2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo Acetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; DBNPA; Dibromocyanoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE; 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE; 2-CYANO-2,2-DIBROMOACETAMIDE; BIOBROM C-103; BIOBROM C-103L; CYANODIBROMOACETAMIDE; DBNPA; DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE; DIBROMOCYANO ACETIC ACID AMIDE; DIBROMONITRILOPROPIONAMIDE; TIMTEC-BB SBB008529; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamid; 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-acetamid; alpha,alpha-dibromo-alpha-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromocyanoacetamide; Dibromo Cyano Acetamide/ 2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide; Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropion; Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano- CAS NO:10222-01-2

2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol; 2,2,2-Trifluoroethan-1-ol; TFE; trifluoromethyl cas no: 75-89-8

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), also known as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide or 2,2'-benzothiazyl disulphide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a rubber chemical used as a vulcanization accelerant.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.

CAS Number: 120-78-5
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4
Molecular Weight: 332.49
EINECS Number: 204-424-9

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) can be used as accelerator for general rubber.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also used as plasticizer in chloroprene rubbes1.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.

The physiologic effect of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity2.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is industry uses also include fillers, fuels and fuel additives, intermediates, process regulator, propels and blowing agents.
The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and building industries.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is usage includes tires, hoses, rubber mats, tarpaulins, unveiled silk goods, wires, cables, and other ‘non-food’ use of rubber products.

Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen as labeled by US Food and Drug Administration and can cause an allergic contact dermatitis.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is physiologic effect is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a useful compound in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) was marketed to the rubber industry under the tradename Altax(TM) by the R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. and was originally developed for safe processing of rubber compounds cured at above 142° C.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is widely used in compounds of all types for many major commercial applications.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be carcinogenic for human.
The mortality and cancer morbidity experience of a cohort of 363 male production workers exposed to MBT while employed at a chemical factory in north Wales showed a significant excess mortality for cancers of the large intestine.

These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).

Technically 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is part of the human exposome.
The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.
An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is approved for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to achieve synergistic effects.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly paired with primary accelerators like sulfenamides or thiurams to enhance the efficiency of the vulcanization process.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is primarily known for its role in the rubber industry, it has also found applications in other areas.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is sometimes used as a fungicide and biocide in agriculture and as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Regulations regarding the use, handling, and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may vary by region.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)'s important for industries and individuals working with MBTS to be aware of and comply with relevant safety and environmental regulations.
In some cases, alternative accelerators may be used instead of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), depending on specific requirements and considerations.

The choice of accelerator can impact the processing characteristics and properties of the final rubber product.
As with any chemical, it is important to consider the environmental impact of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
Efforts are often made to minimize the release of chemicals into the environment and to explore environmentally friendly alternatives in the manufacturing processes.

Ongoing research and development efforts in the field of rubber chemistry aim to improve the efficiency of vulcanization processes and reduce the environmental impact of rubber production.
This includes exploring new accelerators and formulations that provide enhanced performance with fewer environmental concerns.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) undergoes reactions during the vulcanization process.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) linkage in MBTS can break, leading to the formation of reactive sulfur species.
These reactive sulfur species participate in cross-linking reactions with polymer chains, contributing to the formation of a network structure in vulcanized rubber.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is compatible with a variety of rubber polymers, including natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butyl rubber (IIR), and others.

The choice of accelerator can influence the properties of the final rubber product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is known for its relatively moderate vulcanization rate.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to control the vulcanization process and achieve the desired balance of processing time and properties in the finished rubber product.

Like many chemical compounds, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and incompatible substances.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is essential to follow proper storage guidelines to maintain its stability and effectiveness.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is produced on a commercial scale, and there is global trade in this chemical.

Different manufacturers may produce MBTS, and it may be available under various brand names.
Ongoing research in the field of rubber additives and accelerators includes the development of novel compounds with improved performance, reduced toxicity, and enhanced environmental sustainability.
Researchers explore ways to optimize vulcanization processes and improve the overall efficiency of rubber manufacturing.

Individuals working with 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be aware of safety guidelines, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to occupational exposure limits.
Safety data sheets (SDS) provided by manufacturers contain important information regarding the safe handling, storage, and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is classified as a thiazole accelerator and is widely used in the rubber industry to accelerate the vulcanization of rubber compounds.

Vulcanization is a crucial process that imparts desirable properties such as strength, elasticity, and heat resistance to rubber products.
The optimal dosage of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) in rubber formulations depends on various factors, including the type of rubber, the presence of other accelerators or additives, and the desired properties of the final product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) formulations are carefully designed to meet specific performance requirements.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) influences the cure characteristics of rubber compounds.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) affects parameters such as scorch time, cure time, and cure rate, which are critical in determining the processing window during manufacturing.

The vulcanization mechanism involves the cleavage of the sulfur-sulfur (S-S) bonds in 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), generating reactive sulfur species.
These reactive species form cross-links between polymer chains, transforming the rubber from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting material.

Melting point: 177-180 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 532.5±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.5
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5700 (estimate)
Flash point: 271°C
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 0.01g/l
form: powder to crystal
pka: -0.58±0.10(Predicted)
color: Cream to pale-yellow powder
Odor: gray-wh. to cream powd. or pellets, sl. odor
Water Solubility: Merck: 14,3370
InChIKey: AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4.5 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference 120-78-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2,2'-DITHIOBIS(BENZOTHIAZOLE)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105; 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores: 2-3

An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) of the mercaptobenzothiazole group is used as a vulcanization accelerant.

The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and the building industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a non-staining, primary thiazole accelerator for use in natural and synthetic rubbers.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is very active at temperatures above 280°F.

Activation requires the addition of zinc oxide, a fatty acid and sulfur for cure development.
Secondary accelerators used in conjunction with 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) such as aldehyde amines, dithiocarbamates, guanidines, and thiurams will increase cure rates.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also used as a retarder in polychloroprene cure systems, as well as a retarder for peroxide cures.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and BBTS are often employed in tire vulcanization cure systems.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly used as an accelerator in the rubber industry, particularly in the production of tires.

Accelerators are substances that, when added to rubber, increase the speed of vulcanization and improve the properties of the final product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) facilitates the formation of sulfur cross-links between polymer chains in the rubber.
This cross-linking creates a three-dimensional network within the rubber matrix, imparting desirable properties such as increased strength, elasticity, and resistance to heat and aging.

The rubber industry relies on various accelerators, and 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to achieve specific performance characteristics in the final rubber product.
The choice of accelerator depends on factors such as the type of rubber being used, the desired properties of the finished product, and the processing conditions.
As with any chemical substance, safety precautions should be taken when handling 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).

This includes the use of personal protective equipment, proper ventilation, and adherence to recommended exposure limits.
The handling and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be in accordance with relevant regulations and guidelines to minimize potential health and environmental risks.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) during rubber vulcanization enhances various physical properties of the final product, including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and resistance to abrasion and aging.

While 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) offers many benefits in rubber processing, there can be challenges associated with its use, such as the possibility of over-vulcanization, which may lead to reduced flexibility.
Balancing the concentration of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and other additives is crucial to achieving the desired performance characteristics.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) need to be aware of and comply with regulations related to its production, handling, and disposal.
Regulatory standards may vary by country, and 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)'s essential to follow industry best practices to ensure safety and environmental responsibility.

Uses:
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has the potential to combat HPV, acting as a zinc-ejecting inhibitor.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) also can act as radical polymerization photo-initiators or co-initiators.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, nitrile-butadiene, butyl and styrene-butadiene rubber; a retarder for chloroprene rubber.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as rubber accelerator, polychloroprene plasticizer/retarder, and neoprene retarder; Also used for general mechanicals and white stocks.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as cure modifier for neoprene type W and as oxidation cure activator in butyl; Used for extruded and molded products, tires, tubes, wire, cable, and sponge; [Hawley] Workers may be exposed in metals, home, health, laboratory, and building industries.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers.

Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)). This substance can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators. This substance can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is primarily used as a rubber vulcanization accelerator in the production of tires and other rubber products.
The vulcanization process is essential for transforming raw rubber into a more durable and elastic material, suitable for various applications.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a crucial component in rubber vulcanization.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of polymer chains in the rubber matrix, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network.
This network structure enhances the mechanical properties of rubber, including strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear and aging.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly employed in the production of tires.

The vulcanization process, facilitated by 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), is essential for transforming raw rubber into a durable and resilient material suitable for use in vehicle tires.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the manufacturing of various rubber products, including hoses, belts, seals, gaskets, and other molded rubber items.
The improved properties obtained through vulcanization contribute to the longevity and performance of these products.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has been used as a biocide and fungicide in agriculture.
However, its primary and more significant application remains in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may find applications in organic synthesis for the preparation of certain organic compounds.

However, this is a less common use compared to its role in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator used in the processing process for natural and synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also a known allergen and dermatological sensitizer.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products.
Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

In the context of rubber recycling, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and other accelerators used in the original rubber formulation can affect the reprocessing of rubber materials.
The presence of these additives may influence the properties of recycled rubber products.
Ongoing research focuses on developing sustainable alternatives to traditional rubber accelerators, including 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).

This involves exploring eco-friendly options that maintain or enhance performance while reducing environmental impact.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) plays a role in quality control in rubber manufacturing.
Monitoring and adjusting the concentration of accelerators, including 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), is critical to ensuring consistent product quality and performance.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be incorporated into rubber composite materials, where rubber is combined with other materials to create composites with specific properties.
This can be relevant in industries such as automotive, construction, and aerospace.
In research and development within the rubber and polymer industries, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be utilized as a reference or benchmark accelerator in studies investigating new formulations, curing systems, or alternative accelerators.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), along with other accelerators, may be used in the production of rubber soles for shoes.
Vulcanization improves the durability and wear resistance of the rubber, making it suitable for use in footwear.
In some adhesive formulations, particularly those involving rubber bonding, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) might be employed to modify curing characteristics and enhance the performance of the adhesive.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may find applications in the textile industry, particularly in the production of rubberized fabrics and materials where vulcanization is required for improved strength and resilience.
In certain oil and gas applications, rubber components such as seals and gaskets may be vulcanized using accelerators like 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) usage is subject to regulatory compliance and standards in the industries where it is employed.
Compliance with regulations ensures the safety of workers, consumers, and the environment.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is widely used, industries are constantly exploring alternative accelerators and formulations to meet specific requirements, improve processing efficiency, and address environmental concerns.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.

Release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid, formulation in materials and as processing aid.
The vulcanization process involving 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is known for providing rubber products with good temperature stability.
This is essential for applications where the material will be exposed to varying temperatures or extreme conditions.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)s that require enhanced vibration damping properties, such as mounts and isolators in automotive applications, can benefit from the use of MBTS in the vulcanization process.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often included in tire tread compounds to improve wear resistance and traction.
The vulcanization process strengthens the rubber, making it suitable for the demanding conditions experienced by vehicle tires.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) adhere to industry standards and specifications to ensure the compatibility and performance of rubber products.
Standards may vary, and compliance with these standards is crucial for product reliability and safety.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is part of the global supply chain for rubber additives, and its availability can be influenced by factors such as raw material sourcing, manufacturing processes, and market demand.

Safety Profile:
Poison by intravenous andintraperitoneal routes.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) slightly toxic by ingestion.Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenicdata.

When heated todecomposition 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) emits ver.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact.
Direct skin contact or exposure to airborne particles can lead to irritation, redness, or discomfort.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling MBTS.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) dust or vapors may cause respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be provided in areas where MBTS is used, and respiratory protection should be employed if necessary.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to MBTS may result in sensitization, where an individual becomes allergic to the substance.
Sensitization can lead to skin allergies, respiratory issues, or other allergic reactions upon subsequent exposures.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is generally considered to have low acute toxicity, exposure to high concentrations or large amounts may have adverse effects.

Synonyms:
120-78-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole
Thiofide
Dibenzothiazyl disulfide
Benzothiazyl disulfide
Altax
Benzothiazole disulfide
MBTS
Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM
Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide
Pneumax DM
Vulcafor MBTS
Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide
Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE
Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide
Ekagom GS
Accel TM
2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM/C
1,2-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
Royal MBTS
Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-
Dibenzthiazyl disulfide
MBTS rubber accelerator
dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
Vulkacit dm/mgc
2,2'-Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
2-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2,2'-Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
BTS-SBT
Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide
2,2-dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole
Naugex MBT
Benzothiazole, dithiobis-
USAF CY-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(1,3-benzothiazole)
USAF EK-5432
CHEBI:53239
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu
Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
di(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
2,2'-Dithiobis-benzothiazole
2,2'-Dithiobis[benzothiazole]
NSC-2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazoyl disulfide
DTXSID1020146
BI-87F4
6OK753033Z
NCGC00091238-02
DTXCID70146
Caswell No. 408A
NSC 2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyldisulfide
CAS-120-78-5
Benzthiazole disulfide
CCRIS 4637
HSDB 1137
Di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu [Polish]
EINECS 204-424-9
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009202
BRN 0285796
Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
AI3-07662
2,2'-Dithio(bis)benzothiazole
Sanceler DM
UNII-6OK753033Z
Perkacit MBTS
DBTD
dibenzothiazyl disulphide
Dibenzothiazole disulfide
dibenzo thiazyl disulfide
NSC2
Epitope ID:138947
Mercaptobenzothiazolyl ether
2,2'-dithiobisbenzthiazole
EC 204-424-9
Benzothiazole,2'-dithiobis-
Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
SCHEMBL23527
4-27-00-01862 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
2,2'-Dithio-bis-benzothiazole
2,2?-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
CHEMBL508112
di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
bis(benzothiazole-2-yl)disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
Di-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-disulfide
Bis(benzothiazole-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Tox21_111106
BDBM50444458
MFCD00022874
MBTS (2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole)
AKOS001022311
BIS(2-BENZOTHIAZYL) DISULPHIDE
Tox21_111106_1
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULFIDE
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 99%
AM91095
CS-W009852
DB14201
NSC-677459
1,2-di(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [VANDF]
NCGC00091238-01
NCGC00091238-03
2,2'-DITHIOBISBENZOTHIAZOLE [MI]
AC-11588
LS-14263
WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSS-CT56 BN DSJ
D0538
FT-0609300
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [HSDB]
D77699
EN300-7399114
SR-01000944767
2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yldithio)-1,3-benzothiazole
Q2795423
SR-01000944767-1
W-200947
Z56754489
F0900-0449
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole #

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is available commercially as a 20% active solution in a water/polyethylene glycol blend.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) as a preservative enhancer; efficacy of DBNPA; and methods of addition of DBNPA to water-based systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
A discussion on the use of a non-oxidizing, fast-acting antimicrobial agent with a short chemical half-life, in various aspects of metalworking-fluid production and utilization, presented at the 59th STLE Annual

Meeting (Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5/17-20/2004), covers lubricant degradation/stability-microbial; indirect food-contact approvals for DBNPA; decomposition pathways; microbiology.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), is a chemical compound used as a biocide or antimicrobial agent.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications, including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, oil and gas extraction, and various other water-based systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) works by releasing bromine when it comes into contact with water, and bromine is known for its biocidal properties.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) works just like the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has been documented as a useful antimicrobial agent in a number of industrial applications, due to its rapid rate of kill at relatively low use-concentrations, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, chemical nonpersistence, and low environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is white crystals.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA).

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.
The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.

Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.
The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.

This mode of action makes 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.
This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.
This quick action is particularly advantageous in systems where prompt biocidal activity is crucial.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) typically leaves low or no residual in treated water systems, which means that its effects are relatively short-lived.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc.
The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
The solid 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is an efficient germicide for the recycling water system.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery
operations.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.

Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in specific industries and regions.
Compliance with regulations regarding water quality, discharge, and environmental impact is essential.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and solid forms.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used for microbial control, its environmental impact should be considered.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/or pellet form.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.

This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.
The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.

The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent biogrowth/biofouling.

One option is the chemical, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy may be influenced by the specific chemistry of the water being treated.
Factors such as water hardness, alkalinity, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the biocidal performance.

Conducting water quality analyses can help optimize 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) usage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) itself is known for its low persistence in the environment, the breakdown products resulting from its degradation should be considered.
Understanding the biodegradability of these by-products contributes to assessing the overall environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should be aware of potential health hazards associated with exposure.
To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) concentration in the feed water.
Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.

Only very limited information on the suitability of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.
Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-

Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.

The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.

Efforts should be made to minimize discharges of biocidal residues into natural water systems, and users should adhere to environmental regulations.
Regulatory requirements for 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can vary by region and industry.
Users should be aware of and comply with relevant regulations, including those related to water quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection.

In some cases, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other biocides or antimicrobial agents to enhance efficacy or broaden the spectrum of activity.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.

The choice of biocide or combination of biocides depends on the specific application and microbial challenges.
Regular monitoring and testing of water systems treated with 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) are essential to ensure that the desired level of microbial control is maintained.
This may involve microbial counts, water quality analysis, and other relevant tests.

Preparing chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dialkyl amino acrolein, amino-acetal, and methyl cyanoacetate as starting material.
Cyanoacetamide is first made and then you get the 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide by Cyanoacetamide bromination.
The synthesis method of chloroacetic acid as starting material: chloroacetic acid neutralizes sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloroacetate.

Then sodium chloroacetate reacts with sodium cyanide in a butanol solution to produce sodium of cyanoacetic acid.
The concentration of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in a formulation can vary, and it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper dosing to achieve effective microbial control without overdosing.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, some microorganisms may develop resistance over time.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.
Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in a specific application is important for optimal performance.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.
Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important.

Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.
Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.

Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.
Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other athogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) was compared to the other three biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment.
At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

Compatibility testing can help prevent any undesirable interactions that might lead to corrosion or degradation of materials.
In some systems, there may be the potential for the regeneration of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), especially if it degrades or reacts with other components.
Monitoring and adjusting dosages based on water quality conditions can help maintain effective microbial control.

Effluent from industrial processes treated with 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may contain residues of the biocide.
Understanding the downstream effects on receiving waters and ecosystems is important to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.

This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.
Users should consider the compatibility of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.
Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.

Understanding the persistence of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.

However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.
Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).

Prior to introducing 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) into a water system, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted.
This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.

Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.
The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.
Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

Uses:
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in formulating biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.

In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.
In the leather industry, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), in specific concentrations and formulations, may find use as a laboratory reagent for certain applications.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed to prevent microbial contamination in metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations to cool and lubricate metal surfaces.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be applied in membrane bioreactors to control microbial growth and fouling on membranes used in wastewater treatment.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.
As the biocides in broad-spectrum, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to
eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.
This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.
Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.
In the production of fuel ethanol, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications to control microbial growth in cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, and oil and gas extraction processes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used to control bacteria and other microorganisms in oil and gas production systems, including pipelines and storage tanks.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.
As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal
REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.

At the same time, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can selectively brominate or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, resulting in microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be arbitrarily soluble, low toxicity.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a biocide, particularly in water treatment applications.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in water treatment process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial
circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can also be used as a slime control agent.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.
As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product integrity.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied to irrigation water in agricultural settings to control microbial growth, ensuring that the water used for irrigation is free from harmful microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.

In healthcare settings, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is applied in the pulp and paper industry to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the water used during the papermaking process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in metalworking fluids to prevent bacterial and fungal growth, thereby extending the life of these fluids.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in some formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in adhesives and sealants to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of the fluid.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to prevent microbial growth in water-based systems used in textile processing.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.

Safety Profile:
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Contact with the skin or eyes may cause redness, irritation, and discomfort.
As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.

The appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer should be consulted for specific information on handling, storage, and emergency measures.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be corrosive to metals and may cause damage to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a severe skin and eye irritant.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to DBNPA may lead to sensitization, where individuals may develop an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure.

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is a colorless to yellow liquid with a moldy pungent odor.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.

CAS: 10222-01-2
MF: C3H2Br2N2O
MW: 241.87
EINECS: 233-539-7

Synonyms
2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is a fast acting, non-oxidising biocide formulation with a broad spectrum of activity.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide has been developed to control planktonic and sessile micro-organisms which form as biofilms in systems and their pre-treatment systems.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is compatible with system components and can be used with other water treatment products as part of a routine treatment and maintenance programme.

2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide Chemical Properties
Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
Solubility: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: powder to crystal
Pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
Color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820
CAS DataBase Reference: 10222-01-2(CAS DataBase Reference)

Benefits
Used as a preservative of aqueous and water miscible products
Highly efficient
Quick-kill biocides
Rapidly degrading in the environment
Good compatible with other biocides and raw materials
Very cost effective
Effective against Legionella

Uses
Water Treatment:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is employed in water treatment processes to control the growth of bacteria, algae, and fungi in industrial water systems, cooling towers, and water treatment plants.
Cooling Water Systems:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used as a biocide in cooling water systems to prevent microbial fouling, including the growth of algae and bacteria that can lead to corrosion and reduced heat transfer efficiency.
Leather Processing:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is utilized in the leather industry as a preservative to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on raw hides and skins during processing and storage.
Paints and Coatings:
In the paint and coating industry, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is added to formulations to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage, ensuring the stability and quality of the final products.
Oilfield Applications:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide finds application in oilfield operations to control microbial growth in drilling fluids, injection water, and other systems associated with oil and gas production.
Paper and Pulp Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used in the paper and pulp industry to prevent microbiological growth in the papermaking process and on paper products.
Adhesives and Sealants:
In adhesive and sealant formulations, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide serves as a preservative to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of the products by preventing microbial contamination.
Metalworking Fluids:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is employed in metalworking fluids to control microbial growth and prevent the deterioration of these fluids during use.
Textile Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide may be used in the textile industry to protect textiles and fabrics from microbial degradation during processing and storage.
Plastics Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide can be incorporated into plastics formulations to prevent microbial growth on plastic surfaces and maintain the integrity of plastic products.

Chemical Synthesis:
2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide is typically synthesized through chemical processes involving the bromination of cyanoacetamide.

Synthesis Steps:

Starting Material - Cyanoacetamide:
Cyanoacetamide (H₂NC(O)CH₂CN) serves as the starting material. This compound contains a cyano (CN) and an amide (C(O)NH₂) functional group.
Bromination Reaction:
The bromination process involves introducing bromine (Br₂) into the reaction mixture. The bromine reacts with cyanoacetamide to substitute hydrogen atoms, leading to the formation of bromine-substituted cyanoacetamide.
The bromination may occur selectively at specific positions, depending on the reaction conditions and the specific reagents used.
The chemical equation for the bromination reaction is represented as follows:
H₂NC(O)CH₂CN+Br₂→2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide+By-products
H₂NC(O)CH₂CN+Br₂→2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide+By-products

Isolation and Purification:
The reaction mixture is then processed to isolate the desired product, 2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide, from impurities and by-products.
Techniques such as filtration, crystallization, or chromatography may be employed to purify the compound.
Product Characterization:
The synthesized compound is characterized using analytical techniques such as spectroscopy (e.g., NMR - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, IR - Infrared Spectroscopy) and mass spectrometry to confirm its structure and purity.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), is a chemical compound used as a biocide or antimicrobial agent.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

Synonyms: 2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications, including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, oil and gas extraction, and various other water-based systems.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) works just like the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is white crystals.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc.
The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.

The solid 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is an efficient germicide for the recycling water system.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA).

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
Melting point 125℃, soluble in ordinary organic solvents (such as Acetone, Benzene, Dimethylformamide, Ethanol,Polyethylene glycol, etc.).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.

The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.
Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.

The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.
This mode of action makes 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.

This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.
This quick action is particularly advantageous in systems where prompt biocidal activity is crucial.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) typically leaves low or no residual in treated water systems, which means that its effects are relatively short-lived.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery operations.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.
Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in specific industries and regions.
Compliance with regulations regarding water quality, discharge, and environmental impact is essential.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and solid forms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used for microbial control, its environmental impact should be considered.
Efforts should be made to minimize discharges of biocidal residues into natural water systems, and users should adhere to environmental regulations.

Regulatory requirements for 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can vary by region and industry.
Users should be aware of and comply with relevant regulations, including those related to water quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection.
In some cases, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other biocides or antimicrobial agents to enhance efficacy or broaden the spectrum of activity.

The choice of biocide or combination of biocides depends on the specific application and microbial challenges.
Regular monitoring and testing of water systems treated with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) are essential to ensure that the desired level of microbial control is maintained.
This may involve microbial counts, water quality analysis, and other relevant tests.

Preparing chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dialkyl amino acrolein, amino-acetal, and methyl cyanoacetate as starting material.
Cyanoacetamide is first made and then you get the 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide by Cyanoacetamide bromination.
The synthesis method of chloroacetic acid as starting material: chloroacetic acid neutralizes sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloroacetate.

Then sodium chloroacetate reacts with sodium cyanide in a butanol solution to produce sodium of cyanoacetic acid.
The concentration of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a formulation can vary, and it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper dosing to achieve effective microbial control without overdosing.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, some microorganisms may develop resistance over time.

Rotating or combining biocides with different modes of action is a common strategy to minimize the risk of resistance development.
The effectiveness of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be influenced by the pH of the water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is generally effective in a wide pH range, but the optimal pH conditions for its biocidal activity may depend on the specific formulation.

Like many chemicals, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Users should take appropriate precautions during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles.
This can be advantageous in applications where maintaining a low level of residual biocide is desirable.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/or pellet form.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation
into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.
This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.
The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent biogrowth/biofouling.
One option is the chemical, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy may be influenced by the specific chemistry of the water being treated.
Factors such as water hardness, alkalinity, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the biocidal performance.
Conducting water quality analyses can help optimize 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) usage.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) itself is known for its low persistence in the environment, the breakdown products resulting from its degradation should be considered.
Understanding the biodegradability of these by-products contributes to assessing the overall environmental impact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be aware of potential health hazards associated with exposure.

To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) concentration in the feed water.
Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.

Only very limited information on the suitability of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.
Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.
The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) works by releasing bromine when it comes into contact with water, and bromine is known for its biocidal properties.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is available commercially as a 20% active solution in a water/polyethylene glycol blend.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
A discussion on the use of a non-oxidizing, fast-acting antimicrobial agent with a short chemical half-life, in various aspects of metalworking-fluid production and utilization, presented at the 59th STLE Annual Meeting (Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5/17-20/2004), covers lubricant degradation/stability-microbial; indirect food-contact approvals for DBNPA; decomposition pathways; microbiology.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) as a preservative enhancer; efficacy of DBNPA; and methods of addition of DBNPA to water-based systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has been documented as a useful antimicrobial agent in a number of industrial applications, due to its rapid rate of kill at relatively low use-concentrations, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, chemical nonpersistence, and low environmental impact.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5~10 minutes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) was compared to the other three biocides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
Quick kill broad-spectrum microbiocide, fungicide and algaecide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment.
At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

Compatibility testing can help prevent any undesirable interactions that might lead to corrosion or degradation of materials.
In some systems, there may be the potential for the regeneration of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), especially if it degrades or reacts with other components.
Monitoring and adjusting dosages based on water quality conditions can help maintain effective microbial control.

Effluent from industrial processes treated with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may contain residues of the biocide.
Understanding the downstream effects on receiving waters and ecosystems is important to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Prior to introducing 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) into a water system, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted.

This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.
Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.

Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a specific application is important for optimal performance.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.

Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important.
Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.

Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.
Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.
Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.
Users should consider the compatibility of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

Volatilization of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.

Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.
Understanding the persistence of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.
However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.

Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.

The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.
Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

Uses:
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.
In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), in specific concentrations and formulations, may find use as a laboratory reagent for certain applications.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed to prevent microbial contamination in metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations to cool and lubricate metal surfaces.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be applied in membrane bioreactors to control microbial growth and fouling on membranes used in wastewater treatment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a biocide, particularly in water treatment applications.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in water treatment process.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.
In healthcare settings, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
In geothermal heating and cooling systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be utilized to prevent microbial fouling and contamination in the water circulating through the system.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can also be used as a slime control agent.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.
As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product integrity.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied to irrigation water in agricultural settings to control microbial growth, ensuring that the water used for irrigation is free from harmful microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.
As the biocides in broad-spectrum, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.

This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.

Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.
At the same time, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can selectively brominate or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, resulting in microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be arbitrarily soluble, low toxicity.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.
In the leather industry, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.

In the production of fuel ethanol, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications to control microbial growth in cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, and oil and gas extraction processes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used to control bacteria and other microorganisms in oil and gas production systems, including pipelines and storage tanks.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied in the pulp and paper industry to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the water used during the papermaking process.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in metalworking fluids to prevent bacterial and fungal growth, thereby extending the life of these fluids.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in some formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in adhesives and sealants to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of the fluid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to prevent microbial growth in water-based systems used in textile processing.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.
Mainly 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a non-food biocide within the paper industry and as preservatives for coatings and slurries.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in formulating biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.

Safety Profile:
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Contact with the skin or eyes may cause redness, irritation, and discomfort.
As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.

The appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer should be consulted for specific information on handling, storage, and emergency measures.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be corrosive to metals and may cause damage to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to DBNPA may lead to sensitization, where individuals may develop an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a severe skin and eye irritant.

DESCRIPTION:

DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
EC Number: 233-539-7
Preferred IUPAC name: 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
Molecular Formula : C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.989 g per mol


2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water

2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) offers immediate action to kill bacteria, fungi, and algae for use in industrial hygiene disinfection, rapid decontamination, and clean-up raw materials and fouled solutions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a kind of wide spectrum, high efficiency, industrial germicide that can be used in paint and as an adhesive.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.
The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a white to yellow powder with mild medicinal antiseptic odor.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in paper and pulp industry.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is free from impurities and therefore used in many consumer products like inks, waxes, polishes, detergents etc.

Being broad spectrum biocide, 2,2-Dibromo-3 nitrilopropionamide is also used in industry to control fungi etc.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in original container with the lid tightly closed.

DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coatingand slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.


USES OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a biocide used in a variety of industrial processes to control algae, bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Formulations include tablets and both solid and liquid soluble concentrates.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied through shock/slug, initial, intermittent, maintenance, during manufacture and continuous feed treatments, using metering pumps, drip feed devices and other types of industrial equipment.
A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is required for discharges to waterways.


APPLICATIONS OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as Preservatives for paints, waxes, inks, detergents, surfactants, slurries, resins.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as Process water, air purifier system in the machinery manufacturing industry, fungicides, and algicides in municipal water landscapes.









SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
Packed in 25 kg woven bags.
The transportation process prevents exposure and rain.
Store in a ventilated, dry place below 40°C.

Avoid freezing, heating or direct sunlight.
The product shelf life is six months.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
Chemical formula C3H2Br2N2O
Molar mass 241.870 g•mol−1
Appearance White, translucent crystals
Melting point 122 to 125 °C (252 to 257 °F; 395 to 398 K)
Physical state Liquid
Vapor pressure: 25.2 hPa (25℃)
Odor: Mild.
pH: 1.5 to 5
Color: Colorless to Brown
Flash Point: Closed cup: >100°C (>212°F)
Open cup: >=182°C (>=359.6°F) [Cleveland.]
Partition coefficient: noctanol/water
Boiling point : >70 °C (1013 hPa)
Specific gravity (Relative density): 1.25 to 1.3
Appearance White to Creamish crystalline powder.
Assay Not less than 99.0%
PH (1% in water) 4.0 to 7.0
Melting Point Between 125°C to 127°C
Water Content NMT 1.0%



Other names:
Dibromocyano acetic acid amide
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide

2,2-Dimethoxypropane or acetone dimethyl acetal or DMP is an organic compound and an alkylating reagent.
The chemical formula is C5H12O2 and the molecular formula is (CH3)2C(OCH3)2.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic compound that is produced by the acetylation of propylene glycol.

CAS Number: 77-76-9
EC Number: 201-056-0
Hill Formula: C5H12O2
Molar Mass: 104.15 g/mol

2,2-Dimethoxypropane or acetone dimethyl acetal or DMP is an organic compound and an alkylating reagent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols as acetonides.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is the acetalisation product of acetone and methanol.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is commonly used as a water scavenger in water-sensitive reactions — any available water will react with 2,2-Dimethoxypropane to form acetone and methanol.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane-1,3-diol is a chemical compound with the formula CH3OCH2CO2H.

The phosphate group on this molecule can be cleaved to produce phosphoric acid and methanol.
The ring-opening polymerization reaction of this monomer produces polyesters.

This product has been shown to have lipase activity.
The acetylation of this compound gives rise to a carbonyl group, which can be hydrogenolyzed to produce dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a colorless transparent liquid with the smell of acetone.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is moderately soluble in water, soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, n-butane, methanol.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is stable and reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic building block commonly employed as a precursor to generate 2-methoxypropene (MPP).
The degradation study of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane in ionic liquids showed the formation of MPP and 2-ethoxypropene (EPP) in an identical ratio due to the tunneling effect.

Conformational analysis of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane based on ab initio calculations and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has been reported.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane reacts with water to produce methanol and acetone. This reaction has been employed in a method for the quantification of water in natural products by gas-liquid chromatography.
Acidified 2,2-Dimethoxypropane has been employed for the dehydration of biological samples.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane acts as a dehydrating agent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane also serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols, acetonides, isopropylidene derivatives of sugars, nucleosides, methyl esters of amino acids and enol ethers.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OCH3)2.
A colorless liquid, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is the product of the condensation of acetone and methanol.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a water scavenger in water-sensitive reactions.
Upon acid-catalyzed reaction, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane reacts quantitatively with water to form acetone and methanol.
This property can be used to accurately determine the amount of water in a sample, alternatively to the Karl Fischer method.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is specifically used to prepare acetonides:
RCHOHCHOHCH2 + (MeO)2CMe2 → RCHCHCH2O2CMe2 + 2 MeOH

Dimethoxypropane is an intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.
In histology, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used for the dehydration of animal tissue.

Applications of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane acts as a dehydrating agent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane also serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols, acetonides, isopropylidene derivatives of sugars, nucleosides, methyl esters of amino acids and enol ethers.

Dehydrating Agent:
In histology, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is considered to be more efficient than ethanol for the dehydration of animal tissue.
Acidified 2,2-Dimethoxypropane can be used as a dehydrating agent which causes rapid chemical dehydratation of biologic samples for scanning electron microscopy.

Pharma:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate, including intermediates for synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.

Batteries:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane can be considered as a desirable additive in electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries operating at high temperature, ca. 60 °C.
The results of studies reveal that the cyclic life test and storage performance at high temperature in electrolyte with 2,2-Dimethoxypropane additive was better than that in an electrolyte without additive.

Agrochemicals:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a value intermediate for the production of insecticides and fungicides.

Analytical Chemistry:
The well known reaction between 2,2-dimethoxypropane and water allows for the conversion of an aqueous into an organic solution ready to be injected directly into a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) system. This method is proposed for the GC-MS analysis of aqueous solutions containing hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers.

Other uses:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is intermediates of fragrances, perfumes.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols as acetonides.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is use of 2,2-dimethoxypropane and 1H-NMR to distinguish and quantify the external and internal sorbed water in coals.

Production Method of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
2,2-dimethoxypropane was synthesized by an indirect method.
The synthesis of 2,2-dimethoxypropane from 2,2 dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane (DMD) from ethylene glycol and acetone was studied.

Using dichloromethane as water-carrying agent and anhydrous ferric sulfate as catalyst, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane was synthesized after DMD was synthesized and exchanged with methanol.
The overall yield of the two-step reaction was 60%.

Safety of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection
S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition.
S33,37/39 -

Stability of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Stable.
Highly flammable - note low flash point.
Vapour may form an explosive mixture with air.

May form explosive peroxides when exposed to air.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Identifiers of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
CAS Number: 77-76-9
ChEMBL: ChEMBL3184215
ChemSpider: 21106033
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.961
EC Number: 201-056-0
PubChem CID: 6495
UNII: 66P41R0030
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7026441
InChIInChI=1S/C5H12O2/c1-5(2,6-3)7-4/h1-4H3
Key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC(C)(OC)OC

CAS Number: 77-76-9
Molecular Weight: 104.15
Beilstein: 635678
EC Number: 201-056-0
MDL number: MFCD00008479
PubChem Substance ID: 24893272

CAS number: 77-76-9
EC number: 201-056-0
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₂O₂
Molar Mass: 104.15 g/mol
HS Code: 2911 00 00

CAS: 77-76-9
Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 104.149
MDL Number: MFCD00008479
InChI Key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-NShow Less
PubChem CID: 6495
IUPAC Name: 2,2-dimethoxypropane
SMILES: CC(C)(OC)OC

Properties of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Chemical formula: C5H12O2
Molar mass: 104.15 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 0.85 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C (−53 °F; 226 K)
Boiling point: 83 °C (181 °F; 356 K)
Solubility in water: 15 g/L (20 °C)

Grade: reagent grade
Quality Level: 200
Vapor density: 3.59 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 60 mmHg ( 15.8 °C)
Assay: 98%
Form: liquid

Expl. lim.:
31 %, 58 °F
6 %, 27 °F

Refractive index: n20/D 1.378 (lit.)
bp: 83 °C (lit.)
density: 0.847 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: COC(C)(C)OC
InChI: 1S/C5H12O2/c1-5(2,6-3)7-4/h1-4H3
InChI key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling point: 80 °C
Density: 0.85 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 6 - 31 %(V)
Flash point: -10 °C
Melting Point: -47 °C
Vapor pressure: 60 hPa (16 °C)
Solubility: 180 g/l

Purity Limit: ≥ 99% (Gc)
Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molecular Weight: 104.15
Cas No: 77-76-9
Mdl No: mfcd00008479
Appearance: colorless Liquid
Boiling Point: 83 °c
Flash Point: -10 °c
Density: 0.847 G/ml At 25 °c
Refractive Index: n20/d 1.378
Warnings: flammable! Irritant!
Storage Temp: store At 0-8 °c

Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molar Mass: 104.15
Density: 0.847 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -47 °C
Boling Point: 83 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 12°F
Water Solubility: 18 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Solubility: 180g/l
Vapor Presure: 60 mm Hg ( 15.8 °C)
Vapor Density: 3.59 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.852 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear colorless
BRN: 635678
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Explosive Limit: 31%, 58°F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.378(lit.)

Molecular Weight: 104.15
XLogP3-AA: 0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0:
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 104.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 18.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 44
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.850 - 0.851
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -47°C
Density: 0.848
Boiling Point: 79°C to 81°C
Flash Point: −11°C (12°F)
Assay Percent Range: 98%
Odor: Sweet
UN Number: UN3271
Beilstein: 635678
Refractive Index: 1.378
Quantity: 100 mL
Solubility Information: Soluble in benzene,carbon tetrachloride,ethyl ether and n-butane,methanol. Moderately soluble in water.
Formula Weight: 104.15
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: 2,2-Dimethoxypropane

Related Products of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
3-(2-N,N-Diethylaminoethylaminocarbonyl)phenylboronic acid, hydrochloride
4-[2-(N,N-Diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl]phenylboronic acid hydrochloride
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
4-(N,N-Diethylaminomethyl)benzeneboronic acid
3,3-Dimethyl 1-Indanone

Names of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane

Other name:
acetone dimethyl acetal

Synonyms of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
C.I. 77769
2,2-Dimethoxypropane
2,2-DIMETHOXYPROPANE
Dimolybdenum trioxide
2,2-dimethoxy propane
Dimethoxypropane, 2,2-
Propane,2,2-dimethoxy-
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy-
ACETONE DIMETHYL ACETAL
Acetone dimethyl acetal
Molybdenum oxide (Mo2O3)
2-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-methylpyrimidine
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, (Acetone dimethyl acetal)
2,2-Dimethoxypropan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2-Dimethoxypropane [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
2,2-Diméthoxypropane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2-Dimethyoxypropane
201-056-0 [EINECS]
77-76-9 [RN]
Acetone dimethyl acetal
ACETONE DIMETHYL KETAL
acetone dimethylacetal
Acetone-dimethyl acetal
DMP
MFCD00008479 [MDL number]
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy- [ACD/Index Name]
2,2-DIMETHOXY PROPANE
Acetone dimethyl acetal; DMP
ACETONE, DIMETHYL ACETAL
Acetone, dimethyl acetal (8CI)
STR01454
acetone dimethyl acetal
propane
2,2-dimethoxy
acetone dimethyl ketal
acetone
dimethyl acetal
acetone-dimethyl acetal
2,2-dimethoxy propane
acetone dimethylacetal
2,2-dimethyoxypropane
2,2-dimethoxy-propane
dimethoxypropanShow Less
2,2-DIMETHOXYPROPANE
77-76-9
Acetone dimethyl acetal
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy-
Acetone dimethyl ketal
Acetone, dimethyl acetal
2,2-dimethoxy-propane
acetone dimethylacetal
2,2-dimethoxy propane
NSC-62085
Acetone-dimethyl acetal
66P41R0030
2,2-Dimethyoxypropane
EINECS 201-056-0
NSC 62085
dimethoxypropan
AI3-26275
dimethoxy propane
UNII-66P41R0030
2,2dimethoxypropane
acetone dimethylketal
2,2-dimethoxypropan
2,2-dimetoxypropane
2 2-dimethoxypropane
2,2 dimethoxypropane
2.2-dimethoxypropane
Propane,2-dimethoxy-
2, 2-dimethoxypropan
2,2 dimethoxy propane
2,2,-dimethoxypropane
2,2-di-methoxypropane
2,2-dimethyloxypropane
2, 2-Dimethoxypropane
2,2-dimethoxyl propane
2,2-bis(methyloxy)propane
EC 201-056-0
SCHEMBL49039
CHEMBL3184215
DTXSID7026441
dimethylformaldehyde dimethylacetal
ZINC402867
NSC62085
STR01454
Tox21_200627
MFCD00008479
AKOS000121900
CAS-77-76-9
NCGC00248770-01
NCGC00258181-01
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, analytical standard
BP-20658
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, reagent grade, 98%
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, for GC derivatization
A0057
FT-0609249
EN300-29553
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, purum, >=96.0% (GC)
J-506803
Q4596749
F0001-1976

DESCRIPTION:

2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is suitable for water curing systems and is a strong foaming catalyst.
Due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, the storage period of NCO components can be prolonged.

CAS No.:6425-39-4
EC Number, 229-194-7
Chemical Name:2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether
Molecular weight：244.33

SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
DMDEE;Niax« Catalyst DMDEE;4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine
Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine,2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether,2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether,4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine),4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether
4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin;Dimorpholinodiethylether;BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER;BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER;LUPRAGEN(R) N 106;4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE;4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE;2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER



2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI; Sinocat® DMDEE is mainly used In one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
The addition amount accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.


2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.

2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.

APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) catalyst is a good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
When used in moisture-cured systems, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) provides a stable prepolymer with a rapid cure.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) can also be used in flexible polyester-based urethane foams, as well as semiflexible foams and HR molded foams.



USES OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
Its use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.

Its use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
Item, Standard
Appearance, Colorless transparent liquid
Chromaticity, ＜2
Water content, ≤0.1%
Content, ≥99%
Color Amber
Flash point, PMCC, °C (°F) 166 (330)
Freezing point, °C -28
Initial Boiling point, °C 309
pH 10.3
Specific gravity, 20/20°C 1.06
Vapor pressure, mm Hg, 20°C < 1
Viscosity, cSt, 15.5°C (60°F) 29
VOC Content, %, by ASTM D 2369 76
Water solubility, % > 10
CAS:, 6425-39-4
MF:, C12H24N2O3
MW:, 244.33
EINECS:, 229-194-7
Boiling point, 309 °C(lit.)
density, 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
refractive index, n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Fp, 295 °F
CAS DataBase Reference, 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl) bis-(6425-39-4)

Product Name:
Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Other Name:
Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-;Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-;4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine];Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether;2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine];4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine;Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;Texacat DMDEE;Jeffcat DMDEE;Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether;PC CAT DMDEE;Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether;Dabco DMDEE;NSC 28749;U-CAT 660M;Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether;DMDEE;4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine;Lupragen N 106;N 106;JD-DMDEE;442548-14-3
CAS No.:
6425-39-4
Molecular Formula:
C12H24N2O3
InChIKeys:
InChIKey=ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
244.33
Exact Mass:
244.33
EC Number:
229-194-7
UNII:
5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number:
28749
DSSTox ID:
DTXSID9042170
HScode:
2934999090
PSA:
34.2
XLogP3:
-0.6
Appearance:
Liquid
Density:
1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point:
176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point:
295 °F
Refractive Index:
1.482


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine-based catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.


CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
MDL number: MFCD00072740
Chemical name: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3



SYNONYMS:
2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, [ChemIDplus] Lupragen N 106, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether, DMDEE, [BASF MSDS] DABCO DMDEE catalyst, [Air Products MSDS] JCDMDEE, JEFFCAT DMDEE, [Huntsman Petrochemical, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, 2,2′-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, .BETA., .BETA.'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)BIS(MORPHOLINE), 4,4'- (OXYDIETHYLENE)DIMORPHOLINE, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS(MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2, 1-ETHANEDIYL)BIS-, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)DI-, NSC-28749, 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Niax« Catalyst DMDEE, 4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, Morpholone 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- 4,4’-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholone], Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether



2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine-based catalyst .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid and is soluble in water.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for water curing systems.


Due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups, NCO-containing components can have a long storage period.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is one of the important polyurethane catalysts.


There are two methods for the synthesis of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether: diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and metal catalysts, reacting at high temperature and high pressure to obtain bismorpholinyl diethyl ether; or diethylene glycol and morpholine in hydrogen and metal catalyst copper or cobalt.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong blowing catalyst with low gelling activity.
Therefore, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a preferred catalyst for one-component polyurethane systems (OCF and prepolymers) with long shelf life.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane
Stored 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing system.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst, which can make NCO containing components have a long storage life due to the steric effect of amino group.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, with the chemical formula C10H20N2O2 and CAS registry number 6425-39-4, is a compound known for its use as a solvent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.


This colorless liquid, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, also referred to as DME, is characterized by its two morpholine rings attached to the diethyl ether backbone.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a straw yellow viscous liquid.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an odor of amines.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has fishy odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether acts as a very selective blowing catalyst.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether provides a stable prepolymer system.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a liquid, tertiary amine catalyst used in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams and
adhesives.


In polyol formulations, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has shown good blowing efficiency and mild gel activity, and is excellent for consideration where storage stability is critical due to the acidity coming from HFO, formic acid or polyesters.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for water curing systems, A strong blowing catalyst, due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, can extend the storage period of NCO components, suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong blowing catalyst.


Due to the steric hindrance of the amino group, the NCO-containing components have a long storage period.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, with the chemical formula C10H24N2O2, has the CAS number 6425-39-4.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a chemical compound that appears as a colorless liquid with a faint odor.


The basic structure of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether consists of two morpholine rings attached to an ethyl group.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is soluble in water.
In terms of safety information, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is important to avoid direct contact with this chemical.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also miscible with water.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether molecule contains a total of 41 atom(s).
There are 24 Hydrogen atom(s), 12 Carbon atom(s), 2 Nitrogen atom(s), and 3 Oxygen atom(s).
A chemical formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can therefore be written as: C12H24N2O3


The chemical formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether shown above is based on the molecular formula indicating the numbers of each type of atom in a molecule without structural information, which is different from the empirical formula which provides the numerical proportions of atoms of each type.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a reactive chemical agent that has been used as a sealant for the insulation and maintenance of joints.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether reacts with water vapor or moisture in the air, which causes it to harden.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also known as DMDE and has been used in analytical chemistry as an optimal reagent for reactions with high resistance.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a divalent hydrocarbon molecule with two hydroxy groups on its backbone.
The reaction products of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether are viscosity and reaction solution.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used in coatings due to its reactivity.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


Other release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used for the manufacture of: .


Other release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used for the manufacture of: furniture.


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a polyurethane catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft and semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for use in water curing systems.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.


Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.


Important While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is provided for your guidance only.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a blowing agent in the production of flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also used in hot melt adhesives.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has been studied for its potential applications in organic synthesis and as a solvent for various reactions.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an important compound in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering, contributing to the development of new materials and processes.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used for single-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for use in water curing systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst .


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.
Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.


The CASE material or the like is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a one-component polyurethane system (such as one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam, one-component polyurethane


The catalyst (or curing agent) in grouting materials, etc.).
Since one-component polyurethane prepolymer requires long-term storage stability, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether plays a key role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymer.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether quality puts forward extremely high requirements.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in one-component coating systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used intermediate used in Polyurethane catalysts and Initial product for chemical syntheses.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a catalyst (or curing agent) in one-component polyurethane systems (eg, one-component polyurethane caulk, one-component polyurethane foam adhesive, one-component polyurethane grouting material, etc.) .
Since single-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether plays an important role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also puts forward very high requirements for the quality of bismorpholine diethyl ether products.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and also used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV).
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can also be used as catalyst for formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica.


-Scientific Research Applications of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
*Catalyst in Polyurethane Foam Production:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether: acts as an effective catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams .

2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which are the key components in creating these foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether’s ability to accelerate the gelling process without promoting cross-linking makes it valuable in manufacturing flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams.


-Property Modifier for Analytical Techniques:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) , which is utilized in Matrix Assisted Ionization Vacuum (MAIV) analysis .

This application is significant in the field of mass spectrometry, where 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether aids in the ionization process of analytes, thus enhancing the detection and analysis of various substances.


-Adhesive Formulation uses of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also used in formulating adhesives .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's chemical properties contribute to the adhesive’s performance, particularly in terms of flexibility, curing time, and bonding strength.


-Modifier in Polypropylene Glycol (PPG) Silica:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether serves as a modifier in the incorporation of fumed silica into polypropylene glycol .
This modification is crucial in enhancing the properties of PPG, such as viscosity and thermal stability, which are important in various industrial applications.


-Catalyst for Blowing Reactions:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether: is a good blowing catalyst that is used in reactions to create foams .
This application of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is particularly relevant in the production of insulation materials, where controlled foam expansion is necessary.


-Research on Amine-Based Catalysts use of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
Lastly, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is subject to research as an amine-based catalyst .
Scientists are investigating 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's catalytic properties in various chemical reactions, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly processes in the chemical industry.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is already used in a variety of applications, including as a catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings .

2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can also be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV) .
Future research and development may explore new uses and applications for 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether.



MODE OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether interacts with its targets by accelerating the reaction rate of the polymeric curing process .
This interaction results in a more efficient and faster curing process, which is crucial in the production of various polymeric materials .



BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The biochemical pathways affected by 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether involve the reactions of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether facilitates these reactions, leading to the formation of stable polymeric structures.
The downstream effects include the production of materials with desired properties such as flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.



RESULT OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The molecular and cellular effects of the action of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether are observed in the formation of polymeric materials .
By acting as a catalyst in the curing process, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether enables the creation of materials with specific physical and chemical properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
Target of Action
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, primarily targets the process of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether acts as a catalyst for this process, facilitating the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol incorporated fumed silica .



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether belongs to the group of morpholine derivatives which have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for various applications.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The molecular formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is C12H24N2O3 .
The IUPAC name of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine .
The molecular weight of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 244.33 g/mol .



CHEMICAL REACTIONS ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has a refractive index of 1.484 (lit.) and a boiling point of 309 °C (lit.) .
The density of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in water;
Viscosity (25 ° C, mPa.s): 18
Density (25 ° C, g / cm 3): 1.06
Water soluble: soluble in water
Flash point (TCC, °C): 146
Amine value (mmol/g): 7.9-8.1 mmol/g



KEY FEATURES AND TYPICAL BENEFITS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
• Virtually no impact on shelf life when mixed in isocyanate and isocyanate prepolymers, for ease of use in one-component foam formulations
• Low odor
• High purity



SYNTHESIS ROUTES AND METHODS I OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
Procedure details:
The pressure was set to a constant 16 bar absolute, the fresh gas flow was set to a constant 300 standard l/h of hydrogen and the circulating gas was set to a constant approx. 300 pressure liters/(lcat·h).

Ammonia and diethylene glycol were vaporized separately and preheated diethylene glycol was then introduced into the hot circulating gas stream, after which hot ammonia was fed into the reactor via a pressurized gas pump.
The laden circulating gas stream was reacted isothermally at 210° C. (+/−2° C.) and 16 bar over the catalyst in the tube reactor.

The synthesis was carried out at a space velocity over the catalyst of 0.30 lalcohol/lcat·h, a molar ratio of ammonia/alcohol of 3:1 and an amount of fresh gas/H2 of 300 standard liters/lcat·h.
90% of the alcohol was reacted in the reaction end a selectivity of 50% based on the diol used was achieved.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether was condensed in a pressure gas separator and collected for purification by distillation.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Presure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66 Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Viscosity: 216.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 309 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Molecular Weight：244.33
Exact Mass：244.33
EC Number：229-194-7
UNII：5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number：28749
DSSTox ID：DTXSID9042170
HScode：2934999090
PSA：34.2
XLogP3：-0.6
Appearance：Liquid
Density：1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point：176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point：295 °F
Refractive Index：1.482

Density: 1.061g/cm3
Boiling point: 333.9°C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash point: 96.7°C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area :34.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers;
Polymer Additives; Organics; Polymer Science
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 333.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -28 °C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.331
Flash Point: 96.7±23.7 °C
Exact Mass: 244.178696
PSA: 34.17000
LogP: -1.09
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.482
Product name: 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether

Synonyms: DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.06 g/ml
Melting point: -28 degrees
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.061g/cm3

Boiling Point: 333.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash Point: 96.7 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
CAS NO:6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Organics;Polymer Additives;Polymer Science;
Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 295 °F
Appearance: STRAW YELLOW

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
PKA: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid

Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F

Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry, 2-8°C
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃

Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4

NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6

Exact Mass: 244.17869263
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 172
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: 4,4-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₂₄N₂O₃
Molecular weight: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28°C
Boiling Point: 309°C (lit.)

Flash Point: 295 °F
Preservation conditions: 2-8°C, Dry
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS: 6425-39-4
Category: Plastic Additives
Description: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Canonical SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChI Key: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Complexity: 172

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
EC Number: 229-194-7
Exact Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
Formal Charge: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
NSC Number: 28749
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
XLogP3: -0.6
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier: 5BH27U8GG4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3

International Chemical Identifier (InChI): ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Additional Physical Properties:
Viscosity (25℃): 18 mPa·s
Relative Density (25℃): 1.06
Boiling Point: Greater than 225℃
Melting Point: Less than -28℃
Flash Point (TCC): 146℃
Amine Value: 7.9–8.1 mmol/g



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C30H32N2S8.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly known as Ethylammonium Dibenzyl Dithiocarbamate (EED).
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is primarily used as a chelating agent or complexing agent in various industrial processes, particularly in the field of analytical chemistry and metal ion extraction.

CAS Number: 239446-62-9
Molecular Formula: C34H40N4S6
Molecular Weight: 697.0982
EINECS Number: 427-180-7

Synonyms: Carbamodithioic acid, N,N-bis(phenylmethyl)-, compd. with 2,2a(2)-dithiobis[ethanamine] (2:1), 239446-62-9, DTXSID001088861

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) forms stable complexes with certain metal ions, such as copper, nickel, and cobalt.
These complexes can be utilized in analytical techniques like atomic absorption spectroscopy and chromatography for the determination and quantification of metal ions in different samples.
Additionally, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) has been investigated for its potential applications in the extraction and recovery of metal ions from industrial wastewater and mining processes due to its ability to selectively bind to specific metal ions.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) consists of two ethylammonium groups (-NHCH2CH3) linked by a sulfur bridge (dithio) at the 2,2' positions.
Each ethylammonium group is coordinated to a dibenzyl dithiocarbamate moiety.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is typically synthesized through the reaction of ethylamine with carbon disulfide followed by the reaction of the resulting ethylammonium dithiocarbamate with dibenzyl sulfide.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is generally soluble in polar solvents such as water, ethanol, and methanol.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) forms stable complexes with certain metal ions, particularly those of transition metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt.
These complexes often have distinctive colors and spectroscopic properties, which can be utilized for their detection and analysis.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly used in analytical chemistry for the extraction, separation, and determination of metal ions in various samples, including environmental samples, biological fluids, and industrial effluents.
It exhibits selectivity towards specific metal ions, which makes it useful for the selective extraction and preconcentration of target metal ions from complex matrices.
As a chelating agent, it forms stable chelates with metal ions by coordinating multiple donor atoms (sulfur atoms from dithiocarbamate groups), which enhances the solubility and stability of the metal complexes.

The complexes formed by 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) with metal ions tend to be stable under a wide range of conditions, including variations in pH and temperature.
This stability is advantageous in analytical applications where the samples may undergo various treatments or analyses.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)'s ability to form stable complexes with metal ions often results in low detection limits, making it suitable for trace analysis of metals in complex matrices.

This sensitivity is particularly useful in environmental monitoring and quality control processes.
In analytical chemistry, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is often employed in sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction to isolate and concentrate metal ions from sample solutions prior to analysis.
While the compound exhibits selectivity towards certain metal ions, it may also interact with other components present in the sample matrix.

Careful optimization of extraction conditions and the use of masking agents can help mitigate interference from matrix components.
Due to its potential environmental and health impacts, the use and disposal of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may be subject to regulatory controls in some jurisdictions.
Compliance with relevant regulations and guidelines is essential when handling and disposing of this compound.

Ongoing research aims to further optimize the properties and applications of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate), including exploring its potential in new analytical techniques, environmental remediation strategies, and industrial processes.
Designed to overcome concerns regarding both the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and type IV allergic response problems both in terms of production and application environments.
Functions as a primary or secondary accelerator, capable of replacing conventional thiurams or 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) on a weight to weight basis.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) reduces or eliminate iridescence in production parts.
Exhibits low heat build-up (low hysterisis) and very good compression set in natural rubber – particularly in thicker crosssections that may get over cured.
Reacts so rapidly with sulfur that it is necessary to use the rubber-bound form to prevent premature reactions with sulfur or sulfur-bearing chemicals.

The present invention relates to elastomers, i.e. natural or synthetic rubbers, and also particularly to improved rubber compounds and an improved method of producing moulded cured elastomers.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is well known and established that, to achieve the useful cured state, basic rubber polymers which exist in a viscous form, lying in between solids and liquids, are generally first mixed mechanically with other ingredients in the form of powders, resins or liquids to produce so-called rubber compounds.
Some of the added ingredients are chemicals which can react to bring about the cured elastic state.

These 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)s are then subjected to the curing (vulcanisation) process.
During the curing period, in one common process, compression moulding, the rubber compound is placed to an overfilled capacity within the constituent parts of a suitable mould shaped as a reflection of the eventual component being produced.
During the early stages of curing, the mould parts which encapsulate the rubber compound are subjected to heat and externally-applied hydrostatic pressure.

The applied pressure causes the mould parts to move together until closed, thus producing rubber compound flow and consolidation of the rubber compound within, and expelling excess material.
The 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) thus takes up the shape of the mould.
The heat applied initially causes the rubber compound to soften to facilitate this process, and later causes the chemical crosslinking reactions which vulcanize the rubber compound to a useful elastic state to take place.

In other moulding processes, the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is extruded to a suitable continuous strip (extrusion moulding), or transferred or injected from one mould region to another shaped to form the product (transfer moulding and injection moulding, respectively).
Again the process involves a mechanical shaping followed by curing.
This invention applies to all forming and curing processes such as these or any others used for moulding rubbers.

End use mouldings include the range from small components such as seals and gaiters through shoe rubbers, extruded profiles and tyre treads to hoses and flex elements, and to bridge bearings and other large scale civil engineering structures.
The added ingredients (additives) are incorporated into the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) according to recipes, or formulations, which have been developed through many years of improvement and optimisation to obtain the desired material properties for each of the many different usages of rubbers.
The magnitudes of these properties are commonly used to specify the materials most suited for different applications.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is by far the more common practice to cure the rubber compounds at a temperature in the approximate range of 120°C to 220°C, with the most common temperatures being 130°C to 185°C or thereabouts.
The time required at these temperatures to reach completion of cure varies from approximately a very few minutes at the highest temperatures to several hours at the lowest temperatures, which are usually only used for curing very large articles.
Occasionally a temperature as low as 100°C might be used, but the cure would then normally last for several days.

Such low temperature long cures are normally only used in situations where the cure time does not matter, for example, curing a rubber lining around the inner surface of a storage tank used for containing liquids, etc.
At the most common temperatures of 140°C to 150°C, a time reasonably required for cure would normally lie in the 20 minutes to 60 minutes range.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) exhibits selectivity towards certain metal ions, the selectivity can be further enhanced or modified by adjusting experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, and solvent composition.

This flexibility allows researchers to tailor the extraction process for specific applications or target analytes.
In addition to liquid-liquid extraction methods, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can also be utilized in chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for the separation and quantification of metal ions in complex mixtures.
In some cases, derivatization techniques may be employed to enhance the detectability or stability of metal complexes formed by 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate).

Derivatization can involve modifying the chemical structure of the compound or introducing functional groups that facilitate detection or improve complexation efficiency.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) in quality control processes is essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of analytical results.
Quality control measures may include the use of certified reference materials, method validation studies, and regular calibration of analytical instruments.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is valuable in environmental monitoring programs aimed at assessing the presence and concentration of metal contaminants in air, water, soil, and biota.
Monitoring data can inform regulatory decisions, pollution mitigation strategies, and environmental risk assessments.
As with any chemical reagent, proper safety precautions should be observed when handling 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate).

This includes wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, working in a well-ventilated area, and following established protocols for storage, handling, and disposal.
Ongoing advancements in analytical chemistry and environmental science are likely to drive continued research and innovation in the field of metal ion analysis and extraction.
Future trends may include the development of novel extraction techniques, the exploration of green chemistry principles, and the application of emerging technologies such as microfluidics and nanomaterials.what are the uses.

Uses:
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly employed in analytical procedures for the extraction and preconcentration of metal ions from various sample matrices, including environmental samples (e.g., water, soil), biological samples (e.g., blood, urine), and industrial effluents.
It forms stable complexes with metal ions, facilitating their isolation and subsequent analysis.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes are utilized for the determination and quantification of metal ions in analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

The formation of distinct complexes aids in the sensitive detection and accurate measurement of metal concentrations.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is used in quality control processes in industries such as environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and metallurgy.
It enables the precise measurement of metal impurities or additives in raw materials, intermediate products, and final products, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and product specifications.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is employed in research laboratories for investigating the distribution, speciation, and behavior of metal ions in various systems.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) serves as a valuable tool for studying metal complexation kinetics, thermodynamics, and environmental fate processes.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based methods are utilized in environmental monitoring programs to assess metal contamination levels in air, water bodies, sediments, and biota.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based techniques contribute to understanding environmental pollution sources, trends, and impacts, facilitating informed decision-making and regulatory action.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may find applications in wastewater treatment processes for the removal of heavy metal contaminants prior to discharge into the environment.
Its ability to selectively complex with metal ions can aid in the precipitation or adsorption of metals, contributing to the remediation of contaminated effluents.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is used in academic settings for teaching purposes in analytical chemistry courses and laboratory experiments.
Students learn about complexation chemistry, metal ion analysis techniques, and the principles of sample preparation and instrument operation using EED-based methodologies.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be employed in the mining industry for the extraction and recovery of valuable metal ions from ores and mineral concentrates.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) aids in the selective extraction of target metals during hydrometallurgical processes such as leaching and solvent extraction, contributing to increased metal recovery and process efficiency.
In electroplating and metal finishing operations, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may be utilized as a complexing agent to facilitate the deposition of metal coatings onto substrates.
It helps improve the uniformity and adherence of metal layers, enhancing the quality and performance of finished products in industries such as electronics, automotive, and aerospace.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes can serve as corrosion inhibitors for metal surfaces exposed to aggressive environments such as seawater, acidic solutions, or industrial process streams.
The formation of protective film layers on metal surfaces helps mitigate corrosion damage and extend the service life of metal components and structures.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have shown potential applications in biomedical research and healthcare, including as contrast agents for medical imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

These complexes can be functionalized to target specific tissues or biomolecules, enabling non-invasive imaging and diagnosis of diseases.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes with certain transition metal ions exhibit catalytic activity in organic synthesis reactions.
They can act as catalysts or co-catalysts in various chemical transformations, including cross-coupling reactions, oxidation reactions, and polymerization reactions, leading to the synthesis of valuable organic compounds and materials.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have been investigated for their potential applications in solar cell technologies.
They may function as sensitizers or electron transport materials in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or organic photovoltaic devices, contributing to the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be utilized in water treatment processes for the removal of heavy metal contaminants from drinking water supplies or industrial wastewater streams.

It offers an efficient and selective means of metal ion removal, helping to meet regulatory standards for water quality and protect human health and the environment.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their use in the synthesis and functionalization of nanomaterials with tailored properties and applications.
They can serve as templates, stabilizers, or precursors for the fabrication of nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanostructured materials with diverse functionalities.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be utilized in analytical chemistry for the determination of metal ions in complex matrices such as biological samples, food products, and environmental samples.
Its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions enables accurate quantification using analytical techniques like spectrophotometry, voltammetry, and chromatography.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based extraction methods may find application in the recovery of valuable metals from electronic waste (e-waste).

Given the increasing demand for rare and precious metals in electronic devices, efficient extraction techniques using 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) could contribute to sustainable recycling practices and resource conservation.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their potential use in metal ion sensing and detection applications.
These complexes can be incorporated into sensor platforms or detection assays for rapid and selective detection of specific metal ions in solution, offering potential applications in environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and medical diagnostics.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have shown promise in the development of drug delivery systems and therapeutics.
These complexes can serve as carriers or vehicles for targeted drug delivery, enabling controlled release of therapeutic agents at specific sites within the body for enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based chelation therapy has been investigated as a potential treatment for heavy metal poisoning, particularly cadmium and lead toxicity.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes with cadmium and lead ions can facilitate their elimination from the body by promoting their excretion through urine, offering a potential therapeutic approach for individuals exposed to high levels of these toxic metals.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their antimicrobial properties and potential applications in food preservation.
These complexes may inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and spoilage bacteria in food products, extending their shelf life and enhancing food safety.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based extraction methods could be applied to soil remediation efforts aimed at removing metal contaminants from contaminated soils.
By selectively extracting metal ions from soil matrices, EED facilitates the remediation process, restoring soil quality and reducing environmental risks associated with metal contamination.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes used as catalysts in organic synthesis reactions may enable catalyst recycling and reusability, contributing to sustainability and cost-effectiveness in chemical manufacturing processes.

Safety Profile:
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and its metal complexes may exhibit toxicity to humans and other organisms.
Exposure to high concentrations of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) or its complexes can cause adverse health effects, including skin irritation, eye irritation, respiratory tract irritation, and allergic reactions.
Ingestion or inhalation of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-containing substances may lead to systemic toxicity, affecting the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and other organs.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and its complexes can be hazardous to the environment, particularly aquatic ecosystems.
Discharge of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-containing effluents into water bodies can result in contamination of surface water and sediment, potentially harming aquatic organisms such as fish, invertebrates, and algae.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in food chains, leading to long-term ecological impacts.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) solutions may exhibit corrosive properties, particularly at high concentrations or under certain conditions.
Contact with concentrated EED solutions or exposure to 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) vapors can cause corrosion and damage to skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tissues.
Proper handling and storage practices are necessary to prevent accidental exposure and minimize the risk of corrosion-related injuries.

2,2-Dimethylbutyric Acid; 2,2-Dimethylbuttersäure; ácido 2,2-dimetilbutírico; Acide 2,2-diméthylbutyrique; cas no: 595-37-9

DESCRIPTION:

2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) appears as a colorless liquid.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is Denser than water.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.


CAS Number: 112-27-6
EC Code: 203-953-2
Formula: C10H18O6
Molecular weight: 150.20 g/mol


SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL):
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-; Triethylene Glycol; 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol; Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis- 2-Methoxyethyl ether, Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, Dimethyldiglycol, ‘Diglyme’,2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,Diethylene glycol,Ethylene diglycol,Diglycol,2,2′-Oxybisethanol,2,2′-Oxydiethanol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,Dihydroxy diethyl ether,Digenos,Digol,Ethylene glycol bis-mercaptoacetate,diethylene glycol, 2,2'-oxydiethanol, diglycol, diethylenglykol, 2-hydroxyethyl ether, bis 2-hydroxyethyl ether, ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis, 2,2'-oxybisethanol, 2-2-hydroxyethoxy ethanol, digol,(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethan-2-ol,2,2'-oxydiethanol,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-Oxybis[ethano],2,2'-Oxydiethanol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,2- hydroxyethoxy)ethan- 2-ol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,Bis(β-hydroxyethyl) ether,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL,111-46-6,2,2'-Oxydiethanol,Diglycol,2,2'-Oxybisethanol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,Diethylenglykol,Digol,2-Hydroxyethyl ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-,Digenol,Dicol,Brecolane ndg,Glycol ether,Deactivator E,Dissolvant APV,Ethylene diglycol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,1,5-Dihydroxy-3-oxapentane,Diethyleneglycol,TL4N,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-0xydiethanol,Bis(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxydi-,2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,beta,beta'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Deactivator H,Caswell No. 338A,2,2'-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,DEG,HSDB 69,NSC 36391,CCRIS 2193,DTXSID8020462,bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,EINECS 203-872-2,MFCD00002882,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 338200,BRN 0969209,CHEBI:46807,AI3-08416,UNII-61BR964293,2,2'-Oxybis[Ethanol],Diethylene Glycol (DEG),NSC-36391,bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,2,2-Di(hydroxyethyl) ether,DTXCID20462,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHER,Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl) ether,61BR964293,EC 203-872-2,2,2-OXYDI(ETHAN-1-OL),4-01-00-02390 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-oxybis(ethanol),PEG 400,105400-04-2,149626-00-6,Diethylenglykol [Czech],DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS),DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS],diethylene-glycol,1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, 7,16-bis(1-oxodecyl)-,CAS-111-46-6,Chromate(2-), 2-5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo-2-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)phenylmethyleneamino-.kappa.Nbenzoato(,GLYCEROL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY),GLYCEROL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY],PEG 200,PEG 600,OH-PEG2-OH,diehyleneglycol,Diglykol,Diethyleneglykol,diethyene glycol,2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Etofenamate Imp. F (EP); Etofenamate Impurity F; Glycerol Impurity A,di-ethylene glycol,PEG2000,Diethyl ene glycol,Glicole dietilenico,2-hydroxyethylether,1KA,Diethylenglykol rein,Ethanol,2'-oxydi-,2,2'-Ossidietanolo,2,2'-Oxibesethanol,Ethanol,2'-oxybis-,Glycol hydroxyethyl ether,Diethylene glycol, 99%,3-Oxypentane-1,5-diol,2,2-OXYBISETHANOL,SCHEMBL1462,HO(CH2CH2O)2H,2,2-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),WLN: Q2O2Q,2-HYDROXYETHOXYETHANOL,MLS001055330,BIDD:ER0301,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI],2-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethanol,PEG600,CHEMBL1235226,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB],HO(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH,2-(2-hydroxyethoxyl)ethan-1-ol,PEG4000,PEG6000,Diethylene glycol, LR, >=99%,3-OXA-1, 5-PENTANEDIOL,HMS2270G18,NSC32855,NSC32856,NSC35744,NSC35745,NSC35746,NSC36391,PEG35000,Tox21_201616,Tox21_300064,.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,NSC-32855,NSC-32856,NSC-35744,NSC-35745,NSC-35746,STL280303,Diethylene glycol, analytical standard,AKOS000120101,1ST9049,FS-3891,PEG 10,000,PEG 20,000,NCGC00090703-01,NCGC00090703-02,NCGC00090703-03,NCGC00253996-01,NCGC00259165-01,2,2'-Oxydiethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyl ether,BP-20527,BP-22990,BP-23304,BP-25804,BP-25805,BP-31029,BP-31030,BP-31245,Diethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%,SMR000112132,DB-092325,CS-0014055,D0495,ETOFENAMATE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY],NS00004483,EN300-19318,Diethylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC),Diethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%,E83357,A802367,Diethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%,Q421902,J-002580,F1908-0125,9BAE4479-A6DD-4206-83C1-AB625AB87665,Diethylene glycol, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC),colorless,InChI=1/C4H10O3/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h5-6H,1-4H,Diethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,162662-01-3,31290-76-3,9002-90-8






APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) may be used as a solvent to form a solution of sodium pentaphosphacyclopentadienide.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol.[3]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a widely used solvent.[4]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant.

2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.[3]



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
Density 1.1274 -
Vapor pressure 0.133 Pa
at 25°C
UNEP p.66
Fusion point -5°C
Henry's constant 3.2e-06 Pa.m 3 .mol -1
calculated with EPIWIN
UNEP p.66
Octanol/water partition coefficient (Log Kow) -1.7 -
Chemical name or material Triethylene glycol diacetate
Fusion point -50°C
Density 1.12
Boiling point 286°C
Flash point 163°C (325°F)
Refractive index 1.44
Quantity 250 g
Beilstein 1789453
Formula weight 234.25
Purity percentage 98%





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

DESCRIPTION:
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol appears as a colorless liquid.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is Denser than water.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.


CAS: 112-27-6
EINECS: 203-953-2
Formula: C6H14O4
Molecular Weight: 150.18


SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL:

2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol,2,2'-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol),2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol,Ethylene glycol dihydroxy-diethyl ether
Triglycol,2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-; Triethylene Glycol; 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol; Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis- 2-Methoxyethyl ether, Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, Dimethyldiglycol, ‘Diglyme’,2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,Diethylene glycol,Ethylene diglycol,Diglycol,2,2′-Oxybisethanol,2,2′-Oxydiethanol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,Dihydroxy diethyl ether,Digenos,Digol,Ethylene glycol bis-mercaptoacetate,diethylene glycol, 2,2'-oxydiethanol, diglycol, diethylenglykol, 2-hydroxyethyl ether, bis 2-hydroxyethyl ether, ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis, 2,2'-oxybisethanol, 2-2-hydroxyethoxy ethanol, digol,(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethan-2-ol,2,2'-oxydiethanol,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-Oxybis[ethano],2,2'-Oxydiethanol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,2- hydroxyethoxy)ethan- 2-ol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,Bis(β-hydroxyethyl) ether,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL,111-46-6,2,2'-Oxydiethanol,Diglycol,2,2'-Oxybisethanol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,Diethylenglykol,Digol,2-Hydroxyethyl ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-,Digenol,Dicol,Brecolane ndg,Glycol ether,Deactivator E,Dissolvant APV,Ethylene diglycol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,1,5-Dihydroxy-3-oxapentane,Diethyleneglycol,TL4N,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-0xydiethanol,Bis(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxydi-,2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,beta,beta'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Deactivator H,Caswell No. 338A,2,2'-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,DEG,HSDB 69,NSC 36391,CCRIS 2193,DTXSID8020462,bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,EINECS 203-872-2,MFCD00002882,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 338200,BRN 0969209,CHEBI:46807,AI3-08416,UNII-61BR964293,2,2'-Oxybis[Ethanol],Diethylene Glycol (DEG),NSC-36391,bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,2,2-Di(hydroxyethyl) ether,DTXCID20462,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHER,Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl) ether,61BR964293,EC 203-872-2,2,2-OXYDI(ETHAN-1-OL),4-01-00-02390 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-oxybis(ethanol),PEG 400,105400-04-2,149626-00-6,Diethylenglykol [Czech],DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS),DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS],diethylene-glycol,1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, 7,16-bis(1-oxodecyl)-,CAS-111-46-6,Chromate(2-), 2-5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo-2-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)phenylmethyleneamino-.kappa.Nbenzoato(,GLYCEROL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY),GLYCEROL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY],PEG 200,PEG 600,OH-PEG2-OH,diehyleneglycol,Diglykol,Diethyleneglykol,diethyene glycol,2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Etofenamate Imp. F (EP); Etofenamate Impurity F; Glycerol Impurity A,di-ethylene glycol,PEG2000,Diethyl ene glycol,Glicole dietilenico,2-hydroxyethylether,1KA,Diethylenglykol rein,Ethanol,2'-oxydi-,2,2'-Ossidietanolo,2,2'-Oxibesethanol,Ethanol,2'-oxybis-,Glycol hydroxyethyl ether,Diethylene glycol, 99%,3-Oxypentane-1,5-diol,2,2-OXYBISETHANOL,SCHEMBL1462,HO(CH2CH2O)2H,2,2-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),WLN: Q2O2Q,2-HYDROXYETHOXYETHANOL,MLS001055330,BIDD:ER0301,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI],2-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethanol,PEG600,CHEMBL1235226,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB],HO(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH,2-(2-hydroxyethoxyl)ethan-1-ol,PEG4000,PEG6000,Diethylene glycol, LR, >=99%,3-OXA-1, 5-PENTANEDIOL,HMS2270G18,NSC32855,NSC32856,NSC35744,NSC35745,NSC35746,NSC36391,PEG35000,Tox21_201616,Tox21_300064,.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,NSC-32855,NSC-32856,NSC-35744,NSC-35745,NSC-35746,STL280303,Diethylene glycol, analytical standard,AKOS000120101,1ST9049,FS-3891,PEG 10,000,PEG 20,000,NCGC00090703-01,NCGC00090703-02,NCGC00090703-03,NCGC00253996-01,NCGC00259165-01,2,2'-Oxydiethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyl ether,BP-20527,BP-22990,BP-23304,BP-25804,BP-25805,BP-31029,BP-31030,BP-31245,Diethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%,SMR000112132,DB-092325,CS-0014055,D0495,ETOFENAMATE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY],NS00004483,EN300-19318,Diethylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC),Diethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%,E83357,A802367,Diethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%,Q421902,J-002580,F1908-0125,9BAE4479-A6DD-4206-83C1-AB625AB87665,Diethylene glycol, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC),colorless,InChI=1/C4H10O3/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h5-6H,1-4H,Diethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,162662-01-3,31290-76-3,9002-90-8



APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol may be used as a solvent to form a solution of sodium pentaphosphacyclopentadienide.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol.[3]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a widely used solvent.[4]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant.

2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.[3]



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL:
【Appearance】

Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid, practically odorless, hygroscopic.
【Solubility in water】

Miscible
【Melting Point】

-7
【Boiling Point】

285
【Vapor Pressure】

0.001 (25 C)
【Density】

1.125 g/cm3 (20 C)
【Heat Of Vaporization】

61.04 kJ/mol
【Heat Of Combustion】

-3566 kJ/mol
【Usage】

In various plastics to increase pliability, in air disinfection.
【Vapor Density】

5.17
【Saturation Concentration】

1.3 ppm (20 C)
【Refractive Index】

1.4529 (25 C)

Density 1.1274 -
Vapor pressure 0.133 Pa
at 25°C
UNEP p.66
Fusion point -5°C
Henry's constant 3.2e-06 Pa.m 3 .mol -1
calculated with EPIWIN
UNEP p.66
Octanol/water partition coefficient (Log Kow) -1.7 -
Chemical name or material Triethylene glycol diacetate
Fusion point -50°C
Density 1.12
Boiling point 286°C
Flash point 163°C (325°F)
Refractive index 1.44
Quantity 250 g
Beilstein 1789453
Formula weight 234.25
Purity percentage 98%


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.

CAS Number: 87-69-4
EC Number: 205-695-6
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09

Synonyms: (+)-L-Tartaric acid, (+)-Tartaric acid, 87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, L-Tartaric acid, L(+)-Tartaric acid, tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, (R,R)-Tartaric acid, Threaric acid, L-threaric acid, Dextrotartaric acid, Natural tartaric acid, Acidum tartaricum, DL-Tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, (+)-(R,R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-, Rechtsweinsaeure, Kyselina vinna, (2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, (R,R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, tartrate, Succinic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy, Weinsteinsaeure, L-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, 133-37-9, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, 1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, EINECS 201-766-0, (+)-Weinsaeure, NSC 62778, FEMA No. 3044, INS NO.334, DTXSID8023632, UNII-W4888I119H, CHEBI:15671, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova, AI3-06298, Lamb protein (fungal), INS-334, (+/-)-Tartaric Acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, (R,R)-tartrate, NSC-62778, W4888I119H, Tartaric acid (VAN), Kyselina vinna [Czech], DTXCID203632, E 334, E-334, RR-tartaric acid, (+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-(+)-, EC 201-766-0, TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-), Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN], Weinsaeure, BAROS COMPONENT TARTARIC ACID, L-2,3-DIHYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID, MFCD00064207, C4H6O6, L-tartarate, 4J4Z8788N8, 138508-61-9, (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxybernsteinsaeure, TARTARIC ACID COMPONENT OF BAROS, Resolvable tartaric acid, d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID (II), TARTARIC ACID [II], 144814-09-5, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech], REL-(2R,3R)-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID (MART.), TARTARIC ACID [MART.], (1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, TARTARIC ACID (USP-RS), TARTARIC ACID [USP-RS], BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-, (R-(R*,R*))-, Tartaric acid D,L, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-, TARTARIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), TARTARIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], Tartarate, DL-TARTARICACID, 132517-61-4, L(+) tartaric acid, (2RS,3RS)-Tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Traubensaeure, Vogesensaeure, Weinsaure, acide tartrique, acido tartarico, tartaric-acid, para-Weinsaeure, L-Threaric aci, 4ebt, NSC 148314, NSC-148314, (r,r)-tartarate, (+)-tartarate, l(+)tartaric acid, Tartaric acid; L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid (TN), (+-)-Tartaric acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-, L-(+) tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-Tartarate, 1d5r, DL TARTARIC ACID, TARTARICUM ACIDUM, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinate, TARTARIC ACID,DL-, SCHEMBL5762, TARTARIC ACID, DL-, Tartaric acid (JP17/NF), TARTARIC ACID [FCC], TARTARIC ACID [JAN], d-a,b-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID [INCI], MLS001336057, L-TARTARIC ACID [MI], TARTARIC ACID [VANDF], DL-TARTARIC ACID [MI], CCRIS 8978, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS, TARTARIC ACID [WHO-DD], CHEMBL1236315, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioXtra, TARTARICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], UNII-4J4Z8788N8, (2R,3R)-2,3-tartaric acid, CHEBI:26849, HMS2270G22, Pharmakon1600-01300044, TARTARIC ACID, DL- [II], TARTARIC ACID, (+/-)-, TARTARIC ACID,DL- [VANDF], HY-Y0293, STR02377, TARTARIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK], EINECS 205-105-7, Tox21_300155, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinicacid, NSC759609, s6233, AKOS016843282, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.5%, CS-W020107, DB09459, NSC-759609, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R-(R*,R*))-, CAS-87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, AR, >=99%, (R*,R*)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NCGC00247911-01, NCGC00254043-01, BP-31012, SMR000112492, SBI-0207063.P001, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NS00074184, T0025, EN300-72271, (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, C00898, D00103, D70248, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T), J-500964, J-520420, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, tested according to Ph.Eur., Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-(+-)-, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, JIS special grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, natural, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%, Q18226455, F8880-9012, Z1147451717, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (theta,theta)-(+-)-, 000189E3-11D0-4B0A-8C7B-31E02A48A51F, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Tartaric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5%, Tartaric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also known as 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid or Racemic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid which is crystalline white.
Baking powder is a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with sodium bicarbonate.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used in the field of pharmaceuticals.
High doses of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can lead to paralysis or death.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a tetraric acid, which is butanedioic acid substituted with hydroxy groups at the 2 and 3 positions.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a conjugate acid of 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid that naturally occurs in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in bananas and citrus fruits.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline solid which can easily be dissolved in water.

Approx. 50 % of the produced 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is subsequently used by the food and pharmaceutical industry, the other half is used in technical applications.
When added to food or beverage products, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is denoted by E-number E 334.

Besides that, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and its derivatives are often used in the field of pharmaceuticals or as a chelating agent in the farming and metal industry.

Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid occurs naturally in many plants, particularly in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be added to food when a sour taste is desired.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also used as an antioxidant.

Salts of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are known as tartarates.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a dihydroxy derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found in cream of tartar and baking powder.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in Rochelle Salt.
In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid containing two stereocenters.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid exists as a pair of enantiomers and an achiral meso compound.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is present in many fruits (fruit acid), and 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid monopotassium salt is found as a deposit during the fermentation of grape juice.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a historical compound, dating back to when Louis Pasteur separated 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid into two enantiomers with a magnifying lens and a pair of tweezers more than 160 years ago.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has a stronger, sharper taste than citric acid.
Although 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is renowned for its natural occurrence in grapes, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also occurs in apples, cherries, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, strawberries, mangos, and citrus fruits.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used preferentially in foods containing cranberries or grapes, notably wines, jellies, and confectioneries.
Commercially, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is prepared from the waste products of the wine industry and is more expensive than most acidulants, including citric and malic acids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.
Furthermore, when dissolved in hard water, undesirable insoluble precipitates of calcium tartrate can form.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an abundant constituent of many fruits such as grapes and bananas and exhibits a slightly astringent and refreshing sour taste.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is added to other foods to give a sour taste and is normally used with other acids such as citric acid and malic acid as an additive in soft drinks, candies, and so on.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is produced by acid hydrolysis of calcium tartrate, which is prepared from potassium tartrate obtained as a by-product during wine production.
Optically active 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used for the chiral resolution of amines and also as an asymmetric catalyst.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is the most water-soluble of the solid acidulants.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid contributes a strong tart taste that enhances fruit flavors, particularly grape and lime.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is often used as an acidulant in grape- and lime-flavored beverages, gelatin desserts, jams, jellies, and hard sour confectionery.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, one of the most widely distributed of plant acids, with a number of food and industrial uses.
Along with several of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salts, cream of tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate) and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is obtained from by-products of wine fermentation.

Study of the crystallographic, chemical, and optical properties of the 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids by French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur laid the basis for modern ideas of stereoisomerism.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used as an acidulant in carbonated drinks, effervescent tablets, gelatin desserts, and fruit jellies.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has many industrial applications—e.g., in cleaning and polishing metals, in calico printing, in wool dyeing, and in certain photographic printing and development processes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, in processing cheese, and in compounding mild cathartics.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is incorporated into baking powders, hard candies, and taffies; and 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is employed in the cleaning of brass, the electrolytic tinning of iron and steel, and the coating of other metals with gold and silver.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also known as 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid or Racemic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is in use to generate carbon dioxide.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely in use in the field of pharmaceuticals.
A High dose of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can affect our body to a great extent.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white and crystalline that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables and most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also present in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as a baking powder that is in use as a leavening agent in food preparation.
The 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is added to foods being an antioxidant i.e., E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, sometimes called racemic acid, is an organic compound that naturally occurs in plants, wine, and many fruits, such as grapes, tamarinds, citrus, and bananas.
The acid is available as a white solid that’s soluble in water.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salt, commonly referred to as cream of tartar, is created naturally through fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is made from potassium acid tartrate obtained from different by-products of the wine industry, such as lees, argol, and press cakes from fermented grape juice.
This dibasic acid is usually mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is available as baking powder commonly used as a food additive.

Uses of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is Levo form of dextrorotatory 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found throughout nature and classified as a fruit acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in soft drinks and foods, as an acidulant, complexing agent, pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent), in photography, tanning, ceramics, and to make tartrates.
Diethyl and dibutyl ester derivatives are commercially significant for use in lacquers and in textile printing.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an intermediate, in construction and ceramics applications, in cleaning products, cosmetics/personal care products, and metal surface treatments (including galvanic and electroplating products).
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a flavoring agent, anticaking agent, drying agent, firming agent, humectant, leavening agent, and pH control agent for foods.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to improve the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to chelate metal ions such as magnesium and calcium.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in recipes as a leavening agent along with baking soda.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an antioxidant.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is as one of the important acids in wine.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in foods to give a sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is sometimes used to induce vomiting.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make silver mirrors.

In its ester form, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in the dyeing of textiles.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in the tanning of leather.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in candies.
In its cream form, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a stabilizer in food.

Food industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as acidifier and natural preservative for marmalades, ice cream, jellies, juices, preserves, and beverages.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as effervescent for carbonated water.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as emulsifier and preservative in the bread-making industry and in the preparation of candies and sweets.

Oenology:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an acidifier.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in musts and wines to prepare wines that are more balanced from the point of view of taste, the result being an increase in their degree of acidity and a decrease in their pH content.

Pharmaceuticals industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an excipient for the preparation of effervescent tablets.

Construction industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in cement, plaster, and plaster of Paris to retard drying and facilitate the handling of these materials.

Cosmetics industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a basic component of many natural body crèmes.

Chemical sector:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in galvanic baths.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in electronics industry.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as mordant in the textile industry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an anti-oxidant in industrial greases.

Industry Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Consumer Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Electroplating
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Leather Tanning and Processing
Photographic Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Usage Areas of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, this crystalline acid, is commonly seen in plants and fruits.
The chemical formula of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an organic acid, is C4H6O6 and its density is 1.788g/cm.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in different branches of industry, especially industry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is generally preferred for the fermentation of wine and is formed as a byproduct of potassium during fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is frequently used in wool dyeing, polishing, gelatin, desserts and sodas.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is mostly found in grape fruits, also occurs in some fruits other than grapes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is formed from the mixture of raceme, is called levo.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids are among the water-soluble dicarboxylic acids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to give a sour taste to foods.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, E334, is a good antioxidant.

The most common use of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is in soda production.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is used to flavor soda, is an indispensable component of soda.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is preferred for dyeing wool.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be used for polishing, polishing and cleaning metals.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to release carbon dioxide in bakery products.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an indispensable ingredient in gelatin desserts, is generally preferred as a thickener in products such as meringue, Turkish delight and whipped cream.

The form of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid obtained from grapes is generally preferred in pastry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be preferred over baking powder for rising cakes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is frequently found in fruits and has a tart and strong taste, is preferred for winemaking and fermentation of wine.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in making marmalade and jams.

Applications of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and its derivatives have a plethora of uses in the field of pharmaceuticals.
For example, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has been used in the production of effervescent salts, in combination with citric acid, to improve the taste of oral medications.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also has several applications for industrial use.

The acid has been observed to chelate metal ions such as calcium and magnesium.
Therefore, the acid has served in the farming and metal industries as a chelating agent for complexing micronutrients in soil fertilizer and for cleaning metal surfaces consisting of aluminium, copper, iron, and alloys of these metals, respectively.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in fuels and fuel additives, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and lubricant additives, coating agents and surface treatment agents.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in processing aids and petroleum production specific processing aids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in ink, toner and coloring products, laboratory use, lubricants and greases.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found in cream of tartar, which is used in making candies and frostings for cakes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also used in baking powder where 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid serves as the source of acid that reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas and lets products “rise,” but 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid does so without the “yeast” taste that can result from using active yeast cultures as a source of the carbon dioxide gas.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in the making of Rochelle Salt, which is sometimes used as a laxative.
Blue prints are made with ferric tartarte as the source of the blue ink.

In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.
Common esters of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are diethyl tartarate and dibutyl tartrate.
Both are made by reacting 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with the appropriate alcohol, ethanol or n-butanol.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in wine:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid may be most immediately recognizable to wine drinkers as the source of "wine diamonds", the small potassium bitartrate crystals that sometimes form spontaneously on the cork or bottom of the bottle.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid plays an important role chemically, lowering the pH of fermenting "must" to a level where many undesirable spoilage bacteria cannot live, and acting as a preservative after fermentation.
In the mouth, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid provides some of the tartness in the wine, although citric and malic acids also play a role.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in fruits:
Grapes and tamarinds have the highest levels of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid concentration.
Other fruits with 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are bananas, avocados, prickly pear fruit, apples, cherries, papayas, peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries, mangoes and citrus fruits.

Results from a study showed that in citrus (oranges, lemons and mandarins), fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.

Trace amounts of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid have been found in cranberries and other berries.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also present in the leaves and pods of Pelargonium plants and beans.

Retarding Agent:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used as a retarding agent in oilfield applications as well as in cementitious-based systems.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid works by slowing the setting of cement by impeding certain reactions during the hydration of the cement process.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid retards various steps, including ettringite formation and C3A hydration.

Food Additive:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also has many uses in the food industry.
As an acidulant, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid offers a pleasant sour taste and gives food a sharp flavor.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also serves as a preservative food agent and can help set gels.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is usually added to most products, including carbonated beverages, gelatin, fruit jellies, and effervescent tablets.
This acid is also used as an ingredient in candy and various brands of baking powders and leavening systems to make goods rise.

Industrial Applications:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has many industrial applications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s used in gold and silver plating, making blue ink for blueprints, tanning leather, and cleaning and polishing metals.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s also one of the ingredients in Rochelle Salt, which is luxuriant and reacts with silver nitrate to form the silvering in mirrors.

Commercial Application:
The by-products obtained from the fermentation of wine during the production of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are heated with calcium hydroxide.
This causes calcium tartrate to develop a residue, which is further treated with sulfuric acid to form a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and calcium sulfate.
Once the mixture is separated, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is purified and used for commercial production.

Other 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid uses include pharmaceutical applications to produce effervescent salt that helps enhance the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s also used in the metals and farming industry as a chelating agent for cleaning metal surfaces and adding nutrients to the soil.

Derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Important derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid include:
Sodium ammonium tartrate, the first material separated into 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid enantiomers
Cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate), used in cooking
Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), which has unusual optical properties
Tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate), a resolving agent.
Diisopropyl tartrate is used as a co-catalyst in asymmetric synthesis.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.
As a food additive, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an antioxidant with E number E334; 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids are other additives serving as antioxidants or emulsifiers.

Production of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is industrially produced in the largest amounts.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is obtained from lees, a solid byproduct of fermentations.
The former byproducts mostly consist of potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6).

This potassium salt is converted to calcium tartrate (CaC4H4O6) upon treatment with calcium hydroxide "milk of lime" (Ca(OH)2):
KH(C4H4O6) + Ca(OH)2 -> Ca(C4H4O6) + KOH + H2O

In practice, higher yields of calcium tartrate are obtained with the addition of calcium chloride.

Calcium tartrate is then converted to 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid by treating the salt with aqueous sulfuric acid:
Ca(C4H4O6) + H2SO4 -> H2(C4H4O6) + CaSO4

Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be prepared in a multistep reaction from maleic acid.

In the first step, the maleic acid is epoxidized by hydrogen peroxide using potassium tungstate as a catalyst.
HO2CC2H2CO2H + H2O2 → OC2H2(CO2H) 2

In the next step, the epoxide is hydrolyzed.
OC2H2(CO2H)2 + H2O → (HOCH)2(CO2H)2

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
A mixture of racemic acid and meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is formed when dextro-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is heated in water at 165 °C for about 2 days.

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can also be prepared from dibromosuccinic acid using silver hydroxide:
HO2CCHBrCHBrCO2H + 2 AgOH → HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + 2 AgBr

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be separated from residual racemic acid by crystallization, the racemate being less soluble.

General Manufacturing Information of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Construction
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Stereochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Naturally occurring form of the acid is dextro 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Because 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is available naturally, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is cheaper than its enantiomer and the meso isomer.

Dextro and levo form monoclinic sphenoidal crystals and orthorhombic crystals.
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid forms monoclinic and triclinic crystals (space group P1).

Anhydrous meso 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid form two anhydrous polymorphs: triclinic and orthorhombic.
Monohydrated meso 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid crystallizes as monoclinic and triclinic polymorphys depending on the temperature at which crystallization from aqueous solution occurs.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in Fehling's solution binds to copper(II) ions, preventing the formation of insoluble hydroxide salts.

History of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has been known to winemakers for centuries.
However, the chemical process for extraction was developed in 1769 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid played an important role in the discovery of chemical chirality.
This property of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid was first observed in 1832 by Jean Baptiste Biot, who observed 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid ability to rotate polarized light.

Louis Pasteur continued this research in 1847 by investigating the shapes of sodium ammonium tartrate crystals, which he found to be chiral.
By manually sorting the differently shaped crystals, Pasteur was the first to produce a pure sample of levo2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Pharmacodynamics:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.
Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography.
In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death.

Route of Elimination:
Only about 15-20% of consumed 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is secreted in the urine unchanged.

Metabolism / Metabolites:
Most tartarate that is consumed by humans is metabolized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the large instestine.

Human Metabolite Information of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Adipose Tissue
Platelet
Prostate

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm

Reactivity of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, can participate in several reactions.

As shown the reaction scheme below, dihydroxymaleic acid is produced upon treatment of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a ferrous salt.
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + H2O2 → HO2CC(OH)C(OH)CO2H + 2 H2O

Dihydroxymaleic acid can then be oxidized to 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with nitric acid.

Accidental Release Measures of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Spillage Disposal:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
CAS Number:
R,R-isomer: 87-69-4
S,S-isomer: 147-71-7
racemic: 133-37-9
meso-isomer: 147-73-9
ChEBI: CHEBI:15674

ChEMBL:
ChEMBL333714
ChEMBL1200861

ChemSpider: 852
DrugBank: DB01694
ECHA InfoCard: 100.121.903
E number: E334 (antioxidants, ...)
KEGG: C00898
MeSH: tartaric+acid
PubChem CID: 875 unspecified isomer
UNII: W4888I119H
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5046986
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES: O=C(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)O

CAS number: 147-71-7
EC number: 205-695-6
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₆
Chemical formula: HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH
Molar Mass: 150.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 12 00

CAS: 87-69-4
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09
MDL Number: MFCD00064207
InChI Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 444305
ChEBI: CHEBI:15671
SMILES: OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Chemical formula:
C4H6O6 (basic formula)
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H (structural formula)

Molar mass: 150.087 g/mol
Appearance: White powder

Density:
1.737 g/cm3 (R,R- and S,S-)
1.79 g/cm3 (racemate)
1.886 g/cm3 (meso)

Melting point:
169, 172 °C (R,R- and S,S-)
206 °C (racemate)
165-6 °C (meso)

Solubility in water:
1.33 kg/L (L or D-tartaric)
0.21 kg/L (DL, racemic)
1.25 kg/L ("meso")

Acidity (pKa): L(+) 25 °C: pKa1= 2.89, pKa2= 4.40
meso 25 °C: pKa1= 3.22, pKa2= 4.85
Conjugate base: Bitartrate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −67.5·10−6 cm3/mol

Density: 1.8 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 210 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: 172 - 174 °C
Solubility: 1394 g/l

grade: ACS reagent
Quality Level: 200
vapor density: 5.18 (vs air)
Assay: ≥99.5%

form:
crystalline powder
crystals

optical activity: [α]20/D +12.4°, c = 20 in H2O
optical purity: ee: 99% (GLC)
autoignition temp.: 797 °F

impurities:
≤0.002% S compounds
≤0.005% insolubles

ign. residue: ≤0.02%
mp: 170-172 °C (lit.)

anion traces:
chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
oxalate (C2O42-): passes test
phosphate (PO43-): ≤0.001%

cation traces:
Fe: ≤5 ppm
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm

SMILES string: O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m1/s1
InChI key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N

Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 115Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 134
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 166 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 169 °C
Spec. rotation [α²0/D (c=10 in water): -14.0 - -12.0 °
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 168.0°C to 172.0°C
Color: White or Colorless
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Linear Formula: HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 1390g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: soluble in methanol, ethanol, propanol and, glycerol, 4g/L ether, insoluble in chloroform
IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
Formula Weight: 150.09
Percent Purity: ≥99%
Quantity: 500 g
Flash Point: 210°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Loss on Drying: 0.5% (1g, 105°C) max.
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Physical Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L(+)-Tartaric acid

Related compounds of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-Butanediol
Cichoric acid

Other cations:
Monosodium tartrate
Disodium tartrate
Monopotassium tartrate
Dipotassium tartrate

Related carboxylic acids:
Butyric acid
Succinic acid
Dimercaptosuccinic acid
Malic acid
Maleic acid
Fumaric acid

Names of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid

Other names:
Tartaric acid
2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
Threaric acid
Racemic acid
Uvic acid
Paratartaric acid
Winestone

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.

CAS Number: 87-69-4
EC Number: 205-695-6
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09

Synonyms: (+)-L-Tartaric acid, (+)-Tartaric acid, 87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, L-Tartaric acid, L(+)-Tartaric acid, tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, (R,R)-Tartaric acid, Threaric acid, L-threaric acid, Dextrotartaric acid, Natural tartaric acid, Acidum tartaricum, DL-Tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, (+)-(R,R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-, Rechtsweinsaeure, Kyselina vinna, (2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, (R,R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, tartrate, Succinic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy, Weinsteinsaeure, L-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, 133-37-9, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, 1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, EINECS 201-766-0, (+)-Weinsaeure, NSC 62778, FEMA No. 3044, INS NO.334, DTXSID8023632, UNII-W4888I119H, CHEBI:15671, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova, AI3-06298, Lamb protein (fungal), INS-334, (+/-)-Tartaric Acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, (R,R)-tartrate, NSC-62778, W4888I119H, Tartaric acid (VAN), Kyselina vinna [Czech], DTXCID203632, E 334, E-334, RR-tartaric acid, (+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-(+)-, EC 201-766-0, TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-), Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN], Weinsaeure, BAROS COMPONENT TARTARIC ACID, L-2,3-DIHYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID, MFCD00064207, C4H6O6, L-tartarate, 4J4Z8788N8, 138508-61-9, (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxybernsteinsaeure, TARTARIC ACID COMPONENT OF BAROS, Resolvable tartaric acid, d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID (II), TARTARIC ACID [II], 144814-09-5, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech], REL-(2R,3R)-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID (MART.), TARTARIC ACID [MART.], (1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, TARTARIC ACID (USP-RS), TARTARIC ACID [USP-RS], BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-, (R-(R*,R*))-, Tartaric acid D,L, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-, TARTARIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), TARTARIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], Tartarate, DL-TARTARICACID, 132517-61-4, L(+) tartaric acid, (2RS,3RS)-Tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Traubensaeure, Vogesensaeure, Weinsaure, acide tartrique, acido tartarico, tartaric-acid, para-Weinsaeure, L-Threaric aci, 4ebt, NSC 148314, NSC-148314, (r,r)-tartarate, (+)-tartarate, l(+)tartaric acid, Tartaric acid; L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid (TN), (+-)-Tartaric acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-, L-(+) tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-Tartarate, 1d5r, DL TARTARIC ACID, TARTARICUM ACIDUM, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinate, TARTARIC ACID,DL-, SCHEMBL5762, TARTARIC ACID, DL-, Tartaric acid (JP17/NF), TARTARIC ACID [FCC], TARTARIC ACID [JAN], d-a,b-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID [INCI], MLS001336057, L-TARTARIC ACID [MI], TARTARIC ACID [VANDF], DL-TARTARIC ACID [MI], CCRIS 8978, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS, TARTARIC ACID [WHO-DD], CHEMBL1236315, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioXtra, TARTARICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], UNII-4J4Z8788N8, (2R,3R)-2,3-tartaric acid, CHEBI:26849, HMS2270G22, Pharmakon1600-01300044, TARTARIC ACID, DL- [II], TARTARIC ACID, (+/-)-, TARTARIC ACID,DL- [VANDF], HY-Y0293, STR02377, TARTARIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK], EINECS 205-105-7, Tox21_300155, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinicacid, NSC759609, s6233, AKOS016843282, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.5%, CS-W020107, DB09459, NSC-759609, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R-(R*,R*))-, CAS-87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, AR, >=99%, (R*,R*)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NCGC00247911-01, NCGC00254043-01, BP-31012, SMR000112492, SBI-0207063.P001, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NS00074184, T0025, EN300-72271, (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, C00898, D00103, D70248, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T), J-500964, J-520420, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, tested according to Ph.Eur., Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-(+-)-, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, JIS special grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, natural, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%, Q18226455, F8880-9012, Z1147451717, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (theta,theta)-(+-)-, 000189E3-11D0-4B0A-8C7B-31E02A48A51F, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Tartaric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5%, Tartaric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also known as Racemic acid or Tartaric acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid which is crystalline white.
Baking powder is a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid with sodium bicarbonate.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is widely used in the field of pharmaceuticals.
High doses of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can lead to paralysis or death.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a tetraric acid, which is butanedioic acid substituted with hydroxy groups at the 2 and 3 positions.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a conjugate acid of 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an organic acid that naturally occurs in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in bananas and citrus fruits.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white, crystalline solid which can easily be dissolved in water.

Approx. 50 % of the produced 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is subsequently used by the food and pharmaceutical industry, the other half is used in technical applications.
When added to food or beverage products, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is denoted by E-number E 334.

Besides that, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid and its derivatives are often used in the field of pharmaceuticals or as a chelating agent in the farming and metal industry.

Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid occurs naturally in many plants, particularly in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can be added to food when a sour taste is desired.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also used as an antioxidant.

Salts of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid are known as tartarates.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a dihydroxy derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is found in cream of tartar and baking powder.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in Rochelle Salt.
In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid containing two stereocenters.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid exists as a pair of enantiomers and an achiral meso compound.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is present in many fruits (fruit acid), and 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid monopotassium salt is found as a deposit during the fermentation of grape juice.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a historical compound, dating back to when Louis Pasteur separated 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid into two enantiomers with a magnifying lens and a pair of tweezers more than 160 years ago.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has a stronger, sharper taste than citric acid.
Although 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is renowned for its natural occurrence in grapes, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid also occurs in apples, cherries, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, strawberries, mangos, and citrus fruits.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used preferentially in foods containing cranberries or grapes, notably wines, jellies, and confectioneries.
Commercially, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is prepared from the waste products of the wine industry and is more expensive than most acidulants, including citric and malic acids.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.
Furthermore, when dissolved in hard water, undesirable insoluble precipitates of calcium tartrate can form.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an abundant constituent of many fruits such as grapes and bananas and exhibits a slightly astringent and refreshing sour taste.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is added to other foods to give a sour taste and is normally used with other acids such as citric acid and malic acid as an additive in soft drinks, candies, and so on.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is produced by acid hydrolysis of calcium tartrate, which is prepared from potassium tartrate obtained as a by-product during wine production.
Optically active 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used for the chiral resolution of amines and also as an asymmetric catalyst.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is the most water-soluble of the solid acidulants.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid contributes a strong tart taste that enhances fruit flavors, particularly grape and lime.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is often used as an acidulant in grape- and lime-flavored beverages, gelatin desserts, jams, jellies, and hard sour confectionery.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, one of the most widely distributed of plant acids, with a number of food and industrial uses.
Along with several of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid salts, cream of tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate) and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is obtained from by-products of wine fermentation.

Study of the crystallographic, chemical, and optical properties of the 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acids by French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur laid the basis for modern ideas of stereoisomerism.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is widely used as an acidulant in carbonated drinks, effervescent tablets, gelatin desserts, and fruit jellies.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has many industrial applications—e.g., in cleaning and polishing metals, in calico printing, in wool dyeing, and in certain photographic printing and development processes.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in silvering mirrors, in processing cheese, and in compounding mild cathartics.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is incorporated into baking powders, hard candies, and taffies; and 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is employed in the cleaning of brass, the electrolytic tinning of iron and steel, and the coating of other metals with gold and silver.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also known as Racemic acid or Tartaric acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is in use to generate carbon dioxide.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is widely in use in the field of pharmaceuticals.
A High dose of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can affect our body to a great extent.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white and crystalline that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables and most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also present in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as a baking powder that is in use as a leavening agent in food preparation.
The 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is added to foods being an antioxidant i.e., E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, sometimes called Tartaric acid, is an organic compound that naturally occurs in plants, wine, and many fruits, such as grapes, tamarinds, citrus, and bananas.
The acid is available as a white solid that’s soluble in water.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid salt, commonly referred to as cream of tartar, is created naturally through fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is made from potassium acid tartrate obtained from different by-products of the wine industry, such as lees, argol, and press cakes from fermented grape juice.
This dibasic acid is usually mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is available as baking powder commonly used as a food additive.

Uses of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is Levo form of dextrorotatory 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is found throughout nature and classified as a fruit acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in soft drinks and foods, as an acidulant, complexing agent, pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent), in photography, tanning, ceramics, and to make tartrates.
Diethyl and dibutyl ester derivatives are commercially significant for use in lacquers and in textile printing.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an intermediate, in construction and ceramics applications, in cleaning products, cosmetics/personal care products, and metal surface treatments (including galvanic and electroplating products).
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as a flavoring agent, anticaking agent, drying agent, firming agent, humectant, leavening agent, and pH control agent for foods.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to improve the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to chelate metal ions such as magnesium and calcium.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in recipes as a leavening agent along with baking soda.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an antioxidant.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is as one of the important acids in wine.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in foods to give a sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is sometimes used to induce vomiting.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to make silver mirrors.

In its ester form, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in the dyeing of textiles.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in the tanning of leather.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in candies.
In its cream form, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as a stabilizer in food.

Food industry:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as acidifier and natural preservative for marmalades, ice cream, jellies, juices, preserves, and beverages.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as effervescent for carbonated water.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as emulsifier and preservative in the bread-making industry and in the preparation of candies and sweets.

Oenology:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an acidifier.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in musts and wines to prepare wines that are more balanced from the point of view of taste, the result being an increase in their degree of acidity and a decrease in their pH content.

Pharmaceuticals industry:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an excipient for the preparation of effervescent tablets.

Construction industry:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in cement, plaster, and plaster of Paris to retard drying and facilitate the handling of these materials.

Cosmetics industry:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as a basic component of many natural body crèmes.

Chemical sector:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in galvanic baths.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in electronics industry.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as mordant in the textile industry.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an anti-oxidant in industrial greases.

Industry Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Consumer Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Electroplating
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Leather Tanning and Processing
Photographic Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Usage Areas of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, this crystalline acid, is commonly seen in plants and fruits.
The chemical formula of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, an organic acid, is C4H6O6 and its density is 1.788g/cm.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in different branches of industry, especially industry.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is generally preferred for the fermentation of wine and is formed as a byproduct of potassium during fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is frequently used in wool dyeing, polishing, gelatin, desserts and sodas.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, which is mostly found in grape fruits, also occurs in some fruits other than grapes.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, which is formed from the mixture of raceme, is called levo.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acids are among the water-soluble dicarboxylic acids.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to give a sour taste to foods.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, E334, is a good antioxidant.

The most common use of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is in soda production.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, which is used to flavor soda, is an indispensable component of soda.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is preferred for dyeing wool.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can be used for polishing, polishing and cleaning metals.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to release carbon dioxide in bakery products.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, an indispensable ingredient in gelatin desserts, is generally preferred as a thickener in products such as meringue, Turkish delight and whipped cream.

The form of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid obtained from grapes is generally preferred in pastry.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can be preferred over baking powder for rising cakes.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, which is frequently found in fruits and has a tart and strong taste, is preferred for winemaking and fermentation of wine.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in making marmalade and jams.

Applications of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid and its derivatives have a plethora of uses in the field of pharmaceuticals.
For example, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has been used in the production of effervescent salts, in combination with citric acid, to improve the taste of oral medications.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid also has several applications for industrial use.

The acid has been observed to chelate metal ions such as calcium and magnesium.
Therefore, the acid has served in the farming and metal industries as a chelating agent for complexing micronutrients in soil fertilizer and for cleaning metal surfaces consisting of aluminium, copper, iron, and alloys of these metals, respectively.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in fuels and fuel additives, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and lubricant additives, coating agents and surface treatment agents.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in processing aids and petroleum production specific processing aids.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in ink, toner and coloring products, laboratory use, lubricants and greases.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is found in cream of tartar, which is used in making candies and frostings for cakes.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also used in baking powder where 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid serves as the source of acid that reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas and lets products “rise,” but 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid does so without the “yeast” taste that can result from using active yeast cultures as a source of the carbon dioxide gas.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in the making of Rochelle Salt, which is sometimes used as a laxative.
Blue prints are made with ferric tartarte as the source of the blue ink.

In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.
Common esters of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid are diethyl tartarate and dibutyl tartrate.
Both are made by reacting 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid with the appropriate alcohol, ethanol or n-butanol.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid in wine:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid may be most immediately recognizable to wine drinkers as the source of "wine diamonds", the small potassium bitartrate crystals that sometimes form spontaneously on the cork or bottom of the bottle.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid plays an important role chemically, lowering the pH of fermenting "must" to a level where many undesirable spoilage bacteria cannot live, and acting as a preservative after fermentation.
In the mouth, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid provides some of the tartness in the wine, although citric and malic acids also play a role.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid in fruits:
Grapes and tamarinds have the highest levels of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid concentration.
Other fruits with 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid are bananas, avocados, prickly pear fruit, apples, cherries, papayas, peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries, mangoes and citrus fruits.

Results from a study showed that in citrus (oranges, lemons and mandarins), fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.

Trace amounts of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid have been found in cranberries and other berries.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also present in the leaves and pods of Pelargonium plants and beans.

Retarding Agent:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is widely used as a retarding agent in oilfield applications as well as in cementitious-based systems.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid works by slowing the setting of cement by impeding certain reactions during the hydration of the cement process.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid retards various steps, including ettringite formation and C3A hydration.

Food Additive:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid also has many uses in the food industry.
As an acidulant, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid offers a pleasant sour taste and gives food a sharp flavor.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid also serves as a preservative food agent and can help set gels.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is usually added to most products, including carbonated beverages, gelatin, fruit jellies, and effervescent tablets.
This acid is also used as an ingredient in candy and various brands of baking powders and leavening systems to make goods rise.

Industrial Applications:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has many industrial applications.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid’s used in gold and silver plating, making blue ink for blueprints, tanning leather, and cleaning and polishing metals.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid’s also one of the ingredients in Rochelle Salt, which is luxuriant and reacts with silver nitrate to form the silvering in mirrors.

Commercial Application:
The by-products obtained from the fermentation of wine during the production of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid are heated with calcium hydroxide.
This causes calcium tartrate to develop a residue, which is further treated with sulfuric acid to form a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid and calcium sulfate.
Once the mixture is separated, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is purified and used for commercial production.

Other 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid uses include pharmaceutical applications to produce effervescent salt that helps enhance the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid’s also used in the metals and farming industry as a chelating agent for cleaning metal surfaces and adding nutrients to the soil.

Derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Important derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid include:
Sodium ammonium tartrate, the first material separated into 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid enantiomers
Cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate), used in cooking
Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), which has unusual optical properties
Tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate), a resolving agent.
Diisopropyl tartrate is used as a co-catalyst in asymmetric synthesis.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.
As a food additive, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an antioxidant with E number E334; 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acids are other additives serving as antioxidants or emulsifiers.

Production of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is industrially produced in the largest amounts.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is obtained from lees, a solid byproduct of fermentations.
The former byproducts mostly consist of potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6).

This potassium salt is converted to calcium tartrate (CaC4H4O6) upon treatment with calcium hydroxide "milk of lime" (Ca(OH)2):
KH(C4H4O6) + Ca(OH)2 -> Ca(C4H4O6) + KOH + H2O

In practice, higher yields of calcium tartrate are obtained with the addition of calcium chloride.

Calcium tartrate is then converted to 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid by treating the salt with aqueous sulfuric acid:
Ca(C4H4O6) + H2SO4 -> H2(C4H4O6) + CaSO4

Racemic 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can be prepared in a multistep reaction from maleic acid.

In the first step, the maleic acid is epoxidized by hydrogen peroxide using potassium tungstate as a catalyst.
HO2CC2H2CO2H + H2O2 → OC2H2(CO2H) 2

In the next step, the epoxide is hydrolyzed.
OC2H2(CO2H)2 + H2O → (HOCH)2(CO2H)2

meso-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
A mixture of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid and meso-Tartaric acid is formed when dextro-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is heated in water at 165 °C for about 2 days.

meso-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can also be prepared from dibromosuccinic acid using silver hydroxide:
HO2CCHBrCHBrCO2H + 2 AgOH → HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + 2 AgBr

meso-Tartaric acid can be separated from residual 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid by crystallization, the racemate being less soluble.

General Manufacturing Information of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Construction
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Stereochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
Naturally occurring form of the acid is dextro 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.
Because 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is available naturally, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is cheaper than its enantiomer and the meso isomer.

Dextro and levo form monoclinic sphenoidal crystals and orthorhombic crystals.
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid forms monoclinic and triclinic crystals (space group P1).

Anhydrous meso 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid form two anhydrous polymorphs: triclinic and orthorhombic.
Monohydrated meso 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid crystallizes as monoclinic and triclinic polymorphys depending on the temperature at which crystallization from aqueous solution occurs.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid in Fehling's solution binds to copper(II) ions, preventing the formation of insoluble hydroxide salts.

History of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has been known to winemakers for centuries.
However, the chemical process for extraction was developed in 1769 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid played an important role in the discovery of chemical chirality.
This property of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid was first observed in 1832 by Jean Baptiste Biot, who observed 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid ability to rotate polarized light.

Louis Pasteur continued this research in 1847 by investigating the shapes of sodium ammonium tartrate crystals, which he found to be chiral.
By manually sorting the differently shaped crystals, Pasteur was the first to produce a pure sample of levo2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Pharmacodynamics:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.
Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography.
In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death.

Route of Elimination:
Only about 15-20% of consumed 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is secreted in the urine unchanged.

Metabolism / Metabolites:
Most tartarate that is consumed by humans is metabolized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the large instestine.

Human Metabolite Information of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Adipose Tissue
Platelet
Prostate

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm

Reactivity of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, can participate in several reactions.

As shown the reaction scheme below, dihydroxymaleic acid is produced upon treatment of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a ferrous salt.
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + H2O2 → HO2CC(OH)C(OH)CO2H + 2 H2O

Dihydroxymaleic acid can then be oxidized to 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid with nitric acid.

Accidental Release Measures of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Spillage Disposal:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
CAS Number:
R,R-isomer: 87-69-4
S,S-isomer: 147-71-7
racemic: 133-37-9
meso-isomer: 147-73-9
ChEBI: CHEBI:15674

ChEMBL:
ChEMBL333714
ChEMBL1200861

ChemSpider: 852
DrugBank: DB01694
ECHA InfoCard: 100.121.903
E number: E334 (antioxidants, ...)
KEGG: C00898
MeSH: tartaric+acid
PubChem CID: 875 unspecified isomer
UNII: W4888I119H
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5046986
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES: O=C(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)O

CAS number: 147-71-7
EC number: 205-695-6
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₆
Chemical formula: HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH
Molar Mass: 150.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 12 00

CAS: 87-69-4
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09
MDL Number: MFCD00064207
InChI Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 444305
ChEBI: CHEBI:15671
SMILES: OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
Chemical formula:
C4H6O6 (basic formula)
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H (structural formula)

Molar mass: 150.087 g/mol
Appearance: White powder

Density:
1.737 g/cm3 (R,R- and S,S-)
1.79 g/cm3 (racemate)
1.886 g/cm3 (meso)

Melting point:
169, 172 °C (R,R- and S,S-)
206 °C (racemate)
165-6 °C (meso)

Solubility in water:
1.33 kg/L (L or D-tartaric)
0.21 kg/L (DL, racemic)
1.25 kg/L ("meso")

Acidity (pKa): L(+) 25 °C: pKa1= 2.89, pKa2= 4.40
meso 25 °C: pKa1= 3.22, pKa2= 4.85
Conjugate base: Bitartrate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −67.5·10−6 cm3/mol

Density: 1.8 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 210 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: 172 - 174 °C
Solubility: 1394 g/l

grade: ACS reagent
Quality Level: 200
vapor density: 5.18 (vs air)
Assay: ≥99.5%

form:
crystalline powder
crystals

optical activity: [α]20/D +12.4°, c = 20 in H2O
optical purity: ee: 99% (GLC)
autoignition temp.: 797 °F

impurities:
≤0.002% S compounds
≤0.005% insolubles

ign. residue: ≤0.02%
mp: 170-172 °C (lit.)

anion traces:
chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
oxalate (C2O42-): passes test
phosphate (PO43-): ≤0.001%

cation traces:
Fe: ≤5 ppm
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm

SMILES string: O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m1/s1
InChI key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N

Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 115Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 134
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 166 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 169 °C
Spec. rotation [α²0/D (c=10 in water): -14.0 - -12.0 °
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 168.0°C to 172.0°C
Color: White or Colorless
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Linear Formula: HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 1390g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: soluble in methanol, ethanol, propanol and, glycerol, 4g/L ether, insoluble in chloroform
IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
Formula Weight: 150.09
Percent Purity: ≥99%
Quantity: 500 g
Flash Point: 210°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Loss on Drying: 0.5% (1g, 105°C) max.
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Physical Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L(+)-Tartaric acid

Related compounds of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-Butanediol
Cichoric acid

Other cations:
Monosodium tartrate
Disodium tartrate
Monopotassium tartrate
Dipotassium tartrate

Related carboxylic acids:
Butyric acid
Succinic acid
Dimercaptosuccinic acid
Malic acid
Maleic acid
Fumaric acid

Names of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid

Other names:
Tartaric acid
Racemic acid
Threaric acid
Tartaric acid
Uvic acid
Paratartaric acid
Winestone

2,6-Dichlorobenzenamine; 1-Amino-2,6-dichlorobenzene;2,6-DICHLOROANILINE; Benzenamine, 2,6-dichloro-; 2,6-dichlorobenzenamine; 2,6-dichlorophenylamine cas no: 608-31-1

Benzonitrile, 2,6-difluoro-; 2,6-Difluorbenzolcarbonitril ; 2,6-Difluorbenzonitril; 2,6-Difluorobenzonitrile ; 2,6-Difluorobenzonitrile cas no :1897-52-5

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

Synonyms: 2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, Dbnpa, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, DB-027512, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, NS00009357, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) recommends and sells DBNPA for use with DTEA II under appropriate conditions.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with other treatment chemicals with the exception of mercaptobenzothiazole.

Continuous biocide release by the tablet maintains concentrations effective for control in the tower, while the biocide in the blowdown discharge degrades quickly.
So 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)’s easy to meet strict environmental regulations on tower discharge.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has been used as a biocide in industrial water applications due to its instantaneous antimicrobial activity and rapid chemical breakdown.

In this study, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is considered a potential alternative for antibiotics used for bacterial control during corn-to-ethanol fermentation.
A method using LC/MS/MS was developed to accurately quantify DBNPA in water.
When this method was applied to quantify DBNPA concentration in a fermentation matrix, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) was found to be unstable and to decay rapidly, preventing validation of the method or quantitation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is white crystalline powder, melting point, 122-125℃,PH value, 5--5.5.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is soluble in common organic solvents (such as acetone,benzene, dimethylformamide, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, etc.),slightly soluble in water.
Under acidic conditions, its aqueous solution is more stable.

Raising the PH, heating or being exposured under UV and fluorescent light can fasten its dissolving.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/ or pellet form.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) in the feed water of integrated membrane systems to evaluate the impact on pressure drop increase and chemical cleaning frequency.
A continuous high 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dosage of 20 mg/L on fouled membranes caused a significant decrease in cleaning frequency due to the stabilization of the pressure drop.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is 5% in concentration.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
It is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) acts are similar to the typical halogen biocides.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and efficient industrial bactericide used to prevent the growth and propagation of bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, lubricating oil for metal processing, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
It can also be used as a slime control agent and is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water systems in paper mills.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.

The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.
This degradation pathway makes the use of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) relatively environmentally friendly.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.

The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.
To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm DBNPA concentration in the feed water.

Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.
Only very limited information on the suitability of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.

Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) (1 or 20 mg/L) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.
A higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.

The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent bio growth/biofouling.

One option is the chemical, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is degraded by reactions with water, nucleophiles, and UV light (rate is dependent on pH and temperature).
The approximate half-life is 24 hr @ pH 7, 2 hr @ pH 8, 15 min @pH 9.
The vast majority of microorganisms that come into contact with it are killed within 5 to 10 minutes.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) 98% min.assay. Highly effective against a wide range of common water borne organisms with proven efficacy against Legionella.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) will control these organisms and help to control microbiological fouling.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is designed for use in open cooling water systems, chilled water systems, process systems and other industrial water systems.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has proven efficacy against pathogenic microorganisms including Legionella, at levels required by the system, L8 (HS(G) 274), system water type, along with risk assessment data.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) degrades rapidly and naturally at increased pH & temperature levels and as such Accepta 6404 is the product of choice for systems operating under strict environmental and discharge regulations.
Increasing cooling water alkalinity presents a problem for most water treatment biocides.

However, for Accepta 6404 even at higher pH values, rapid & effective microbial control is achieved before any significant degradation occurs.
Ideal for quick, antimicrobial activity, but rapid degradation of the microbicide for minimal environmental impact.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is an off-white crystalline solid with a mild medicinal antiseptic odor.

It is slightly volatile, very soluble in water, and corrosive.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to control bacteria, fungi and slime-forming algae in cooling water systems, evaporative condensers and heat exchangers, air washing systems, pulp mill and paper manufacturing, and oil extraction drilling fluids.
It also is used as a preservative in paints, industrial coatings and adhesives, metalworking cutting fluids, and paper and paper products.

Industrial workers handling fluids with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be exposed through dermal contact and inhalation exposure to mists.
U.S. workers handling disinfectant solutions containing the compound are required to wear protective clothing and chemical-resistant gloves and aprons.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) released to the environment will be degraded in air and by exposure to direct sunlight.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is expected to move through soil.
It will chemically break down quickly in water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) also will be degraded by microorganisms.

It is not likely to build up in aquatic organisms.
People accidently exposed through spills or compound misuse of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) reported eye, throat and respiratory irritation, runny nose, and headache.
Allergic skin reactions may develop in some people following direct contact to 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).

Direct contact with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may damage eyes and skin due to its corrosiveness.
Labored breathing and weight loss were observed in laboratory animals repeatedly given high oral doses.
Repeated skin exposure of laboratory animals to high doses of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) caused skin damage.

Very high oral doses given laboratory animals during pregnancy caused decreased weight gain, and some of the animals died.
Skeletal birth defects were found in some offspring of surviving maternal animals exposed to this dose, and a lower, maternally non-toxic dose.
The potential of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to cause cancer in laboratory animals has not been tested.

The potential for 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is the second most commonly used biocide in UOG after glutaraldehyde.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting electrophilic biocide; it is quick and effective in contact, but the protection is not long lasting.

This biocide inhibits essential biological functions by reacting with nucleophiles (particularly sulfur-containing nucleophiles) inside the cell.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), and some of its degradation products, can also be harmful to humans and animals.
These associated compounds have been demonstrated to be moderately to highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, can be corrosive to eyes, and have been shown in terrestrial and aquatic animal studies to cause developmental issues.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is not toxic to all life, however, as it is biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with a reported biotic half-life of less than 4 h under both conditions at neutral pH. However, the hydrolysis and aquatic photolysis half-life of this compound are pH-dependent, with faster degradation occurring at a more alkaline pH.
For example, the abiotic half-lives of DBNPA at pH 5, 7, and 9 are 67 days, 63 h, and 73 min, respectively.

Conversely, low pH has been characteristic of Impacted streams, which thus provide favorable conditions for the stability of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) and its degradation products.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.

This degradation pathway makes the use of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) relatively environmentally friendly.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.

The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) also is not compatible with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide-containing water.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) maintains reliable control in systems running at acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) degrades quickly in aqueous environments.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.

A 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) means that the solution contains 20 parts of DBNPA dissolved in a total of 100 parts of solution.
This concentration is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly as a biocide or antimicrobial agent to control microbial growth in water systems, such as cooling towers, industrial process waters, and swimming pools.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) indicates that for every 100 units of the solution, 20 units are comprised of the active ingredient, DBNPA, while the remaining 80 units are typically composed of water or another solvent.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), quick kill broad-spectrum microbiocide, fungicide and algaecide.
Microbiocide kill time measured in minutes vs. hours for other types of microbiocide agents.
The rate of this activity is not affected by pH, and antimicrobial control is rapidly achieved.

Because of its extremely rapid kill, proliferating microbes and their biofilm formation are either eliminated or significantly reduced.
Inexpensive to use – as little as 22 g treats 1000 L of water.
Safer for use in galvanized, copper and steel systems than chlorine and bromine.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), can clean up fouled systems where high levels of organics, slime and biomass are present.
This concentration is often chosen based on the desired efficacy against microbial growth balanced with considerations such as safety, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory requirements.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)'s important to follow manufacturer instructions and safety guidelines when handling and using solutions containing DBNPA, as it is a potent biocide and can be harmful if not used properly.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) for building and construction.
This biocide from DuPont is used for treating materials.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubility: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is important to note that DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide is NOT approved for online use in RO systems that produce potable and municipal water.
Due to regional differences, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) for industrial RO systems is approved and marketed in Europe under the product name of DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide.

The processing and use of industrial chemicals require adequate technical and professional knowledge.
The use of membrane filtration processes for the production of fresh and clean water has strongly increased over the last decades.
Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are processes removing salts, micropollutants, viruses, and microorganisms, enabling the production of high-quality water.

The membrane lifetime and operational costs are affected by fouling.
The consequence of fouling is e.g. an increased feed pressure to maintain water production, the need to perform chemical cleanings of the membranes, and eventually membrane replacement.
Four types of fouling can occur: scaling (inorganic fouling), colloid fouling, organic fouling, and biofouling.

Biofouling is most frequently encountered and most difficult to control.
Biofouling is defined as the amount of accumulated biofilm (biomass) causing unacceptable membrane performance loss.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a biocide which is used in industrial water treatment, cooling systems and paper mills.
DBNPA is an efficient biocide with a rapid microbiocidal broad-spectrum activity, especially in water systems that contain high organic loads.
The main current application of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is as a liquid formulation, which contains a mixture of water and an organic solvent such as a glycol (for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), ethylene glycol, etc.) and others.

The active ingredient 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is only 5-25% of such liquid formulation.
The addition of an organic solvent is required for dissolution of the relatively water-insoluble 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into a liquid formulation.
Prior art teaches the production of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) as a powdered material which can be used for the preparation of a liquid or solid formulation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).
Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).

Half-lives ranged from 4 to 25 hours in 7 different soils with pH values of 4.8 to 7.5(4).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has a half-life of less than 4 hours in an anaerobic aquatic metabolism study; residues were mainly found in the aqueous layer.
Concentrations of the two main degradates 2-cyanoacetamide (reached 56% of applied within 7 days) and dibromoacetic acid (reached 27% of applied at 0 hr, 17% by day 48) were measured.

Other minor degradates include oxalic acid, bromoacetamide and dibromoactonitrile.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), dibromoacetonitrile and bromoacetamide were found in the sediment layer.
The anaerobic metabolism study includes degradation due to both biotic and abiotic mechanisms.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method.
This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm.
Less than 1% of a 4000 ppm aqueous solution of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) remained after 28 days exposure to sunlight(2); 91% of the added DBNPA was still present in the dark control after the same period of time.

Dibromoacetic acid (63.7%) is the major degradate at pH 5 (half-life of 14.8 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 38.6%) and at pH 7 (half-life of 6.9 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 74.9%) in aqueous photolysis studies(2).
Hydrolysis half-lives of 155, 8.8, 5.8, 2.0, and 0.34 hours were measured at pH values of 6.0, 7.3, 7.7, 8.0, and 8.9, respectively(2).
The half-life of DBNPA is 67 days at pH 5, 63 hours at pH 7, and 73 minutes at pH 9(3).

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), dibromoacetonitrile (54.5% of applied), and dibromoacetonitrile (38.6% of applied) are the major degradates at pH values of 5, 7, and 9, respectively(3).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control bacteria and reduce biofouling in various membrane system types (reverse osmosis, ultra- filtration, nano-filtration, and microfiltration) used for industrial water processing.
Acceptable industrial applications include reverse osmosis systems for the production of boiler make-up water for electric power production, electronic component rinsing, and in chemical manufacturing industry.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can also be used for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) , has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) and true algae.
The 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) molecule will function immediately upon introduction into the feed water and antimicrobial control is rapidly achieved if properly dosed.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) offers an advantageous combination of quick kill properties followed by fast chemical degradation, including hydrolysis.
The dominant degradation pathway at use conditions invloves reactions with nucleophilic substances or organic material invariably found in water.
Nucleophilic degradation forms cyanoacetamide.

When the disposal of concentrate involves the release to large open waterways, additional degradation will occur via exposure to UV-radiation.
When sufficiently diluted, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) and its degradation products become biodegradable.
The ultimate degradation products formed from both chemical and biodegradation processes of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) include ammonia, carbon dioxide, and bromide ions.

Therefore, meeting the local environmental regulations for the permitted discharge of the reject stream should not be affected with DBNPA use.
In other approved regions of the world, it is marketed under the name DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is technical grade 2.2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide.

It is only registered for non-fifra use in the US.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a quick-kill biocide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is stable under normal conditions.

Avoid process temperatures of 70°C (158°F) or higher and use of strong reducing agents.
Please refer to the safety data sheet of this product for precise handling instructions.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids. Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

Vapors, including cyanogen bromide, may be present in unvented containers.
These vapors may be irritating to the upper respiratory tract of workers, who allow their mouth or nose to get close to the container opening.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be stored for 12 months under normal temperature conditions.

Biofouling of RO membranes is a common problem for many membrane filtration systems that source water from open ocean intakes, seawater wells, brackish river water, and other surface waters that contain naturally occurring organic matter.
The limiting factor to biofouling control is the incompatibility of the polyamide thin-film composite RO membrane to chlorine exposure, as well as exposure to other oxidizing chemicals commonly used for process water disinfection.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control bacteria and reduce biofouling in various membrane system types (reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, and microfiltration) used for industrial water processing.

Acceptable industrial applications include reverse osmosis systems for the production of boiler make-up water for electric power production, electronic component rinsing, and the chemical manufacturing industry.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can also be used for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) Water Treatment Microbiocide is for use in RO systems in the industrial market and for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) biocide solution.
Fast-acting, broad-spectrum biocide for treating raw materials, process water, and contaminated products and systems.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) chemical name is 2.2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) Microbicide offers broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, and algae.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is quick-acting and breaks down rapidly into non-hazardous materials.
Active Ingredient 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)e.

The advantages of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) include to eradicate a wide range of microbes (fungal, bacterial, algal).
Minimizes production downtime and delays due to contamination.
Do not contribute problematic components to formulate or create long-term health and safety concerns.

In general, avoid eye and skin contact, wear safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing.
In case of eye or skin contact, despite precautionary measures, wash immediately and thoroughly with plenty of warm water and obtain medical attention.

Uses:
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is frequently used as a biocide in water treatment processes to control microbial growth in industrial cooling water systems, pulp and paper processing, oil exploration and production, and other water-based systems.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into paints and coatings formulations to inhibit microbial growth and extend the shelf life of these products.
In textile manufacturing, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be used as a biocide to prevent microbial growth on fabrics and fibers, particularly in humid or damp conditions.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in the oil and gas industry to prevent microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) in pipelines, storage tanks, and other oilfield equipment.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in industrial water systems beyond cooling towers, including process water systems, wastewater treatment plants, and industrial washing systems to control microbial growth and prevent biofouling.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in hygiene products such as hand sanitizers, wet wipes, and disinfectants to provide antimicrobial protection against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and algae.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in agricultural settings as a biocide and preservative in irrigation water, agricultural tanks, and equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain water quality.
In the plastics and polymer industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be added to formulations to inhibit microbial growth during manufacturing processes and to prevent degradation of polymer products during storage and transportation.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in leather processing to prevent microbial spoilage and deterioration of hides and skins during storage and transportation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in disinfectants and sanitizers used in medical and healthcare facilities to disinfect surfaces, medical devices, and equipment, helping to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
In the food and beverage industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used as a biocide in water treatment systems, as well as in cleaning and sanitizing solutions to maintain hygiene standards and prevent microbial contamination in food processing facilities.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is added to swimming pool and spa water to control algae and bacteria growth, ensuring safe and hygienic recreational water environments.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into marine antifouling coatings to prevent the attachment and growth of marine organisms such as barnacles, algae, and mollusks on boat hulls and marine structures.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in metalworking fluids, such as cutting fluids and lubricants, to prevent microbial growth and contamination, thereby extending the fluid's lifespan and maintaining machining efficiency.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in air conditioning systems to control microbial growth in cooling coils, condensate pans, and air ducts, helping to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens and improve indoor air quality.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used in the production of photographic chemicals to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the stability and quality of photographic solutions and emulsions.
In the manufacturing of building materials such as adhesives, sealants, and coatings, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be added to prevent microbial degradation and preserve the integrity of the materials, particularly in humid or damp environments.
Within the oil and gas industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized as a biocide in drilling fluids, hydraulic fracturing fluids, and enhanced oil recovery operations to control microbial growth and prevent reservoir souring and biofouling.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in mining operations to control microbial growth in water systems used for ore processing, dust suppression, and other mining processes, helping to maintain operational efficiency and environmental compliance.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in the preservation of cultural heritage materials such as archival documents, artworks, and historical artifacts to prevent microbial deterioration and degradation over time.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is added to pulp and paper processing systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofilm formation, thereby improving paper quality and reducing downtime associated with microbial-related issues.

In certain concentrations and formulations, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in wood preservation treatments to prevent decay and degradation caused by fungi and bacteria in wood products, such as lumber, poles, and railway ties.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be added to adhesive and sealant formulations to prevent microbial growth and maintain product integrity during storage and use.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in the paper industry to prevent microbial contamination during paper production processes and to preserve the quality of paper products.
A chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.

As a broad-spectrum and efficient biocide, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on certain protein groups to stop the normal redox of cells, thus causing cell death.
At the same time, its branches can also selectively bromination or oxidation of specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, eventually leading to microbial death.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be freely miscible, low toxicity.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) solution could be added at any phase of production provided that thorough mixing is achieved.
Should the manufacturing process involve heating of the product, it is advisable to add 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) after cooling down at the end of the process.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) solution may be used to reduce microbial contamination in raw materials and/or products such as aqueous paints and coatings, polymers, slurries, adhesives, latex and resin emulsions, sizing, caulk, process water, along with specialty industrial products including inks, polishes, waxes, detergents and cleansers.

To reduce microbial contamination, add 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to the material or product at a concentration of 25 to 2,000 ppm by weight.
This concentration is equivalent to 2.8 to 224.0 fluid ounces of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) per 1,000 gallons or 21.4 to 1,712 milliliters of DBNPA 20% per 1,000 liters.
The required concentration will depend on the material being treated and the level of contamination present.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a high-efficiency antiseptic bactericide, widely used as water treating agent, bactericide and algaecide for industrial circulating water and industrial cooling water, pulp treatment in paper making industry and as pharmaceutical intermediate, etc.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a kind of Water Treatment Material.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
It is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has following advantages: Easy to handle. No unusual oxidation hazards. Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, Pulp, wood, paint and plywood in the growth and reproduction, at the same time can do slime control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

Safety Profile:
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon direct contact.
This irritation may manifest as redness, itching, burning, or inflammation.
Proper protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling DBNPA to minimize the risk of exposure.

Inhalation of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dust, vapors, or mists may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or throat irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be maintained in areas where 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to minimize airborne exposure.

Poison by ingestion and intravenous routes.
A severe skin and eye irritant.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Brand NO,.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used as a hydrogels for medical applications


CAS NUMBER: 15214-89-8

EC NUMBER: 239-268-0

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C7H13NO4S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 207.25 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid


2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used in water treatment
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can be used is oil field

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used for construction chemicals
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is also used for personal care products

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used for emulsion coatings
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can used as an adhesive
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is found in rheology modifiers.

Properties
*2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid has a hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to AMPS-containing polymers

*2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid has polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.

*Solubility: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF)
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents

*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.
The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.

*Determining viscosity-average molecular weight (Mark-Houwink constants)

APPLICATIONS:
*Acrylic fiber: A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.

*Coating and adhesive: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid's sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives, and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.

*Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.

*Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.

*Medical hydrogel: High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.
Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.
In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.

*Oil field applications: Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.
For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.

*Water treatment applications: The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.

*Crop protection: increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.

*Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.

*Construction applications: Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.
Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.
Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid's CAS number is 15214-89-8.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is highly polymerizable and can be just as easily depolymerised using basic methods with acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is highly hygroscopic- meaning it collects the moisture from the surroundings.

The molecular formula of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is C7H13NO4S.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid's aqueous solution is acidic in nature, soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid monomer and sodium salt allow the polymer producers to manufacture superior quality polymers for usage in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is easily available in the market in both granules and liquid form.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is high in productivity and optimum performance.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used in the following areas:
-pH regulators
-water treatment products
-laboratory chemicals
-health services
-scientific research and development
-polymers


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 207.25 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: -0.4

-Exact Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8Ų

-Physical Description: Pellets or Large Crystals

-Melting Point: 185.5 - 186 °C

-Solubility: 1e+006 mg/L

-Density: 1.45

-Flash Point: 160 °C


2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is an important monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid's copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight have unique formula structure

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid contains sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is often used in the textile industry

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid takes part in oil drilling operations
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid plays an active role in water treatment applications


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

-Rotatable Bond Count: 4

-Heavy Atom Count: 13

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 299

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes


2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can be used in papermaking, dyeing and coating processes
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid offers excellent features in many aspects such as cosmetics, electronics

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used as a hydrogels for medical applications

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used in water treatment

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can be used is oil field
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is high in productivity and optimum performance.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used in scientific research and development


SYNONYMS:

15214-89-8
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
27119-07-9
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID
490HQE5KI5
DTXSID5027770
2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-
2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
DTXCID207770
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-
CAS-15214-89-8
EINECS 239-268-0
UNII-490HQE5KI5
AtBS
acryloyldimethyltaurine
LUBRIZOL AMPS
Rheothik 80-11
TBAS-Q
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid
EC 239-268-0
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS)
SCHEMBL19490
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer
tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid
CHEMBL1907040
acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid
CHEBI:166476
acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid
Tox21_201781
Tox21_303523
MFCD00007522
AKOS015898709
CS-W015266
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid
5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt)
NCGC00163969-01
NCGC00163969-02
NCGC00257492-01
NCGC00259330-01
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
A0926
FT-0610988
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE
E76045
Q209301
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid
J-200043
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid
82989-71-7
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPAN
SODIUM SALT OF 2 ACRYLAMIDO
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC
SODIUM ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE
SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE
SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMINO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE
sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonate
N-[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(sodiosulfo)ethyl]acrylamide
Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid
15214-89-8
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
239-268-0
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propyl-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid
Acide 2-(acryloylamino)-2-méthyl-1-propanesulfonique
MFCD00007522
TZ6658000
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
201849-71-0
201849-72-1
201849-73-2
201849-74-3
27119-07-9
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonicacid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)-1-propanesulfonate
2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propanesulfonic acid
2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid
AMPS
EINECS 239-268-0
2-ACRYLAMIDE-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULPHONIC ACID
2-ACRYLOYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-METHYL-2-[(1-OXO-2-PROPENYL)AMINO]-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID
ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER
AMPS
AMPS MONOMER
LABOTEST-BB LT00012662
1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonicacid
TBAS
2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamide-2-MethyylPropaneSodiumSulfonate

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.


CAS Number: 15214-89-8
EC Number: 239-268-0
MDL number: MFCD00007522
Linear Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H
Chemical formula: C7H13NO4S



SYNONYMS:
AMPS, TBAS, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER, ampsna, TBAS-Q, 2-AcryL, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane-1-Sulfonic acid, ATBS Monomer, AMPS Monomer, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, AMPS, Lubrizol AMPS, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, AMPS (sulfonic acid), 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2404, TBAS-Q, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, ATBS, tert-Butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2402, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, CG 810S-P, 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, N-Acryloyl-2,2-dimethyltaurine, (1,1-Dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methy-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, 82989-71-7, 107240-62-0, 114705-58-7, 127889-32-1, 155380-40-8, 155401-75-5, 382655-32-5, 936232-42-7, 1211475-04-5, 1390640-03-5, 1600517-24-5, 2146156-10-5, 2321346-04-5, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid,2-Methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-,15214-89-8,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-,AMPS,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 15214-89-8, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 27119-07-9, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, AtBS, acrylamido dimethyl taurine, DTXSID5027770, LUBRIZOL AMPS, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, TBAS-Q, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 490HQE5KI5, DTXCID207770, tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-, 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-, CAS-15214-89-8, EINECS 239-268-0, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID, UNII-490HQE5KI5, EC 239-268-0, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), SCHEMBL19490, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer, CHEMBL1907040, CHEBI:166476, Tox21_201781, Tox21_303523, MFCD00007522, AKOS015898709, CS-W015266, 5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt), NCGC00163969-01, NCGC00163969-02, NCGC00257492-01, NCGC00259330-01, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, A0926, NS00005061, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE, E76045, Q209301, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid, J-200043, 2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid, 82989-71-7, InChI=1/C7H13NO4S/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12, (1 1-Dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2 2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, AMPS, AMPS-NA, N-[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(sodiosulfo)ethyl]acrylamide, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, Sodium2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, Sodium 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, N-[2-(Sodiooxysulfonyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]acrylamide, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, 2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonicacidsodiumsalt, 2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 15214-89-8, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, AMPS, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 2-Acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonsaeure, 2-Acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Acide 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonique, acido 2-acrilamido-2-metilpropanosulfonico, Acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2404, Lubrizol AMPS, PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-, EINECS 239-268-0, UNII-490HQE5KI5, 1202001-18-0, 107240-62-0, 114705-58-7, 1211475-04-5, 127889-32-1, 155380-40-8, 155401-75-5, 382655-32-5, 82989-71-7, 936232-42-7, 1600517-24-5, 1390640-03-5



2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.


The IUPAC name for the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) compound is 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and the CAS number is 15214-89-8.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly polymerizable and can be just as easily depolymerised using basic methods with acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly hygroscopic- meaning it collects the moisture from the surroundings.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer will collect itself when it comes in contact with water.
The molecular formula of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is C7H13NO4S.
Its aqueous solution is acidic in nature, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer and sodium salt allow the polymer producers to manufacture superior quality polymers for usage in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is easily available in the market in both granules and liquid form.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is high in productivity and optimum performance.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.
Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving the use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) changes the chemical properties of a wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile substance that is inherently hydrolytic and possesses properties such as thermal stability, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity.


Due to its high polymerizability, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can readily be copolymerized with other chemicals such as acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, and acrylamide.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)’s aqueous solution is acidic and soluble in dimethyl, partially soluble in methanol, but insoluble in acetone


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white or off-white solid with a molecular formula of C7H13NO4S and a molecular weight of 207.25 g/mol.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s high purity, typically exceeding 95%, ensures reliable and consistent performance in a wide range of applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s distinct chemical structure, featuring an acrylamide group and a sulfonic acid moiety, endows it with exceptional versatility and functionality.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a kind of vinyl monomer with sulfonic acid group, which has a good thermal stability.
The decomposition temperature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be up to 210℃ and the temperature of sodium salt copolymer can reach 329℃.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s hydrolysis is very slow in aqueous solution.
Sodium salt solution has good anti-hydrolysis performance with high PH value.
Under acid condition, the hydrolysisresistant performance of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymer is better than that of polyacrylamide.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile monomer possessing thermal stability, a hydrolytic nature, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity ratio, and it can be both copolymerized and homopolymerized.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a highly reactive, hydrophilic, sulphonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of a large variety of anionic polymers.
The aqueous solution of2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is acidic in nature and soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) along with sodium salt allows the polymers to manufacture high-quality polymers for application in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is organic, available in both granules and liquid form.


At present, the application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in water treatment agents accounts for 1/3 of the world's output.
In recent years, as countries in the world pay more and more attention to environmental protection, the treatment of various wastewater has also become particularly important.


It is believed that the market demand for 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) will increase year by year.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a unique vinyl monomer with a sulfonic acid group.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.


Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


Synthetic fiber: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is the important monomer which could change the combination property of some synthetic fiber, in particular, the orion and the modacrylic fiber with chloride, the dosage is the 1-4 of the fiber, it could improve the white contentdyeing property ntistaticventilation property and flame resistance.


The sizes of the textile: The copolymer of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), ethyl acetate and acrylic acid, it is the ideal size of the cotton and the polyester blend fabric, it has the characteristic of easy to use and east to use the water to remove.


Paper making: The copolymer of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) with other watersoluble monomer, this is the indispensable chemical in all kinds of papermaking factory, it could be used as the drainage aid and on gel, it could increase the strength of the paper, it also could be used as the pigment dispersing agent of color coating.


Water treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS): The 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer homopolymer with the acrylamide acrylic acid monomer homopolymer, they could besludge dehydrating agent in the sewage purification process and preservative of the iron,zinc,aluminum,cooper,alloy in the closed water circulation system, they also could be used ascleaning and scale inhibitor of heatercoolingtowerair cleanerg-cleaner.


Crop protection: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.
Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.


Acrylic fiber uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS): A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.


Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in a wide range of applications including textiles, flocculants, dispersants, scale control agents and well-additives.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is also used in good additives, paint and coatings, water treatment agents (majorly as a scale preventing agent), paper and pulp industry, acrylic fibre dyeing aids.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has excellent synthesis, absorptivity, surface activity, biological activity, hydraulic and thermal stability


There are various applications in diversified areas involving the use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomers such as oil fields, construction chemicals, hydrogens for chemicals, adhesives and rheology modifiers, emulsion coatings and personal care products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is suitable for application in co-polymerization and in addition reactions.


The major and most popular use of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) compound is in water treatment, latex, adhesives, and acrylic fibres.
Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.


Personal care products: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important monomer.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weights can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formula structure containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used intermediates.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important monomer.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in oilfield chemistry, water treatment, synthetic fibers, plastics, printing and dyeing, papermaking, water paint, biomedicine, magnetic materials and cosmetics etc.
The diverse applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) span a wide range of industries and research areas.


The primary application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), when used at the highest purity level, is in the petroleum recovery industry.
Other areas of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) of application include Water treatment, Acrylic fibers,


Oilfields, Latex and adhesives, Emulsion coatings ,Personal care products, Medical and construction applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is applied in the production of Polymers ,Textiles, Flocculants, Dispersants, scale, control agents, and well-additives.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used Acrylic fiber, Coating and adhesive, Detergents, Personal care, Medical hydrogel, Oil field applications, Water treatment applications, Crop protection, Membranes, and Construction applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in textiles (spinning, dyeing), plastics, papermaking, coatings, sewage treatment, oil extraction and other industrial production, manufacturing excellent antistatic agents, dyeing agents, dispersants, water absorbing agents, flocculants, Foam stabilizers, special coating, oil field chemical agent, etc.


One of the main uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is to produce water treatment agents.
At present, the research and production of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in water treatment agents have been widely carried out in China, especially the research on organic phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid copolymer, which is the most widely used water treatment agent in industrial cooling water system.


-Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) finds use as a buffer in aqueous solutions, maintaining optimal pH conditions for various biological processes and drug formulations.
Its unique transport properties and ability to form hydrogen bonds make 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) a valuable component in the development of innovative pharmaceutical and biomedical products.


-Personal Care and Cosmetic Formulations:
The chemical and biological properties of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) make it a desirable ingredient in personal care and cosmetic products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s ability to interact with other compounds and its compatibility with various formulations allow for the creation of advanced, high-performance personal care solutions.


-Advanced Materials and Coatings:
Researchers in material science and engineering leverage the versatility of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to develop novel materials with enhanced performance characteristics.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s integration into polymers, coatings, and other advanced materials can lead to improved mechanical properties, thermal stability, and functional attributes.


-Coating and adhesive:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.

Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.


-Medical hydrogel uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS):
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.

Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.


-Oil field applications:
Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.

For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.


-Water treatment applications:
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.


-Construction applications:
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.

Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating


-Oilfield chemistry:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is rapid development in the application of the oil field chemistry.
The scope including oil well cement admixtures drilling fluid additive acidizing fluid well completion fluid,work over fluid,fracture fluid.


-Latex and Adhesive applications:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is known to achieve outstanding latex stability in high-performance latex coatings.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations and improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives.

The polymers with lower molecular weight containing 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) Monomer are especially efficient dispersants for highly-polar operations.


-Oil Field applications:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the oil field application in its granule and liquified form because of its unmatchable thermal and hydraulic stability.

Such hostile environments demand only high-performing products.
The tendency to increase the viscosity and divalent cation stability is what makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) an ideal solution for many oil field operations.


-Water treatment applications.
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers is very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights can inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers and help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.


-Oil field applications.
Polymers in oil field applications must stand in hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and resistance to hard water-containing metal ions.

For example, in drilling operations where high salinity, high temperature, and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers, and water-control polymers and in polymer flooding applications.


-Construction applications.
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
The benefits of these additives include improved strength, workability, and durability of cement mixtures.

In addition, re-dispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced in cement mixtures, controls air pore content and prevents agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from forming as lime on the concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of the coating.


-Medical hydrogel applications.
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when introducing 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.

In addition, Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used for electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Finally, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbent, e. g. for baby diapers.


-Coating and adhesive.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide pH range.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and reduce surfactants leaching out of paint film.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) improves adhesive thermal and mechanical properties and increases pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations’ adhesive strength.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a sulfonic acid acrylic monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is reactive and hydrophilic.
The sulfonate group gives 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at a wide pH range.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) absorbs water readily and imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.



PRODUCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce AMPS in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers.


*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.


*Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.

The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.
Determining viscosity-average molecular weight (Mark-Houwink constants)



REACTIVITY RATIO OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) reacts well with a variety of vinyl monomers.
M2= 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) or † sodium salt of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS).



SOLUBILITY OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly soluble in water (1×106 mg/L at 25°C ).



NOTES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is hygroscopic.
Store 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) away from oxidizing agents and bases.
Keep 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.



PREPARATION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be synthesized by one step and two steps.
The one-step method is to react the raw materials acrylonitrile, isobutylene and oleum together.

The two-step method is to sulfonate isobutylene in the presence of a reaction solvent to obtain a sulfonated intermediate, and then react with acrylonitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid.
One-step method is more economical.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white crystal.
The melting point of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is 195°C (decomposition).

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in water, the solution is acidic.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in dimethylformamide, partially soluble in methanol, ethanol, and insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is slightly sour.



BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
At its core, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a proton-donor that is often utilized as a buffer in aqueous solutions.
Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules grants 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) unique transport properties, making it a valuable component in various biological and chemical systems.

The acidic nature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), stemming from its sulfonic acid group, allows it to interact with other compounds through hydrogen bonding.
This property enables 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to serve as a versatile building block in the synthesis of novel materials and formulations, unlocking new possibilities in fields such as pharmaceuticals, personal care, and advanced materials.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers.


*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.


*Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
Chemical formula: C7H13NO4S
Molar mass: 207.24 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granular particles
Density: 1.1 g/cm³ (15.6 °C)
Melting point: 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K)
Formula Weight: 207.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 299

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: Powder
Color: White
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 195 °C - dec.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable. - Flammability (solids)
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable

Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C at 1013.250 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available;
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 500 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -3.7 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0.1 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1.36 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not explosive
Other safety information:

Surface tension: 70.5 mN/m at 1 g/l at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 2.4 at 20 °C
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
Molar Mass: 229.23
Density: 1.2055 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 110 °C at 101.325 kPa
Vapor Pressure: 0 Pa at 25 °C
Specific Gravity: 1.206
Sensitive: 0; forms stable aqueous solutions
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.4220 (lit.)
CAS number: 15214-89-8
EC number: 239-268-0
Hill Formula: C₇H₁₃NO₄S
Formula Weight: 207.25 g/mol

HS Code: 2924 19 00
Density: 1.36 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Melting Point: 190 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 640 kg/m³
Solubility: >500 g/l soluble
CBNumber: CB3470952
Molecular Formula: C7H13NO4S
Molecular Weight: 207.25
MDL Number: MFCD00007522
MOL File: 15214-89-8.mol
Melting point: 195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Density: 1.45
Vapor Pressure: Refractive Index: 1.6370 (estimate)
Flash Point: 160 °C
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.

Solubility: >500 g/L soluble
pKa: 1.67±0.50 (Predicted)
Form: Solution
Color: White
Water Solubility: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1946464
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: HNKOEEKIRDEWRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.7 at 20℃ and pH1-7
Surface Tension: 70.5 mN/m at 1 g/L and 20℃
Dissociation Constant: 2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 15214-89-8 (CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 490HQE5KI5

EPA Substance Registry System: 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]- (15214-89-8)
Molecular Weight: 207.24700
Exact Mass: 207.25
EC Number: 925-482-8
UNII: 490HQE5KI5
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5027770
HScode: 2942000000
Characteristics:
PSA: 91.85000
XLogP3: -0.4
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.45
Melting Point: 184-186 °C
Boiling Point: 412ºC
Flash Point: 160ºC

Refractive Index: 1.502
Water Solubility: H2O: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions: 2-8ºC
Molecular Weight: 207.25
XLogP3: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 207.05652907
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907
Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Complexity: 299
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: White crystal powder
Non-volatile matter: ≥98.50%(m/m)
Acid Value: 268-278 mgKOH/g
Melting Point: 180-185℃
Water Content: ≤1.0%(m/m)
Iron Content: ≤0.002%(m/m)
Color (25% aqueous solution), Pt-Co: ≤100
Purity: ≥97.00%(m/m)
Melting Point: ∼195°C (decomposition)
Quantity: 50 g
UN Number: UN2585
Beilstein: 1946464
Formula Weight: 207.25
Percent Purity: 98%
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
Heat sensitive.
Handle under inert gas.
Protect from moisture.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

DESCRIPTION:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was a Trademark name by The Lubrizol Corporation.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.

CAS Number: 15214-89-8
EC Number: 239-268-0
Molecular Weight: 207.25


2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid is an organosulfonic acid.
Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl Propanesulfonic Acid, also known as 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, is a sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to change the chemical properties of anionic polymers.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is highly polymerizable and can be just as easily depolymerised using basic methods with acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is highly hygroscopic- meaning 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid collects the moisture from the surroundings.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer will collect itself when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid comes in contact with water.

Its aqueous solution is acidic in nature, soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer and sodium salt allow the polymer producers to manufacture superior quality polymers for usage in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is easily available in the market in both granules and liquid form.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is high in productivity and optimum performance.


PRODUCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.

PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:
Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid -containing polymers.

Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.

Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.

Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.

The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.
Determining viscosity-average molecular weight (Mark-Houwink constants)

APPLICATIONS OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:
Acrylic fiber: A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Coating and adhesive: Its sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.

Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives, and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.

Detergents: Enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.
Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.

Medical hydrogel: High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.
Hydrogel with AMPS showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.

Oil field applications: Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.
For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.

Water treatment applications: The cation stability of the AMPS-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.

Crop protection: increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.

Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.

Construction applications: Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.
Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid -containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating


2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.

2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is used in a wide range of applications including textiles, flocculants, dispersants, scale control agents and well-additives.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is also used in good additives, paint and coatings, water treatment agents (majorly as a scale preventing agent), paper and pulp industry, acrylic fibre dyeing aids.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid has an excellent synthesis, absorptivity, surface activity, biological activity, hydraulic and thermal stability

There are various applications in diversified areas involving the use of 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomers such as oil fields, construction chemicals, hydrogens for chemicals, adhesives and rheology modifiers, emulsion coatings and personal care products.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is suitable for application in co-polymerization and in addition reactions.
The major and most popular use of this chemical compound is in water treatment, latex, adhesives, and acrylic fibres.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is also used in the following applications:

Latex and Adhesive applications:
The 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is known to achieve outstanding latex stability in high-performance latex coatings.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations and improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives.
The polymers with lower molecular weight containing 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid Monomer are especially efficient dispersants for highly-polar operations.


Oil Field applications:
The acrylamide tertiary-butyl sulfonic acid is used in the oil field application in its granule and liquified form because of its unmatchable thermal and hydraulic stability.
Such hostile environments demand only high-performing products.
The tendency to increase the viscosity and divalent cation stability is what makes it an ideal solution for many oil field operations.


2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Copolymer can be used as scale inhibitor and dispersant in open circulating cooling water system, oilfield refill water system, metallurgy system and iron & steel plants to prevent sediment of ferric oxide.
When built with organophosphorines and zinc salt, the suitable pH value is 7.0~9.5.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Copolymer can also be used as dyeing auxiliaries for textile

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:
Chemical formula C7H13NO4S
Molar mass 207.24 g•mol−1
Appearance White crystalline powder or granular particles
Density 1.1 g/cm3 (15.6 °C)
Melting point 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K),
Linear Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H
CAS Number: 15214-89-8
Molecular Weight: 207.25
EC Number: 239-268-0
MDL number: MFCD00007522
Molecular Weight 207.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 4
Exact Mass 207.05652907 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 207.05652907 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 91.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count 13
Formal Charge 0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity 299
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Formula C7H13NO4S
Formula Weight 207.25
Melting point: ca 195° dec.
Density 1.10
Storage & Sensitivity Keep Cold. Hygroscopic.
Solubility Highly soluble in water (1×106 mg/L at 25°C ).

Appearance Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid
Solid content, % 40.0 min
Free monomer (as AA), % 0.5 max
Density (20℃), g/cm3 1.15 min
pH(1% water solution) 3.5-4.5


Other names:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid



SYNONYMS OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:
2-acrylamide 2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, monosodium salt
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, potassium salt
2-AMPS
AMPS sulfonate cpd
15214-89-8
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
27119-07-9
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
AtBS
acryloyldimethyltaurine
DTXSID5027770
LUBRIZOL AMPS
TBAS-Q
EINECS 239-268-0
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID
UNII-490HQE5KI5
490HQE5KI5
DTXCID207770
tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid
acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid
acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-
EC 239-268-0
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS)
2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-
CAS-15214-89-8
SCHEMBL19490
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer
CHEMBL1907040
CHEBI:166476
Tox21_201781
Tox21_303523
(C7-H13-N-O4-S)x-
MFCD00007522
AKOS015898709
CS-W015266
5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt)
NCGC00163969-01
NCGC00163969-02
NCGC00257492-01
NCGC00259330-01
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid
LS-120969
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
A0926
FT-0610988
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE
E76045
Q209301
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid
J-200043
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid
82989-71-7
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid
15214-89-8 [RN]
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]- [ACD/Index Name]
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
239-268-0 [EINECS]
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid [Wiki]
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propyl-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid
Acide 2-(acryloylamino)-2-méthyl-1-propanesulfonique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
MFCD00007522 [MDL number]
TZ6658000
[15214-89-8] [RN]
107240-62-0 [RN]
114705-58-7 [RN]
127889-32-1 [RN]
155380-40-8 [RN]
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
201849-71-0 [RN]
201849-72-1 [RN]
201849-73-2 [RN]
201849-74-3 [RN]
27119-07-9 [RN]
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonicacid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)-1-propanesulfonate
2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propanesulfonic acid
2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid
5165-97-9 [RN]
52825-28-2 [RN]
60474-89-7 [RN]
82989-71-7 [RN]
88528-38-5 [RN]
AMPS
EINECS 239-268-0
NCGC00163969-01
ST5307457
T5SJ B1 C1 DVQ E- AT5NJ [WLN]
TZ 6658000

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile substance that is inherently hydrolytic and possesses properties such as thermal stability, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity.


CAS Number: 15214-89-8
EC Number: 239-268-0
MDL number: MFCD00007522
Linear Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H
Chemical formula: C7H13NO4S



SYNONYMS:
1-Propanesulfonicacid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl- (8CI), 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-(9CI), 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, AMPS(sulfonic acid), Acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, TBAS-Q, tert-Butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, AMPS, TBAS, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER, ampsna, TBAS-Q, 2-AcryL, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane-1-Sulfonic acid, ATBS Monomer, AMPS Monomer, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, AMPS, Lubrizol AMPS, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, AMPS (sulfonic acid), 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2404, TBAS-Q, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, ATBS, tert-Butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2402, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, CG 810S-P, 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, N-Acryloyl-2,2-dimethyltaurine, (1,1-Dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methy-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, 82989-71-7, 107240-62-0, 114705-58-7, 127889-32-1, 155380-40-8, 155401-75-5, 382655-32-5, 936232-42-7, 1211475-04-5, 1390640-03-5, 1600517-24-5, 2146156-10-5, 2321346-04-5, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid,2-Methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-,15214-89-8,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-,AMPS,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 15214-89-8, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 27119-07-9, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, AtBS, acrylamido dimethyl taurine, DTXSID5027770, LUBRIZOL AMPS, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, TBAS-Q, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 490HQE5KI5, DTXCID207770, tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-, 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-, CAS-15214-89-8, EINECS 239-268-0, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID, UNII-490HQE5KI5, EC 239-268-0, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), SCHEMBL19490, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer, CHEMBL1907040, CHEBI:166476, Tox21_201781, Tox21_303523, MFCD00007522, AKOS015898709, CS-W015266, 5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt), NCGC00163969-01, NCGC00163969-02, NCGC00257492-01, NCGC00259330-01, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, A0926, NS00005061, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE, E76045, Q209301, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid, J-200043, 2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid, 82989-71-7, InChI=1/C7H13NO4S/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12, (1 1-Dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2 2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, AMPS, AMPS-NA, N-[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(sodiosulfo)ethyl]acrylamide, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, Sodium2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, Sodium 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, N-[2-(Sodiooxysulfonyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]acrylamide, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, 2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonicacidsodiumsalt, 2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 15214-89-8, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, AMPS, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 2-Acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonsaeure, 2-Acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Acide 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonique, acido 2-acrilamido-2-metilpropanosulfonico, Acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2404, Lubrizol AMPS, PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-, EINECS 239-268-0, UNII-490HQE5KI5, 1202001-18-0, 107240-62-0, 114705-58-7, 1211475-04-5, 127889-32-1, 155380-40-8, 155401-75-5, 382655-32-5, 82989-71-7, 936232-42-7, 1600517-24-5, 1390640-03-5



2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile chemical compound that finds a wide range of applications across various industries due to its unique properties, particularly its high water solubility and ionic nature.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is high in productivity and optimum performance.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.


Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving the use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) changes the chemical properties of a wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile substance that is inherently hydrolytic and possesses properties such as thermal stability, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity.


Due to its high polymerizability, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can readily be copolymerized with other chemicals such as acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, and acrylamide.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)’s aqueous solution is acidic and soluble in dimethyl, partially soluble in methanol, but insoluble in acetone.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white or off-white solid with a molecular formula of C7H13NO4S and a molecular weight of 207.25 g/mol.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s high purity, typically exceeding 95%, ensures reliable and consistent performance in a wide range of applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s distinct chemical structure, featuring an acrylamide group and a sulfonic acid moiety, endows it with exceptional versatility and functionality.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a kind of vinyl monomer with sulfonic acid group, which has a good thermal stability.


The decomposition temperature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be up to 210℃ and the temperature of sodium salt copolymer can reach 329℃.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s hydrolysis is very slow in aqueous solution.


Sodium salt solution has good anti-hydrolysis performance with high PH value.
Under acid condition, the hydrolysisresistant performance of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymer is better than that of polyacrylamide.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile monomer possessing thermal stability, a hydrolytic nature, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity ratio, and it can be both copolymerized and homopolymerized.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a high grade reagent.
Also known as AMPS, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly polymerizable and can be just as easily depolymerised using basic methods with acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide etc.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly hygroscopic- meaning it collects the moisture from the surroundings.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer will collect itself when it comes in contact with water.
The molecular formula of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is C7H13NO4S.


Its aqueous solution is acidic in nature, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer and sodium salt allow the polymer producers to manufacture superior quality polymers for usage in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is easily available in the market in both granules and liquid form.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a highly reactive, hydrophilic, sulphonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of a large variety of anionic polymers.


The aqueous solution of2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is acidic in nature and soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) along with sodium salt allows the polymers to manufacture high-quality polymers for application in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is organic, available in both granules and liquid form.
At present, the application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in water treatment agents accounts for 1/3 of the world's output.
In recent years, as countries in the world pay more and more attention to environmental protection, the treatment of various wastewater has also become particularly important.


It is believed that the market demand for 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) will increase year by year.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is available as a white crystalline powder, which is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF).
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be synthesized by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulphuric acid and water.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.
The IUPAC name for the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) compound is 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and the CAS number is 15214-89-8.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a unique vinyl monomer with a sulfonic acid group.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.
The sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group, and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
Cosmetics and Personal Care uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used in cosmetic and personal care products, such as hair styling products and skin care formulations, to enhance product performance and consistency.
Paints and Coatings uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers can be added to paint and coating formulations to improve their adhesion, durability, and resistance to moisture.


These applications highlight the versatility of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and its importance in various industries where water absorption, ionic interactions, and performance-enhancing properties are required.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s important to note that the specific formulation and use of AMPS-based products can vary widely depending on the industry and application.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
Paper Industry uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used as retention aids and drainage aids in the papermaking process to improve the formation and strength of paper products.


Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


Synthetic fiber: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is the important monomer which could change the combination property of some synthetic fiber, in particular, the orion and the modacrylic fiber with chloride, the dosage is the 1-4 of the fiber, it could improve the white contentdyeing property ntistaticventilation property and flame resistance.


The sizes of the textile: The copolymer of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), ethyl acetate and acrylic acid, it is the ideal size of the cotton and the polyester blend fabric, it has the characteristic of easy to use and east to use the water to remove.


Paper making: The copolymer of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with other watersoluble monomer, this is the indispensable chemical in all kinds of papermaking factory, it could be used as the drainage aid and on gel, it could increase the strength of the paper, it also could be used as the pigment dispersing agent of color coating.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in oilfield chemistry, water treatment, synthetic fibers, plastics, printing and dyeing, papermaking, water paint, biomedicine, magnetic materials and cosmetics etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has a wide range of applications in biological and chemical industries.


Water treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): The 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer homopolymer with the acrylamide acrylic acid monomer homopolymer, they could besludge dehydrating agent in the sewage purification process and preservative of the iron,zinc,aluminum,cooper,alloy in the closed water circulation system, they also could be used ascleaning and scale inhibitor of heatercoolingtowerair cleanerg-cleaner.


Crop protection: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.
Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.


Acrylic fiber uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) imparts dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidine fluoride fibers.
Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in a wide range of applications including textiles, flocculants, dispersants, scale control agents and well-additives.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is also used in good additives, paint and coatings, water treatment agents (majorly as a scale preventing agent), paper and pulp industry, acrylic fibre dyeing aids.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has excellent synthesis, absorptivity, surface activity, biological activity, hydraulic and thermal stability
There are various applications in diversified areas involving the use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomers such as oil fields, construction chemicals, hydrogens for chemicals, adhesives and rheology modifiers, emulsion coatings and personal care products.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is suitable for application in co-polymerization and in addition reactions.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) improves the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing attachment of dirt.


The major and most popular use of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) compound is in water treatment, latex, adhesives, and acrylic fibres.
Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.


Personal care products: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important monomer.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used to enhance the water-absorbing and swelling capacity of hydrogels in medical applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weights can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formula structure containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used intermediates.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important monomer.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in oilfield chemistry, water treatment, synthetic fibers, plastics, printing and dyeing, papermaking, water paint, biomedicine, magnetic materials and cosmetics etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) additionally increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes.


The diverse applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) span a wide range of industries and research areas.
The primary application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), when used at the highest purity level, is in the petroleum recovery industry.
Other areas of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) of application include Water treatment, Acrylic fibers, Oilfields, Latex and adhesives, Emulsion coatings ,Personal care products, Medical and construction applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is applied in the production of Polymers ,Textiles, Flocculants, Dispersants, scale, control agents, and well-additives.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used Acrylic fiber, Coating and adhesive, Detergents, Personal care, Medical hydrogel, Oil field applications, Water treatment applications, Crop protection, Membranes, and Construction applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is ideal for the synthesis of various compound in industrial processes, and is furthermore widely used in research applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in textiles (spinning, dyeing), plastics, papermaking, coatings, sewage treatment, oil extraction and other industrial production, manufacturing excellent antistatic agents, dyeing agents, dispersants, water absorbing agents, flocculants, Foam stabilizers, special coating, oil field chemical agent, etc.


At present, the research and production of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in water treatment agents have been widely carried out in China, especially the research on organic phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid copolymer, which is the most widely used water treatment agent in industrial cooling water system.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
One of the main uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is to produce water treatment agents.


-Advanced Materials and Coatings:
Researchers in material science and engineering leverage the versatility of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to develop novel materials with enhanced performance characteristics.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s integration into polymers, coatings, and other advanced materials can lead to improved mechanical properties, thermal stability, and functional attributes.


-Coating and adhesive:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.

Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.


-For water treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
Not only homopolymer of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer but also AMPS copolymer with acrylamide, acrylic acid and other monomers can be used as sludge dehydrating agent in sewage purification process.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used as sealing agents for iron, zinc, aluminum, copper, and alloys in closed water circulation systems.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can also be used as detergent and scale inhibitor for heater, cooling tower, air purifier and gas purifier descaling agent, scale inhibitor.


-Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a key component in the production of superabsorbent polymers.
These polymers have the ability to absorb and retain large amounts of water or aqueous solutions, making them ideal for use in products like diapers, sanitary pads, and agricultural soil conditioners.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based SAPs can also be used in the oil industry for water control in oil wells and drilling fluids.


-Water Treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in water treatment processes to improve the removal of impurities and suspended solids from water.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can function as a coagulant and flocculant aid in water purification, helping to clarify and clean water for drinking, industrial processes, and wastewater treatment.


-Medical hydrogel uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.

Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.


-Oil field applications:
Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.

For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.


-Specialty Polymers uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is copolymerized with other monomers to create specialty polymers with unique properties.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be tailored for specific applications, such as enhanced oil recovery, where they are used to improve the flow of oil from reservoirs.


-Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) finds use as a buffer in aqueous solutions, maintaining optimal pH conditions for various biological processes and drug formulations.
Its unique transport properties and ability to form hydrogen bonds make 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) a valuable component in the development of innovative pharmaceutical and biomedical products.


-Water treatment applications:
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.


-Construction applications:
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.

Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating


-Personal Care and Cosmetic Formulations:
The chemical and biological properties of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) make it a desirable ingredient in personal care and cosmetic products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s ability to interact with other compounds and its compatibility with various formulations allow for the creation of advanced, high-performance personal care solutions.


-Textile Industry uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used in the textile industry as finishing agents to enhance the performance and properties of fabrics.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can impart properties such as stain resistance, water repellency, and wrinkle resistance to textiles.


-Oilfield chemistry:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is rapid development in the application of the oil field chemistry.
The scope including oil well cement admixtures drilling fluid additive acidizing fluid well completion fluid,work over fluid,fracture fluid.


-Latex and Adhesive applications:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is known to achieve outstanding latex stability in high-performance latex coatings.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations and improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives.

The polymers with lower molecular weight containing 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) Monomer are especially efficient dispersants for highly-polar operations.


-Oil Field applications:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the oil field application in its granule and liquified form because of its unmatchable thermal and hydraulic stability.

Such hostile environments demand only high-performing products.
The tendency to increase the viscosity and divalent cation stability is what makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) an ideal solution for many oil field operations.


-Water treatment applications.
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers is very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights can inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers and help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.


-Oil and Gas Industry uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
In addition to enhanced oil recovery, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in drilling fluids and cement slurries to control fluid loss and improve the performance of drilling operations.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can also be found in various oilfield chemicals.


-Oil field applications.
Polymers in oil field applications must stand in hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and resistance to hard water-containing metal ions.

For example, in drilling operations where high salinity, high temperature, and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers, and water-control polymers and in polymer flooding applications.


-Construction applications.
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
The benefits of these additives include improved strength, workability, and durability of cement mixtures.

In addition, re-dispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced in cement mixtures, controls air pore content and prevents agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from forming as lime on the concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of the coating.


-Ion Exchange Resins uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
Cross-linked 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based resins are used in ion exchange processes for applications such as water softening, purification, and metal recovery.
These resins can selectively remove or exchange specific ions in solution.


-Adhesives and Sealants uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used in adhesive and sealant formulations to improve adhesion and cohesion properties.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can enhance the bonding strength and durability of adhesives and sealants.


-Agriculture uses :
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based superabsorbent polymers are used in agriculture to improve soil moisture retention, particularly in arid and drought-prone regions.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can help increase crop yields and reduce water usage.


-Medical hydrogel applications.
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when introducing 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.

In addition, Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used for electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Finally, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbent, e. g. for baby diapers.


-Coating and adhesive.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide pH range.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and reduce surfactants leaching out of paint film.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) improves adhesive thermal and mechanical properties and increases pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations’ adhesive strength.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a kind of vinyl monomer with sulfonic acid group, which has a good thermal stability.
The decomposition temperature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be up to 210 and the temperature of sodium salt copolymer can reach 329~C.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s hydrolysis is very slow in aqueous solution.
Sodium salt solution of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has good anti-hydrolysis performance with high PH value.
Under acid condition, the hydrolysis-resistant performance of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymer is better than that of polyacrylamide.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of sulfonic acid monomers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used due to unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly soluble in water, which makes it suitable for various water-based applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is typically used as a monomer or as part of a polymer rather than in its pure form.

The properties and applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can vary depending on its specific use and how it is incorporated into various materials and products.



BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
At its core, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a proton-donor that is often utilized as a buffer in aqueous solutions.
Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules grants 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) unique transport properties, making it a valuable component in various biological and chemical systems.

The acidic nature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), stemming from its sulfonic acid group, allows it to interact with other compounds through hydrogen bonding.

This property enables 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to serve as a versatile building block in the synthesis of novel materials and formulations, unlocking new possibilities in fields such as pharmaceuticals, personal care, and advanced materials.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers.


*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.


*Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a sulfonic acid acrylic monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is reactive and hydrophilic.
The sulfonate group gives 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at a wide pH range.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) absorbs water readily and imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.



PRODUCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce AMPS in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.



PREPARATION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be synthesized by one step and two steps.
The one-step method is to react the raw materials acrylonitrile, isobutylene and oleum together.

The two-step method is to sulfonate isobutylene in the presence of a reaction solvent to obtain a sulfonated intermediate, and then react with acrylonitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid.
One-step method is more economical.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white crystal.
The melting point of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is 195°C (decomposition).

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in water, the solution is acidic.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in dimethylformamide, partially soluble in methanol, ethanol, and insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is slightly sour.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers.


*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.


*Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.

The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.
Determining viscosity-average molecular weight (Mark-Houwink constants)



REACTIVITY RATIO OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) reacts well with a variety of vinyl monomers.
M2= 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) or † sodium salt of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS).



SOLUBILITY OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly soluble in water (1×106 mg/L at 25°C ).



NOTES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is hygroscopic.
Store 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) away from oxidizing agents and bases.
Keep 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
Chemical formula: C7H13NO4S
Molar mass: 207.24 g•mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granular particles
Density: 1.1 g/cm³ (15.6 °C)
Melting point: 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K)
Formula Weight: 207.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 299

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: Powder
Color: White
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 195 °C - dec.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable. - Flammability (solids)
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable

Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C at 1013.250 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available;
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 500 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -3.7 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0.1 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1.36 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not explosive
Other safety information:

Surface tension: 70.5 mN/m at 1 g/l at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 2.4 at 20 °C
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
Molar Mass: 229.23
Density: 1.2055 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 110 °C at 101.325 kPa
Vapor Pressure: 0 Pa at 25 °C
Specific Gravity: 1.206
Sensitive: 0; forms stable aqueous solutions
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.4220 (lit.)
CAS number: 15214-89-8
EC number: 239-268-0
Hill Formula: C₇H₁₃NO₄S
Formula Weight: 207.25 g/mol

HS Code: 2924 19 00
Density: 1.36 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Melting Point: 190 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 640 kg/m³
Solubility: >500 g/l soluble
CBNumber: CB3470952
Molecular Formula: C7H13NO4S
Molecular Weight: 207.25
MDL Number: MFCD00007522
MOL File: 15214-89-8.mol
Melting point: 195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Density: 1.45
Vapor Pressure: Refractive Index: 1.6370 (estimate)
Flash Point: 160 °C
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.

Solubility: >500 g/L soluble
pKa: 1.67±0.50 (Predicted)
Form: Solution
Color: White
Water Solubility: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1946464
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: HNKOEEKIRDEWRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.7 at 20℃ and pH1-7
Surface Tension: 70.5 mN/m at 1 g/L and 20℃
Dissociation Constant: 2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 15214-89-8 (CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 490HQE5KI5

EPA Substance Registry System: 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]- (15214-89-8)
Molecular Weight: 207.24700
Exact Mass: 207.25
EC Number: 925-482-8
UNII: 490HQE5KI5
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5027770
HScode: 2942000000
Characteristics:
PSA: 91.85000
XLogP3: -0.4
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.45
Melting Point: 184-186 °C
Boiling Point: 412ºC
Flash Point: 160ºC

Refractive Index: 1.502
Water Solubility: H2O: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions: 2-8ºC
Molecular Weight: 207.25
XLogP3: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 207.05652907
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907
Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Complexity: 299
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: White crystal powder
Non-volatile matter: ≥98.50%(m/m)
Acid Value: 268-278 mgKOH/g
Melting Point: 180-185℃
Water Content: ≤1.0%(m/m)
Iron Content: ≤0.002%(m/m)
Color (25% aqueous solution), Pt-Co: ≤100
Purity: ≥97.00%(m/m)
Melting Point: ∼195°C (decomposition)
Quantity: 50 g
UN Number: UN2585
Beilstein: 1946464
Formula Weight: 207.25
Percent Purity: 98%
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
Heat sensitive.
Handle under inert gas.
Protect from moisture.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is an abbreviation for 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid.
NAAMPS or NA 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is an abbreviation for Sodium Salt 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid.
NA 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt ’s unique numerical identifier assigned by the chemical abstracts service CAS is 5165-97-9.

CAS: 5165-97-9
MF: C7H14NNaO4S
MW: 231.24
EINECS: 225-948-4

Synonyms
2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt;N-[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(sodiosulfo)ethyl]acrylamide;N-[2-(Sodiooxysulfonyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]acrylamide;Sodium 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate;AcrylaMido-Tertiary Butyl Sulphonic Acid SodiuM Salt 50% solution.;SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE, 50% in water;Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate;2-AcrylaMido-2-Methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodiuM salt solution 50 wt. % in H2O

Some of its synonymous are Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt , 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium, and Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt acts as a commoner when combined with other acrylic monomers like acrylic acid to manufacture polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt improves scrub resistance and dispersant performance of paper coatings and paint emulsions.
The molecular weight of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is 229.23.
The density of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is 1.2055 g/ ml at 25 degree celsius.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is a 50 wt. % solution in water that enables easy handling of the product.
The product is prepared by reacting 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid or 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt with caustic soda solution.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt or NA ATBS don’t easily get vaporized at its low temperature point to form an ignitable mixture in air, so the flash point property is not applicable to it.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt’s convenient storage, packaging, and logistics provide the necessary ease and flexibility in formulations to produce high-performance polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt are delivered in three different grades which include 2403, 2405, and 2407 which are derived from their expected performance characteristics and the polymerization molecular weight.

The most common industrial applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt are in adhesives to improve pressure-sensitive formulation strength, in water treatment to inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale formation, in personal care products for making diapers, in the textile industry as textile sizing agent and a non-woven emulsion binder, in oil fields as a friction reducer, in acrylic fiber to provide dye receptivity and in the construction site to inhibit fluid loss.
A hydrophilic compound such as 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can also be used as a dopant.
For conducting polymers, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt acts as a protonating agent.

In order to conduct the water purification process, polyelectrolyte copolymer gels are utilized; for the formation of polyelectrolyte copolymer gels, Sodium Salt 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid is used; 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can also have potential application in the field of bioengineering and biomedical products.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is a hydrophilic compound that can be used as a dopant and a protonating agent for conducting polymers. It is used in a variety of electronic applications.

Sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is a highly reactive monomer which can add anionic character to polymers.
Exhibits good hydrolytic and thermal stability.
Features polyvalent cation tolerance.
Permits easy formulation of mining flocculants which is stable in complex and harsh conditions.
Provides flexibility in formulation to make stable emulsion polymers.
Convenient in handling.
Reduces grit/coagulum formation in latex polymer.
Used in polymerization where high molecular weight polymers (greater than two million) are desired.
Complies with EINECS, METI, Australian inventory, DSL, Switzerland’s inventory, Korean inventory, Philippines's inventory and Chinese inventory.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is added in the emulsion and acrylic acid, styrene or vinyl acetate reaction, the introduction of reactive emulsifier to prevent the migration of emulsifier.
The low viscosity and remarkable stability of the emulsion can be obtained with only 2-3% of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt.
At the same time no need add ethylene glycol and other additive, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can improve the adhesion of paint film, thermal stability and antistatic ability, improve the water resistance of latex paint and scrubbing resistance.

1. The acrylamide group in 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt will accelerate the polymerization reaction.
2. Two pendant methyl groups and sodium methanesulfonate are combined behind the amino group, Can prevent its hydrolysis and thermal degradation.
3. Sulfonated group can result the monomer show higher hydrophilicity and ionic characteristics at any pH value.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 110℃ at 101.325kPa
Density: .2055 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4220(lit.)
Specific Gravity: 1.206
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H13NO4S.Na.H/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12;;/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12);;
InChIKey: ZXSJYPBSPMLZIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -4.34
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt (5165-97-9)

Uses
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can be used in the formation of polyelectrolyte copolymer gels for potential application in bioengineering, biomedicine and water purification.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can also be used in the fabrication of Schottky diodes, humidity sensors, and lithium ion batteries.
The most common industrial applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt are in adhesives to improve pressure-sensitive formulation strength, in water treatment to inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale formation, in personal care products for making diapers, in the textile industry as textile sizing agent and a non-woven emulsion binder, in oil fields as a friction reducer, in acrylic fiber to provide dye receptivity and in the construction site to inhibit fluid loss.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is widely used in industries, industry daily chemicals and polymer synthesis.
Such as Water treatment agents, Mining, Flocculants, Oil field chemicals, Daily necessities, Medical supplies, Cosmetics, Detergents and cleaning agents, Fabric glues and Finishing agents, Polymer emulsions, Coatings and Adhesives, Paints, Leather tanning and Printing and dyeing Polymers, Non-woven adhesives, Super absorbents, Thickeners and Sealants, etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt has a wide range of uses in water treatment and can also be used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid was a Trademark name by The Lubrizol Corporation.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.

CAS: 15214-89-8
MF: C7H13NO4S
MW: 207.25
EINECS: 239-268-0

Synonyms
1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-;2-ACRYLAMIDE-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULPHONIC ACID
;15214-89-8;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;27119-07-9;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid;AtBS;acryloyldimethyltaurine
;DTXSID5027770;LUBRIZOL AMPS;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid;TBAS-Q;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-;490HQE5KI5;DTXCID207770;tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid;2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid;acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid;acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-;2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-;CAS-15214-89-8;EINECS 239-268-0;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID;UNII-490HQE5KI5;EC 239-268-0;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS);SCHEMBL19490;2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer;CHEMBL1907040;CHEBI:166476;Tox21_201781;Tox21_303523;MFCD00007522;AKOS015898709;CS-W015266;5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt);NCGC00163969-01;NCGC00163969-02;NCGC00257492-01;NCGC00259330-01;2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl;sulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid;2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;A0926;NS00005061;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE;E76045;Q209301;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic;acid, 8CI;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid;J-200043;2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid;82989-71-7;InChI=1/C7H13NO4S/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12

Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
Lubrizol discontinued the production of this monomer in 2017 due to copy-cat production from China and India destroying the profitability of this product.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid has polymerizable vinyl and hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups in the molecule, and can be copolymerized with water-soluble monomers such as acrylonitrile and acrylamide, and water-insoluble monomers such as styrene and vinyl chloride.

The hydrophilic sulfonic acid group is introduced into the polymer to make the fiber, film, etc. have moisture absorption, water permeability and conductivity.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a water-soluble sulfonic acid group with strong anion, which makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid salt resistance, high temperature resistance, dyeing affinity, electrical conductivity, ion exchange and good resistance to divalent cations; The amide group makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid have good hydrolysis stability, acid-alkali resistance and thermal stability; the active double bond makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid have addition polymerization performance and can produce copolymers with a variety of hydrocarbon monomers.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Density: 1.45
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: 1.6370 (estimate)
Fp: 160 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: >500g/l soluble
pka: 1.67±0.50(Predicted)
Form: solution
Color: White
Water Solubility: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1946464
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: HNKOEEKIRDEWRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.7 at 20℃ and pH1-7
Surface tension: 70.5mN/m at 1g/L and 20℃
Dissociation constant: 2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 15214-89-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (15214-89-8)

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a white crystals.
The melting point is 195°C (decomposition).
Soluble in water, the solution is acidic.
Soluble in dimethylformamide, partially soluble in methanol, ethanol, insoluble in acetone. Slightly sour.

Properties
Hydrolytic and thermal stability: The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to AMPS-containing polymers.
Polarity and hydrophilicity: The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.
Solubility: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.

Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation: Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.
The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.

Uses
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is an important monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid's copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.

Acrylic fiber: A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Coating and adhesive: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid's sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives, and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.
Detergents: Enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.

Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.
Medical hydrogel: High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when AMPS is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.
Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.
In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Is used due to 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid's high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.

Oil field applications: Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.
For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, AMPS copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.

Water treatment applications: The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide. When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.
Crop protection: increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.
Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.

Construction applications: Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.
Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.
Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating.

Preparation
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid can be synthesized by one step and two steps.
The one-step method is to react the raw materials acrylonitrile, isobutylene and oleum together.
The two-step method is to sulfonate isobutylene in the presence of a reaction solvent to obtain a sulfonated intermediate, and then react with acrylonitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid.
One-step method is more economical.

Production
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) reduces grit/coagulum formation in latex polymer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is convenient to handle.


CAS Number: 5165-97-9
EC Number: 225-948-4
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S



SYNONYMS:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt, Acrylamido-tert-butylsulfonic acid sodium salt, Acryloyldimethyltaurine sodium salt, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium 2-methyl-2-acryloylamino-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, Sodium AMPS, Sodium N-acryloyl-2,2-dimethyltaurate, Sodium N-acryloyldimethyltaurate, 1-Propanesulfonicacid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, sodium salt (7CI,8CI), 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, monosodium salt (9CI), 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt, AMPS 2403, AMPS 2405, ATBS-NA, Acryloyldimethyltaurine sodium salt, LZ 2405, Lubrizol 2401, Lubrizol2403, Lubrizol 2405, Lubrizol 2405A, Sodium2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, Sodium2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium N-acryloyldimethyltaurate, Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonate sodium salt, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonate, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, sodium salt (1:1), 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, monosodium salt, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, Acryloyldimethyltaurine sodium salt, Lubrizol 2401, Lubrizol 2403, Lubrizol 2403A, Lubrizol 2405, Lubrizol 2405A, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium AMPS, Sodium N-acryloyldimethyltaurate, Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulfonate de sodium, sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulphonate, Natrium-2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propansulfonat, 2-metil-2-[(1-oxoalil)amino]propanosulfonato de sodio, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, PROPYLSULFATE, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-, SODIUM, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt, EINECS 225-948-4, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, 2-Methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, UNII-2T9Q6EKI0G, 112666-19-0, 113996-54-6, 115137-50-3, 1258282-31-3, 129701-88-8, 152634-06-5, 171063-24-4, 192388-82-2, 65829-59-6, 76701-57-0, 86848-82-0, 95243-13-3, 1392119-86-6, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulphonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt 50% solution, Acrylamido-tert-butylsulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonicacid,sodiumsalt, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonicacimonosodiumsalt, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL PROPANE SULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, NaATBS, Sodium AMPS, sodium salt of ATBS, ATBS 2403, NaATBS 2403, 2405, 2407, acrylamido-tert-butylsulfonic acid sodium salt, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, sodium salt (1:1), homopolymer, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, monosodium salt, homopolymer, 1-propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-,monosodiumsalt, 1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-,monosodiumsalt,homopolymer, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt homopolymer, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt polymer, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, monosodium salt, homopolymer, AMPS 2405 homopolymer, Aristoflex Silk, Cosmedia HSP 1180, Cosmedia Polymer HSP 1180, Dopamine hydrochloride-sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate copolymer, Lubrizol 2420, MP 6123, POLY(2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID), SODIUM SALT, Poly(sodium 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate), Poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate), Poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate), Poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate), Poly(sodium 2-acryloylamino-2-methylpropylsulfonate), Polyacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, Rheocare HSP 1180, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate homopolymer, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate homopolymer, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate polymer, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate homopolymer, Sodium2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate,homopolymer, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulfonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt 50 percent solution



2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is a highly reactive monomer that can add anionic character to polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) exhibits good hydrolytic and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) features polyvalent cation tolerance.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) permits easy formulation of mining flocculants which is stable in complex and harsh conditions.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) provides flexibility in formulation to make stable emulsion polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) reduces grit/coagulum formation in latex polymer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is a highly reactive, highly hydrophilic functional polymerized monomer, and also a kind of polymerizable surfactant.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is the sodium of AMPS, which is short for 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid, it is also called ATBS


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is an important monomer, widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dyeing, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formula structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) was added to the emulsion reaction and acrylic acid.
The low viscosity and outstanding stability of the emulsion can be obtained from only 2-3 percent of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt).


At the same time, there is no need to add ethylene glycol and other additives.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can improve the adhesion of the paint film.
Thermal stability and anti-static ability Improve the water resistance of latex paint and abrasion resistance.


The acrylamide group in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) catalyzes the polymerization reaction.
Two pendant methyl groups and sodium methanesulfonate combined behind the amino group can prevent hydrolysis and thermal degradation.
Sulfonate groups can cause monomers to exhibit higher hydrophilicity and ionic properties at any pH value.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is widely used in industry.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used daily chemicals in industry and polymer synthesis such as water treatment solutions, mining, coagulants, chemicals in oil fields. D


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used dily necessities, medical supplies, cosmetics, detergents and cleaning agents.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used fabric glue and finishing agents Polymer emulsion Coatings and adhesives, paints, tanning and printing and dyeing polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used non-woven glue-special absorbent viscosity enhancers and sealants, etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has a wide range of applications in water treatment.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can also be used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has been widely used in water treatment, mining, flocculants, oilfield chemicals, household items, medical supplies, cosmetics, detergents and cleaning agents, fabric glue and finishing agents, paper coating agent, polymer emulsions, paints and adhesives, paints, leather tanning and dyeing polymers, non-woven adhesives, super absorbent agent, thickener, leak-proof and sealing agent.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is also used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used emulsion, waterborne adhesive, and sealant emulsion, waterborne adhesive, and sealant.


Suggested end uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is Water Treatment, Personal Care & Cosmetics, Mining Flocculants Paints and Coatings, Oil Field Chemicals Photographic Film, Thickeners Paper Processing Polymers, Medical Products Non-woven Binders, Fabric Finishes Textile Printing Polymers, Textile Sizes & Finishes Caulks & Sealants, Super-absorbents Adhesives & Bonding Agents, and Personal Care & Cosmetics.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used Emulsion, waterborne adhesive and sealant emulsion, waterborne adhesive and sealant.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) contains strong anionic, water-soluble sulfur groups, shielded amide groups, and unsaturated double bonds, which make it have excellent comprehensive performance.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has good binding, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolytic stability, and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be used for copolymerization and processing reactions.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be widely used in various fields such as water treatment, oilfield chemistry, chemical fiber, water-absorbing materials, plastics, coatings, papermaking, textiles, printing and dyeing, biomedicine, magnetic materials, and cosmetics.
Sizing of textiles: copolymer of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt), ethyl acetate, and enoic acid, is an ideal sizing of cotton and polyester blended textiles, with easy to use and easy to remove with water specialty.


Industry Applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt): Emulsions for paint and paper coatings, Raw material for water treatment, Adhesives, Hydrogels and super absorbents, Textile auxiliaries, Detergents and cleaners, Acrylic fiber, Construction chemicals, and Polymers to enhance oil recovery.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used as a dopant and a protonating agent for conducting polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used in a variety of electronic applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is widely used in industries, industry daily chemicals and polymer synthesis.


Such as Water treatment agents, Mining, Flocculants, Oil field chemicals, Daily necessities, Medical supplies, Cosmetics, Detergents and cleaning agents, Fabric glues and Finishing agents, Polymer emulsions, Coatings and Adhesives, Paints, Leather tanning and Printing and dyeing Polymers, Non-woven adhesives, Super absorbents, Thickeners and Sealants, etc.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has a wide range of uses in water treatment and can also be used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be widely used in the fields of oil chemistry, water-treatment, synthetic fiber, dyeing, plastic, absorbent.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used coating, paper-making, biomedicine, magnetic material and cosmetics etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used in polymerization where low molecular weight polymers (less than two million) are desired.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is widely used in emulsions, waterborne adhesives, and sealants.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used styrene or vinyl acetate reaction.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used introduction of reactive emulsifiers to prevent migration of emulsifiers.


-Water treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt):
Homopolymer of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) monomer or copolymer with monomers such as acrylamide, acrylic acid, etc.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be used as sludge dewatering agent in the sewage purification process, used as iron, zinc, aluminum, copper in closed water circulation system And anti-corrosion agent of alloy.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can also be used as descaling agent and scale inhibitor of the heater, cooling tower, air purifier, and gas purifier.


-Oilfield chemistry uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt):
The application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) in the field of oilfield chemistry has developed rapidly.
The scope of coverage includes oil well cement additives, drilling fluid treatment agents, acidizing fluids, fracturing fluids, completion fluids, and workover fluid additives.


-Synthetic fibers uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is important monomers to improve the comprehensive performance of certain synthetic fibers, especially acrylic fiber or acrylic fiber, the amount of which is 1%-4% of the fiber, which can significantly improve the whiteness and dyeability of the fiber, Antistatic, breathable and flame retardant.


-Papermaking:
The copolymer of2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) and other water-soluble monomers is an indispensable chemical for various paper mills.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be used as a drainage aid and sizing agent.
The strength of paper can also be used as a pigment dispersant for color coatings.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
*Ph:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is strong acid PH of 0.1%(Wt) solution is 2.6.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt)'sodium salt is neutral
*Stability:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is stable under room temperature, but its solution should avoid self-polymerization.
*Polymerization:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can homopolymerization or copolymerization.



FUNCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
People came to this conclusion after extensive research on gels, particles, surface charge densities.
Latex stability and other aspects that occur when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) emulsions are synthesized: Because the polymer has the characteristics of a polymer electrolyte.

Thus adsorbed on the surface of the latex particles and drags the ionization layer, which improves the stability of the latex.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can not only replace carboxylic acid monomers.
But 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can also reduce the use of other surfactants.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has good water resistance and thermal stability.
Products made from these emulsions are soft, flexible, and comfortable to the touch, and the abrasion resistance of the coatings they are made from is also greatly improved.



CHARACTERISTICS OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is added in the emulsion and acrylic acid, styrene or vinyl acetate reaction, the introduction of reactive emulsifier to prevent the migration of emulsifier.
The low viscosity and remarkable stability of the emulsion can be obtained with only 2-3% of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) .

At the same time no need add ethylene glycol and other additive, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can improve the adhesion of paint film, thermal stability and antistatic ability, improve the water resistance of latex paint and scrubbing resistance.

1. The acrylamide group in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) will accelerate the polymerization reaction.

2. Two pendant methyl groups and sodium methanesulfonate are combined behind the amino group.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can prevent its hydrolysis and thermal degradation.

3. Sulfonated group can result the monomer show higher hydrophilicity and ionic characteristics at any pH value.



FUNCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
People draw conclusions after detailed research on the gel, particles, surface charge density, latex stability and other aspects produced when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) synthesizes emulsion: Because 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has the characteristics of polymer electrolyte, it adsorbs on the surface of the latex particles and strokes the ionization layer, thereby increasing the stability of the latex.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) not only can replace carboxylic acid monomer but also can reduce the usage of other surfactants.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has good water resistance and thermal stability.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) products made from these emulsions have a smooth, flexible and comfortable touch, and the scrubbing resistance of the coatings made is also significantly improved.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is a polymerizable surfactant with highly reactive, highly hydrophilic functional monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has a polymer electrolyte properties, adsorbed on the latex particles formed on the surface of the ionosphere, thus increasing the stability of latex.

By using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt), it not only can replace the carboxylic acid monomer (e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc.), but also reduce other use of surfactants to make acrylic, vinyl acetate-acrylate and styrene-acrylic emulsion system of resistance divalent cations significantly increased mechanical stability, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has good hydrolysis resistance and thermal stability; emulsion made from it are smooth and flexible, comfortable warmth, it has good tolerance for the scrub of coating too.



FEATURES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
*Generally available as 50% solution in water.
*Can also offer higher grades



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
Appearance: Colorless to yellow transparent liquid
Solid content: 50±1%
Refractive Index: 1.40-1.45
pH: 8.0-10.0
Density: 1.18-1.23 g/cm3
Chroma (25% water solution), Co-pt.: ≤ 50
Viscosity (MPa.s): ≥ 10
Name: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt
EINECS: 225-948-4
CAS No.: 5165-97-9
Density: 1.2055
PSA: 94.68000
LogP: 1.08410
Solubility: N/A
Melting Point: N/A
Formula: C7H12NNaO4S

Boiling Point: 110°C at 101.325kPa
CAS No: 5165-97-9
Molecular Formula: C7H13NO4SNa
Molecular Weight: 229.2 g/mol
EINECS No: 225-948-4
Appearance: Clear & water white to pale yellow, 50% aqueous salt solution
Density: 1.1 g/cm3 (15.6°C)
Freezing Point: -25°C
Boiling Point: 110°C
Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H13NO4S.Na/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12;/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key: FWFUWXVFYKCSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES: [Na].O=C(C=C)NC(C)(C)CS(=O)(=O)O
Form: Liquid
Functions: Comonomer
Usage/Application: Industrial

Solubility: Soluble in Water
Shelf Life: 1 year from the date of manufacturing
Molar Mass: 229 g/mol
CAS No: 5165-97-9
Molecular Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3Na
Molecular Weight: 544.80698 g/mol
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
Exact Mass: 229.03847332
Monoisotopic Mass: 229.03847332
Complexity: 304
Rotatable Bond Count: 4

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.7
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Density: 1.2055
InChI Key: FWFUWXVFYKCSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H13NO4S.Na/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12;/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
Canonical SMILES: CC(C)(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)C=C.[Na+]



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
Heat sensitive.
Handle under inert gas.
Protect from moisture.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available