HSDB 949
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 043901
BRN 0605390
pentandial
Dioxopentane
Glutural
Ucarset
Verucasep
Glutaraldehyde solution, for electron microscopy, ~25% in H2O
Virsal
Glutaral(usan)
glutaric dihydride
GLUTARALDEHYDE, 25% SOLN
Glutaral concentrate
Bactron K31
Ucarcide 225
Glutaraldehyde solution (50% or less)
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25% in water
Pentanedial, homopolymer
pentane-1,5-dialdehyde
Glutaral, INN, USAN
Protectol GDA, GT 50
SCHEMBL836
WLN: VH3VH
BIDD:ER0299
Glutaraldehyde Solution, 50%
CHEMBL1235482
DTXSID6025355
AMY3308
Bio1_000462
Bio1_000951
Bio1_001440
NSC13392
STR01121
ZINC1729593
Tox21_111083
Tox21_201742
Tox21_303295
STL281872
AKOS008967285
DB03266
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25%sol. In water
Glutaric dialdehyde, 25% sol. in water
NCGC00091110-02
NCGC00091110-03
NCGC00257231-01
NCGC00259291-01
Glutaraldehyde solution, 25 wt. % in H2O
Glutaraldehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O
FT-0626730
G0067
G0068
EN300-18037
D01120
Glutaraldehyde solution, for synthesis, 25.0%
Glutaraldehyde solution, Grade II, 25% in H2O
A802339
Q416475
Glutaraldehyde solution, for in vitro diagnostic use
Q-201162
Glutaric dialdehyde solution, 50 wt. % in H2O, FCC
F2191-0161
Pentanedial
1,5-Pentanedial
5-Oxopentanal
Aldesan
Banicide
Biomate 743
Cidex
Cidex 7
Cidex-Dialyzer
Cidexplus
Cleancide 275
Diglutaric Aldehyde
Eimaldehyde
Floperm 665X1
Formula H
Glu-Cid
Glutaclean
Glutaral
Glutardialdehyde
Glutarex 28
Glutaric Acid Dialdehyde
Glutaric Dialdehyde
Glutohyde
Hospex
KS 02
Kcide 850
Maxicide Plus
Metricide Plus
NSC 13392
Panavirocide
Piror 850
Relugan GT
Relugan GT 50
Relugan GTW
Sonacide
Sporicidin
Sterihyde
Sterihyde L
Sterisol S
Surcide G 50
T 352
Ucarcide 250
Wavicide 01
glutaraldehyde
glutaric dialdehyde
1,5-pentanedione
glutardialdehyde
glutaclean
glutaral
glutaric acid dialdehyde
glutarex 28
pentanedial
Glutaraldehyde Solution BP
Pentanedial
1,5-Pentanedial
glutaraldehyde sol,F. E. M.,~50% in H2O
glutaraldehyde sol,for E. M.,~25% in H2O
glutaraldehyde grade I
glutaraldehyde 50% aqueous solution*photographic
glutaraldehyde grade I 50% aqueous*solution
glutaraldehyde grade I 70% aqueous*solution
Glutaraldehyde, 25% Aqueous Solution
Glutaraldehyde 50% solution
Glutarldehyde
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaraldehyde disinfectant
1,3-Diformylpropane
1,5-Pentanedial
1,5-Pentanedione
Aldehyd glutarowy
Aldesan
Aldesen
Alhydex
Aqucar
Cidex
Cidex 7
Coldcide-25 microbiocide
component of Cidex
Glutaclean
Glutaral
Glutaraldehyd
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaraldehyde solution
Glutaralum
Glutardialdehyde
Glutarex 28
Glutaric acid dialdehyde
Glutaric aldehyde
Glutaric dialdehyde
Glutarol
Gluteraldehyde
Hospex
Novaruca
Pentane-1,5-dial
Potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
Relugan GT
Relugan GT 50
Relugan GTW
Sonacide
Sporicidin
Sterihyde
Ucarcide
Ucarcide 250
Veruca-sep
BRN 0605390
CASWELL NO. 468
CCRIS 3800
EPA PESTICIDE CHEMICAL CODE 043901
HSDB 949
NCI-C55425
NSC 13392
Glutaraldehyde
Glutaric dialdehyde
Pentanedial
1,3-diformylpropane
1,5-Pentanedial
Glutaric Aldehyde
Glutaric Acid Dialdehyde
Alhydex
Cidex
Dioxopentane
Glutaral
Glutardialdehyde
Glutarol
Sporicidin
Ucarcide
Veruca-sep
Gluteraldehyde
1,5-pentanedione
potentiated acid glutaraldehyde
sonacide
Pentane-1,5-dial
Aldesan
Coldcide-25 microbiocide