Detergents, Cosmetics, Disinfectants, Pharma Chemicals

2,2 dibromo 3 nitropropionamid (DBNPA)
2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo Acetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; DBNPA; Dibromocyanoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE; 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE; 2-CYANO-2,2-DIBROMOACETAMIDE; BIOBROM C-103; BIOBROM C-103L; CYANODIBROMOACETAMIDE; DBNPA; DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE; DIBROMOCYANO ACETIC ACID AMIDE; DIBROMONITRILOPROPIONAMIDE; TIMTEC-BB SBB008529; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamid; 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-acetamid; alpha,alpha-dibromo-alpha-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromocyanoacetamide; Dibromo Cyano Acetamide/ 2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide; Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide; 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropion; Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano- CAS NO:10222-01-2
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol
2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol; 2,2,2-Trifluoroethan-1-ol; TFE; trifluoromethyl cas no: 75-89-8
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE (MBTS)
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), also known as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide or 2,2'-benzothiazyl disulphide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a rubber chemical used as a vulcanization accelerant.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.

CAS Number: 120-78-5
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4
Molecular Weight: 332.49
EINECS Number: 204-424-9

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) can be used as accelerator for general rubber.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also used as plasticizer in chloroprene rubbes1.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.

The physiologic effect of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity2.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is industry uses also include fillers, fuels and fuel additives, intermediates, process regulator, propels and blowing agents.
The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and building industries.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is usage includes tires, hoses, rubber mats, tarpaulins, unveiled silk goods, wires, cables, and other ‘non-food’ use of rubber products.

Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen as labeled by US Food and Drug Administration and can cause an allergic contact dermatitis.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is physiologic effect is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a useful compound in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) was marketed to the rubber industry under the tradename Altax(TM) by the R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. and was originally developed for safe processing of rubber compounds cured at above 142° C.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is widely used in compounds of all types for many major commercial applications.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be carcinogenic for human.
The mortality and cancer morbidity experience of a cohort of 363 male production workers exposed to MBT while employed at a chemical factory in north Wales showed a significant excess mortality for cancers of the large intestine.

These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).

Technically 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is part of the human exposome.
The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.
An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is approved for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to achieve synergistic effects.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly paired with primary accelerators like sulfenamides or thiurams to enhance the efficiency of the vulcanization process.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is primarily known for its role in the rubber industry, it has also found applications in other areas.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is sometimes used as a fungicide and biocide in agriculture and as a reagent in organic synthesis.

Regulations regarding the use, handling, and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may vary by region.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)'s important for industries and individuals working with MBTS to be aware of and comply with relevant safety and environmental regulations.
In some cases, alternative accelerators may be used instead of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), depending on specific requirements and considerations.

The choice of accelerator can impact the processing characteristics and properties of the final rubber product.
As with any chemical, it is important to consider the environmental impact of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
Efforts are often made to minimize the release of chemicals into the environment and to explore environmentally friendly alternatives in the manufacturing processes.

Ongoing research and development efforts in the field of rubber chemistry aim to improve the efficiency of vulcanization processes and reduce the environmental impact of rubber production.
This includes exploring new accelerators and formulations that provide enhanced performance with fewer environmental concerns.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) undergoes reactions during the vulcanization process.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) linkage in MBTS can break, leading to the formation of reactive sulfur species.
These reactive sulfur species participate in cross-linking reactions with polymer chains, contributing to the formation of a network structure in vulcanized rubber.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is compatible with a variety of rubber polymers, including natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butyl rubber (IIR), and others.

The choice of accelerator can influence the properties of the final rubber product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is known for its relatively moderate vulcanization rate.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to control the vulcanization process and achieve the desired balance of processing time and properties in the finished rubber product.

Like many chemical compounds, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and incompatible substances.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is essential to follow proper storage guidelines to maintain its stability and effectiveness.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is produced on a commercial scale, and there is global trade in this chemical.

Different manufacturers may produce MBTS, and it may be available under various brand names.
Ongoing research in the field of rubber additives and accelerators includes the development of novel compounds with improved performance, reduced toxicity, and enhanced environmental sustainability.
Researchers explore ways to optimize vulcanization processes and improve the overall efficiency of rubber manufacturing.

Individuals working with 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be aware of safety guidelines, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to occupational exposure limits.
Safety data sheets (SDS) provided by manufacturers contain important information regarding the safe handling, storage, and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is classified as a thiazole accelerator and is widely used in the rubber industry to accelerate the vulcanization of rubber compounds.

Vulcanization is a crucial process that imparts desirable properties such as strength, elasticity, and heat resistance to rubber products.
The optimal dosage of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) in rubber formulations depends on various factors, including the type of rubber, the presence of other accelerators or additives, and the desired properties of the final product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) formulations are carefully designed to meet specific performance requirements.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) influences the cure characteristics of rubber compounds.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) affects parameters such as scorch time, cure time, and cure rate, which are critical in determining the processing window during manufacturing.

The vulcanization mechanism involves the cleavage of the sulfur-sulfur (S-S) bonds in 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), generating reactive sulfur species.
These reactive species form cross-links between polymer chains, transforming the rubber from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting material.

Melting point: 177-180 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 532.5±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.5
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5700 (estimate)
Flash point: 271°C
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 0.01g/l
form: powder to crystal
pka: -0.58±0.10(Predicted)
color: Cream to pale-yellow powder
Odor: gray-wh. to cream powd. or pellets, sl. odor
Water Solubility: Merck: 14,3370
InChIKey: AFZSMODLJJCVPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4.5 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference 120-78-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2,2'-DITHIOBIS(BENZOTHIAZOLE)
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105; 177.2600
EWG's Food Scores: 2-3

An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) of the mercaptobenzothiazole group is used as a vulcanization accelerant.

The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and the building industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a non-staining, primary thiazole accelerator for use in natural and synthetic rubbers.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is very active at temperatures above 280°F.

Activation requires the addition of zinc oxide, a fatty acid and sulfur for cure development.
Secondary accelerators used in conjunction with 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) such as aldehyde amines, dithiocarbamates, guanidines, and thiurams will increase cure rates.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also used as a retarder in polychloroprene cure systems, as well as a retarder for peroxide cures.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and BBTS are often employed in tire vulcanization cure systems.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly used as an accelerator in the rubber industry, particularly in the production of tires.

Accelerators are substances that, when added to rubber, increase the speed of vulcanization and improve the properties of the final product.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) facilitates the formation of sulfur cross-links between polymer chains in the rubber.
This cross-linking creates a three-dimensional network within the rubber matrix, imparting desirable properties such as increased strength, elasticity, and resistance to heat and aging.

The rubber industry relies on various accelerators, and 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to achieve specific performance characteristics in the final rubber product.
The choice of accelerator depends on factors such as the type of rubber being used, the desired properties of the finished product, and the processing conditions.
As with any chemical substance, safety precautions should be taken when handling 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).

This includes the use of personal protective equipment, proper ventilation, and adherence to recommended exposure limits.
The handling and disposal of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) should be in accordance with relevant regulations and guidelines to minimize potential health and environmental risks.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) during rubber vulcanization enhances various physical properties of the final product, including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and resistance to abrasion and aging.

While 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) offers many benefits in rubber processing, there can be challenges associated with its use, such as the possibility of over-vulcanization, which may lead to reduced flexibility.
Balancing the concentration of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and other additives is crucial to achieving the desired performance characteristics.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) need to be aware of and comply with regulations related to its production, handling, and disposal.
Regulatory standards may vary by country, and 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)'s essential to follow industry best practices to ensure safety and environmental responsibility.

Uses:
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has the potential to combat HPV, acting as a zinc-ejecting inhibitor.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) also can act as radical polymerization photo-initiators or co-initiators.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, nitrile-butadiene, butyl and styrene-butadiene rubber; a retarder for chloroprene rubber.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as rubber accelerator, polychloroprene plasticizer/retarder, and neoprene retarder; Also used for general mechanicals and white stocks.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used as cure modifier for neoprene type W and as oxidation cure activator in butyl; Used for extruded and molded products, tires, tubes, wire, cable, and sponge; [Hawley] Workers may be exposed in metals, home, health, laboratory, and building industries.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers.

Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)). This substance can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators. This substance can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is primarily used as a rubber vulcanization accelerator in the production of tires and other rubber products.
The vulcanization process is essential for transforming raw rubber into a more durable and elastic material, suitable for various applications.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is a crucial component in rubber vulcanization.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of polymer chains in the rubber matrix, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network.
This network structure enhances the mechanical properties of rubber, including strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear and aging.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is commonly employed in the production of tires.

The vulcanization process, facilitated by 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), is essential for transforming raw rubber into a durable and resilient material suitable for use in vehicle tires.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the manufacturing of various rubber products, including hoses, belts, seals, gaskets, and other molded rubber items.
The improved properties obtained through vulcanization contribute to the longevity and performance of these products.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) has been used as a biocide and fungicide in agriculture.
However, its primary and more significant application remains in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may find applications in organic synthesis for the preparation of certain organic compounds.

However, this is a less common use compared to its role in the rubber industry.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator used in the processing process for natural and synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is also a known allergen and dermatological sensitizer.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products.
Other release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

In the context of rubber recycling, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) and other accelerators used in the original rubber formulation can affect the reprocessing of rubber materials.
The presence of these additives may influence the properties of recycled rubber products.
Ongoing research focuses on developing sustainable alternatives to traditional rubber accelerators, including 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS).

This involves exploring eco-friendly options that maintain or enhance performance while reducing environmental impact.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) plays a role in quality control in rubber manufacturing.
Monitoring and adjusting the concentration of accelerators, including 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), is critical to ensuring consistent product quality and performance.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be incorporated into rubber composite materials, where rubber is combined with other materials to create composites with specific properties.
This can be relevant in industries such as automotive, construction, and aerospace.
In research and development within the rubber and polymer industries, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may be utilized as a reference or benchmark accelerator in studies investigating new formulations, curing systems, or alternative accelerators.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS), along with other accelerators, may be used in the production of rubber soles for shoes.
Vulcanization improves the durability and wear resistance of the rubber, making it suitable for use in footwear.
In some adhesive formulations, particularly those involving rubber bonding, 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) might be employed to modify curing characteristics and enhance the performance of the adhesive.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may find applications in the textile industry, particularly in the production of rubberized fabrics and materials where vulcanization is required for improved strength and resilience.
In certain oil and gas applications, rubber components such as seals and gaskets may be vulcanized using accelerators like 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) usage is subject to regulatory compliance and standards in the industries where it is employed.
Compliance with regulations ensures the safety of workers, consumers, and the environment.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is widely used, industries are constantly exploring alternative accelerators and formulations to meet specific requirements, improve processing efficiency, and address environmental concerns.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.

Release to the environment of 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid, formulation in materials and as processing aid.
The vulcanization process involving 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is known for providing rubber products with good temperature stability.
This is essential for applications where the material will be exposed to varying temperatures or extreme conditions.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS)s that require enhanced vibration damping properties, such as mounts and isolators in automotive applications, can benefit from the use of MBTS in the vulcanization process.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is often included in tire tread compounds to improve wear resistance and traction.
The vulcanization process strengthens the rubber, making it suitable for the demanding conditions experienced by vehicle tires.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) adhere to industry standards and specifications to ensure the compatibility and performance of rubber products.
Standards may vary, and compliance with these standards is crucial for product reliability and safety.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is part of the global supply chain for rubber additives, and its availability can be influenced by factors such as raw material sourcing, manufacturing processes, and market demand.

Safety Profile:
Poison by intravenous andintraperitoneal routes.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) slightly toxic by ingestion.Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenicdata.

When heated todecomposition 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) emits ver.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact.
Direct skin contact or exposure to airborne particles can lead to irritation, redness, or discomfort.

2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling MBTS.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) dust or vapors may cause respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be provided in areas where MBTS is used, and respiratory protection should be employed if necessary.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to MBTS may result in sensitization, where an individual becomes allergic to the substance.
Sensitization can lead to skin allergies, respiratory issues, or other allergic reactions upon subsequent exposures.
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) is generally considered to have low acute toxicity, exposure to high concentrations or large amounts may have adverse effects.

Synonyms:
120-78-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole
Thiofide
Dibenzothiazyl disulfide
Benzothiazyl disulfide
Altax
Benzothiazole disulfide
MBTS
Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM
Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide
Pneumax DM
Vulcafor MBTS
Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide
Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE
Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide
Ekagom GS
Accel TM
2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM/C
1,2-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
Royal MBTS
Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-
Dibenzthiazyl disulfide
MBTS rubber accelerator
dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
Vulkacit dm/mgc
2,2'-Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
2-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2,2'-Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
BTS-SBT
Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide
2,2-dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole
Naugex MBT
Benzothiazole, dithiobis-
USAF CY-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(1,3-benzothiazole)
USAF EK-5432
CHEBI:53239
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu
Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
di(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
2,2'-Dithiobis-benzothiazole
2,2'-Dithiobis[benzothiazole]
NSC-2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazoyl disulfide
DTXSID1020146
BI-87F4
6OK753033Z
NCGC00091238-02
DTXCID70146
Caswell No. 408A
NSC 2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyldisulfide
CAS-120-78-5
Benzthiazole disulfide
CCRIS 4637
HSDB 1137
Di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu [Polish]
EINECS 204-424-9
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009202
BRN 0285796
Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
AI3-07662
2,2'-Dithio(bis)benzothiazole
Sanceler DM
UNII-6OK753033Z
Perkacit MBTS
DBTD
dibenzothiazyl disulphide
Dibenzothiazole disulfide
dibenzo thiazyl disulfide
NSC2
Epitope ID:138947
Mercaptobenzothiazolyl ether
2,2'-dithiobisbenzthiazole
EC 204-424-9
Benzothiazole,2'-dithiobis-
Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
SCHEMBL23527
4-27-00-01862 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
2,2'-Dithio-bis-benzothiazole
2,2?-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
CHEMBL508112
di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
bis(benzothiazole-2-yl)disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
Di-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-disulfide
Bis(benzothiazole-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Tox21_111106
BDBM50444458
MFCD00022874
MBTS (2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole)
AKOS001022311
BIS(2-BENZOTHIAZYL) DISULPHIDE
Tox21_111106_1
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULFIDE
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 99%
AM91095
CS-W009852
DB14201
NSC-677459
1,2-di(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [VANDF]
NCGC00091238-01
NCGC00091238-03
2,2'-DITHIOBISBENZOTHIAZOLE [MI]
AC-11588
LS-14263
WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSS-CT56 BN DSJ
D0538
FT-0609300
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [HSDB]
D77699
EN300-7399114
SR-01000944767
2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yldithio)-1,3-benzothiazole
Q2795423
SR-01000944767-1
W-200947
Z56754489
F0900-0449
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole #
2,2-DIBROMO- 2-CYANOACETAMIDE (DBNPA)
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is available commercially as a 20% active solution in a water/polyethylene glycol blend.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) as a preservative enhancer; efficacy of DBNPA; and methods of addition of DBNPA to water-based systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
A discussion on the use of a non-oxidizing, fast-acting antimicrobial agent with a short chemical half-life, in various aspects of metalworking-fluid production and utilization, presented at the 59th STLE Annual

Meeting (Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5/17-20/2004), covers lubricant degradation/stability-microbial; indirect food-contact approvals for DBNPA; decomposition pathways; microbiology.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), is a chemical compound used as a biocide or antimicrobial agent.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications, including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, oil and gas extraction, and various other water-based systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) works by releasing bromine when it comes into contact with water, and bromine is known for its biocidal properties.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) works just like the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has been documented as a useful antimicrobial agent in a number of industrial applications, due to its rapid rate of kill at relatively low use-concentrations, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, chemical nonpersistence, and low environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is white crystals.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA).

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.
The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.

Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.
The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.

This mode of action makes 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.
This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.
This quick action is particularly advantageous in systems where prompt biocidal activity is crucial.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) typically leaves low or no residual in treated water systems, which means that its effects are relatively short-lived.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc.
The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.
The solid 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is an efficient germicide for the recycling water system.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery
operations.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.

Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in specific industries and regions.
Compliance with regulations regarding water quality, discharge, and environmental impact is essential.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and solid forms.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used for microbial control, its environmental impact should be considered.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/or pellet form.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.

This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.
The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.

The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent biogrowth/biofouling.

One option is the chemical, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy may be influenced by the specific chemistry of the water being treated.
Factors such as water hardness, alkalinity, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the biocidal performance.

Conducting water quality analyses can help optimize 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) usage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) itself is known for its low persistence in the environment, the breakdown products resulting from its degradation should be considered.
Understanding the biodegradability of these by-products contributes to assessing the overall environmental impact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should be aware of potential health hazards associated with exposure.
To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) concentration in the feed water.
Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.

Only very limited information on the suitability of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.
Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with Dbnpa 20% (2,2-

Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.

The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.

Efforts should be made to minimize discharges of biocidal residues into natural water systems, and users should adhere to environmental regulations.
Regulatory requirements for 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can vary by region and industry.
Users should be aware of and comply with relevant regulations, including those related to water quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection.

In some cases, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other biocides or antimicrobial agents to enhance efficacy or broaden the spectrum of activity.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.

The choice of biocide or combination of biocides depends on the specific application and microbial challenges.
Regular monitoring and testing of water systems treated with 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) are essential to ensure that the desired level of microbial control is maintained.
This may involve microbial counts, water quality analysis, and other relevant tests.

Preparing chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dialkyl amino acrolein, amino-acetal, and methyl cyanoacetate as starting material.
Cyanoacetamide is first made and then you get the 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide by Cyanoacetamide bromination.
The synthesis method of chloroacetic acid as starting material: chloroacetic acid neutralizes sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloroacetate.

Then sodium chloroacetate reacts with sodium cyanide in a butanol solution to produce sodium of cyanoacetic acid.
The concentration of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in a formulation can vary, and it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper dosing to achieve effective microbial control without overdosing.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, some microorganisms may develop resistance over time.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.
Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) in a specific application is important for optimal performance.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.
Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important.

Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.
Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.

Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.
Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other athogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) was compared to the other three biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment.
At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

Compatibility testing can help prevent any undesirable interactions that might lead to corrosion or degradation of materials.
In some systems, there may be the potential for the regeneration of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), especially if it degrades or reacts with other components.
Monitoring and adjusting dosages based on water quality conditions can help maintain effective microbial control.

Effluent from industrial processes treated with 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may contain residues of the biocide.
Understanding the downstream effects on receiving waters and ecosystems is important to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.

This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.
Users should consider the compatibility of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.
Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.

Understanding the persistence of 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.

However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.
Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).

Prior to introducing 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) into a water system, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted.
This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.

Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.
The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.
Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

Uses:
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in formulating biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.

In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.
In the leather industry, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA), in specific concentrations and formulations, may find use as a laboratory reagent for certain applications.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed to prevent microbial contamination in metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations to cool and lubricate metal surfaces.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be applied in membrane bioreactors to control microbial growth and fouling on membranes used in wastewater treatment.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.
As the biocides in broad-spectrum, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to
eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.
This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.
Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.
In the production of fuel ethanol, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications to control microbial growth in cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, and oil and gas extraction processes.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used to control bacteria and other microorganisms in oil and gas production systems, including pipelines and storage tanks.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.
As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal
REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.

At the same time, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is branches can selectively brominate or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, resulting in microbial death.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be arbitrarily soluble, low toxicity.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a biocide, particularly in water treatment applications.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used in water treatment process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial
circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can also be used as a slime control agent.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.
As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product integrity.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied to irrigation water in agricultural settings to control microbial growth, ensuring that the water used for irrigation is free from harmful microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.

In healthcare settings, 2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is applied in the pulp and paper industry to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the water used during the papermaking process.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in metalworking fluids to prevent bacterial and fungal growth, thereby extending the life of these fluids.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is employed in some formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in adhesives and sealants to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be used in hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of the fluid.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) may be used to prevent microbial growth in water-based systems used in textile processing.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.

Safety Profile:
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Contact with the skin or eyes may cause redness, irritation, and discomfort.
As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.

The appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer should be consulted for specific information on handling, storage, and emergency measures.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) can be corrosive to metals and may cause damage to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.

2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) a severe skin and eye irritant.
2,2-dibromo- 2-cyanoacetamide (DBNPA) is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to DBNPA may lead to sensitization, where individuals may develop an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure.


2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is a colorless to yellow liquid with a moldy pungent odor.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.
2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.

CAS: 10222-01-2
MF: C3H2Br2N2O
MW: 241.87
EINECS: 233-539-7

Synonyms
2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.

2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is a fast acting, non-oxidising biocide formulation with a broad spectrum of activity.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide has been developed to control planktonic and sessile micro-organisms which form as biofilms in systems and their pre-treatment systems.
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is compatible with system components and can be used with other water treatment products as part of a routine treatment and maintenance programme.

2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide Chemical Properties
Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
Refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
Storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
Solubility: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
Form: powder to crystal
Pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
Color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820
CAS DataBase Reference: 10222-01-2(CAS DataBase Reference)

Benefits
Used as a preservative of aqueous and water miscible products
Highly efficient
Quick-kill biocides
Rapidly degrading in the environment
Good compatible with other biocides and raw materials
Very cost effective
Effective against Legionella

Uses
Water Treatment:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is employed in water treatment processes to control the growth of bacteria, algae, and fungi in industrial water systems, cooling towers, and water treatment plants.
Cooling Water Systems:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used as a biocide in cooling water systems to prevent microbial fouling, including the growth of algae and bacteria that can lead to corrosion and reduced heat transfer efficiency.
Leather Processing:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is utilized in the leather industry as a preservative to inhibit the growth of microorganisms on raw hides and skins during processing and storage.
Paints and Coatings:
In the paint and coating industry, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is added to formulations to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage, ensuring the stability and quality of the final products.
Oilfield Applications:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide finds application in oilfield operations to control microbial growth in drilling fluids, injection water, and other systems associated with oil and gas production.
Paper and Pulp Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is used in the paper and pulp industry to prevent microbiological growth in the papermaking process and on paper products.
Adhesives and Sealants:
In adhesive and sealant formulations, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide serves as a preservative to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of the products by preventing microbial contamination.
Metalworking Fluids:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide is employed in metalworking fluids to control microbial growth and prevent the deterioration of these fluids during use.
Textile Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide may be used in the textile industry to protect textiles and fabrics from microbial degradation during processing and storage.
Plastics Industry:
2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide can be incorporated into plastics formulations to prevent microbial growth on plastic surfaces and maintain the integrity of plastic products.

Chemical Synthesis:
2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide is typically synthesized through chemical processes involving the bromination of cyanoacetamide.

Synthesis Steps:

Starting Material - Cyanoacetamide:
Cyanoacetamide (H₂NC(O)CH₂CN) serves as the starting material. This compound contains a cyano (CN) and an amide (C(O)NH₂) functional group.
Bromination Reaction:
The bromination process involves introducing bromine (Br₂) into the reaction mixture. The bromine reacts with cyanoacetamide to substitute hydrogen atoms, leading to the formation of bromine-substituted cyanoacetamide.
The bromination may occur selectively at specific positions, depending on the reaction conditions and the specific reagents used.
The chemical equation for the bromination reaction is represented as follows:
H₂NC(O)CH₂CN+Br₂→2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide+By-products
H₂NC(O)CH₂CN+Br₂→2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide+By-products

Isolation and Purification:
The reaction mixture is then processed to isolate the desired product, 2,2-Dibromo-2-Cyanoacetamide, from impurities and by-products.
Techniques such as filtration, crystallization, or chromatography may be employed to purify the compound.
Product Characterization:
The synthesized compound is characterized using analytical techniques such as spectroscopy (e.g., NMR - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, IR - Infrared Spectroscopy) and mass spectrometry to confirm its structure and purity.
2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA)
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a water-soluble compound with a high solubility in water and other organic solvents.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), is a chemical compound used as a biocide or antimicrobial agent.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is crystals are monoclinic and belong to the space group P21/n.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

Synonyms: 2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Dbnpa, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, FT-0612090, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has been shown to have antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications, including cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, oil and gas extraction, and various other water-based systems.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is not toxic to animals and humans, although it may cause skin irritation or eye damage.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-kill biocide which will hydrolyzes very easily under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is warmly welcomed because of for its instability property in water.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) will kill bacterial and then quickly degrades to form a number of chemicals.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) works just like the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in many areas. For example, it found its application in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also applied as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C3H2Br2N2O.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly known as DBNPA, which stands for 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-N,N-dimethylacetamide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used as an additive in wastewater treatment to reduce the concentration of organic matter by inhibiting the growth of bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) also has been shown to be effective as a biocide for disinfecting medical equipment or surfaces.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) Water Treatment Microbiocide is a formulation containing 20% active ingredient, DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Cas Reg. No. 10222-01-2).

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has applications in water treatment, paper manufacturing, textiles, and personal care products.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) exhibits antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and algae.
Safety precautions should be followed when handling this chemical, including the use of gloves and protective eyewear.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has low solubility in water and is considered to have low toxicity levels.
However, proper disposal methods should be followed to minimize environmental impact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is white crystals.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is soluble in acetone, polyethyleneglycol, benzene, ethanol, etc.
The 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solubility is soluble in common organic solvents and slightly soluble in water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide is stable in acidic conditions and decomposed in alkaline conditions or the presence of hydrogen sulfide.

The solid 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is an efficient germicide for the recycling water system.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can penetrate the cytocyst of microbes quickly and kill them by reacting with some proteins in it, stopping the redox of cells.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) solid biocide has a good stripping property, little poison, and no foam in the system.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) water treatment microbiocide is an aqueous formulation containing a 20% w/w concentration of DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum biocide offering rapid control of bacteria, fungi, yeast and algae.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidizing and highly effective biocide with proven performance in the past 5 decades.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA).

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a white to off-white crystalline powder.
Melting point 125℃, soluble in ordinary organic solvents (such as Acetone, Benzene, Dimethylformamide, Ethanol,Polyethylene glycol, etc.).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is aqueous solution is stable under acidic condition, and easy to hydrolyze under alkaline condition.

The dissolution rate can be greatly accelerated by increasing pH value, heating, UV light or fluorescence irradiation.
Easy to be reduced agent, such as Hydrogen sulfide de-bromine into non-toxic Cyanoacetate amine, so that the sterilization rate is greatly reduced.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts as a biocide by releasing bromine in water.

The bromine interferes with the enzymes and proteins in microorganisms, disrupting their cellular functions and leading to their destruction.
This mode of action makes 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) effective against a wide range of microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is known for its broad-spectrum activity, making it effective against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and algae.

This versatility contributes to its use in various industrial and water treatment applications.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is recognized for its fast-acting properties, providing rapid microbial control.
This quick action is particularly advantageous in systems where prompt biocidal activity is crucial.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) typically leaves low or no residual in treated water systems, which means that its effects are relatively short-lived.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) exhibits stability over a range of temperatures, allowing for effective microbial control in both warm and cold water systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment processes, such as cooling water systems in power plants and manufacturing facilities.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in preventing biofouling makes it valuable for maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including drilling fluids and enhanced oil recovery operations.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is generally compatible with other water treatment chemicals, allowing for integration into comprehensive water treatment programs.
Users should be aware of regulatory requirements associated with the use of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in specific industries and regions.
Compliance with regulations regarding water quality, discharge, and environmental impact is essential.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is available in various formulations, including liquid concentrates and solid forms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used for microbial control, its environmental impact should be considered.
Efforts should be made to minimize discharges of biocidal residues into natural water systems, and users should adhere to environmental regulations.

Regulatory requirements for 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can vary by region and industry.
Users should be aware of and comply with relevant regulations, including those related to water quality, occupational health and safety, and environmental protection.
In some cases, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other biocides or antimicrobial agents to enhance efficacy or broaden the spectrum of activity.

The choice of biocide or combination of biocides depends on the specific application and microbial challenges.
Regular monitoring and testing of water systems treated with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) are essential to ensure that the desired level of microbial control is maintained.
This may involve microbial counts, water quality analysis, and other relevant tests.

Preparing chloroacetic acid, cyanoacetic acid, dialkyl amino acrolein, amino-acetal, and methyl cyanoacetate as starting material.
Cyanoacetamide is first made and then you get the 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide by Cyanoacetamide bromination.
The synthesis method of chloroacetic acid as starting material: chloroacetic acid neutralizes sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloroacetate.

Then sodium chloroacetate reacts with sodium cyanide in a butanol solution to produce sodium of cyanoacetic acid.
The concentration of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a formulation can vary, and it is essential to follow the manufacturer's recommendations for proper dosing to achieve effective microbial control without overdosing.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, some microorganisms may develop resistance over time.

Rotating or combining biocides with different modes of action is a common strategy to minimize the risk of resistance development.
The effectiveness of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be influenced by the pH of the water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is generally effective in a wide pH range, but the optimal pH conditions for its biocidal activity may depend on the specific formulation.

Like many chemicals, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight.
Users should take appropriate precautions during handling, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles.
This can be advantageous in applications where maintaining a low level of residual biocide is desirable.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical compound used as a broad-spectrum biocide and preservative in various industries.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/or pellet form.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is currently popular at home and abroad. Organic bromine fungicides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation
into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.
This degradation pathway makes the use of DBNPA relatively environmentally friendly.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.
The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent biogrowth/biofouling.
One option is the chemical, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy may be influenced by the specific chemistry of the water being treated.
Factors such as water hardness, alkalinity, and the presence of other chemicals can impact the biocidal performance.
Conducting water quality analyses can help optimize 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) usage.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) itself is known for its low persistence in the environment, the breakdown products resulting from its degradation should be considered.
Understanding the biodegradability of these by-products contributes to assessing the overall environmental impact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be aware of potential health hazards associated with exposure.

To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) concentration in the feed water.
Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.

Only very limited information on the suitability of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.
Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.
The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) works by releasing bromine when it comes into contact with water, and bromine is known for its biocidal properties.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is available commercially as a 20% active solution in a water/polyethylene glycol blend.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
A discussion on the use of a non-oxidizing, fast-acting antimicrobial agent with a short chemical half-life, in various aspects of metalworking-fluid production and utilization, presented at the 59th STLE Annual Meeting (Toronto, Ontario, Canada 5/17-20/2004), covers lubricant degradation/stability-microbial; indirect food-contact approvals for DBNPA; decomposition pathways; microbiology.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) as a preservative enhancer; efficacy of DBNPA; and methods of addition of DBNPA to water-based systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.

Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), also known as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), can be synthesized by reacting sodium bromide and cyanoacetamide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, algae, and fungi.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has been documented as a useful antimicrobial agent in a number of industrial applications, due to its rapid rate of kill at relatively low use-concentrations, broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, chemical nonpersistence, and low environmental impact.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubilit: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is moderately toxic to aquatic organisms.
Primary carboxylic acid amides are compounds comprising primary carboxylic acid amide functional group, with the general structure RC(=O)NH2.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide is characterized by a very fast sterilization speed and high efficiency, with a sterilization rate of more than 98% in 5-10 minutes.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is characterized by extremely fast sterilization and high efficiency.
The sterilization rate can reach over 99% in 5~10 minutes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) was compared to the other three biocides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.
Quick kill broad-spectrum microbiocide, fungicide and algaecide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a new type of highly effective bactericidal algaecide and water treatment agent.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has the advantages of high efficiency and broad spectrum, easy to degrade, no residual residue, no pollution to the environment.
At the same time, it also has a multi-effect function such as sterilization and algae killing, descaling and corrosion inhibition, etc. value.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial fungicide used to prevent the growth of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metalworking lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

Compatibility testing can help prevent any undesirable interactions that might lead to corrosion or degradation of materials.
In some systems, there may be the potential for the regeneration of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), especially if it degrades or reacts with other components.
Monitoring and adjusting dosages based on water quality conditions can help maintain effective microbial control.

Effluent from industrial processes treated with 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may contain residues of the biocide.
Understanding the downstream effects on receiving waters and ecosystems is important to ensure compliance with environmental regulations.
Prior to introducing 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) into a water system, a thorough risk assessment should be conducted.

This includes evaluating potential impacts on human health, worker safety, and the environment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should maintain comprehensive records of its application, including dosages, monitoring results, and any adverse effects observed.
Documentation is crucial for regulatory compliance, troubleshooting, and future reference.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can also selectively bromine or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, ultimately leading to microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly employed in the paper and pulp industry for the preservation of process waters, as well as to prevent microbial growth in paper and wood products.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effectiveness in controlling a broad spectrum of microorganisms is particularly valuable in these manufacturing processes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s biocidal performance can be influenced by factors such as temperature, water hardness, and organic content.

Understanding how these factors affect the efficacy of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) in a specific application is important for optimal performance.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s efficacy can be influenced by temperature, and its activity may vary across different temperature ranges.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is important to consider the temperature conditions of the water system when applying DBNPA and adjust dosages accordingly.

Regular monitoring of microbial populations in treated water systems is important.
Monitoring helps assess the effectiveness of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) and allows for adjustments to prevent the development of microbial resistance.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in combination with other water treatment chemicals for synergistic effects.

Synergistic formulations can enhance the overall performance and efficacy, providing a comprehensive solution to microbial control.
Accurate dosage control is critical for optimizing 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s effectiveness and avoiding overdosing or underdosing.
Automated dosing systems can help ensure precise and consistent application.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.
Users should consider the compatibility of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) with materials commonly used in water systems, such as metals and elastomers.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that DBNPA is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

Volatilization of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in water treatment processes, including those involving reverse osmosis systems.

Compatibility with RO membranes and potential impacts on system performance should be assessed.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is known for leaving low residuals, monitoring residual levels in treated water is still important.
Understanding the persistence of 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) residues can guide decisions regarding reapplication and additional treatments.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry for microbial control in various processes, including hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems.
In recirculating cooling water systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can help prevent biofouling and microbial contamination.
However, the effectiveness may be influenced by factors such as water chemistry and system design.

Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam, and its liquid products and water can be dissolved at any ratio.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has a broad spectrum of bactericidal properties. It has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can penetrate microbial cell membrane rapidly and act on certain protein genes, and normal redox of syncytial cells is terminated.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamidecan also selectively brominate or oxidize special enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, leading to cell death.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide has a broad spectrum of performance, and has a good killing effect on bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, biological slime and other pathogenic microorganisms that threaten human health.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has a moderate human oral toxicity, may be a reproduction/developmental toxin and is a recognised irritant.
Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as primary carboxylic acid amides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.

The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids.
Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum non-food biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is highly soluble in water and in some organic solvents such as acetone and ethanol.
There is little information published on its environmental fate.

Uses:
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in wood preservation treatments to prevent the growth of fungi and decay-causing microorganisms in wood products, enhancing their longevity.
In certain formulations of adhesives and sealants, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to inhibit the growth of microbes, maintaining the integrity of the product.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied in air washer systems, such as those used in HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems, to prevent microbial growth and maintain indoor air quality.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain marine antifouling paints to prevent the growth of marine organisms on ship hulls and underwater structures.
In swimming pools and spas, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used as a biocide to control microbial contamination, ensuring the safety and hygiene of the water.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA), in specific concentrations and formulations, may find use as a laboratory reagent for certain applications.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed to prevent microbial contamination in metalworking fluids, which are used in machining and cutting operations to cool and lubricate metal surfaces.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be applied in membrane bioreactors to control microbial growth and fouling on membranes used in wastewater treatment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a biocide, particularly in water treatment applications.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in water treatment process.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency industrial bactericide, used to prevent the growth and reproduction of bacteria and algae in papermaking, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficiency against bio-films and a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungi, and yeasts.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch, and mineral slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum and does not contain or release formaldehyde.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly applied in cooling tower water treatment to prevent microbial growth, biofouling, and corrosion.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps maintain the efficiency of cooling systems by controlling microbiological contamination.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in hydrotesting fluids, which are employed to pressure test pipelines and vessels.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps prevent microbial contamination in the testing process.
In hydraulic systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used to control microbial growth in hydraulic fluids, ensuring the stability and performance of the fluid over time.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may find application in automotive antifreeze and coolant systems to inhibit microbial growth and prevent contamination in the coolant circulating through the engine.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is sometimes used in fire sprinkler systems to prevent microbial contamination in the water that would be released in case of a fire.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied in oil and gas production pipelines to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and inhibit microbial growth that could lead to pipeline degradation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in desalination plants to prevent microbial fouling on membranes and other components in the water treatment process.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in some nuclear power plants to control microbial growth in cooling water systems and prevent biofouling on heat exchange equipment.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may find application in water treatment processes within the food and beverage industry to control microbial contamination in processing water.
In healthcare settings, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in water treatment to control microbial growth in hospital water systems, including cooling towers and distribution systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be applied in cooling systems associated with medical equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the equipment's performance.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into various disinfectant and biocide formulations used for diverse applications, including surface disinfection and antimicrobial treatments.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to prevent microbial growth in air washer systems and cooling coils.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied in various manufacturing processes where water is used as a coolant or processing medium to prevent microbial contamination.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
In geothermal heating and cooling systems, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be utilized to prevent microbial fouling and contamination in the water circulating through the system.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can also be used as a slime control agent.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water system in paper mills.
As a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency biocide, it can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on a certain protein group to stop the normal redox of cells and cause cell death.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) helps control the growth of bacteria, fungi, and algae in water, preventing biofouling and maintaining the efficiency of heat exchange equipment.
In the pulp and paper industry, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed to preserve process waters and prevent microbial contamination in paper and wood products.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used in certain formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and maintain product integrity.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be applied to irrigation water in agricultural settings to control microbial growth, ensuring that the water used for irrigation is free from harmful microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) finds application in the oil and gas industry, including its use in hydraulic fracturing fluids and oilfield water systems, where controlling microbial growth is essential.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in reverse osmosis systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofouling, maintaining the efficiency of the membranes.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is effective in preventing biofouling and microbial contamination in recirculating water systems used in various industrial processes.
As the biocides in broad-spectrum, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) biocide is widely used in industrial circulating water systems, large air-condition, and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganisms and alga and shuck off clay.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used in the process of papermaking to prevent reducing the quality of paper by the generation of microorganisms.

This halogen biocide is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex, and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has the following advantages: easy to handle; no unusual oxidation hazards; similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications; used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as pharmaceutical intermediates bactericidal algae killer industrial sewage treatment agent, this product is a broad spectrum of high efficiency biocide.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has following advantages :Easy to handle .No unusual oxidation hazards.

Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a broad spectrum and efficient industrial fungicide, used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricating oil, pulp, wood, coating and plywood growth and reproduction, and can be used as mud control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

As a broad-spectrum and highly effective biocide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act as a certain protein group to stop the normal REDOX of cells, thus causing cell death.
At the same time, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is branches can selectively brominate or oxidize specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, resulting in microbial death.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be arbitrarily soluble, low toxicity.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is utilized in the textile industry to control microbial contamination in water systems used in textile processing and to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria on textiles.
In the leather industry, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial growth in water systems and prevent the degradation of hides and skins.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be incorporated into cleaning and sanitizing formulations to enhance their efficacy by preventing microbial contamination in the cleaning solutions.

In the production of fuel ethanol, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to control microbial contamination in fermentation processes and storage systems.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is commonly used in industrial water treatment applications to control microbial growth in cooling water systems, pulp and paper mills, and oil and gas extraction processes.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used to control bacteria and other microorganisms in oil and gas production systems, including pipelines and storage tanks.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied in the pulp and paper industry to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the water used during the papermaking process.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in metalworking fluids to prevent bacterial and fungal growth, thereby extending the life of these fluids.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is employed in some formulations of paints and coatings to prevent microbial contamination and spoilage.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a preservative in adhesives and sealants to inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be used in hydraulic fluids to prevent microbial contamination and degradation of the fluid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) may be used to prevent microbial growth in water-based systems used in textile processing.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid product and water can be dissolved in any ratio, low toxicity.
Mainly 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as a non-food biocide within the paper industry and as preservatives for coatings and slurries.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in formulating biocides.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used as preservatives for coatings, slurries and to control microbial fouling in paper mills, oil field and leather process.

Safety Profile:
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Contact with the skin or eyes may cause redness, irritation, and discomfort.
As with any chemical, safety precautions should be taken during handling and use.

The appropriate safety data sheets (SDS) provided by the manufacturer should be consulted for specific information on handling, storage, and emergency measures.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) can be corrosive to metals and may cause damage to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon contact.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is crucial to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and goggles, when handling this chemical.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to DBNPA may lead to sensitization, where individuals may develop an allergic reaction upon subsequent exposure.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) a severe skin and eye irritant.


2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA)
DESCRIPTION:

DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
EC Number: 233-539-7
Preferred IUPAC name: 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide
Molecular Formula : C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.989 g per mol


2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water

2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) offers immediate action to kill bacteria, fungi, and algae for use in industrial hygiene disinfection, rapid decontamination, and clean-up raw materials and fouled solutions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a kind of wide spectrum, high efficiency, industrial germicide that can be used in paint and as an adhesive.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.
The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a white to yellow powder with mild medicinal antiseptic odor.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in paper and pulp industry.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is free from impurities and therefore used in many consumer products like inks, waxes, polishes, detergents etc.

Being broad spectrum biocide, 2,2-Dibromo-3 nitrilopropionamide is also used in industry to control fungi etc.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) should be stored in original container with the lid tightly closed.

DBNPA or 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coatingand slurries.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.


USES OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is a biocide used in a variety of industrial processes to control algae, bacteria, fungi and yeasts. Formulations include tablets and both solid and liquid soluble concentrates.
2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA) is applied through shock/slug, initial, intermittent, maintenance, during manufacture and continuous feed treatments, using metering pumps, drip feed devices and other types of industrial equipment.
A National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit is required for discharges to waterways.


APPLICATIONS OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is widely used as a disinfectant, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper, and mildew inhibitor in the following aspects.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as The circulating cooling water system, oil field water injection system, bactericide, algicide, slime stripper in the paper industry.

2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as Preservatives for paints, waxes, inks, detergents, surfactants, slurries, resins.
2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropionamide is used as Process water, air purifier system in the machinery manufacturing industry, fungicides, and algicides in municipal water landscapes.









SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

PACKAGING AND STORAGE OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
Packed in 25 kg woven bags.
The transportation process prevents exposure and rain.
Store in a ventilated, dry place below 40°C.

Avoid freezing, heating or direct sunlight.
The product shelf life is six months.


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE (DBNPA):
Chemical formula C3H2Br2N2O
Molar mass 241.870 g•mol−1
Appearance White, translucent crystals
Melting point 122 to 125 °C (252 to 257 °F; 395 to 398 K)
Physical state Liquid
Vapor pressure: 25.2 hPa (25℃)
Odor: Mild.
pH: 1.5 to 5
Color: Colorless to Brown
Flash Point: Closed cup: >100°C (>212°F)
Open cup: >=182°C (>=359.6°F) [Cleveland.]
Partition coefficient: noctanol/water
Boiling point : >70 °C (1013 hPa)
Specific gravity (Relative density): 1.25 to 1.3
Appearance White to Creamish crystalline powder.
Assay Not less than 99.0%
PH (1% in water) 4.0 to 7.0
Melting Point Between 125°C to 127°C
Water Content NMT 1.0%



Other names:
Dibromocyano acetic acid amide
2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide



2,2-DIMETHOXYPROPANE
2,2-Dimethoxypropane or acetone dimethyl acetal or DMP is an organic compound and an alkylating reagent.
The chemical formula is C5H12O2 and the molecular formula is (CH3)2C(OCH3)2.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic compound that is produced by the acetylation of propylene glycol.

CAS Number: 77-76-9
EC Number: 201-056-0
Hill Formula: C5H12O2
Molar Mass: 104.15 g/mol

2,2-Dimethoxypropane or acetone dimethyl acetal or DMP is an organic compound and an alkylating reagent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols as acetonides.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is the acetalisation product of acetone and methanol.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is commonly used as a water scavenger in water-sensitive reactions — any available water will react with 2,2-Dimethoxypropane to form acetone and methanol.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane-1,3-diol is a chemical compound with the formula CH3OCH2CO2H.

The phosphate group on this molecule can be cleaved to produce phosphoric acid and methanol.
The ring-opening polymerization reaction of this monomer produces polyesters.

This product has been shown to have lipase activity.
The acetylation of this compound gives rise to a carbonyl group, which can be hydrogenolyzed to produce dihydroxyacetone phosphate.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a colorless transparent liquid with the smell of acetone.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is moderately soluble in water, soluble in benzene, carbon tetrachloride, ethyl ether, n-butane, methanol.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is stable and reactive with oxidizing agents, acids.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic building block commonly employed as a precursor to generate 2-methoxypropene (MPP).
The degradation study of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane in ionic liquids showed the formation of MPP and 2-ethoxypropene (EPP) in an identical ratio due to the tunneling effect.

Conformational analysis of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane based on ab initio calculations and matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has been reported.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane reacts with water to produce methanol and acetone. This reaction has been employed in a method for the quantification of water in natural products by gas-liquid chromatography.
Acidified 2,2-Dimethoxypropane has been employed for the dehydration of biological samples.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane acts as a dehydrating agent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane also serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols, acetonides, isopropylidene derivatives of sugars, nucleosides, methyl esters of amino acids and enol ethers.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)2C(OCH3)2.
A colorless liquid, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is the product of the condensation of acetone and methanol.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a water scavenger in water-sensitive reactions.
Upon acid-catalyzed reaction, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane reacts quantitatively with water to form acetone and methanol.
This property can be used to accurately determine the amount of water in a sample, alternatively to the Karl Fischer method.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is specifically used to prepare acetonides:
RCHOHCHOHCH2 + (MeO)2CMe2 → RCHCHCH2O2CMe2 + 2 MeOH

Dimethoxypropane is an intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.
In histology, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used for the dehydration of animal tissue.

Applications of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane acts as a dehydrating agent.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane also serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols, acetonides, isopropylidene derivatives of sugars, nucleosides, methyl esters of amino acids and enol ethers.

Dehydrating Agent:
In histology, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane is considered to be more efficient than ethanol for the dehydration of animal tissue.
Acidified 2,2-Dimethoxypropane can be used as a dehydrating agent which causes rapid chemical dehydratation of biologic samples for scanning electron microscopy.

Pharma:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is used as a pharmaceutical intermediate, including intermediates for synthesis of vitamin E, vitamin A and various carotenoids such as astaxanthin.

Batteries:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane can be considered as a desirable additive in electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries operating at high temperature, ca. 60 °C.
The results of studies reveal that the cyclic life test and storage performance at high temperature in electrolyte with 2,2-Dimethoxypropane additive was better than that in an electrolyte without additive.

Agrochemicals:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is a value intermediate for the production of insecticides and fungicides.

Analytical Chemistry:
The well known reaction between 2,2-dimethoxypropane and water allows for the conversion of an aqueous into an organic solution ready to be injected directly into a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) system. This method is proposed for the GC-MS analysis of aqueous solutions containing hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons and ethers.

Other uses:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is intermediates of fragrances, perfumes.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is intermediate for the synthesis of 2-methoxypropene.

2,2-Dimethoxypropane is reagent for the preparation of 1,2-diols as acetonides.
2,2-Dimethoxypropane is use of 2,2-dimethoxypropane and 1H-NMR to distinguish and quantify the external and internal sorbed water in coals.

Production Method of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
2,2-dimethoxypropane was synthesized by an indirect method.
The synthesis of 2,2-dimethoxypropane from 2,2 dimethyl -1,3-dioxolane (DMD) from ethylene glycol and acetone was studied.

Using dichloromethane as water-carrying agent and anhydrous ferric sulfate as catalyst, 2,2-Dimethoxypropane was synthesized after DMD was synthesized and exchanged with methanol.
The overall yield of the two-step reaction was 60%.

Safety of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S9 - Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection
S33 - Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
S16 - Keep away from sources of ignition.
S33,37/39 -

Stability of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Stable.
Highly flammable - note low flash point.
Vapour may form an explosive mixture with air.

May form explosive peroxides when exposed to air.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

Identifiers of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
CAS Number: 77-76-9
ChEMBL: ChEMBL3184215
ChemSpider: 21106033
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.961
EC Number: 201-056-0
PubChem CID: 6495
UNII: 66P41R0030
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7026441
InChIInChI=1S/C5H12O2/c1-5(2,6-3)7-4/h1-4H3
Key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC(C)(OC)OC

CAS Number: 77-76-9
Molecular Weight: 104.15
Beilstein: 635678
EC Number: 201-056-0
MDL number: MFCD00008479
PubChem Substance ID: 24893272

CAS number: 77-76-9
EC number: 201-056-0
Hill Formula: C₅H₁₂O₂
Molar Mass: 104.15 g/mol
HS Code: 2911 00 00

CAS: 77-76-9
Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 104.149
MDL Number: MFCD00008479
InChI Key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-NShow Less
PubChem CID: 6495
IUPAC Name: 2,2-dimethoxypropane
SMILES: CC(C)(OC)OC

Properties of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Chemical formula: C5H12O2
Molar mass: 104.15 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 0.85 g/cm3
Melting point: −47 °C (−53 °F; 226 K)
Boiling point: 83 °C (181 °F; 356 K)
Solubility in water: 15 g/L (20 °C)

Grade: reagent grade
Quality Level: 200
Vapor density: 3.59 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 60 mmHg ( 15.8 °C)
Assay: 98%
Form: liquid

Expl. lim.:
31 %, 58 °F
6 %, 27 °F

Refractive index: n20/D 1.378 (lit.)
bp: 83 °C (lit.)
density: 0.847 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: COC(C)(C)OC
InChI: 1S/C5H12O2/c1-5(2,6-3)7-4/h1-4H3
InChI key: HEWZVZIVELJPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Boiling point: 80 °C
Density: 0.85 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 6 - 31 %(V)
Flash point: -10 °C
Melting Point: -47 °C
Vapor pressure: 60 hPa (16 °C)
Solubility: 180 g/l

Purity Limit: ≥ 99% (Gc)
Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molecular Weight: 104.15
Cas No: 77-76-9
Mdl No: mfcd00008479
Appearance: colorless Liquid
Boiling Point: 83 °c
Flash Point: -10 °c
Density: 0.847 G/ml At 25 °c
Refractive Index: n20/d 1.378
Warnings: flammable! Irritant!
Storage Temp: store At 0-8 °c

Molecular Formula: C5H12O2
Molar Mass: 104.15
Density: 0.847 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -47 °C
Boling Point: 83 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 12°F
Water Solubility: 18 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
Solubility: 180g/l
Vapor Presure: 60 mm Hg ( 15.8 °C)
Vapor Density: 3.59 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.852 (20/4℃)
Color: Clear colorless
BRN: 635678
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Explosive Limit: 31%, 58°F
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.378(lit.)

Molecular Weight: 104.15
XLogP3-AA: 0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0:
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 2
Exact Mass: 104.083729621
Monoisotopic Mass: 104.083729621
Topological Polar Surface Area: 18.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Complexity: 44
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
Assay (GC, area%): ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 0.850 - 0.851
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: -47°C
Density: 0.848
Boiling Point: 79°C to 81°C
Flash Point: −11°C (12°F)
Assay Percent Range: 98%
Odor: Sweet
UN Number: UN3271
Beilstein: 635678
Refractive Index: 1.378
Quantity: 100 mL
Solubility Information: Soluble in benzene,carbon tetrachloride,ethyl ether and n-butane,methanol. Moderately soluble in water.
Formula Weight: 104.15
Percent Purity: 98%
Physical Form: Liquid
Chemical Name or Material: 2,2-Dimethoxypropane

Related Products of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
3-(2-N,N-Diethylaminoethylaminocarbonyl)phenylboronic acid, hydrochloride
4-[2-(N,N-Diethylaminoethyl)aminocarbonyl]phenylboronic acid hydrochloride
1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
4-(N,N-Diethylaminomethyl)benzeneboronic acid
3,3-Dimethyl 1-Indanone

Names of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,2-Dimethoxypropane

Other name:
acetone dimethyl acetal

Synonyms of 2,2-Dimethoxypropane:
C.I. 77769
2,2-Dimethoxypropane
2,2-DIMETHOXYPROPANE
Dimolybdenum trioxide
2,2-dimethoxy propane
Dimethoxypropane, 2,2-
Propane,2,2-dimethoxy-
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy-
ACETONE DIMETHYL ACETAL
Acetone dimethyl acetal
Molybdenum oxide (Mo2O3)
2-Methoxy-4-hydroxy-methylpyrimidine
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, (Acetone dimethyl acetal)
2,2-Dimethoxypropan [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2-Dimethoxypropane [ACD/IUPAC Name] [Wiki]
2,2-Diméthoxypropane [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2,2-Dimethyoxypropane
201-056-0 [EINECS]
77-76-9 [RN]
Acetone dimethyl acetal
ACETONE DIMETHYL KETAL
acetone dimethylacetal
Acetone-dimethyl acetal
DMP
MFCD00008479 [MDL number]
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy- [ACD/Index Name]
2,2-DIMETHOXY PROPANE
Acetone dimethyl acetal; DMP
ACETONE, DIMETHYL ACETAL
Acetone, dimethyl acetal (8CI)
STR01454
acetone dimethyl acetal
propane
2,2-dimethoxy
acetone dimethyl ketal
acetone
dimethyl acetal
acetone-dimethyl acetal
2,2-dimethoxy propane
acetone dimethylacetal
2,2-dimethyoxypropane
2,2-dimethoxy-propane
dimethoxypropanShow Less
2,2-DIMETHOXYPROPANE
77-76-9
Acetone dimethyl acetal
Propane, 2,2-dimethoxy-
Acetone dimethyl ketal
Acetone, dimethyl acetal
2,2-dimethoxy-propane
acetone dimethylacetal
2,2-dimethoxy propane
NSC-62085
Acetone-dimethyl acetal
66P41R0030
2,2-Dimethyoxypropane
EINECS 201-056-0
NSC 62085
dimethoxypropan
AI3-26275
dimethoxy propane
UNII-66P41R0030
2,2dimethoxypropane
acetone dimethylketal
2,2-dimethoxypropan
2,2-dimetoxypropane
2 2-dimethoxypropane
2,2 dimethoxypropane
2.2-dimethoxypropane
Propane,2-dimethoxy-
2, 2-dimethoxypropan
2,2 dimethoxy propane
2,2,-dimethoxypropane
2,2-di-methoxypropane
2,2-dimethyloxypropane
2, 2-Dimethoxypropane
2,2-dimethoxyl propane
2,2-bis(methyloxy)propane
EC 201-056-0
SCHEMBL49039
CHEMBL3184215
DTXSID7026441
dimethylformaldehyde dimethylacetal
ZINC402867
NSC62085
STR01454
Tox21_200627
MFCD00008479
AKOS000121900
CAS-77-76-9
NCGC00248770-01
NCGC00258181-01
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, analytical standard
BP-20658
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, reagent grade, 98%
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, for GC derivatization
A0057
FT-0609249
EN300-29553
2,2-Dimethoxypropane, purum, >=96.0% (GC)
J-506803
Q4596749
F0001-1976
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE)
DESCRIPTION:

2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is suitable for water curing systems and is a strong foaming catalyst.
Due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, the storage period of NCO components can be prolonged.

CAS No.:6425-39-4
EC Number, 229-194-7
Chemical Name:2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether
Molecular weight:244.33

SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
DMDEE;Niax« Catalyst DMDEE;4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine
Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine,2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether,2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether,4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine),4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether
4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin;Dimorpholinodiethylether;BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER;BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER;LUPRAGEN(R) N 106;4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE;4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE;2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER



2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI; Sinocat® DMDEE is mainly used In one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
The addition amount accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.


2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.

2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.

APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) catalyst is a good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
When used in moisture-cured systems, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) provides a stable prepolymer with a rapid cure.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) can also be used in flexible polyester-based urethane foams, as well as semiflexible foams and HR molded foams.



USES OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
Its use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.

Its use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE) is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.






CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
Item, Standard
Appearance, Colorless transparent liquid
Chromaticity, <2
Water content, ≤0.1%
Content, ≥99%
Color Amber
Flash point, PMCC, °C (°F) 166 (330)
Freezing point, °C -28
Initial Boiling point, °C 309
pH 10.3
Specific gravity, 20/20°C 1.06
Vapor pressure, mm Hg, 20°C < 1
Viscosity, cSt, 15.5°C (60°F) 29
VOC Content, %, by ASTM D 2369 76
Water solubility, % > 10
CAS:, 6425-39-4
MF:, C12H24N2O3
MW:, 244.33
EINECS:, 229-194-7
Boiling point, 309 °C(lit.)
density, 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
refractive index, n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Fp, 295 °F
CAS DataBase Reference, 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl) bis-(6425-39-4)

Product Name:
Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Other Name:
Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-;Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-;4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine];Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether;2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine];4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine;Dimorpholinodiethyl ether;Texacat DMDEE;Jeffcat DMDEE;Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether;PC CAT DMDEE;Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether;Dabco DMDEE;NSC 28749;U-CAT 660M;Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether;DMDEE;4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine;Lupragen N 106;N 106;JD-DMDEE;442548-14-3
CAS No.:
6425-39-4
Molecular Formula:
C12H24N2O3
InChIKeys:
InChIKey=ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
244.33
Exact Mass:
244.33
EC Number:
229-194-7
UNII:
5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number:
28749
DSSTox ID:
DTXSID9042170
HScode:
2934999090
PSA:
34.2
XLogP3:
-0.6
Appearance:
Liquid
Density:
1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point:
176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point:
295 °F
Refractive Index:
1.482


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER (DMDEE):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product

2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine-based catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.


CAS Number: 6425-39-4
EC Number: 229-194-7
MDL number: MFCD00072740
Chemical name: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3



SYNONYMS:
2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, [ChemIDplus] Lupragen N 106, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether, DMDEE, [BASF MSDS] DABCO DMDEE catalyst, [Air Products MSDS] JCDMDEE, JEFFCAT DMDEE, [Huntsman Petrochemical, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, 2,2′-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl)ether, 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-morpholin, Dimorpholinodiethylether, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS[2-(N-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL] ETHER, LUPRAGEN(R) N 106, 4,4'-(3-OXAPENTANE-1,5-DIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Morpholine,4,4′-(oxydiethylene)di-, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[morpholine], Bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, 2,2′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, β,β′-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], 4,4′-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, Texacat DMDEE, Jeffcat DMDEE, Di(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, PC CAT DMDEE, Bis[2-(4-morpholino)ethyl] ether, Dabco DMDEE, NSC 28749, U-CAT 660M, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, DMDEE, 4,4′-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, Lupragen N 106, N 106, JD-DMDEE, 442548-14-3, .BETA., .BETA.'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2,1-ETHANEDIYL)BISMORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)BIS(MORPHOLINE), 4,4'- (OXYDIETHYLENE)DIMORPHOLINE, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, BIS(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, BIS(MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ETHER, DMDEE, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDI-2, 1-ETHANEDIYL)BIS-, MORPHOLINE, 4,4'-(OXYDIETHYLENE)DI-, NSC-28749, 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 6425-39-4, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 5BH27U8GG4, DTXSID9042170, NSC-28749, .beta., .beta.'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholine], DMDEE, UNII-5BH27U8GG4, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, EINECS 229-194-7, NSC 28749, bis(morpholinoethyl) ether, EC 229-194-7, 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethyl ether, SCHEMBL111438, bis-(2-morpholinoethyl) ether, CHEMBL3187951, DTXCID7022170, Morpholine,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Bis[2-(N-morpholino)ethyl] ether, DI(2-MORPHOLINOETHYL) ETHER, NSC28749, Tox21_301312, AC-374, MFCD00072740, AKOS015915238, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), NCGC00255846-01, AS-15429, 4,4'-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, BIS(2-(4-MORPHOLINO)ETHYL) ETHER, CAS-6425-39-4, DB-054635, Morpholine,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, B1784, CS-0077139, NS00005825, 4,4'-(3-Oxapentane-1,5-diyl)bismorpholine, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether (DMDEE), 97%, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, D78314, 4,4'-(Oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bismorpholine, 97%, 4,4'-(2,2'-oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, Q21034660, DMDEE, Niax« Catalyst DMDEE, 4,4′-(oxydiethane-2,1-diyl)dimorpholine, DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), DMDEE, Nsc 28749, Einecs 229-194-7, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 2,2-morpholinyl diethyl ether, 2,2-Dimorpholino Diethyl Ether, 2,2-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 2,2'-dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether (DMDEE), 2,2'-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYL ET, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether, Einecs 229-194-7, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydiethylene)di-, Nsc 28749, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiet, Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis-, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether, 4,4'-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine, 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether, 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethyl ether, 4,4'-(Oxydiethylene)bis(morpholine), 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine, 2,2'-Dimorpholinyldiethyl ether, DMDEE, Morpholone 4,4’-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- 4,4’-(Oxydiethylene)bis[morpholone], Bis(morpholinoethyl)ether



2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an acronym for dimorpholinodiethyl ether but is almost always referred to as DMDEE (pronounced dumdee) in the polyurethane industry.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an organic chemical, specifically a nitrogen-oxygen heterocycle with tertiary amine functionality.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a catalyst used mainly to produce polyurethane foam.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has the CAS number 6425-39-4 and is TSCA and REACH registered and on EINECS with the number 229-194-7.
The IUPAC name of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine and the chemical formula C12H24N2O3.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine-based catalyst .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a synthetic organic compound and is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid and is soluble in water.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for water curing systems.


Due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups, NCO-containing components can have a long storage period.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is one of the important polyurethane catalysts.


There are two methods for the synthesis of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether: diethylene glycol and ammonia in the presence of hydrogen and metal catalysts, reacting at high temperature and high pressure to obtain bismorpholinyl diethyl ether; or diethylene glycol and morpholine in hydrogen and metal catalyst copper or cobalt.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong blowing catalyst with low gelling activity.
Therefore, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a preferred catalyst for one-component polyurethane systems (OCF and prepolymers) with long shelf life.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine blowing catalyst particularly suitable for one- and two-component rigid foam sealant systems as well as flexible slabstock foams.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether provides system tability in moisture cured polyurethane
Stored 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether in a cool dry place out of direct sunlight.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing system.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst, which can make NCO containing components have a long storage life due to the steric effect of amino group.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, with the chemical formula C10H20N2O2 and CAS registry number 6425-39-4, is a compound known for its use as a solvent and a reagent in various chemical reactions.


This colorless liquid, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, also referred to as DME, is characterized by its two morpholine rings attached to the diethyl ether backbone.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a straw yellow viscous liquid.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to yellowish liquid with an odor of amines.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has fishy odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether acts as a very selective blowing catalyst.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether provides a stable prepolymer system.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a liquid, tertiary amine catalyst used in the manufacture of rigid polyurethane foams and
adhesives.


In polyol formulations, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has shown good blowing efficiency and mild gel activity, and is excellent for consideration where storage stability is critical due to the acidity coming from HFO, formic acid or polyesters.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for water curing systems, A strong blowing catalyst, due to the steric hindrance of amino groups, can extend the storage period of NCO components, suitable for the catalytic reaction of NCO and water in systems such as TDI, MDI, and IPDI.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether accounts for 0.3-0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine catalyst suitable for curing systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong blowing catalyst.


Due to the steric hindrance of the amino group, the NCO-containing components have a long storage period.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, with the chemical formula C10H24N2O2, has the CAS number 6425-39-4.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a chemical compound that appears as a colorless liquid with a faint odor.


The basic structure of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether consists of two morpholine rings attached to an ethyl group.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is soluble in water.
In terms of safety information, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether may cause irritation to the skin and eyes.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is important to avoid direct contact with this chemical.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to yellow liquid, with an amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also miscible with water.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether molecule contains a total of 41 atom(s).
There are 24 Hydrogen atom(s), 12 Carbon atom(s), 2 Nitrogen atom(s), and 3 Oxygen atom(s).
A chemical formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can therefore be written as: C12H24N2O3


The chemical formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether shown above is based on the molecular formula indicating the numbers of each type of atom in a molecule without structural information, which is different from the empirical formula which provides the numerical proportions of atoms of each type.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an amine based catalyst that is also known as dimorpholino-diethyl ether.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a reactive chemical agent that has been used as a sealant for the insulation and maintenance of joints.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether reacts with water vapor or moisture in the air, which causes it to harden.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also known as DMDE and has been used in analytical chemistry as an optimal reagent for reactions with high resistance.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a divalent hydrocarbon molecule with two hydroxy groups on its backbone.
The reaction products of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether are viscosity and reaction solution.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used in coatings due to its reactivity.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


Other release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used for the manufacture of: .


Other release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging and building & construction work.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used for the manufacture of: furniture.


Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a polyurethane catalyst.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether tends to be used in one-component rather than 2-component polyurethane systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's use has been investigated in polyurethanes for controlled drug release and also adhesives for medical applications.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's use as a catalyst including the kinetics and thermodynamics have been studied and reported on extensively.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a popular catalyst along with DABCO.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used for one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft and semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used in one- and two-component sealant foams as well as flexible slabstock foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for use in water curing systems.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.


Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst particularly suitable for one component polyurethane rigid foam sealant systems.


Important While the descriptions, designs, data and information contained herein are presented in good faith and believed to be accurate, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is provided for your guidance only.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a blowing agent in the production of flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also used in hot melt adhesives.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has been studied for its potential applications in organic synthesis and as a solvent for various reactions.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is an important compound in the field of chemistry and chemical engineering, contributing to the development of new materials and processes.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used for single-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and can also be used for polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-hard foam, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst paricularly suitable for on component polyurethane rigidfoam sealant systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for use in water curing systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a strong foaming catalyst .


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can prolong the storage period of NCO components due to the steric hindrance effect of amino groups.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is suitable for TDI, MDI, IPDI, etc.
Catalytic reaction of NCO and water in the system; 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and also in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams.


The CASE material or the like is added in an amount of 0.3 to 0.55% of the polyether/ester component.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a one-component polyurethane system (such as one-component polyurethane sealant, one-component polyurethane foam, one-component polyurethane


The catalyst (or curing agent) in grouting materials, etc.).
Since one-component polyurethane prepolymer requires long-term storage stability, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether plays a key role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymer.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether quality puts forward extremely high requirements.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in one-component coating systems.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used intermediate used in Polyurethane catalysts and Initial product for chemical syntheses.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a catalyst (or curing agent) in one-component polyurethane systems (eg, one-component polyurethane caulk, one-component polyurethane foam adhesive, one-component polyurethane grouting material, etc.) .
Since single-component polyurethane prepolymers require long-term storage stability, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether plays an important role in the stability and polymerization of polyurethane prepolymers, which also puts forward very high requirements for the quality of bismorpholine diethyl ether products.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam system, and also used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foam, semi-rigid foam, CASE material, etc.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is mainly used in one-component rigid polyurethane foam systems, and can also be used in polyether and polyester polyurethane soft foams, semi-rigid foams, CASE materials, etc.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV).
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings.


2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used good blowing catalyst that does not cause cross-linking.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can also be used as catalyst for formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica.


-Scientific Research Applications of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
*Catalyst in Polyurethane Foam Production:
Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) Ether: acts as an effective catalyst in the production of polyurethane foams .

2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether facilitates the reaction between polyols and isocyanates, which are the key components in creating these foams.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether’s ability to accelerate the gelling process without promoting cross-linking makes it valuable in manufacturing flexible, molded, and moisture-cured foams.


-Property Modifier for Analytical Techniques:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) , which is utilized in Matrix Assisted Ionization Vacuum (MAIV) analysis .

This application is significant in the field of mass spectrometry, where 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether aids in the ionization process of analytes, thus enhancing the detection and analysis of various substances.


-Adhesive Formulation uses of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is also used in formulating adhesives .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's chemical properties contribute to the adhesive’s performance, particularly in terms of flexibility, curing time, and bonding strength.


-Modifier in Polypropylene Glycol (PPG) Silica:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether serves as a modifier in the incorporation of fumed silica into polypropylene glycol .
This modification is crucial in enhancing the properties of PPG, such as viscosity and thermal stability, which are important in various industrial applications.


-Catalyst for Blowing Reactions:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether: is a good blowing catalyst that is used in reactions to create foams .
This application of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is particularly relevant in the production of insulation materials, where controlled foam expansion is necessary.


-Research on Amine-Based Catalysts use of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether:
Lastly, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is subject to research as an amine-based catalyst .
Scientists are investigating 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether's catalytic properties in various chemical reactions, which could lead to more efficient and environmentally friendly processes in the chemical industry.



FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is already used in a variety of applications, including as a catalyst for flexible polyester foams, molded foams, and moisture-cured foams and coatings .

2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can also be used as a property modifier for 3-nitribenzonitrile (3-NDN) which can be further used in matrix assisted ionization vacuum analysis (MAIV) .
Future research and development may explore new uses and applications for 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether.



MODE OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether interacts with its targets by accelerating the reaction rate of the polymeric curing process .
This interaction results in a more efficient and faster curing process, which is crucial in the production of various polymeric materials .



BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The biochemical pathways affected by 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether involve the reactions of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether facilitates these reactions, leading to the formation of stable polymeric structures.
The downstream effects include the production of materials with desired properties such as flexibility, durability, and resistance to environmental factors.



RESULT OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The molecular and cellular effects of the action of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether are observed in the formation of polymeric materials .
By acting as a catalyst in the curing process, 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether enables the creation of materials with specific physical and chemical properties.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
Target of Action
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether, primarily targets the process of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether acts as a catalyst for this process, facilitating the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol incorporated fumed silica .



SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether belongs to the group of morpholine derivatives which have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for various applications.



MOLECULAR STRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
The molecular formula of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is C12H24N2O3 .
The IUPAC name of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine .
The molecular weight of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 244.33 g/mol .



CHEMICAL REACTIONS ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether can act as a catalyst for blowing reactions and facilitates the process of polymeric curing .
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is used in the formation of polyurethane foams, adhesives, and polypropylene glycol (PPG) incorporated fumed silica .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES ANALYSIS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless, oily liquid with a slightly amine-like odor.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether has a refractive index of 1.484 (lit.) and a boiling point of 309 °C (lit.) .
The density of 2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) .



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature, soluble in water;
Viscosity (25 ° C, mPa.s): 18
Density (25 ° C, g / cm 3): 1.06
Water soluble: soluble in water
Flash point (TCC, °C): 146
Amine value (mmol/g): 7.9-8.1 mmol/g



KEY FEATURES AND TYPICAL BENEFITS OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
• Virtually no impact on shelf life when mixed in isocyanate and isocyanate prepolymers, for ease of use in one-component foam formulations
• Low odor
• High purity



SYNTHESIS ROUTES AND METHODS I OF 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
Procedure details:
The pressure was set to a constant 16 bar absolute, the fresh gas flow was set to a constant 300 standard l/h of hydrogen and the circulating gas was set to a constant approx. 300 pressure liters/(lcat·h).

Ammonia and diethylene glycol were vaporized separately and preheated diethylene glycol was then introduced into the hot circulating gas stream, after which hot ammonia was fed into the reactor via a pressurized gas pump.
The laden circulating gas stream was reacted isothermally at 210° C. (+/−2° C.) and 16 bar over the catalyst in the tube reactor.

The synthesis was carried out at a space velocity over the catalyst of 0.30 lalcohol/lcat·h, a molar ratio of ammonia/alcohol of 3:1 and an amount of fresh gas/H2 of 300 standard liters/lcat·h.
90% of the alcohol was reacted in the reaction end a selectivity of 50% based on the diol used was achieved.
2,2-dimorpholinodiethylether was condensed in a pressure gas separator and collected for purification by distillation.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Presure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66 Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Viscosity: 216.6mm2/s
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Physical state: liquid
Color: yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 309 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,06 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
refractive index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
form: Oil
pka: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)

Molecular Weight:244.33
Exact Mass:244.33
EC Number:229-194-7
UNII:5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number:28749
DSSTox ID:DTXSID9042170
HScode:2934999090
PSA:34.2
XLogP3:-0.6
Appearance:Liquid
Density:1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point:176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point:295 °F
Refractive Index:1.482

Density: 1.061g/cm3
Boiling point: 333.9°C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash point: 96.7°C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5

Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area :34.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers;
Polymer Additives; Organics; Polymer Science
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Form: Oil
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: 0.5 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 6425-39-4 (CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: Morpholine, 4,4'-(oxydi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis- (6425-39-4)
Density: 1.1±0.1 g/cm3
Boiling Point: 333.9±37.0 °C at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: -28 °C
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.331
Flash Point: 96.7±23.7 °C
Exact Mass: 244.178696
PSA: 34.17000
LogP: -1.09
Vapour Pressure: 0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.482
Product name: 2,2'-Dimorpholinodiethylether

Synonyms: DMDEE, Bis(2-morpholinoethyl) ether
CAS: 6425-39-4
MF: C12H24N2O3
MW: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.06 g/ml
Melting point: -28 degrees
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.3306
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
Density: 1.061g/cm3

Boiling Point: 333.9 °C at 760 mmHg
Refractive index: 1.481
Flash Point: 96.7 °C
Vapour Pressure: 0.000132mmHg at 25°C
CAS NO:6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molecular Weight: 244.33
EINECS: 229-194-7
Product Categories: Organics;Polymer Additives;Polymer Science;
Polymerization and Polymer Property Modifiers
Mol File: 6425-39-4.mol
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C(lit.)
Flash Point: 295 °F
Appearance: STRAW YELLOW

Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484(lit.)
Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
PKA: 6.92±0.10(Predicted)
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2,2-Dimorpholinodiethylether(6425-39-4)
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid

Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F

Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Melting point: -28 °C
Boiling point: 309 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)

Flash point: 295 °F
Storage temp.: Sealed in dry, 2-8°C
CAS: 6425-39-4
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃

Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Product Name: Dimorpholinodiethyl ether
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight: 244.33
Exact Mass: 244.33
EC Number: 229-194-7
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4

NSC Number: 28749
DSSTox ID: DTXSID9042170
HS Code: 2934999090
PSA: 34.2
XLogP3: -0.6
Appearance: Liquid
Density: 1.0682 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
Boiling Point: 176-182 °C @ Press: 8 Torr
Flash Point: 295 °F
Refractive Index: 1.482
Molecular Weight: 244.33
XLogP3: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6

Exact Mass: 244.17869263
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Complexity: 172
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Name: 4,4-(Oxybis(ethane-2,1-diyl))dimorpholine
CAS No.: 6425-39-4
Molecular formula: C₁₂H₂₄N₂O₃
Molecular weight: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25°C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28°C
Boiling Point: 309°C (lit.)

Flash Point: 295 °F
Preservation conditions: 2-8°C, Dry
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
CAS: 6425-39-4
Category: Plastic Additives
Description: Liquid
IUPAC Name: 4-[2-(2-morpholin-4-ylethoxy)ethyl]morpholine
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Canonical SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
InChI: InChI=1S/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChI Key: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Complexity: 172

Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
EC Number: 229-194-7
Exact Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
Formal Charge: 0
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.178693 g/mol
NSC Number: 28749
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
UNII: 5BH27U8GG4
XLogP3: -0.6
CAS Registry Number: 6425-39-4
Unique Ingredient Identifier: 5BH27U8GG4
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3

International Chemical Identifier (InChI): ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C1COCCN1CCOCCN2CCOCC2
Molecular Weight: 244.33 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 5
Rotatable Bond Count: 6
Exact Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 244.17869263 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 34.2 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 17
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 172
Isotope Atom Count: 0

Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
EINECS: 229-194-7
InChI: InChI=1/C12H24N2O3/c1-7-15-8-2-13(1)5-11-17-12-6-14-3-9-16-10-4-14/h1-12H2
InChIKey: ZMSQJSMSLXVTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Formula: C12H24N2O3
Molar Mass: 244.33
Density: 1.06 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point: -28 °C
Boiling Point: 309 °C (lit.)
Flash Point: 295°F
Water Solubility: 100g/L at 20℃

Solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Ethyl Acetate (Slightly)
Vapor Pressure: 66Pa at 20℃
Appearance: Oil
Color: Pale Brown to Light Brown
pKa: 6.92±0.10 (Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.484 (lit.)
Additional Physical Properties:
Viscosity (25℃): 18 mPa·s
Relative Density (25℃): 1.06
Boiling Point: Greater than 225℃
Melting Point: Less than -28℃
Flash Point (TCC): 146℃
Amine Value: 7.9–8.1 mmol/g



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Use personal protective equipment.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Safety glasses with side-shields
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 12:
Non Combustible Liquids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2,2-DIMORPHOLINODIETHYLETHER:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available

2,2'-DITHIODI(ETHYLAMMONIUM) BIS(DIBENZYLDITHIOCARBAMATE)
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C30H32N2S8.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly known as Ethylammonium Dibenzyl Dithiocarbamate (EED).
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is primarily used as a chelating agent or complexing agent in various industrial processes, particularly in the field of analytical chemistry and metal ion extraction.

CAS Number: 239446-62-9
Molecular Formula: C34H40N4S6
Molecular Weight: 697.0982
EINECS Number: 427-180-7

Synonyms: Carbamodithioic acid, N,N-bis(phenylmethyl)-, compd. with 2,2a(2)-dithiobis[ethanamine] (2:1), 239446-62-9, DTXSID001088861

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) forms stable complexes with certain metal ions, such as copper, nickel, and cobalt.
These complexes can be utilized in analytical techniques like atomic absorption spectroscopy and chromatography for the determination and quantification of metal ions in different samples.
Additionally, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) has been investigated for its potential applications in the extraction and recovery of metal ions from industrial wastewater and mining processes due to its ability to selectively bind to specific metal ions.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) consists of two ethylammonium groups (-NHCH2CH3) linked by a sulfur bridge (dithio) at the 2,2' positions.
Each ethylammonium group is coordinated to a dibenzyl dithiocarbamate moiety.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is typically synthesized through the reaction of ethylamine with carbon disulfide followed by the reaction of the resulting ethylammonium dithiocarbamate with dibenzyl sulfide.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is generally soluble in polar solvents such as water, ethanol, and methanol.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) forms stable complexes with certain metal ions, particularly those of transition metals such as copper, nickel, and cobalt.
These complexes often have distinctive colors and spectroscopic properties, which can be utilized for their detection and analysis.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly used in analytical chemistry for the extraction, separation, and determination of metal ions in various samples, including environmental samples, biological fluids, and industrial effluents.
It exhibits selectivity towards specific metal ions, which makes it useful for the selective extraction and preconcentration of target metal ions from complex matrices.
As a chelating agent, it forms stable chelates with metal ions by coordinating multiple donor atoms (sulfur atoms from dithiocarbamate groups), which enhances the solubility and stability of the metal complexes.

The complexes formed by 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) with metal ions tend to be stable under a wide range of conditions, including variations in pH and temperature.
This stability is advantageous in analytical applications where the samples may undergo various treatments or analyses.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)'s ability to form stable complexes with metal ions often results in low detection limits, making it suitable for trace analysis of metals in complex matrices.

This sensitivity is particularly useful in environmental monitoring and quality control processes.
In analytical chemistry, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is often employed in sample preparation techniques such as liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction to isolate and concentrate metal ions from sample solutions prior to analysis.
While the compound exhibits selectivity towards certain metal ions, it may also interact with other components present in the sample matrix.

Careful optimization of extraction conditions and the use of masking agents can help mitigate interference from matrix components.
Due to its potential environmental and health impacts, the use and disposal of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may be subject to regulatory controls in some jurisdictions.
Compliance with relevant regulations and guidelines is essential when handling and disposing of this compound.

Ongoing research aims to further optimize the properties and applications of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate), including exploring its potential in new analytical techniques, environmental remediation strategies, and industrial processes.
Designed to overcome concerns regarding both the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and type IV allergic response problems both in terms of production and application environments.
Functions as a primary or secondary accelerator, capable of replacing conventional thiurams or 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) on a weight to weight basis.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) reduces or eliminate iridescence in production parts.
Exhibits low heat build-up (low hysterisis) and very good compression set in natural rubber – particularly in thicker crosssections that may get over cured.
Reacts so rapidly with sulfur that it is necessary to use the rubber-bound form to prevent premature reactions with sulfur or sulfur-bearing chemicals.

The present invention relates to elastomers, i.e. natural or synthetic rubbers, and also particularly to improved rubber compounds and an improved method of producing moulded cured elastomers.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is well known and established that, to achieve the useful cured state, basic rubber polymers which exist in a viscous form, lying in between solids and liquids, are generally first mixed mechanically with other ingredients in the form of powders, resins or liquids to produce so-called rubber compounds.
Some of the added ingredients are chemicals which can react to bring about the cured elastic state.

These 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)s are then subjected to the curing (vulcanisation) process.
During the curing period, in one common process, compression moulding, the rubber compound is placed to an overfilled capacity within the constituent parts of a suitable mould shaped as a reflection of the eventual component being produced.
During the early stages of curing, the mould parts which encapsulate the rubber compound are subjected to heat and externally-applied hydrostatic pressure.

The applied pressure causes the mould parts to move together until closed, thus producing rubber compound flow and consolidation of the rubber compound within, and expelling excess material.
The 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) thus takes up the shape of the mould.
The heat applied initially causes the rubber compound to soften to facilitate this process, and later causes the chemical crosslinking reactions which vulcanize the rubber compound to a useful elastic state to take place.

In other moulding processes, the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is extruded to a suitable continuous strip (extrusion moulding), or transferred or injected from one mould region to another shaped to form the product (transfer moulding and injection moulding, respectively).
Again the process involves a mechanical shaping followed by curing.
This invention applies to all forming and curing processes such as these or any others used for moulding rubbers.

End use mouldings include the range from small components such as seals and gaiters through shoe rubbers, extruded profiles and tyre treads to hoses and flex elements, and to bridge bearings and other large scale civil engineering structures.
The added ingredients (additives) are incorporated into the 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) according to recipes, or formulations, which have been developed through many years of improvement and optimisation to obtain the desired material properties for each of the many different usages of rubbers.
The magnitudes of these properties are commonly used to specify the materials most suited for different applications.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is by far the more common practice to cure the rubber compounds at a temperature in the approximate range of 120°C to 220°C, with the most common temperatures being 130°C to 185°C or thereabouts.
The time required at these temperatures to reach completion of cure varies from approximately a very few minutes at the highest temperatures to several hours at the lowest temperatures, which are usually only used for curing very large articles.
Occasionally a temperature as low as 100°C might be used, but the cure would then normally last for several days.

Such low temperature long cures are normally only used in situations where the cure time does not matter, for example, curing a rubber lining around the inner surface of a storage tank used for containing liquids, etc.
At the most common temperatures of 140°C to 150°C, a time reasonably required for cure would normally lie in the 20 minutes to 60 minutes range.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) exhibits selectivity towards certain metal ions, the selectivity can be further enhanced or modified by adjusting experimental conditions such as pH, temperature, and solvent composition.

This flexibility allows researchers to tailor the extraction process for specific applications or target analytes.
In addition to liquid-liquid extraction methods, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can also be utilized in chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) for the separation and quantification of metal ions in complex mixtures.
In some cases, derivatization techniques may be employed to enhance the detectability or stability of metal complexes formed by 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate).

Derivatization can involve modifying the chemical structure of the compound or introducing functional groups that facilitate detection or improve complexation efficiency.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) in quality control processes is essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of analytical results.
Quality control measures may include the use of certified reference materials, method validation studies, and regular calibration of analytical instruments.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is valuable in environmental monitoring programs aimed at assessing the presence and concentration of metal contaminants in air, water, soil, and biota.
Monitoring data can inform regulatory decisions, pollution mitigation strategies, and environmental risk assessments.
As with any chemical reagent, proper safety precautions should be observed when handling 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate).

This includes wearing appropriate personal protective equipment, working in a well-ventilated area, and following established protocols for storage, handling, and disposal.
Ongoing advancements in analytical chemistry and environmental science are likely to drive continued research and innovation in the field of metal ion analysis and extraction.
Future trends may include the development of novel extraction techniques, the exploration of green chemistry principles, and the application of emerging technologies such as microfluidics and nanomaterials.what are the uses.

Uses:
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is commonly employed in analytical procedures for the extraction and preconcentration of metal ions from various sample matrices, including environmental samples (e.g., water, soil), biological samples (e.g., blood, urine), and industrial effluents.
It forms stable complexes with metal ions, facilitating their isolation and subsequent analysis.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes are utilized for the determination and quantification of metal ions in analytical techniques such as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).

The formation of distinct complexes aids in the sensitive detection and accurate measurement of metal concentrations.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is used in quality control processes in industries such as environmental monitoring, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, and metallurgy.
It enables the precise measurement of metal impurities or additives in raw materials, intermediate products, and final products, ensuring compliance with regulatory standards and product specifications.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is employed in research laboratories for investigating the distribution, speciation, and behavior of metal ions in various systems.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) serves as a valuable tool for studying metal complexation kinetics, thermodynamics, and environmental fate processes.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based methods are utilized in environmental monitoring programs to assess metal contamination levels in air, water bodies, sediments, and biota.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based techniques contribute to understanding environmental pollution sources, trends, and impacts, facilitating informed decision-making and regulatory action.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may find applications in wastewater treatment processes for the removal of heavy metal contaminants prior to discharge into the environment.
Its ability to selectively complex with metal ions can aid in the precipitation or adsorption of metals, contributing to the remediation of contaminated effluents.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) is used in academic settings for teaching purposes in analytical chemistry courses and laboratory experiments.
Students learn about complexation chemistry, metal ion analysis techniques, and the principles of sample preparation and instrument operation using EED-based methodologies.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be employed in the mining industry for the extraction and recovery of valuable metal ions from ores and mineral concentrates.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) aids in the selective extraction of target metals during hydrometallurgical processes such as leaching and solvent extraction, contributing to increased metal recovery and process efficiency.
In electroplating and metal finishing operations, 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may be utilized as a complexing agent to facilitate the deposition of metal coatings onto substrates.
It helps improve the uniformity and adherence of metal layers, enhancing the quality and performance of finished products in industries such as electronics, automotive, and aerospace.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes can serve as corrosion inhibitors for metal surfaces exposed to aggressive environments such as seawater, acidic solutions, or industrial process streams.
The formation of protective film layers on metal surfaces helps mitigate corrosion damage and extend the service life of metal components and structures.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have shown potential applications in biomedical research and healthcare, including as contrast agents for medical imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

These complexes can be functionalized to target specific tissues or biomolecules, enabling non-invasive imaging and diagnosis of diseases.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes with certain transition metal ions exhibit catalytic activity in organic synthesis reactions.
They can act as catalysts or co-catalysts in various chemical transformations, including cross-coupling reactions, oxidation reactions, and polymerization reactions, leading to the synthesis of valuable organic compounds and materials.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have been investigated for their potential applications in solar cell technologies.
They may function as sensitizers or electron transport materials in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or organic photovoltaic devices, contributing to the conversion of sunlight into electrical energy.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be utilized in water treatment processes for the removal of heavy metal contaminants from drinking water supplies or industrial wastewater streams.

It offers an efficient and selective means of metal ion removal, helping to meet regulatory standards for water quality and protect human health and the environment.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their use in the synthesis and functionalization of nanomaterials with tailored properties and applications.
They can serve as templates, stabilizers, or precursors for the fabrication of nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and nanostructured materials with diverse functionalities.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) can be utilized in analytical chemistry for the determination of metal ions in complex matrices such as biological samples, food products, and environmental samples.
Its ability to form stable complexes with metal ions enables accurate quantification using analytical techniques like spectrophotometry, voltammetry, and chromatography.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based extraction methods may find application in the recovery of valuable metals from electronic waste (e-waste).

Given the increasing demand for rare and precious metals in electronic devices, efficient extraction techniques using 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) could contribute to sustainable recycling practices and resource conservation.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their potential use in metal ion sensing and detection applications.
These complexes can be incorporated into sensor platforms or detection assays for rapid and selective detection of specific metal ions in solution, offering potential applications in environmental monitoring, industrial process control, and medical diagnostics.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based metal complexes have shown promise in the development of drug delivery systems and therapeutics.
These complexes can serve as carriers or vehicles for targeted drug delivery, enabling controlled release of therapeutic agents at specific sites within the body for enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based chelation therapy has been investigated as a potential treatment for heavy metal poisoning, particularly cadmium and lead toxicity.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes with cadmium and lead ions can facilitate their elimination from the body by promoting their excretion through urine, offering a potential therapeutic approach for individuals exposed to high levels of these toxic metals.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes have been explored for their antimicrobial properties and potential applications in food preservation.
These complexes may inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and spoilage bacteria in food products, extending their shelf life and enhancing food safety.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-based extraction methods could be applied to soil remediation efforts aimed at removing metal contaminants from contaminated soils.
By selectively extracting metal ions from soil matrices, EED facilitates the remediation process, restoring soil quality and reducing environmental risks associated with metal contamination.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) complexes used as catalysts in organic synthesis reactions may enable catalyst recycling and reusability, contributing to sustainability and cost-effectiveness in chemical manufacturing processes.

Safety Profile:
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and its metal complexes may exhibit toxicity to humans and other organisms.
Exposure to high concentrations of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) or its complexes can cause adverse health effects, including skin irritation, eye irritation, respiratory tract irritation, and allergic reactions.
Ingestion or inhalation of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-containing substances may lead to systemic toxicity, affecting the central nervous system, liver, kidneys, and other organs.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) and its complexes can be hazardous to the environment, particularly aquatic ecosystems.
Discharge of 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate)-containing effluents into water bodies can result in contamination of surface water and sediment, potentially harming aquatic organisms such as fish, invertebrates, and algae.
2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) may persist in the environment and bioaccumulate in food chains, leading to long-term ecological impacts.

2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) solutions may exhibit corrosive properties, particularly at high concentrations or under certain conditions.
Contact with concentrated EED solutions or exposure to 2,2'-Dithiodi(ethylammonium) bis(dibenzyldithiocarbamate) vapors can cause corrosion and damage to skin, mucous membranes, and respiratory tissues.
Proper handling and storage practices are necessary to prevent accidental exposure and minimize the risk of corrosion-related injuries.


2,2-Dimethylbutyric Acid
2,2-Dimethylbutyric Acid; 2,2-Dimethylbuttersäure; ácido 2,2-dimetilbutírico; Acide 2,2-diméthylbutyrique; cas no: 595-37-9
2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
DESCRIPTION:

2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) appears as a colorless liquid.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is Denser than water.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.


CAS Number: 112-27-6
EC Code: 203-953-2
Formula: C10H18O6
Molecular weight: 150.20 g/mol


SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL):
2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-; Triethylene Glycol; 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol; Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis- 2-Methoxyethyl ether, Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, Dimethyldiglycol, ‘Diglyme’,2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,Diethylene glycol,Ethylene diglycol,Diglycol,2,2′-Oxybisethanol,2,2′-Oxydiethanol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,Dihydroxy diethyl ether,Digenos,Digol,Ethylene glycol bis-mercaptoacetate,diethylene glycol, 2,2'-oxydiethanol, diglycol, diethylenglykol, 2-hydroxyethyl ether, bis 2-hydroxyethyl ether, ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis, 2,2'-oxybisethanol, 2-2-hydroxyethoxy ethanol, digol,(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethan-2-ol,2,2'-oxydiethanol,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-Oxybis[ethano],2,2'-Oxydiethanol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,2- hydroxyethoxy)ethan- 2-ol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,Bis(β-hydroxyethyl) ether,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL,111-46-6,2,2'-Oxydiethanol,Diglycol,2,2'-Oxybisethanol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,Diethylenglykol,Digol,2-Hydroxyethyl ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-,Digenol,Dicol,Brecolane ndg,Glycol ether,Deactivator E,Dissolvant APV,Ethylene diglycol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,1,5-Dihydroxy-3-oxapentane,Diethyleneglycol,TL4N,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-0xydiethanol,Bis(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxydi-,2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,beta,beta'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Deactivator H,Caswell No. 338A,2,2'-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,DEG,HSDB 69,NSC 36391,CCRIS 2193,DTXSID8020462,bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,EINECS 203-872-2,MFCD00002882,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 338200,BRN 0969209,CHEBI:46807,AI3-08416,UNII-61BR964293,2,2'-Oxybis[Ethanol],Diethylene Glycol (DEG),NSC-36391,bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,2,2-Di(hydroxyethyl) ether,DTXCID20462,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHER,Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl) ether,61BR964293,EC 203-872-2,2,2-OXYDI(ETHAN-1-OL),4-01-00-02390 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-oxybis(ethanol),PEG 400,105400-04-2,149626-00-6,Diethylenglykol [Czech],DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS),DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS],diethylene-glycol,1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, 7,16-bis(1-oxodecyl)-,CAS-111-46-6,Chromate(2-), 2-5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo-2-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)phenylmethyleneamino-.kappa.Nbenzoato(,GLYCEROL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY),GLYCEROL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY],PEG 200,PEG 600,OH-PEG2-OH,diehyleneglycol,Diglykol,Diethyleneglykol,diethyene glycol,2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Etofenamate Imp. F (EP); Etofenamate Impurity F; Glycerol Impurity A,di-ethylene glycol,PEG2000,Diethyl ene glycol,Glicole dietilenico,2-hydroxyethylether,1KA,Diethylenglykol rein,Ethanol,2'-oxydi-,2,2'-Ossidietanolo,2,2'-Oxibesethanol,Ethanol,2'-oxybis-,Glycol hydroxyethyl ether,Diethylene glycol, 99%,3-Oxypentane-1,5-diol,2,2-OXYBISETHANOL,SCHEMBL1462,HO(CH2CH2O)2H,2,2-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),WLN: Q2O2Q,2-HYDROXYETHOXYETHANOL,MLS001055330,BIDD:ER0301,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI],2-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethanol,PEG600,CHEMBL1235226,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB],HO(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH,2-(2-hydroxyethoxyl)ethan-1-ol,PEG4000,PEG6000,Diethylene glycol, LR, >=99%,3-OXA-1, 5-PENTANEDIOL,HMS2270G18,NSC32855,NSC32856,NSC35744,NSC35745,NSC35746,NSC36391,PEG35000,Tox21_201616,Tox21_300064,.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,NSC-32855,NSC-32856,NSC-35744,NSC-35745,NSC-35746,STL280303,Diethylene glycol, analytical standard,AKOS000120101,1ST9049,FS-3891,PEG 10,000,PEG 20,000,NCGC00090703-01,NCGC00090703-02,NCGC00090703-03,NCGC00253996-01,NCGC00259165-01,2,2'-Oxydiethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyl ether,BP-20527,BP-22990,BP-23304,BP-25804,BP-25805,BP-31029,BP-31030,BP-31245,Diethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%,SMR000112132,DB-092325,CS-0014055,D0495,ETOFENAMATE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY],NS00004483,EN300-19318,Diethylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC),Diethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%,E83357,A802367,Diethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%,Q421902,J-002580,F1908-0125,9BAE4479-A6DD-4206-83C1-AB625AB87665,Diethylene glycol, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC),colorless,InChI=1/C4H10O3/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h5-6H,1-4H,Diethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,162662-01-3,31290-76-3,9002-90-8






APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) may be used as a solvent to form a solution of sodium pentaphosphacyclopentadienide.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol.[3]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) is a widely used solvent.[4]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant.

2,2'-Ethylenedioxy Bis(ethanol) has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.[3]



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
Density 1.1274 -
Vapor pressure 0.133 Pa
at 25°C
UNEP p.66
Fusion point -5°C
Henry's constant 3.2e-06 Pa.m 3 .mol -1
calculated with EPIWIN
UNEP p.66
Octanol/water partition coefficient (Log Kow) -1.7 -
Chemical name or material Triethylene glycol diacetate
Fusion point -50°C
Density 1.12
Boiling point 286°C
Flash point 163°C (325°F)
Refractive index 1.44
Quantity 250 g
Beilstein 1789453
Formula weight 234.25
Purity percentage 98%





SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXY BIS(ETHANOL)
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.
2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL
DESCRIPTION:
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol appears as a colorless liquid.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is Denser than water.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol Contact may slightly irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes.


CAS: 112-27-6
EINECS: 203-953-2
Formula: C6H14O4
Molecular Weight: 150.18


SYNONYMS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL:

2,2'-(Ethylenedioxy)diethanol,2,2'-Ethylenedioxybis(ethanol),2-[2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol,Ethylene glycol dihydroxy-diethyl ether
Triglycol,2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol, 1,2-bis(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethane; Ethanol, 2,2'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy)]bis-; Triethylene Glycol; 2-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethan-1-ol; Ethanol, 2,2'-(1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy))bis- 2-Methoxyethyl ether, Bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, Dimethyldiglycol, ‘Diglyme’,2,2′-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,Diethylene glycol,Ethylene diglycol,Diglycol,2,2′-Oxybisethanol,2,2′-Oxydiethanol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,Dihydroxy diethyl ether,Digenos,Digol,Ethylene glycol bis-mercaptoacetate,diethylene glycol, 2,2'-oxydiethanol, diglycol, diethylenglykol, 2-hydroxyethyl ether, bis 2-hydroxyethyl ether, ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis, 2,2'-oxybisethanol, 2-2-hydroxyethoxy ethanol, digol,(2-hydroxyethoxy) ethan-2-ol,2,2'-oxydiethanol,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-Oxybis[ethano],2,2'-Oxydiethanol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,2- hydroxyethoxy)ethan- 2-ol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,Bis(β-hydroxyethyl) ether,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL,111-46-6,2,2'-Oxydiethanol,Diglycol,2,2'-Oxybisethanol,2-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)ethanol,Diethylenglykol,Digol,2-Hydroxyethyl ether,Bis(2-hydroxyethyl) ether,DI(HYDROXYETHYL)ETHER,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxybis-,Digenol,Dicol,Brecolane ndg,Glycol ether,Deactivator E,Dissolvant APV,Ethylene diglycol,2,2'-Oxyethanol,1,5-Dihydroxy-3-oxapentane,Diethyleneglycol,TL4N,3-Oxapentane-1,5-diol,Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-0xydiethanol,Bis(beta-hydroxyethyl) ether,2,2'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Ethanol, 2,2'-oxydi-,2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethan-1-ol,2,2'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,beta,beta'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,Deactivator H,Caswell No. 338A,2,2'-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),3-Oxapentamethylene-1,5-diol,3-Oxa-1,5-pentanediol,DEG,HSDB 69,NSC 36391,CCRIS 2193,DTXSID8020462,bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,EINECS 203-872-2,MFCD00002882,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 338200,BRN 0969209,CHEBI:46807,AI3-08416,UNII-61BR964293,2,2'-Oxybis[Ethanol],Diethylene Glycol (DEG),NSC-36391,bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)ether,2,2-Di(hydroxyethyl) ether,DTXCID20462,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL ETHER,Bis(.beta.-hydroxyethyl) ether,61BR964293,EC 203-872-2,2,2-OXYDI(ETHAN-1-OL),4-01-00-02390 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxydiethyl ether,2,2'-oxybis(ethanol),PEG 400,105400-04-2,149626-00-6,Diethylenglykol [Czech],DIETHYLENE GLYCOL (USP-RS),DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [USP-RS],diethylene-glycol,1,4,10,13-Tetraoxa-7,16-diazacyclooctadecane, 7,16-bis(1-oxodecyl)-,CAS-111-46-6,Chromate(2-), 2-5-(2,5-dichlorophenyl)azo-2-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)phenylmethyleneamino-.kappa.Nbenzoato(,GLYCEROL IMPURITY A (EP IMPURITY),GLYCEROL IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY],PEG 200,PEG 600,OH-PEG2-OH,diehyleneglycol,Diglykol,Diethyleneglykol,diethyene glycol,2,2'-Oxydiethanol; Etofenamate Imp. F (EP); Etofenamate Impurity F; Glycerol Impurity A,di-ethylene glycol,PEG2000,Diethyl ene glycol,Glicole dietilenico,2-hydroxyethylether,1KA,Diethylenglykol rein,Ethanol,2'-oxydi-,2,2'-Ossidietanolo,2,2'-Oxibesethanol,Ethanol,2'-oxybis-,Glycol hydroxyethyl ether,Diethylene glycol, 99%,3-Oxypentane-1,5-diol,2,2-OXYBISETHANOL,SCHEMBL1462,HO(CH2CH2O)2H,2,2-Oxybis(ethan-1-ol),WLN: Q2O2Q,2-HYDROXYETHOXYETHANOL,MLS001055330,BIDD:ER0301,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [MI],2-(2-Hydroxy-ethoxy)-ethanol,PEG600,CHEMBL1235226,DIETHYLENE GLYCOL [HSDB],HO(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH,2-(2-hydroxyethoxyl)ethan-1-ol,PEG4000,PEG6000,Diethylene glycol, LR, >=99%,3-OXA-1, 5-PENTANEDIOL,HMS2270G18,NSC32855,NSC32856,NSC35744,NSC35745,NSC35746,NSC36391,PEG35000,Tox21_201616,Tox21_300064,.beta.,.beta.'-Dihydroxyethyl ether,NSC-32855,NSC-32856,NSC-35744,NSC-35745,NSC-35746,STL280303,Diethylene glycol, analytical standard,AKOS000120101,1ST9049,FS-3891,PEG 10,000,PEG 20,000,NCGC00090703-01,NCGC00090703-02,NCGC00090703-03,NCGC00253996-01,NCGC00259165-01,2,2'-Oxydiethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyl ether,BP-20527,BP-22990,BP-23304,BP-25804,BP-25805,BP-31029,BP-31030,BP-31245,Diethylene glycol, ReagentPlus(R), 99%,SMR000112132,DB-092325,CS-0014055,D0495,ETOFENAMATE IMPURITY F [EP IMPURITY],NS00004483,EN300-19318,Diethylene glycol, BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC),Diethylene glycol, SAJ first grade, >=98.0%,E83357,A802367,Diethylene glycol, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%,Q421902,J-002580,F1908-0125,9BAE4479-A6DD-4206-83C1-AB625AB87665,Diethylene glycol, puriss. p.a., >=99.0% (GC),colorless,InChI=1/C4H10O3/c5-1-3-7-4-2-6/h5-6H,1-4H,Diethylene glycol, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard,162662-01-3,31290-76-3,9002-90-8



APPLICATIONS OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol may be used as a solvent to form a solution of sodium pentaphosphacyclopentadienide.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2CH2)2O.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a colorless, practically odorless, and hygroscopic liquid with a sweetish taste.
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a four carbon dimer of ethylene glycol.


2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is miscible in water, alcohol, ether, acetone, and ethylene glycol.[3]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol is a widely used solvent.[4]
2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol can be a normal ingredient in various consumer products, and it can be a contaminant.

2,2'-Ethylenedioxyethanol has also been misused to sweeten wine and beer, and to viscosify oral and topical pharmaceutical products.
Its use has resulted in many epidemics of poisoning since the early 20th century.[3]



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL:
【Appearance】

Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid, practically odorless, hygroscopic.
【Solubility in water】

Miscible
【Melting Point】

-7
【Boiling Point】

285
【Vapor Pressure】

0.001 (25 C)
【Density】

1.125 g/cm3 (20 C)
【Heat Of Vaporization】

61.04 kJ/mol
【Heat Of Combustion】

-3566 kJ/mol
【Usage】

In various plastics to increase pliability, in air disinfection.
【Vapor Density】

5.17
【Saturation Concentration】

1.3 ppm (20 C)
【Refractive Index】

1.4529 (25 C)

Density 1.1274 -
Vapor pressure 0.133 Pa
at 25°C
UNEP p.66
Fusion point -5°C
Henry's constant 3.2e-06 Pa.m 3 .mol -1
calculated with EPIWIN
UNEP p.66
Octanol/water partition coefficient (Log Kow) -1.7 -
Chemical name or material Triethylene glycol diacetate
Fusion point -50°C
Density 1.12
Boiling point 286°C
Flash point 163°C (325°F)
Refractive index 1.44
Quantity 250 g
Beilstein 1789453
Formula weight 234.25
Purity percentage 98%


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2,2'-ETHYLENEDIOXYETHANOL
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.


2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.

CAS Number: 87-69-4
EC Number: 205-695-6
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09

Synonyms: (+)-L-Tartaric acid, (+)-Tartaric acid, 87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, L-Tartaric acid, L(+)-Tartaric acid, tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, (R,R)-Tartaric acid, Threaric acid, L-threaric acid, Dextrotartaric acid, Natural tartaric acid, Acidum tartaricum, DL-Tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, (+)-(R,R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-, Rechtsweinsaeure, Kyselina vinna, (2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, (R,R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, tartrate, Succinic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy, Weinsteinsaeure, L-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, 133-37-9, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, 1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, EINECS 201-766-0, (+)-Weinsaeure, NSC 62778, FEMA No. 3044, INS NO.334, DTXSID8023632, UNII-W4888I119H, CHEBI:15671, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova, AI3-06298, Lamb protein (fungal), INS-334, (+/-)-Tartaric Acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, (R,R)-tartrate, NSC-62778, W4888I119H, Tartaric acid (VAN), Kyselina vinna [Czech], DTXCID203632, E 334, E-334, RR-tartaric acid, (+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-(+)-, EC 201-766-0, TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-), Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN], Weinsaeure, BAROS COMPONENT TARTARIC ACID, L-2,3-DIHYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID, MFCD00064207, C4H6O6, L-tartarate, 4J4Z8788N8, 138508-61-9, (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxybernsteinsaeure, TARTARIC ACID COMPONENT OF BAROS, Resolvable tartaric acid, d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID (II), TARTARIC ACID [II], 144814-09-5, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech], REL-(2R,3R)-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID (MART.), TARTARIC ACID [MART.], (1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, TARTARIC ACID (USP-RS), TARTARIC ACID [USP-RS], BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-, (R-(R*,R*))-, Tartaric acid D,L, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-, TARTARIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), TARTARIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], Tartarate, DL-TARTARICACID, 132517-61-4, L(+) tartaric acid, (2RS,3RS)-Tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Traubensaeure, Vogesensaeure, Weinsaure, acide tartrique, acido tartarico, tartaric-acid, para-Weinsaeure, L-Threaric aci, 4ebt, NSC 148314, NSC-148314, (r,r)-tartarate, (+)-tartarate, l(+)tartaric acid, Tartaric acid; L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid (TN), (+-)-Tartaric acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-, L-(+) tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-Tartarate, 1d5r, DL TARTARIC ACID, TARTARICUM ACIDUM, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinate, TARTARIC ACID,DL-, SCHEMBL5762, TARTARIC ACID, DL-, Tartaric acid (JP17/NF), TARTARIC ACID [FCC], TARTARIC ACID [JAN], d-a,b-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID [INCI], MLS001336057, L-TARTARIC ACID [MI], TARTARIC ACID [VANDF], DL-TARTARIC ACID [MI], CCRIS 8978, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS, TARTARIC ACID [WHO-DD], CHEMBL1236315, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioXtra, TARTARICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], UNII-4J4Z8788N8, (2R,3R)-2,3-tartaric acid, CHEBI:26849, HMS2270G22, Pharmakon1600-01300044, TARTARIC ACID, DL- [II], TARTARIC ACID, (+/-)-, TARTARIC ACID,DL- [VANDF], HY-Y0293, STR02377, TARTARIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK], EINECS 205-105-7, Tox21_300155, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinicacid, NSC759609, s6233, AKOS016843282, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.5%, CS-W020107, DB09459, NSC-759609, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R-(R*,R*))-, CAS-87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, AR, >=99%, (R*,R*)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NCGC00247911-01, NCGC00254043-01, BP-31012, SMR000112492, SBI-0207063.P001, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NS00074184, T0025, EN300-72271, (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, C00898, D00103, D70248, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T), J-500964, J-520420, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, tested according to Ph.Eur., Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-(+-)-, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, JIS special grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, natural, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%, Q18226455, F8880-9012, Z1147451717, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (theta,theta)-(+-)-, 000189E3-11D0-4B0A-8C7B-31E02A48A51F, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Tartaric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5%, Tartaric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also known as 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid or Racemic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid which is crystalline white.
Baking powder is a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with sodium bicarbonate.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used in the field of pharmaceuticals.
High doses of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can lead to paralysis or death.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a tetraric acid, which is butanedioic acid substituted with hydroxy groups at the 2 and 3 positions.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a conjugate acid of 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid that naturally occurs in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in bananas and citrus fruits.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white, crystalline solid which can easily be dissolved in water.

Approx. 50 % of the produced 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is subsequently used by the food and pharmaceutical industry, the other half is used in technical applications.
When added to food or beverage products, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is denoted by E-number E 334.

Besides that, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and its derivatives are often used in the field of pharmaceuticals or as a chelating agent in the farming and metal industry.

Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid occurs naturally in many plants, particularly in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be added to food when a sour taste is desired.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also used as an antioxidant.

Salts of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are known as tartarates.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a dihydroxy derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found in cream of tartar and baking powder.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in Rochelle Salt.
In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid containing two stereocenters.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid exists as a pair of enantiomers and an achiral meso compound.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is present in many fruits (fruit acid), and 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid monopotassium salt is found as a deposit during the fermentation of grape juice.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a historical compound, dating back to when Louis Pasteur separated 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid into two enantiomers with a magnifying lens and a pair of tweezers more than 160 years ago.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has a stronger, sharper taste than citric acid.
Although 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is renowned for its natural occurrence in grapes, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also occurs in apples, cherries, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, strawberries, mangos, and citrus fruits.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used preferentially in foods containing cranberries or grapes, notably wines, jellies, and confectioneries.
Commercially, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is prepared from the waste products of the wine industry and is more expensive than most acidulants, including citric and malic acids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.
Furthermore, when dissolved in hard water, undesirable insoluble precipitates of calcium tartrate can form.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an abundant constituent of many fruits such as grapes and bananas and exhibits a slightly astringent and refreshing sour taste.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is added to other foods to give a sour taste and is normally used with other acids such as citric acid and malic acid as an additive in soft drinks, candies, and so on.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is produced by acid hydrolysis of calcium tartrate, which is prepared from potassium tartrate obtained as a by-product during wine production.
Optically active 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used for the chiral resolution of amines and also as an asymmetric catalyst.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is the most water-soluble of the solid acidulants.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid contributes a strong tart taste that enhances fruit flavors, particularly grape and lime.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is often used as an acidulant in grape- and lime-flavored beverages, gelatin desserts, jams, jellies, and hard sour confectionery.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, one of the most widely distributed of plant acids, with a number of food and industrial uses.
Along with several of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salts, cream of tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate) and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is obtained from by-products of wine fermentation.

Study of the crystallographic, chemical, and optical properties of the 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids by French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur laid the basis for modern ideas of stereoisomerism.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used as an acidulant in carbonated drinks, effervescent tablets, gelatin desserts, and fruit jellies.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has many industrial applications—e.g., in cleaning and polishing metals, in calico printing, in wool dyeing, and in certain photographic printing and development processes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, in processing cheese, and in compounding mild cathartics.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is incorporated into baking powders, hard candies, and taffies; and 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is employed in the cleaning of brass, the electrolytic tinning of iron and steel, and the coating of other metals with gold and silver.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also known as 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid or Racemic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is in use to generate carbon dioxide.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely in use in the field of pharmaceuticals.
A High dose of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can affect our body to a great extent.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a white and crystalline that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables and most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also present in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as a baking powder that is in use as a leavening agent in food preparation.
The 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is added to foods being an antioxidant i.e., E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, sometimes called racemic acid, is an organic compound that naturally occurs in plants, wine, and many fruits, such as grapes, tamarinds, citrus, and bananas.
The acid is available as a white solid that’s soluble in water.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid salt, commonly referred to as cream of tartar, is created naturally through fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is made from potassium acid tartrate obtained from different by-products of the wine industry, such as lees, argol, and press cakes from fermented grape juice.
This dibasic acid is usually mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is available as baking powder commonly used as a food additive.

Uses of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is Levo form of dextrorotatory 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found throughout nature and classified as a fruit acid.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in soft drinks and foods, as an acidulant, complexing agent, pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent), in photography, tanning, ceramics, and to make tartrates.
Diethyl and dibutyl ester derivatives are commercially significant for use in lacquers and in textile printing.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an intermediate, in construction and ceramics applications, in cleaning products, cosmetics/personal care products, and metal surface treatments (including galvanic and electroplating products).
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a flavoring agent, anticaking agent, drying agent, firming agent, humectant, leavening agent, and pH control agent for foods.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to improve the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to chelate metal ions such as magnesium and calcium.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in recipes as a leavening agent along with baking soda.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an antioxidant.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is as one of the important acids in wine.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in foods to give a sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is sometimes used to induce vomiting.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make silver mirrors.

In its ester form, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in the dyeing of textiles.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in the tanning of leather.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in candies.
In its cream form, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a stabilizer in food.

Food industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as acidifier and natural preservative for marmalades, ice cream, jellies, juices, preserves, and beverages.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as effervescent for carbonated water.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as emulsifier and preservative in the bread-making industry and in the preparation of candies and sweets.

Oenology:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an acidifier.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in musts and wines to prepare wines that are more balanced from the point of view of taste, the result being an increase in their degree of acidity and a decrease in their pH content.

Pharmaceuticals industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an excipient for the preparation of effervescent tablets.

Construction industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in cement, plaster, and plaster of Paris to retard drying and facilitate the handling of these materials.

Cosmetics industry:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a basic component of many natural body crèmes.

Chemical sector:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in galvanic baths.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in electronics industry.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as mordant in the textile industry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an anti-oxidant in industrial greases.

Industry Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Consumer Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Electroplating
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Leather Tanning and Processing
Photographic Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Usage Areas of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, this crystalline acid, is commonly seen in plants and fruits.
The chemical formula of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an organic acid, is C4H6O6 and its density is 1.788g/cm.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in different branches of industry, especially industry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is generally preferred for the fermentation of wine and is formed as a byproduct of potassium during fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is frequently used in wool dyeing, polishing, gelatin, desserts and sodas.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is mostly found in grape fruits, also occurs in some fruits other than grapes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is formed from the mixture of raceme, is called levo.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids are among the water-soluble dicarboxylic acids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to give a sour taste to foods.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, E334, is a good antioxidant.

The most common use of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is in soda production.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is used to flavor soda, is an indispensable component of soda.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is preferred for dyeing wool.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be used for polishing, polishing and cleaning metals.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to release carbon dioxide in bakery products.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, an indispensable ingredient in gelatin desserts, is generally preferred as a thickener in products such as meringue, Turkish delight and whipped cream.

The form of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid obtained from grapes is generally preferred in pastry.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be preferred over baking powder for rising cakes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, which is frequently found in fruits and has a tart and strong taste, is preferred for winemaking and fermentation of wine.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in making marmalade and jams.

Applications of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and its derivatives have a plethora of uses in the field of pharmaceuticals.
For example, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has been used in the production of effervescent salts, in combination with citric acid, to improve the taste of oral medications.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also has several applications for industrial use.

The acid has been observed to chelate metal ions such as calcium and magnesium.
Therefore, the acid has served in the farming and metal industries as a chelating agent for complexing micronutrients in soil fertilizer and for cleaning metal surfaces consisting of aluminium, copper, iron, and alloys of these metals, respectively.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in fuels and fuel additives, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and lubricant additives, coating agents and surface treatment agents.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in processing aids and petroleum production specific processing aids.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in ink, toner and coloring products, laboratory use, lubricants and greases.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is found in cream of tartar, which is used in making candies and frostings for cakes.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also used in baking powder where 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid serves as the source of acid that reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas and lets products “rise,” but 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid does so without the “yeast” taste that can result from using active yeast cultures as a source of the carbon dioxide gas.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in the making of Rochelle Salt, which is sometimes used as a laxative.
Blue prints are made with ferric tartarte as the source of the blue ink.

In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.
Common esters of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are diethyl tartarate and dibutyl tartrate.
Both are made by reacting 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with the appropriate alcohol, ethanol or n-butanol.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in wine:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid may be most immediately recognizable to wine drinkers as the source of "wine diamonds", the small potassium bitartrate crystals that sometimes form spontaneously on the cork or bottom of the bottle.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid plays an important role chemically, lowering the pH of fermenting "must" to a level where many undesirable spoilage bacteria cannot live, and acting as a preservative after fermentation.
In the mouth, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid provides some of the tartness in the wine, although citric and malic acids also play a role.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in fruits:
Grapes and tamarinds have the highest levels of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid concentration.
Other fruits with 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are bananas, avocados, prickly pear fruit, apples, cherries, papayas, peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries, mangoes and citrus fruits.

Results from a study showed that in citrus (oranges, lemons and mandarins), fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.

Trace amounts of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid have been found in cranberries and other berries.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is also present in the leaves and pods of Pelargonium plants and beans.

Retarding Agent:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is widely used as a retarding agent in oilfield applications as well as in cementitious-based systems.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid works by slowing the setting of cement by impeding certain reactions during the hydration of the cement process.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid retards various steps, including ettringite formation and C3A hydration.

Food Additive:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also has many uses in the food industry.
As an acidulant, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid offers a pleasant sour taste and gives food a sharp flavor.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid also serves as a preservative food agent and can help set gels.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is usually added to most products, including carbonated beverages, gelatin, fruit jellies, and effervescent tablets.
This acid is also used as an ingredient in candy and various brands of baking powders and leavening systems to make goods rise.

Industrial Applications:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has many industrial applications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s used in gold and silver plating, making blue ink for blueprints, tanning leather, and cleaning and polishing metals.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s also one of the ingredients in Rochelle Salt, which is luxuriant and reacts with silver nitrate to form the silvering in mirrors.

Commercial Application:
The by-products obtained from the fermentation of wine during the production of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid are heated with calcium hydroxide.
This causes calcium tartrate to develop a residue, which is further treated with sulfuric acid to form a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid and calcium sulfate.
Once the mixture is separated, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is purified and used for commercial production.

Other 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid uses include pharmaceutical applications to produce effervescent salt that helps enhance the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid’s also used in the metals and farming industry as a chelating agent for cleaning metal surfaces and adding nutrients to the soil.

Derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Important derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid include:
Sodium ammonium tartrate, the first material separated into 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid enantiomers
Cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate), used in cooking
Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), which has unusual optical properties
Tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate), a resolving agent.
Diisopropyl tartrate is used as a co-catalyst in asymmetric synthesis.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.
As a food additive, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used as an antioxidant with E number E334; 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acids are other additives serving as antioxidants or emulsifiers.

Production of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is industrially produced in the largest amounts.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is obtained from lees, a solid byproduct of fermentations.
The former byproducts mostly consist of potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6).

This potassium salt is converted to calcium tartrate (CaC4H4O6) upon treatment with calcium hydroxide "milk of lime" (Ca(OH)2):
KH(C4H4O6) + Ca(OH)2 -> Ca(C4H4O6) + KOH + H2O

In practice, higher yields of calcium tartrate are obtained with the addition of calcium chloride.

Calcium tartrate is then converted to 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid by treating the salt with aqueous sulfuric acid:
Ca(C4H4O6) + H2SO4 -> H2(C4H4O6) + CaSO4

Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be prepared in a multistep reaction from maleic acid.

In the first step, the maleic acid is epoxidized by hydrogen peroxide using potassium tungstate as a catalyst.
HO2CC2H2CO2H + H2O2 → OC2H2(CO2H) 2

In the next step, the epoxide is hydrolyzed.
OC2H2(CO2H)2 + H2O → (HOCH)2(CO2H)2

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
A mixture of racemic acid and meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is formed when dextro-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is heated in water at 165 °C for about 2 days.

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can also be prepared from dibromosuccinic acid using silver hydroxide:
HO2CCHBrCHBrCO2H + 2 AgOH → HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + 2 AgBr

meso-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid can be separated from residual racemic acid by crystallization, the racemate being less soluble.

General Manufacturing Information of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Construction
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Stereochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Naturally occurring form of the acid is dextro 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Because 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is available naturally, 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is cheaper than its enantiomer and the meso isomer.

Dextro and levo form monoclinic sphenoidal crystals and orthorhombic crystals.
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid forms monoclinic and triclinic crystals (space group P1).

Anhydrous meso 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid form two anhydrous polymorphs: triclinic and orthorhombic.
Monohydrated meso 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid crystallizes as monoclinic and triclinic polymorphys depending on the temperature at which crystallization from aqueous solution occurs.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid in Fehling's solution binds to copper(II) ions, preventing the formation of insoluble hydroxide salts.

History of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid has been known to winemakers for centuries.
However, the chemical process for extraction was developed in 1769 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid played an important role in the discovery of chemical chirality.
This property of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid was first observed in 1832 by Jean Baptiste Biot, who observed 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid ability to rotate polarized light.

Louis Pasteur continued this research in 1847 by investigating the shapes of sodium ammonium tartrate crystals, which he found to be chiral.
By manually sorting the differently shaped crystals, Pasteur was the first to produce a pure sample of levo2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Pharmacodynamics:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.
Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography.
In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death.

Route of Elimination:
Only about 15-20% of consumed 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid is secreted in the urine unchanged.

Metabolism / Metabolites:
Most tartarate that is consumed by humans is metabolized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the large instestine.

Human Metabolite Information of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Adipose Tissue
Platelet
Prostate

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm

Reactivity of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, can participate in several reactions.

As shown the reaction scheme below, dihydroxymaleic acid is produced upon treatment of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a ferrous salt.
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + H2O2 → HO2CC(OH)C(OH)CO2H + 2 H2O

Dihydroxymaleic acid can then be oxidized to 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid with nitric acid.

Accidental Release Measures of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Spillage Disposal:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
CAS Number:
R,R-isomer: 87-69-4
S,S-isomer: 147-71-7
racemic: 133-37-9
meso-isomer: 147-73-9
ChEBI: CHEBI:15674

ChEMBL:
ChEMBL333714
ChEMBL1200861

ChemSpider: 852
DrugBank: DB01694
ECHA InfoCard: 100.121.903
E number: E334 (antioxidants, ...)
KEGG: C00898
MeSH: tartaric+acid
PubChem CID: 875 unspecified isomer
UNII: W4888I119H
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5046986
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES: O=C(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)O

CAS number: 147-71-7
EC number: 205-695-6
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₆
Chemical formula: HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH
Molar Mass: 150.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 12 00

CAS: 87-69-4
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09
MDL Number: MFCD00064207
InChI Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 444305
ChEBI: CHEBI:15671
SMILES: OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Chemical formula:
C4H6O6 (basic formula)
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H (structural formula)

Molar mass: 150.087 g/mol
Appearance: White powder

Density:
1.737 g/cm3 (R,R- and S,S-)
1.79 g/cm3 (racemate)
1.886 g/cm3 (meso)

Melting point:
169, 172 °C (R,R- and S,S-)
206 °C (racemate)
165-6 °C (meso)

Solubility in water:
1.33 kg/L (L or D-tartaric)
0.21 kg/L (DL, racemic)
1.25 kg/L ("meso")

Acidity (pKa): L(+) 25 °C: pKa1= 2.89, pKa2= 4.40
meso 25 °C: pKa1= 3.22, pKa2= 4.85
Conjugate base: Bitartrate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −67.5·10−6 cm3/mol

Density: 1.8 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 210 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: 172 - 174 °C
Solubility: 1394 g/l

grade: ACS reagent
Quality Level: 200
vapor density: 5.18 (vs air)
Assay: ≥99.5%

form:
crystalline powder
crystals

optical activity: [α]20/D +12.4°, c = 20 in H2O
optical purity: ee: 99% (GLC)
autoignition temp.: 797 °F

impurities:
≤0.002% S compounds
≤0.005% insolubles

ign. residue: ≤0.02%
mp: 170-172 °C (lit.)

anion traces:
chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
oxalate (C2O42-): passes test
phosphate (PO43-): ≤0.001%

cation traces:
Fe: ≤5 ppm
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm

SMILES string: O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m1/s1
InChI key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N

Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 115Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 134
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 166 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 169 °C
Spec. rotation [α²0/D (c=10 in water): -14.0 - -12.0 °
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 168.0°C to 172.0°C
Color: White or Colorless
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Linear Formula: HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 1390g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: soluble in methanol, ethanol, propanol and, glycerol, 4g/L ether, insoluble in chloroform
IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid
Formula Weight: 150.09
Percent Purity: ≥99%
Quantity: 500 g
Flash Point: 210°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Loss on Drying: 0.5% (1g, 105°C) max.
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Physical Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L(+)-Tartaric acid

Related compounds of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:
2,3-Butanediol
Cichoric acid

Other cations:
Monosodium tartrate
Disodium tartrate
Monopotassium tartrate
Dipotassium tartrate

Related carboxylic acids:
Butyric acid
Succinic acid
Dimercaptosuccinic acid
Malic acid
Maleic acid
Fumaric acid

Names of 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid

Other names:
Tartaric acid
2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid
Threaric acid
Racemic acid
Uvic acid
Paratartaric acid
Winestone
2,3-DIHYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.

CAS Number: 87-69-4
EC Number: 205-695-6
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09

Synonyms: (+)-L-Tartaric acid, (+)-Tartaric acid, 87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, L-Tartaric acid, L(+)-Tartaric acid, tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, (R,R)-Tartaric acid, Threaric acid, L-threaric acid, Dextrotartaric acid, Natural tartaric acid, Acidum tartaricum, DL-Tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, (+)-(R,R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-, Rechtsweinsaeure, Kyselina vinna, (2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, (R,R)-(+)-Tartaric acid, tartrate, Succinic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy, Weinsteinsaeure, L-2,3-Dihydroxybutanedioic acid, 133-37-9, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, 1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, EINECS 201-766-0, (+)-Weinsaeure, NSC 62778, FEMA No. 3044, INS NO.334, DTXSID8023632, UNII-W4888I119H, CHEBI:15671, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova, AI3-06298, Lamb protein (fungal), INS-334, (+/-)-Tartaric Acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (2R,3R)-, (R,R)-tartrate, NSC-62778, W4888I119H, Tartaric acid (VAN), Kyselina vinna [Czech], DTXCID203632, E 334, E-334, RR-tartaric acid, (+)-(2R,3R)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid, L-(+)-, EC 201-766-0, TARTARIC ACID (L(+)-), Tartaric acid [USAN:JAN], Weinsaeure, BAROS COMPONENT TARTARIC ACID, L-2,3-DIHYDROXYSUCCINIC ACID, MFCD00064207, C4H6O6, L-tartarate, 4J4Z8788N8, 138508-61-9, (2R,3R)-2,3-Dihydroxybernsteinsaeure, TARTARIC ACID COMPONENT OF BAROS, Resolvable tartaric acid, d-alpha,beta-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID (II), TARTARIC ACID [II], 144814-09-5, Kyselina 2,3-dihydroxybutandiova [Czech], REL-(2R,3R)-2,3-DIHYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID, TARTARIC ACID (MART.), TARTARIC ACID [MART.], (1R,2R)-1,2-Dihydroxyethane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, TARTARIC ACID (USP-RS), TARTARIC ACID [USP-RS], BUTANEDIOIC ACID, 2,3-DIHYDROXY-, (R-(R*,R*))-, Tartaric acid D,L, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy- (R-(R*,R*))-, TARTARIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), TARTARIC ACID [EP MONOGRAPH], Tartarate, DL-TARTARICACID, 132517-61-4, L(+) tartaric acid, (2RS,3RS)-Tartaric acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Traubensaeure, Vogesensaeure, Weinsaure, acide tartrique, acido tartarico, tartaric-acid, para-Weinsaeure, L-Threaric aci, 4ebt, NSC 148314, NSC-148314, (r,r)-tartarate, (+)-tartarate, l(+)tartaric acid, Tartaric acid; L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Tartaric acid (TN), (+-)-Tartaric acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-, L-(+) tartaric acid, (2R,3R)-Tartarate, 1d5r, DL TARTARIC ACID, TARTARICUM ACIDUM, 2,3-dihydroxy-succinate, TARTARIC ACID,DL-, SCHEMBL5762, TARTARIC ACID, DL-, Tartaric acid (JP17/NF), TARTARIC ACID [FCC], TARTARIC ACID [JAN], d-a,b-Dihydroxysuccinic acid, TARTARIC ACID [INCI], MLS001336057, L-TARTARIC ACID [MI], TARTARIC ACID [VANDF], DL-TARTARIC ACID [MI], CCRIS 8978, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS, TARTARIC ACID [WHO-DD], CHEMBL1236315, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioXtra, TARTARICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], UNII-4J4Z8788N8, (2R,3R)-2,3-tartaric acid, CHEBI:26849, HMS2270G22, Pharmakon1600-01300044, TARTARIC ACID, DL- [II], TARTARIC ACID, (+/-)-, TARTARIC ACID,DL- [VANDF], HY-Y0293, STR02377, TARTARIC ACID [ORANGE BOOK], EINECS 205-105-7, Tox21_300155, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxysuccinicacid, NSC759609, s6233, AKOS016843282, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.5%, CS-W020107, DB09459, NSC-759609, (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-succinic acid, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-; Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R-(R*,R*))-, CAS-87-69-4, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, AR, >=99%, (R*,R*)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NCGC00247911-01, NCGC00254043-01, BP-31012, SMR000112492, SBI-0207063.P001, (2R,3R)-rel-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, NS00074184, T0025, EN300-72271, (R*,R*)-(+-)-2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid, C00898, D00103, D70248, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, BioUltra, >=99.5% (T), J-500964, J-520420, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, ReagentPlus(R), >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, SAJ first grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, tested according to Ph.Eur., Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (R*,R*)-(+-)-, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, JIS special grade, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, natural, >=99.7%, FCC, FG, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, 99.0%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 99%, Q18226455, F8880-9012, Z1147451717, Butanedioic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-, (theta,theta)-(+-)-, 000189E3-11D0-4B0A-8C7B-31E02A48A51F, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, puriss. p.a., ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), Tartaric acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ACS reagent, >=99.5%, L-(+)-Tartaric acid, p.a., ACS reagent, reag. ISO, reag. Ph. Eur., 99.5%, Tartaric Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an organic acid found in many vegetables and fruits such as bananas, and grapes, but also in bananas, citrus, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also known as Racemic acid or Tartaric acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid which is crystalline white.
Baking powder is a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid with sodium bicarbonate.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is widely used in the field of pharmaceuticals.
High doses of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can lead to paralysis or death.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a tetraric acid, which is butanedioic acid substituted with hydroxy groups at the 2 and 3 positions.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has a role as a human xenobiotic metabolite and a plant metabolite.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a conjugate acid of 3-carboxy-2,3-dihydroxypropanoate.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white, crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many fruits, most notably in grapes, but also in tamarinds, bananas, avocados and citrus.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid salt, potassium bitartrate, commonly known as cream of tartar, develops naturally in the process of fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as baking powder used as a leavening agent in food preparation.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid itself is added to foods as an antioxidant E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an organic acid that naturally occurs in many fruits, most notably in grapes but also in bananas and citrus fruits.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white, crystalline solid which can easily be dissolved in water.

Approx. 50 % of the produced 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is subsequently used by the food and pharmaceutical industry, the other half is used in technical applications.
When added to food or beverage products, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is denoted by E-number E 334.

Besides that, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid and its derivatives are often used in the field of pharmaceuticals or as a chelating agent in the farming and metal industry.

Naturally occurring 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a useful raw material in organic chemical synthesis.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white crystalline organic acid that occurs naturally in many plants, most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid, is diprotic and aldaric in acid characteristics, and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white crystalline diprotic organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid occurs naturally in many plants, particularly in grapes, bananas, and tamarinds.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can be added to food when a sour taste is desired.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also used as an antioxidant.

Salts of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid are known as tartarates.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a dihydroxy derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is found in cream of tartar and baking powder.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in Rochelle Salt.
In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a naturally occurring dicarboxylic acid containing two stereocenters.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid exists as a pair of enantiomers and an achiral meso compound.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is present in many fruits (fruit acid), and 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid monopotassium salt is found as a deposit during the fermentation of grape juice.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a historical compound, dating back to when Louis Pasteur separated 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid into two enantiomers with a magnifying lens and a pair of tweezers more than 160 years ago.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has a stronger, sharper taste than citric acid.
Although 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is renowned for its natural occurrence in grapes, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid also occurs in apples, cherries, papaya, peach, pear, pineapple, strawberries, mangos, and citrus fruits.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used preferentially in foods containing cranberries or grapes, notably wines, jellies, and confectioneries.
Commercially, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is prepared from the waste products of the wine industry and is more expensive than most acidulants, including citric and malic acids.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is one of the least antimicrobial of the organic acids known to inactivate fewer microorganisms and inhibit less microbial growth in comparison with most other organic acids (including acetic, ascorbic, benzoic, citric, formic, fumaric, lactic, levulinic, malic, and propionic acids) in the published scientific literature.
Furthermore, when dissolved in hard water, undesirable insoluble precipitates of calcium tartrate can form.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an abundant constituent of many fruits such as grapes and bananas and exhibits a slightly astringent and refreshing sour taste.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is one of the main acids found in wine.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is added to other foods to give a sour taste and is normally used with other acids such as citric acid and malic acid as an additive in soft drinks, candies, and so on.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is produced by acid hydrolysis of calcium tartrate, which is prepared from potassium tartrate obtained as a by-product during wine production.
Optically active 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used for the chiral resolution of amines and also as an asymmetric catalyst.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is the most water-soluble of the solid acidulants.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid contributes a strong tart taste that enhances fruit flavors, particularly grape and lime.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is often used as an acidulant in grape- and lime-flavored beverages, gelatin desserts, jams, jellies, and hard sour confectionery.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, a dicarboxylic acid, one of the most widely distributed of plant acids, with a number of food and industrial uses.
Along with several of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid salts, cream of tartar (potassium hydrogen tartrate) and Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is obtained from by-products of wine fermentation.

Study of the crystallographic, chemical, and optical properties of the 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acids by French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur laid the basis for modern ideas of stereoisomerism.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is widely used as an acidulant in carbonated drinks, effervescent tablets, gelatin desserts, and fruit jellies.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has many industrial applications—e.g., in cleaning and polishing metals, in calico printing, in wool dyeing, and in certain photographic printing and development processes.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in silvering mirrors, in processing cheese, and in compounding mild cathartics.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is incorporated into baking powders, hard candies, and taffies; and 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is employed in the cleaning of brass, the electrolytic tinning of iron and steel, and the coating of other metals with gold and silver.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an organic acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also known as Racemic acid or Tartaric acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is in use to generate carbon dioxide.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a diprotic aldaric acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is an alpha-hydroxy-carboxylic acid and is a dihydroxyl derivative of succinic acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is widely in use in the field of pharmaceuticals.
A High dose of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can affect our body to a great extent.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a white and crystalline that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables and most notably in grapes.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also present in bananas, tamarinds, and citrus.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is commonly mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is sold as a baking powder that is in use as a leavening agent in food preparation.
The 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is added to foods being an antioxidant i.e., E334 and to impart 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid distinctive sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, sometimes called Tartaric acid, is an organic compound that naturally occurs in plants, wine, and many fruits, such as grapes, tamarinds, citrus, and bananas.
The acid is available as a white solid that’s soluble in water.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid salt, commonly referred to as cream of tartar, is created naturally through fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is made from potassium acid tartrate obtained from different by-products of the wine industry, such as lees, argol, and press cakes from fermented grape juice.
This dibasic acid is usually mixed with sodium bicarbonate and is available as baking powder commonly used as a food additive.

Uses of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is Levo form of dextrorotatory 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is found throughout nature and classified as a fruit acid.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in soft drinks and foods, as an acidulant, complexing agent, pharmaceutic aid (buffering agent), in photography, tanning, ceramics, and to make tartrates.
Diethyl and dibutyl ester derivatives are commercially significant for use in lacquers and in textile printing.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an intermediate, in construction and ceramics applications, in cleaning products, cosmetics/personal care products, and metal surface treatments (including galvanic and electroplating products).
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as a flavoring agent, anticaking agent, drying agent, firming agent, humectant, leavening agent, and pH control agent for foods.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to improve the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to chelate metal ions such as magnesium and calcium.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in recipes as a leavening agent along with baking soda.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an antioxidant.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is as one of the important acids in wine.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in foods to give a sour taste.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is sometimes used to induce vomiting.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to make silver mirrors.

In its ester form, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in the dyeing of textiles.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in the tanning of leather.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in candies.
In its cream form, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as a stabilizer in food.

Food industry:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as acidifier and natural preservative for marmalades, ice cream, jellies, juices, preserves, and beverages.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as effervescent for carbonated water.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as emulsifier and preservative in the bread-making industry and in the preparation of candies and sweets.

Oenology:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an acidifier.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in musts and wines to prepare wines that are more balanced from the point of view of taste, the result being an increase in their degree of acidity and a decrease in their pH content.

Pharmaceuticals industry:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an excipient for the preparation of effervescent tablets.

Construction industry:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in cement, plaster, and plaster of Paris to retard drying and facilitate the handling of these materials.

Cosmetics industry:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as a basic component of many natural body crèmes.

Chemical sector:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in galvanic baths.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in electronics industry.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as mordant in the textile industry.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an anti-oxidant in industrial greases.

Industry Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Consumer Uses:
Processing aids not otherwise specified

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Electroplating
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Leather Tanning and Processing
Photographic Processing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Usage Areas of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, this crystalline acid, is commonly seen in plants and fruits.
The chemical formula of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, an organic acid, is C4H6O6 and its density is 1.788g/cm.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in different branches of industry, especially industry.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is generally preferred for the fermentation of wine and is formed as a byproduct of potassium during fermentation.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is frequently used in wool dyeing, polishing, gelatin, desserts and sodas.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, which is mostly found in grape fruits, also occurs in some fruits other than grapes.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, which is formed from the mixture of raceme, is called levo.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acids are among the water-soluble dicarboxylic acids.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to give a sour taste to foods.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, E334, is a good antioxidant.

The most common use of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is in soda production.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, which is used to flavor soda, is an indispensable component of soda.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is preferred for dyeing wool.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can be used for polishing, polishing and cleaning metals.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to release carbon dioxide in bakery products.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, an indispensable ingredient in gelatin desserts, is generally preferred as a thickener in products such as meringue, Turkish delight and whipped cream.

The form of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid obtained from grapes is generally preferred in pastry.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can be preferred over baking powder for rising cakes.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, which is frequently found in fruits and has a tart and strong taste, is preferred for winemaking and fermentation of wine.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in making marmalade and jams.

Applications of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid and its derivatives have a plethora of uses in the field of pharmaceuticals.
For example, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has been used in the production of effervescent salts, in combination with citric acid, to improve the taste of oral medications.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid also has several applications for industrial use.

The acid has been observed to chelate metal ions such as calcium and magnesium.
Therefore, the acid has served in the farming and metal industries as a chelating agent for complexing micronutrients in soil fertilizer and for cleaning metal surfaces consisting of aluminium, copper, iron, and alloys of these metals, respectively.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in fuels and fuel additives, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and lubricant additives, coating agents and surface treatment agents.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in processing aids and petroleum production specific processing aids.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in ink, toner and coloring products, laboratory use, lubricants and greases.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is found in cream of tartar, which is used in making candies and frostings for cakes.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also used in baking powder where 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid serves as the source of acid that reacts with sodium bicarbonate (baking soda).
This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas and lets products “rise,” but 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid does so without the “yeast” taste that can result from using active yeast cultures as a source of the carbon dioxide gas.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used in silvering mirrors, tanning leather, and in the making of Rochelle Salt, which is sometimes used as a laxative.
Blue prints are made with ferric tartarte as the source of the blue ink.

In medical analysis, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to make solutions for the determination of glucose.
Common esters of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid are diethyl tartarate and dibutyl tartrate.
Both are made by reacting 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid with the appropriate alcohol, ethanol or n-butanol.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid in wine:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid may be most immediately recognizable to wine drinkers as the source of "wine diamonds", the small potassium bitartrate crystals that sometimes form spontaneously on the cork or bottom of the bottle.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid plays an important role chemically, lowering the pH of fermenting "must" to a level where many undesirable spoilage bacteria cannot live, and acting as a preservative after fermentation.
In the mouth, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid provides some of the tartness in the wine, although citric and malic acids also play a role.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid in fruits:
Grapes and tamarinds have the highest levels of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid concentration.
Other fruits with 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid are bananas, avocados, prickly pear fruit, apples, cherries, papayas, peaches, pears, pineapples, strawberries, mangoes and citrus fruits.

Results from a study showed that in citrus (oranges, lemons and mandarins), fruits produced in organic farming contain higher levels of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid than fruits produced in conventional agriculture.

Trace amounts of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid have been found in cranberries and other berries.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is also present in the leaves and pods of Pelargonium plants and beans.

Retarding Agent:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is widely used as a retarding agent in oilfield applications as well as in cementitious-based systems.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid works by slowing the setting of cement by impeding certain reactions during the hydration of the cement process.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid retards various steps, including ettringite formation and C3A hydration.

Food Additive:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid also has many uses in the food industry.
As an acidulant, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid offers a pleasant sour taste and gives food a sharp flavor.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid also serves as a preservative food agent and can help set gels.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is usually added to most products, including carbonated beverages, gelatin, fruit jellies, and effervescent tablets.
This acid is also used as an ingredient in candy and various brands of baking powders and leavening systems to make goods rise.

Industrial Applications:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has many industrial applications.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid’s used in gold and silver plating, making blue ink for blueprints, tanning leather, and cleaning and polishing metals.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid’s also one of the ingredients in Rochelle Salt, which is luxuriant and reacts with silver nitrate to form the silvering in mirrors.

Commercial Application:
The by-products obtained from the fermentation of wine during the production of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid are heated with calcium hydroxide.
This causes calcium tartrate to develop a residue, which is further treated with sulfuric acid to form a mixture of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid and calcium sulfate.
Once the mixture is separated, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is purified and used for commercial production.

Other 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid uses include pharmaceutical applications to produce effervescent salt that helps enhance the taste of oral medications.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid’s also used in the metals and farming industry as a chelating agent for cleaning metal surfaces and adding nutrients to the soil.

Derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Important derivatives of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid include:
Sodium ammonium tartrate, the first material separated into 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid enantiomers
Cream of tartar (potassium bitartrate), used in cooking
Rochelle salt (potassium sodium tartrate), which has unusual optical properties
Tartar emetic (antimony potassium tartrate), a resolving agent.
Diisopropyl tartrate is used as a co-catalyst in asymmetric synthesis.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is a muscle toxin, which works by inhibiting the production of malic acid, and in high doses causes paralysis and death.
As a food additive, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used as an antioxidant with E number E334; 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acids are other additives serving as antioxidants or emulsifiers.

Production of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is industrially produced in the largest amounts.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is obtained from lees, a solid byproduct of fermentations.
The former byproducts mostly consist of potassium bitartrate (KHC4H4O6).

This potassium salt is converted to calcium tartrate (CaC4H4O6) upon treatment with calcium hydroxide "milk of lime" (Ca(OH)2):
KH(C4H4O6) + Ca(OH)2 -> Ca(C4H4O6) + KOH + H2O

In practice, higher yields of calcium tartrate are obtained with the addition of calcium chloride.

Calcium tartrate is then converted to 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid by treating the salt with aqueous sulfuric acid:
Ca(C4H4O6) + H2SO4 -> H2(C4H4O6) + CaSO4

Racemic 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can be prepared in a multistep reaction from maleic acid.

In the first step, the maleic acid is epoxidized by hydrogen peroxide using potassium tungstate as a catalyst.
HO2CC2H2CO2H + H2O2 → OC2H2(CO2H) 2

In the next step, the epoxide is hydrolyzed.
OC2H2(CO2H)2 + H2O → (HOCH)2(CO2H)2

meso-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
A mixture of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid and meso-Tartaric acid is formed when dextro-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is heated in water at 165 °C for about 2 days.

meso-2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid can also be prepared from dibromosuccinic acid using silver hydroxide:
HO2CCHBrCHBrCO2H + 2 AgOH → HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + 2 AgBr

meso-Tartaric acid can be separated from residual 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid by crystallization, the racemate being less soluble.

General Manufacturing Information of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Construction
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable

Stereochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
Naturally occurring form of the acid is dextro 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.
Because 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is available naturally, 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is cheaper than its enantiomer and the meso isomer.

Dextro and levo form monoclinic sphenoidal crystals and orthorhombic crystals.
Racemic 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid forms monoclinic and triclinic crystals (space group P1).

Anhydrous meso 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid form two anhydrous polymorphs: triclinic and orthorhombic.
Monohydrated meso 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid crystallizes as monoclinic and triclinic polymorphys depending on the temperature at which crystallization from aqueous solution occurs.
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid in Fehling's solution binds to copper(II) ions, preventing the formation of insoluble hydroxide salts.

History of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid has been known to winemakers for centuries.
However, the chemical process for extraction was developed in 1769 by the Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid played an important role in the discovery of chemical chirality.
This property of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid was first observed in 1832 by Jean Baptiste Biot, who observed 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid ability to rotate polarized light.

Louis Pasteur continued this research in 1847 by investigating the shapes of sodium ammonium tartrate crystals, which he found to be chiral.
By manually sorting the differently shaped crystals, Pasteur was the first to produce a pure sample of levo2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.

Pharmacology and Biochemistry of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Pharmacodynamics:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is used to generate carbon dioxide through interaction with sodium bicarbonate following oral administration.
Carbon dioxide extends the stomach and provides a negative contrast medium during double contrast radiography.
In high doses, this agent acts as a muscle toxin by inhibiting the production of malic acid, which could cause paralysis and maybe death.

Route of Elimination:
Only about 15-20% of consumed 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid is secreted in the urine unchanged.

Metabolism / Metabolites:
Most tartarate that is consumed by humans is metabolized by bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the large instestine.

Human Metabolite Information of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Tissue Locations:
Adipose Tissue
Platelet
Prostate

Cellular Locations:
Cytoplasm

Reactivity of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid, can participate in several reactions.

As shown the reaction scheme below, dihydroxymaleic acid is produced upon treatment of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a ferrous salt.
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H + H2O2 → HO2CC(OH)C(OH)CO2H + 2 H2O

Dihydroxymaleic acid can then be oxidized to 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid with nitric acid.

Accidental Release Measures of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Spillage Disposal:

Personal protection:
Particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid.
Sweep spilled substance into covered containers.

If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting.
Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Identifiers of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
CAS Number:
R,R-isomer: 87-69-4
S,S-isomer: 147-71-7
racemic: 133-37-9
meso-isomer: 147-73-9
ChEBI: CHEBI:15674

ChEMBL:
ChEMBL333714
ChEMBL1200861

ChemSpider: 852
DrugBank: DB01694
ECHA InfoCard: 100.121.903
E number: E334 (antioxidants, ...)
KEGG: C00898
MeSH: tartaric+acid
PubChem CID: 875 unspecified isomer
UNII: W4888I119H
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5046986
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)
Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYAZ
SMILES: O=C(O)C(O)C(O)C(=O)O

CAS number: 147-71-7
EC number: 205-695-6
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₆
Chemical formula: HOOCCH(OH)CH(OH)COOH
Molar Mass: 150.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 12 00

CAS: 87-69-4
Molecular Formula: C4H6O6
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 150.09
MDL Number: MFCD00064207
InChI Key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYNA-N
PubChem CID: 444305
ChEBI: CHEBI:15671
SMILES: OC(C(O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O

Properties of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
Chemical formula:
C4H6O6 (basic formula)
HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H (structural formula)

Molar mass: 150.087 g/mol
Appearance: White powder

Density:
1.737 g/cm3 (R,R- and S,S-)
1.79 g/cm3 (racemate)
1.886 g/cm3 (meso)

Melting point:
169, 172 °C (R,R- and S,S-)
206 °C (racemate)
165-6 °C (meso)

Solubility in water:
1.33 kg/L (L or D-tartaric)
0.21 kg/L (DL, racemic)
1.25 kg/L ("meso")

Acidity (pKa): L(+) 25 °C: pKa1= 2.89, pKa2= 4.40
meso 25 °C: pKa1= 3.22, pKa2= 4.85
Conjugate base: Bitartrate
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −67.5·10−6 cm3/mol

Density: 1.8 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 210 °C
Ignition temperature: 425 °C
Melting Point: 172 - 174 °C
Solubility: 1394 g/l

grade: ACS reagent
Quality Level: 200
vapor density: 5.18 (vs air)
Assay: ≥99.5%

form:
crystalline powder
crystals

optical activity: [α]20/D +12.4°, c = 20 in H2O
optical purity: ee: 99% (GLC)
autoignition temp.: 797 °F

impurities:
≤0.002% S compounds
≤0.005% insolubles

ign. residue: ≤0.02%
mp: 170-172 °C (lit.)

anion traces:
chloride (Cl-): ≤0.001%
oxalate (C2O42-): passes test
phosphate (PO43-): ≤0.001%

cation traces:
Fe: ≤5 ppm
heavy metals (as Pb): ≤5 ppm

SMILES string: O[C@H]([C@@H](O)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C4H6O6/c5-1(3(7)8)2(6)4(9)10/h1-2,5-6H,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)/t1-,2-/m1/s1
InChI key: FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N

Molecular Weight: 150.09 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 150.01643791 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 115Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Complexity: 134
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 2
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
Assay (acidimetric): ≥ 99.0 %
Melting range (lower value): ≥ 166 °C
Melting range (upper value): ≤ 169 °C
Spec. rotation [α²0/D (c=10 in water): -14.0 - -12.0 °
Identity (IR): passes test

Melting Point: 168.0°C to 172.0°C
Color: White or Colorless
Assay Percent Range: 99+%
Linear Formula: HO2CCH(OH)CH(OH)CO2H
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 1390g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: soluble in methanol, ethanol, propanol and, glycerol, 4g/L ether, insoluble in chloroform
IUPAC Name: 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid
Formula Weight: 150.09
Percent Purity: ≥99%
Quantity: 500 g
Flash Point: 210°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Loss on Drying: 0.5% (1g, 105°C) max.
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Physical Form: Crystals or Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: L(+)-Tartaric acid

Related compounds of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:
2,3-Butanediol
Cichoric acid

Other cations:
Monosodium tartrate
Disodium tartrate
Monopotassium tartrate
Dipotassium tartrate

Related carboxylic acids:
Butyric acid
Succinic acid
Dimercaptosuccinic acid
Malic acid
Maleic acid
Fumaric acid

Names of 2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2,3-dihydroxysuccinic acid

Other names:
Tartaric acid
Racemic acid
Threaric acid
Tartaric acid
Uvic acid
Paratartaric acid
Winestone
2,6-Dichloroaniline
2,6-Dichlorobenzenamine; 1-Amino-2,6-dichlorobenzene;2,6-DICHLOROANILINE; Benzenamine, 2,6-dichloro-; 2,6-dichlorobenzenamine; 2,6-dichlorophenylamine cas no: 608-31-1
2,6-Difluorobenzonitrile
Benzonitrile, 2,6-difluoro-; 2,6-Difluorbenzolcarbonitril ; 2,6-Difluorbenzonitril; 2,6-Difluorobenzonitrile ; 2,6-Difluorobenzonitrile cas no :1897-52-5
20% DBNPA (2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE)
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting, non-oxidizing biocide and is very effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a highly effective, environmentally friendly biocide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) provides a quick kill while also quickly degrading in water.

CAS Number: 10222-01-2
Molecular Formula: C3H2Br2N2O
Molecular Weight: 241.87
EINECS Number: 233-539-7

Synonyms: 2,2-DIBROMO-2-CYANOACETAMIDE, 10222-01-2, Dibromocyanoacetamide, Dbnpa, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, Acetamide, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromoacetamide, XD-7287l Antimicrobial, 2,2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, Dibromocyano acetic acid amide, Dibromonitrilopropionamide, XD-1603, 7N51QGL6MJ, DTXSID5032361, NSC-98283, Caswell No. 287AA, C3H2Br2N2O, NSC 98283, Dowicil QK 20, HSDB 6982, XD 7287L, EINECS 233-539-7, UNII-7N51QGL6MJ, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 101801, BRN 1761192, 2,2-dibromo-2-cyano-acetamide, 2,2-Dibromo-3-nitrilopropanamide, Acetamide, 2-cyano-2,2-dibromo-, Cyanodibromoacetamide, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropion amide, NCIOpen2_006184, SCHEMBL23129, 3-02-00-01641 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Acetamide,2-dibromo-2-cyano-, 2-Cyano-2,2-dibromo-Acetamide, CHEMBL1878278, DOW ANTIMICROBIAL 7287, DTXCID3012361, DIBROMOCYANOACETAMIDE [INCI], NSC98283, Tox21_300089, MFCD00129791, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 9CI, 2, 2-Dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile, 2,2-Dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide, 96%, AKOS015833850, 2,2-bis(bromanyl)-2-cyano-ethanamide, NCGC00164203-01, NCGC00164203-02, NCGC00253921-01, AS-12928, CAS-10222-01-2, DB-027512, CS-0144768, D2902, DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE, 2,2-, NS00009357, 2,2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilo propionamide (DBNPA), H11778, 2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE [HSDB], A800546, Q-102771, Q5204411, dbnpa; 2,2-dibromo-2-cyanoacetamide; 2,2-dibromo-2-carbamoylacetonitrile; 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide; dbnpa.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) acts similar to the typical halogen biocides.

The final end product is carbon dioxide and ammonium bromide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) recommends and sells DBNPA for use with DTEA II under appropriate conditions.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with other treatment chemicals with the exception of mercaptobenzothiazole.

Continuous biocide release by the tablet maintains concentrations effective for control in the tower, while the biocide in the blowdown discharge degrades quickly.
So 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)’s easy to meet strict environmental regulations on tower discharge.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has been used as a biocide in industrial water applications due to its instantaneous antimicrobial activity and rapid chemical breakdown.

In this study, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is considered a potential alternative for antibiotics used for bacterial control during corn-to-ethanol fermentation.
A method using LC/MS/MS was developed to accurately quantify DBNPA in water.
When this method was applied to quantify DBNPA concentration in a fermentation matrix, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) was found to be unstable and to decay rapidly, preventing validation of the method or quantitation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is white crystalline powder, melting point, 122-125℃,PH value, 5--5.5.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is soluble in common organic solvents (such as acetone,benzene, dimethylformamide, ethanol, polyethylene glycol, etc.),slightly soluble in water.
Under acidic conditions, its aqueous solution is more stable.

Raising the PH, heating or being exposured under UV and fluorescent light can fasten its dissolving.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in a wide variety of applications.
Some examples are in papermaking as a preservative in paper coating and slurries.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is also used as slime control on papermachines, and as a biocide in hydraulic fracturing wells and in cooling water.
The present invention provides an essentially pure compacted 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) in a granular and/or tablet and/or briquette and/ or pellet form.
The present invention further provides a process for preparing the same essentially pure compacted DBNPA.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) in the feed water of integrated membrane systems to evaluate the impact on pressure drop increase and chemical cleaning frequency.
A continuous high 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dosage of 20 mg/L on fouled membranes caused a significant decrease in cleaning frequency due to the stabilization of the pressure drop.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is 5% in concentration.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a quick-kill biocide that easily hydrolyzes under both acidic and alkaline conditions.
It is preferred for its instability in water as it quickly kills and then quickly degrades to form a number of products, depending on the conditions, including ammonia, bromide ions, dibromoacetonitrile, and dibromoacetic acid.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) acts are similar to the typical halogen biocides.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a broad-spectrum and efficient industrial bactericide used to prevent the growth and propagation of bacteria and algae in paper making, industrial circulating cooling water, lubricating oil for metal processing, pulp, wood, paint and plywood.
It can also be used as a slime control agent and is widely used in pulp and circulating cooling water systems in paper mills.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.

The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.
This degradation pathway makes the use of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) relatively environmentally friendly.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.

The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.
To assess the anti-biofouling effect, online and off-line applications of the biocide have been studied on industrial scale RO installations with a 20 ppm DBNPA concentration in the feed water.

Industrial case studies described by indicate a preventive effect of the biocide, but many details were not given.
Only very limited information on the suitability of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to control membrane biofouling under well-defined conditions is available.
The objective of this study was to determine, under well-controlled conditions, the effect of biocide 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dosage on biofouling control in membrane systems.

Preventive and curative biofouling control strategies were investigated in a series of experiments with membrane fouling simulators operated in parallel, fed with feed water supplemented with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) (1 or 20 mg/L) and a biodegradable substrate sodium acetate.
A higher substrate concentration in feed water has shown to result in a faster and larger pressure drop increase and a higher accumulated amount of biomass.
In the studies acetate was dosed as substrate to enhance the biofouling rate.

The pressure drop was monitored and autopsies were performed to quantify the accumulated material.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is understood in the membrane industry that thin film composite polyamide membranes have limited resistance to chlorine based oxidants.
Therefore, operators have relatively few options regarding chemicals which can be safely used to disinfect RO/NF systems and prevent bio growth/biofouling.

One option is the chemical, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), which is a fastacting, nonoxidizing biocide which is very effective at low concentrations in controlling the growth of aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, fungi and algae.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is an advantageous disinfectant since it also quickly degrades to carbon dioxide, ammonia and bromide ion when in an aqueous environment.
This allows the effluent to be safely discharged even in sensitive water bodies.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is degraded by reactions with water, nucleophiles, and UV light (rate is dependent on pH and temperature).
The approximate half-life is 24 hr @ pH 7, 2 hr @ pH 8, 15 min @pH 9.
The vast majority of microorganisms that come into contact with it are killed within 5 to 10 minutes.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) 98% min.assay. Highly effective against a wide range of common water borne organisms with proven efficacy against Legionella.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) will control these organisms and help to control microbiological fouling.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is designed for use in open cooling water systems, chilled water systems, process systems and other industrial water systems.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has proven efficacy against pathogenic microorganisms including Legionella, at levels required by the system, L8 (HS(G) 274), system water type, along with risk assessment data.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) degrades rapidly and naturally at increased pH & temperature levels and as such Accepta 6404 is the product of choice for systems operating under strict environmental and discharge regulations.
Increasing cooling water alkalinity presents a problem for most water treatment biocides.

However, for Accepta 6404 even at higher pH values, rapid & effective microbial control is achieved before any significant degradation occurs.
Ideal for quick, antimicrobial activity, but rapid degradation of the microbicide for minimal environmental impact.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is an off-white crystalline solid with a mild medicinal antiseptic odor.

It is slightly volatile, very soluble in water, and corrosive.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to control bacteria, fungi and slime-forming algae in cooling water systems, evaporative condensers and heat exchangers, air washing systems, pulp mill and paper manufacturing, and oil extraction drilling fluids.
It also is used as a preservative in paints, industrial coatings and adhesives, metalworking cutting fluids, and paper and paper products.

Industrial workers handling fluids with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be exposed through dermal contact and inhalation exposure to mists.
U.S. workers handling disinfectant solutions containing the compound are required to wear protective clothing and chemical-resistant gloves and aprons.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) released to the environment will be degraded in air and by exposure to direct sunlight.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is expected to move through soil.
It will chemically break down quickly in water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) also will be degraded by microorganisms.

It is not likely to build up in aquatic organisms.
People accidently exposed through spills or compound misuse of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) reported eye, throat and respiratory irritation, runny nose, and headache.
Allergic skin reactions may develop in some people following direct contact to 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide).

Direct contact with 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may damage eyes and skin due to its corrosiveness.
Labored breathing and weight loss were observed in laboratory animals repeatedly given high oral doses.
Repeated skin exposure of laboratory animals to high doses of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) caused skin damage.

Very high oral doses given laboratory animals during pregnancy caused decreased weight gain, and some of the animals died.
Skeletal birth defects were found in some offspring of surviving maternal animals exposed to this dose, and a lower, maternally non-toxic dose.
The potential of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to cause cancer in laboratory animals has not been tested.

The potential for 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to cause cancer in humans has not been assessed by the U.S. EPA IRIS program, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, or the U.S. National Toxicology Program 13th Report on Carcinogens.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is the second most commonly used biocide in UOG after glutaraldehyde.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting electrophilic biocide; it is quick and effective in contact, but the protection is not long lasting.

This biocide inhibits essential biological functions by reacting with nucleophiles (particularly sulfur-containing nucleophiles) inside the cell.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), and some of its degradation products, can also be harmful to humans and animals.
These associated compounds have been demonstrated to be moderately to highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, can be corrosive to eyes, and have been shown in terrestrial and aquatic animal studies to cause developmental issues.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is not toxic to all life, however, as it is biodegradable under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, with a reported biotic half-life of less than 4 h under both conditions at neutral pH. However, the hydrolysis and aquatic photolysis half-life of this compound are pH-dependent, with faster degradation occurring at a more alkaline pH.
For example, the abiotic half-lives of DBNPA at pH 5, 7, and 9 are 67 days, 63 h, and 73 min, respectively.

Conversely, low pH has been characteristic of Impacted streams, which thus provide favorable conditions for the stability of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) and its degradation products.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a non-oxidative agent, rapidly degrading in alkaline aqueous solutions.
The organic water content as well as light enhance the hydrolysis and debromination of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into cyanoacetamide followed by degradation into cyanoacetic acid and malonic acid, that are non-toxic compounds.

This degradation pathway makes the use of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) relatively environmentally friendly.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is compatible with polyamide based membranes and shows high rejection rates for RO membranes.

The antimicrobial effect is due to the fast reaction between DBNPA and sulfur-containing organic molecules in microorganisms such as glutathione or cysteine.
The properties of microbial cell-surface components are irreversibly altered, interrupting transport of compounds across the membrane of the bacterial cell and inhibiting key biological processes of the bacteria.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) also is not compatible with ammonia or hydrogen sulfide-containing water.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) maintains reliable control in systems running at acidic, neutral, or alkaline pH.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) degrades quickly in aqueous environments.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is completely miscible with water upon dispersion at normal use levels.

A 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) means that the solution contains 20 parts of DBNPA dissolved in a total of 100 parts of solution.
This concentration is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly as a biocide or antimicrobial agent to control microbial growth in water systems, such as cooling towers, industrial process waters, and swimming pools.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) indicates that for every 100 units of the solution, 20 units are comprised of the active ingredient, DBNPA, while the remaining 80 units are typically composed of water or another solvent.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), quick kill broad-spectrum microbiocide, fungicide and algaecide.
Microbiocide kill time measured in minutes vs. hours for other types of microbiocide agents.
The rate of this activity is not affected by pH, and antimicrobial control is rapidly achieved.

Because of its extremely rapid kill, proliferating microbes and their biofilm formation are either eliminated or significantly reduced.
Inexpensive to use – as little as 22 g treats 1000 L of water.
Safer for use in galvanized, copper and steel systems than chlorine and bromine.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), can clean up fouled systems where high levels of organics, slime and biomass are present.
This concentration is often chosen based on the desired efficacy against microbial growth balanced with considerations such as safety, cost-effectiveness, and regulatory requirements.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)'s important to follow manufacturer instructions and safety guidelines when handling and using solutions containing DBNPA, as it is a potent biocide and can be harmful if not used properly.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) for building and construction.
This biocide from DuPont is used for treating materials.

Melting point: 122-125 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 123-126 °C
Density: 2.3846 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6220 (estimate)
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,2-8°C
Water Solubility: Slightly soluble in water
solubility: DMSO (Sparingly), Methanol (Slightly)
form: powder to crystal
pka: 11.72±0.50(Predicted)
color: White to Light yellow to Light orange
Odor: antiseptic odor
Stability: Stable, but may be moisture sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: UUIVKBHZENILKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.820

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is important to note that DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide is NOT approved for online use in RO systems that produce potable and municipal water.
Due to regional differences, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) for industrial RO systems is approved and marketed in Europe under the product name of DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide.

The processing and use of industrial chemicals require adequate technical and professional knowledge.
The use of membrane filtration processes for the production of fresh and clean water has strongly increased over the last decades.
Nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) are processes removing salts, micropollutants, viruses, and microorganisms, enabling the production of high-quality water.

The membrane lifetime and operational costs are affected by fouling.
The consequence of fouling is e.g. an increased feed pressure to maintain water production, the need to perform chemical cleanings of the membranes, and eventually membrane replacement.
Four types of fouling can occur: scaling (inorganic fouling), colloid fouling, organic fouling, and biofouling.

Biofouling is most frequently encountered and most difficult to control.
Biofouling is defined as the amount of accumulated biofilm (biomass) causing unacceptable membrane performance loss.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and the true algae.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a biocide which is used in industrial water treatment, cooling systems and paper mills.
DBNPA is an efficient biocide with a rapid microbiocidal broad-spectrum activity, especially in water systems that contain high organic loads.
The main current application of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is as a liquid formulation, which contains a mixture of water and an organic solvent such as a glycol (for example, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dipropylene glycol (DPG), ethylene glycol, etc.) and others.

The active ingredient 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is only 5-25% of such liquid formulation.
The addition of an organic solvent is required for dissolution of the relatively water-insoluble 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) into a liquid formulation.
Prior art teaches the production of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) as a powdered material which can be used for the preparation of a liquid or solid formulation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)'s production and use as a bactericide and algicide in commercial water cooling and treatment systems and paper-pulp mill water systems(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).
Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 58(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.80(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).
Volatilization of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.9X10-8 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 9.0X10-4 mm Hg(2), and water solubility, 1.5X10+4 mg/L(2).

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(2).
Biodegradation in soil may be an important environmental fate process; however, degradation in soil is expected to be due to both abiotic and biotic processes(2,4).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is susceptible to aqueous hydrolysis in moist soils and susceptible to photodegradation when exposed to sunlight(2,4).

Half-lives ranged from 4 to 25 hours in 7 different soils with pH values of 4.8 to 7.5(4).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has a half-life of less than 4 hours in an anaerobic aquatic metabolism study; residues were mainly found in the aqueous layer.
Concentrations of the two main degradates 2-cyanoacetamide (reached 56% of applied within 7 days) and dibromoacetic acid (reached 27% of applied at 0 hr, 17% by day 48) were measured.

Other minor degradates include oxalic acid, bromoacetamide and dibromoactonitrile.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), dibromoacetonitrile and bromoacetamide were found in the sediment layer.
The anaerobic metabolism study includes degradation due to both biotic and abiotic mechanisms.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method.
This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm.
Less than 1% of a 4000 ppm aqueous solution of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) remained after 28 days exposure to sunlight(2); 91% of the added DBNPA was still present in the dark control after the same period of time.

Dibromoacetic acid (63.7%) is the major degradate at pH 5 (half-life of 14.8 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 38.6%) and at pH 7 (half-life of 6.9 hours; dark control forms dibromoacetic acid at 74.9%) in aqueous photolysis studies(2).
Hydrolysis half-lives of 155, 8.8, 5.8, 2.0, and 0.34 hours were measured at pH values of 6.0, 7.3, 7.7, 8.0, and 8.9, respectively(2).
The half-life of DBNPA is 67 days at pH 5, 63 hours at pH 7, and 73 minutes at pH 9(3).

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide), dibromoacetonitrile (54.5% of applied), and dibromoacetonitrile (38.6% of applied) are the major degradates at pH values of 5, 7, and 9, respectively(3).
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control bacteria and reduce biofouling in various membrane system types (reverse osmosis, ultra- filtration, nano-filtration, and microfiltration) used for industrial water processing.
Acceptable industrial applications include reverse osmosis systems for the production of boiler make-up water for electric power production, electronic component rinsing, and in chemical manufacturing industry.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can also be used for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) , has proven efficacy at low concentrations against bacteria, fungi, yeast, cyanobacteria (also referred to as blue-green algae) and true algae.
The 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) molecule will function immediately upon introduction into the feed water and antimicrobial control is rapidly achieved if properly dosed.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) offers an advantageous combination of quick kill properties followed by fast chemical degradation, including hydrolysis.
The dominant degradation pathway at use conditions invloves reactions with nucleophilic substances or organic material invariably found in water.
Nucleophilic degradation forms cyanoacetamide.

When the disposal of concentrate involves the release to large open waterways, additional degradation will occur via exposure to UV-radiation.
When sufficiently diluted, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) and its degradation products become biodegradable.
The ultimate degradation products formed from both chemical and biodegradation processes of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) include ammonia, carbon dioxide, and bromide ions.

Therefore, meeting the local environmental regulations for the permitted discharge of the reject stream should not be affected with DBNPA use.
In other approved regions of the world, it is marketed under the name DBNPA 20 Water Treatment Microbiocide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is technical grade 2.2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide.

It is only registered for non-fifra use in the US.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a quick-kill biocide.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is stable under normal conditions.

Avoid process temperatures of 70°C (158°F) or higher and use of strong reducing agents.
Please refer to the safety data sheet of this product for precise handling instructions.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is incompatible with bases, metals, oxidizing agents, acids. Dangerous gases may accumulate as a result of ignition and fire.

Vapors, including cyanogen bromide, may be present in unvented containers.
These vapors may be irritating to the upper respiratory tract of workers, who allow their mouth or nose to get close to the container opening.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be stored for 12 months under normal temperature conditions.

Biofouling of RO membranes is a common problem for many membrane filtration systems that source water from open ocean intakes, seawater wells, brackish river water, and other surface waters that contain naturally occurring organic matter.
The limiting factor to biofouling control is the incompatibility of the polyamide thin-film composite RO membrane to chlorine exposure, as well as exposure to other oxidizing chemicals commonly used for process water disinfection.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used to control bacteria and reduce biofouling in various membrane system types (reverse osmosis, ultra-filtration, nano-filtration, and microfiltration) used for industrial water processing.

Acceptable industrial applications include reverse osmosis systems for the production of boiler make-up water for electric power production, electronic component rinsing, and the chemical manufacturing industry.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can also be used for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) Water Treatment Microbiocide is for use in RO systems in the industrial market and for off-line cleaning of RO membranes producing potable and municipal water.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) biocide solution.
Fast-acting, broad-spectrum biocide for treating raw materials, process water, and contaminated products and systems.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) chemical name is 2.2-Dibromo-3-Nitrilopropion Amide.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) Microbicide offers broad-spectrum control of bacteria, fungi, and algae.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is quick-acting and breaks down rapidly into non-hazardous materials.
Active Ingredient 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide)e.

The advantages of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) include to eradicate a wide range of microbes (fungal, bacterial, algal).
Minimizes production downtime and delays due to contamination.
Do not contribute problematic components to formulate or create long-term health and safety concerns.

In general, avoid eye and skin contact, wear safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing.
In case of eye or skin contact, despite precautionary measures, wash immediately and thoroughly with plenty of warm water and obtain medical attention.

Uses:
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is frequently used as a biocide in water treatment processes to control microbial growth in industrial cooling water systems, pulp and paper processing, oil exploration and production, and other water-based systems.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into paints and coatings formulations to inhibit microbial growth and extend the shelf life of these products.
In textile manufacturing, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be used as a biocide to prevent microbial growth on fabrics and fibers, particularly in humid or damp conditions.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in the oil and gas industry to prevent microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) in pipelines, storage tanks, and other oilfield equipment.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in industrial water systems beyond cooling towers, including process water systems, wastewater treatment plants, and industrial washing systems to control microbial growth and prevent biofouling.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in hygiene products such as hand sanitizers, wet wipes, and disinfectants to provide antimicrobial protection against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and algae.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in agricultural settings as a biocide and preservative in irrigation water, agricultural tanks, and equipment to prevent microbial contamination and maintain water quality.
In the plastics and polymer industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be added to formulations to inhibit microbial growth during manufacturing processes and to prevent degradation of polymer products during storage and transportation.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in leather processing to prevent microbial spoilage and deterioration of hides and skins during storage and transportation.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in disinfectants and sanitizers used in medical and healthcare facilities to disinfect surfaces, medical devices, and equipment, helping to prevent healthcare-associated infections (HAIs).
In the food and beverage industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used as a biocide in water treatment systems, as well as in cleaning and sanitizing solutions to maintain hygiene standards and prevent microbial contamination in food processing facilities.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is added to swimming pool and spa water to control algae and bacteria growth, ensuring safe and hygienic recreational water environments.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be incorporated into marine antifouling coatings to prevent the attachment and growth of marine organisms such as barnacles, algae, and mollusks on boat hulls and marine structures.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in metalworking fluids, such as cutting fluids and lubricants, to prevent microbial growth and contamination, thereby extending the fluid's lifespan and maintaining machining efficiency.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in air conditioning systems to control microbial growth in cooling coils, condensate pans, and air ducts, helping to prevent the spread of airborne pathogens and improve indoor air quality.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be used in the production of photographic chemicals to prevent microbial contamination and maintain the stability and quality of photographic solutions and emulsions.
In the manufacturing of building materials such as adhesives, sealants, and coatings, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be added to prevent microbial degradation and preserve the integrity of the materials, particularly in humid or damp environments.
Within the oil and gas industry, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized as a biocide in drilling fluids, hydraulic fracturing fluids, and enhanced oil recovery operations to control microbial growth and prevent reservoir souring and biofouling.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used in mining operations to control microbial growth in water systems used for ore processing, dust suppression, and other mining processes, helping to maintain operational efficiency and environmental compliance.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in the preservation of cultural heritage materials such as archival documents, artworks, and historical artifacts to prevent microbial deterioration and degradation over time.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is added to pulp and paper processing systems to prevent microbial contamination and biofilm formation, thereby improving paper quality and reducing downtime associated with microbial-related issues.

In certain concentrations and formulations, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can be found in personal care products such as shampoos, conditioners, and cosmetics as a preservative to prevent microbial contamination.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is utilized in wood preservation treatments to prevent decay and degradation caused by fungi and bacteria in wood products, such as lumber, poles, and railway ties.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) may be added to adhesive and sealant formulations to prevent microbial growth and maintain product integrity during storage and use.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is employed in the paper industry to prevent microbial contamination during paper production processes and to preserve the quality of paper products.
A chemical additive to control bacterial contamination in ethanol fermentation.

As a broad-spectrum and efficient biocide, 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can quickly penetrate the cell membrane of microorganisms and act on certain protein groups to stop the normal redox of cells, thus causing cell death.
At the same time, its branches can also selectively bromination or oxidation of specific enzyme metabolites of microorganisms, eventually leading to microbial death.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has good peeling performance, no foam when used, liquid products and water can be freely miscible, low toxicity.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) solution could be added at any phase of production provided that thorough mixing is achieved.
Should the manufacturing process involve heating of the product, it is advisable to add 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) after cooling down at the end of the process.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) solution may be used to reduce microbial contamination in raw materials and/or products such as aqueous paints and coatings, polymers, slurries, adhesives, latex and resin emulsions, sizing, caulk, process water, along with specialty industrial products including inks, polishes, waxes, detergents and cleansers.

To reduce microbial contamination, add 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) to the material or product at a concentration of 25 to 2,000 ppm by weight.
This concentration is equivalent to 2.8 to 224.0 fluid ounces of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) per 1,000 gallons or 21.4 to 1,712 milliliters of DBNPA 20% per 1,000 liters.
The required concentration will depend on the material being treated and the level of contamination present.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a high-efficiency antiseptic bactericide, widely used as water treating agent, bactericide and algaecide for industrial circulating water and industrial cooling water, pulp treatment in paper making industry and as pharmaceutical intermediate, etc.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a kind of Water Treatment Material.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is widely used in industrial circulating water system, large air-condition and the large center of sewage treatment to eliminate microorganism and alga and shuck off clay.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is also used in the process of paper making to prevent reducing quality of paper by generation of microorganism.
It is suitable for metal cutting of cooling liquor, recovery system of oil, latex and ply-woods as anti-spy biocides.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has following advantages: Easy to handle. No unusual oxidation hazards. Similar performance and safety in paper and oilfield applications.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used for slime control in the wet-end of the paper mill and performs exceptionally well against slime-forming bacteria.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) has exhibited outstanding efficacy against in bio-films and against a broad spectrum of bacteria, fungus and yeasts.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) series products are used in the short-term preservation of coatings and coating additives such as latex, starch and mineral slurries.

20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is a fast-acting/quick-kill biocide that is broad-spectrum, and does not contain or release formaldehyde.
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to prevent bacteria and algae in paper, industrial circulating cooling water, metal processing lubricants, Pulp, wood, paint and plywood in the growth and reproduction, at the same time can do slime control agent, widely used in paper mill pulp and circulating cooling water system.

Safety Profile:
20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) can cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon direct contact.
This irritation may manifest as redness, itching, burning, or inflammation.
Proper protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be worn when handling DBNPA to minimize the risk of exposure.

Inhalation of 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) dust, vapors, or mists may irritate the respiratory tract, leading to symptoms such as coughing, shortness of breath, or throat irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be maintained in areas where 20% DBNPA (2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide) is used to minimize airborne exposure.

Poison by ingestion and intravenous routes.
A severe skin and eye irritant.
When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of Brand NO,.


2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANE SULFONIC ACID
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used as a hydrogels for medical applications


CAS NUMBER: 15214-89-8

EC NUMBER: 239-268-0

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C7H13NO4S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 207.25 g/mol

IUPAC NAME: 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid


2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used in water treatment
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can be used is oil field

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used for construction chemicals
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is also used for personal care products

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used for emulsion coatings
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can used as an adhesive
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is found in rheology modifiers.

Properties
*2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid has a hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to AMPS-containing polymers

*2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid has polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.

*Solubility: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF)
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents

*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.
The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.

*Determining viscosity-average molecular weight (Mark-Houwink constants)

APPLICATIONS:
*Acrylic fiber: A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.

*Coating and adhesive: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid's sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives, and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.

*Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.

*Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.

*Medical hydrogel: High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.
Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.
In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.

*Oil field applications: Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.
For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.

*Water treatment applications: The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.

*Crop protection: increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.

*Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.

*Construction applications: Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.
Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.
Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid's CAS number is 15214-89-8.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is highly polymerizable and can be just as easily depolymerised using basic methods with acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is highly hygroscopic- meaning it collects the moisture from the surroundings.

The molecular formula of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is C7H13NO4S.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid's aqueous solution is acidic in nature, soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid monomer and sodium salt allow the polymer producers to manufacture superior quality polymers for usage in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is easily available in the market in both granules and liquid form.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is high in productivity and optimum performance.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used in the following areas:
-pH regulators
-water treatment products
-laboratory chemicals
-health services
-scientific research and development
-polymers


PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 207.25 g/mol

-XLogP3-AA: -0.4

-Exact Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol

-Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol

-Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8Ų

-Physical Description: Pellets or Large Crystals

-Melting Point: 185.5 - 186 °C

-Solubility: 1e+006 mg/L

-Density: 1.45

-Flash Point: 160 °C


2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is an important monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid's copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight have unique formula structure

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid contains sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is often used in the textile industry

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid takes part in oil drilling operations
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid plays an active role in water treatment applications


CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2

-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4

-Rotatable Bond Count: 4

-Heavy Atom Count: 13

-Formal Charge: 0

-Complexity: 299

-Isotope Atom Count: 0

-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes


2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can be used in papermaking, dyeing and coating processes
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid offers excellent features in many aspects such as cosmetics, electronics

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used as a hydrogels for medical applications

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used in water treatment

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid can be used is oil field
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is high in productivity and optimum performance.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propane Sulfonic Acid is used in scientific research and development


SYNONYMS:

15214-89-8
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
27119-07-9
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID
490HQE5KI5
DTXSID5027770
2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-
2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
DTXCID207770
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-
CAS-15214-89-8
EINECS 239-268-0
UNII-490HQE5KI5
AtBS
acryloyldimethyltaurine
LUBRIZOL AMPS
Rheothik 80-11
TBAS-Q
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid
EC 239-268-0
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS)
SCHEMBL19490
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer
tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid
CHEMBL1907040
acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid
CHEBI:166476
acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid
Tox21_201781
Tox21_303523
MFCD00007522
AKOS015898709
CS-W015266
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid
5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt)
NCGC00163969-01
NCGC00163969-02
NCGC00257492-01
NCGC00259330-01
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
A0926
FT-0610988
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE
E76045
Q209301
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid
J-200043
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid
82989-71-7
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPAN
SODIUM SALT OF 2 ACRYLAMIDO
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC
SODIUM ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE
SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE
SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMINO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE
sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonate
N-[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(sodiosulfo)ethyl]acrylamide
Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid
15214-89-8
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
239-268-0
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propyl-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid
Acide 2-(acryloylamino)-2-méthyl-1-propanesulfonique
MFCD00007522
TZ6658000
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
201849-71-0
201849-72-1
201849-73-2
201849-74-3
27119-07-9
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonicacid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)-1-propanesulfonate
2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propanesulfonic acid
2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid
AMPS
EINECS 239-268-0
2-ACRYLAMIDE-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULPHONIC ACID
2-ACRYLOYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-METHYL-2-[(1-OXO-2-PROPENYL)AMINO]-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID
ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER
AMPS
AMPS MONOMER
LABOTEST-BB LT00012662
1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonicacid
TBAS
2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamide-2-MethyylPropaneSodiumSulfonate

2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS)
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.


CAS Number: 15214-89-8
EC Number: 239-268-0
MDL number: MFCD00007522
Linear Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H
Chemical formula: C7H13NO4S



SYNONYMS:
AMPS, TBAS, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER, ampsna, TBAS-Q, 2-AcryL, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane-1-Sulfonic acid, ATBS Monomer, AMPS Monomer, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, AMPS, Lubrizol AMPS, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, AMPS (sulfonic acid), 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2404, TBAS-Q, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, ATBS, tert-Butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2402, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, CG 810S-P, 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, N-Acryloyl-2,2-dimethyltaurine, (1,1-Dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methy-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, 82989-71-7, 107240-62-0, 114705-58-7, 127889-32-1, 155380-40-8, 155401-75-5, 382655-32-5, 936232-42-7, 1211475-04-5, 1390640-03-5, 1600517-24-5, 2146156-10-5, 2321346-04-5, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid,2-Methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-,15214-89-8,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-,AMPS,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 15214-89-8, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 27119-07-9, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, AtBS, acrylamido dimethyl taurine, DTXSID5027770, LUBRIZOL AMPS, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, TBAS-Q, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 490HQE5KI5, DTXCID207770, tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-, 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-, CAS-15214-89-8, EINECS 239-268-0, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID, UNII-490HQE5KI5, EC 239-268-0, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), SCHEMBL19490, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer, CHEMBL1907040, CHEBI:166476, Tox21_201781, Tox21_303523, MFCD00007522, AKOS015898709, CS-W015266, 5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt), NCGC00163969-01, NCGC00163969-02, NCGC00257492-01, NCGC00259330-01, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, A0926, NS00005061, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE, E76045, Q209301, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid, J-200043, 2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid, 82989-71-7, InChI=1/C7H13NO4S/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12, (1 1-Dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2 2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, AMPS, AMPS-NA, N-[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(sodiosulfo)ethyl]acrylamide, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, Sodium2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, Sodium 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, N-[2-(Sodiooxysulfonyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]acrylamide, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, 2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonicacidsodiumsalt, 2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 15214-89-8, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, AMPS, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 2-Acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonsaeure, 2-Acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Acide 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonique, acido 2-acrilamido-2-metilpropanosulfonico, Acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2404, Lubrizol AMPS, PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-, EINECS 239-268-0, UNII-490HQE5KI5, 1202001-18-0, 107240-62-0, 114705-58-7, 1211475-04-5, 127889-32-1, 155380-40-8, 155401-75-5, 382655-32-5, 82989-71-7, 936232-42-7, 1600517-24-5, 1390640-03-5



2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.


The IUPAC name for the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) compound is 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and the CAS number is 15214-89-8.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly polymerizable and can be just as easily depolymerised using basic methods with acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly hygroscopic- meaning it collects the moisture from the surroundings.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer will collect itself when it comes in contact with water.
The molecular formula of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is C7H13NO4S.
Its aqueous solution is acidic in nature, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer and sodium salt allow the polymer producers to manufacture superior quality polymers for usage in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is easily available in the market in both granules and liquid form.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is high in productivity and optimum performance.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.
Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving the use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) changes the chemical properties of a wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile substance that is inherently hydrolytic and possesses properties such as thermal stability, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity.


Due to its high polymerizability, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can readily be copolymerized with other chemicals such as acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, and acrylamide.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)’s aqueous solution is acidic and soluble in dimethyl, partially soluble in methanol, but insoluble in acetone


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white or off-white solid with a molecular formula of C7H13NO4S and a molecular weight of 207.25 g/mol.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s high purity, typically exceeding 95%, ensures reliable and consistent performance in a wide range of applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s distinct chemical structure, featuring an acrylamide group and a sulfonic acid moiety, endows it with exceptional versatility and functionality.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a kind of vinyl monomer with sulfonic acid group, which has a good thermal stability.
The decomposition temperature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be up to 210℃ and the temperature of sodium salt copolymer can reach 329℃.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s hydrolysis is very slow in aqueous solution.
Sodium salt solution has good anti-hydrolysis performance with high PH value.
Under acid condition, the hydrolysisresistant performance of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymer is better than that of polyacrylamide.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile monomer possessing thermal stability, a hydrolytic nature, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity ratio, and it can be both copolymerized and homopolymerized.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a highly reactive, hydrophilic, sulphonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of a large variety of anionic polymers.
The aqueous solution of2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is acidic in nature and soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) along with sodium salt allows the polymers to manufacture high-quality polymers for application in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is organic, available in both granules and liquid form.


At present, the application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in water treatment agents accounts for 1/3 of the world's output.
In recent years, as countries in the world pay more and more attention to environmental protection, the treatment of various wastewater has also become particularly important.


It is believed that the market demand for 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) will increase year by year.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a unique vinyl monomer with a sulfonic acid group.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.


Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


Synthetic fiber: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is the important monomer which could change the combination property of some synthetic fiber, in particular, the orion and the modacrylic fiber with chloride, the dosage is the 1-4 of the fiber, it could improve the white contentdyeing property ntistaticventilation property and flame resistance.


The sizes of the textile: The copolymer of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), ethyl acetate and acrylic acid, it is the ideal size of the cotton and the polyester blend fabric, it has the characteristic of easy to use and east to use the water to remove.


Paper making: The copolymer of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) with other watersoluble monomer, this is the indispensable chemical in all kinds of papermaking factory, it could be used as the drainage aid and on gel, it could increase the strength of the paper, it also could be used as the pigment dispersing agent of color coating.


Water treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS): The 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer homopolymer with the acrylamide acrylic acid monomer homopolymer, they could besludge dehydrating agent in the sewage purification process and preservative of the iron,zinc,aluminum,cooper,alloy in the closed water circulation system, they also could be used ascleaning and scale inhibitor of heatercoolingtowerair cleanerg-cleaner.


Crop protection: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.
Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.


Acrylic fiber uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS): A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.


Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in a wide range of applications including textiles, flocculants, dispersants, scale control agents and well-additives.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is also used in good additives, paint and coatings, water treatment agents (majorly as a scale preventing agent), paper and pulp industry, acrylic fibre dyeing aids.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has excellent synthesis, absorptivity, surface activity, biological activity, hydraulic and thermal stability


There are various applications in diversified areas involving the use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) monomers such as oil fields, construction chemicals, hydrogens for chemicals, adhesives and rheology modifiers, emulsion coatings and personal care products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is suitable for application in co-polymerization and in addition reactions.


The major and most popular use of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) compound is in water treatment, latex, adhesives, and acrylic fibres.
Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.


Personal care products: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important monomer.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weights can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formula structure containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used intermediates.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important monomer.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in oilfield chemistry, water treatment, synthetic fibers, plastics, printing and dyeing, papermaking, water paint, biomedicine, magnetic materials and cosmetics etc.
The diverse applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) span a wide range of industries and research areas.


The primary application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), when used at the highest purity level, is in the petroleum recovery industry.
Other areas of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) of application include Water treatment, Acrylic fibers,


Oilfields, Latex and adhesives, Emulsion coatings ,Personal care products, Medical and construction applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is applied in the production of Polymers ,Textiles, Flocculants, Dispersants, scale, control agents, and well-additives.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used Acrylic fiber, Coating and adhesive, Detergents, Personal care, Medical hydrogel, Oil field applications, Water treatment applications, Crop protection, Membranes, and Construction applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in textiles (spinning, dyeing), plastics, papermaking, coatings, sewage treatment, oil extraction and other industrial production, manufacturing excellent antistatic agents, dyeing agents, dispersants, water absorbing agents, flocculants, Foam stabilizers, special coating, oil field chemical agent, etc.


One of the main uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is to produce water treatment agents.
At present, the research and production of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in water treatment agents have been widely carried out in China, especially the research on organic phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid copolymer, which is the most widely used water treatment agent in industrial cooling water system.


-Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) finds use as a buffer in aqueous solutions, maintaining optimal pH conditions for various biological processes and drug formulations.
Its unique transport properties and ability to form hydrogen bonds make 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) a valuable component in the development of innovative pharmaceutical and biomedical products.


-Personal Care and Cosmetic Formulations:
The chemical and biological properties of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) make it a desirable ingredient in personal care and cosmetic products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s ability to interact with other compounds and its compatibility with various formulations allow for the creation of advanced, high-performance personal care solutions.


-Advanced Materials and Coatings:
Researchers in material science and engineering leverage the versatility of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to develop novel materials with enhanced performance characteristics.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s integration into polymers, coatings, and other advanced materials can lead to improved mechanical properties, thermal stability, and functional attributes.


-Coating and adhesive:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.

Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.


-Medical hydrogel uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS):
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.

Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.


-Oil field applications:
Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.

For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.


-Water treatment applications:
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.


-Construction applications:
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.

Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating


-Oilfield chemistry:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is rapid development in the application of the oil field chemistry.
The scope including oil well cement admixtures drilling fluid additive acidizing fluid well completion fluid,work over fluid,fracture fluid.


-Latex and Adhesive applications:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is known to achieve outstanding latex stability in high-performance latex coatings.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations and improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives.

The polymers with lower molecular weight containing 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) Monomer are especially efficient dispersants for highly-polar operations.


-Oil Field applications:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the oil field application in its granule and liquified form because of its unmatchable thermal and hydraulic stability.

Such hostile environments demand only high-performing products.
The tendency to increase the viscosity and divalent cation stability is what makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) an ideal solution for many oil field operations.


-Water treatment applications.
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers is very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights can inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers and help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.


-Oil field applications.
Polymers in oil field applications must stand in hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and resistance to hard water-containing metal ions.

For example, in drilling operations where high salinity, high temperature, and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers, and water-control polymers and in polymer flooding applications.


-Construction applications.
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
The benefits of these additives include improved strength, workability, and durability of cement mixtures.

In addition, re-dispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced in cement mixtures, controls air pore content and prevents agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from forming as lime on the concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of the coating.


-Medical hydrogel applications.
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when introducing 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.

In addition, Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used for electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Finally, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbent, e. g. for baby diapers.


-Coating and adhesive.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)'s sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide pH range.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and reduce surfactants leaching out of paint film.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) improves adhesive thermal and mechanical properties and increases pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations’ adhesive strength.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a sulfonic acid acrylic monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is reactive and hydrophilic.
The sulfonate group gives 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at a wide pH range.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) absorbs water readily and imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.



PRODUCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce AMPS in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers.


*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.


*Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.

The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.
Determining viscosity-average molecular weight (Mark-Houwink constants)



REACTIVITY RATIO OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) reacts well with a variety of vinyl monomers.
M2= 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) or † sodium salt of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS).



SOLUBILITY OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly soluble in water (1×106 mg/L at 25°C ).



NOTES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is hygroscopic.
Store 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) away from oxidizing agents and bases.
Keep 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.



PREPARATION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can be synthesized by one step and two steps.
The one-step method is to react the raw materials acrylonitrile, isobutylene and oleum together.

The two-step method is to sulfonate isobutylene in the presence of a reaction solvent to obtain a sulfonated intermediate, and then react with acrylonitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid.
One-step method is more economical.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white crystal.
The melting point of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is 195°C (decomposition).

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in water, the solution is acidic.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in dimethylformamide, partially soluble in methanol, ethanol, and insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is slightly sour.



BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
At its core, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a proton-donor that is often utilized as a buffer in aqueous solutions.
Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules grants 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) unique transport properties, making it a valuable component in various biological and chemical systems.

The acidic nature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS), stemming from its sulfonic acid group, allows it to interact with other compounds through hydrogen bonding.
This property enables 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) to serve as a versatile building block in the synthesis of novel materials and formulations, unlocking new possibilities in fields such as pharmaceuticals, personal care, and advanced materials.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers.


*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.


*Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
Chemical formula: C7H13NO4S
Molar mass: 207.24 g·mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granular particles
Density: 1.1 g/cm³ (15.6 °C)
Melting point: 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K)
Formula Weight: 207.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 299

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: Powder
Color: White
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 195 °C - dec.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable. - Flammability (solids)
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable

Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C at 1013.250 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available;
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 500 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -3.7 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0.1 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1.36 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not explosive
Other safety information:

Surface tension: 70.5 mN/m at 1 g/l at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 2.4 at 20 °C
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
Molar Mass: 229.23
Density: 1.2055 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 110 °C at 101.325 kPa
Vapor Pressure: 0 Pa at 25 °C
Specific Gravity: 1.206
Sensitive: 0; forms stable aqueous solutions
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.4220 (lit.)
CAS number: 15214-89-8
EC number: 239-268-0
Hill Formula: C₇H₁₃NO₄S
Formula Weight: 207.25 g/mol

HS Code: 2924 19 00
Density: 1.36 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Melting Point: 190 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 640 kg/m³
Solubility: >500 g/l soluble
CBNumber: CB3470952
Molecular Formula: C7H13NO4S
Molecular Weight: 207.25
MDL Number: MFCD00007522
MOL File: 15214-89-8.mol
Melting point: 195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Density: 1.45
Vapor Pressure: Refractive Index: 1.6370 (estimate)
Flash Point: 160 °C
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.

Solubility: >500 g/L soluble
pKa: 1.67±0.50 (Predicted)
Form: Solution
Color: White
Water Solubility: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1946464
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: HNKOEEKIRDEWRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.7 at 20℃ and pH1-7
Surface Tension: 70.5 mN/m at 1 g/L and 20℃
Dissociation Constant: 2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 15214-89-8 (CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 490HQE5KI5

EPA Substance Registry System: 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]- (15214-89-8)
Molecular Weight: 207.24700
Exact Mass: 207.25
EC Number: 925-482-8
UNII: 490HQE5KI5
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5027770
HScode: 2942000000
Characteristics:
PSA: 91.85000
XLogP3: -0.4
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.45
Melting Point: 184-186 °C
Boiling Point: 412ºC
Flash Point: 160ºC

Refractive Index: 1.502
Water Solubility: H2O: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions: 2-8ºC
Molecular Weight: 207.25
XLogP3: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 207.05652907
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907
Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Complexity: 299
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: White crystal powder
Non-volatile matter: ≥98.50%(m/m)
Acid Value: 268-278 mgKOH/g
Melting Point: 180-185℃
Water Content: ≤1.0%(m/m)
Iron Content: ≤0.002%(m/m)
Color (25% aqueous solution), Pt-Co: ≤100
Purity: ≥97.00%(m/m)
Melting Point: ∼195°C (decomposition)
Quantity: 50 g
UN Number: UN2585
Beilstein: 1946464
Formula Weight: 207.25
Percent Purity: 98%
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
Heat sensitive.
Handle under inert gas.
Protect from moisture.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID
DESCRIPTION:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) was a Trademark name by The Lubrizol Corporation.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.

CAS Number: 15214-89-8
EC Number: 239-268-0
Molecular Weight: 207.25


2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid is an organosulfonic acid.
Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.

2-Acrylamido-2-methyl Propanesulfonic Acid, also known as 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, is a sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to change the chemical properties of anionic polymers.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is highly polymerizable and can be just as easily depolymerised using basic methods with acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is highly hygroscopic- meaning 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid collects the moisture from the surroundings.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer will collect itself when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid comes in contact with water.

Its aqueous solution is acidic in nature, soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid monomer and sodium salt allow the polymer producers to manufacture superior quality polymers for usage in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is easily available in the market in both granules and liquid form.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is high in productivity and optimum performance.


PRODUCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.

PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:
Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid -containing polymers.

Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.

Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.

Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.

The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.
Determining viscosity-average molecular weight (Mark-Houwink constants)

APPLICATIONS OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:
Acrylic fiber: A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Coating and adhesive: Its sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.

Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives, and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.

Detergents: Enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.
Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.

Medical hydrogel: High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.
Hydrogel with AMPS showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.

Oil field applications: Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.
For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.

Water treatment applications: The cation stability of the AMPS-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.

Crop protection: increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.

Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.

Construction applications: Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.
Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid -containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating


2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.

2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is used in a wide range of applications including textiles, flocculants, dispersants, scale control agents and well-additives.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is also used in good additives, paint and coatings, water treatment agents (majorly as a scale preventing agent), paper and pulp industry, acrylic fibre dyeing aids.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid has an excellent synthesis, absorptivity, surface activity, biological activity, hydraulic and thermal stability

There are various applications in diversified areas involving the use of 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomers such as oil fields, construction chemicals, hydrogens for chemicals, adhesives and rheology modifiers, emulsion coatings and personal care products.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is suitable for application in co-polymerization and in addition reactions.
The major and most popular use of this chemical compound is in water treatment, latex, adhesives, and acrylic fibres.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is also used in the following applications:

Latex and Adhesive applications:
The 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is known to achieve outstanding latex stability in high-performance latex coatings.
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations and improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives.
The polymers with lower molecular weight containing 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid Monomer are especially efficient dispersants for highly-polar operations.


Oil Field applications:
The acrylamide tertiary-butyl sulfonic acid is used in the oil field application in its granule and liquified form because of its unmatchable thermal and hydraulic stability.
Such hostile environments demand only high-performing products.
The tendency to increase the viscosity and divalent cation stability is what makes it an ideal solution for many oil field operations.


2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Copolymer can be used as scale inhibitor and dispersant in open circulating cooling water system, oilfield refill water system, metallurgy system and iron & steel plants to prevent sediment of ferric oxide.
When built with organophosphorines and zinc salt, the suitable pH value is 7.0~9.5.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Copolymer can also be used as dyeing auxiliaries for textile

CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:
Chemical formula C7H13NO4S
Molar mass 207.24 g•mol−1
Appearance White crystalline powder or granular particles
Density 1.1 g/cm3 (15.6 °C)
Melting point 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K),
Linear Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H
CAS Number: 15214-89-8
Molecular Weight: 207.25
EC Number: 239-268-0
MDL number: MFCD00007522
Molecular Weight 207.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count 4
Rotatable Bond Count 4
Exact Mass 207.05652907 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass 207.05652907 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area 91.8Ų
Heavy Atom Count 13
Formal Charge 0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity 299
Isotope Atom Count 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count 1
Compound Is Canonicalized Yes
Formula C7H13NO4S
Formula Weight 207.25
Melting point: ca 195° dec.
Density 1.10
Storage & Sensitivity Keep Cold. Hygroscopic.
Solubility Highly soluble in water (1×106 mg/L at 25°C ).

Appearance Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid
Solid content, % 40.0 min
Free monomer (as AA), % 0.5 max
Density (20℃), g/cm3 1.15 min
pH(1% water solution) 3.5-4.5


Other names:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid



SYNONYMS OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID:
2-acrylamide 2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, monosodium salt
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, potassium salt
2-AMPS
AMPS sulfonate cpd
15214-89-8
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
27119-07-9
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
AtBS
acryloyldimethyltaurine
DTXSID5027770
LUBRIZOL AMPS
TBAS-Q
EINECS 239-268-0
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID
UNII-490HQE5KI5
490HQE5KI5
DTXCID207770
tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid
acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid
acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-
EC 239-268-0
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS)
2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-
CAS-15214-89-8
SCHEMBL19490
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer
CHEMBL1907040
CHEBI:166476
Tox21_201781
Tox21_303523
(C7-H13-N-O4-S)x-
MFCD00007522
AKOS015898709
CS-W015266
5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt)
NCGC00163969-01
NCGC00163969-02
NCGC00257492-01
NCGC00259330-01
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid
LS-120969
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
A0926
FT-0610988
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE
E76045
Q209301
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid
J-200043
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid
82989-71-7
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid
15214-89-8 [RN]
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]- [ACD/Index Name]
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propansulfonsäure [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
239-268-0 [EINECS]
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid [Wiki]
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propyl-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid
Acide 2-(acryloylamino)-2-méthyl-1-propanesulfonique [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
MFCD00007522 [MDL number]
TZ6658000
[15214-89-8] [RN]
107240-62-0 [RN]
114705-58-7 [RN]
127889-32-1 [RN]
155380-40-8 [RN]
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-
1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-
201849-71-0 [RN]
201849-72-1 [RN]
201849-73-2 [RN]
201849-74-3 [RN]
27119-07-9 [RN]
2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonicacid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate
2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propanesulfonic acid
2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid
2-acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)-1-propanesulfonate
2-methyl-2-(1-oxoprop-2-enylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid
2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propanesulfonic acid
2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid
5165-97-9 [RN]
52825-28-2 [RN]
60474-89-7 [RN]
82989-71-7 [RN]
88528-38-5 [RN]
AMPS
EINECS 239-268-0
NCGC00163969-01
ST5307457
T5SJ B1 C1 DVQ E- AT5NJ [WLN]
TZ 6658000


2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS)
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile substance that is inherently hydrolytic and possesses properties such as thermal stability, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity.


CAS Number: 15214-89-8
EC Number: 239-268-0
MDL number: MFCD00007522
Linear Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3H
Chemical formula: C7H13NO4S



SYNONYMS:
1-Propanesulfonicacid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl- (8CI), 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-(9CI), 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, AMPS(sulfonic acid), Acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, TBAS-Q, tert-Butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, AMPS, TBAS, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, ACRYLAMIDO BUFFER, ampsna, TBAS-Q, 2-AcryL, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane-1-Sulfonic acid, ATBS Monomer, AMPS Monomer, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, AMPS, Lubrizol AMPS, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, AMPS (sulfonic acid), 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2404, TBAS-Q, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, ATBS, tert-Butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2402, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, CG 810S-P, 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, N-Acryloyl-2,2-dimethyltaurine, (1,1-Dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2-methy-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, 82989-71-7, 107240-62-0, 114705-58-7, 127889-32-1, 155380-40-8, 155401-75-5, 382655-32-5, 936232-42-7, 1211475-04-5, 1390640-03-5, 1600517-24-5, 2146156-10-5, 2321346-04-5, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid,2-Methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-,15214-89-8,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-,AMPS,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-,1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 15214-89-8, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 27119-07-9, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, AtBS, acrylamido dimethyl taurine, DTXSID5027770, LUBRIZOL AMPS, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid, TBAS-Q, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 490HQE5KI5, DTXCID207770, tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-, 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-, CAS-15214-89-8, EINECS 239-268-0, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID, UNII-490HQE5KI5, EC 239-268-0, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), SCHEMBL19490, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer, CHEMBL1907040, CHEBI:166476, Tox21_201781, Tox21_303523, MFCD00007522, AKOS015898709, CS-W015266, 5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt), NCGC00163969-01, NCGC00163969-02, NCGC00257492-01, NCGC00259330-01, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl sulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid, 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, A0926, NS00005061, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE, E76045, Q209301, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 8CI, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid, J-200043, 2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #, 2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid, 82989-71-7, InChI=1/C7H13NO4S/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12, (1 1-Dimethyl-2-sulfoethyl)acrylamide, 2-Acrylamido-2 2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, AMPS, AMPS-NA, N-[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(sodiosulfo)ethyl]acrylamide, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, Sodium2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, Sodium 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, N-[2-(Sodiooxysulfonyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]acrylamide, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, 2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonicacidsodiumsalt, 2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonic acid, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 15214-89-8, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, AMPS, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, 2-Acrylamido-2,2-dimethylethanesulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropansulfonsaeure, 2-Acryloamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-Acryloylamino-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, Acide 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonique, acido 2-acrilamido-2-metilpropanosulfonico, Acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid, Lubrizol 2404, Lubrizol AMPS, PROPANESULFONIC ACID, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-, EINECS 239-268-0, UNII-490HQE5KI5, 1202001-18-0, 107240-62-0, 114705-58-7, 1211475-04-5, 127889-32-1, 155380-40-8, 155401-75-5, 382655-32-5, 82989-71-7, 936232-42-7, 1600517-24-5, 1390640-03-5



2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile chemical compound that finds a wide range of applications across various industries due to its unique properties, particularly its high water solubility and ionic nature.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is high in productivity and optimum performance.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.


Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving the use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) changes the chemical properties of a wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile substance that is inherently hydrolytic and possesses properties such as thermal stability, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity.


Due to its high polymerizability, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can readily be copolymerized with other chemicals such as acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, and acrylamide.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)’s aqueous solution is acidic and soluble in dimethyl, partially soluble in methanol, but insoluble in acetone.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white or off-white solid with a molecular formula of C7H13NO4S and a molecular weight of 207.25 g/mol.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s high purity, typically exceeding 95%, ensures reliable and consistent performance in a wide range of applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s distinct chemical structure, featuring an acrylamide group and a sulfonic acid moiety, endows it with exceptional versatility and functionality.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a kind of vinyl monomer with sulfonic acid group, which has a good thermal stability.


The decomposition temperature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be up to 210℃ and the temperature of sodium salt copolymer can reach 329℃.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s hydrolysis is very slow in aqueous solution.


Sodium salt solution has good anti-hydrolysis performance with high PH value.
Under acid condition, the hydrolysisresistant performance of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymer is better than that of polyacrylamide.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a versatile monomer possessing thermal stability, a hydrolytic nature, hydrophilicity, polarity, and reactivity ratio, and it can be both copolymerized and homopolymerized.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a high grade reagent.
Also known as AMPS, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly polymerizable and can be just as easily depolymerised using basic methods with acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylic esters, acrylamide etc.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly hygroscopic- meaning it collects the moisture from the surroundings.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer will collect itself when it comes in contact with water.
The molecular formula of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is C7H13NO4S.


Its aqueous solution is acidic in nature, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer and sodium salt allow the polymer producers to manufacture superior quality polymers for usage in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is easily available in the market in both granules and liquid form.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a highly reactive, hydrophilic, sulphonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of a large variety of anionic polymers.


The aqueous solution of2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is acidic in nature and soluble in water but insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) along with sodium salt allows the polymers to manufacture high-quality polymers for application in a wide range of consumer and industrial products.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is organic, available in both granules and liquid form.
At present, the application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in water treatment agents accounts for 1/3 of the world's output.
In recent years, as countries in the world pay more and more attention to environmental protection, the treatment of various wastewater has also become particularly important.


It is believed that the market demand for 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) will increase year by year.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is available as a white crystalline powder, which is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF).
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be synthesized by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulphuric acid and water.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a highly versatile molecule used in the production of polymers.
The IUPAC name for the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) compound is 2-acrylamido-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid and the CAS number is 15214-89-8.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very unique polymer with a sulphonic acid group.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a unique vinyl monomer with a sulfonic acid group.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an organosulfonic acid.
The sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group, and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
Cosmetics and Personal Care uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used in cosmetic and personal care products, such as hair styling products and skin care formulations, to enhance product performance and consistency.
Paints and Coatings uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers can be added to paint and coating formulations to improve their adhesion, durability, and resistance to moisture.


These applications highlight the versatility of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and its importance in various industries where water absorption, ionic interactions, and performance-enhancing properties are required.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s important to note that the specific formulation and use of AMPS-based products can vary widely depending on the industry and application.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
Paper Industry uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used as retention aids and drainage aids in the papermaking process to improve the formation and strength of paper products.


Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


Synthetic fiber: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is the important monomer which could change the combination property of some synthetic fiber, in particular, the orion and the modacrylic fiber with chloride, the dosage is the 1-4 of the fiber, it could improve the white contentdyeing property ntistaticventilation property and flame resistance.


The sizes of the textile: The copolymer of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), ethyl acetate and acrylic acid, it is the ideal size of the cotton and the polyester blend fabric, it has the characteristic of easy to use and east to use the water to remove.


Paper making: The copolymer of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) with other watersoluble monomer, this is the indispensable chemical in all kinds of papermaking factory, it could be used as the drainage aid and on gel, it could increase the strength of the paper, it also could be used as the pigment dispersing agent of color coating.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in oilfield chemistry, water treatment, synthetic fibers, plastics, printing and dyeing, papermaking, water paint, biomedicine, magnetic materials and cosmetics etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has a wide range of applications in biological and chemical industries.


Water treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): The 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer homopolymer with the acrylamide acrylic acid monomer homopolymer, they could besludge dehydrating agent in the sewage purification process and preservative of the iron,zinc,aluminum,cooper,alloy in the closed water circulation system, they also could be used ascleaning and scale inhibitor of heatercoolingtowerair cleanerg-cleaner.


Crop protection: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.
Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.


Acrylic fiber uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS): A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) imparts dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidine fluoride fibers.
Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in a wide range of applications including textiles, flocculants, dispersants, scale control agents and well-additives.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is also used in good additives, paint and coatings, water treatment agents (majorly as a scale preventing agent), paper and pulp industry, acrylic fibre dyeing aids.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has excellent synthesis, absorptivity, surface activity, biological activity, hydraulic and thermal stability
There are various applications in diversified areas involving the use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomers such as oil fields, construction chemicals, hydrogens for chemicals, adhesives and rheology modifiers, emulsion coatings and personal care products.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is suitable for application in co-polymerization and in addition reactions.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) improves the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing attachment of dirt.


The major and most popular use of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) compound is in water treatment, latex, adhesives, and acrylic fibres.
Detergents: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.


Personal care products: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important monomer.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used to enhance the water-absorbing and swelling capacity of hydrogels in medical applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weights can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formula structure containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used intermediates.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is an important monomer.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in oilfield chemistry, water treatment, synthetic fibers, plastics, printing and dyeing, papermaking, water paint, biomedicine, magnetic materials and cosmetics etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) additionally increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes.


The diverse applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) span a wide range of industries and research areas.
The primary application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), when used at the highest purity level, is in the petroleum recovery industry.
Other areas of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) of application include Water treatment, Acrylic fibers, Oilfields, Latex and adhesives, Emulsion coatings ,Personal care products, Medical and construction applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is applied in the production of Polymers ,Textiles, Flocculants, Dispersants, scale, control agents, and well-additives.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used Acrylic fiber, Coating and adhesive, Detergents, Personal care, Medical hydrogel, Oil field applications, Water treatment applications, Crop protection, Membranes, and Construction applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is ideal for the synthesis of various compound in industrial processes, and is furthermore widely used in research applications.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is widely used in textiles (spinning, dyeing), plastics, papermaking, coatings, sewage treatment, oil extraction and other industrial production, manufacturing excellent antistatic agents, dyeing agents, dispersants, water absorbing agents, flocculants, Foam stabilizers, special coating, oil field chemical agent, etc.


At present, the research and production of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) in water treatment agents have been widely carried out in China, especially the research on organic phosphonic acid and carboxylic acid copolymer, which is the most widely used water treatment agent in industrial cooling water system.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be used in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
One of the main uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is to produce water treatment agents.


-Advanced Materials and Coatings:
Researchers in material science and engineering leverage the versatility of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to develop novel materials with enhanced performance characteristics.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s integration into polymers, coatings, and other advanced materials can lead to improved mechanical properties, thermal stability, and functional attributes.


-Coating and adhesive:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.

Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.


-For water treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
Not only homopolymer of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) monomer but also AMPS copolymer with acrylamide, acrylic acid and other monomers can be used as sludge dehydrating agent in sewage purification process.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used as sealing agents for iron, zinc, aluminum, copper, and alloys in closed water circulation systems.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can also be used as detergent and scale inhibitor for heater, cooling tower, air purifier and gas purifier descaling agent, scale inhibitor.


-Superabsorbent Polymers (SAPs) uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a key component in the production of superabsorbent polymers.
These polymers have the ability to absorb and retain large amounts of water or aqueous solutions, making them ideal for use in products like diapers, sanitary pads, and agricultural soil conditioners.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based SAPs can also be used in the oil industry for water control in oil wells and drilling fluids.


-Water Treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in water treatment processes to improve the removal of impurities and suspended solids from water.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can function as a coagulant and flocculant aid in water purification, helping to clarify and clean water for drinking, industrial processes, and wastewater treatment.


-Medical hydrogel uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.

Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.


-Oil field applications:
Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.

For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.


-Specialty Polymers uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is copolymerized with other monomers to create specialty polymers with unique properties.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be tailored for specific applications, such as enhanced oil recovery, where they are used to improve the flow of oil from reservoirs.


-Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) finds use as a buffer in aqueous solutions, maintaining optimal pH conditions for various biological processes and drug formulations.
Its unique transport properties and ability to form hydrogen bonds make 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) a valuable component in the development of innovative pharmaceutical and biomedical products.


-Water treatment applications:
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.


-Construction applications:
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.

Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating


-Personal Care and Cosmetic Formulations:
The chemical and biological properties of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) make it a desirable ingredient in personal care and cosmetic products.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s ability to interact with other compounds and its compatibility with various formulations allow for the creation of advanced, high-performance personal care solutions.


-Textile Industry uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used in the textile industry as finishing agents to enhance the performance and properties of fabrics.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can impart properties such as stain resistance, water repellency, and wrinkle resistance to textiles.


-Oilfield chemistry:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is rapid development in the application of the oil field chemistry.
The scope including oil well cement admixtures drilling fluid additive acidizing fluid well completion fluid,work over fluid,fracture fluid.


-Latex and Adhesive applications:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is known to achieve outstanding latex stability in high-performance latex coatings.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations and improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives.

The polymers with lower molecular weight containing 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) Monomer are especially efficient dispersants for highly-polar operations.


-Oil Field applications:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in the oil field application in its granule and liquified form because of its unmatchable thermal and hydraulic stability.

Such hostile environments demand only high-performing products.
The tendency to increase the viscosity and divalent cation stability is what makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) an ideal solution for many oil field operations.


-Water treatment applications.
The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers is very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights can inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers and help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.


-Oil and Gas Industry uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
In addition to enhanced oil recovery, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used in drilling fluids and cement slurries to control fluid loss and improve the performance of drilling operations.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can also be found in various oilfield chemicals.


-Oil field applications.
Polymers in oil field applications must stand in hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and resistance to hard water-containing metal ions.

For example, in drilling operations where high salinity, high temperature, and high pressure are present, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers, and water-control polymers and in polymer flooding applications.


-Construction applications.
Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
The benefits of these additives include improved strength, workability, and durability of cement mixtures.

In addition, re-dispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is introduced in cement mixtures, controls air pore content and prevents agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from powder manufacturing and storage.

Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from forming as lime on the concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of the coating.


-Ion Exchange Resins uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
Cross-linked 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based resins are used in ion exchange processes for applications such as water softening, purification, and metal recovery.
These resins can selectively remove or exchange specific ions in solution.


-Adhesives and Sealants uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based polymers are used in adhesive and sealant formulations to improve adhesion and cohesion properties.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can enhance the bonding strength and durability of adhesives and sealants.


-Agriculture uses :
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-based superabsorbent polymers are used in agriculture to improve soil moisture retention, particularly in arid and drought-prone regions.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can help increase crop yields and reduce water usage.


-Medical hydrogel applications.
High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when introducing 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.

In addition, Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used for electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.

In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Finally, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbent, e. g. for baby diapers.


-Coating and adhesive.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide pH range.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and reduce surfactants leaching out of paint film.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) improves adhesive thermal and mechanical properties and increases pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations’ adhesive strength.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a kind of vinyl monomer with sulfonic acid group, which has a good thermal stability.
The decomposition temperature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be up to 210 and the temperature of sodium salt copolymer can reach 329~C.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s hydrolysis is very slow in aqueous solution.
Sodium salt solution of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) has good anti-hydrolysis performance with high PH value.
Under acid condition, the hydrolysis-resistant performance of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymer is better than that of polyacrylamide.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be made into crystal or sodium salt solution.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of sulfonic acid monomers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)'s copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used due to unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly soluble in water, which makes it suitable for various water-based applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is typically used as a monomer or as part of a polymer rather than in its pure form.

The properties and applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can vary depending on its specific use and how it is incorporated into various materials and products.



BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
At its core, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a proton-donor that is often utilized as a buffer in aqueous solutions.
Its ability to form hydrogen bonds with water molecules grants 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) unique transport properties, making it a valuable component in various biological and chemical systems.

The acidic nature of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), stemming from its sulfonic acid group, allows it to interact with other compounds through hydrogen bonding.

This property enables 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) to serve as a versatile building block in the synthesis of novel materials and formulations, unlocking new possibilities in fields such as pharmaceuticals, personal care, and advanced materials.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers.


*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.


*Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a sulfonic acid acrylic monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is reactive and hydrophilic.
The sulfonate group gives 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at a wide pH range.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) absorbs water readily and imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.



PRODUCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce AMPS in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.



PREPARATION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can be synthesized by one step and two steps.
The one-step method is to react the raw materials acrylonitrile, isobutylene and oleum together.

The two-step method is to sulfonate isobutylene in the presence of a reaction solvent to obtain a sulfonated intermediate, and then react with acrylonitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid.
One-step method is more economical.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a white crystal.
The melting point of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is 195°C (decomposition).

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in water, the solution is acidic.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is soluble in dimethylformamide, partially soluble in methanol, ethanol, and insoluble in acetone.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is slightly sour.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
*Hydrolytic and thermal stability:
The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS)-containing polymers.


*Polarity and hydrophilicity:
The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.


*Solubility:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.


*Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation:
Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.

The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.
Determining viscosity-average molecular weight (Mark-Houwink constants)



REACTIVITY RATIO OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) reacts well with a variety of vinyl monomers.
M2= 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) or † sodium salt of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS).



SOLUBILITY OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is highly soluble in water (1×106 mg/L at 25°C ).



NOTES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) is hygroscopic.
Store 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) away from oxidizing agents and bases.
Keep 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) the container tightly closed and place it in a cool, dry and well ventilated condition.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
Chemical formula: C7H13NO4S
Molar mass: 207.24 g•mol−1
Appearance: White crystalline powder or granular particles
Density: 1.1 g/cm³ (15.6 °C)
Melting point: 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K)
Formula Weight: 207.25 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 299

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: Powder
Color: White
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: 195 °C - dec.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): The product is not flammable. - Flammability (solids)
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable

Autoignition temperature: > 400 °C at 1013.250 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available;
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 500 g/l at 20 °C - soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -3.7 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0.1 hPa at 25 °C
Density: 1.36 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: Not explosive
Other safety information:

Surface tension: 70.5 mN/m at 1 g/l at 20 °C
Dissociation constant: 2.4 at 20 °C
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
Molar Mass: 229.23
Density: 1.2055 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Boiling Point: 110 °C at 101.325 kPa
Vapor Pressure: 0 Pa at 25 °C
Specific Gravity: 1.206
Sensitive: 0; forms stable aqueous solutions
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.4220 (lit.)
CAS number: 15214-89-8
EC number: 239-268-0
Hill Formula: C₇H₁₃NO₄S
Formula Weight: 207.25 g/mol

HS Code: 2924 19 00
Density: 1.36 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Melting Point: 190 °C
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 640 kg/m³
Solubility: >500 g/l soluble
CBNumber: CB3470952
Molecular Formula: C7H13NO4S
Molecular Weight: 207.25
MDL Number: MFCD00007522
MOL File: 15214-89-8.mol
Melting point: 195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Density: 1.45
Vapor Pressure: Refractive Index: 1.6370 (estimate)
Flash Point: 160 °C
Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.

Solubility: >500 g/L soluble
pKa: 1.67±0.50 (Predicted)
Form: Solution
Color: White
Water Solubility: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1946464
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: HNKOEEKIRDEWRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.7 at 20℃ and pH1-7
Surface Tension: 70.5 mN/m at 1 g/L and 20℃
Dissociation Constant: 2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 15214-89-8 (CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: 490HQE5KI5

EPA Substance Registry System: 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]- (15214-89-8)
Molecular Weight: 207.24700
Exact Mass: 207.25
EC Number: 925-482-8
UNII: 490HQE5KI5
DSSTox ID: DTXSID5027770
HScode: 2942000000
Characteristics:
PSA: 91.85000
XLogP3: -0.4
Appearance: White powder
Density: 1.45
Melting Point: 184-186 °C
Boiling Point: 412ºC
Flash Point: 160ºC

Refractive Index: 1.502
Water Solubility: H2O: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions: 2-8ºC
Molecular Weight: 207.25
XLogP3: -0.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 207.05652907
Monoisotopic Mass: 207.05652907
Topological Polar Surface Area: 91.8
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Complexity: 299
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: White crystal powder
Non-volatile matter: ≥98.50%(m/m)
Acid Value: 268-278 mgKOH/g
Melting Point: 180-185℃
Water Content: ≤1.0%(m/m)
Iron Content: ≤0.002%(m/m)
Color (25% aqueous solution), Pt-Co: ≤100
Purity: ≥97.00%(m/m)
Melting Point: ∼195°C (decomposition)
Quantity: 50 g
UN Number: UN2585
Beilstein: 1946464
Formula Weight: 207.25
Percent Purity: 98%
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
Heat sensitive.
Handle under inert gas.
Protect from moisture.
*Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510):
Non Combustible Solids



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID (AMPS):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is an abbreviation for 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid.
NAAMPS or NA 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is an abbreviation for Sodium Salt 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid.
NA 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt ’s unique numerical identifier assigned by the chemical abstracts service CAS is 5165-97-9.

CAS: 5165-97-9
MF: C7H14NNaO4S
MW: 231.24
EINECS: 225-948-4

Synonyms
2-Methyl-2-(acryloylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt;N-[1,1-Dimethyl-2-(sodiosulfo)ethyl]acrylamide;N-[2-(Sodiooxysulfonyl)-1,1-dimethylethyl]acrylamide;Sodium 2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate;AcrylaMido-Tertiary Butyl Sulphonic Acid SodiuM Salt 50% solution.;SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE, 50% in water;Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate;2-AcrylaMido-2-Methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodiuM salt solution 50 wt. % in H2O

Some of its synonymous are Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt , 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium, and Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt acts as a commoner when combined with other acrylic monomers like acrylic acid to manufacture polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt improves scrub resistance and dispersant performance of paper coatings and paint emulsions.
The molecular weight of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is 229.23.
The density of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is 1.2055 g/ ml at 25 degree celsius.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is a 50 wt. % solution in water that enables easy handling of the product.
The product is prepared by reacting 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid or 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt with caustic soda solution.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt or NA ATBS don’t easily get vaporized at its low temperature point to form an ignitable mixture in air, so the flash point property is not applicable to it.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt’s convenient storage, packaging, and logistics provide the necessary ease and flexibility in formulations to produce high-performance polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt are delivered in three different grades which include 2403, 2405, and 2407 which are derived from their expected performance characteristics and the polymerization molecular weight.

The most common industrial applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt are in adhesives to improve pressure-sensitive formulation strength, in water treatment to inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale formation, in personal care products for making diapers, in the textile industry as textile sizing agent and a non-woven emulsion binder, in oil fields as a friction reducer, in acrylic fiber to provide dye receptivity and in the construction site to inhibit fluid loss.
A hydrophilic compound such as 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can also be used as a dopant.
For conducting polymers, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt acts as a protonating agent.

In order to conduct the water purification process, polyelectrolyte copolymer gels are utilized; for the formation of polyelectrolyte copolymer gels, Sodium Salt 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid is used; 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can also have potential application in the field of bioengineering and biomedical products.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is a hydrophilic compound that can be used as a dopant and a protonating agent for conducting polymers. It is used in a variety of electronic applications.

Sodium salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is a highly reactive monomer which can add anionic character to polymers.
Exhibits good hydrolytic and thermal stability.
Features polyvalent cation tolerance.
Permits easy formulation of mining flocculants which is stable in complex and harsh conditions.
Provides flexibility in formulation to make stable emulsion polymers.
Convenient in handling.
Reduces grit/coagulum formation in latex polymer.
Used in polymerization where high molecular weight polymers (greater than two million) are desired.
Complies with EINECS, METI, Australian inventory, DSL, Switzerland’s inventory, Korean inventory, Philippines's inventory and Chinese inventory.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is added in the emulsion and acrylic acid, styrene or vinyl acetate reaction, the introduction of reactive emulsifier to prevent the migration of emulsifier.
The low viscosity and remarkable stability of the emulsion can be obtained with only 2-3% of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt.
At the same time no need add ethylene glycol and other additive, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can improve the adhesion of paint film, thermal stability and antistatic ability, improve the water resistance of latex paint and scrubbing resistance.

1. The acrylamide group in 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt will accelerate the polymerization reaction.
2. Two pendant methyl groups and sodium methanesulfonate are combined behind the amino group, Can prevent its hydrolysis and thermal degradation.
3. Sulfonated group can result the monomer show higher hydrophilicity and ionic characteristics at any pH value.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt Chemical Properties
Boiling point: 110℃ at 101.325kPa
Density: .2055 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.4220(lit.)
Specific Gravity: 1.206
Hydrolytic Sensitivity 0: forms stable aqueous solutions
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H13NO4S.Na.H/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12;;/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12);;
InChIKey: ZXSJYPBSPMLZIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -4.34
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt (5165-97-9)

Uses
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can be used in the formation of polyelectrolyte copolymer gels for potential application in bioengineering, biomedicine and water purification.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt can also be used in the fabrication of Schottky diodes, humidity sensors, and lithium ion batteries.
The most common industrial applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt are in adhesives to improve pressure-sensitive formulation strength, in water treatment to inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale formation, in personal care products for making diapers, in the textile industry as textile sizing agent and a non-woven emulsion binder, in oil fields as a friction reducer, in acrylic fiber to provide dye receptivity and in the construction site to inhibit fluid loss.

2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt is widely used in industries, industry daily chemicals and polymer synthesis.
Such as Water treatment agents, Mining, Flocculants, Oil field chemicals, Daily necessities, Medical supplies, Cosmetics, Detergents and cleaning agents, Fabric glues and Finishing agents, Polymer emulsions, Coatings and Adhesives, Paints, Leather tanning and Printing and dyeing Polymers, Non-woven adhesives, Super absorbents, Thickeners and Sealants, etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane Sulfonic Acid Sodium Salt has a wide range of uses in water treatment and can also be used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid was a Trademark name by The Lubrizol Corporation.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.

CAS: 15214-89-8
MF: C7H13NO4S
MW: 207.25
EINECS: 239-268-0

Synonyms
1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-;2-ACRYLAMIDE-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULPHONIC ACID
;15214-89-8;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;27119-07-9;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid;AtBS;acryloyldimethyltaurine
;DTXSID5027770;LUBRIZOL AMPS;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid;TBAS-Q;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-;490HQE5KI5;DTXCID207770;tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid;2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid;acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid;acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-;2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-;CAS-15214-89-8;EINECS 239-268-0;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID;UNII-490HQE5KI5;EC 239-268-0;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS);SCHEMBL19490;2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer;CHEMBL1907040;CHEBI:166476;Tox21_201781;Tox21_303523;MFCD00007522;AKOS015898709;CS-W015266;5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt);NCGC00163969-01;NCGC00163969-02;NCGC00257492-01;NCGC00259330-01;2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl;sulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid;2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;A0926;NS00005061;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE;E76045;Q209301;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic;acid, 8CI;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid;J-200043;2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid;82989-71-7;InChI=1/C7H13NO4S/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12

Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
Lubrizol discontinued the production of this monomer in 2017 due to copy-cat production from China and India destroying the profitability of this product.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is an organosulfonic acid.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid has polymerizable vinyl and hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups in the molecule, and can be copolymerized with water-soluble monomers such as acrylonitrile and acrylamide, and water-insoluble monomers such as styrene and vinyl chloride.

The hydrophilic sulfonic acid group is introduced into the polymer to make the fiber, film, etc. have moisture absorption, water permeability and conductivity.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a water-soluble sulfonic acid group with strong anion, which makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid salt resistance, high temperature resistance, dyeing affinity, electrical conductivity, ion exchange and good resistance to divalent cations; The amide group makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid have good hydrolysis stability, acid-alkali resistance and thermal stability; the active double bond makes 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid have addition polymerization performance and can produce copolymers with a variety of hydrocarbon monomers.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Density: 1.45
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: 1.6370 (estimate)
Fp: 160 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: >500g/l soluble
pka: 1.67±0.50(Predicted)
Form: solution
Color: White
Water Solubility: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1946464
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: HNKOEEKIRDEWRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.7 at 20℃ and pH1-7
Surface tension: 70.5mN/m at 1g/L and 20℃
Dissociation constant: 2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 15214-89-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (15214-89-8)

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a white crystals.
The melting point is 195°C (decomposition).
Soluble in water, the solution is acidic.
Soluble in dimethylformamide, partially soluble in methanol, ethanol, insoluble in acetone. Slightly sour.

Properties
Hydrolytic and thermal stability: The geminal dimethyl group and the sulfomethyl group combine to sterically hinder the amide functionality and provide both hydrolytic and thermal stabilities to AMPS-containing polymers.
Polarity and hydrophilicity: The sulfonate group gives the monomer a high degree of hydrophilicity and anionic character at wide range of pH.
In addition, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is absorbing water readily and also imparts enhanced water absorption and transport characteristics to polymers.
Solubility: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is very soluble in water and dimethylformamide (DMF) and also shows limited solubility in most polar organic solvents.

Inhibition of divalent cation precipitation: Sulfonic acid in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is a very strong ionic group and ionizes completely in aqueous solutions.
In applications where the precipitation of mineral salts is undesirable, the incorporation of a polymer containing even a small quantity of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid can significantly inhibit the precipitation of divalent cations.
The result is a significant reduction in the precipitation of a wide variety of mineral salts, including calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminium, zinc, barium and chromium.

Uses
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is an important monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid's copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.

Acrylic fiber: A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Coating and adhesive: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid's sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH.
Anionic charges from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives, and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.
Detergents: Enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.

Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.
Medical hydrogel: High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when AMPS is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.
Hydrogel with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.
In addition, polymers derived from 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Is used due to 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid's high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.

Oil field applications: Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.
For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, AMPS copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.

Water treatment applications: The cation stability of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide. When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.
Crop protection: increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.
Membranes: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.

Construction applications: Superplasticizers with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid are used to reduce water in concrete formulations.
Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.
Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.
Coating formulations with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating.

Preparation
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid can be synthesized by one step and two steps.
The one-step method is to react the raw materials acrylonitrile, isobutylene and oleum together.
The two-step method is to sulfonate isobutylene in the presence of a reaction solvent to obtain a sulfonated intermediate, and then react with acrylonitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid.
One-step method is more economical.

Production
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.
2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT)
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) reduces grit/coagulum formation in latex polymer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is convenient to handle.


CAS Number: 5165-97-9
EC Number: 225-948-4
Molecular Formula: C7H12NNaO4S



SYNONYMS:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt, Acrylamido-tert-butylsulfonic acid sodium salt, Acryloyldimethyltaurine sodium salt, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium 2-methyl-2-acryloylamino-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, Sodium AMPS, Sodium N-acryloyl-2,2-dimethyltaurate, Sodium N-acryloyldimethyltaurate, 1-Propanesulfonicacid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, sodium salt (7CI,8CI), 1-Propanesulfonic acid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, monosodium salt (9CI), 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt, AMPS 2403, AMPS 2405, ATBS-NA, Acryloyldimethyltaurine sodium salt, LZ 2405, Lubrizol 2401, Lubrizol2403, Lubrizol 2405, Lubrizol 2405A, Sodium2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, Sodium2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium N-acryloyldimethyltaurate, Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonate sodium salt, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(prop-2-enoyl)amino]propane-1-sulfonate, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, sodium salt (1:1), 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, monosodium salt, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-, sodium salt, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid sodium salt, Acryloyldimethyltaurine sodium salt, Lubrizol 2401, Lubrizol 2403, Lubrizol 2403A, Lubrizol 2405, Lubrizol 2405A, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonate, Sodium AMPS, Sodium N-acryloyldimethyltaurate, Sodium acryloyldimethyltaurate, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulfonate de sodium, sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulphonate, Natrium-2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propansulfonat, 2-metil-2-[(1-oxoalil)amino]propanosulfonato de sodio, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, PROPYLSULFATE, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-, SODIUM, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt, EINECS 225-948-4, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, 2-Methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-1-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, UNII-2T9Q6EKI0G, 112666-19-0, 113996-54-6, 115137-50-3, 1258282-31-3, 129701-88-8, 152634-06-5, 171063-24-4, 192388-82-2, 65829-59-6, 76701-57-0, 86848-82-0, 95243-13-3, 1392119-86-6, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulphonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt 50% solution, Acrylamido-tert-butylsulfonic acid sodium salt, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonicacid,sodiumsalt, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonicacimonosodiumsalt, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL PROPANE SULFONIC ACID, SODIUM SALT, 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT, NaATBS, Sodium AMPS, sodium salt of ATBS, ATBS 2403, NaATBS 2403, 2405, 2407, acrylamido-tert-butylsulfonic acid sodium salt, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-, sodium salt (1:1), homopolymer, 1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-, monosodium salt, homopolymer, 1-propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-,monosodiumsalt, 1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-,monosodiumsalt,homopolymer, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt homopolymer, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt polymer, 2-Methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid, monosodium salt, homopolymer, AMPS 2405 homopolymer, Aristoflex Silk, Cosmedia HSP 1180, Cosmedia Polymer HSP 1180, Dopamine hydrochloride-sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate copolymer, Lubrizol 2420, MP 6123, POLY(2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID), SODIUM SALT, Poly(sodium 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate), Poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate), Poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate), Poly(sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate), Poly(sodium 2-acryloylamino-2-methylpropylsulfonate), Polyacrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, Rheocare HSP 1180, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonate homopolymer, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate homopolymer, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate polymer, Sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonate homopolymer, Sodium2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate,homopolymer, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt, Sodium 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxoallyl)amino]propanesulfonate, 2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropane sulfonic acid sodium salt 50 percent solution



2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is a highly reactive monomer that can add anionic character to polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) exhibits good hydrolytic and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) features polyvalent cation tolerance.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) permits easy formulation of mining flocculants which is stable in complex and harsh conditions.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) provides flexibility in formulation to make stable emulsion polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) reduces grit/coagulum formation in latex polymer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is a highly reactive, highly hydrophilic functional polymerized monomer, and also a kind of polymerizable surfactant.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is the sodium of AMPS, which is short for 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid, it is also called ATBS


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is an important monomer, widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dyeing, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of its unique formula structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) was added to the emulsion reaction and acrylic acid.
The low viscosity and outstanding stability of the emulsion can be obtained from only 2-3 percent of the 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt).


At the same time, there is no need to add ethylene glycol and other additives.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can improve the adhesion of the paint film.
Thermal stability and anti-static ability Improve the water resistance of latex paint and abrasion resistance.


The acrylamide group in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) catalyzes the polymerization reaction.
Two pendant methyl groups and sodium methanesulfonate combined behind the amino group can prevent hydrolysis and thermal degradation.
Sulfonate groups can cause monomers to exhibit higher hydrophilicity and ionic properties at any pH value.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is widely used in industry.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used daily chemicals in industry and polymer synthesis such as water treatment solutions, mining, coagulants, chemicals in oil fields. D


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used dily necessities, medical supplies, cosmetics, detergents and cleaning agents.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used fabric glue and finishing agents Polymer emulsion Coatings and adhesives, paints, tanning and printing and dyeing polymers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used non-woven glue-special absorbent viscosity enhancers and sealants, etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has a wide range of applications in water treatment.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can also be used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has been widely used in water treatment, mining, flocculants, oilfield chemicals, household items, medical supplies, cosmetics, detergents and cleaning agents, fabric glue and finishing agents, paper coating agent, polymer emulsions, paints and adhesives, paints, leather tanning and dyeing polymers, non-woven adhesives, super absorbent agent, thickener, leak-proof and sealing agent.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is also used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used emulsion, waterborne adhesive, and sealant emulsion, waterborne adhesive, and sealant.


Suggested end uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is Water Treatment, Personal Care & Cosmetics, Mining Flocculants Paints and Coatings, Oil Field Chemicals Photographic Film, Thickeners Paper Processing Polymers, Medical Products Non-woven Binders, Fabric Finishes Textile Printing Polymers, Textile Sizes & Finishes Caulks & Sealants, Super-absorbents Adhesives & Bonding Agents, and Personal Care & Cosmetics.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used Emulsion, waterborne adhesive and sealant emulsion, waterborne adhesive and sealant.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) contains strong anionic, water-soluble sulfur groups, shielded amide groups, and unsaturated double bonds, which make it have excellent comprehensive performance.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has good binding, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolytic stability, and thermal stability.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be used for copolymerization and processing reactions.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be widely used in various fields such as water treatment, oilfield chemistry, chemical fiber, water-absorbing materials, plastics, coatings, papermaking, textiles, printing and dyeing, biomedicine, magnetic materials, and cosmetics.
Sizing of textiles: copolymer of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt), ethyl acetate, and enoic acid, is an ideal sizing of cotton and polyester blended textiles, with easy to use and easy to remove with water specialty.


Industry Applications of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt): Emulsions for paint and paper coatings, Raw material for water treatment, Adhesives, Hydrogels and super absorbents, Textile auxiliaries, Detergents and cleaners, Acrylic fiber, Construction chemicals, and Polymers to enhance oil recovery.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used as a dopant and a protonating agent for conducting polymers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used in a variety of electronic applications.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is widely used in industries, industry daily chemicals and polymer synthesis.


Such as Water treatment agents, Mining, Flocculants, Oil field chemicals, Daily necessities, Medical supplies, Cosmetics, Detergents and cleaning agents, Fabric glues and Finishing agents, Polymer emulsions, Coatings and Adhesives, Paints, Leather tanning and Printing and dyeing Polymers, Non-woven adhesives, Super absorbents, Thickeners and Sealants, etc.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has a wide range of uses in water treatment and can also be used as the third monomer of synthetic fibers.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be widely used in the fields of oil chemistry, water-treatment, synthetic fiber, dyeing, plastic, absorbent.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used coating, paper-making, biomedicine, magnetic material and cosmetics etc.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used in polymerization where low molecular weight polymers (less than two million) are desired.


2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is widely used in emulsions, waterborne adhesives, and sealants.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used styrene or vinyl acetate reaction.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is used introduction of reactive emulsifiers to prevent migration of emulsifiers.


-Water treatment uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt):
Homopolymer of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) monomer or copolymer with monomers such as acrylamide, acrylic acid, etc.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be used as sludge dewatering agent in the sewage purification process, used as iron, zinc, aluminum, copper in closed water circulation system And anti-corrosion agent of alloy.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can also be used as descaling agent and scale inhibitor of the heater, cooling tower, air purifier, and gas purifier.


-Oilfield chemistry uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt):
The application of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) in the field of oilfield chemistry has developed rapidly.
The scope of coverage includes oil well cement additives, drilling fluid treatment agents, acidizing fluids, fracturing fluids, completion fluids, and workover fluid additives.


-Synthetic fibers uses of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is important monomers to improve the comprehensive performance of certain synthetic fibers, especially acrylic fiber or acrylic fiber, the amount of which is 1%-4% of the fiber, which can significantly improve the whiteness and dyeability of the fiber, Antistatic, breathable and flame retardant.


-Papermaking:
The copolymer of2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) and other water-soluble monomers is an indispensable chemical for various paper mills.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can be used as a drainage aid and sizing agent.
The strength of paper can also be used as a pigment dispersant for color coatings.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
*Ph:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is strong acid PH of 0.1%(Wt) solution is 2.6.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt)'sodium salt is neutral
*Stability:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is stable under room temperature, but its solution should avoid self-polymerization.
*Polymerization:
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can homopolymerization or copolymerization.



FUNCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
People came to this conclusion after extensive research on gels, particles, surface charge densities.
Latex stability and other aspects that occur when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) emulsions are synthesized: Because the polymer has the characteristics of a polymer electrolyte.

Thus adsorbed on the surface of the latex particles and drags the ionization layer, which improves the stability of the latex.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can not only replace carboxylic acid monomers.
But 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can also reduce the use of other surfactants.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has good water resistance and thermal stability.
Products made from these emulsions are soft, flexible, and comfortable to the touch, and the abrasion resistance of the coatings they are made from is also greatly improved.



CHARACTERISTICS OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is added in the emulsion and acrylic acid, styrene or vinyl acetate reaction, the introduction of reactive emulsifier to prevent the migration of emulsifier.
The low viscosity and remarkable stability of the emulsion can be obtained with only 2-3% of 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) .

At the same time no need add ethylene glycol and other additive, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can improve the adhesion of paint film, thermal stability and antistatic ability, improve the water resistance of latex paint and scrubbing resistance.

1. The acrylamide group in 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) will accelerate the polymerization reaction.

2. Two pendant methyl groups and sodium methanesulfonate are combined behind the amino group.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) can prevent its hydrolysis and thermal degradation.

3. Sulfonated group can result the monomer show higher hydrophilicity and ionic characteristics at any pH value.



FUNCTION OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
People draw conclusions after detailed research on the gel, particles, surface charge density, latex stability and other aspects produced when 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) synthesizes emulsion: Because 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has the characteristics of polymer electrolyte, it adsorbs on the surface of the latex particles and strokes the ionization layer, thereby increasing the stability of the latex.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) not only can replace carboxylic acid monomer but also can reduce the usage of other surfactants.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has good water resistance and thermal stability.

2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) products made from these emulsions have a smooth, flexible and comfortable touch, and the scrubbing resistance of the coatings made is also significantly improved.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) is a polymerizable surfactant with highly reactive, highly hydrophilic functional monomer.
2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has a polymer electrolyte properties, adsorbed on the latex particles formed on the surface of the ionosphere, thus increasing the stability of latex.

By using 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt), it not only can replace the carboxylic acid monomer (e.g. acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc.), but also reduce other use of surfactants to make acrylic, vinyl acetate-acrylate and styrene-acrylic emulsion system of resistance divalent cations significantly increased mechanical stability, 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic sodium salt (AMPS Sodium Salt) has good hydrolysis resistance and thermal stability; emulsion made from it are smooth and flexible, comfortable warmth, it has good tolerance for the scrub of coating too.



FEATURES OF 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
*Generally available as 50% solution in water.
*Can also offer higher grades



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
Appearance: Colorless to yellow transparent liquid
Solid content: 50±1%
Refractive Index: 1.40-1.45
pH: 8.0-10.0
Density: 1.18-1.23 g/cm3
Chroma (25% water solution), Co-pt.: ≤ 50
Viscosity (MPa.s): ≥ 10
Name: 2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid sodium salt
EINECS: 225-948-4
CAS No.: 5165-97-9
Density: 1.2055
PSA: 94.68000
LogP: 1.08410
Solubility: N/A
Melting Point: N/A
Formula: C7H12NNaO4S

Boiling Point: 110°C at 101.325kPa
CAS No: 5165-97-9
Molecular Formula: C7H13NO4SNa
Molecular Weight: 229.2 g/mol
EINECS No: 225-948-4
Appearance: Clear & water white to pale yellow, 50% aqueous salt solution
Density: 1.1 g/cm3 (15.6°C)
Freezing Point: -25°C
Boiling Point: 110°C
Formula: C7H12NNaO4S
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H13NO4S.Na/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12;/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
InChI Key: FWFUWXVFYKCSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
SMILES: [Na].O=C(C=C)NC(C)(C)CS(=O)(=O)O
Form: Liquid
Functions: Comonomer
Usage/Application: Industrial

Solubility: Soluble in Water
Shelf Life: 1 year from the date of manufacturing
Molar Mass: 229 g/mol
CAS No: 5165-97-9
Molecular Formula: H2C=CHCONHC(CH3)2CH2SO3Na
Molecular Weight: 544.80698 g/mol
Compound Is Canonicalized: True
Exact Mass: 229.03847332
Monoisotopic Mass: 229.03847332
Complexity: 304
Rotatable Bond Count: 4

Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 4
Topological Polar Surface Area: 94.7
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 2
Density: 1.2055
InChI Key: FWFUWXVFYKCSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-M
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H13NO4S.Na/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12;/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12);/q;+1/p-1
Canonical SMILES: CC(C)(CS(=O)(=O)[O-])NC(=O)C=C.[Na+]



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Preventive skin protection recommended.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
hygroscopic
Heat sensitive.
Handle under inert gas.
Protect from moisture.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC SODIUM SALT (AMPS SODIUM SALT):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl Propane Sulfonic Acid Ammonium Salt
Hexamethylene Glycol; Hexamethylenediol; HDO; 1,6-Dihydroxyhexane; omega-Hexanediol; alpha,omega-Hexanediol; cas no: 629-11-8
2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt Solution
SODIUM ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE; sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonate; sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate; 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt; SODIUM 2-ACRYLAMINO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONATE; cas : 5165-97-9
2-AMINO 2 METHYL 1-PROPANOL
Isobutanolamine; 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol; 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; Aminomethyl propanol; 1,1-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine; 2-Amino-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropane; 2-Amino-2,2-dimethylethanol; 2-Amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol; 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol; 2-Aminodimethylethanol; 2-Aminoisobutanol; 2-Hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine; 2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol; 2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol-1; beta-Aminoisobutanol; Hydroxy-tert-butylamine; CAS No: 124-68-5
2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL
DESCRIPTION:


2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol appears as a clear light colored liquid.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is insoluble in water and about the same density as water.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used to make other chemicals.




CAS NUMBER: 124-68-5

EC NUMBER: 204-709-8

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C4H11NO

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 89.14




DESCRIPTION:

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a clear light colored liquid.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is an organic compound with both amine and alcohol substituents.
Amines are chemical bases.
They neutralize acids to form salts plus water.
These acid-base reactions are exothermic.

The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is an organic compound with the formula H2NC(CH3)2CH2OH.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is colorless liquid that is classified as an alkanolamine.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a useful buffer and a precursor to numerous other organic compounds.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol can be produced by the hydrogenation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid or its esters.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used for the preparation of buffer solutions.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a component of the drugs ambuphylline and pamabrom.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is also used in cosmetics.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is of low acute toxicity.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a precursor to oxazolines via its reaction with acyl chlorides.
Via sulfation of the alcohol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is also a precursor to 2,2-dimethylaziridine.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is also used for Isobucaine, and Radafaxine.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is the multifunctional assistant of allotment environment friendly emulsion paint, also can be used as the organic bases of other neutralization buffer purposes and medicine intermediate etc., for example the buffering of biochemical diagnosis reagent and activator.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol can improve and strengthen many coating components, and strengthens the effect and the performance of other auxiliary agent.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol can improve scrub resistance, opacifying power, viscosity stability and color developing of coating or the like.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used for the preparation of buffer solutions, suitable for the determination of alkaline phosphatase.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is also used in ATR-FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the carbon monoxide absorption characteristics of a series of heterocyclic diamines.
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol has been used as an component in enzyme assay for screening the alkaline phosphatase activity in sarcoma osteogenic (SaOS-2) cells.

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is an aminoalcohol.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a substituted aliphatic alcohol and is used majorly as a pH balancer in cosmetic formulations.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol has phototoxic effect as it can interact and penetrate above the sebum layer.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is not carcinogenic.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C4H11NO.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a colorless, viscous liquid with a faint amine-like odor.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a member of the class of amino alcohols and is commonly used in various industrial applications.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol belongs to a class of compounds called alkanolamines, which are organic compounds that contain both amine (-NH2) and alcohol (-OH) functional groups.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used to derivatize carboxylic acids for GC analysis and to synthesize 2-oxazolines for further transformations.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used in an efficient synthesis of 2-oxazolidinones via carbonylation with CO in the presence of salen-cobalt catalysts.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of amines.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol has been used as an antimicrobial agent in surface methodology experiments with human serum.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol exhibits hydroxyl group and fatty acid properties, which are important for its antimicrobial activity.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol reacts with glycol ethers to form a hydroxyl group, which may be the reason for its disinfectant properties.
The kinetic data for 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol suggests that it undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.
This reaction is reversible and depends on the pH value and temperature of the solution.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol has been shown to have an experimental solubility of 0.01 g/L at 25 °C, but its chemical stability is not known.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is a neutralizer, buffer and surfactant.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used in the preparation of buffer solutions, suitable for the determination of alkaline phosphatase.




USAGE:

-Derivatives formed with carboxylic acids are used for gas chromatographic analysis.
-Synthesis of surfactants.
-Curing accelerator.
-Acidic gas absorbent.
-The additive of coating, emulsioni paint, have pigment dispersing concurrently, pH adjustment and antirust effect



USAGE AREAS:

The field of metal processing is mainly used as biological stability and pH stabilizer.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is widely used in the concentrate and post-treatment of metal processing fluid in Europe and the United States and is the main raw material for the development of biological stability formula.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used to increase and stabilize pH value, save and prolong the life of metal working fluid in field adding.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol also has the advantages of cobalt – free precipitation and low foam. Used to synthesize surfactant; Curing accelerator; Acidic gas absorbent



APPLICATIONS:

-Used to make other chemicals
-as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions
-mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions
-leather dressings
-textile specialties
-polishes
-cleaning compounds
-used in hair sprays, wave sets
-hair dyes
-Pamabrom (drug)
-absorbents for acidic gases
-Used as a pigment dispersant for water-based paints
-resin solubilizer
-corrosion inhibitor
-protecting agent for carbonyl groups and in boiler-water treatment



APPLICATIONS:

-Manufacturing of detergents and cleaning agents:

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used as an emulsifying agent and a pH adjuster in detergents.

-Corrosion inhibition:

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is utilized in water treatment processes and metalworking fluids to inhibit corrosion.

-Gas treating:

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used in gas scrubbing systems to remove acidic impurities, such as carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide.

-Cosmetics:

In some cases, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol is used in cosmetic formulations as an emollient or pH adjuster.



PROPERTIES:

-Assay: Colorless transparent liquid
-Assay: 95%
-Water: 5%
-Chroma (Pt-Co): 20 max



PROPERTIES:

-CAS number: 124-68-5
-EC index number: 603-070-00-6
-EC number: 204-709-8
-Hill Formula: C₄H₁₁NO
-Molar Mass: 89.14 g/mol



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Boiling point: 165 °C (1013 hPa) (anhydrous)
-Density: 0.95 g/cm3 (25 °C)
-Flash point: 77.8 °C
-Ignition temperature: 438 °C
-Melting Point: 30 - 31 °C
-pH value: 11.3 (10 g/l, H₂O)
-Vapor pressure: 0.45 hPa (20 °C)



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Assay (GC, area%): 93.0 - 98.0 % (a/a)
-Water (K. F.): ≤ 0.80 %
-Identity (IR): passes test



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Molecular Weight: 89.14 g/mol
-XLogP3-AA: -0.8
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
-Rotatable Bond Count: 1
-Exact Mass: 89.084063974 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 89.084063974 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.2Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 6
-Complexity: 42.8
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes



CHARACTERISTICS:

-CAS Min %: 98.5
-CAS Max %: 100.0
-Melting Point: 31.0°C to 32.0°C
-Color: Colorless
-Density: 0.9300g/mL
-Boiling Point: 165.0°C
-Flash Point: 67°C
-Assay Percent Range: 99%
-Refractive Index: 1.4470 to 1.4490
-Linear Formula: (CH3)2C(NH2)CH2OH
-Specific Gravity: 0.93
-Viscosity: 102 mPa.s (30°C)
-Formula Weight: 89.14
-Percent Purity: 99%
-Physical Form: Low Melting Solid



PROPERTIES:

-assay: 95%
-bp: 165 °C (lit.)
-density: 0.934 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
-form: liquid
-impurities: ~5% Water, ≤5% 2-(Methylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanol
-InChI key: CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
-InChI: 1S/C4H11NO/c1-4(2,5)3-6/h6H,3,5H2,1-2H3
-mp: 24-28 °C (lit.)
-pKa (25 °C): 9.7
-Quality Level: 200
-refractive index: n20/D 1.4455 (lit.)
-SMILES string: CC(C)(N)CO
-useful pH range: 9.0-10.5
-vapor density: 3 (vs air)
-vapor pressure: ﹤1 mmHg ( 25 °C)



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-CAS No: 124-68-5
-Molecular Formula: C4H11NO
-Molecular weight: 89.14
-Melting point: 24-28 °C(lit.)
-density: 0.934 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
-storage temp.: Store at RT.
-solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
-form: Low Melting Solid
-PH: 11.0-12.0 (25℃, 0.1M in H2O)



SPECIFICATIONS:

-Physical State: Low-Melting Solid
-Melting Point: 24-28° C
-Boiling Point: 165° C
-Density: 0.934 g/mL at 25° C




STORAGE:

Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse.
Keep away from fire and heat sources.
Keep the container sealed.



SYNONYM:

2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
124-68-5
2-Amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol
Aminomethylpropanol
1-Propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-
2-Aminoisobutanol
Isobutanol-2-amine
AMP Regular
2-AMINO-2-METHYLPROPANOL
Aminomethyl propanol
2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol
2-Aminodimethylethanol
2-Amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol
Hydroxy-tert-butylamine
Corrguard 75
2-Amino-2,2-dimethylethanol
AMP (thinner)
Amp-95
Isobutanolamine
1,1-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol-1
2-Hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine
AMP 95
beta-Aminoisobutanol
2-Amino-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropane
Caswell No. 037
.beta.-Aminoisobutanol
AMP 75
NSC 441
KV 5088
HSDB 5606
EINECS 204-709-8
MFCD00008051
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 005801
BRN 0505979
UNII-LU49E6626Q
2-Methyl-2-amino-1-propanol
AI3-03947
DTXSID8027032
NSC-441
LU49E6626Q
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (90% or less)
EC 204-709-8
DTXCID407032
beta-Aminoisobutyl alcohol
CAS-124-68-5
Pamabron
A-Aminoisobutyl alcohol
2,2-Dimetiletanolamina
22-Dimethylethanolamine
APR (CHRIS Code)
2,2-diethylethanolamine
AMP 90 (amine)
2-amino-2-metilpropanol
2-metil-2-aminopropanol
2,2-Dimethyl-ethanolamine
Amino-2,2-dimethylethanol
2-amino 2-methyl propanol
2-amino-2-methyl propanol
Hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine
2-Amino-2-methyl-propanol
Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
2-amino-2,2-dimetiletanol
H2NC(CH3)2CH2OH
NCIOpen2_009031
2-amino-2-methyl-1propanol
2-amino-2-methylpropan-1ol
2amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
Oprea1_147215
2-hidroximetil-2-propilamina
2-amino-2-methylpropan-l-ol
2-amino-2-metil-1-propanol
2-metil-2-amino-1-propanol
2-Amino-2 2-dimethylethanol
2- amino- 2- methylpropanol
2-amino-2-methyl 1-propanol
2-amino-2-methyl-1 propanol
2-methyl-2-aminopropan-1-ol
1-Propanol-2-amino-2-methyl
AMP, Technical Grade, 95%
2-amino-2,2,dimethyl-ethanol
AMP 90
CHEMBL122588
NSC441
1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl
2-amino-2 -methyl-1-propanol
2-amino-2- methylpropan-1-ol
2-amino-2-methyl-1 -propanol
AMINOMETHYLPROPANOL [II]
1,1-Dimetil-2-hidroxietilamina
2-Hidroxi-1,1-dimetiletilamina
1-propanol, 2-amino-2-metil-
11-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine
2-Amino-2-methyl-propane-1-ol
AMP 100
2-Amino-2-methylpropanol (AMP)
2-Hydroxy-1 1-dimethylethylamine
2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethylamine
1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-propylamine
2-amino-1-hidroxi-2-metilpropano
3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-propylamine
1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-aminopropane
AMINOMETHYL PROPANOL [INCI]
AMY25550
STR01693
AMINO-2-METHYLPROPANOL, 2-
Tox21_201780
Tox21_303149
2-Amino-2-methylpropanol (~95%)
BBL023024
STL284638
1-PROPANOL,2-AMINO,2-METHYL
AKOS000119511
PROPANOL, 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-
WLN: ZX1 & 1 & 1Q
CS-W013743
HY-W013027
SB83772
2-AMINO-2-METHYLPROPANOL [HSDB]
NCGC00249118-01
NCGC00257048-01
NCGC00259329-01
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, 93-97%
PROPAN-1-OL, 2-AMINO-2-METHYL-
2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL [MI]
LS-121675
A0333
FT-0611018
FT-0661937
2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL [VANDF]
EN300-19785
2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL [WHO-DD]
P20005
Q32703
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, BioXtra, >=95%
A805277
Q-200228
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, Technical Grade, 95%
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, purum, >=97.0% (GC)
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, technical, >=90% (GC)



IUPAC NAME:

1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl
2-aminio-2-methylpropan-1-ol
2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol
2-Amino-2-methyl-1propanol
2-Amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol
2-amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol
2-AMINO-2-METHYLPROPANOL
2-Amino-2-methylpropanol
2-amino-2-methylpropanol
2-Amino-2-methylpropanol
2-amino-2-methylpropanol
2-amino-2mthylpropanol
2-AMINOISOBUTANOL
Amino Methyl Propanol
Aminomethyl propanol
AMP
Isobutanolamin
Isobutanolamine







2-AMINO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL (AMP)
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has been used as an component in enzyme assay for screening the alkaline phosphatase activity in sarcoma osteogenic (SaOS-2) cells.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₄H₁₁NO.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a colorless liquid with a mild ammonia-like odor and is known for its use in various industrial and chemical applications.

CAS Number: 124-68-5
Molecular Formula: C4H11NO
Molecular Weight: 89.14
EINECS Number: 204-709-8

Synonyms: 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), 124-68-5, 2-Amino-2-methylpropan-1-ol, Aminomethylpropanol, 1-Propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-, 2-Aminoisobutanol, Isobutanol-2-amine, AMP Regular, 2-AMINO-2-METHYLPROPANOL, Aminomethyl propanol, 2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol, 2-Aminodimethylethanol, 2-Amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol, Hydroxy-tert-butylamine, Corrguard 75, 2-Amino-2,2-dimethylethanol, AMP (thinner), Amp-95, Isobutanolamine, 1,1-Dimethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, 2-Methyl-2-aminopropanol-1, 2-Hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine, AMP 95, 2-Amino-1-hydroxy-2-methylpropane, .beta.-Aminoisobutanol, AMP 75, NSC 441, beta-Aminoisobutyl alcohol, KV 5088, MFCD00008051, DTXSID8027032, NSC-441, LU49E6626Q, 2-Amino-2-methylpropanol (~95%), beta-Aminoisobutanol, DTXCID407032, Caswell No. 037, CAS-124-68-5, HSDB 5606, EINECS 204-709-8, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 005801, BRN 0505979, UNII-LU49E6626Q, 2-Methyl-2-amino-1-propanol, AI3-03947, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), 95%, A-Aminoisobutyl alcohol, 2,2-Dimethyl-ethanolamine, Amino-2,2-dimethylethanol, 2-amino 2-methyl propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (90% or less), EC 204-709-8, Hydroxymethyl-2-propylamine, 2-Amino-2-methyl-propanol, Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, H2NC(CH3)2CH2OH, NCIOpen2_009031, 2-amino-2-methyl-1propanol, 2-amino-2-methylpropan-1ol, 2amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, Oprea1_147215, 2-amino-2-methylpropan-l-ol, 2-amino-2-methyl 1-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1 propanol, 2-methyl-2-aminopropan-1-ol, 1-Propanol-2-amino-2-methyl, 2-amino-2,2,dimethyl-ethanol, CHEMBL122588, NSC441, 2-amino-2 -methyl-1-propanol, 2-amino-2- methylpropan-1-ol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1 -propanol, AMINOMETHYLPROPANOL [II], 2-Amino-2-methyl-propane-1-ol, 2-hydroxy-1,1-dimethylethylamine, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-propylamine, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-propylamine, 1-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-aminopropane, propane, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-, AMY25550, STR01693, Tox21_201780, Tox21_303149, BBL023024, STL284638, 1-PROPANOL,2-AMINO,2-METHYL, AKOS000119511, WLN: ZX1 & 1 & 1Q, CS-W013743, HY-W013027, SB83772, propane, 2-amino-1-hydroxy-2-methyl-, 2-AMINO-2-METHYLPROPANOL [HSDB], NCGC00249118-01, NCGC00257048-01, NCGC00259329-01, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), 93-97%, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) [MI], DB-041780, A0333, FT-0611018, FT-0661937, NS00008488, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) [VANDF], EN300-19785, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) [WHO-DD], P20005, Q32703, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), BioXtra, >=95%, A805277, Q-200228, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), purum, >=97.0% (GC), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), technical, >=90% (GC), F2190-0372, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), BioUltra, >=99.0% (GC), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), SAJ first grade, >=98.0%, InChI=1/C4H11NO/c1-4(2,5)3-6/h6H,3,5H2,1-2H, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), ~5% Water, technical grade, 90%, 2-Amino-2-methyl-propan-1-ol; Karl Fischer; Aqualine Electrolyte AD-G

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an aminoalcohol. Amines are chemical bases.
They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a substituted aliphatic alcohol and is used majorly as a pH balancer in cosmetic formulations.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has phototoxic effect as it can interact and penetrate above the sebum layer.
However, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is not carcinogenic.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an organic compound with the formula H2NC(CH3)2CH2OH.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is colorless liquid that is classified as an alkanolamine.
It is a useful buffer and a precursor to numerous other organic compounds.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is typically sold as a solution of the material in water, for which different concentrations are available.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be produced by the hydrogenation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid or its esters.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is soluble in water and about the same density as water.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a clear, colorless, polar organic solvent commonly used in chemistry and molecular biology laboratories.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) will dissolve a wide range of chemicals, and evaporates quickly.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is designated as molecular biology grade and is suitable for the precipitation of nucleic acids.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an organic compound with the formula H2NC(CH3)2CH2OH.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is colorless liquid that is classified as an alkanolamine.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a useful buffer and a precursor to numerous other organic compounds.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be produced by the hydrogenation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid or its esters.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is soluble in water and about the same density as water.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for the preparation of buffer solutions.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a component of the drugs ambuphylline and pamabrom.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also used in cosmetics.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a precursor to oxazolines via its reaction with acyl chlorides.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also a precursor to 2,2-dimethylaziridine.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) appears as a clear light colored liquid. Insoluble in water and about the same density as water.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used to make other chemicals.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has been elucidated and its structural and electronic properties investigated by density functional theory calculations and natural bond orbital analyses.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is of low acute toxicity.
The undiluted substance causes corrosion of the eyes and severe skin irritation.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is not sensitizing.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can cause damage and haemorrhage in the gastrointestinal mucosa.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is less toxic than the free base.
The buffer 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has been shown to be very well suited for the determination of the activity of enzymes like alkaline phosphatase, lactate and malate dehydrogenase.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)s useful pH range (pKa 9.69 [25°C]) meets the requirements for the enzyme reactions (alkaline phosphatase pH 10.4; lactate dehydrogenase pH 9.9; malate dehydrogenase pH 10.4; according to ref. 1).
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) serves as a phosphate acceptor for alkaline phosphatase.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) requires higher buffer concentrations - concentrations of 1 M will not inhibit the enzyme - to prevent changes in pH by CO₂ from the air.

Especially small reaction volumes are sensitive for such influences.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can also be used for the determination of the activity of human chymase in a composite buffer system.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has a low melting point (18 - 26°C) and has to be liquified at approx. 35°C to prepare a buffer solution.

The liquified 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has a high viscosity, which makes its handling more difficult.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of amines.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has been used as an antimicrobial agent in surface methodology experiments with human serum.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) exhibits hydroxyl group and fatty acid properties, which are important for its antimicrobial activity.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) reacts with glycol ethers to form a hydroxyl group, which may be the reason for its disinfectant properties.
The kinetic data for 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) suggests that it undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction mechanism.

This reaction is reversible and depends on the pH value and temperature of the solution.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has been shown to have an experimental solubility of 0.01 g/L at 25 °C, but its chemical stability is not known.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the preparation of buffer solutions, suitable for the determination of alkaline phosphatase.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an organic compound with both amine and alcohol substituents.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)s are chemical bases.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)s neutralize acids to form salts plus water.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)s are exothermic.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)s may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a synthetic ingredient that functions as a buffer to adjust the pH of cosmetics and personal care products.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the formulation of creams and lotions, hair sprays, wave sets, hair dyes and colors, eye and facial products, and other hair and skin care products.

The main function of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) in these products is to establish and hold the pH.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has been used as an component in enzyme assay for screening the alkaline phosphatase activity.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a substituted aliphatic alcohol and is used majorly as a pH balancer in cosmetic formulations.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has phototoxic effect as it can interact and penetrate above the sebum layer.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is commonly used as a pH neutralizer, dispersant, surfactant and compatibilizer in architectural paints, caulks and sealants as well as artist products.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is widely used as the Carbon dioxide (CO2) absorbent in process industries.

Recent technology has shown that a mixture of MEA with other amines can enhance its capability as CO2 absorbent.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) into aqueous phase containing MEA was reported in this study.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is widely used as the standard method of preservation for Natural Rubber (NR) latex.

Because 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is volatile its concentration in latex is difficult to control.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for pigment dispersion in water-based coatings such as house paints.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a clear, colorless liquid that neutralizes acids to form salts and water.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an alkanolamine.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) acts as a co-dispersant for particulate systems 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) Component of powerful anionic emulsifier systems acts as a formaldehyde scavenger AMP-90 (2-Amino-2 Methyl-1-Propanol).
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) enables formulation of metalworking fluids metalworking fluids with extended fluid longevity.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) useful raw material for synthesis applications.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a very efficient dispersant for pigments, and neutralizer for anionic emulsification systems.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) contributes pH stability, low odor, and anticorrosive properties; furthermore, AMP-90 (2-Amino-2 Methyl-1-Propanol) promotes acceptance of colorants.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an effective emulsifier for polyethylene and wax by either the normal emulsification techniques or those requiring pressure.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a very efficient amino alcohol for neutralizing acid-functional resins to make them suitable for use in water-borne coatings and other aqueous applications.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) exhibits higher gloss and greater water resistance than do formulations based on other neutralizing amines.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for the dispersion of TiO2 and also to control the water retention and mottling.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) also functions in dilute aqueous solutions containing small amounts of formaldehyde to scavenge that which otherwise might be released to the atmosphere.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) improves the longevity of use-diluted fluids, does not leach cobalt, and enhances the performance of certain approved biocides.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also an important additive for the personal care and cosmetics industries.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is compatible with virtually all fixative resins.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) high base strength and low molecular weight allow formulators to use significantly less AMP-90 (2-Amino-2 Methyl-1-Propanol) for resin neutralization.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a combustible liquid with a relatively high flash point and a low vapor pressure at ordinary temperatures.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) should not be exposed unnecessarily to the atmosphere, since it can pick up moisture and carbon dioxide due to its amine functionality.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has equal characteristics of AMP-95, but containing 10% added water.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is ideal for low temperature environments.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) amino alcohol is a colorless, mobile liquid that 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has a variety of uses in the metalworking fluids, paint and coatings, boiler water systems and personal care applications.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be used as an amine for resin neutralization, as a co-dispersant, formaldehyde scavenger, corrosion inhibitor and raw material for synthesis.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is widely recognized as a multifunctional additive for all types of latex emulsion paints.
In a formulation, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be used as a powerful co-dispersant to prevent reagglomeration of pigments.
At the same time, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) will contribute significant benefits to the overall performance of the coating.

The benefits and performance improvements made possible by 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) in different stages of paint manufacture are.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) reduces dispersant dem 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) optimizes pigment dispersion.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) reduces foam (through dispersant reduction) AMP-90 (2-Amino-2 Methyl-1-Propanol) provides effective pH control.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) lowers raw material costs. AMP-90 (2-Amino-2 Methyl-1-Propanol) improves thickener performance.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) eliminates need for ammonia, resulting in a lower odor paint.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) improves color acceptance of shading pastes.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) improves scrub and water resistance.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) reduces in-can corrosion and flash rusting.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) effective in low odor systems.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is well-above the non-toxic level.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for the preparation of buffer solution and in cosmetics.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also used in ATR-FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the carbon monoxide absorption characteristics of a series of heterocyclic diamines.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), or aminomethyl propanol is a colorless, viscous liquid that functions as a pH adjuster.
It is also used as an intermediate in drug synthetic schemes.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is commonly used as a buffering agent in various formulations, including personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and industrial applications, due to its ability to maintain a stable pH.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers, which are key components in detergents, cleaning agents, and personal care products.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals, including pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the formulation of water-based coatings and paints to improve dispersion and stability.

Melting point: 24-28 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 165 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.934 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: 3 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.4455(lit.)
Flash point: 153 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
form: Low Melting Solid
Specific Gravity: 0.934
color: Colorless
PH: 11.0-12.0 (25℃, 0.1M in H2O)
pka: 9.7(at 25℃)
PH Range: 9.0 - 10.5
Odor: at 100.00?%. mild ammonia
Water Solubility: miscible
λmax λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.01
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck: 14,449
BRN: 505979
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. May present an explosion hazard if heated.
InChIKey: CBTVGIZVANVGBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.63 at 20℃

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) flask with mechanical stirring, first add 200ml of water, add a few drops of dilute sulfuric acid to make it slightly acidic (pH=3.5-4), then heat to 40-50, and start adding 99.0 at the same time.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and 400ml dilute sulfuric acid aqueous solution, keep the temperature and slightly acidic condition, drop 2,2-dimethylaziridine, then continue to react at this temperature 1h, then under reduced pressure distillation to remove 80% of the water, add 500ml ethanol to the obtained system, neutralize with 30% sodium hydroxide to pH=9.5-10, filter and remove the salt, the obtained filtrate is distilled out of ethanol under normal pressure , And then distilled under reduced pressure to obtain crude 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP).

This crude product is then rectified to obtain 112.9g 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) refined product with a yield of about 91.0%, chromatographic purity is about 99.4%.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a synthetic ingredient that functions as a buffer to adjust the pH of cosmetics and personal care products.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can also be classified as an alkanolamine, which means that its structure contains both hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) functional groups on an alkane backbone.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be synthetically produced by the hydrogenation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is soluble in water and is about the same density as water.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the formulation of creams and lotions, hair sprays, wave sets, hair dyes and colors, eye and facial products, and other hair and skin care products.

The main function of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) in these products is to establish and hold the pH. In chemistry, pH stands for ‘potential hydrogen.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) refers to the level of acidity or alkalinity in a given solution.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a colorless, mobile liquid that has a variety of uses in the metalworking fluids, paint and coatings, boiler water systems and personal care applications.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be used as an amine for resin neutralization, as a co-dispersant, formaldehyde scavenger, corrosion inhibitor and raw material for synthesis.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is considered safe as currently used in amounts of 2% or less in cosmetic formulas.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can penetrate skin’s uppermost layers, but does not go further, meaning AMP-90 (2-Amino-2 Methyl-1-Propanol) does not get into the body.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is believed to aid the penetration of other skin care ingredients which in some circumstances (such as exfoliating acids) can make them more effective.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a clear, colorless liquid that neutralizes acids to form salts and water.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an alkanolamine. Apart from the ingredients actual side effects.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) could also form nitrosamines in products.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) improves the longevity of use-diluted fluids, does not leach cobalt, and enhances the performance of certain approved biocides.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also an important additive for the personal care and cosmetics industries.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is compatible with virtually all fixative resins.
To take full advantage of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) as a co-dispersant, up to 30% of the existing dispersant solids can be replaced by an equal weight of AMP-90 (2 Amino-2 Methyl-1-Propanol).
This generally amounts to 0.05 to 0.1 percent of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) on the total weight of the formulation.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a synthetic ingredient used in cosmetics as a pH adjuster.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be found in concentrations above 12%.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an effective emulsifier by either normal emulsification techniques or those requiring pressure.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a very efficient amine for neutralizing the carboxylic acid moieties in acid-functional resins to make them suitable for use in water-borne coatings and other aqueous applications.
Such coatings formulations exhibit higher gloss and greater water resistance than do formulations based on other neutralizing amines.Boiler-water systems:
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) does not contribute to ammonia release as do some other amines.Personal care.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is compatible with virtually all fixative resins.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)s high base strength and low molecular weight allow formulators to use significantly less AMP for resin neutralization.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can also be used to neutralize Carbomer resins, in emulsification together with stearic acid, and to make amides and other derivatives used as cosmetic ingredients.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is defined in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook as a substituted aliphatic alcohol.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can also be classified as an alkanolamine, which means that its structure contains both hydroxyl (-OH) and amino (-NH2) functional groups on an alkane backbone.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be synthetically produced by the hydrogenation of 2-aminoisobutyric acid or AMP-90 (2-Amino-2 Methyl-1-Propanol) esters.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is soluble in water and is about the same density as water.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the formulation of creams and lotions, hair sprays, wave sets, hair dyes and colors, eye and facial products, and other hair and skin care products.
The main function of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) in these products is to establish and hold the pH.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) refers to the level of acidity or alkalinity in a given solution.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for the preparation of buffer solutions, suitable for the determination of alkaline phosphatase.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for the preparation of buffer solution and in cosmetics.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also used in ATR-FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the carbon monoxide absorption characteristics of a series of heterocyclic diamines.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an aminoalcohol.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)s neutralize acids to form salts plus water. ,

These acid-base reactions are exothermic.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)s may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) should be handled with care, as it can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Proper protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be used when handling this compound.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is important to follow safety guidelines and regulations when working with AMP in industrial or laboratory settings.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in formulations that require pH stability, such as personal care products (shampoos, lotions, creams), pharmaceuticals, and industrial cleaning agents.
Its buffering capacity helps maintain the desired pH over a wide range of conditions.
As a surfactant, AMP reduces the surface tension between two liquids or a liquid and a solid, aiding in the mixing and stabilization of formulations.

This property is valuable in cleaning agents, cosmetics, and paints where uniform distribution and stability are crucial.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the synthesis of various chemical compounds, including:
As a building block for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients.

In the production of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
As a reactant in the production of specialty polymers and resins.
In water-based paints and coatings, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) helps improve the dispersion of pigments and fillers, enhancing the stability and appearance of the final product.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) also aids in improving the drying time and durability of coatings.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is considered to have low acute toxicity, but it can cause irritation upon contact with skin, eyes, or if inhaled.
Long-term exposure should be avoided.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is biodegradable, which makes it a more environmentally friendly option compared to some other industrial chemicals.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) use personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, safety goggles, and lab coats.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) ensure proper ventilation in the work area.

In case of spills, contain and clean up immediately using appropriate absorbent materials.
Follow all relevant safety data sheet (SDS) guidelines for storage and disposal.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is registered under the European Union's REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals) regulation, ensuring its safety and compliance for use in Europe.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) inventory, indicating its approved use in the United States.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also listed on various international chemical inventories, including Canada (DSL), Australia (AICS), and Japan (ENCS).
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in shampoos, conditioners, lotions, and creams to provide buffering and stabilizing properties.

Formulated into cleaning agents for metal surfaces, equipment, and general industrial cleaning applications.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants for improved stability and performance.
Utilized in textile processing to enhance dye uptake and fabric softening.

Uses:
Because 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has the advantages of excellent absorption and desorption capacity, high loading capacity, and low replenishment cost.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is one of the promising amines considered for usage in the industrial scale post-combustion CO2 capture technology.
At present, there are a large number of studies on the performance of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) for CO2 adsorption.

Using 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) as the core adsorbent and silica as the shell, the AMP microcapsules prepared are expected to replace conventional adsorbents to achieve carbon dioxide capture in cold environments.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for the preparation of buffer solutions, suitable for the determination of alkaline phosphatase.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also used in ATR-FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the carbon monoxide absorption characteristics of a series of heterocyclic diamines.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) has been used as an component in enzyme assay for screening the alkaline phosphatase activity in sarcoma osteogenic (SaOS-2) cells.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for the preparation of buffer solutions.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a component of the drugs ambuphylline and pamabrom.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is also used in cosmetics.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is a precursor to oxazolines via its reaction with acyl chlorides.
Via sulfation of the alcohol, the compound is also a precursor to 2,2-dimethylaziridine.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used as an intermediate the synthesis of fepradinol, isobucaine, and radafaxine.
Used to make other chemicals (surface-active agents, vulcanization accelerators, and pharmaceuticals) and as an emulsifying agent for cosmetic creams and lotions, mineral oil and paraffin wax emulsions, leather dressings, textile specialties, polishes, cleaning compounds, and so-called soluble oils.
Also used in hair sprays, wave sets, hair dyes, Pamabrom (drug), and absorbents for acidic gases

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used as a pigment dispersant for water-based paints, resin solubilizer, corrosion inhibitor, protecting agent for carbonyl groups and in
boiler-water treatment
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used as a surfactant and emulsifier to improve the mixing and stability of formulations.
Enhances the cleaning efficiency by reducing surface tension.

Improves the texture and stability of creams, lotions, and other cosmetic products.
Enhances pigment dispersion and stability in water-based paints and coatings.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is an important intermediate in the synthesis of various chemical products.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and excipients.
Intermediate in the production of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the manufacture of specialty polymers and resins.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in water-based coatings and paints to improve their performance.
Helps in the uniform distribution of pigments and fillers.
Enhances the stability and appearance of the final product.

Improves the drying time and durability of coatings.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants for better performance.
Provides stability to adhesive formulations.

Enhances the bonding strength and durability of adhesives and sealants.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is utilized in textile processing for various applications.
Improves dye uptake and color fastness in fabrics.

Acts as a softening agent to improve the texture of fabrics.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in metalworking fluids to enhance their performance.
Helps in preventing corrosion of metal surfaces.

Improves the lubrication properties of metalworking fluids.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in water treatment processes.
Helps in maintaining the desired pH in water treatment systems.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used to control corrosion in water treatment equipment and pipes.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP)is studied for its potential applications in green chemistry and sustainable product formulations.
Its biodegradable nature makes it suitable for environmentally friendly applications.

Ongoing research explores new uses and improved formulations incorporating 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP).
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is considered to have low acute toxicity but can cause irritation upon contact.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is biodegradable, making it an environmentally friendly option.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is compliant with various international regulations, ensuring its safe use in multiple applications.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the production of polyurethanes, which are polymers made by reacting diisocyanates with polyols.
Used in mattresses, furniture cushions, and automotive seating.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) insulation panels, refrigerators, and freezers.
Shoe soles, wheels, and industrial rollers.
Protective coatings, sealants, and adhesives.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in gas treating processes to remove acidic gases from gas streams.
Removes carbon dioxide (CO₂) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from natural gas.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the treatment of flue gases to remove sulfur compounds.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the formulation of photographic chemicals.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) acts as a buffering agent in developing solutions to maintain the pH.
Used in fixing solutions to stabilize the developed image.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the production and maintenance of electronic components.
Used in cleaning and etching solutions for PCBs.
Employed in the manufacturing process of semiconductor devices.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in various applications within the oil and gas industry.
Acts as a stabilizer and pH adjuster in drilling fluids.
Used to protect pipelines and equipment from corrosion.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be used in the food industry for specific applications, though its use is more limited compared to other chemicals.
Used in cleaning and sanitizing solutions for food processing equipment.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in construction materials and products.

Improves the properties of concrete, such as workability and setting time.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in formulations to enhance durability and performance.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the paper and pulp industry for various applications.

Maintains the desired pH in paper processing solutions.
Helps in the dispersion of fillers and pigments in paper coatings.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the formulation of agricultural chemicals.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides.
Acts as a stabilizer in certain fertilizer formulations.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is employed in mining processes.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the flotation process to separate valuable minerals from ore.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) can be used as a plasticizer in the production of plastics.
Improves the flexibility and durability of plastic products.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used in the production of inks and dyes.
Helps in stabilizing ink formulations.
Maintains the desired pH in dyeing solutions.

2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) should be stored in a cool, dry place away from incompatible substances.
Containers should be tightly closed and properly labeled.
In case of a spill, isolate the area and clean up using appropriate absorbent materials.

Health Hazard:
Causes severe irritation.
Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation, and edema of laryns and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema.
Symptoms of exposure may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting.

Safety Profile:
On March 21, 2014, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) issued a direct final rule with a parallel proposal identifying 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) (also known as AMP) as a chemical compound that it will no longer be regulated as a volatile organic compound (VOC) under the Clean Air Act.
This will remove 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) from regulatory requirements related to controlling VOC emissions in order to meet the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for ozone.

EPA will add 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) to the list of negligibly reactive compounds in EPA’s regulatory definition of VOC.
2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) is used for pigment dispersion in water-based coatings such as house paints.
Excluding this compound from the regulatory definition of VOC, facilitates access to 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) for manufacturers of water-based coatings in order to meet VOCs limits without impairing the performance of their products or using other more toxic chemicals.

2-AMINOACETIC ACID
2-Aminoacetic acid, also known as glycine, is the simplest amino acid and is considered a building block for proteins.
2-aminoacetic acid a white, odorless, crystalline powder having a sweetish taste.
Its solution is acid to litmus.
2-aminoacetic acid has a chemical formula of C2H5NO2 and is considered a non-essential amino acid because the human body can synthesize it on its own.

CAS Number: 56-40-6
Molecular Formula: C2H5NO2
Molecular Weight: 75.07
EINECS Number: 200-272-2

2-aminoacetic acid is an important compound that plays a significant role in various biological processes.
2-aminoacetic acid, also known as lactic acid, is an organic acid that is produced during anaerobic respiration.
2-aminoacetic acid is also produced in muscles during intense exercise, leading to the feeling of muscle fatigue.

2-aminoacetic acid is very slightly soluble in alcohol and in ether.
2-aminoacetic acid may be prepared from chloroacetic acid and ammonia; from protein sources, such as gelatin and silk fibroin; from ammonium bicarbonate and sodium cyanide; by catalytic cleavage of serine; from hydrobromic acid and methyleneaminoacetonitrile.

2-Aminoacetic acid is also known as glycine.
2-Aminoacetic acid is the simplest amino acid and is an important building block of proteins in living organisms.

2-aminoacetic acid plays various roles in the body, including serving as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and being involved in the synthesis of other important molecules.
2-aminoacetic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH2NH2.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an amino acid and is found often in small quantites in proteins.

2-Aminoacetic acid can be found in myoglobin and hemoglobin.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an amino acid.
2-Aminoacetic acid's not essential to make proteins and its 3 letter abbreviation is Gly.

2-Aminoacetic acid's structure consists of a H, COOH, and NH2 bound to CH.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an organic compound with the formula HO2CCH2NH2.
2-Aminoacetic acid is the simplest of the twenty amino acids.

2-Aminoacetic acid is importanct in the synthesis of proteins, peptides, purines, etc.
2-Aminoacetic acids three letter code is gly, its one letter code is G.
2-Aminoacetic acid is not essential to the human diet, since 2-Aminoacetic acid is synthesized in the body.

2-Aminoacetic acid is one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins.
2-Aminoacetic acid’s an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, especially in the spinal cord, brainstem, and retina.

Glycine is one of the proteinogenic amino acids.
2-aminoacetic acid is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG).
2-aminoacetic acid is integral to the formation of alpha-helices in secondary protein structure due to its compact form.

For the same reason, it is the most abundant amino acid in collagen triple-helices.
2-aminoacetic acid is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter – interference with its release within the spinal cord (such as during a Clostridium tetani infection) can cause spastic paralysis due to uninhibited muscle contraction.

It is the only achiral proteinogenic amino acid.
2-aminoacetic acid can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments, due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom.
2-Aminoacetic acid is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol and ether.

2-Aminoacetic acid is capable of acting together with hydrochloric acid to form hydrochloride salt.
2-Aminoacetic acid is presented in the muscles of animals.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an amino acid used as a texturizer in cosmetic formulations.

2-Aminoacetic acid makes up approximately 30 percent of the collagen molecule.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a nonessential amino acid that functions as a nutrient and dietary supplement.
2-Aminoacetic acid has a solubility of 1 g in 4 ml of water and is abundant in collagen.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used to mask the bitter aftertaste of sac- charin, for example, in artificially sweetened soft drinks.
2-Aminoacetic acid retards rancidity in fat.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an organic compound most commonly found in animal proteins.

2-Aminoacetic acids chemical formula is HO2CCH2NH2 and its molar mass is 75.07.
In addition, 2-Aminoacetic acid is usually found in the industrial material called chloroacetic acid.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an organic compound most commonly found in animal proteins.

2-Aminoacetic acid, C2H5NO2, is an amino acid that appears in sugar cane.
2-Aminoacetic acid is sweet-tasting, and gotten from the alkaline hydrolysis of gelatin.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a sweetener and medicine.

2-Aminoacetic acid is an organic compound that can be obtained via hydrolysis of proteins.
2-Aminoacetic acid is known to be a sweet tasting amino acid that can be synthesized by the human body.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a nonessential and the simplest kind of amino acid.

2-Aminoacetic acid is found in protein and has a sweet taste.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used to reduce the bitter aftertaste of saccharin.
2-Aminoacetic acid an organic compound that is usually found in animal proteins as one of the twenty amino acids.

2-Aminoacetic acid is also used as a treatment of chloroacetic acid with ammonia.
In addition, 2-Aminoacetic acid is the only amino acid that is not optically active.
Most proteins contain only small quantities of 2-Aminoacetic acid.

2-Aminoacetic acid is the organic compound with the formula HO2CCH2NH2.
2-Aminoacetic acid is one of the 20 amino acids commonly found in animal proteins.
2-Aminoacetic acids three letter code is gly, and its one letter code is G.

2-Aminoacetic acid is of the simplest structure in the 20 members of amino acid series, also known as amino acetate.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a non-essential amino acid for the human body and contains both acidic and basic functional group inside its molecule.
2-Aminoacetic acid, as an important fine chemical intermediates, are widely used in pesticide,medicine, food, feed and other fields, especially since the advent of global herbicide glyphosate, the application of 2-Aminoacetic acid in pesticide industry has been greatly enhanced.

2-Aminoacetic acid is the production of raw materials of glyphosate herbicide and plant growth regulator increases the important intermediate of gansu phosphine.
With phosphorus trichloride,formaldehyde reaction of hydrolysis product reacts with 2-Aminoacetic acid, but making new pesticide glyphosate herbicide.
Thickening of gansu phosphine: 2-Aminoacetic acid and formaldehyde, phosphorus trichloride reaction products under 110 for increasing phosphorus, phosphorus increase gump is a highly efficient foliar application of plant growth regulator, widely used in all kinds of crops, also can be used as defoliant before harvest.

2-Aminoacetic acid in potash and phosphate fertilizer to promote plant absorption of potassium and phosphorus.
2-Aminoacetic acid in feed additive, not only is the main nutritional supplements in the livestock and poultry feed ingredients, feed can also prevent the oxidation, extending freshness, feed cattle and sheep feed abroad that 2-Aminoacetic acid, domestic breeding industry has not been widely used, application of 2-Aminoacetic acid in this field to be further development.

2-Aminoacetic acid is the simplest stable amino acid (carbamic acid is unstable), with the chemical formula NH2‐CH2‐COOH.
2-Aminoacetic acid is one of the proteinogenic amino acids.
2-Aminoacetic acid is encoded by all the codons starting with GG (GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG).

2-Aminoacetic acid is integral to the formation of alpha-helices in secondary protein structure due to its compact form.
For the same reason, it is the most abundant 2-Aminoacetic acid in collagen triple-helices.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also an inhibitory neurotransmitter interference with its release within the spinal cord (such as during a Clostridium tetani infection) can cause spastic paralysis due to uninhibited muscle contraction.

2-Aminoacetic acid is a colorless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid.
2-Aminoacetic acid is the only achiral proteinogenic amino acid.
2-Aminoacetic acid can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments, due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom.

2-Aminoacetic acid is of the simplest structure in the 20 members of amino acid series, also known as amino acetate.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a non-essential amino acid for the human body and contains both acidic and basic functional group inside its molecule.
2-Aminoacetic acid exhibits as a strong electrolyte an aqueous solution, and has a large solubility in strong polar solvents but almost insoluble in non-polar solvents.

2-Aminoacetic acid also has a relative high melting point and boiling point.
The adjustment of the pH of the aqueous solution can make glycine exhibit different molecular forms.
The side chain of 2-Aminoacetic acid contains only a hydrogen atom.

Owing to another hydrogen atom connecting to the α-carbon atom, the 2-Aminoacetic acid is not optical isomer.
Since the side bond of 2-Aminoacetic acid is very small, it can occupy space which can’t be occupied by other amino acids, such as those amino acids located within the collagen helix.
At room temperature, it exhibits as white crystal or light yellow crystalline powder and has a unique sweet taste which can ease the taste of acid and alkaline taste, masking the bitter taste of saccharin in food and enhance the sweetness.

However, if an excessive amount of 2-Aminoacetic acid is absorbed by body, they not only can’t be totally absorbed by the body, but will also break the balance of the body's absorption of amino acids as well as affect the absorption of other kinds of amino acids, leading to nutrient imbalances and negatively affected health.
The milk drink with glycine being the major raw material can easily does harm to the normal growth and development of young people and children.
2-Aminoacetic acid has a density of 1.1607, melting point of 232~236 °C (decomposition).

2-Aminoacetic acid is soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol and ether.
2-Aminoacetic acid is capable of acting together with hydrochloric acid to form hydrochloride salt.
2-Aminoacetic acid is presented in the muscles of animals.

2-Aminoacetic acid can be produced from the reaction between monochloro acetate and ammonium hydroxide as well as from the hydrolysis of gelation with further refining.
2-Aminoacetic acids acid–base properties are most important.
In aqueous solution, 2-Aminoacetic acid is amphoteric: below pH = 2.4, it converts to the ammonium cation called glycinium.

2-Aminoacetic acid functions as a bidentate ligand for many metal ions, forming amino acid complexesss.
A typical complex is Cu(glycinate)2, i.e. Cu(H2NCH2CO2)2, which exists both in cis and trans isomers.
With acid chlorides, 2-Aminoacetic acid converts to the amidocarboxylic acid, such as hippuric acid and acetyl2-Aminoacetic acid.

2-Aminoacetic acid forms esters with alcohols.
They are often isolated as their hydrochloride, e.g., 2-Aminoacetic acid methyl ester hydrochloride.
Otherwise the free ester tends to convert to diketopiperazine.

As a bifunctional molecule, 2-Aminoacetic acid reacts with many reagents.
These can be classified into N-centered and carboxylate-center reactions.
The principal function of 2-Aminoacetic acid is it act as a precursor to proteins.

Most proteins incorporate only small quantities of 2-Aminoacetic acid, a notable exception being collagen, which contains about 35% 2-Aminoacetic acid due to its periodically repeated role in the formation of collagen's helix structure in conjunction with hydroxyproline.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemical products.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used in the manufacture of the herbicides glyphosate, iprodione, glyphosine, imiprothrin, and eglinazine.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as an intermediate of the medicine such as thiamphenicol.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and works as an allosteric regulator of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors.

2-Aminoacetic acid is involved in processing of motor and sensory data, thereby regulating movement, vision and audition.
Inhibitory neurotransmitter in spinal cord, allosteric regulator of NMDA receptors.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a non-essential, non-polar, non-optical, glucogenic amino acid. 2-Aminoacetic acid, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, triggers chloride ion influx via ionotropic receptors, thereby creating an inhibitory post-synaptic potential.

In contrast, this agent also acts as a co-agonist, along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an important component and precursor for many macromolecules in the cells.
2-Aminoacetic acid is the simplest (and the only achiral) proteinogenic amino acid, with a hydrogen atom as its side chain.

2-Aminoacetic acid has a role as a nutraceutical, a hepatoprotective agent, an EC 2.1.2.1 (2-Aminoacetic acid hydroxymethyltransferase) inhibitor, a NMDA receptor agonist, a micronutrient, a fundamental metabolite and a neurotransmitter.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an alpha-amino acid, a serine family amino acid and a proteinogenic amino acid.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a conjugate base of a glycinium.

2-Aminoacetic acid is a conjugate acid of a glycinate.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a tautomer of a 2-Aminoacetic acid zwitterion.
2-Aminoacetic acid appears as white crystals.

2-Aminoacetic acid is an amino acid that your body uses to create proteins, which it needs for the growth and maintenance of tissue and for making important substances, such as hormones and enzymes.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an amino acid the body can make 2-Aminoacetic acid on its own, but it is also consumed in the diet.
2-Aminoacetic acid, the simplest amino acid, obtainable by hydrolysis of proteins.

Sweet-tasting, 2-Aminoacetic acid was among the earliest amino acids to be isolated from gelatin (1820).
In the genetic code, 2-Aminoacetic acid is coded by all codons starting with GG, namely GGU, GGC, GGA and GGG.
In the US, 2-Aminoacetic acid is typically sold in two grades: United States Pharmacopeia (“USP”), and technical grade.

USP grade sales account for approximately 80 to 85 percent of the U.S. market for 2-Aminoacetic acid.
If purity greater than the USP standard is needed, for example for intravenous injections, a more expensive pharmaceutical grade 2-Aminoacetic acid can be used.
Technical grade 2-Aminoacetic acid, which may or may not meet USP grade standards, is sold at a lower price for use in industrial applications, e.g., as an agent in metal complexing and finishing.

Glycine (abbreviated as Gly or G) is an organic compound with the formula NH2CH2COOH. Having a hydrogen substituent as its side-chain, glycine is the smallest of the 20 amino acids commonly found in proteins. Its codons are GGU, GGC, GGA, GGG of the genetic code.
Glycine is a colourless, sweet-tasting crystalline solid. It is unique among the proteinogenic amino acids in that it is not chiral. It can fit into hydrophilic or hydrophobic environments, due to its minimal side chain of only one hydrogen atom. Glycine is also the genus name of the Soybean plant (species name = Glycine max).

2-Aminoacetic acid is manufactured exclusively by chemical synthesis, and two main processes are practiced today.
The direct amination of chloroacetic acid with a large excess of ammonia gives good yields of glycine without producing large amounts of di- and trialkylated products.
This process is widely used in China, where the main application of the glycine is as a raw material for the herbicide glyphosate.

The other main process is the Strecker synthesis.
The direct Strecker reaction of formaldehyde and ammonium cyanide produces methylene amino acetonitrile, which must be hydrolyzed in two stages to produce 2-Aminoacetic acid.

An alternative method, which is more often applied for the homologous amino acids, is the Bucherer–Bergs reaction.
Reaction of formaldehyde and ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate gives the intermediate hydantoin, which can be hydrolyzed to glycine in a separate step.

Melting point: 240 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boiling point: 233°C
Density: 1.595
vapor pressure: 0.0000171 Pa (25 °C)
FEMA: 3287 | GLYCINE
refractive index: 1.4264 (estimate)
Flash point: 176.67°C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: H2O: 100 mg/mL
form: powder
pka: 2.35(at 25℃)
color: PH: 4(0.2 molar aqueous solution)
Odor: Odorless
PH Range: 4
Odor Type: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (25 ºC)
λmax: λ: 260 nm Amax: 0.05
λ: 280 nm Amax: 0.05
JECFA Number: 1421
Merck: 14,4491
BRN: 635782
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.21

2-Aminoacetic acid acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
2-Aminoacetic acid binds to 2-Aminoacetic acid; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid receptors, leading to the opening of chloride channels and hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic neuron.
2-Aminoacetic acid also acts as a co-agonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which is involved in learning and memory.

2-Aminoacetic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration in muscles.
2-Aminoacetic acid accumulates in the muscle tissue, leading to a decrease in pH and the feeling of muscle fatigue.
2-Aminoacetic acid also acts as a signaling molecule, regulating various physiological processes.

2-Aminoacetic acid has been shown to have various biochemical and physiological effects.
2-Aminoacetic acid is involved in the synthesis of collagen, an important component of connective tissue.
2-Aminoacetic acid also plays a role in the synthesis of heme, a component of hemoglobin.

2-Aminoacetic acid has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent for various diseases.
2-Aminoacetic acid has been shown to have various biochemical and physiological effects.
2-Aminoacetic acid is involved in the regulation of pH in the body.

2-Aminoacetic acid also acts as a signaling molecule, regulating various physiological processes such as glucose metabolism, insulin secretion, and muscle adaptation to exercise.
2-Aminoacetic acid is the simplest amino acid in terms of molecular structure.
2-Aminoacetic acid consists of a single hydrogen atom as its side chain (R-group), which makes it the only amino acid that is achiral (lacking a chiral center).

2-Aminoacetic acids chemical formula is C2H5NO2.
2-Aminoacetic acid is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are commonly found in proteins.
During protein synthesis, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be incorporated into the polypeptide chain at specific positions, contributing to the overall structure and function of the protein.

In the central nervous system, 2-Aminoacetic acid acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter.
2-Aminoacetic acid plays a role in signal transmission between nerve cells and can help regulate neural activity.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a crucial component of collagen, which is the most abundant protein in the human body and provides structural support to various tissues, including skin, bones, and tendons.

2-Aminoacetic acid is involved in various metabolic pathways.
2-Aminoacetic acid participates in the synthesis of other important molecules, including creatine, heme (found in hemoglobin), and glutathione (an antioxidant).
2-Aminoacetic acid is naturally present in many protein-containing foods, such as meat, fish, dairy products, and legumes.

2-Aminoacetic acid can also be obtained through dietary supplements.
Some potential health benefits of 2-Aminoacetic acid supplementation have been studied, including its role in improving sleep quality, supporting muscle growth, and promoting skin health.
However, more research is needed to establish these effects conclusively.

2-Aminoacetic acid has various industrial applications, including its use as a sweetener (known as E640) and in the production of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a significant component of some solutions used in the SDS-PAGE method of protein analysis.
2-Aminoacetic acid serves as a buffering agent, maintaining pH and preventing sample damage during electrophoresis.

2-Aminoacetic acid is also used to remove protein-labeling antibodies from Western blot membranes to enable the probing of numerous proteins of interest from SDS-PAGE gel.
This allows more data to be drawn from the same specimen, increasing the reliability of the data, reducing the amount of sample processing, and number of samples required.
This process is known as stripping.

2-Aminoacetic acid has been extensively studied for its role in protein synthesis and neurotransmission.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also used as a buffer in various biochemical processes.
2-Aminoacetic acid has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, making it a promising therapeutic agent for various diseases.

2-Aminoacetic acid has been studied for its role in muscle fatigue and lactate threshold.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also used in the food industry as a preservative and flavoring agent.
2-Aminoacetic acid has been shown to have antimicrobial and antifungal properties, making it a potential therapeutic agent for various infections.

History of discovery:
2-Aminoacetic acid are organic acids containing an amino group and are the basic units of protein.
They are generally colorless crystals with a relative high melting point (over 200 °C).
2-Aminoacetic acid is soluble in water with amphiprotic ionization characteristics and can have sensitive colorimetric reaction with ninhydrin reagent.

In 1820, 2-Aminoacetic acid with the simplest structure was first discovered in a protein hydrolysis product.
Until 1940, 2-Aminoacetic acid has been found that there were about 20 kinds of amino acids in nature.
They are necessary for the protein synthesis of both human and animal.

They are mostly α-L-type amino acids.
According to the different number of amino groups and carboxyl groups contained in 2-Aminoacetic acid, we classify amino acids into neutral amino acids (glycine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, cystine, cysteine, A methionine, threonine, serine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline and hydroxyproline, etc.) with the amino acid molecules containing only one amino group and a carboxyl group; acidic amino acid (glutamate, aspartate) which contains two carboxyl and one amino group; alkaline amino acids (lysine, arginine) which molecularly contains one carboxyl group and two amino groups; Histidine contains a nitrogen ring which exhibits weakly alkaline and thus also belonging to alkaline amino acids.

2-Aminoacetic acid can be obtained both from protein hydrolysis and from chemical synthesis.
Since the 1960s, industrial production mainly applied microbial fermentation, such as monosodium glutamate factory has been widely applied fermentation method for production of glutamate.
In recent years, people has also applied petroleum hydrocarbons and other chemical products as raw materials of fermentation for production of amino acids.

Production Methods:
2-Aminoacetic acid was discovered in 1820, by Henri Braconnot who boiled gelatin with sulfuric acid.
2-Aminoacetic acid is manufactured industrially by treating chloroacetic acid with ammonia :
ClCH2COOH + 2 NH3→H2NCH2COOH + NH4Cl

About 15 million kg are produced annually in this way.
In the USA (by GEO Specialty Chemicals, Inc.) and in Japan (by Shoadenko), 2-Aminoacetic acid is produced via the Strecker amino acid synthesis.
Although 2-Aminoacetic acid can be isolated from hydrolyzed protein, this route is not used for industrial production, as it can be manufactured more conveniently by chemical synthesis.

The two main processes are amination of chloroacetic acid with ammonia, giving 2-Aminoacetic acid and ammonium chloride, and the Strecker amino acid synthesis, which is the main synthetic method in the United States and Japan.
About 15 thousand tonnes are produced annually in this way.

2-Aminoacetic acid is also cogenerated as an impurity in the synthesis of EDTA, arising from reactions of the ammonia coproduct.
2-Aminoacetic acid can be synthesized by two methods: the Strecker synthesis and the Gabriel synthesis.
The Strecker synthesis involves the reaction of ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, and formaldehyde to produce 2-Aminoacetic acid; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.

The Gabriel synthesis involves the reaction of potassium phthalimide with diethyl bromomalonate, followed by hydrolysis to produce 2-Aminoacetic acid; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid.
2-Aminoacetic acid can be produced by the fermentation of lactose or other sugars by bacteria.
2-Aminoacetic acid can also be produced by the breakdown of glucose in muscles during anaerobic respiration.

Uses
2-Aminoacetic acid is used for the pharmaceutical industry, organic synthesis and biochemical analysis.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a buffer for the preparation of tissue culture media and the testing of copper, gold and silver.
In medicine, 2-Aminoacetic acid is used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and progressive muscular atrophy, hyperacidity, chronic enteritis, and children hyperprolinemia diseases.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and progressive muscular atrophy; treatment of excess stomach acid ester disease, chronic enteritis (often in combination antacid); using in combination with aspirin can reduce the irritation of the stomach; treatment of children hyperprolinemia; as the nitrogen source for generating non-essential amino acid and can be added to a mixed amino acid injection.
2-Aminoacetic acid is primarily used as a nutritional additive in chicken feed.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a kind of nutritional supplement which is mainly used for flavoring.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used for alcoholic beverage in combination with alanine; the addition amount: grape wine: 0.4%, whiskey: 0.2%, champagne: 1.0%. Others such as powder soup: 2%; lees marinated foods: 1%.
Because 2-Aminoacetic acid is tasted like shrimp and cuttlefish, and thus can be used in sauces.

2-Aminoacetic acid has some certain inhibitory effects on the Bacillus subtilis and E. coli and thus can be used as the preservatives of surimi products and peanut butter with the added amount being 1% to 2%.
Because 2-Aminoacetic acid is amphiprotic ions containing both amino and carboxyl groups, it has a strong buffering property on the taste feeling of salt and vinegar.

The added amount is: salted products: 0.3% to 0.7%, acid stain product: 0.05% to 0.5%.
Antioxidant effect (with its metal chelation): being added to butter, cheese, and margarine extend the storage duration by 3 to 4 times.
To make the lard oil in baked food be stable, we can add 2.5% glucose and 0.5% 2-Aminoacetic acid.

Adding 0.1% to 0.5% 2-Aminoacetic acid to the wheat flour for making convenient noodles can play a role of flavoring.
In pharmacy, 2-Aminoacetic acid is used as antacids (hyperacidity), therapeutic agent for muscle nutritional disorder as well as antidotes.
Moreover, 2-Aminoacetic acid can also be used as the raw material for synthesizing amino acids like threonine.

2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as a spice according to the provisions of GB 2760-96.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also known as aminoacetic acid. In the field of pesticide production, it is used for synthesizing the glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride which is the intermediate for the synthesis of pyrethroid insecticides.

Moreover, 2-Aminoacetic acid can also be used for synthesizing fungicides iprodione and solid glyphosate herbicide; in addition it is also used in various kinds of other industries such as fertilizer, medicine, food additives, and spices.
2-Aminoacetic acid is widely used in biochemical and pharmacological experiments due to its low toxicity and high solubility.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also used as a buffer in various biochemical assays.

However, 2-Aminoacetic acid; 2-hydroxypropanoic acid can interfere with certain assays, leading to false results.
2-Aminoacetic acid is widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also used in various biochemical assays as a substrate or inhibitor.

2-Aminoacetic acid can interfere with certain assays, leading to false results.
2-Aminoacetic acid is ussed as a solvent to remove carbon dioxide in the fertilizer industry.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as amino acid preparations, the buffer of chlortetracycline buffer and as the raw material for synthesizing the anti-Parkinson's disease drugs L-dopa.

2-Aminoacetic acid is also the intermediate for producing ethyl imidazole.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also an adjunct therapy medicine for treating neural hyperacidity and effectively suppressing excess amount of gastric ulcer acid.
In the food industry, 2-Aminoacetic acid is used for the synthesis of alcohol, brewing products, meat processing and cold drinks formula.

As a food additive, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be used alone as a condiment and also used in combination with sodium glutamate, DL-alanine acid, and citric acid.
In other industries, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as a pH adjusting agent, being added to the plating solution, or used as the raw material for making other amino acids.
2-Aminoacetic acid can further be used as biochemical reagents and solvent in organic synthesis and biochemistry.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used as the intermediates of pharmaceutical and pesticide, decarbonation solvents of fertilizers, plating fluid, etc.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a solvent for removing carbon dioxide in the fertilizer industry.
In pharmaceutical industry, it is used as the buffer of chlortetracycline, amino antacids, and used for the preparation of L-dopa.

In food industry, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as flavoring agents, agent for removing saccharine bitter taste, for brewing, meat processing, and preparation of soft drinks.
In addition, it can also be used as a pH adjusting agent and used in the preparation of the plating solution.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as biochemical reagents for the pharmaceutical, food and feed additives; it can also be used as a non-toxic decarbonization agent in the field of fertilizer industry.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used for the pharmaceutical industry, organic synthesis and biochemical analysis.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a buffer for the preparation of tissue culture media and the testing of copper, gold and silver.
In medicine, 2-Aminoacetic acid is used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and progressive muscular atrophy, hyperacidity, chronic enteritis, and children hyperprolinemia diseases.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used for the treatment of myasthenia gravis and progressive muscular atrophy; treatment of excess stomach acid ester disease, chronic enteritis (often in combination antacid); using in combination with aspirin can reduce the irritation of the stomach; treatment of children hyperprolinemia; as the nitrogen source for generating non-essential amino acid and can be added to a mixed amino acid injection.
2-Aminoacetic acid is available as a dietary supplement in the form of capsules, powder, or tablets.

2-Aminoacetic acid supplements to potentially improve sleep quality, support muscle growth, or promote skin health.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also used in combination with other amino acids in various supplement formulations.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a food additive and flavor enhancer.

2-Aminoacetic acid is designated as "E640" and is often included in processed foods and beverages to enhance their taste.
2-Aminoacetic acid has pharmaceutical applications.
2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as an excipient in drug formulations, aiding in the solubility and stability of certain medications.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used in the production of some over-the-counter and prescription drugs.
2-Aminoacetic acid can be found in cosmetics and skincare products due to its potential benefits for skin health.
It is believed to help moisturize and improve the overall appearance of the skin.

2-Aminoacetic acid has several industrial uses, including its role in the manufacturing of chemicals such as glyphosate (a widely used herbicide) and other specialty chemicals.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also employed in metal chelation processes and as a buffering agent in various chemical reactions.
2-Aminoacetic acid is a common component in cell culture media used in biotechnology and research laboratories.

2-Aminoacetic acid provides a nitrogen source and helps regulate the pH of cell culture environments.
2-Aminoacetic acid functions as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, it is studied for its potential role in neurological research and the development of drugs that target neurotransmitter systems.

In animal nutrition, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be included in feed formulations to provide essential amino acids for livestock, poultry, and other animals.
In some specialized applications, 2-Aminoacetic acid-based compounds are used as flame retardants to reduce the flammability of materials.
2-Aminoacetic acid is sometimes included in sports nutrition products due to its potential role in supporting muscle growth and recovery.

2-Aminoacetic acid is often found in amino acid blends marketed to athletes.
2-Aminoacetic acid is primarily used as a nutritional additive in chicken feed.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a kind of nutritional supplement which is mainly used for flavoring.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used for alcoholic beverage in combination with alanine; the addition amount: grape wine: 0.4%, whiskey: 0.2%, champagne: 1.0%. Others such as powder soup: 2%; lees marinated foods: 1%.
2-Aminoacetic acid is tasted like shrimp and cuttlefish, and thus can be used in sauces.
2-Aminoacetic acid has some certain inhibitory effects on the Bacillus subtilis and E. coli and thus can be used as the preservatives of surimi products and peanut butter with the added amount being 1% to 2%.

2-Aminoacetic acid is amphiprotic ions containing both amino and carboxyl groups, it has a strong buffering property on the taste feeling of salt and vinegar.
2-Aminoacetic acid with antioxidant functions, used in butter, cheese, margarine, can prolong the shelf life of 3-4 times.
2-Aminoacetic acid can also be alone as a sweet taste, can be used in the production, candy and cookies for the prevention of high blood pressure is very good.

In the surfactant industry, with 2-Aminoacetic acid can synthesis of cationic and amphoteric surfactants, also can be used in the production of amino acid dye dyeing, used for skin care and cosmetics for cleaning after dispensing, in addition, to make foam, strong antioxidant drug cosmetics water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion,humidifying and thickening effect.
2-Aminoacetic acid can also be used for animal medicine additive, also can be used as a PH regulator to add in the plating solution.

Pharmaceutical grade 2-Aminoacetic acid is produced for some pharmaceutical applications, such as intravenous injections, where the customer’s purity requirements often exceed the minimum required under the USP grade designation.
Pharmaceutical grade 2-Aminoacetic acid is often produced to proprietary specifications and is typically sold at a premium over USP grade 2-Aminoacetic acid.

Technical grade 2-Aminoacetic acid, which may or may not meet USP grade standards, is sold for use in industrial applications; e.g., as an agent in metal complexing and finishing.
Technical grade 2-Aminoacetic acid is typically sold at a discount to USP grade 2-Aminoacetic acid.
Other markets for USP grade 2-Aminoacetic acid include its use an additive in pet food and animal feed.

For humans, 2-Aminoacetic acid is sold as a sweetener/taste enhancer.
Certain food supplements and protein drinks contain 2-Aminoacetic acid.
Certain drug formulations include 2-Aminoacetic acid to improve gastric absorption of the drug.

2-Aminoacetic acid serves as a buffering agent in antacids, analgesics, antiperspirants, cosmetics, and toiletries.
Many miscellaneous products use glycine or its derivatives, such as the production of rubber sponge products, fertilizers, metal complexants.
2-Aminoacetic acid is an intermediate in the synthesis of a variety of chemical products.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used in the manufacture of the herbicide glyphosate.
Glyphosate is a non-selective systemic herbicide used to kill weeds, especially perennials and broadcast or used in the cutstump treatment as a forestry herbicide.
2-Aminoacetic acid is routinely used as a cofreeze-dried excipient in protein formulations owing to its ability to form a strong, porous, and elegant cake structure in the final lyophilized product.

2-Aminoacetic acid is one of the most frequently utilized excipients in freeze-dried injectable formulations owing to its advantageous freeze-drying properties.
2-Aminoacetic acid has been investigated as a disintegration accelerant in fast-disintegrating formulations owing to its excellent wetting nature.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also used as a buffering agent and conditioner in cosmetics.

2-Aminoacetic acid may be used along with antacids in the treatment of gastric hyperacidity, and it may also be included in aspirin preparations to aid the reduction of gastric irritation.
2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as a spice according to the provisions of GB 2760-96.
2-Aminoacetic acid is also known as aminoacetic acid.

In the field of pesticide production, 2-Aminoacetic acid is used for synthesizing the 2-Aminoacetic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride which is the intermediate for the synthesis of pyrethroid insecticides.
Moreover, 2-Aminoacetic acid can also be used for synthesizing fungicides iprodione and solid glyphosate herbicide; in addition it is also used in various kinds of other industries such as fertilizer, medicine, food additives, and spices.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a solvent to remove carbon dioxide in the fertilizer industry.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as amino acid preparations, the buffer of chlortetracycline buffer and as the raw material for synthesizing the anti-Parkinson's disease drugs L-dopa.
Moreover, 2-Aminoacetic acid is also the intermediate for producing ethyl imidazole.

2-Aminoacetic acid is also an adjunct therapy medicine for treating neural hyperacidity and effectively suppressing excess amount of gastric ulcer acid.
In the food industry, 2-Aminoacetic acid is used for the synthesis of alcohol, brewing products, meat processing and cold drinks formula.
As a food additive, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be used alone as a condiment and also used in combination with sodium glutamate, DL-alanine acid, and citric acid.

In other industries, 2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as a pH adjusting agent, being added to the plating solution, or used as the raw material for making other amino acids.
2-Aminoacetic acid can further be used as biochemical reagents and solvent in organic synthesis and biochemistry.
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as the intermediates of pharmaceutical and pesticide, decarbonation solvents of fertilizers, plating fluid, etc.

2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a solvent for removing carbon dioxide in the fertilizer industry.
In pharmaceutical industry, 2-Aminoacetic acid is used as the buffer of chlortetracycline, amino antacids, and used for the preparation of L-dopa.

2-Aminoacetic acid can be used as flavoring agents, agent for removing saccharine bitter taste, for brewing, meat processing, and preparation of soft drinks.
In addition, 2-Aminoacetic acid can also be used as a pH adjusting agent and used in the preparation of the plating solution.

Safety Profile:
2-Aminoacetic acid is used as a sweetener, buffering agent, and dietary supplement.
The pure form of glycine is moderately toxic by the IV route and mildly toxic by ingestion.
Systemic absorption of 2-Aminoacetic acid irrigation solutions can lead to disturbances of fluid and electrolyte balance and cardiovascular and pulmonary disorders.

While rare, some individuals may be sensitive or allergic to glycine.
Allergic reactions can include symptoms such as skin rashes, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
If you suspect an allergy to 2-Aminoacetic acid, seek medical attention immediately.

In some cases, consuming large amounts of 2-Aminoacetic acid supplements may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort, including symptoms like nausea, diarrhea, or stomach cramps.
2-Aminoacetic acid supplements can interact with certain medications.
For example, 2-Aminoacetic acid may increase the absorption of certain drugs, potentially altering their effectiveness.

If you are taking medications, especially those that require precise dosing, consult with a healthcare provider before adding 2-Aminoacetic acid supplements to your routine.
Some studies suggest that high doses of 2-Aminoacetic acid may affect hormone levels, particularly insulin.

This can have implications for individuals with diabetes or other conditions related to insulin sensitivity.
In rare cases, excessive intake of 2-Aminoacetic acid supplements may lead to neurological symptoms such as dizziness or confusion.
These symptoms are typically associated with very high doses.

Synonyms
glycine
2-Aminoacetic acid
56-40-6
aminoacetic acid
Glycocoll
Aminoethanoic acid
Glycolixir
H-Gly-OH
Glycosthene
Glicoamin
Aciport
Padil
Glycin
Hampshire glycine
L-Glycine
Amitone
Leimzucker
Aminoazijnzuur
Acetic acid, amino-
Glycine, non-medical
Sucre de gelatine
Glycinum
GLY (IUPAC abbrev)
Gyn-hydralin
Corilin
Glicina
Glycine [INN]
Glyzin
FEMA No. 3287
Acido aminoacetico
Glycinum [INN-Latin]
Glicina [INN-Spanish]
Acidum aminoaceticum
gly
Glykokoll
Aminoessigsaeure
Hgly
CCRIS 5915
HSDB 495
Acide aminoacetique
Acide aminoacetique [INN-French]
Acido aminoacetico [INN-Spanish]
Acidum aminoaceticum [INN-Latin]
AI3-04085
NSC 25936
25718-94-9
GLYCINE 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
H2N-CH2-COOH
amino-Acetic acid
EINECS 200-272-2
UNII-TE7660XO1C
MFCD00008131
NSC-25936
[14C]glycine
TE7660XO1C
AMINOACETIC ACID 1.5% IN PLASTIC CONTAINER
DTXSID9020667
CHEBI:15428
Glycine [USP:INN]
Glycine, labeled with carbon-14
NSC25936
CHEMBL773
DTXCID90667
Glycine iron sulphate (1:1)
GLYCINE-1-13C-15N
GLYCINE-2-13C-15N
EC 200-272-2
aminoacetate
Athenon
NCGC00024503-01
(1-13c)glycinato
[3H]glycine
GLYCINE (II)
GLYCINE [II]
GLYCINE (MART.)
GLYCINE [MART.]
Glycine, free base
[14C]-glycine
AB-131/40217813
GLYCINE (EP MONOGRAPH)
GLYCINE [EP MONOGRAPH]
GLYCINE (USP MONOGRAPH)
GLYCINE [USP MONOGRAPH]
Acide aminoacetique (INN-French)
Acid, Aminoacetic
CAS-56-40-6
SERINE IMPURITY B (EP IMPURITY)
SERINE IMPURITY B [EP IMPURITY]
18875-39-3
GLYCINE, ACS
Aminoessigsaure
Aminoethanoate
amino-Acetate
2-aminoacetate
Glycine;
amino acetic acid
Glycine USP grade
H-Gly
L-Gly
Gly-CO
Gly-OH
L-Glycine,(S)
Corilin (Salt/Mix)
Tocris-0219
Glycine (H-Gly-OH)
GLYCINE [VANDF]
NH2CH2COOH
GLYCINE [FHFI]
GLYCINE [HSDB]
GLYCINE [INCI]
Glycine, >=99%
GLYCINE [FCC]
GLYCINE [JAN]
GLYCINE [MI]
an alpha amino acid ester
Glycine (JP15/USP)
Glycine (JP17/USP)
Glycine, 99%, FCC
GLYCINE [USP-RS]
GLYCINE [WHO-DD]
Biomol-NT_000195
bmse000089
bmse000977
D0M8AB
WLN: Z1VQ
Gly-253
Glycine; (Aminoacetic acid)
GLYCINE [GREEN BOOK]
GTPL727
GLYCINE [ORANGE BOOK]
Glycine-UL-14C hydrochloride
Glycine, Electrophoresis Grade
S04-0135
BPBio1_001222
GTPL4084
GTPL4635
BDBM18133
AZD4282
Glycine, >=99.0% (NT)
(C2-H5-N-O2)x-
Glycine, 98.5-101.5%
Pharmakon1600-01300021
Glycine 1000 microg/mL in Water
2-Aminoacetic acid;Aminoacetic acid
BCP25965
CS-B1641
HY-Y0966
Glycine, ACS reagent, >=98.5%
Tox21_113575
Glycine, 99%, natural, FCC, FG
HB0299
LS-218
NSC760120
s4821
STL194276
Glycine, purum, >=98.5% (NT)
Glycine, tested according to Ph.Eur.
AKOS000119626
Glycine, for electrophoresis, >=99%
Tox21_113575_1
AM81781
CCG-266010
CS-O-00823
DB00145
NSC-760120
Glycine, BioUltra, >=99.0% (NT)
Glycine, BioXtra, >=99% (titration)
Glycine, SAJ special grade, >=99.0%
NCGC00024503-02
NCGC00024503-03
BP-31024
Glycine, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%
FT-0600491
FT-0669038
G0099
G0317
Glycine, ReagentPlus(R), >=99% (HPLC)
EN300-19731
A20662
C00037
D00011
D70890
M03001
L001246
Q620730
SR-01000597729
Glycine, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R)
Q-201300
SR-01000597729-1
Q27115084
B72BA06C-60E9-4A83-A24A-A2D7F465BB65
F2191-0197
Glycine, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
Z955123660
Glycine, BioUltra, for molecular biology, >=99.0% (NT)
InChI=1/C2H5NO2/c3-1-2(4)5/h1,3H2,(H,4,5
Glycine, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard
Glycine, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
Glycine, analytical standard, for nitrogen determination according to Kjeldahl method
Glycine, from non-animal source, meets EP, JP, USP testing specifications, suitable for cell culture, >=98.5%
Glycine, meets analytical specification of Ph. Eur., BP, USP, 99-101% (based on anhydrous substance)
2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL
2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL = BNPD = BNPK = BRONOPOL


CAS Number: 52-51-7
EC Number: 200-143-0
MDL number: MFCD00007390
Chemical formula: C3H6BrNO4 / HOCH2C(Br)(NO2)CH2OH



2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was in 1897.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was invented in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.


Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.


2-Bromo-2-Nitro-1,3-Propanediol is an organic antimicrobial compound which finds application as preservative for various industries.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is known to have chemical formula C3H6BrNO4 with molar mass of 199.989 g/mol and white colored appearance.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol decomposes at 140 degrees celsius and shows melting point of around 130 degrees celsius with density of 1.1 g/cm3.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol shows antibacterial activity against both grams negative & grams positive strains.
Also known as bronopol, 2-Bromo-2-Nitro-1,3-Propanediol is readily soluble in water and is said to show most stability under slightly acidic conditions.
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol is an antimicrobial preservative that works by forming formaldehyde in cosmetic products.


As a pure material, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, also known as Bronopol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.


At temperatures above 140 °C, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is readily soluble in water; the dissolution process is endothermic.
Solutions containing up to 28% w/v are possible at ambient temperature.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is poorly soluble in non-polar solvents but shows a high affinity for polar organic solvents.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to the chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol (BNP) is a preservative that is used in wastewater treatment.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an antimicrobial agent that has synergistic effects with other antimicrobial agents such as triclosan, benzalkonium chloride and sesquiterpene lactones.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is anorganic compoundthat is used as an antimicrobial.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was in 1897.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a component of gray wastewater.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial and preservative.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was invented in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, also known as Bronopol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol(CAS:52-51-7) Cosmetics, Preservatives for milk samples, Topical medications and also provide wide spectrum of antibacterial activity.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be found in hand & face creams, shampoos, hair dressings, mascaras, cleansing lotions, shaving creams, talcum powders, paints, textiles, humidifiers, pharmaceutical products and detergents.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as a bactericide, in antiseptics and as a preservative in cosmetics.
Bactericide, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is widely used in industrial circulating water, algae-killing, paper pulp, paint, plastic, timber-cooling circulating water and other industries .
In addition, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be used to prevent daily-used cosmetic products from moldly and corrosion.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is widely used in water treatment, medicine, pesticides, cosmetics, detergents and other industries as preservatives and sterilants.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is employed in Cosmetics, Preservatives for milk samples, Topical medications and also provide wide spectrum of antibacterial activity.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a broad-spectrum preservative and antiseptic used in cosmetics, topical medicaments, and industry.
Cosmetic preparations contain 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol in concentrations of 0.01% to 0.02%.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a formaldehyde-releasing preservative and concomitant sensitization to bronopol and formaldehyde occurs in about a third of patch test clinic patients.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as preservative for storing milk samples.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products .


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol then became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
The use of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.



2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98% Cas 52-51-7 is used to develop a rapid bacterial toxicity test for detecting disinfectant residues released by disinfected materials.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as in a wide variety of industrial applications.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been shown to have a phase transition temperature of -28°C, which can be used to identify it in the laboratory.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol also has a pK value of 4.4, which indicates that it is weakly acidic.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be used as an analytical method for the determination of p - hydroxybenzoic acid in aqueous samples by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an antibacterial agent with low toxicity (to mammals) and high activity (especially against Gram-negative bacteria).
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial with low mammalian toxicity and high activity.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses) and in formulation or re-packing.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is widely used in Industrial Circulating Water, papermaking, painting, plastic and cooling water recirculation system.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be added into shampoo, conditioner, cream, shower gel and other cosmetics as well as the detergent and fabric treatment.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, perfumes and fragrances, fertilisers and plant protection products.
Other release to the environment of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use as processing aid.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in the following products: perfumes and fragrances, cosmetics and personal care products, fertilisers, plant protection products and washing & cleaning products.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.


Release to the environment of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
Other release to the environment of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use as processing aid.


2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, perfumes and fragrances, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, plant protection products and washing & cleaning products.
Cosmetic Uses of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol include preservatives


-Biocidal Uses:
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: disinfection, product preservation, preservation for liquid systems, controlling slimes, embalming or taxidermy.


-Uses of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol:
*Cooling fluids
*Cosmetics
*Creams and lotions
*Detergents
*Hair dressing
*Humidifers
*Mascaras
*Milk sampling
*Paints
*Shampoos
*Textiles
*Topical medications



PRODUCTION of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production of 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.



WHERE IS 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL FOUND?
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an antimicrobial agent commonly used as a preservative in many types of cosmetics, personal care products, and topical medications.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as an anti-infective, antimicrobial, fungicide, germicide, bactericide, slimicide, and wood preservative.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is reportedly very effective against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against fungi and yeasts.
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol may release formaldehyde and cross-reacts with other formaldehyde-releasing substances.



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL?
*Adhesives and Glues
*Agricultural Chemicals
*Cleaning Agents
*Construction Materials
*Cooling Lubricants
*Filling Agents
*Flooring Agents
*Indicators and Reagents
*Kitty Litter
*Metal Working Fluids
*Paints:
Finger paints
Papermills
Pesticides
Polishes
Printing Inks
*Preservatives:
Biocide
*Toiletries and Cosmetics:
Blushers
Cleansing lotions
Creams
Eyebrow pencils
Formaldehyde releaser
Foundations
Hair conditioners
Hair dressings
Humidifiers
Mascara
Moisturizers
Shampoos
Deodorants
Washing Detergents



PARTITION COEFFICIENT of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
Study of the solubility data shows that bronopol has a high affinity for polar rather than non-polar environments.
In two-phase systems, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol partitions preferentially into the polar (usually aqueous) phase.



STABILITY of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION:
In aqueous solutions, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is most stable when the pH of the system is on the acid side of neutral.
Temperature also has a significant effect on stability in alkaline systems.



DEGRADATION of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
Under extreme alkaline conditions, 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.
Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
Chemical formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molar mass: 199.988 g·mol−1
Appearance: White solid
Density: 1.1 g/cm3
Melting point: 130 °C (266 °F; 403 K)
Boiling point: 140 °C (284 °F; 413 K) (decomposes)
Formula: HOCH2CBr(NO2)CH2OH / C3H6O4BrN
Molecular mass: 200
Melting point: 120-122°C
Relative density (water = 1): 1.9
Solubility in water, g/100ml at 23°C: 28 (freely soluble)

Vapour pressure, Pa at 20°C: <0.01
Flash point: 167°C
Octanol/water partition coefficient as log Pow: 0.18
molecular formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molecular weight: 199.98800
Appearance and properties: white to slightly yellow crystals or crystalline powder
Density: 1.91 g/cm3
Boiling point: 358ºC at 760 mmHg
Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Flash point: 167°C
Refractive index: 1.574

Water solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Appearance (Colour): White
Appearance (Form): Crystalline powder
Solubility (Turbidity) 10% aq. solution: Clear
Solubility (Colour) 10% aq. solution: Colourless
Assay: 99 - 101%
pH (1% aq. solution): 5.0 to 7.0
Melting Point: 128 - 131°C
Sulphated Ash: max. 0.1%
Water (KF): max. 0.5%
Appearance Form: solid
Odor: No data available

Odor Threshold No data available
pH: No data available
Melting point/range: 130 - 133 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 100 °C
Flash point: No data available
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: < 1 hPa at 20 °C
Vapor density: No data available
Relative density: 1,9 g/cm³ at 20 °C
Water solubility: 286 g/l at 20,2 °C

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 0,22 at 24 °C
Autoignition temperature: does not ignite
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Surface tension: 72 mN/m at 1g/l at 20 °C
Appearance: white crystalline (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 131.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 358.00 to 359.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)

Flash Point: 339.00 °F. TCC ( 170.30 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): 1.150 (est)
Soluble in: water, 2.50E+05 mg/L @ 22 °C (exp)
Density: 2.018 g/cm3
LogP: -0.13790
Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 °C) in water
Melting Point: 130- 133°C
Formula: C3H6BrNO4
Boiling Point: 358 °C at 760 mmHg
Molecular Weight: 199.989
Flash Point: 170.3 °C
Appearance: off-white crystalline powder



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
-After inhalation:
Fresh air.
-In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
-After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
-Control parameters:
*Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
bronopol
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
bronosol
bronocot
bronidiol
bronopolu
bronotak
1,3-propanediol
2-bromo-2-nitro
onyxide 500
lexgard bronopol
Bronopol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
BNPD
1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
BNPK
beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
Biozid
BNPD
Bronidiol
Bronopol
2-Bromo-2-Nitropropane-1,3-diol
Bronopol
b-Bromo-b-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bronopol
-Bromo-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
Bioban
Bronidiol
Bronocot
Bronopo
Bronotak
Canguard 409
Myacide AS
Myacide AS Plus
Myacide PharmaBP
N 25 (antimicrobial)
NSC 141021
Nalco 92RU093
Preventol P 100
Protectol BN 98
Protectol BN 99
Ultra-Fresh SAB
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
Acticide L 30
BE 6
BE 6 (bactericide)
BNPD
BNPK
Bactrinashak
Bactrinol 100
Bactronol
Bioban
Bioban BP Plus
Bronidiol
Bronocot
Bronotak
Busan 1144
Canguard 409
Bronopol
Bronopol 0
Broken Ball
Bronopol BNPD
Bioban BNPD-40
3-diol (Bronopol)
2-BroMo-2-nitropropane-1
2-bromo-2-nitro-3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
3-Propanediol,2-bromo-2-nitro-1
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-1-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
Bronopol(2-BroMo-2-nitro-1,3-propanedio1)
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
Acticide L 30
BE 6
BE 6 (bactericide)
BNPD
BNPK
Bactrinashak
Bactrinol 100
Bactronol
Bioban
Bioban BP Plus
Bronidiol
Bronocot
Bronotak
Busan 1144
Canguard 409
Myacide AS
Myacide AS Plus
Myacide BT
Myacide Pharma BP
N 25
N 25 (antimicrobial)
NSC 141021
Nalco 92RU093
Onyxide 500
Preventol P 100
Protectol BN 98
Protectol BN 99
Pyceze
Topcide 2520
Ultra-Fresh SAB
1,3-Propanediol-2-Bromo-2-Nitro
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bronopol
2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
b-Bromo-bnitrotrimethyleneglycol
Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
Bronidiol
Bronocot
Bronopol
Bronosol
Lexgard bronopol
Myacide AS
Onyxide 500
1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
200-143-0
2-Brom-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241]
4-01-00-02501 [Beilstein] 52-51-7 [RN]
WNXE1Q1Q [WLN]
133248-96-1 [RN]
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
Bioban
Bioban
BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix)
BNPD
BNPK
Bronidiol
Bronocot
Bronopolu
BRONOSOL
Bronotak
Canguard 409
Lexgard
bronopol
MFCD00007390
Myacide AS plus
Myacide BT
Myacide Pharma BP
Onyxide 500
TY3385000
WLN : WNXE1Q1Q
β-Bromo-β-nitrotrimethyleneglycol


2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, often abbreviated as "Bronopol," is a synthetic organic compound with antimicrobial properties.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a white crystalline solid that is used primarily as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in various products.
The chemical formula for 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is C3H6BrNO4, and its systematic IUPAC name is 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.

CAS Number: 52-51-7
Molecular Formula: C3H6BrNO4
Molecular Weight: 199.99
EINECS Number: 200-143-0

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms.
When 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol comes into contact with water, it releases bromine ions, which have antimicrobial properties.
This makes it useful for preventing microbial contamination and extending the shelf life of products in various industries, including personal care products, pharmaceuticals, water treatment, and more.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
First synthesized in 1897, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for
use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products.

Compared to other aliphatic halogen-nitro compounds, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is more stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media under normal conditions.
The inhibitory activity against various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was demonstrated in vitro.
The agent is largely available commercially as an antibacterial for a variety of industrial purposes while it is predominantly available for purchase
as a pet animal litter antibacterial at the domestic consumer level.

Nevertheless, ongoing contemporary re-evaluations of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol use in large markets such as Canada now place various compositional and product restrictions on the use of the agent in cosmetic products and in other products where it may not primarily be used in the role of a nonmedicinal preservative antimicrobial.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was rapidly absorbed in animal studies.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol may be absorbed via aerosol inhalation, dermal contact, and ingestion 6.

In rats, approximately 40% of the topically applied dose of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was absorbed through the skin within 24 hr 6.
Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg in rats, the peak plasma concentrations of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol were reached up to 2 hours post-dosing.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol undergoes degradation in aqueous medium to form bromonitroethanol from a retroaldol reaction with the liberation of an equimolar amount of formaldehyde 4.

Formaldehyde is a degradation product of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, which may cause sensitization 6.
Bromonitroethanol further decomposes to formaldehyde and bromonitromethane.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol may also break down to release a nitrite ion and 2-bromoethanol.

Metabolism studies indicate that 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is primarily excreted in the urine 9.
In rats, about 19% of dermally-applied 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was excreted in the urine, feces and expired air 6.
Following oral administration of 1 mg/kg radiolabelled bronopol in rats, approximately 81% and 6% of the administered radioactivity was recovered in the urine and expired air, respectively, within a period of 24 hours 5.

Following intravenous administration in rat, the recoveries in the urine and expired air were 74% and 9% of the dose, respectively
The half-life of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol in the biological systems is not reported in the literature.
The half-life value reported for 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol reflects the environment fate of the compound.

When released into the air as vapours, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals where the half life for this reaction is approximately 11 days 6.
The photolysis half-life is 24 hours in water but may be up to 2 days under natural sunlight
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, or 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.

First synthesized in 1897, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is synthesized through a series of chemical reactions.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is typically produced by the bromination of 2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, resulting in the introduction of a bromine atom into the molecule.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is usually found in the form of white crystalline powder or flakes. It is odorless and has a slightly bitter taste.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol works by releasing bromine ions (Br-) when it dissolves in water.
These bromine ions are effective at disrupting the metabolic processes of microorganisms, leading to their inhibition or destruction.

This antimicrobial action makes it valuable in preventing bacterial and fungal growth in various products and industrial applications.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is known for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, which means it can target a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
The regulatory status of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol varies by country and application.

In some regions, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is approved for use as a preservative and antimicrobial agent in specific products, while in others, its use may be restricted or subject to certain concentration limits due to safety concerns.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has faced scrutiny and controversy due to potential safety issues.
One concern is its capacity to release formaldehyde under certain conditions, which has led to health and environmental concerns.

As a result, regulatory authorities and industry standards organizations have imposed restrictions and guidelines on its use.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol works by releasing bromine ions when it comes into contact with water, and these ions have antimicrobial properties that help to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, and pharmaceuticals to extend the shelf life of these products and prevent spoilage or degradation due to microbial contamination.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an organic compound that is used as an antimicrobial.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a white solid although commercial samples appear yellow.
The first reported synthesis of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was in 1897.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.
Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, is an aliphatic halogenonitro compound with potent antibacterial activity but limited activity against fungi(Guthrie, 1999).
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol activity is reduced somewhat by 10% serum and to a greater extent by sulphydryl compounds, but is unaffected by 1% polysorbate or 0.1% lecithin.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has a half-life of about 96 daysat pH 8 and 25oC (Toler, 1985).

Due to safety concerns surrounding Bronopol, some manufacturers and industries have sought alternatives for antimicrobial and preservative purposes.
This has led to the development and adoption of other preservatives and antimicrobial agents that may be considered safer.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was invented by The Boots Company PLC in the early 1960s and first applications were as a preservative for pharmaceuticals.

Due to its low mammalian toxicity at in-use levels and high activity against bacteria, especially Gram-negative species, bronopol became popular
as a preservative in many consumer products such as shampoos and cosmetics.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was subsequently adopted as an antimicrobial in other industrial environments such as paper mills, oil exploration, and production facilities, as well as cooling water disinfection plants.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Manufacturing today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems
bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.

While 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is not in itself a nitrosating agent, under conditions where it decomposes (alkaline solution and/or elevated temperatures) it can liberate nitrite and low levels of formaldehyde and these decomposition products can react with any contaminant secondary amines or amides in a personal care formulation to produce significant levels of nitrosamines (due to the toxicity of these substances, the term 'significant' means levels as low as 10s of parts per billion).

Manufacturers of personal care products are therefore instructed by regulatory authorities to avoid the formation of nitrosamines which might mean removing amines or amides from the formulation, removing bronopol from a formulation, or using nitrosamine inhibitors.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been restricted for use in cosmetics in Canada.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.

The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is reportedly very effective against grampositive and gram-negative bacteria, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as against fungi and yeasts.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol may release formaldehyde and cross-reacts with other formaldehyde-releasing substances.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol BP is a white and almost white crystalline powder that is soluble in water.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is produced by the bromination of di(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane, which is derived from nitromethane by a nitroaldol reaction.
World production increased from the tens of tonnes in the late 1970s to current estimates in excess of 5,000 tonnes.
Production today is the business of low cost producers, mainly in China.

As a pure material, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has a melting point of about 130 °C.
However, due to its polymorphic characteristics, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol undergoes a lattice rearrangement at 100 to 105 °C and this can often be wrongly interpreted as the melting point.
At temperatures above 140 °C, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol decomposes exothermically releasing hydrogen bromide and oxides of nitrogen.

Melting point: 130-133 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 358.0±42.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 2.0002 (rough estimate)
refractive index: 1.6200 (estimate)
Flash point: 167°C
storage temp.: Inert atmosphere,Room Temperature
solubility: H2O: soluble100mg/mL, clear, colorless to faintly yellow
pka: 12.02±0.10(Predicted)
form Crystals or Crystalline Powder
color: White to yellow
Odor: odorless
Water Solubility: 25 g/100 mL (22 ºC)
Merck: 14,1447
BRN: 1705868
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and anhydrides, moisture.
LogP: 1.150 (est)
CAS DataBase Reference: 52-51-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1,3-PROPANEDIOL
FDA 21 CFR: 176.300

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an organic compound that belongs to the family of nitro compounds.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a white to off-white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly bitter taste.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is widely used as a preservative in various cosmetic and personal care products, such as shampoos, hair conditioners, body washes, and skin creams, to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol works by releasing formaldehyde, which is toxic to microorganisms, in small amounts over time.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has also been used as a biocide in industrial applications, such as cooling water systems, oil drilling fluids, and paper processing, to prevent microbial growth and contamination.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been approved for use as a preservative in cosmetic and personal care products by regulatory agencies such as the US FDA, but its use has been restricted in some countries due to concerns over its potential to release formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol cause significant reductions in the activity of bronopol, and cysteine hydrochloride may be used as the deactivating agent in preservative efficacy tests; lecithin/polysorbate combinations are unsuitable for this purpose.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is incompatible with sodium thiosulfate, with sodium metabisulfite, and with amine oxide or protein hydrolysate surfactants.
Owing to an incompatibility with aluminum, the use of aluminum in the packaging of products that contain 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol should be avoided.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is supplied as crystals or crystalline powder, which may vary from white to pale yellow in colour depending on the grade.
The yellow coloration is due to chelation of iron during the manufacturing process.
Under extreme alkaline conditions, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol decomposes in aqueous solution and very low levels of formaldehyde are produced.

Liberated formaldehyde is not responsible for the biological activity associated with 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol.
Other decomposition products detected after bronopol breakdown are bromide ion, nitrite ion, bromonitroethanol and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol.
At concentrations of 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, bronopol mediated an inhibitory activity against various strains of Gram negative and positive bacteria in vitro 3.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, or bronopol is an organic compound with wide-spectrum antimicrobial properties.
First synthesized in 1897, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was primarily used as a preservative for pharmaceuticals and was registered in the United States in 1984 for use in industrial bactericides, slimicides and preservatives.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as a microbicide or microbiostat in various commercial and industrial applications, including oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning or humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer products.

Compared to other aliphatic halogen-nitro compounds, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is more stable to hydrolysis in aqueous media under normal conditions.
The inhibitory activity against various bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, was demonstrated in vitro.
The agent is largely available commercially as an antibacterial for a variety of industrial purposes while it is predominantly available for purchase
as a pet animal litter antibacterial at the domestic consumer level.

Nevertheless, ongoing contemporary re-evaluations of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol use in large markets such as Canada now place various compositional and product restrictions on the use of the agent in cosmetic products [L873] and in other products where it may not primarily be used in the role of a non-medicinal preservative antimicrobial.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol as an active ingredient is registered as a commercial biocide and preservative in many industrial processes.
Registered biocidal uses include pulp and paper mills, water cooling towers, waste water treatment, evaporative condensers, heat exchangers,
food pasteurizing plants, metalworking fluids, and oilfield applications.

In addition, preservative uses include household products (e.g., dishwashing liquids, laundry products), latex emulsions, polymer lattices,
pigments, leather and milk samples for analysis.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is also formulated into granular domestic end-use products in the form of cat litter.
At concentrations of 12.5 to 50 μg/mL, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol mediated an inhibitory activity against various strains of Gram negative and positive bacteria in vitro.

The bactericidal activity is reported to be greater against Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive cocci.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was also demonstrated to be effective against various fungal species, but the inhibitory action is reported to be minimal compared to that of against bacterial species.
The inhibitory activity of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol decreases with increasing pH of the media.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol also elicits an anti-protozoal activity, as demonstrated with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro and in vivo.
It is proposed that 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol affects the survival of all free-living stages of I.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol also elicits an anti-protozoal activity, as demonstrated with Ichthyophthirius multifiliis in vitro and in vivo 2.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is proposed that bronopol affects the survival of all free-living stages of I.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a bactericide with limited effectiveness against fungal organisms.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is active against Pseudomonas species and should be used at a pH of 5 to 8.8, below the application temperature of 45 ° C.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has a complex mechanism of action that attacks thiol groups in cells, suppressing respiration and cellular metabolism.
Research indicates that 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a corrosive eye irritant and moderate to severe skin irritant in rabbits.
The fate of the environment and the ecological consequences of the use of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol are moderately highly toxic for estuarine / marine invertebrates; slightly toxic to marine fish; slightly toxic to birds with acute oral ingestion.

However, no quantitative risk assessment has been carried out.
The risk to the aquatic environment is being addressed under the NPDES permitting program by the Water Resources Authority.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is now required that labels on all products containing Bronopol meet NPDES requirements.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is proposed that bronopol generates biocide-induced bacteriostasis followed by a growth at an inhibited rate in bacteria, via two distinct reactions between bronopol and essential thiols within the bacterial cell 1.
Under aerobic conditions, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol catalyzes the oxidation of thiol groups, such as cysteine, to disulfides.

This reaction is accompanied by rapid consumption of oxygen, where oxygen acts as the final oxidant.
During the conversion of cysteine to cystine, radical anion intermediates such as superoxide and peroxide are formed from bronopol to exert a direct bactericidal activity.
The oxidation of excess thiols alters the redox state to create anoxic conditions, leading to a second reaction involving the oxidation of intracellular thiols such as glutathione to its disulfide.

Mechanism of action
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is proposed that bronopol generates biocide-induced bacteriostasis followed by a growth at an inhibited rate in bacteria, via two distinct reactions between bronopol and essential thiols within the bacterial cell.
Under aerobic conditions, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol catalyzes the oxidation of thiol groups, such as cysteine, to disulfides.

This reaction is accompanied by rapid consumption of oxygen, where oxygen acts as the final oxidant.
During the conversion of cysteine to cystine, radical anion intermediates such as superoxide and peroxide are formed from 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol to exert a direct bactericidal activity.
The oxidation of excess thiols alters the redox state to create anoxic conditions, leading to a second reaction involving the oxidation of intracellular thiols such as glutathione to its disulfide.

The resulting effects are inhibition of enzyme function, and reduced growth rate following the bacteriostatic period.
Under the anoxic conditions, the reaction between thiol and bronopol decelerates without the involvement of oxygen and the consumption of
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol predominates.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is ultimately removed from the reaction via consumption and resumption of bacterial growth occurs

Uses
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is frequently used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, lotions, and other personal care products to inhibit the growth of bacteria, yeast, and mold.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol helps extend the shelf life of these products and maintain their quality.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in some household and industrial mold and mildew control products, such as sprays and coatings, to prevent the growth of mold and mildew on surfaces.
In addition to its use in drilling fluids, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be employed in oil and gas production facilities to control microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) and maintain the integrity of pipelines and equipment.

In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is employed to preserve the integrity of drugs and prevent microbial contamination in formulations like eye drops, creams, and ointments.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been used as reference standard in ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (UPLC-ICP-MS) method for determination of bromine containing preservatives from cosmetic products.
First synthesized in 1897, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol a formulating technical material is also registered.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in consumer products as an effective preservative agent, as well as a wide variety of industrial applications (almost any industrial water system is a potential environment for bacterial growth, leading to slime and corrosion problems - in many of these systems bronopol can be a highly effective treatment).
The use of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol in personal care products (cosmetics, toiletries) has declined since the late 1980s due to the potential formation of nitrosamines.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in water treatment systems to control the growth of bacteria and algae in cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water systems.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in the oil and gas industry to prevent bacterial growth in drilling fluids, pipelines, and storage tanks.
Microbial growth can lead to corrosion and other issues.

Some paint and coating formulations include 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol to prevent microbial contamination, which can cause spoilage and degradation.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used as a preservative in various cosmetic and household products due to its high activity against gram-negative bacteria, especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other pseudomonads.

These organisms are common water dwellers and can cause pollution and deterioration problems.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is an effective antibacterial preservative in a wide pH range.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is stable at acidic pH values and is also useful as a labile antibacterial preservative in an alkaline environment.

Due to its broad spectrum antibacterial activity, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can also be used as an active agent, for example in aerosol preparations.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is often used in cosmetics, toiletries, shampoos, soaps, lotions, and other personal care products to prevent the growth of bacteria, yeasts, and molds.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol helps extend the shelf life of these products and maintains their quality.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in some pharmaceutical formulations to preserve the integrity of drugs and prevent contamination by microorganisms.
This is especially important for products like eye drops, ointments, and creams.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in water treatment systems to control the growth of bacteria and algae in cooling towers, swimming pools, and industrial water systems.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in paper and pulp processing to prevent microbial growth during the papermaking process.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can protect wood products, such as lumber and wood composites, from fungal and bacterial decay during storage and transportation.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been used as a preservative in certain agricultural products like fertilizers and pesticides.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial growth, ensuring the longevity and quality of these products.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in cooling and lubricating fluids, such as metalworking fluids and cutting oils, to control bacterial and fungal growth, which can cause degradation and odor.
In the leather industry, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be used to inhibit microbial growth during the tanning and processing of hides and skins.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be used to protect wood products from fungal and bacterial decay.
In agriculture, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been used as a preservative for certain agricultural products, such as fertilizers and pesticides.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be added to adhesives and sealants to prevent microbial growth, ensuring the longevity and quality of these products.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in cooling and lubricating fluids, such as metalworking fluids and cutting oils, to control bacterial and fungal growth, which can cause degradation and odor.
In the leather industry, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be used to inhibit microbial growth during the tanning and processing of hides and skins.
While not a common use, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been employed in some food processing applications to control microbial contamination.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol use in the food industry is less prevalent compared to other food preservatives due to safety concerns.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol may be used in certain medical and healthcare products to prevent microbial contamination.
This includes items like contact lens solutions and some medical devices.

Some household cleaning products, including disinfectants and sanitizers, may contain 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol as an active ingredient to kill or inhibit the growth of germs and bacteria.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in cooling water systems, such as those in industrial facilities and power plants, to prevent microbial fouling and corrosion, which can damage equipment and reduce efficiency.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be added to laboratory reagents and solutions to inhibit microbial contamination and ensure the accuracy and reliability of experiments and tests.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is used in various oilfield chemicals, including drilling fluids, to control bacteria and fungi that can thrive in the harsh conditions of oil and gas wells.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol may be applied in wood processing to protect logs and timber from decay and microbial infestation during storage and transportation.
Some printing inks incorporate 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol to prevent the growth of microorganisms, ensuring the quality of printed materials.

While less common, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol has been employed in some food processing applications to control microbial contamination.
However, its use in the food industry is limited due to safety concerns.
Some household cleaning products, including disinfectants and sanitizers, may contain 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol as an active ingredient to kill or inhibit the growth of germs and bacteria.

Safety Profile:
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
Direct contact with the skin or eyes may result in irritation, redness, and discomfort.
Some individuals may develop sensitization to 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol upon repeated exposure, which can lead to allergic reactions such as dermatitis.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol dust or aerosols can irritate the respiratory system, leading to coughing, throat irritation, and difficulty breathing.
Under certain conditions, 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can release formaldehyde, which is classified as a known carcinogen.
Formaldehyde exposure can have adverse health effects on the respiratory system and may contribute to cancer risk.

Environmental Concerns:
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is a biocide that can be harmful to aquatic ecosystems if released into water bodies.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol can be toxic to aquatic organisms and may have a negative impact on aquatic life.

When working with 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, it is crucial to follow safety precautions, including wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles, using it in well-ventilated areas, and avoiding direct skin contact or inhalation of dust or vapors.
Due to safety concerns, regulatory authorities in some regions have imposed restrictions on the use of 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol in certain applications.

2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is essential to be aware of and comply with local regulations and guidelines regarding its use.
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol should not be used in combination with other chemicals or products without ensuring compatibility.
Incompatibilities can lead to hazardous reactions or reduced effectiveness.

Storage:
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from incompatible materials and sources of heat or ignition.

Disposal:
Proper disposal methods for 2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol should be followed to minimize environmental impact.
Consult local regulations and guidelines for guidance on safe disposal.

Synonyms
bronopol
52-51-7
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
Bronosol
Bronocot
Bronidiol
Bronopolu
Bronotak
Lexgard bronopol
Onyxide 500
Bronopolum
1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanediol
C3H6BrNO4
Caswell No. 116A
Bronopolu [Polish]
BNPD
MFCD00007390
beta-Bromo-beta-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
Bioban
NSC 141021
Bronopolum [INN-Latin]
HSDB 7195
Myacide AS
Myacide AS plus
Myacide BT
Bronopol [INN:BAN:JAN]
EINECS 200-143-0
UNII-6PU1E16C9W
Myacide Pharma BP
Canguard 409
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 216400
NSC-141021
BNPK
BRN 1705868
6PU1E16C9W
DTXSID8024652
CHEBI:31306
AI3-61639
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1,3-diol
Nalco 92RU093
UN3241
DTXCID904652
EC 200-143-0
1,2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
NCGC00164057-01
BRONOPOL (MART.)
BRONOPOL [MART.]
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol [UN3241] [Flammable Solid]
CAS-52-51-7
Pyceze
2-Bronopol
Bioban BP Plus
Ultra-Fresh SAB
bronopol (DCI)
Bactrinol 100
Protectol BN 98
Protectol BN 99
2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
Acticide L 30
Preventol P 100
BE 6 (bactericide)
Topcide 2520
Bronopol (JAN/INN)
N 25 (antimicrobial)
BRONOPOL [HSDB]
BRONOPOL [INN]
BRONOPOL [JAN]
BRONOPOL [MI]
BRONOPOL [VANDF]
WLN: WNXE1Q1Q
1, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol (Bronopol)
BRONOPOL [WHO-DD]
Bronopol [BAN:INN:JAN]
SCHEMBL23260
C3-H6-Br-N-O4
BE 6
Bioban BNPD-40 (Salt/Mix)
CHEMBL1408862
SCHEMBL16556987
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-13-diol
LVDKZNITIUWNER-UHFFFAOYSA-
2-bromo-2-nitropropane-13-diol
AMY8948
2-Bromo-2-nitro-13-propanediol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropan-1 3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1 3-propanediol
2-bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanodiol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1 3-diol
2-bromo-2-nitropropano-1 3-diol
2-Bromo-2-nitropropano-1,3-diol
2-Nitro-2-bromo-1 3-propanediol
2-nitro-2-bromo-1,3-propanodiol
HY-B1217
Tox21_112079
Tox21_300126
BDBM50248122
LS-172
NA3241
NSC141021
s4553
1,3-propanodiol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-
2-bromanyl-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol
AKOS003606838
CCG-213823
CS-4699
DB13960
USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 216400
NCGC00164057-02
NCGC00164057-03
NCGC00253984-01
AS-11889
N 25
2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol, 98%
.beta.-Bromo-.beta.-nitrotrimethyleneglycol
B1247
Bronopol, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
FT-0611399
D01577
E85247
EN300-141420
AB01563195_01
2-BROMO-2-NITROPROPANE-1,3-DIOL [INCI]
A829125
SR-01000944249
Q-200765
Q2462902
SR-01000944249-1
2-Bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diol
BUTYLOCTANOL, N° CAS : 3913-02-8, Nom INCI : BUTYLOCTANOL, Nom chimique : 2-Butyloctan-1-ol, N° EINECS/ELINCS : 223-470-0. Humectant : Maintient la teneur en eau d'un cosmétique dans son emballage et sur la peau. Solvant : Dissout d'autres substances. 1-Octanol, 2-butyl-; 2-butyloctan-1-ol; 2-Butyloctanol; BUTYLOCTANOL. : 2-Butyl-1-n-octanol; Butyloctyl alcohol, 2-; Isofol 12; 1-Octanol, 2-butyl- [ACD/Index Name]; 223-470-0 [EINECS]; 2-Butyl-1-octanol ; 2-Butyl-1-octanol [German] ; 2-Butyl-1-octanol [French] ; 2-Butyloctan-1-ol; 3913-02-8 [RN]; Butyloctanol (-)-Tetramisole hydrochloride (±)-2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo(2,1-b)thiazole (±)-tetramisole (±)-Tetramisole 2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenyl-(±)-Imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole 2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenyl-(S)-Imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole 2,3,5,6-Tetrahydro-6-phenyl-imidazo(2,1-b)thiazole 2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenyl-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole 2-butyl-1-n-octanol 2-butyl-1-octanol 95% 2-Butyloctanol 2-Butyloctyl alcohol 3913-2-8 4-01-00-01855 [Beilstein] 5-(Hydroxymethyl)undecane 5-Hydroxymethylundecane 6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo(2,1-b)thiazole 6-Phenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole Dexamisole [USAN] dl-2,3,5,6-tetrahydro-6-phenylimidazo(2,1-b)thiazole dl-Tetramisol dl-Tetramisole Isododecyl alcohol Ketrax Michel XO-150-12 Nilverm base Phenyl imidothiazole Tetramisol Tetramisole Tetramisole hydrochloride Tetramisolo Tetramisolo [DCIT] Tetramisolum
2-BROMOPROPANE
2-Bromopropane is also known as 75-26-3, 2-bromo-propane, isopropyl bromide, Propan-2-bromo with Molecular Formula of C3H7Br and Molecular Weight of 122.99168.
2-Bromopropane is manufactured by heating isopropyl alcohol with HBr and is available in colorless liquid form.
2-Bromopropane is also used as an intermediate to form alkylated amines and alkylated metallic compounds.

CAS Number: 75-26-3
EC Number: 200-855-1
Molecular Formula: 13C3H7Br
Molecular Weight: 125.97

2-Bromopropane, also known as isopropyl bromide and 2-propyl bromide, is the halogenated hydrocarbon with the formula CH3CHBrCH3.
2-Bromopropane is a colorless liquid.

2-Bromopropane is used for introducing the isopropyl functional group in organic synthesis.
2-Bromopropane is prepared by heating isopropanol with hydrobromic acid.

2-Bromopropane serves as an alkylating agent in organic synthesis.
2-Bromopropane is also used as an intermediate to form alkylated amines and alkylated metallic compounds.

Further, 2-Bromopropane acts as a solvent for industrial cleaning, degreasing, metal processing and finishing, electronics, aerospace and aviation, aerosols, textiles, adhesives and inks.
In addition, 2-Bromopropane is used for introducing the isopropyl functional group in organic synthesis.

2-Bromopropane is also known as 75-26-3, 2-bromo-propane, isopropyl bromide, Propan-2-bromo with Molecular Formula of C3H7Br and Molecular Weight of 122.99168.
2-Bromopropane is manufactured by heating isopropyl alcohol with HBr and is available in colorless liquid form.

2-Bromopropane is an organobromide compound.
2-Bromopropane is used for introducing the isopropyl functional group in organic synthesis.

2-Bromopropane is sometimes used as an alternative to ozone-depleting cleaning solvents such as chlorofluorocarbons.
2-Bromopropane is prepared by heating isopropanol with hydrobromic acid.

2-Bromopropane is also known as 75-26-3, 2-bromo-propane, isopropyl bromide, Propan-2-bromo with Molecular Formula of C3H7Br and Molecular Weight of 122.99168.
2-Bromopropane is manufactured by heating isopropyl alcohol with HBr and is available in colorless liquid form.

Some of 2-Bromopropane properties include Boiling Point of 59-60°C, Melting Point of -89.0°C, Density/Specific Gravity of 1.31 at 20°C/4°C with miscible solubility with chloroform, ether, alcohol, benzene; slight solubility in acetone and in water (3,180 mg/L at 20°C).
Further, 2-Bromopropane has Surface Tension of 3.5348X10-2 N/m at melting point, Vapor Density of 4.27 (Air=1) and Vapor Pressure of 216 mm Hg at 25°C.

2-Bromopropane, also known as isopropyl bromide or 2-propyl bromide, is used for introducing the isopropyl functional group in organic synthesis.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

2-Bromopropane has proved to be a useful reagent for amino acids dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide/sodium hydride, except for the determination of arginine.
Methylation of acids with diazomethane has also been used for metabolic profiling despite the formation of artefacts.

Resin-mediated methylation of polyfunctional acids found in fruit juices has also proved successful.
Fumaric, succinic, malic, tartaric, isocitric and citric acids, isolated from fruit juices by trapping onto anionic ion exchange resins, can be efficiently converted to methyl esters by reaction with methyl iodide in both supercritical carbon dioxide and acetonitrile.

To provide for the analysis of even short chain fatty acids in serum, a procedure has been developed with benzyl bromide.
This has been successfully employed for serum and urine organic acid profiling.
The method cannot be used for citric acid or sugar-related acids.

Exposure to 2-Bromopropane has been associated with adverse reproductive effects in men and women.
There are also some reports suggesting that maternal formaldehyde exposure is related to delayed conception and miscarriage, and exposure to trinitrotoluene or trichloroethylene may be harmful for the reproductive health of men.
Formamide, dimethylformamide and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone have also been shown to cause fetotoxic and teratogenic effects in laboratory animals, but there are no data on their effects in humans.

In summary, the epidemiologic evidence suggests that high maternal exposure to solvents may represent a hazard for the developing fetus and may impair female fertility.
The results for male fertility are less conclusive.

The findings on individual solvents must also be interpreted with caution, because coincident exposure to several agents makes 2-Bromopropane difficult to ascribe adverse effects to a specific compound.
Nevertheless, the study results are supportive of adverse effects of some glycol ethers, tetrachloroethylene, toluene, benzene and carbon disulfide on reproduction.
2-Bromopropane would be prudent to minimize exposure to organic solvents.

Some of 2-Bromopropane properties include Boiling Point of 59-60°C, Melting Point of -89.0°C, Density/Specific Gravity of 1.31 at 20°C/4°C with miscible solubility with chloroform, ether, alcohol, benzene; slight solubility in acetone and in water (3,180 mg/L at 20°C).
Further, 2-Bromopropane has Surface Tension of 3.5348X10-2 N/m at melting point, Vapor Density of 4.27 (Air=1) and Vapor Pressure of 216 mm Hg at 25°C.

2-Bromopropane, also known as isopropyl bromide and 2-propyl bromide, is the halogenated hydrocarbon with the formula CH3CHBrCH3.
2-Bromopropane is a colorless liquid.

2-Bromopropane is used for introducing the isopropyl functional group in organic synthesis.
2-Bromopropane is prepared by heating isopropanol with hydrobromic acid.

Applications of 2-Bromopropane:
2-Bromopropane is used for introducing the isopropyl functional group in organic synthesis.
2-Bromopropane is also used as an intermediate to form alkylated amines and alkylated metallic compounds.

Further, 2-Bromopropane acts as a solvent for industrial cleaning, degreasing, metal processing and finishing, electronics, aerospace and aviation, aerosols, textiles, adhesives and inks.
In addition, 2-Bromopropane is used for introducing the isopropyl functional group in organic synthesis.

2-Bromopropane is the insecticide fenvalerate, fenvalerate, propoxur, bactericide, rustamine, fluoroamide and herbicide, an intermediate of the phosphorus of sarcandra.
2-Bromopropane is used in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical industry

2-Bromopropane is used in organic synthesis and pharmaceutical, pesticide intermediates
2-Bromopropane is used as Grignard reagents and raw materials, intermediates of drugs and dyes are also used in the manufacture of pesticides (bisulfate) and the like.

Uses of 2-Bromopropane:
2-Bromopropane serves as an alkylating agent in organic synthesis.
2-Bromopropane is also used as an intermediate to form alkylated amines and alkylated metallic compounds.

Further, 2-Bromopropane acts as a solvent for industrial cleaning, degreasing, metal processing and finishing, electronics, aerospace and aviation, aerosols, textiles, adhesives and inks.
In addition, 2-Bromopropane is used for introducing the isopropyl functional group in organic synthesis.

2-Bromopropane is used as a freon substitute.
2-Bromopropane is used in organic synthesis.

2-Bromopropane is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes and other organics.
2-Bromopropane is an industrial and laboratory chemical.

Industry Uses:
Intermediates

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Metal Degreasing

Nature of 2-Bromopropane:
2-Bromopropane is colorless volatile liquid.
2-Bromopropane is relative density is 1. 3140(20 ℃).

2-Bromopropane is melting Point -89 °c.
2-Bromopropane is boiling Point 59. 38 °c.

2-Bromopropane is refractive index 1.4251(20 degrees C).
2-Bromopropane is slightly soluble in water, with alcohol, ether, benzene, chloroform miscible.

Preparation of 2-Bromopropane:
2-Bromopropane is commercially available.
2-Bromopropane may be prepared in the ordinary manner of alkyl bromides, by reacting isopropanol with phosphorus and bromine, or with phosphorus tribromide.

Production Method of 2-Bromopropane:
From isopropyl alcohol and hydrobromic acid reaction.
Slowly add isopropyl alcohol into concentrated sulfuric acid under cooling, control the temperature below 30 ℃, add hydrobromic acid after adding, slowly heat and reflux for 4H, and then distill the appearance of oil droplets, the obtained crude product was washed with concentrated sulfuric acid, water and 5% sodium carbonate respectively, then dried, filtered and fractionated with anhydrous sodium carbonate, and the 58.5-60.5 ° C.

Fraction was collected as the finished product.
In addition, there is an isopropyl alcohol-sodium bromide method.
The preparation method is derived from the reaction of isopropyl alcohol and hydrobromic acid.

The reaction equation is as follows:
(CH3)2CHOH + HBr[H2SO4]→(CH3)2CHBr + H2O

Isopropanol is slowly added to concentrated sulfuric acid under cooling, and the temperature is controlled below 30 ℃, after the addition, hydrobromic acid was added, and the mixture was slowly heated and refluxed for 4 h, then distilled until oil droplets appeared.
The crude product was washed with concentrated sulfuric acid, water and 5% sodium carbonate respectively, and then dried with anhydrous sodium carbonate, filtration, fractionation, collection of 58.5~60.5 °c fraction, that is, the finished product.

MeSH Pharmacological Classification of 2-Bromopropane:

Solvents:
Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar.

Mutagens:
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids.
A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

Stability and Reactivity of 2-Bromopropane:

Reactive Hazard:
None known, based on information available

Stability:
Stable under normal conditions.

Conditions to Avoid:
Incompatible products.
Excess heat.
Keep away from open flames, hot surfacesandsources of ignition.

Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents, Strong bases

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Hazardous Polymerization:
Hazardous polymerization does not occur.

Hazardous Reactions:
None under normal processing

Handling and Storage of 2-Bromopropane:

Handling:
Use only under a chemical fume hood.
Wear personal protective equipment/faceprotection.

Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
Keep away from open flames, hot surfaces and sources of ignition.

Use only non-sparking tools.
Use spark-proof tools and explosion-proof equipment.

Do not breathe (dust, vapor, mist, gas).
Do not ingest.

If swallowed then seek immediate medical assistance.
Take precautionary measures against static discharges.
To avoid ignition of vapors by static electricity discharge, all metal parts of the equipment mustbe grounded.

Storage:
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.
Keep away from heat, sparks and flame.

Storage Conditions:
Materials which are toxic as stored or which can decompose into toxic components should be stored in a cool, well ventilated place, out of the direct rays of the sun, away from areas of high fire hazard, and should be periodically inspected.
Incompatible materials should be isolated.

Safety of 2-Bromopropane:
Short-chain alkyl halides are often carcinogenic.

The bromine atom is at the secondary position, which allows the molecule to undergo dehydrohalogenation easily to give propene, which escapes as a gas and can rupture closed reaction vessels.
When this reagent is used in base catalyzed reactions, potassium carbonate should be used in place of sodium or potassium hydroxide.

Fire Fighting Procedures of 2-Bromopropane:

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Solid streams of water may be ineffective.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Accidental Release Measures of 2-Bromopropane:

Disposal Methods of 2-Bromopropane:
At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision.
Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Preventive Measures of 2-Bromopropane:

If material on fire or involved in fire:
Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped.
Use water in flooding quantities as fog.

Solid streams of water may be ineffective.
Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water.

Use alcohol foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Personnel protection:
Avoid breathing vapors.
Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment.
If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective clothing.

Identifiers of 2-Bromopropane:
CAS Number: 75-26-3
Beilstein Reference: 741852
ChEMBL: ChEMBL451810
ChemSpider: 6118
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.778
EC Number: 200-855-1
PubChem CID: 6358
RTECS number: TX4111000
UNII: R651XOV97Z
UN number: 2344
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7030197
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H7Br/c1-3(2)4/h3H,1-2H3
Key: NAMYKGVDVNBCFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: CC(C)Br

Catalogue Number: B687191
CAS Number: 220505-11-3
Molecular Formula: ¹³C₃H₇Br
Molecular Weight: 125.97

Properties of 2-Bromopropane:
Chemical formula: C3H7Br
Molar mass: 122.993 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.31 g mL−1
Melting point: −89.0 °C; −128.1 °F; 184.2 K
Boiling point: 59 to 61 °C; 138 to 142 °F; 332 to 334 K
Solubility in water: 3.2 g L−1 (at 20 °C)
log P: 2.136
Vapor pressure: 32 kPa (at 20 °C)
Henry's law
constant (kH): 1.0 μmol Pa−1 mol−1
Refractive index (nD): 1.4251
Viscosity: 0.4894 mPa s (at 20 °C)

Physical State Liquid
Appearance: Colorless, Light brown
Odor: Odorless
Odor Threshold: No information available
pH: No information available
Melting Point/Range: -89 °C / -128.2 °F
Boiling Point/Range: 59 °C / 138.2 °F @ 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 1 °C / 33.8 °F
Evaporation Rate: No information available
Flammability (solid,gas): Not applicable
Flammability or explosive limits:
Upper: No data available
Lower: 4.6 vol %
Vapor Pressure: 224 mbar @ 20 °C
Vapor Density: No information available
Specific: Gravity 1.310
Solubility: No information available
Partition coefficient; n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition: Temperature No information available
Decomposition: Temperature 251 °C
Viscosity: No information available
Molecular Formula: C3 H7 Br
Molecular Weight: 122.99

Physical State: Liquid
Usage: Commerical
Purity: 99% min
Boiling Point: 58-60degree C
Moisture: 0.5% max
Density: 1.31(w/w)

Molecular Weight: 122.99
XLogP3-AA: 1.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 121.97311
Monoisotopic Mass: 121.97311
Topological Polar Surface Area: 0 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 4
Complexity: 10.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2-Bromopropane:
Product Name: ISO Propyl Bromide/(2 Bromopropane)
Cas No: 75-26-3
Assay: 99% MIN
Test: Standard
Colour: Colourless liquid
Density: 1.31(w/w)
Moisture: 0.5% max
Boiling Point: 58-60°C
Purity: 99% min

Appearance (Clarity): Clear
Appearance (Colour): Colourless to pale yellow
Appearance (Form): Liquid
Colour (APHA): max. 30
Assay (GC): min. 99%
Density (g/ml) @ 20°C: 1.305-1.315
Refractive Index (20°C): 1.424-1.425
Boiling Range: 58-60°C
Stabilizer (Ag wire): Present

Thermochemistry of 2-Bromopropane:
Heat capacity (C): 135.6 J K mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −129 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −2.0537–−2.0501 MJ mol−1

Related compounds of 2-Bromopropane:

Related alkanes:
Bromoethane
1-Bromopropane
tert-Butyl bromide
1-Bromobutane
2-Bromobutane

Related Products of 2-Bromopropane:
Hydroxynorketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
(S)-Ketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
Norketamine-d4
S-(-)-Norketamine-d6 Hydrochloride
Phencyclidine-d5 Hydrochloride

Names of 2-Bromopropane:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2-Bromopropane

Other name:
Isopropyl bromide

Synonyms of 2-Bromopropane:
2-Bromopropane
75-26-3
ISOPROPYL BROMIDE
Propane, 2-bromo-
Isopropylbromide
2-BROMO-PROPANE
sec-Propyl bromide
2-bromo propane
UN2344
R651XOV97Z
MFCD00000147
CCRIS 7919
HSDB 623
EINECS 200-855-1
UNII-R651XOV97Z
i-propylbromide
AI3-18127
2-brompropan
iso-propylbromide
i-propyl bromide
2-bromanylpropane
2-propyl bromide
1-isopropylbromide
iso-propyl bromide
i-PrBr
iso-C3H7Br
1-bromo-1-methylethane
2-Bromopropane, 99%
EC 200-855-1
2-Bromopropane [UN2344] [Flammable liquid]
2-Bromopropane, >=99%
SCHEMBL10251
ISOPROPYL BROMIDE [MI]
CHEMBL451810
DTXSID7030197
2-Bromopropane, analytical standard
AMY37129
ZINC2041293
Tox21_200356
BBL027287
BR1118
STL146524
AKOS000119846
UN-2344
CAS-75-26-3
NCGC00091451-01
NCGC00091451-02
NCGC00257910-01
VS-08520
2-Bromopropane, purum, >=99.0% (GC)
B0639
FT-0611602
EN300-20069
D87619
A838364
Q209323
J-508539
F0001-1897

MeSH Entry Terms of 2-Bromopropane:
2-bromopropane
isopropyl bromide
2-Butanol
cas no: 947-19-3 Ciba Daracure 184; (1-Hydroxycyclohexyl)phenylmethanone; (1-Hydroxycyclohexyl)phenylmethanone; 1-Benzoyl-1-hydroxycyclohexane; 1-Benzoylcyclohexanol; Methanone, (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)phenyl-; (1-hydroxycyclohexyl)-phenylmethanone;
2-BUTENEDIOIC ACID

2-Butenedioic acid is a colorless, crystalline solid at room temperature.
2-Butenedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, meaning it contains two carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups in its molecule.
The molecular formula of 2-butenedioic acid is C4H4O4.
2-Butenedioic acid is an organic compound with a molecular weight of approximately 116.07 g/mol.

CAS Number: 110-16-7
EC Number: 203-742-5



APPLICATIONS


2-Butenedioic acid is commonly used in the production of maleic anhydride, a versatile industrial chemical used in the synthesis of various products.
2-Butenedioic acid serves as a precursor for the production of unsaturated polyester resins, which find applications in fiberglass-reinforced plastics and composite materials.
2-Butenedioic acid is a key ingredient in the formulation of alkyd resins used in coatings, paints, and varnishes.

2-Butenedioic acid is used in the synthesis of specialty polymers, including ion-exchange resins and adhesives.
In the food and beverage industry, 2-butenedioic acid is employed as an acidulant and pH regulator to enhance flavor and adjust acidity.
2-Butenedioic acid is used in the production of tartaric acid, which is an important component in baking powders.

2-Butenedioic acid is utilized in the manufacturing of certain pharmaceuticals and medicinal compounds.
In agriculture, it is employed as a component in the formulation of herbicides and pesticides.

2-Butenedioic acid serves as a chelating agent in various industrial processes, including water treatment and metal cleaning.
2-Butenedioic acid can be used as a cross-linking agent in the production of resins and elastomers.
In the textile industry, it is utilized in the finishing of textiles to improve dyeing properties.
2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the production of detergents and cleaning agents as a builder and sequestering agent.

2-Butenedioic acid is used in the formulation of specialty adhesives and sealants, contributing to their bonding properties.
2-Butenedioic acid is employed in the synthesis of malic acid, which is used as an acidulant and flavor enhancer in the food industry.
In the manufacture of leather, 2-butenedioic acid is used in the tanning process.

2-Butenedioic acid can serve as a chemical intermediate in the preparation of various organic compounds.
2-Butenedioic acid is used as a pH buffer in laboratory experiments and analytical chemistry.

2-Butenedioic acid is a component in the production of detergents and cleaning products to improve water softening.
In the cosmetic and personal care industry, it can be used in the formulation of skincare and haircare products.
2-Butenedioic acid is used as a corrosion inhibitor in cooling water systems and pipelines.
2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the formulation of antifreeze and deicing solutions.

2-Butenedioic acid can be employed in the synthesis of specialty chemicals, such as plasticizers and specialty resins.
In the paper and pulp industry, it is used to improve paper quality and as a retention aid.
2-Butenedioic acid can be utilized in the preparation of specialty coatings and films.

2-Butenedioic acid continues to have a wide range of applications across industries, contributing to the development of materials, chemicals, and technologies worldwide.
2-Butenedioic acid is used in the formulation of dental cements and restorative materials in dentistry due to its adhesive properties.
2-Butenedioic acid finds application in the production of specialty inks and printing materials for the graphic arts industry.

In the textile and dyeing industry, it is used as a leveling agent to ensure uniform dye uptake.
2-Butenedioic acid can be employed in the synthesis of maleate esters, which are used as plasticizers in polymer production.

2-Butenedioic acid is used as a reagent in chemical analysis and titration processes for determining the concentration of certain substances.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-butenedioic acid serves as a starting material for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
2-Butenedioic acid is used in the production of adhesives for woodworking and construction applications.

2-Butenedioic acid can be found in the formulation of detergents, particularly for hard water conditions.
2-Butenedioic acid is utilized in the preparation of maleate salts for various applications, including pharmaceuticals.
In the pulp and paper industry, it is used to improve the efficiency of the pulping process.

2-Butenedioic acid can serve as a chemical intermediate in the production of specialty chemicals like surfactants.
2-Butenedioic acid is employed in the production of specialty coatings and corrosion-resistant paints.
In the automotive industry, it is used in the manufacture of automotive body fillers.

2-Butenedioic acid is a component in the formulation of cooling water treatment chemicals.
2-Butenedioic acid can be used as a flux in the soldering and welding of metals.
In the field of biotechnology, it can be used in the production of biodegradable polymers.

2-Butenedioic acid is employed in the formulation of synthetic lubricants and hydraulic fluids.
2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the production of ion-selective electrodes used in analytical chemistry.
In the formulation of detergents, it can act as a soil dispersant to prevent re-deposition of dirt on fabrics.

2-Butenedioic acid is used in the preparation of specialty resins for 3D printing and rapid prototyping.
2-Butenedioic acid can serve as a stabilizer and chelating agent in the formulation of cosmetics and personal care products.
In the textile industry, it is used in the dyeing process to improve color fastness.
2-Butenedioic acid can be employed as a component in the formulation of specialty glues and adhesives for woodworking and carpentry.

2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the production of specialty detergents for dishwashing and industrial cleaning.
The diverse applications of 2-butenedioic acid make it a valuable compound in various industries, contributing to the development of innovative products and technologies.
2-Butenedioic acid is used in the preparation of electrolyte solutions for lead-acid batteries, helping to enhance their performance.
2-Butenedioic acid is employed in the production of corrosion inhibitors, which are essential for protecting metal surfaces in various industries.

In the oil and gas industry, 2-butenedioic acid is utilized in well stimulation treatments to prevent mineral scale formation.
2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the formulation of fire-resistant hydraulic fluids used in aircraft and industrial machinery.
In the formulation of cooling and heat transfer fluids, it can help improve their thermal stability and efficiency.

2-Butenedioic acid is used in the synthesis of specialty surfactants, which have applications in cleaning products and detergents.
2-Butenedioic acid can serve as a chelating agent in the treatment of wastewater to remove heavy metal ions.

In the leather industry, it is used in the tanning process to improve leather quality and durability.
2-Butenedioic acid can be employed in the production of specialty ceramics and glass products.
2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the formulation of adhesives and sealants for construction and automotive applications.
In the manufacturing of rubber products, it is used to improve the adhesion of rubber to various substrates.

2-Butenedioic acid can be found in the formulation of hydraulic fluids for use in heavy machinery.
2-Butenedioic acid is used in the production of specialty detergents for industrial cleaning and degreasing.
In the field of metallurgy, it serves as a component in the pickling solutions used to remove rust and scale from metal surfaces.

2-Butenedioic acid is employed in the formulation of cutting fluids for machining operations.
2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the preparation of specialty ceramics and refractory materials used in high-temperature applications.
In the agriculture industry, it is used as a soil conditioner to improve soil structure and nutrient retention.

2-Butenedioic acid can serve as a reagent in the synthesis of specialty chemicals used in the electronics industry.
2-Butenedioic acid is used in the formulation of specialty coatings for corrosion protection and anti-fouling applications.
In the petrochemical industry, it is employed in the removal of hydrogen sulfide from gas streams.
2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the formulation of cutting-edge catalysts used in chemical processes.

2-Butenedioic acid is used in the preparation of specialty fertilizers to provide essential nutrients to plants.
In the construction industry, it is employed in the production of specialty mortars and grouts.
2-Butenedioic acid can be found in the formulation of specialty cleaning agents for industrial equipment.
Its diverse applications across industries highlight its importance in various chemical processes, materials development, and product innovations.



DESCRIPTION


2-Butenedioic acid, also known as maleic acid, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C4H4O4.
2-Butenedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, which means it contains two carboxyl functional groups (-COOH) in its molecular structure.
2-Butenedioic acid is an unsaturated compound and is often used in various chemical reactions and industrial processes.

2-Butenedioic acid is a colorless, crystalline solid at room temperature.
2-Butenedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, meaning it contains two carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups in its molecule.
The molecular formula of 2-butenedioic acid is C4H4O4.
2-Butenedioic acid is an organic compound with a molecular weight of approximately 116.07 g/mol.
2-Butenedioic acid is soluble in water and many polar organic solvents.

2-Butenedioic acid has a pungent, acidic odor and a sour taste.
The structure of 2-butenedioic acid contains a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) and two carboxyl groups.
The double bond in 2-butenedioic acid gives it its characteristic unsaturated nature.

2-Butenedioic acid is used in the synthesis of various chemicals, including specialty polymers and resins.
2-Butenedioic acid is a common precursor for the production of maleic anhydride, an important industrial chemical.
2-Butenedioic acid can form salts and esters when it reacts with bases and alcohols, respectively.
In its pure form, 2-butenedioic acid is a stable compound, but it can undergo isomerization to its cis-isomer, fumaric acid, under certain conditions.

2-Butenedioic acid is used as an acidulant in the food and beverage industry to enhance flavor and as a preservative.
2-Butenedioic acid is also used in the production of various pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals.
In the field of polymer chemistry, 2-butenedioic acid serves as a building block for the synthesis of specialty polymers.
The double bond in 2-butenedioic acid makes it a valuable starting material for the production of unsaturated polyester resins.

2-Butenedioic acid is a key component in the manufacture of alkyd resins used in coatings and paints.
2-Butenedioic acid can undergo polymerization reactions to form polymeric materials with diverse properties.
2-Butenedioic acid is employed in the formulation of adhesives and sealants, contributing to their adhesive properties.

In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-butenedioic acid is used in the synthesis of certain medications.
2-Butenedioic acid is a chemical reagent in various organic reactions, allowing for the introduction of carboxyl groups into organic molecules.
2-Butenedioic acid can be used as a pH regulator and buffering agent in laboratory and industrial processes.

2-Butenedioic acid plays a role in the production of specialty chemicals and materials across a wide range of industries.
2-Butenedioic acid's versatility and reactivity make it an essential compound in chemical research and industrial applications.
Proper handling and storage procedures should be followed when working with 2-butenedioic acid to ensure safety and efficacy in various processes.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C4H4O4
Molecular Weight: 116.07 g/mol
Physical State: Crystalline solid at room temperature
Color: Colorless to white
Odor: Slightly pungent odor
Taste: Sour
Melting Point: 135-139°C (275-282°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling
Density: 1.59 g/cm³
Solubility: Soluble in water, ethanol, and acetone; slightly soluble in ether
pKa (First Acidic Hydrogen): ~1.5
pKa (Second Acidic Hydrogen): ~6.1
Hygroscopicity: Absorbs moisture from the air


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: A dicarboxylic acid with two carboxyl (-COOH) functional groups.
Functional Groups: Two carboxyl groups (-COOH) on adjacent carbon atoms with a cis configuration.
Acidity: Maleic acid is a weak acid and can release two protons (H+) in solution.
Isomerization: Can isomerize to its cis-isomer, fumaric acid, under certain conditions.
Reactivity: It can react with bases to form salts and with alcohols to form esters.
Unsaturated Bond: Contains a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) in its structure.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person from the contaminated area to fresh air immediately.
Ensure that the person is breathing and has an unobstructed airway.
If breathing difficulties persist or the person exhibits signs of respiratory distress, seek immediate medical attention.
While awaiting medical help, provide oxygen if trained to do so and if available.


Skin Contact:

If 2-butenedioic acid comes into contact with the skin, immediately remove contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with copious amounts of water for at least 15 minutes.
Use mild soap if available, but avoid scrubbing the skin, as it may exacerbate irritation.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, blistering, or chemical burns develop.
Cover the affected area with a sterile bandage or dressing if necessary to prevent contamination.


Eye Contact:

If 2-butenedioic acid contacts the eyes, immediately rinse the affected eye(s) with gently flowing lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes.
Hold the eyelids open to ensure thorough flushing of the eye.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do so after the initial rinse.
Seek immediate medical attention from an eye specialist (ophthalmologist).
Continue rinsing the eye(s) with water while awaiting medical help.
Do not delay seeking medical attention, as eye injuries can worsen over time.


Ingestion:

If 2-butenedioic acid is ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting unless instructed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth with water and encourage the affected person to drink water or milk.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center for guidance.
Provide medical professionals with information about the chemical ingested and its concentration if available.



SYNONYMS


Maleic acid
cis-Butenedioic acid
(Z)-Butenedioic acid
cis-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
2-Butenedioic acid
(Z)-2-Butenedioic acid
1,2-Ethylene dicarboxylic acid
Toxilic acid
Maleinic acid
Hydrogen maleate
Maleinsaeure (German)
Maleate
1,4-Butenedioic acid
cis-1,2-Dicarboxyethylene
But-2-enedioic acid
Malenic acid
Malic acid
Methylenesuccinic acid
Methylenesuccinate
Z-Butenedioic acid
Malonate
2-Butene-1,4-dioic acid
Methylenesuccinic acid
Cis-maleic acid
Maleinic acid
Ethylene dicarboxylic acid
cis-1,2-Butenedioic acid
Hydrogen cis-butenedioate
Z-But-2-enedioic acid
1,2-Butenedicarboxylic acid
Cis-Butene-1,2-dioic acid
2-Butene-1,2-dioic acid
Ethene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Dihydroxyethene acid
Methylenedicarboxylic acid
Toxilic acid
Ethene dicarboxylic acid
Hydrogen cis-butenedioate
2-Butenedioic acid, cis-
Malonylformic acid
Z-2-Butenedioic acid
Ethene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Dihydroxyethylene acid
1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
Methene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
2-Butene-1,4-dioic acid
Ethene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid
Malonate
2-Butenedioate
Butenedioic acid, cis-
Methylenesuccinic acid
cis-1,2-Ethylenedicarboxylic acid
cis-1,2-Dicarboxyethylene
2-Butenedioic acid (Z)
Hydrogen cis-butenedioate
cis-Butenedioate
Maleinic acid
Maleinik kiselina (Serbian)
Maleinsaeure (German)
Methylenesuccinate
Methylenesuccinic acid
Toxilic acid
Maleinska kislina (Slovenian)
2-Butenedioic acid, cis-
Cis-maleic acid
Cis-1,2-butenedioic acid
Ethene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Ethene dicarboxylic acid
Methene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid
Cis-2-Butenedioic acid
2-Butene-1,2-dioic acid
Maleic acid, cis-
Maleate, hydrogen
Malonic acid
Methylenesuccinic acid
2-BUTOXYETHANOL
DESCRIPTION:

2-Butoxyethanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula BuOC2H4OH (Bu = CH3CH2CH2CH2).
2-Butoxyethanol has a sweet, ether-like odor, as it derives from the family of glycol ethers, and is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol.
2-Butoxyethanol appears as a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.



CAS NUMBER: 111-76-2

EC NUMBER: 203-905-0

MOLECULAR FORMULA: C6H14O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 118.17




DESCRIPTION:

2-Butoxyethanol has less dense than water.
2-Butoxyethanol's flash point is 160 °F.
2-Butoxyethanol can irritate skin and eyes and may be toxic by ingestion.
2-Butoxyethanol is used as a solvent and to make paints and varnish.
2-Butoxyethanol is a primary alcohol that is ethanol in which one of the methyl hydrogens is replaced by a butoxy group.
2-Butoxyethanol is used as a solvent for paints and inks, as well as in some dry cleaning solutions.

2-Butoxyethanol is a colorless liquid with a mild odor.
2-Butoxyethanol can harm the eyes, skin, kidneys, and blood. Workers may be harmed from exposure to 2-butoxyethanol.
The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done.
Mainly 2-Butoxyethanol is used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, spray paint, quick-drying paint, varnish, enamel and paint remover.
2-Butoxyethanol can also be used as fiber wetting agent, pesticide dispersing agent, resin plasticizer and organic synthesis intermediate.

One of the main industrial uses of 2-Butoxyethanol is as a solvent in protective surface coatings, such as spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers and enamels, as well as water-based varnishes and latex paints.
2-Butoxyethanol helps decrease the overall thickness of a varnish or paint to help enable smoother application.
2-Butoxyethanol is a reagent for the determination of iron and molybdenum.
2-Butoxyethanol is a colorless liquid and possess a sweet and ether-like odor.
2-butoxyethanol has been used since the 1930’s.

2-Butoxyethanol can be used as a mutual solvent since it has surfactant properties.
Also 2-Butoxyethanol has been used in different industries such as: business, petroleum and more.
2-Butoxyethanol, also known as ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C₆H₁₄O₂.
2-Butoxyethanol is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant odor.
2-Butoxyethanol is commonly used as a solvent in various industrial and household products due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances.
2-Butoxyethanol is often used in household and industrial cleaning products such as window cleaners, degreasers, and all-purpose cleaners due to its effectiveness in breaking down grease, oils, and dirt.

2-Butoxyethanol is used as a solvent in printing inks, particularly in screen printing and flexographic inks.
2-Butoxyethanol's used as a component in paints, varnishes, and coatings to help improve their viscosity, flow, and drying properties.
In industrial settings, 2-Butoxyethanol's used as a solvent for cleaning machinery, equipment, and surfaces in manufacturing and production processes.
2-Butoxyethanol might be used in certain cosmetic and personal care products, although its use in this category has become less common due to concerns about potential health risks.

As it mentioned before, because 2-Butoxyethanol contains low acute toxicity, it can be disposed of incineration.
2-butoxyethanol comes from some industrial activities.
2-Butoxyethanol is usually produced by a reaction of ethylene oxide with butyl alcohol, but it may also be made by the reaction of ethylene glycol with dibutyl sulfate.
2-butoxyethanol is widely used as a solvent in protective surface coatings such as spray lacquers, quick-dry lacquers, enamels, varnishes, and latex paints.
Also, this product can pass into air from water and soil.

In the atmosphere, 2-butoxyethanol probably exists almost entirely as a vapor.
2-Butoxyethanol is a clear, colorless oily liquid with a high boiling point, low volatility and slightly fruity odour.
As with other glycol ethers, 2-Butoxyethanol is bifunctional, containing an ether and an alcohol group in the same molecule.
2-Butoxyethanol is completely miscible with water and a wide variety of organic solvents.
This excellent miscibility makes it a versatile solvent and coupling agent offering excellent performance properties in a wide range of applications.
2-Butoxyethanol use is dominated by the paint industry, which consumes about 75% of all BG produced.

This is because 2-Butoxyethanol is a low volatility solvent and therefore prolongs the drying times of coatings and increases the flow.
Other applications are as a solvent in printing inks and textile dyes and as a component of hydraulic fluids.
2-Butoxyethanol is also a component of drilling and cutting oils and is a key component of Corexit 9527, an oil spill dispersant product.
2-Butoxyethanol is also a chemical intermediate and therefore a starting material in the production of butyl glycol acetate, which is itself an excellent solvent.
2-Butoxyethanol is also the starting material in the production of plasticizers by the reaction of phthalic anhydride.
2-Butoxyethanol is also something used regularly in most households, as it is an ingredient in many household cleaning products.

2-Butoxyethanol provides very good cleaning power for household cleaning products and also provides a characteristic odor associated with most of these products.
2-Butoxyethanol also plays the same role in some industrial and commercial surface cleaners.
2-Butoxyethanol is widely used as a solvent and coupling agent in water-based paints, coatings and inks.
2-Butoxyethanol improves the flow of products and prolongs drying times.

2-Butoxyethanol is preferred in many products due to its mild fragrance.
2-Butoxyethanol acts as a solvent and coupling agent in many waxes, resins, oils and textile dyes and is used in many industrial, commercial and household cleaning products that offer the good cleaning power and fragrance typically associated with such products.
2-Butoxyethanol is an important starting material for various syntheses, which is one of the raw materials for the production of butyl glycol acetate and for the production of plasticizers by reaction with phthalic anhydride.
2-Butoxyethanol is also formulated in insecticides, herbicides, pesticides and cosmetics, and forms an ingredient in hydraulic fluids and cutting and drilling oils.

Its bifunctional nature also means exhibiting the reactions typical of an alcohol, ie. esterification, etherification, oxidation and formation of an ether with acetates and alcoholates, which forms peroxides in the presence of atmospheric oxygen.
2-Butoxyethanol is produced by the reaction of ethylene oxide with normal butanol (n-butanol) in the presence of a catalyst.
2-Butoxyethanol is a flammable material. Keep the product and empty containers away from heat, sparks and flames. Keep in accordance with good industry practices for safety and hygiene.

2-Butoxyethanol is used in many industries.
2-Butoxyethanol is used as a solvent and is found in paint strippers, thinners, and household cleaners.
2-Butoxyethanol has a role as a protic solvent.
2-Butoxyethanol is a primary alcohol and a glycol ether.

As a relatively nonvolatile, inexpensive solvent, 2-Butoxyethanol is used in many domestic and industrial products because of its properties as a surfactant.
2-Butoxyethanol is a known respiratory irritant
2-Butoxyethanol is commonly obtained through two processes; the ethoxylation reaction of butanol and ethylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst.

C2H4O + C4H9OH → C4H9OC2H4OH


2-Butoxyethanol can be obtained in the laboratory by performing a ring opening of 2-propyl-1,3-dioxolane with boron trichloride.
2-Butoxyethanol is often produced industrially by combining ethylene glycol and butyraldehyde in a Parr reactor with palladium on carbon.
In 2006, the European production of 2-Butoxyethanol ethers amounted to 181 kilotons, of which approximately 50% (90 kt/a) was 2-butoxyethanol. World production is estimated to be 200 to 500 kt/a, of which 75% is for paints and coatings and 18% for metal cleaners and household cleaners.
In the US, 2-Butoxyethanol is considered a high production volume chemical because more than 100 million pounds of this chemical are produced per year.
2-Butoxyethanol is a glycol ether with modest surfactant properties, which can also be used as a mutual solvent.

2-Butoxyethanol is a clear, colorless and flammable liquid that is used as a solvent.
Solvents soften and disperse soils so that you can remove them without having to use as much “elbow grease”.
2-Butoxyethanol is part of a family called “glycol ethers“.
2-Butoxyethanol is a clear liquid with an ether-like odour.
2-Butoxyethanol itself is not commercially produced in Canada.
2-Butoxyethanol is widely used in a range of commercial and consumer products, such as paints, cleaning products and solvents, as well as in some industrial applications.




USES:

-Commercial uses:

2-Butoxyethanol is a solvent for paints and surface coatings, as well as cleaning products and inks.
Products that contain 2-butoxyethanol include acrylic resin formulations, asphalt release agents, firefighting foam, leather protectors, oil spill dispersants, degreaser applications, photographic strip solutions, whiteboard and glass cleaners, liquid soaps, cosmetics, dry cleaning solutions, lacquers, varnishes, herbicides, latex paints, enamels, printing paste, and varnish removers, and silicone caulk.
Products containing this compound are commonly found at construction sites, automobile repair shops, print shops, and facilities that produce sterilizing and cleaning products.

2-Butoxyethanol is the main ingredient of many home, commercial and industrial cleaning solutions.
Since the molecule has both polar and non-polar ends, 2-butoxyethanol is useful for removing both polar and non-polar substances, like grease and oils.
2-Butoxyethanol is also approved by the U.S. FDA to be used as direct and indirect food additives, which include antimicrobial agents, defoamers, stabilizers, and adhesives.


-In the petroleum industry:

2-Butoxyethanol is commonly produced for the oil industry because of its surfactant properties.[14]
In the petroleum industry, 2-butoxyethanol is a component of fracturing fluids, drilling stabilizers, and oil slick dispersants for both water-based and oil-based hydraulic fracturing.
When liquid is pumped into the well, the fracturing fluids are pumped under extreme pressure, so 2-butoxyethanol is used to stabilize them by lowering the surface tension.

As a surfactant, 2-butoxyethanol absorbs at the oil-water interface of the fracture.
2-Butoxyethanol is also used to facilitate the release of the gas by preventing congealing.
2-Butoxyethanol is also used as a crude oil–water coupling solvent for more general oil well workovers.



USAGE AREAS:

-fragrance
-solvents
-viscosity controlling agents



APPLICATIONS:

-Used as a solvent for paints, inks, components of metal cleaners, and raw materials for dye dispersants
-2-Butoxyethanol is mainly used as a solvent for nitrocellulose, spray paint, quick drying paint, varnish, enamel and paint remover
-Can also be used as fiber wetting agent, pesticide dispersant, resin plasticizer, organic synthesis intermediates
-Determination of iron and molybdenum reagents
-Improves emulsifying properties and auxiliary solvents that dissolve mineral oil in the soap.
-Used as a reagent and solvent for the determination of iron and molybdenum, it is also used to separate calcium and strontium from nitrates.



PRODUCT INFORMATION:

-CAS number: 111-76-2
-Molecular weight: 118.17
-Molecular formula: C6H14O2
-SMILES: CCCCOCCO
-Purity: 99%+
-Apparence: Colorless clear liquid




CHARACTERISTICS:

-PSA: 29.46000
-XLogP3: 0.7954
-Appearance: Transparent liquid
-Density: 0.9012 g/cm3 @ Temp: 20 °C
-Melting Point: -74.8 °C
-Boiling Point: 168.4 °C
-Flash Point: 140 °F
-Refractive Index: n20/D 1.419(lit.)
-Water Solubility: Miscible



PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Molecular Weight: 118.17 g/mol
-XLogP3: 0.8
-Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
-Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
-Rotatable Bond Count: 5
-Exact Mass: 118.099379685 g/mol
-Monoisotopic Mass: 118.099379685 g/mol
-Topological Polar Surface Area: 29.5Ų
-Heavy Atom Count: 8
-Complexity: 37.5
-Isotope Atom Count: 0
-Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
-Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
-Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
-Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes




PROPERTIES:

-vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
-vapor pressure: -Assay: ≥95% (GC)
-form: liquid
-autoignition temp.: 473 °F
-expl. lim.: 10.6 %
-color: APHA: ≤40
-refractive index: n20/D 1.419 (lit.)
-pH: 7 (20 °C in H2O, as aqueous solution)
-bp: 169-172.5 °C (lit.)
-mp: −75 °C (lit.)
-transition temp: flash point 67 °C
-solubility: 900 g/L (completely miscible)
-density: 0.9 g/cm3 at 20 °C, 0.902 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
-shipped in: ambient
-storage temp.: room temp
-SMILES string: CCCCOCCO
-InChI: 1S/C6H14O2/c1-2-3-5-8-6-4-7/h7H,2-6H2,1H3
-InChI key: POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:

-Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
-Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
-Specific Gravity: 0.89900 to 0.90500 @ 25.00 °C.
-Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.481 to 7.531
-Refractive Index: 1.41600 to 1.42200 @ 20.00 °C.
-Melting Point: -74.80 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
-Boiling Point: 168.40 °C. at 760.00 mm Hg
-Vapor Pressure: 0.880000 mmHg at 25.00 °C.
-Vapor Density: 4.1 ( Air = 1 )
-Flash Point: 140.00 °F. TCC ( 60.00 °C. )
-logP (o/w): 0.830



SPECIFICATIONS:

-CAS Min %: 98.5
-CAS Max %: 100.0
-Melting Point: -70.0°C
-Density: 0.9010g/mL
-Boiling Point: 171.0°C
-Flash Point: 62°C
-Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
-Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
-Packaging: Glass Bottle
-Refractive Index: 1.4180 to 1.4200
-Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3OCH2CH2OH



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:

-Melting point: -70 °C
-Boiling point: 171 °C
-density: 0.902 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
-vapor density: 4.1 (vs air)
-vapor pressure: -refractive index: n20/D 1.419(lit.)
-Fp: 140 °F
-storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
-solubility: 900g/l completely miscible
-form: Liquid
-pka: 14.42±0.10(Predicted)
-color: Clear
-PH: 7 (H2O, 20℃)(as aqueous solution)
-Odor: Mild, characteristic; slightly rancid; mild ethereal.



STORAGE:

Keep away from open flames、and high temperature.



SYNONYM:

2-Butoxyethanol
111-76-2
2 Butoxyethanol
Butyl cellosolve
Butyl glycol
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER
2-Butoxyethanol
111-76-2
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER
Butyl glycol
Butyl cellosolve
Butoxyethanol
n-Butoxyethanol
Ethanol, 2-butoxy-
Ethylene glycol butyl ether
Butyl oxitol
Dowanol EB
Glycol butyl ether
Glycol ether eb
3-Oxa-1-heptanol
2-butoxyethan-1-ol
EGBE
2-Butoxy-1-ethanol
Gafcol EB
2-n-Butoxyethanol
O-Butyl ethylene glycol
Jeffersol eb
Butyl cellu-sol
BUCS
Ektasolve EB
Glycol monobutyl ether
Chimec NR
2-Butoxy ethanol
2-Butossi-etanolo
2-Butoxy-aethanol
Butylcelosolv
Butylglycol
Butoksyetylowy alkohol
2-Butoxy-ethanol
Ethylene glycol n-butyl ether
EGMBE
Monobutyl glycol ether
Monobutyl ether of ethylene glycol
Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
n-Butyl Cellosolve
.beta.-Butoxyethanol
9004-77-7
Butyl monoether glycol
Butylcelosolv [Czech]
Caswell No. 121
Butyglycol
Monobutyl ethylene glycol ether
2-n-Butoxy-1-ethanol
Ether alcohol
Ethylene glycol, monobutyl ether
Butyl icinol
g lycol ether eb
beta-Butoxyethanol
2 -Butoxyethanol
Minex BDH
Butylglycol [French,German]
2-Butoxy-aethanol [German]
NSC 60759
2-Butossi-etanolo [Italian]
2-Hydroxyethyl n-butyl ether
Butoxyethanol, 2-
ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether
Ektasolve EB solvent
CCRIS 5985
HSDB 538
2-Butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether)
Butoksyetylowy alkohol [Polish]
2-Butoxyethan(ol-d)
2-Butoxyethanol--d4
Ek tasolve EB solvent
Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol
Glycol ether eb acetate
EINECS 203-905-0
UNII-I0P9XEZ9WV
UN2369
I0P9XEZ9WV
Butyl 2-hydroxyethyl ether
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 011501
Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol
BRN 1732511
AI3-0993
AI3-09903
Eter monobutilico del etilenglicol [Spanish]
DTXSID1024097
Ethylene glycol mono butyl ether
CHEBI:63921
Ether monobutylique de l'ethyleneglycol [French]
NSC-60759
2-BUTOXY(ETHANOL-13C2)
EC 203-905-0
EC 500-012-0
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE)(2-Butoxyet)
DTXCID904097
2-BUTOXY ETHANOL (ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER)
butylcellosolve
CAS-111-76-2
SMR001253761
n-butoxyethanol sodium salt
Butyloxitol
2-Butoksyetanol
2-Butoxietanol
EB Solvent
2- butoxyethanol
3-oxaheptan-1-ol
Etanol, 2-butoxi-
2-(n-Butoxy)ethanol
BuOCH2CH2OH
EGM (CHRIS Code)
Ethylene glycol monobutyl
2-Butoxyethanol
2-(1-Butyloxy) ethanol
Aethylenglycolmonobuthylaether
BUTOXYETHANOL
2-Butoxy-aethanol
SCHEMBL15712
Ethyleneglycol-monobutyl ether
MLS002174253
MLS002454362
WLN: Q2O4
BUTYL CELLOSOLVE
Butyglycol
ethylene glycol-monobutyl ether
CHEMBL284588
QSPL 003
2-BUTOXYETHANOL
2-BUTOXYETHANOL
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, 99%
2-butoxyethanol (butyl cellosolve)
NSC60759
(C2-H4-O)mult-C4-H10-O
ther d'thylneglycol et de monobutyle
Tox21_202399
Tox21_300123
LS-539
MFCD00002884
NA2369
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, >=99%
AKOS009028760
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE)
NCGC00090683-01
NCGC00090683-02
NCGC00090683-03
NCGC00090683-04
NCGC00090683-05
NCGC00254083-01
NCGC00259948-01
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE)
B0698
FT-0626297
UVCB substance. IUPAC name not applicable.
EN300-19317
C19355
500-012-0 (NLP #)
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, analytical standard
ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-BUTYL ETHER [HSDB]
Q421557
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, for synthesis, 99.0%
J-508565
Butoxyethanol, 2-; (Glycol ether EB; Xtraction II)
Butoxyethanol, 2-; (Glycol ether EB; Xtraction II)
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGBE) (2-Butoxyethanol)
Ethylene glycol butyl ether, spectrophotometric grade, >=99.0%
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether




TRADE NAME:

2-Butoxyethanol
2-butoxy-1-ethanol
3-oxa-1-heptanol
3-oxo-1-heptanol
BG
BGE
BuOX
Butyl CELLOSOLVE™ Solvent
Butyl CELLOSOLVE™ Solvent
Butyl Glycol
Butyl Oxitol
Butyl glycol ether
Butylglycol
Butylglycolether
Dowanol EB
EB solvent
EGBE
Glycol Ether EB
Glycol ether EB
butoxyethanol
butyl cellosolve
butyl ethoxol
butyl monoether glycol
butyl oxitol
butylglycol ether
ethylene glycol butyl ether
ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
monobutyl ether
n-butoxyethanol
o-butyl ethylene glycol



PROCESS NAME:

2-butoxyethanol
2-Butoxyethanol
2-butoxyethanol
2-butoxyethanol; ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
EGBE
Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether
Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
Ethyleneglycol monobutyl ether



IUPAC NAME:

1-Butoxy-2-hydroxyethan
2 butossietanolo
2-buthoxtethanol
2-Bütoksietanol
2-butoxy ethanol
2-butoxy-1-ethanol
2-butoxy-ethanol
2-butoxyehanole
2-Butoxyethan-1-ol
2-butoxyethan-1-ol
2-Butoxyethano
2-BUTOXYETHANOL
2-Butoxyethanol
2-butoxyethanol
2-Butoxyethanol
2-butoxyethanol
2-butoxyethanol (Butyl glycol)
2-butoxyethanol ethylene glycol monobutyl ether butyl cellosolve
2-butoxyethanol, butyl cellosolve, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
2-Butoxyethanol; Butyl glycol; Butyl cellosolve ...
2-butoxyethanol; ethylene glycol monobutyl ether; butyl cellosolve
2-butoxyéthanol
Butoxyethanol
butyl cellosolve





























2-Butyl-1-octanol ( BUTYLOCTANOL)
2-Ethylcaproic acid; alpha-Ethylcaproic acid; Ethylhexanoic acid; Butyl(ethyl)acetic acid; 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid; cas no :149-57-5
2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a colourless, hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a commercially significant compound in its own right and as a precursor to other products.


CAS Number: 110-65-6
EC Number: 203-788-6
MDL number: MFCD00002915
Molecular Formula: C4H6O2



SYNONYMS:
But-2-yne-1,4-diol, Butynediol, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-butyne, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol, 110-65-6, But-2-yne-1,4-diol, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-butyne, 1,4-BUTYNEDIOL, Bis(hydroxymethyl)acetylene, 2-Butynediol, 2-Butin-1,4-diol, NSC 834, DTXSID4021921, 2-butyn-1,4-diol, 1,4-Dimethoxyacetylene, AXH202FPQM,
CHEBI:16413, NSC-834, Agrisynth B3D, DTXCID901921, 1,4-Butynediol (VAN), 1,4-Butinodiol, Butynediol-1,4, CAS-110-65-6, HSDB 2004, EINECS 203-788-6, UNII-AXH202FPQM, UN2716, BRN 1071237, AI3-61467, 2-butyne-l,4-diol, but-2-yne-1,4diol, 1,2-Dimethoxyacetylene, 1,4Dihydroxy-2-butyne, 2-butyne-1,4-di-ol, EC 203-788-6, WLN: Q2UU2Q, 1,4-BUTYNE GLYCOL, 4-01-00-02687 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 1,2-Dihydroxydimethylacetylene, NSC834, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol, 99%, CHEMBL3187551, 1,4-BUTYNEDIOL [HSDB], Tox21_201284, Tox21_302875, MFCD00002915, AKOS000118736, UN 2716, NCGC00249014-01, NCGC00256535-01, NCGC00258836-01, 1,4-Butynediol [UN2716], B0749, NS00009569, EN300-19323, Butynediol 1,4-Butynediol 2-Butyne-1,4-diol, C02497, E78871, Q209328, J-002458, F0001-0223, InChI=1/C4H6O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,3-4H, 2-butyne-1,4-diol, butynediol, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-butyne, 1,4-butynediol, bis hydroxymethyl acetylene, 2-butynediol, 2-butin-1,4-diol, agrisynth b3d, unii-axh202fpqm, 1,4-butynediol van, Bis(hydroxymethyl)acetylene, But-2-yne-1,4-diol, 1,4-Butynediol, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-butyne, 2-Butynediol, Butynediol, 2-Butin-1,4-diol, UN 2716, 1,2-Dimethoxyacetylene, NSC 834, NSC 834, 2-Butynediol 2-Butyne-1,4-diol, Bis(hydroxymethyl)acetylene, UN 2716, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-butyne, 2-Butynediol, But-2-yne-1,4-diol, Butynediol, Bis (hydroxymethyl) acetylene, 1,2-Dimethoxyacetylene, 1,4-Butynediol, 2-Butin-1,4-diol, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol, 1,4-Butynediol, Butynediol, Bis(hydroxymethyl)acetylene, 2-Butynediol, 1,4-Dihydroxy-2-butyne, NSC 834, BYD, BOZ, But-2-yne-1,4-diol, 1,4-BUTYNEDIOL, Butynediol, 2-BUTYN-1,4-DIOL, 2-Butin-1,4-diol, Dihydroxydimethylacetylene, 2-Butynediol, agrisynthb3d,



2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a colorless to slightly yellow solid, and is almost odorless.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is completely soluble with water in all proportions.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is an organic compound that is an alkyne and a diol.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a colourless, hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a commercially significant compound in its own right and as a precursor to other products.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol appears as white to light-brown solid or brownish-yellow aqueous solution.


Solid sinks and mixes with water.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a butynediol that is but-2-yne substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 4.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 tonnes per annum.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is an organic compound combinding an alkyne and a dioland is a precursor to 1,4-Butanediol.
The Boiling point of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol is at 238°C and melting point at 52-55°C.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is hygroscopic.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acid chlorides, acid anhydrides, strong acids and strong bases.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a butynediol that is but-2-yne substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 4.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol appears as white to light-brown solid or brownish-yellow aqueous solution.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is water soluble.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is an organic compound that is an alkyne and a diol.
This yellow crystalline solid, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol, is soluble in water and ethanol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used primarily in the synthesis of organic compounds.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a colorless, hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used basic brightener in nickel electroplating baths, also an important intermediate for organic synthesis; corrosion inhibitor; defoliant ; polymerization accelerator; stabilizer for chlorinated hydrocarbons; cosolvent for paint and varnish removal.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, coating products, metal surface treatment products and laboratory chemicals.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used for the manufacture of: metals, fabricated metal products and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Other release to the environment of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, water treatment chemicals, pH regulators and water treatment products, coating products and metal surface treatment products.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, washing & cleaning products, coating products and laboratory chemicals.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products, electrical, electronic and optical equipment, chemicals.
Release to the environment of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a precursor to 1,4-butanediol and 2-butene-1,4-diol by hydrogenation.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is also used in the manufacture of certain herbicides, textile additives, corrosion inhibitors, plasticizers, synthetic resins, and polyurethanes.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is the major raw material used in the synthesis of vitamin B6.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is also used for brightening, preserving, and inhibiting nickel plating.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol reacts with a mixture of chlorine and hydrochloric acid to give mucochloric acid, HO2CC(Cl)=C(Cl)CHO (see mucobromic acid).


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used as a precursor to prepare 1,4-butanediol, 2-butene-1,4-diol and mucochloric acid.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is also used in textile additives, corrosion inhibitors, plasticizers, synthetic resins and polyurethanes.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is an important raw material of vitamin B6.


Further, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used for brightening, preserving and inhibiting nickel plating.
In addition, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used in biological studies for nematocidal activity.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is mainly used in the manufacturing of pesticides, corrosion inhibitors, plasticizers, synthetic resins and polyurethanes.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used as a precursor to prepare 1,4-butanediol, 2-butene-1,4-diol and mucochloric acid.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is also used in textile additives, corrosion inhibitors, plasticizers, synthetic resins and polyurethanes.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is an important raw material of vitamin B6.


Further, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used for brightening, preserving and inhibiting nickel plating.
In addition, 2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used in biological studies for nematocidal activity.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used to produce butanedioland butenediol, in metal plating andpickling baths, and in making the carbamateherbicide Barban (Carbyne).


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is extensively used in the cycloaddition reactions such as the homologation method for the preparation of substituted acenes, rhodium and iridium-catalyzed [2+ 2+ 2] inter and intramolecular cyclotrimerization.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol can also be used in the total synthesis of (−)-isolaurallene, (−)-amphidinolide P and bistramide A.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a precursor to 1,4-butanediol.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is also used in the manufacture of plant protection agents, pesticides, textile additives, corrosion inhibitors, platicizers, synthetic resins, and polyurethanes.


2-Butyne-1,4-diol is used in biological studies for nematocidal activity.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol uses and applications include: Corrosion inhibitor in acid pickles and cleaners; pharmaceuticals intermediate; electroplating brightener; defoliant; polymerization accelerator; stabilizer for chlorinated hydrocarbons; cosolvent for paint and varnish removal; synthesis of histamine and pyridoxine; alternative route for vitamin B6; emulsifier Suggested storage of 2-Butyne-1,4-diol: Hygroscopic



SOLUBILITY OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, methanol.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is slightly soluble in ethyl ether and chloroform.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is insoluble in benzene.



SYNTHESIS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is carried out by reaction under pressure of acetylene and an aqueous solution of formaldehyde, catalyzed by copper acetylide.



STORAGE OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
2-Butyne-1,4-diol can be stored in steel, aluminum, nickel, glass, epoxy, and phenolic liner containers.
Rubber hose may be used for transfer.
Avoid contact with heavy metal salt contaminants.



PURIFICATION METHODS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
Crystallise the diol from EtOAc.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is a yellow solid.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol is soluble in water, acidic solution, ethanol and acetone, slightly soluble in chloroform, insoluble in benzene and ether.



SYNTHESIS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
2-Butyne-1,4-diol can be produced in the Reppe synthesis, where formaldehyde and acetylene are the reactants:
2 CH2O + HCCH → HOCH2CCCH2OH
Several patented production methods use copper bismuth catalysts coated on an inert material.
The normal temperature range for the reaction is 90°C up to 150°C, depending on the pressure used for the reaction which can range from 1 to 20 bar.



FUNCTIONS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
*Emulsifier ,
*Accelerator ,
*Acid ,
*Stabilizer



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
Pure 2-Butyne-1,4-diol is non-explosvie.
Small amounts of certain impurities-alkali hydroxides, alkaline earth hydroxides, halides-may cause explosive decomposition upon distillation.
2-Butyne-1,4-diol should not be treated with basic catalysts in the absence of a solvent at room temperature, and its stability is less with elevated temperatures.
In strong acids, contamination with mercury salts can also result in violent decomposition



SYNTHESIS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
2-Butyne-1,4-diol can be produced in the Reppe synthesis, where formaldehyde and acetylene are the reactants:
2 CH2O + HC≡CH → HOCH2CCCH2OH
Several patented production methods use copper bismuth catalysts coated on an inert material.
The normal temperature range for the reaction is 90 °C up to 150 °C, depending on the pressure used for the reaction which can range from 1 to 20 bar.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
Chemical formula: C4H6O2
Molar mass: 86.090 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless crystalline solid
Density: 1.11 g/cm3 (at 20 °C)
Melting point: 58 °C (136 °F; 331 K)
Boiling point: 238 °C (460 °F; 511 K)
Solubility in water: 3740 g/L
Molecular Weight: 86.09 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -1.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 86.036779430 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 86.036779430 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 40.5Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 6
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 66
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 110-65-6
EC index number: 603-076-00-9
EC number: 203-788-6
Hill Formula: C₄H₆O₂
Molar Mass: 86.09 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 39 90

Boiling point: 125 - 127 °C (3 hPa)
Density: 1.04 - 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 152 °C
Ignition temperature: 410 °C
Melting Point: 56 - 58 °C
pH value: 4 - 7.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 23 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 500 kg/m3
Solubility: 3740 g/l
Physical State :Solid
Solubility :Soluble in water (3740 mg/ml at 20° C),
alcohol, ether, benzene, and acetonez.
Storage :Desiccate at room temperature
Melting Point :53-58° C (lit.)
Boiling Point :238° C (lit.)
Density :1.04 g/cm3

Refractive Index :n20D 1.48
Physical state: crystalline
Color: beige
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 53 - 58 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 238 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 152 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 4 - 7,5 at 100 g/l at 23 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available

Water solubility: 3.740 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -0,73 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: < 0,1 hPa at 55 °C
Density: 1,04 - 1,05 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Systematic Name:2-Butyne-1,4-diol
EPA Registry Name:2-Butyne-1,4-diol
IUPAC Name:But-2-yne-1,4-diol
Internal Tracking Number:26849
CAS Number:110-65-6
Substance Type:Chemical Substance
Molecular Formula:C4H6O2

Molecular Weight:86.09 g/mol
Beilstein Number: 1071237
MDL: MFCD00002915
XlogP3-AA: -1.10 (est)
Molecular Weight: 86.09022000
Formula: C4 H6 O2
Appearance: pale brown to brownish-yellow solid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 50.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 238.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.008000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 306.00 °F. TCC ( 152.22 °C. )
logP (o/w): 0.093 (est)
Soluble in: water, 7.958e+005 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
CAS Min % 98.5
CAS Max % 100.0
Melting Point: 54.0°C to 58.0°C

Color: Yellow
Density: 1.2000g/mL
Boiling Point: 238.0°C
Flash Point: 152°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
Linear Formula: HOCH2C≡CCH2OH
Refractive Index: 1.4804
Beilstein: 01, I, 261
Specific Gravity: 1.2
Solubility Information Solubility in water: 2960g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: soluble in aqueous acids,soluble in alcohol and acetone,
insoluble in ether and benzene,soluble in polar solvents
Formula Weight: 86.09
Percent Purity: 99%
Physical Form: Crystalline Platelets or Flakes
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Butyne-1, 4-diol

Melting point: 54 °C
Boiling point: 238 °C(lit.)
Density: 1.2
vapor pressure: refractive index: 1.4804
Flash point: 306 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 3740g/l
form: Crystalline Platelets or Flakes
pka: 12.72±0.10(Predicted)
color: slightly brown
PH: 4-7.5 (100g/l, H2O, 23℃)
Water Solubility: 3740 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1071237
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 0.1 ppm; STEL 0.3 ppm
OSHA: TWA 0.75 ppm; STEL 2 ppm
NIOSH: IDLH 20 ppm; TWA 0.016 ppm; Ceiling 0.1 ppm
Stability: Stable.

LogP: -0.73 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 110-65-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1-2
FDA UNII: AXH202FPQM
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Butyne-1,4-diol(110-65-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Butyne-1,4-diol (110-65-6)
Name: 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL
CAS Registry Number: 110-65-6
Formula: C4H6O2
InChI: InChI=1S/C4H6O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,3-4H2
InChIKey: DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Instrument Name: BRUKER AC-300
Melting Point: 58C
Molecular Weight: 86.09
Molecular Weight:86.09
Exact Mass:86.09
BRN:1071237

EC Number:203-788-6
UNII:AXH202FPQM
ICSC Number:1733
NSC Number:834
UN Number:2716
DSSTox ID:DTXSID4021921
Color/Form:Plates from benzene and ethyl acetate
White, orthorhombic crystals
WHITE TO LIGHT YELLOW
Yellow scaley solid at 20 °C and 1,013 hPa
HScode:29053980
PSA:40.5
XLogP3:-0.73
Appearance:slightly brown Crystalline Platelets or Flakes
Density:1.1
Melting Point:58 °C

Boiling Point:238 °C @ Press: 760 Torr
Flash Point:306 °F
Refractive Index:1.4804
Water Solubility:H2O: 3740 g/L (20 ºC)
Storage Conditions:Refrigerator
Vapor Pressure:Vapor Density:Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.0
Henrys Law Constant:
Henry's Law constant = 1.684X10-11 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Air and Water Reactions:Soluble in water.
Reactive Group:Alcohols and Polyols
Autoignition Temperature:335 °C



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P3
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible
only to qualified or authorized persons.
Air and moisture sensitive.
Handle and store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL
DESCRIPTION:

2-butyne-1,4-diol is an organic compound from the alkyne and diol family .
2-butyne-1,4-diol occurs as colorless to yellow crystals, extremely soluble in water and ethanol .
1,4-butynediol appears as white to light-brown solid or brownish-yellow aqueous solution. Solid sinks and mixes with water.

CAS No 110-65-6
EC No. 203-788-6
IUPAC Name But-2-yne-1,4-diol
Molecular weight : 86.09
Molecular Formula : C4H6O2


SYNONYMS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL
1,4-dihydroxybut-2-yne,2-butin-1,4-diol,2-butyne-1,4-diol,2-Butyne-1,4-diol,110-65-6,But-2-yne-1,4-diol,Butynediol,1,4-Dihydroxy-2-butyne,1,4-BUTYNEDIOL,Bis(hydroxymethyl)acetylene,2-Butynediol,2-Butin-1,4-diol,NSC 834,DTXSID4021921,2-butyn-1,4-diol,1,4-Dimethoxyacetylene,AXH202FPQM,CHEBI:16413,NSC-834,Agrisynth B3D,DTXCID901921,1,4-Butynediol (VAN),Butynediol-1,4 [French],1,4-Butinodiol [Spanish],1,4-Butinodiol,Butynediol-1,4,CAS-110-65-6,2-Butin-1,4-diol [Czech],HSDB 2004,EINECS 203-788-6,UNII-AXH202FPQM,2-Butin-1,4-diol [Czechoslovakia],UN2716,BRN 1071237,AI3-61467,2-butyne-l,4-diolbut-2-yne-1,4diol,1,2-Dimethoxyacetylene,1,4Dihydroxy-2-butyne,2-butyne-1,4-di-ol,EC 203-788-6,WLN: Q2UU2Q,1,4-BUTYNE GLYCOL,4-01-00-02687 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),1,2-Dihydroxydimethylacetylene,NSC834,2-Butyne-1,4-diol, 99%,CHEMBL3187551,1,4-BUTYNEDIOL [HSDB],Tox21_201284,Tox21_302875,MFCD00002915,STL185542,AKOS000118736,UN 2716,NCGC00249014-01,NCGC00256535-01,NCGC00258836-01,1,4-Butynediol [UN2716] [Poison],B0749,NS00009569,EN300-19323,Butynediol 1,4-Butynediol 2-Butyne-1,4-diol,C02497,E78871,Q209328,J-002458,F0001-0223,InChI=1/C4H6O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,3-4H






But-2-yne-1,4-diol is a butynediol that is but-2-yne substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 4.
1,4-Butynediol is an organic compound that is an alkyne and a diol.
2-butyne-1,4-diol is a colourless, hygroscopic solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents.
2-butyne-1,4-diol is a commercially significant compound in its own right and as a precursor to other products.


But-2-yne-1,4-diol is obtained by Reppe synthesis , by reaction of acetylene ( ethyne) with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde (methanal) under pressure (it was thus produced on a large scale from 1941) 7 :
2 VSH2O + VS2H2⟶VS4H6O2
The reaction normally occurs at a temperature between 90 and 150 °C , depending on the pressure applied to the system which ranges from 1 to 20 bar 8 .

Different patented production techniques use catalysts based on copper and bismuth , or even copper acetylide (I) 3 .
Annual European production of butynediol is around 200,000 tonnes 3 .


2-Butyne-1,4-diol (BYD, BBD) is a colorless to slightly yellow solid, and is almost odorless.
It is completely soluble with water in all proportions.
2-Butin-1,4-diol (BYD, BBD) is an organic compound combinding an alkyne and a dioland is a precursor to 1,4-Butanediol.


2-butyne-1,4-diol is mainly used in the manufacturing of pesticides, corrosion inhibitors, plasticizers, synthetic resins and polyurethanes.
The Boiling point of 2-Butin-1,4-diol (BYD, BBD) is at 238°C and melting point at 52-55°C.



SYNTHESIS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
1,4-Butynediol can be produced in the Reppe synthesis, where formaldehyde and acetylene are the reactants:
2 CH2O + HC≡CH → HOCH2CCCH2OH
Several patented production methods use copper bismuth catalysts coated on an inert material.
The normal temperature range for the reaction is 90 °C up to 150 °C, depending on the pressure used for the reaction which can range from 1 to 20 bar.


APPLICATIONS OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
But-2-yne-1,4-diol is transformed by hydrogenation into but-2-ene-1,4-diol and butane-1,4-diol .
2-butyne-1,4-diol is also a precursor of vitamin B6 .
2-butyne-1,4-diol is also used in the manufacture of medicines, pesticides , herbicides , flame retardants , anti-corrosion agents , plasticizers , synthetic resins and polyurethanes .

2-butyne-1,4-diol is used in galvanizing processes (by nickel or copper ), and to shine and preserve nickel plating.

2-Butyne-1,4-diol is extensively used in the cycloaddition reactions such as the homologation method for the preparation of substituted acenes,[1] rhodium and iridium-catalyzed [2+ 2+ 2] inter and intramolecular cyclotrimerization.

2-butyne-1,4-diol can also be used in the total synthesis of (−)-isolaurallene[4], (−)-amphidinolide P[5] and bistramide A.[


1,4-Butynediol is a precursor to 1,4-butanediol and 2-butene-1,4-diol by hydrogenation.
2-butyne-1,4-diol is also used in the manufacture of certain herbicides, textile additives, corrosion inhibitors, plasticizers, synthetic resins, and polyurethanes.
2-butyne-1,4-diol is the major raw material used in the synthesis of vitamin B6.
2-butyne-1,4-diol is also used for brightening, preserving, and inhibiting nickel plating.

2-butyne-1,4-diol reacts with a mixture of chlorine and hydrochloric acid to give mucochloric acid, HO2CC(Cl)=C(Cl)CHO (see mucobromic acid).



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-BUTYNE-1,4-DIOL:
Formula C 4 H 6 O 2 [Isomers]
Molar mass 1 86.089 2 ± 0.004 2 g / mol
C 55.81%, H 7.02%, O 37.17%,
Physical properties
Melting temperature 58 °C 2
Boiling temperature 238 °C 2
Solubility 3.740 kg • l -1 (water, 20 °C ) 2
very soluble in ethanol and acetone 3
Volumic mass 1.04 to 1.05 g cm -3 ( 20 ° C 2
Autoignition temperature 335 °C 2
Flash point 136 °C (closed cup) 2
Saturation vapor pressure < 0.1 mbar ( 20 °C) 2
20 mbar ( 145 °C ) 2
Dynamic viscosity -
Molecular Weight
86.09 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
-1.1
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
86.036779430 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
86.036779430 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
40.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
6
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
66
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
vapor pressure
Quality Level
200
Assay
99%
form
crystals
bp
238 °C (lit.)
mp
53-58 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
OCC#CCO
InChI
1S/C4H6O2/c5-3-1-2-4-6/h5-6H,3-4H2
InChI key
DLDJFQGPPSQZKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical name or material 2-Butyne-1, 4-diol
% min. CAS 98.5
% max. CAS 100.0
Fusion point 54.0°C to 58.0°C
Color YELLOW
Density 1,2000g/mL
Boiling point 238.0°C
Flash point 152°C
Spectre IR Authentic
Dosage percentage range 98.5% min. (GC)
CAS number 110-65-6
EC index number 603-076-00-9
EC number 203-788-6
Hill Formula C₄H₆O₂
Molar Mass 86.09 g/mol
HS Code 2905 39 90
Boiling point 125 - 127 °C (3 hPa)
Density 1.04 - 1.05 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point 152 °C
Ignition temperature 410 °C
Melting Point 56 - 58 °C
pH value 4 - 7.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 23 °C)
Vapor pressure Bulk density 500 kg/m3
Solubility 3740 g/l
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Melting range (lower value) ≥ 54 °C
Melting range (upper value) ≤ 57 °C
Identity (IR) passes test
Physical state :
Solid
Solubility :
Soluble in water (3740 mg/ml at 20° C), alcohol, ether, benzene, and acetonez.
STORAGE :
Desiccate at room temperature
Fusion point :
53-58° C (lit.)
Boiling point :
238° C (lit.)
Density :
1.04 g/cm 3
Refractive index :
n 20 D 1.48

2-CHLORO-BENZALDEHYDE
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is a chlorinated derivative of benzaldehyde that is used in production of CS gas.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde reacts with malononitrile to form CS.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is a clear colorless to yellowish liquid.

CAS: 89-98-5
MF: C7H5ClO
MW: 140.57
EINECS: 201-956-3

2-chloro-benzaldehyde has been used in generation of small focused library of diversely functionalized dihydropyrimidine derivatives via one-pot three-component Biginelli cyclocondensation of β-ketoesters, aldehydes and thioureas.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is a compound useful in organic synthesis used in the preparation and antimicrobial activity of indazolone derivatives.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is the simplest representative of the aromatic aldehydes.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is a colorless liquid aldehyde with a characteristic almond odor.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde boils at 180°C, is soluble in ethanol, but is insoluble in water.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is formed by partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol and readily oxidized to benzoic acid and is converted to addition products by hydrocyanic acid or sodium bisulfite.

2-chloro-benzaldehyde is also prepared by oxidation of toluene or benzyl chloride or by treating benzal chloride with an alkali, e.g., sodium hydroxide.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is used chiefly in the synthesis of other organic compounds, ranging from pharmaceuticals to plastic additives and benzaldehyde is an important intermediate for the processing of perfume and flavouring compounds and in the preparation of certain aniline dyes.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is the first step in the synthesis for fragrances.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde undergoes simultaneous oxidation and reduction with alcoholic potassium hydroxide, giving potassium benzoate and benzyl alcohol.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is converted to benzoin with alcoholic potassium cyanide, with anhydrous sodium acetate and acetic anhydride, giving cinnamic acid.

Compounds which do not have alpha-hydrogen atoms cannot form an enolate ion and do not undergo electrophilic alpha-substitution and aldol condensation.
Aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde and formaldehyde may undergo disproportionation in concentrated alkali (Cannizaro's reaction); one molecule of the aldehyde is reduced to the corresponding alcohol and another molecule is simultaneously oxidized to the salt of a carboxylic acid.
The speed of the reaction depends on the substituents in the aromatic ring.
Two different types of aldehydes (aromatic and aliphatic) can undergo crossing reaction to form fomaldehyde and aromatic alcohols.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is used as an intermediate for the manufacture of dyestuffs, optical brighteners, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals and metal finishing products.

2-chloro-benzaldehyde Chemical Properties
Melting point: 9-11 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 209-215 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.248 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.84 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1.27 mm Hg ( 50 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.566(lit.)
Fp: 190 °F
Storage temp.: Store in RT
Solubility: 1.8g/l
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless to light yellow
PH: 2.9 (H2O)(saturated aqueous solution)
Water Solubility: 0.1-0.5 g/100 mL at 24 ºC
Sensitive: Air Sensitive
BRN: 385877
Stability: Stable. Combustible.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, iron, strong reducing agents.
Moisture and light-sensitive.
LogP: 2.44 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 89-98-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzaldehyde, 2-chloro-(89-98-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-chloro-benzaldehyde (89-98-5)

2-chloro-benzaldehyde is a colorless to yellowish liquid with a penetrating odor.
Insoluble in water, soluble in benzene, alcohol and ether.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is considerably more resistant to oxidation than benzaldehyde.
When 2-chloro-benzaldehyde is heated with sodium sulfite solution under pressure, benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic acid forms.

Uses
2-chloro-benzaldehyde can be used to make alcohols, acids, and dyes; used in the rubber, tanning, and paper industries; used as an intermediate for optical brighteners, agricultural chemicals, and pharmaceuticals.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde can also be used to prepare triphenyl methane and related dyes, organic intermediate.

2-chloro-benzaldehyde is used acid zinc plating brightener, also be used for organic synthesis, agricultural pesticide and pharmaceutical industries.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is used to synthesize the acaricides clofentezine and flutenzine.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde undergoes alkynylation with phenylacetylene in the presence of catalytic ligands and dimethylzinc at 0°C to form binaphthyl-derived amino alcohols.

Preparation
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is produced mainly by chlorination of 2-chlorotoluene to form 2-chlorobenzal chloride, which is then subjected to acid hydrolysis.
Metal salts, such as iron(III) chloride, are used as catalysts.
The hydrolysis can also be accomplished using formic acid without a catalyst.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde can also be produced by oxidation of 2-chlorobenzyl chloride with N-oxides of tertiary amines or with dilute nitric acid.

Reactivity Profile
2-chloro-benzaldehyde reacts with iron and strong oxidizers, strong bases and strong reducing agents.
Symptoms of exposure to 2-chloro-benzaldehyde may include skin, eye and upper respiratory tract irritation.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde may cause skin, eye and respiratory tract irritation.
When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes.
2-chloro-benzaldehyde is combustible.

Synonyms
2-Chlorobenzaldehyde
89-98-5
O-CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE
Chlorobenzaldehyde
Benzaldehyde, 2-chloro-
Benzaldehyde, o-chloro-
2-Chlorbenzaldehyd
2-Clorobenzaldeide
o-Chloorbenzaldehyde
2-chloro-benzaldehyde
USAF M-7
2-Chloorbenzaldehyde
o-Chlorobenzenecarboxaldehyde
2-chloro benzaldehyde
BENZALDEHYDE,CHLORO-
2-Chlorbenzaldehyd [German]
NSC 15347
o-Chloorbenzaldehyde [Dutch]
2-Chloorbenzaldehyde [Dutch]
2-Clorobenzaldeide [Italian]
CCRIS 5991
35913-09-8
Benzaldehyde, chloro-
HSDB 2727
EINECS 201-956-3
UNII-QHR24X1LXK
MFCD00003304
QHR24X1LXK
AI3-04254
DTXSID5024764
NSC-15347
NSC 174140
EC 201-956-3
chlorotoluon
o-chlorobezaldehyde
2-chlorobezaldehyde
6-chlorobenzaldehyde
o-Chloroformylbenzene
orthochlorobenzaldehyde
2- chlorobenzaldehyde
2-chlorobenzenaldehyde
(2-chloro)benzaldehye
ortho-chlorobenzaldehyde
(2-chloro)benzaldehyde
(2-chloro) benzaldehyde
WLN: VHR BG
2-Chlorobenzaldehyde, 99%
SCHEMBL97422
MLS001056242
CHLOROBENZALDEHYDE, O-
Benzaldehyde, chloro- (9CI)
DTXCID204764
CHEMBL1547989
AMY39073
NSC15347
STR00143
Tox21_200373
STL146016
AKOS000119188
CS-W003973
LS-1903
CAS-89-98-5
NCGC00091218-01
NCGC00091218-02
NCGC00257927-01
SMR001216556
FT-0611908
FT-0611909
FT-0658390
EN300-19123
D77644
Q2195231
W-100351
2-Chlorobenzaldehyde, purum, dist., >=98.0% (GC)
F2190-0599
Z104472866
InChI=1/C7H5ClO/c8-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)5-9/h1-5
2-CYANOGUANIDINE
2-Cyanoguanidine is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Cyanoguanidine is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group.
2-Cyanoguanidine is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.

CAS Number: 461-58-5
EC Number: 207-312-8
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 84.08

2-Cyanoguanidine is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of 2-2-Cyanoguanidine.
The chemical is 2-Cyanoguanidine or 2-Dicyandiamide dimer, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.

2-Cyanoguanidine, the amide of normal cyanic acid, is a white crystal that melts at 45 °C.
2-Cyanoguanidine is easily soluble in water, alcohol and diethyl ether.
2-Cyanoguanidine is commercially prepared from limestone-derived carbonate by the carbide process or by desulfurization of thiourea in the presence of a catalyst (mercuric oxide).

2-Cyanoguanidine is prepared with ammonia and cyanogen halides.
When 2-Cyanoguanidine is heated at 150°C, 2-Cyanoguanidine polymerizes to 2-Cyanoguanidine and tricyantriamide to melamine.

Dicyanodiammonia, abbreviated as dicy or DCD.
2-Cyanoguanidine is an organic substance with the chemical formula of c2h4n4.

2-Cyanoguanidine is a dimer of 2-Dicyandiamide and a cyano derivative of guanidine.
Soluble in water, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide, almost insoluble in ether and benzene.

2-Cyanoguanidine is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.

2-Cyanoguanidine has a role as a curing agent, a flame retardant, a fertilizer, an explosive and a nitrification inhibitor.
2-Cyanoguanidine is a member of guanidines and a nitrile.

The application of nitrification inhibitors has been used as a strategy to promote N utilization efficacy and reduce N2O emissions in paddy.
2-Cyanoguanidine as a widely used nitrification inhibitor inhibits the activity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria which results in longer ammonium retention and reduces the production of NO2 in soils.

2-Cyanoguanidine efficacy was found to be related to 2-Cyanoguanidine concentration, temperature, moisture, pH, and organic matter content.
Studies have shown that leaching 2-Cyanoguanidine from agricultural soils into aquatic ecosystems can strongly change the community composition of benthic stream bacteria and algae and influence stream nutrient cycling stoichiometry.
Literature on the mechanisms and benefits of nitrification inhibitors is extensive but there are very few studies focused on the influence of 2-Cyanoguanidine application on other microbes in paddy system.

2-Cyanoguanidine is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

2-Cyanoguanidine is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.

2-Cyanoguanidine has a role as a curing agent, a flame retardant, a fertilizer, an explosive and a nitrification inhibitor.
2-Cyanoguanidine is a member of guanidines and a nitrile.

2-Cyanoguanidine is a nitrile derived from guanidine.
2-Cyanoguanidine is a dimer of 2-Cyanoguanidine, from which 2-Cyanoguanidine can be prepared.
2-Cyanoguanidine is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents.

Dycyandiamide is used as an element of synthesis for production of plastics, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and technical chemicals.

Commonly known as 2-Cyanoguanidine, the white crystalline compound is the dimer for 2-Dicyandiamide or for Cyanoguanidine.

2-Cyanoguanidine crystals melt at 210° C, and are soluble in water and alcohol.
Other uses for 2-Cyanoguanidine are in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, oil well drilling muds, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs.

2-Cyanoguanidine (DICY or DCD), also known as 2-Dicyandiamide, is a non-hazardous, non-volatile, white crystalline powder with the molecular formula of C2H4N4 and CAS number 461-58-5.

2-Cyanoguanidine is produced from the polymerization of 2-Dicyandiamide in the presence of a base.
2-Cyanoguanidine is typically pure white crystals, stable when dry and soluble in liquid ammonia.

2-Cyanoguanidine is partly soluble in hot water.
2-Cyanoguanidine is non-flammable.

2-Cyanoguanidine is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.
Another popular use of Dycyandiamide is a flame retardant additive in the paper and textile industries.

2-Cyanoguanidine can be used as a slow release fertilizer.
Dycandiamide also finds applications in the adhesive industry, powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.

2-Cyanoguanidine is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of 2-2-Cyanoguanidine.
The chemical is the dimer of 2-Cyanoguanidine or 2-Dicyandiamide, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.
2-Cyanoguanidine is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives.

2-Cyanoguanidine is commonly used for the curing of epoxy resins.
2-Cyanoguanidine is a nitrification inhibitor that is said to be capable of reducing nitrate (NO3-) leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from grazed pasture soils.

Applications of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
2-Cyanoguanidine is used as a slow release fertilizer.
In the adhesive industry, 2-Cyanoguanidine is used as a curing agent for epoxies.
2-Cyanoguanidine is also used as a flame retardant additive in paper and textile industries.

Additional applications include use in powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.
2-Cyanoguanidine is also used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.

The big advantage of 2-Cyanoguanidine is that 2-Cyanoguanidine is extremely reactive but nevertheless non-hazardous, and because of this 2-Cyanoguanidine is used in a wide variety of applications.
The largest application field is as a synthetic component for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s), inter alia for the manufacture of the type II anti-diabetes drug Metformin.
Another major application field is the hot-curing of epoxy resins for industrial applications, and in recent years 2-Cyanoguanidine has a growing importance as a nitrogen stabiliser for agicultural fertilisers.

2-Cyanoguanidine is an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.

2-Cyanoguanidine can be used as an organic precursor for synthesizing carbon nitride nanosheets.

2-Cyanoguanidine is a nitrogen-based molecule (66% by weight) with high reactivity that is used in a wide variety of applications across multiple industries.

Applications include:
Flame retardant additive in timer, paper, and textile industries
Slow/continuous release nitrogen fertilizer
Hardener/curing agent in Epoxy resins
Powder coatings
Dielectric coatings
Adhesives
Water treatment chemicals
Dye fixing
Pharmaceutical applications
Stabilizer compound for PVC flooring
Floatation depressant in copper ores

Fertilizer Applications:
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in fertilizer formulations as a slow/continuous release nitrogen source.
There are two major ways in which nitrogen is lost from soil – denitrification and leeching.

Denitrification is loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Leeching is when nitrogen is washed from soil through rain or irrigation.

2-Cyanoguanidine has been shown to prevent nitrogen loss through both leeching and de-nitrification in soil.
This helps reduce the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission such as nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching into waterways.

Uses of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
2-Cyanoguanidine is used as a curing agent (epoxy resins), flotation depressant (copper ores), intumescent paint ingredient, electrostatic powder coating ingredient, plasticizer (starch adhesives), fertilizer additive, nitrocellulose stabilizer, antioxidant (fats and oils), fire-proofing compound, case-hardening additive, cleaning and soldering compound, thinner for oil-well drilling muds, detergent stabilizer, and starch modifier.
2-Cyanoguanidine is also used in dye-stuffs and explosives.

2-Cyanoguanidine is a guanidine derivative used in the synthesis of barbiturates, 2-Cyanoguanidine is also used in the plastics industry (manufacture of melamine).
In the plastics industry (manufacture of melamine).

In the pharmaceutical industry (barbiturates, guanidine derivatives).
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the synthesis of barbiturates.

2-Cyanoguanidine is used as a stabilizer of ammonium dinitramide melt.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used as hardener.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the following products: fertilisers, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and adhesives and sealants.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development.

2-Cyanoguanidine is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of 2-Cyanoguanidine is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Uses at industrial sites:
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the following products: leather treatment products, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.

2-Cyanoguanidine is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and chemicals.
Release to the environment of 2-Cyanoguanidine can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Bleaching agent
Catalyst
Dye
Hardener
Intermediate
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizers
Process regulators
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Hardener
Intermediate
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Heat Treating
Petroleum Production and Refining
Soldering
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Plastic Composites Manufacturing
Metal Extraction and Refining

Usage Areas of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
In the leather industry, the selective filler effect fills the hollow parts of the leather such as skirts.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in fertilizer making, fireproofing finishes, epoxy laminates, water treatment and rubber chemicals.

2-Cyanoguanidine is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used as a curing material for epoxies in the adhesive industry.

2-Cyanoguanidine (an intermediate for the production of melamine and the main ingredient of amino plastics and resins.
Slow and continuous nitrogen emission fertilizers, fire retardant agents, circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, paint fixation, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals, including epoxy laminates for

Production and Use of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
2-Cyanoguanidine is produced by treating 2-Cyanoguanidine with base.
2-Cyanoguanidine is produced in soil by decomposition of 2-Cyanoguanidine.

A variety of useful compounds are produced from 2-2-Cyanoguanidine, guanidines and melamine.
For example, acetoguanamine and benzoguanamine are prepared by condensation of 2-Cyanoguanidine with the nitrile:
(H2N)2C=NCN + RCN → (CNH2)2(CR)N3

2-Cyanoguanidine is also used as a slow fertilizer.
Formerly, 2-Cyanoguanidine was used as a fuel in some explosives.
2-Cyanoguanidine is used in the adhesive industry as a curing agent for epoxy resins.

Chemistry of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
Two tautomeric forms exist, differing in the protonation and bonding of the nitrogen to which the nitrile group is attached.

2-Cyanoguanidine can also exist in a zwitterionic form via a formal acid–base reaction among the nitrogens.

Loss of ammonia (NH3) from the zwitterionic form, followed by deprotonation of the remaining central nitrogen atom, gives the di2-Cyanoguanidine anion, [N(CN)2]−.

Manufacturing Methods of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
Prepared by controlled polymerization of 2-Cyanoguanidine in water in presence of ammonia, alkaline earth hydroxides, or other suitable bases.
2-Cyanoguanidine is manufactured by dimerization of 2-Cyanoguanidine in aqueous solution.

The 25% 2-Cyanoguanidine solution produced is adjusted to pH 8-9 and held at approximately 80 °C for two hours to give complete conversion.
The hot liquor is filtered and transferred to a vacuum crystallizer where 2-Cyanoguanidine is cooled.
The crystals of 2-Cyanoguanidine are separated in continuous centrifuges and passed to rotary driers.

General Manufacturing Information of 2-Cyanoguanidine:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive Manufacturing
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Construction
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade
Wood Product Manufacturing

Handling and Storage of 2-Cyanoguanidine:

Handling:
Wear personal protective equipment/face protection.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing.
Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Avoid dust formation.

Storage:
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.

Stability and Reactivity of 2-Cyanoguanidine:

Reactive:
Hazard None known, based on information available.

Stability:
Stable under normal conditions.
Conditions to Avoid Incompatible products.

Excess heat.
Avoid dust formation.

Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Hazardous Polymerization:
Hazardous polymerization does not occur.

Hazardous Reactions:
None under normal processing.

First Aid Measures of 2-Cyanoguanidine:

Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
Getmedical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attentionimmediately if symptoms occur.

Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air.
Get medical attention immediately if symptoms occur.

Ingestion:
Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water.
Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

Most important symptoms and effects:
None reasonably foreseeable.

Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically

Fire Fighting Measures of 2-Cyanoguanidine:

Suitable Extinguishing:
Media Water spray, carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical, alcohol-resistant foam.

Accidental Release Measures of 2-Cyanoguanidine:

Personal Precautions:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Use personal protective equipment as required.
Avoiddustformation.

Environmental Precautions:
Should not be released into the environment.

Methods for Containment and Clean Up:
Sweep up and shovel into suitable containers for disposal.
Avoid dust formation.

Identifiers of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
Synonym(s): DCD, 2-Cyanoguanidine, Dicyanodiamide
Linear Formula: NH2C(=NH)NHCN
CAS Number: 461-58-5
Molecular Weight: 84.08
Beilstein: 605637
EC Number: 207-312-8
MDL number: MFCD00008066
PubChem Substance ID: 24894150
NACRES: NA.22

CAS: 461-58-5
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 84.08
MDL Number: MFCD00008066
InChI Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 10005
SMILES: NC(N)=NC#N

CAS Number: 461-58-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:147423
ChemSpider: 9611
ECHA InfoCard: 100.006.649
EC Number: 207-312-8
PubChem CID: 10005
RTECS number: ME9950000
UNII: M9B1R0C16H
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1020354
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6)
Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6)
Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: N#CNC(=N)N
isomer: N#CN=C(N)N
zwitterion: N#CNC(=[N-])[NH3+]

Item Number: C0454
Purity / Method of Analysis: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C2H4N4 = 84.08
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS No: 461-58-5
Reaxys Registry Number: 605637
PubChem Substance ID: 87565575
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 2049
Merck Index (14): 3092
MDL Number: MFCD00008066

Properties of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
Chemical formula: C2H4N4
Molar mass: 84.08 g/mol
Appearance: White crystals
Density: 1.400 g/cm3
Melting point: 209.5 °C (409.1 °F; 482.6 K)
Boiling point: 252 °C (486 °F; 525 K)
Solubility in water: 41.3 g/l
log P: −0.52
Henry's law
constant (kH): 2.25×10−10 atm·m3/mol
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −44.55×10−6 cm3/mol

Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: powder
mp: 208-211 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: NC(=N)NC#N
InChI: 1S/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6)
InChI key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Appearance: White to Almost white powder to crystal
Purity(Nonaqueous Titration): min. 98.0%
Melting point: 209.0 to 213.0 °C

Molecular Weight: 84.08 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 84.043596145 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 84.043596145 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 100
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
Melting Point: 211 °C
Maximum Absorption Wavelength: 218 nm
Resolution in water: Slightly soluble
Degree of solubility in water: 41.3 g/l 25 °C
Solubility (soluble in): Dimethylformamide
Solubility (slightly sol. in): Ethanol
Solubility (soluble in): Benzene,Ether,Chloroform

Melting Point: 208.0°C to 211.0°C
Color: White
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99.5%
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Quantity: 2.5 kg
Fieser: 01,229
Merck Index: 15, 3103
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 32g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: 38g/L in methanol (20°C)
IUPAC Name: 2-2-Cyanoguanidine
Formula Weight: 84.08
Percent Purity: 99.5%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Cyanoguanidine

Names of 2-Cyanoguanidine:

Regulatory process names:
1-Cyanoguanidine
ACR-H 3636
Araldite HT 986
Araldite XB 2879B
Araldite XB 2979B
Bakelite VE 2560
Cyanoguanidine
Cyanoguanidine
cyanoguanidine
Dicyandiamide
Dicyandiamido
Dicyandiamin
Dicyanodiamide
dicyanodiamide
Epicure DICY 15
Epicure DICY 7
Guanidine, cyano-
Guanidine, N-cyano-
N-Cyanoguanidine
Pyroset DO
XB 2879B

IUPAC names:
1- cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanguanidin
1-Cyanoguanidine
1-cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
2-cyanoguanidine
CYANOGUANIDINE
Cyanoguanidine
cyanoguanidine
Cyanoguanidine
Cynoguanidine
DICANDIAMIDE
dicyandiamid
Dicyandiamid
DICYANDIAMIDE
Dicyandiamide
N-Cyanoguanidine
N-cyanoguanidine
N-methylguanidine

IUPAC name:
2-Cyanoguanidine

Trade names:
1-cyanoguanidin
DCD
Dicyandiamide
Dicyanodiamide
Didiin
DMPF

Other names:
Cyanoguanidine
dicyanodiamide
N-cyanoguanidine
1-cyanoguanidine
guanidine-1-carbonitrile
dicyandiamin
Didin
DCD
Dicy

Other identifiers:
125148-58-5
139351-77-2
139351-78-3
1437797-89-1
1446334-90-2
157480-33-6
1610803-20-7
166432-96-8
187414-06-8
200818-58-2
205265-14-1
313058-80-9
461-58-5

Synonyms of 2-Cyanoguanidine:
Dicyandiamide
CYANOGUANIDINE
461-58-5
Dicyanodiamide
2-Cyanoguanidine
N-Cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine, cyano-
Pyroset DO
Dicyandiamido
Dicyandiamin
Epicure DICY 7
Epicure DICY 15
Araldite HT 986
Bakelite VE 2560
Araldite XB 2879B
Araldite XB 2979B
Dicy
ACR-H 3636
XB 2879B
Dicyandiamin [German]
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
NSC 2031
CCRIS 3478
Guanidine, N-cyano-
AI3-14632
HSDB 2126
EINECS 207-312-8
UNII-M9B1R0C16H
M9B1R0C16H
3-cyanoguanidine
DTXSID1020354
Guanidine-15N3, cyano-15N-
NSC2031
NSC-2031
EC 207-312-8
DTXCID50354
cyano-guanidin
157480-33-6
26591-10-6
CAS-461-58-5
Metformin impurity A
MFCD00008066
Cyanoguanidene
Dicyanadiamide
Dicyanediamide
cyano-guanidine
guanidine, cyano
1-cyano-guanidine
Cyanamide metabolite
Cyanoguanidine,(S)
Dicyandiamide, 99%
Dyhard 100S
Guanidina, N-ciano-
Adeka EH 3636AS
Metformin EP Impurity A
Adeka EH 3636
DICYANODIAMIDE [MI]
CYANOGUANIDINE [HSDB]
NCN=C(NH2)2
CHEMBL3183942
CHEBI:147423
Tox21_201513
Tox21_302730
BBL009709
STL141074
STL483054
AKOS000118777
AKOS005208673
CCG-214839
J3.635H
NCGC00249058-01
NCGC00256355-01
NCGC00259063-01
BP-31003
LS-73392
CS-0015691
FT-0624736
EN300-21430
D78355
Q905401
W-106101
Dicyanodiamide (210 degrees C) Melting Point Standard
F0001-1248
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
Z203045078
InChI=1/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6
Cyanoguanidine, >=95.0% (HPLC), pharmaceutical impurity standard
Metformin impurity A, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
504-66-5 [RN]
Cyanamide, cyano-
Cyanamide, N-cyano- [ACD/Index Name]
Cyancyanamid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Cyanocyanamide [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Cyanocyanamide [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
dicyanamide
Dicyanimide
207-998-9 [EINECS]
Dicyanamid
DICYANOAMINE
Ditsianamid
EINECS 207-998-9
Imidodicarbonitrile
UNII:8G893R58P1
UNII-8G893R58P1
2-DICYANDIAMIDE
2-Dicyandiamide is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Dicyandiamide is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group.
2-Dicyandiamide is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.

CAS Number: 461-58-5
EC Number: 207-312-8
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 84.08

2-Dicyandiamide is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of 2-2-Dicyandiamide.
The chemical is 2-Dicyandiamide or 2-Dicyandiamide dimer, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.

2-Dicyandiamide, the amide of normal cyanic acid, is a white crystal that melts at 45 °C.
2-Dicyandiamide is easily soluble in water, alcohol and diethyl ether.
2-Dicyandiamide is commercially prepared from limestone-derived carbonate by the carbide process or by desulfurization of thiourea in the presence of a catalyst (mercuric oxide).

2-Dicyandiamide is prepared with ammonia and cyanogen halides.
When 2-Dicyandiamide is heated at 150°C, 2-Dicyandiamide polymerizes to 2-Dicyandiamide and tricyantriamide to melamine.

Dicyanodiammonia, abbreviated as dicy or DCD.
2-Dicyandiamide is an organic substance with the chemical formula of c2h4n4.

2-Dicyandiamide is a dimer of 2-Dicyandiamide and a cyano derivative of guanidine.
Soluble in water, alcohol, ethylene glycol and dimethylformamide, almost insoluble in ether and benzene.

2-Dicyandiamide is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.

2-Dicyandiamide has a role as a curing agent, a flame retardant, a fertilizer, an explosive and a nitrification inhibitor.
2-Dicyandiamide is a member of guanidines and a nitrile.

The application of nitrification inhibitors has been used as a strategy to promote N utilization efficacy and reduce N2O emissions in paddy.
2-Dicyandiamide as a widely used nitrification inhibitor inhibits the activity of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria which results in longer ammonium retention and reduces the production of NO2 in soils.

2-Dicyandiamide efficacy was found to be related to 2-Dicyandiamide concentration, temperature, moisture, pH, and organic matter content.
Studies have shown that leaching 2-Dicyandiamide from agricultural soils into aquatic ecosystems can strongly change the community composition of benthic stream bacteria and algae and influence stream nutrient cycling stoichiometry.
Literature on the mechanisms and benefits of nitrification inhibitors is extensive but there are very few studies focused on the influence of 2-Dicyandiamide application on other microbes in paddy system.

2-Dicyandiamide is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

2-Dicyandiamide is a guanidine in which one of the amino hydrogens of guanidine itself is substituted by a cyano group.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, explosives, oil well drilling muds, and dyestuffs.

2-Dicyandiamide has a role as a curing agent, a flame retardant, a fertilizer, an explosive and a nitrification inhibitor.
2-Dicyandiamide is a member of guanidines and a nitrile.

2-Dicyandiamide is a nitrile derived from guanidine.
2-Dicyandiamide is a dimer of 2-Dicyandiamide, from which 2-Dicyandiamide can be prepared.
2-Dicyandiamide is a colourless solid that is soluble in water, acetone, and alcohol, but not nonpolar organic solvents.

Dycyandiamide is used as an element of synthesis for production of plastics, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals and technical chemicals.

Commonly known as 2-Dicyandiamide, the white crystalline compound is the dimer for 2-Dicyandiamide or for Cyanoguanidine.

2-Dicyandiamide crystals melt at 210° C, and are soluble in water and alcohol.
Other uses for 2-Dicyandiamide are in the manufacture of fertilizers, explosives, oil well drilling muds, pharmaceuticals, and dyestuffs.

2-Dicyandiamide (DICY or DCD), also known as 2-Dicyandiamide, is a non-hazardous, non-volatile, white crystalline powder with the molecular formula of C2H4N4 and CAS number 461-58-5.

2-Dicyandiamide is produced from the polymerization of 2-Dicyandiamide in the presence of a base.
2-Dicyandiamide is typically pure white crystals, stable when dry and soluble in liquid ammonia.

2-Dicyandiamide is partly soluble in hot water.
2-Dicyandiamide is non-flammable.

2-Dicyandiamide is often used as a curing agent for epoxies and as a used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.
Another popular use of Dycyandiamide is a flame retardant additive in the paper and textile industries.

2-Dicyandiamide can be used as a slow release fertilizer.
Dycandiamide also finds applications in the adhesive industry, powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.

2-Dicyandiamide is a strongly alkaline and water-soluble white crystalline compound with the scientific name of 2-2-Dicyandiamide.
The chemical is the dimer of 2-Dicyandiamide or 2-Dicyandiamide, which is mainly used in the production of melamine.
2-Dicyandiamide is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives.

2-Dicyandiamide is commonly used for the curing of epoxy resins.
2-Dicyandiamide is a nitrification inhibitor that is said to be capable of reducing nitrate (NO3-) leaching and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from grazed pasture soils.

Applications of 2-Dicyandiamide:
2-Dicyandiamide is used as a slow release fertilizer.
In the adhesive industry, 2-Dicyandiamide is used as a curing agent for epoxies.
2-Dicyandiamide is also used as a flame retardant additive in paper and textile industries.

Additional applications include use in powder coatings, dielectric coatings, water treatment chemicals, rubber, dye fixing, and pharmaceutical applications.
2-Dicyandiamide is also used as a stabilizer compound for PVC flooring.

The big advantage of 2-Dicyandiamide is that 2-Dicyandiamide is extremely reactive but nevertheless non-hazardous, and because of this 2-Dicyandiamide is used in a wide variety of applications.
The largest application field is as a synthetic component for the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API’s), inter alia for the manufacture of the type II anti-diabetes drug Metformin.
Another major application field is the hot-curing of epoxy resins for industrial applications, and in recent years 2-Dicyandiamide has a growing importance as a nitrogen stabiliser for agicultural fertilisers.

2-Dicyandiamide is an intermediate for melamine production and is the basic ingredient of amino plastics and resins.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals including slow and continuous nitrogen release fertilizers, fireproofing agents, epoxy laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, dye fixing, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.

2-Dicyandiamide can be used as an organic precursor for synthesizing carbon nitride nanosheets.

2-Dicyandiamide is a nitrogen-based molecule (66% by weight) with high reactivity that is used in a wide variety of applications across multiple industries.

Applications include:
Flame retardant additive in timer, paper, and textile industries
Slow/continuous release nitrogen fertilizer
Hardener/curing agent in Epoxy resins
Powder coatings
Dielectric coatings
Adhesives
Water treatment chemicals
Dye fixing
Pharmaceutical applications
Stabilizer compound for PVC flooring
Floatation depressant in copper ores

Fertilizer Applications:
2-Dicyandiamide is used in fertilizer formulations as a slow/continuous release nitrogen source.
There are two major ways in which nitrogen is lost from soil – denitrification and leeching.

Denitrification is loss of nitrogen to the atmosphere.
Leeching is when nitrogen is washed from soil through rain or irrigation.

2-Dicyandiamide has been shown to prevent nitrogen loss through both leeching and de-nitrification in soil.
This helps reduce the negative effects of greenhouse gas emission such as nitrous oxide and nitrate leaching into waterways.

Uses of 2-Dicyandiamide:
2-Dicyandiamide is used as a curing agent (epoxy resins), flotation depressant (copper ores), intumescent paint ingredient, electrostatic powder coating ingredient, plasticizer (starch adhesives), fertilizer additive, nitrocellulose stabilizer, antioxidant (fats and oils), fire-proofing compound, case-hardening additive, cleaning and soldering compound, thinner for oil-well drilling muds, detergent stabilizer, and starch modifier.
2-Dicyandiamide is also used in dye-stuffs and explosives.

2-Dicyandiamide is a guanidine derivative used in the synthesis of barbiturates, 2-Dicyandiamide is also used in the plastics industry (manufacture of melamine).
In the plastics industry (manufacture of melamine).

In the pharmaceutical industry (barbiturates, guanidine derivatives).
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the synthesis of barbiturates.

2-Dicyandiamide is used as a stabilizer of ammonium dinitramide melt.
2-Dicyandiamide is used as hardener.

Widespread uses by professional workers:
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: fertilisers, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals and adhesives and sealants.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development.

2-Dicyandiamide is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of 2-Dicyandiamide is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Uses at industrial sites:
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the following products: leather treatment products, polymers, pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development.

2-Dicyandiamide is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur and chemicals.
Release to the environment of 2-Dicyandiamide can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Bleaching agent
Catalyst
Dye
Hardener
Intermediate
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Plasticizers
Process regulators
Processing aids, not otherwise listed
Viscosity adjustors

Consumer Uses:
Adhesives and sealant chemicals
Hardener
Intermediate
Intermediates
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Other (specify)
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Heat Treating
Petroleum Production and Refining
Soldering
Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides)
Plastic Composites Manufacturing
Metal Extraction and Refining

Usage Areas of 2-Dicyandiamide:
In the leather industry, the selective filler effect fills the hollow parts of the leather such as skirts.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in fertilizer making, fireproofing finishes, epoxy laminates, water treatment and rubber chemicals.

2-Dicyandiamide is also used as a curing agent for epoxy resins and laminates for circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives.
2-Dicyandiamide is used as a curing material for epoxies in the adhesive industry.

2-Dicyandiamide (an intermediate for the production of melamine and the main ingredient of amino plastics and resins.
Slow and continuous nitrogen emission fertilizers, fire retardant agents, circuit boards, powder coatings and adhesives, water treatment chemicals, paint fixation, leather and rubber chemicals, explosives and pharmaceuticals.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the production of a wide range of organic chemicals, including epoxy laminates for

Production and Use of 2-Dicyandiamide:
2-Dicyandiamide is produced by treating 2-Dicyandiamide with base.
2-Dicyandiamide is produced in soil by decomposition of 2-Dicyandiamide.

A variety of useful compounds are produced from 2-2-Dicyandiamide, guanidines and melamine.
For example, acetoguanamine and benzoguanamine are prepared by condensation of 2-Dicyandiamide with the nitrile:
(H2N)2C=NCN + RCN → (CNH2)2(CR)N3

2-Dicyandiamide is also used as a slow fertilizer.
Formerly, 2-Dicyandiamide was used as a fuel in some explosives.
2-Dicyandiamide is used in the adhesive industry as a curing agent for epoxy resins.

Chemistry of 2-Dicyandiamide:
Two tautomeric forms exist, differing in the protonation and bonding of the nitrogen to which the nitrile group is attached.

2-Dicyandiamide can also exist in a zwitterionic form via a formal acid–base reaction among the nitrogens.

Loss of ammonia (NH3) from the zwitterionic form, followed by deprotonation of the remaining central nitrogen atom, gives the di2-Dicyandiamide anion, [N(CN)2]−.

Manufacturing Methods of 2-Dicyandiamide:
Prepared by controlled polymerization of 2-Dicyandiamide in water in presence of ammonia, alkaline earth hydroxides, or other suitable bases.
2-Dicyandiamide is manufactured by dimerization of 2-Dicyandiamide in aqueous solution.

The 25% 2-Dicyandiamide solution produced is adjusted to pH 8-9 and held at approximately 80 °C for two hours to give complete conversion.
The hot liquor is filtered and transferred to a vacuum crystallizer where 2-Dicyandiamide is cooled.
The crystals of 2-Dicyandiamide are separated in continuous centrifuges and passed to rotary driers.

General Manufacturing Information of 2-Dicyandiamide:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Adhesive Manufacturing
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Construction
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Paper Manufacturing
Pharmaceutical and Medicine Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing
Synthetic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing
Wholesale and Retail Trade
Wood Product Manufacturing

Handling and Storage of 2-Dicyandiamide:

Handling:
Wear personal protective equipment/face protection.
Ensure adequate ventilation.

Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing.
Avoid ingestion and inhalation.
Avoid dust formation.

Storage:
Keep containers tightly closed in a dry, cool and well-ventilated place.

Stability and Reactivity of 2-Dicyandiamide:

Reactive:
Hazard None known, based on information available.

Stability:
Stable under normal conditions.
Conditions to Avoid Incompatible products.

Excess heat.
Avoid dust formation.

Incompatible Materials:
Strong oxidizing agents

Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Carbon monoxide (CO), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Nitrogen oxides (NOx)

Hazardous Polymerization:
Hazardous polymerization does not occur.

Hazardous Reactions:
None under normal processing.

First Aid Measures of 2-Dicyandiamide:

Eye Contact:
Rinse immediately with plenty of water, also under the eyelids, for at least 15 minutes.
Getmedical attention.

Skin Contact:
Wash off immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes.
Get medical attentionimmediately if symptoms occur.

Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air.
Get medical attention immediately if symptoms occur.

Ingestion:
Clean mouth with water and drink afterwards plenty of water.
Get medical attention if symptoms occur.

Most important symptoms and effects:
None reasonably foreseeable.

Notes to Physician:
Treat symptomatically

Fire Fighting Measures of 2-Dicyandiamide:

Suitable Extinguishing:
Media Water spray, carbon dioxide (CO2), dry chemical, alcohol-resistant foam.

Accidental Release Measures of 2-Dicyandiamide:

Personal Precautions:
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Use personal protective equipment as required.
Avoiddustformation.

Environmental Precautions:
Should not be released into the environment.

Methods for Containment and Clean Up:
Sweep up and shovel into suitable containers for disposal.
Avoid dust formation.

Identifiers of 2-Dicyandiamide:
Synonym(s): DCD, 2-Dicyandiamide, Dicyanodiamide
Linear Formula: NH2C(=NH)NHCN
CAS Number: 461-58-5
Molecular Weight: 84.08
Beilstein: 605637
EC Number: 207-312-8
MDL number: MFCD00008066
PubChem Substance ID: 24894150
NACRES: NA.22

CAS: 461-58-5
Molecular Formula: C2H4N4
Molecular Weight (g/mol): 84.08
MDL Number: MFCD00008066
InChI Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
PubChem CID: 10005
SMILES: NC(N)=NC#N

CAS Number: 461-58-5
ChEBI: CHEBI:147423
ChemSpider: 9611
ECHA InfoCard: 100.006.649
EC Number: 207-312-8
PubChem CID: 10005
RTECS number: ME9950000
UNII: M9B1R0C16H
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID1020354
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6)
Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6)
Key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYAY
SMILES: N#CNC(=N)N
isomer: N#CN=C(N)N
zwitterion: N#CNC(=[N-])[NH3+]

Item Number: C0454
Purity / Method of Analysis: >98.0%(T)
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C2H4N4 = 84.08
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
CAS No: 461-58-5
Reaxys Registry Number: 605637
PubChem Substance ID: 87565575
SDBS (AIST Spectral DB): 2049
Merck Index (14): 3092
MDL Number: MFCD00008066

Properties of 2-Dicyandiamide:
Chemical formula: C2H4N4
Molar mass: 84.08 g/mol
Appearance: White crystals
Density: 1.400 g/cm3
Melting point: 209.5 °C (409.1 °F; 482.6 K)
Boiling point: 252 °C (486 °F; 525 K)
Solubility in water: 41.3 g/l
log P: −0.52
Henry's law
constant (kH): 2.25×10−10 atm·m3/mol
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −44.55×10−6 cm3/mol

Quality Level: 200
Assay: 99%
form: powder
mp: 208-211 °C (lit.)
SMILES string: NC(=N)NC#N
InChI: 1S/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6)
InChI key: QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Appearance: White to Almost white powder to crystal
Purity(Nonaqueous Titration): min. 98.0%
Melting point: 209.0 to 213.0 °C

Molecular Weight: 84.08 g/mol
XLogP3: -1.2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 84.043596145 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 84.043596145 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 88.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 100
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2-Dicyandiamide:
Melting Point: 211 °C
Maximum Absorption Wavelength: 218 nm
Resolution in water: Slightly soluble
Degree of solubility in water: 41.3 g/l 25 °C
Solubility (soluble in): Dimethylformamide
Solubility (slightly sol. in): Ethanol
Solubility (soluble in): Benzene,Ether,Chloroform

Melting Point: 208.0°C to 211.0°C
Color: White
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Assay Percent Range: 99.5%
Packaging: Plastic bottle
Quantity: 2.5 kg
Fieser: 01,229
Merck Index: 15, 3103
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 32g/L (20°C).
Other solubilities: 38g/L in methanol (20°C)
IUPAC Name: 2-2-Dicyandiamide
Formula Weight: 84.08
Percent Purity: 99.5%
Physical Form: Crystalline Powder
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Dicyandiamide

Names of 2-Dicyandiamide:

Regulatory process names:
1-Cyanoguanidine
ACR-H 3636
Araldite HT 986
Araldite XB 2879B
Araldite XB 2979B
Bakelite VE 2560
Cyanoguanidine
Cyanoguanidine
cyanoguanidine
Dicyandiamide
Dicyandiamido
Dicyandiamin
Dicyanodiamide
dicyanodiamide
Epicure DICY 15
Epicure DICY 7
Guanidine, cyano-
Guanidine, N-cyano-
N-Cyanoguanidine
Pyroset DO
XB 2879B

IUPAC names:
1- cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanguanidin
1-Cyanoguanidine
1-cyanoguanidine
2-Cyanoguanidine
2-cyanoguanidine
CYANOGUANIDINE
Cyanoguanidine
cyanoguanidine
Cyanoguanidine
Cynoguanidine
DICANDIAMIDE
dicyandiamid
Dicyandiamid
DICYANDIAMIDE
Dicyandiamide
N-Cyanoguanidine
N-cyanoguanidine
N-methylguanidine

IUPAC name:
2-Cyanoguanidine

Trade names:
1-cyanoguanidin
DCD
Dicyandiamide
Dicyanodiamide
Didiin
DMPF

Other names:
Cyanoguanidine
dicyanodiamide
N-cyanoguanidine
1-cyanoguanidine
guanidine-1-carbonitrile
dicyandiamin
Didin
DCD
Dicy

Other identifiers:
125148-58-5
139351-77-2
139351-78-3
1437797-89-1
1446334-90-2
157480-33-6
1610803-20-7
166432-96-8
187414-06-8
200818-58-2
205265-14-1
313058-80-9
461-58-5

Synonyms of 2-Dicyandiamide:
Dicyandiamide
CYANOGUANIDINE
461-58-5
Dicyanodiamide
2-Cyanoguanidine
N-Cyanoguanidine
1-Cyanoguanidine
Guanidine, cyano-
Pyroset DO
Dicyandiamido
Dicyandiamin
Epicure DICY 7
Epicure DICY 15
Araldite HT 986
Bakelite VE 2560
Araldite XB 2879B
Araldite XB 2979B
Dicy
ACR-H 3636
XB 2879B
Dicyandiamin [German]
Guanidine-1-carbonitrile
NSC 2031
CCRIS 3478
Guanidine, N-cyano-
AI3-14632
HSDB 2126
EINECS 207-312-8
UNII-M9B1R0C16H
M9B1R0C16H
3-cyanoguanidine
DTXSID1020354
Guanidine-15N3, cyano-15N-
NSC2031
NSC-2031
EC 207-312-8
DTXCID50354
cyano-guanidin
157480-33-6
26591-10-6
CAS-461-58-5
Metformin impurity A
MFCD00008066
Cyanoguanidene
Dicyanadiamide
Dicyanediamide
cyano-guanidine
guanidine, cyano
1-cyano-guanidine
Cyanamide metabolite
Cyanoguanidine,(S)
Dicyandiamide, 99%
Dyhard 100S
Guanidina, N-ciano-
Adeka EH 3636AS
Metformin EP Impurity A
Adeka EH 3636
DICYANODIAMIDE [MI]
CYANOGUANIDINE [HSDB]
NCN=C(NH2)2
CHEMBL3183942
CHEBI:147423
Tox21_201513
Tox21_302730
BBL009709
STL141074
STL483054
AKOS000118777
AKOS005208673
CCG-214839
J3.635H
NCGC00249058-01
NCGC00256355-01
NCGC00259063-01
BP-31003
LS-73392
CS-0015691
FT-0624736
EN300-21430
D78355
Q905401
W-106101
Dicyanodiamide (210 degrees C) Melting Point Standard
F0001-1248
METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE IMPURITY A [EP IMPURITY]
Z203045078
InChI=1/C2H4N4/c3-1-6-2(4)5/h(H4,4,5,6
Cyanoguanidine, >=95.0% (HPLC), pharmaceutical impurity standard
Metformin impurity A, European Pharmacopoeia (EP) Reference Standard
504-66-5 [RN]
Cyanamide, cyano-
Cyanamide, N-cyano- [ACD/Index Name]
Cyancyanamid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Cyanocyanamide [ACD/IUPAC Name]
Cyanocyanamide [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name]
dicyanamide
Dicyanimide
207-998-9 [EINECS]
Dicyanamid
DICYANOAMINE
Ditsianamid
EINECS 207-998-9
Imidodicarbonitrile
UNII:8G893R58P1
UNII-8G893R58P1
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H15NO.


CAS Number: 100-37-8
EC Number: 202-845-2
MDL number: MFCD00002850
Molecular Formula: C6H15NO / (C2H5)2NC2H4OH



SYNONYMS:
2-Diethylaminoethanol, N,N-diethylethanolamine, 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol, Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-, DEAE, diethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethyl alcohol, N,N-diethylethanolamine, diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-hydroxytriethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol
(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine, 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol, 2-Hydroxytriethylamine, 2-N-Diethylaminoethanol, DEAE, Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, Diethylethanolamine, Diethylmonoethanolamine, Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-, N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol, N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N-Diethylethanolamine, N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine, N-Diethylaminoethanol, Pennad 150, beta-Diethylaminoethanol, beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol, beta-Hydroxytriethylamine, [ChemIDplus] UN2686, Diethylaminoethanol, 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol, N,N-Diethylethanolamine, Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-Hydroxytriethylamine,
2-diethylamino ethanol, n,n-diethylethanolamine, diethylaminoethanol, deae, diethylethanolamine, diethylamino ethanol, ethanol, 2-diethylamino, n,n-diethyl-2-aminoethanol, 2-hydroxyethyl diethylamine, diethyl 2-hydroxyethyl amine, (Diethylamino)ethanol, DEAE, Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-, β-(Diethylamino)ethanol, Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N-Diethyl-N-(β-Hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, N,N-Diethylethanolamine, N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine, Pennad 150, 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol, 2-Hydroxytriethylamine, β-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, (2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine, Diaethylaminoaethanol, Diethylethanolamine, N-(Diethylamino)ethanol, UN 2686, β-Hydroxytriethylamine, N,N-Diethylaminoethanol, Diethylmonoethanolamine, NSC 8759, A 22, Diethylaminoethanol, 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol, N,N-Diethylethanolamine, Diethyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-Hydroxytriethylamine, (2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine, 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol, 2-Hydroxytriethylamine, 2-N-Diethylaminoethanol, DEAE, Diethylamino ethanol, Diethylaminoethanol, Diethylethanolamine, Diethylmonoethanolamine, Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-, N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol, N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, N,N-Diethylethanolamine, N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine, Pennad 150, 2-(Diethylamino)ethan-1-ol, 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, Diethylaminoethanol, 2-Diethylaminoethanol, N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol, N,N-Diethylethanolamine, Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, (2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine, 2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol, 2-Hydroxytriethylamine, 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, 2-Diethylaminoethanol, DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, 100-37-8, N,N-Diethylethanolamine, Diethylethanolamine, DEAE, (Diethylamino)ethanol, Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-, N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol, (2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine, Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-(Diethylamino)Ethan-1-Ol, Diethylmonoethanolamine, 2-Hydroxytriethylamine, Pennad 150, Diaethylaminoaethanol, 2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol, N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine, N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, beta-Diethylaminoethanol, beta-Hydroxytriethylamine, 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, Diethylamino ethanol, N-Diethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylamino-ethanol, 2-N-Diethylaminoethanol, diethyl ethanolamine, DEEA, beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol, N-(Diethylamino)ethanol, N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine, NSC 8759, N,N-Diethylaminoethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-ethanol, 2-N-(Diethylamino)ethanol, .beta.-(Diethylamino)ethanol, ETHANOL,2-DIETHYLAMINO, S6DL4M053U, beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, DTXSID5021837, CHEBI:52153, .beta.-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, NSC-8759, N,N-Diethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine, DTXCID401837, CAS-100-37-8, CCRIS 4793, HSDB 329, EINECS 202-845-2, UN2686, UNII-S6DL4M053U, -diethylamino, AI3-16309, 2-Diethylamino, Diathylaminoathanol, Diethylamlnoethanol, MFCD00002850, N, N-Diethylethanolamine, beta-(Diethylamino)ethanol, N,N-diethyl ethanol amine, 2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686], .beta.-Hydroxytriethylamine, EC 202-845-2, SCHEMBL3114, 2-Diethylaminoethanol, 9CI, CHEMBL1183, 2-(diethylamino)-1-ethanol, MLS002174251, 2-(N,N-diethylamino)-ethanol, 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, 99%, DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [HSDB], N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine, NSC8759, HMS3039I08, 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, >=99%, DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE [INCI], DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [MART.], WLN: Q2N2 & 2, DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [WHO-DD], N-(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl amine, Tox21_201463, Tox21_300037, BBL012211, STL163552, 2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [MI], 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, >=99.5%, AKOS000119883, UN 2686, NCGC00090925-01, NCGC00090925-02, NCGC00090925-03, NCGC00253920-01, NCGC00259014-01, A 22, BP-20552, SMR001261425, VS-03234, DB-012722, D0465, NS00006343, 2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686], D88192, 2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, purum, >=99.0% (GC), Q209373, 2-Diethylaminoethanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, J-520312, Diethyl ethanolamine Diethylaminoethanol 2-Hydroxytriethylamine, beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, beta-Hydroxytriethylamine, DEAE, Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine, Diethylaminoethanol, Diethylethanolamine, Diethylmonoethanolamine, N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol, N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N-Diethylethanolamine, ChEBI, b-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, Β-(diethylamino)ethyl alcohol, b-Hydroxytriethylamine, Β-hydroxytriethylamine, N,N-Diethyl-N-(b-hydroxyethyl)amine, N,N-Diethyl-N-(β-hydroxyethyl)amine, 2-(N,N-Dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride, 2-(Dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride, 2-Diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride, 2-Diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride, 14C-labeled, 2-Diethylaminoethanol sulfate (2:1), 2-Diethylaminoethanol tartrate, 2-Diethylaminoethanol, sodium salt, Deanol hydrochloride, Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, hydrochloride (1:1), Ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-, hydrochloride, (2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine, (diethylamino)Ethanol, -Diethylamino, 2-(diethylamino)-Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)Ethyl alcohol, 2-(N,N-diethylamino)Ethanol, 2-Diethylamino, 2-diethylamino-Ethanol, 2-Diethylaminoethanol, 9ci, 2-Hydroxytriethylamine, 2-N-(diethylamino)Ethanol, 2-N-Diethylaminoethanol, beta-(diethylamino)Ethanol, beta-Diethylaminoethanol, beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol, Dehydasal, Diaethylaminoaethanol, diethylamino Ethanol, ETHANOL,2-diethylamino, N, N-Diethylethanolamine, N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine, N,N-Diethylaminoethanol, N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine, N-(diethylamino)Ethanol, N-Diethylaminoethanol, Pennad 150, Perdilaton,



2-Diethylaminoethanol is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H15NO.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.


2-Diethylaminoethanol is the organic compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH.
2-Diethylaminoethanol reacts with 4-aminobenzoic acid to make procaine.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a precursor for DEAE-cellulose resin, which is commonly used in ion exchange chromatography.


2-Diethylaminoethanol can decrease the surface tension of water when the temperature is increased.
Solutions of 2-Diethylaminoethanol absorb carbon dioxide (CO2).
2-Diethylaminoethanol appears as a colorless liquid.


Flash point of 2-Diethylaminoethanol is 103-140 °F.
2-Diethylaminoethanolis less dense than water.
Vapors of 2-Diethylaminoethanol is heavier than air.


2-Diethylaminoethanol is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is functionally related to an ethanolamine.


2-Diethylaminoethanol derives from a hydride of a triethylamine.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a clear liquid.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a neutralizing amine for boiler water, coatings, etc.


The ideal vapor pressure and vapor-liquid distribution properties of 2-Diethylaminoethanol make it the best choice for pH adjustment of process water.
2-Diethylaminoethanol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,2-aminoalcohols.
These are organic compounds containing an alkyl chain with an amine group bound to the C1 atom and an alcohol group bound to the C2 atom.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on 2-Diethylaminoethanol.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
Release to the environment of 2-Diethylaminoethanol can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.


Other release to the environment of 2-Diethylaminoethanol is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


2-Diethylaminoethanol can be found in products with material based on: stone, plaster, cement, glass or ceramic (e.g. dishes, pots/pans, food storage containers, construction and isolation material), paper used for packaging (excluding food packaging) and plastic used for packaging (excluding food packaging).


2-Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following products: lubricants and greases, metal working fluids, coating products, hydraulic fluids and laboratory chemicals.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following areas: building & construction work.


2-Diethylaminoethanol is used for the manufacture of: fabricated metal products and .
Other release to the environment of 2-Diethylaminoethanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), outdoor use, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


2-Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following products: coating products, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
Release to the environment of 2-Diethylaminoethanol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following products: coating products, pH regulators and water treatment products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases, metal working fluids and adhesives and sealants.


2-Diethylaminoethanol is used in the following areas: mining.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used for the manufacture of: , chemicals and wood and wood products.
Release to the environment of 2-Diethylaminoethanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, in the production of articles and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of 2-Diethylaminoethanol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a precursor chemical to procaine.


In condensate and steam lines, 2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor because it neutralizes carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
Beyond its application in the water treatment segment, 2-Diethylaminoethanol is also used as a neutralizing amine for indrustrial coatings and an intermediate for various surfactants.


2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as an isocyanate curing agent.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a chemical intermediate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, flocculants, emulsifiers, surface coatings, and other organic chemicals (in the chemical, agricultural, plastics, paper, and leather industries)


2-Diethylaminoethanol can be used as a precursor chemical to procaine.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used for the synthesis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry.


2-Diethylaminoethanol is also used as a pH stabilizer.
2-Diethylaminoethanol can be used as a precursor chemical to procaine.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.


2-Diethylaminoethanol is used for the synthesis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is also used as a pH stabilizer.


A colorless liquid, 2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.



SOLUBILITY OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
2-Diethylaminoethanol is miscible in water.



NOTES OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
Store 2-Diethylaminoethanol in cool place.
Keep 2-Diethylaminoethanol container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Keep 2-Diethylaminoethanol away from strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, Copper, Zinc, Iron.
Do not 2-Diethylaminoethanol store near acids.



PREPARATION OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
2-Diethylaminoethanol is prepared commercially by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene oxide.
(C2H5)2NH + cyclo(CH2CH2)O → (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH
2-Diethylaminoethanol is also possible to prepare it by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene chlorohydrin.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
*Trialkylamines
*Primary alcohols
*Organopnictogen compounds
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
*Tertiary aliphatic amine
*Tertiary amine
*1,2-aminoalcohol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organopnictogen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
CAS Number: 100-37-8
Molecular Weight: 117.19
Beilstein: 741863
EC Number: 202-845-2
MDL number: MFCD00002850
Chemical formula: C6H15NO
Molar mass: 117.192 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Ammoniacal
Density: 884 mg mL−1
Melting point: −70 °C; −94 °F; 203 K
Boiling point: 161.1 °C; 321.9 °F; 434.2 K
Solubility in water: Miscible
log P: 0.769

Vapor pressure: 100 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.441–1.442
Molecular Weight: 117.19 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 0.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 117.115364102 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 117.115364102 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 23.5 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 43.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
InChI: InChI=1/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H
CAS Number: 100-37-8
EC Index Number: 603-048-00-6
EC Number: 202-845-2
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₅NO
Chemical Formula: (C₂H₅)₂NCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 117.19 g/mol
HS Code: 2922 19 52
Boiling Point: 163 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.88 g/cm³ (20 °C)
Explosion Limit: 0.7% (V)

Flash Point: 50 °C
Ignition Temperature: 270 °C
Melting Point: -68 °C
pH Value: 11.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor Pressure: 1 hPa (20 °C)
Physical State: Clear, liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: Ammoniacal
Melting Point/Freezing Point: -68 °C
Initial Boiling Point and Boiling Range: 161 °C (lit.)
Flammability (Solid, Gas): No data available
Upper/Lower Flammability or Explosive Limits:
Upper Explosion Limit: 11.7% (V),
Lower Explosion Limit: 1.4% (V)
Flash Point: 50 °C - closed cup

Autoignition Temperature: 320 °C at 1.013 hPa
Decomposition Temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: No data available,
Dynamic viscosity: 4.022 mPa.s at 25 °C
Water Solubility: Completely miscible
Partition Coefficient (n-octanol/water): Pow: 0.21 at 23 °C
Vapor Pressure: 1 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0.884 g/cm³ at 25 °C (lit.)
Relative Vapor Density: No data available
Particle Characteristics: No data available
Explosive Properties: No data available
Oxidizing Properties: No data available
Other Safety Information: Relative vapor density: 4.05 (Air = 1.0)



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Body Protection:
Impervious clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available


2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
DESCRIPTION:
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL (DEEA) is a tertiary alkanolamine multi-component aqueous solvent.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL has a high chemical stability and resistance against degradation.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used to prepare quaternary ammonium salts.
These salts are widely used as phase transfer catalysts to promote reactions between immiscible phases.

CAS Number: 100-37-8
EC Number: 202-845-2
Linear Formula:(C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH



SYNONYM(S) OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
N,N-Diethylethanolamine, DEAE, DEEA 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,Diethylaminoethanol,2-Diethylaminoethanol,N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol,N,N-Diethylethanolamine,Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,2-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol,2-Hydroxytriethylamine,2-Diethylaminoethanol,2-HYDROXYTRIETHYLAMINE,BETA-DIETHYLAMINOETHYL ALCOHOL,DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLAMINO-2 ETHANOL,Diethylaminoethanol,DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE,DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE (DEEA),2-Diethylaminoethanol,Diethylaminoethanol,N,N-DIETHYL-2-AMINOETHANOL,N,N-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,N,N-DIETHYLETHANOLAMINE,2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,2-(dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride,2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol hydrochloride,2-diethylaminoethanol,2-diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride,2-diethylaminoethanol hydrochloride, 14C-labeled,2-diethylaminoethanol sulfate (2:1),2-diethylaminoethanol tartrate,2-diethylaminoethanol, sodium salt,DEAE,deanol hydrochloride,diethylaminoethanol,diethylethanolamine,ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-, hydrochloride (1:1),ethanol, 2-dimethylamino-, hydrochloride,N,N-diethylethanolamine,2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,2-Diethylaminoethanol,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,100-37-8,N,N-Diethylethanolamine,Diethylethanolamine,DEAE,(Diethylamino)ethanol,Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-,N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol,(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine,2-(Diethylamino)Ethan-1-Ol,Diethylmonoethanolamine,2-Hydroxytriethylamine,Pennad 150,Diaethylaminoaethanol,2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine,N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine,beta-Diethylaminoethanol,beta-Hydroxytriethylamine,2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol,Diethylamino ethanol,N-Diethylaminoethanol,2-N-Diethylaminoethanol,diethyl ethanolamine,DEEA,beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol,2-diethylamino-ethanol,N-(Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine,NSC 8759,N,N-Diethylaminoethanol,2-(diethylamino)-ethanol,2-N-(Diethylamino)ethanol,.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethanol,ETHANOL,2-DIETHYLAMINO,S6DL4M053U,beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol,DTXSID5021837,CHEBI:52153,.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol
NSC-8759,N,N-Diethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine,DTXCID401837,ethane, 1-diethylamino-2-hydroxy-,CAS-100-37-8,Diaethylaminoaethanol [German],CCRIS 4793,HSDB 329,EINECS 202-845-2,UN2686,UNII-S6DL4M053U,-diethylamino,AI3-16309,2-Diethylamino,Diathylaminoathanol,Diethylamlnoethanol,MFCD00002850,N, N-Diethylethanolamine,beta-(Diethylamino)ethanol,N,N-diethyl ethanol amine,2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686] [Corrosive],.beta.-Hydroxytriethylamine,EC 202-845-2,SCHEMBL3114,2-Diethylaminoethanol, 9CI,CHEMBL1183,Diaethylaminoaethanol(german),2-(diethylamino)-1-ethanol,MLS002174251,2-(N,N-diethylamino)-ethanol,2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, 99%,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [HSDB],N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine,NSC8759,HMS3039I08,2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, >=99%,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [MART.],WLN: Q2N2 & 2,DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [WHO-DD],N-(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl amine,Tox21_201463,Tox21_300037,BBL012211,STL163552,2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [MI],2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, >=99.5%,AKOS000119883,UN 2686,NCGC00090925-01,NCGC00090925-02,NCGC00090925-03,NCGC00253920-01,NCGC00259014-01,A 22,BP-20552,SMR001261425,VS-03234,DB-012722,D0465,NS00006343,2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686] [Corrosive],D88192,2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL, purum, >=99.0% (GC),Q209373,2-Diethylaminoethanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile,J-520312,Diethyl ethanolamine Diethylaminoethanol 2-Hydroxytriethylamine,InChI=1/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H


2-diethylaminoethanol appears as a colorless liquid.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL has Flash point 103-140 °F.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is Less dense than water.

Vapors of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is heavier than air.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.

2-diethylaminoethanol is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is functionally related to an ethanolamine.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL derives from a hydride of a triethylamine.


Diethylethanolamine (DEAE) is the organic compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH.
A colorless liquid, is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine.


APPLICATIONS OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL (DEEA) can be used as a co-solvent with methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and sulfolane to investigate the CO2 absorption and desorption behavior in aqueous solutions.
Additionally, DEAE is used to prepare N-substituted glycine derivatives and these compounds are used in the synthesis of peptides and proteins.

2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL reacts with 4-aminobenzoic acid to make procaine.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is a precursor for DEAE-cellulose resin, which is commonly used in ion exchange chromatography.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL can decrease the surface tension of water when the temperature is increased.[3]
Solutions of 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL absorb carbon dioxide (CO2).

2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL can be used as a precursor chemical to procaine.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is used for the synthesis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is also used as a pH stabilizer.



USE AND EMISSION SOURCES 1 2 3 4:
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of emulsifying agents, specialty soaps and other chemicals for applications in:
Pharmaceutical industry
pesticides
the paper
leather products
plastics
anti-rust products
the paintings
the textile
cosmetics
surface coatings...


PREPARATION OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is prepared commercially by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene oxide.[4]
(C2H5)2NH + cyclo(CH2CH2)O → (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL is also possible to prepare it by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene chlorohydrin.[5


CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL:
vapor density
4.04 (vs air)
Quality Level
100
vapor pressure
1 mmHg ( 20 °C)
Assay
≥99.5%
expl. lim.
11.7 %
refractive index
n20/D 1.441 (lit.)
bp
161 °C (lit.)
density
0.884 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
SMILES string
CCN(CC)CCO
InChI
1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI key
BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Molecular Weight:
117.19
Beilstein:
741863
Chemical formula C6H15NO
Molar mass 117.192 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor Ammoniacal
Density 884 mg mL−1
Melting point −70 °C; −94 °F; 203 K[1]
Boiling point 161.1 °C; 321.9 °F; 434.2 K
Solubility in water miscible[1]
log P 0.769
Vapor pressure 100 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD) 1.441–1.442
CAS number 100-37-8
CE index number 603-048-00-6
CE number 202-845-2
Hill formula C₆H₁₅NO
Chemical formula (C₂H₅)₂NCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass 117.19 g/mol
Code SH 2922 19 52
Boiling point 163 °C (1013 hPa)
Density 0.88 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit 0.7%(V)
Flash point 50 °C
Ignition temperature 270 °C
Fusion point -68 °C
pH value 11.5 (100 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure 1 hPa (20 °C)
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 99.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 0.883 - 0.885
Water (K. F.) ≤ 0.30 %
Identity (IR) passes test
Molecular Weight
117.19 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3-AA
0.3
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
2
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
117.115364102 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
117.115364102 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
23.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
8
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
43.8
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
vapor pressure
1.9 hPa ( 20 °C)
Quality Level
200
Assay
≥99.0% (GC)
form
liquid
autoignition temp.
270 °C
potency
1300 mg/kg LD50, oral (Rat)
1109 mg/kg LD50, skin (Rabbit)

expl. lim.
0.7 % (v/v)
pH
11.5 (20 °C, 100 g/L in H2O)
bp
163 °C/1013 hPa
mp
-68 °C
transition temp
flash point 51 °C
density
0.88 g/cm3 at 20 °C
storage temp.
2-30°C
InChI
1S/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H3
InChI key
BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Storage Temperature
RT
European Com.#
202-845-2
Hazmat Ship
Check subsku for hazmat
Purity
>99%
Appearance color
Clear, colorless
Appearance form
Liquid
Molecular Formula
C6H15NO
Molecular Weight
117.19
Density
0.884 g/mL at 25°C
Melting point
-70°C
Boiling point
161°C
Solubility (@ RT)
Solubility in water: Soluble
Solubility in other solvents: Soluble in alcohol, ether and benzene
Melting Point -70°C
Density 0.883
pH 11.5
Boiling Point 161°C to 163°C
Flash Point 52°C (125°F)
Odor Amine-like
Linear Formula (CH3CH2)2NCH2CH2OH
Refractive Index 1.4415
Quantity 1000 mL
UN Number UN2686
Beilstein 741863
Sensitivity Air and light sensitive; Hygroscopic
Merck Index 14,3112
Solubility Information It is miscible in water.
Molecular Weight (g/mol) 117.192
Formula Weight 117.19
Percent Purity 99%
Chemical Name or Material 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.
2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a member of the class of ethanolamines that is aminoethanol in which the hydrogens of the amino group are replaced by ethyl groups.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a member of ethanolamines, a tertiary amino compound and a primary alcohol.
2-Diethylaminoethanol derives from an ethanolamine.

CAS: 100-37-8
MF: C6H15NO
MW: 117.19
EINECS: 202-845-2

Synonyms
β-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol;2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL,REAGENT;Dietyleneglycol;1,2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL;2-DIETHYLAMINOETHANE;Diethylethanolamin;2-(DIETHYLAMINO)-ETHANOL 99+%;2-diethylaminoethanol N,N-diethylethanolamine;2-(Diethylamino)ethanol;2-Diethylaminoethanol;DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL;100-37-;N,N-Diethylethanolamine;Diethylethanolamine;DEAE;(Diethylamino)ethanol;Ethanol, 2-(diethylamino)-;N,N-Diethyl-2-aminoethanol;(2-Hydroxyethyl)diethylamine;Diethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)amine;Diethylmonoethanolamine;2-Hydroxytriethylamine;Pennad 150;Diaethylaminoaethanol;2-(Diethylamino)Ethan-1-Ol;2-(N,N-Diethylamino)ethanol;N,N-Diethylmonoethanolamine;N,N-Diethyl-2-hydroxyethylamine;beta-Diethylaminoethanol;beta-Hydroxytriethylamine;2-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol;Diethylamino ethanol;N-Diethylaminoethanol;2-diethylamino-ethanol;2-N-Diethylaminoethanol;diethyl ethanolamine;DEEA;beta-Diethylaminoethyl alcohol;N-(Diethylamino)ethanol;N,N-Diethyl-N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)amine;NSC 8759;N,N-Diethylaminoethanol;2-(diethylamino)-ethanol;2-N-(Diethylamino)ethanol;.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethanol;ETHANOL,2-DIETHYLAMINO;S6DL4M053U;beta-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol;DTXSID5021837;CHEBI:52153;.beta.-(Diethylamino)ethyl alcohol;NSC-8759;N,N-Diethyl-N-(.beta.-hydroxyethyl)amine;DTXCID401837;CAS-100-37-8;Diaethylaminoaethanol [German];CCRIS 4793;HSDB 329;EINECS 202-845-2;UN2686;UNII-S6DL4M053U;-diethylamino;AI3-16309;2-Diethylamino;Diathylaminoathanol;Diethylamlnoethanol;MFCD00002850;N, N-Diethylethanolamine;beta-(Diethylamino)ethanol;N,N-diethyl ethanol amine;2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686] [Corrosive]
;.beta.-Hydroxytriethylamine;EC 202-845-2;SCHEMBL3114;2-Diethylaminoethanol, 9CI;CHEMBL1183
;Diaethylaminoaethanol(german);2-(diethylamino)-1-ethanol;MLS002174251;2-(N,N-diethylamino)-ethanol;2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, 99%;DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [HSDB];N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)diethylamine;NSC8759;HMS3039I08;2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, >=99%;DIETHYL ETHANOLAMINE [INCI];DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [MART.];WLN: Q2N2 & 2;DIETHYLAMINOETHANOL [WHO-DD];N-(hydroxyethyl)-N,N-diethyl amine;Tox21_201463;Tox21_300037;2-(DIETHYLAMINO)ETHANOL [MI];2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, >=99.5%;AKOS000119883;UN 2686;NCGC00090925-01;NCGC00090925-02;NCGC00090925-03;NCGC00253920-01;NCGC00259014-01;A 22;BP-20552;SMR001261425;VS-03234;D0465;2-Diethylaminoethanol [UN2686] [Corrosive];D88192;2-(Diethylamino)ethanol, purum, >=99.0% (GC);Q209373;2-Diethylaminoethanol 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;J-520312;Diethyl ethanolamine Diethylaminoethanol 2-Hydroxytriethylamine;InChI=1/C6H15NO/c1-3-7(4-2)5-6-8/h8H,3-6H2,1-2H

2-Diethylaminoethanol derives from a hydride of a triethylamine.
A colorless liquid.
Flash point 103-140°F.
Less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion.
Causes burns to the skin, eyes and mucous membranes.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is the organic compound with the molecular formula (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH.
A colorless liquid, is used as a precursor in the production of a variety of chemical commodities such as the local anesthetic procaine.

2-Diethylaminoethanol Chemical Properties
Melting point: -70 °C
Boiling point: 161 °C (lit.)
Density: 0.884 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.04 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.441(lit.)
Fp: 120 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: soluble
Form: Crystalline Powder
pka: 14.74±0.10(Predicted)
Color: White to pale yellow
PH Range: 10
Odor: Characteristic ammoniacal odor
PH: 11.5 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Explosive limit: 0.7%(V)
Water Solubility: soluble
Freezing Point: -70℃
Merck: 14,3112
BRN: 741863
Exposure limits NIOSH REL: TWA 10 ppm (50 mg/m3), IDLH 100 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 10 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 2 ppm (adopted).
Stability: Stable. Flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, acids.
Moisture sensitive. Hygroscopic.
InChIKey: BFSVOASYOCHEOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.21 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 100-37-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Diethylaminoethanol (100-37-8)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Diethylaminoethanol (100-37-8)

Colorless liquid with a nauseating, weak, ammonia odor; hygroscopic; very soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether acetone, benzene, and petroleum ether.
Colorless, hygroscopic liquid with a nauseating, ammonia-like odor.
Experimentally determined detection and recognition odor threshold concentrations were 50 μg/m3 (11 ppbv) and 190 μg/m3 (40 ppbv), respectively.

Uses
Water-soluble salts; textile softeners; antirust formulations; fatty acid derivatives; pharmaceuticals; curing agent for resins; emulsifying agents in acid media; organic synthesis.
Diethylethanolamine can be used as a precursor chemical to procaine.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used for the synthesis of drugs in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst for the synthesis of polymers in the chemical industry.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is also used as a pH stabilizer.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-Diethylaminoethanolt use as a chemical intermediate for production of emulsifiers, detergents, and solubilizers.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is also an intermediate for manufacturing cosmetics; textile finishing agents, fabric softeners, and dyes; drugs and pharmaceuticals, and fatty acid.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is also used in antirust compositions, and acts as a curing agent for resins.

2-Diethylaminoethanol is used as a corrosion inhibitor in steam and condensate lines by neutralizing carbonic acid and scavenging oxygen.
2-Diethylaminoethanol reacts with 4-aminobenzoic acid to make procaine.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a precursor for DEAE-cellulose resin, which is commonly used in ion exchange chromatography.
2-Diethylaminoethanol can decrease the surface tension of water when the temperature is increased.
Solutions of DEAE absorb carbon dioxide (CO2).

Industrial uses
2-Diethylaminoethanol is used in the pharmaceutical industry for the manufacture of the local anesthetics procaine and chloroquine; and in the chemical industry for the manufacture of water-soluble salts, fatty-acid derivatives, derivatives containing tertiary amine groups, emulsifiers, special soaps, cosmetics and textiles and fibers.
2-Diethylaminoethanol also is used in chromatography in chemistry and biochemistry laboratories (DEAE is useful as an ion-exchange matrix; DEAE-cellulose columns are used for purification of proteins and DNA, and DEAE-silica for phospholipid separations).
In other industries 2-Diethylaminoethanol is used in some antirust compositions and in textile softeners.
2-Diethylaminoethanol is also used widely as a steam additive in large buildings requiring humidifiers.

Production Methods
2-Diethylaminoethanol is a tertiary amine produced by reaction of ethylene oxide or ethylene chlorhydrin and diethylamine.
Itokazu (1987) has modified this process for manufacture of 2-Diethylaminoethanol without eventual discoloration.
Production in this country exceeds 2866 pounds per year.

Preparation
2-Diethylaminoethanol is prepared commercially by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene oxide.
(C2H5)2NH + cyclo(CH2CH2)O → (C2H5)2NCH2CH2OH
2-Diethylaminoethanol is also possible to prepare it by the reaction of diethylamine and ethylene chlorohydrin.

Reactivity Profile
2-Diethylaminoethanol is an aminoalcohol.
Amines are chemical bases.
They neutralize acids to form salts plus water.
These acid-base reactions are exothermic.
The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base.
Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides.
Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.
2-Diethylaminoethanol can react with strong oxidizers and acids.
2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid will burn though 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may take some effort to ignite.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is slightly soluble in water.

CAS Number: 149-57-5
Molecular Formula: C8H16O2
Molecular Weight: 144.21
EINECS Number: 205-743-6

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, 149-57-5, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-hexoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, alpha-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-, alpha-ethyl caproic acid, .alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 61788-37-2, 01MU2J7VVZ, 2-EHA, 2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID, AR, DTXSID9025293, CHEBI:89058, NSC-8881, MFCD00002675, 2-ethylhexanoicacid, 2-Ethylhexansaeure, DTXCID805293, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, >=99%, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, analytical standard, CAS-149-57-5, 2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID, CCRIS 3348, HSDB 5649, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova [Czech], NSC 8881, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, EINECS 205-743-6, (+/-)-2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, UNII-01MU2J7VVZ, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova [Czech], BRN 1750468, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, AI3-01371, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-, EINECS 262-971-9, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, 2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid, alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid, .alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid, EC 205-743-6, SCHEMBL25800, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, 99%, MLS002415695, CHEMBL1162485, WLN: QVY4 & 2, NSC8881, HMS2267F21, STR05759, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid [HSDB], Tox21_201406, Tox21_300108, LMFA01020087, AKOS009031416, AT29893, CS-W016381, SB44987, SB44994, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester, NCGC00091324-01, NCGC00091324-02, NCGC00091324-03, NCGC00253985-01, NCGC00258957-01, SMR001252268, E0120, FT-0612273, FT-0654390, EN300-20410, Q209384, W-109079, F0001-0703, Z104478072, 18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless viscous oil.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is supplied as a racemic mixture.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.
They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents."

They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.
These metal complexes are often described as salts.
They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes.

Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless to light yellow, liquid organic compound.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely used in the preparation of metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

The highly toxic, combustible carboxylic acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless, transparent liquid with a faint odor.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is slightly soluble in water.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be industrially produced from propylene which can be renewably produced.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, also known as 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid or 2-EHA, is a carboxylic acid with the molecular formula C8H16O2.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a branched-chain, eight-carbon organic acid with a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end.

The chemical structure of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is derived from hexanoic acid by adding an ethyl group (C2H5) to the second carbon atom of the chain.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid (EHXA, 2-EHA) is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, also called 2-EHA, is a commonly used organic compound, mainly to make lipophilic metal by-products that can dissolve in nonionic organic solvents.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula C8H16O2 with a generally high boiling point and mild odor.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a viscous and colorless oil with one carboxylic class found on a C8 carbon chain and is immiscible in water.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be used as a substitute for naphthenic acid in some applications.
Industrially, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is manufactured using propylene, often generated from fossil fuels and other sources which are renewable.
In other words, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be more effectively manufactured than naphthenic acid.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid produces metallic compounds that undergo stoichiometry in the form of metal acetates.
In most cases, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid derivatives are used in industrial and organic chemical applications.
The ethyl hexanoate complexes also serve as catalysts in oxidation reactions and polymerizations (as oil drying agents).

As a versatile chemical intermediate, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid has multiple applications, including the following.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless viscous oil.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is supplied as a racemic mixture.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless, high boiling liquid having a mild odor.

The metallic salts of Eastman™ 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid are used as driers for odorless paints, inks, varnishes, and enamels.
Cobalt and manganese are the most important driers.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, also known as 2-ethylhexanoate or alpha-ethylcaproic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.

These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a potentially toxic compound.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
These lipophilic metal-containing derivatives are used as catalysts in polymerizations.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is colourless viscous oil.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is supplied as a racemic mixture.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
These lipophilic metal-containing derivatives are used as catalysts in polymerizations.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, also known as 2-EHA or 2-Ethylcaproic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula C8H16O2.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely used in various industries, including the production of plasticizers, lubricants, and coatings.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.

Further, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.
In addition to this, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid has various industrial applications, such as:coolant in automotivessynthetic lubricantwetting agent co-solventdrying of paintsdefoaming agent in pesticides
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, also known as 2-ethylhexanoate or sinesto b, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.

These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, also known as 2-ethylhexanoate or a-ethyl caproate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.

These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a potentially toxic compound.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid (2-EHA) is one of the flagship products within Perstorp Group which has the largest production capacity in the world.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless liquid with one carboxylic group based on a C8 carbon chain.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely used in esters for PVB film plasticizers and synthetic lubricants, in production of metal soaps for paint driers, in automotive coolants and PVC stabilizers.

Other application areas include wood preservatives, catalyst for polyurethane and in pharmaceuticals.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid (EHXA, 2-EHA) is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.
They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a carboxylic acid primarily used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be used as an intermediate for paint and coating driers, as an alkyd resin modifier, as a catalyst for the production of peroxides and as a stabilizer for lubricating oil esters and PVC, etc., and has a wide range of market applications.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a chiral compound that is synthesized by the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-2-hydroxyacetic acid.
The enantiomers of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid are separated by an injection column, which can be used to determine the enantiomeric purity of racemic mixtures.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also a natural substrate for human enzymes and has been shown to have stereoselective activity in assays.

Enzymes that metabolize 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid include carboxylic acid synthase, which converts it into crotonic acid, and acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, which converts it into 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.
The stereoselectivity of these enzymes has been investigated using crystallographic techniques.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also a regioselective inhibitor of branched-chain amino acid aminot

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
This carboxylic acid is widely used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a synthetic mixture of isomers of tertiary carboxylic acids with ten carbon atoms.

It can be used to replace 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid and most of its salts, which have been reclassified as Reprotoxic Category 1B by the Risk Assessment Committee of ECHA, taking effect November 2023.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, also known as 2-EH Acid, is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid substance with a mildly sweet odor.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is slightly soluble in water and it is flammable, though will not self-ignite.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is considered corrosive to most metals.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is most commonly used in the paint and coatings industry as well as in the manufacturing of various plasticizers.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely used in the production of paint dryers and plasticizers.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is most often used in esters for PVB film plasticizers and in synthetic lubricants.
Other common applications are in automobile coolants as a corrosion inhibitor, in PVC stabilizers and in the production of metal soaps for paint driers.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also a common catalyst in pharmaceuticals and for polyurethane.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is often found as an ingredient in wood preservatives.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is often used as a chemical intermediate in the production of various chemicals and materials.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid has applications in the synthesis of esters, plasticizers, and metal derivatives.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is commonly employed as a raw material in the production of metal carboxylates, which are used as catalysts in various chemical processes.
Additionally, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is utilized as a component in the formulation of certain coatings, adhesives, and sealants.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is unique properties make it suitable for use in these applications, contributing to properties such as adhesion and flexibility.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be synthesized through various methods, including the oxidation of 2-ethylhexanol or the esterification of 2-ethylhexanol with acetic acid, followed by hydrolysis.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is commonly used in the production of plasticizers, which are additives that improve the flexibility and durability of plastics.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid serves as a precursor in the preparation of metal carboxylates, which are used as catalysts in reactions such as the production of polyurethanes.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is utilized in the formulation of coatings, resins, and inks, contributing to the performance and application properties of these materials.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid acts as a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a valuable industrial chemical with applications in diverse fields such as the production of adhesives, sealants, lubricants, and certain pharmaceuticals.

Like any chemical, proper safety precautions should be taken when handling 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is important to follow recommended safety guidelines, use appropriate personal protective equipment, and store the compound in accordance with safety regulations.

Melting point: -59 °C
Boiling point: 228 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.906
vapor density: 4.98 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.425(lit.)
Flash point: 230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 1.4g/l
form: Liquid
pka: pK1:4.895 (25°C)
color: Clear
PH: 3 (1.4g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Mild odour
PH Range: 3 at 1.4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity: 7.73 cps
explosive limit: 1.04%, 135°F
Water Solubility: 2 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1750468
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.7 at 25℃

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is known for forming stable metal complexes.
Metal salts and complexes of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid find applications in various industries, such as in the production of heat stabilizers for PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used in the production of polymeric materials.

For instance, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be involved in the synthesis of polymers through processes like polycondensation reactions.
Certain metal carboxylates derived from 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can act as catalysts in various chemical reactions, including esterification and transesterification reactions.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is sometimes used as an additive in lubricants to enhance their performance.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can contribute to improving the lubricating properties and thermal stability of oils.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid has a characteristic, somewhat unpleasant odor.
This property can be relevant in applications where odor may be a consideration, such as in the formulation of consumer products.

As with any chemical, regulatory standards and guidelines may apply to the production, handling, and use of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid.
Users should be aware of and adhere to relevant safety and environmental regulations.
Ongoing research explores new applications and processes involving 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid.

Researchers may investigate 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is properties for potential advancements in materials science, catalysis, or other fields.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, Europe is a colorless, high boiling liquid having a mild odor.
The metallic salts of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid are used as driers for odorless paints, inks, varnishes, and enamels. Cobalt and manganese are the most important driers.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a clear liquid with a mild odour. An organic compound, this chemical is an aliphatic carboxylic acid with uses in both industrial and consumer products.
In consumer products, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is found in de-icers, car care products, paints, greases and lubricants to name a few.
Industrially, this chemical has applications in stabilisers, preservatives, coolants, wetting agents, pesticides and lubricants.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a chemical intermediate used as a compound for example in the production of synthetic lubricants as well oil additives.
BASF operates a 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid production plant at its Verbund site in Ludwigshafen, Germany.
The first of its kind in the ASEAN region and is expected to be commissioned in Q4 2016, with a total annual capacity of 30,000 metric tons.

The term “backward integration” explains the benefits of BASF’s Verbund concept.
By linking one plant with another, products and by-products from one plant could serve as a precursor in other plants.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a carboxylic acid.

Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.
Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.

Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.
Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.

Many insoluble 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.

Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.

Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.

Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Like other organic compounds, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat. A wide variety of products is possible.

Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can undergo various chemical reactions to form derivatives.
For example, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be esterified to produce esters that are used as plasticizers in the manufacturing of flexible plastics.

When used in the synthesis of polymers, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can influence the properties of the resulting materials.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is incorporation can affect factors such as flexibility, adhesion, and thermal stability in the final product.
Due to its ability to enhance adhesion properties, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is sometimes incorporated into adhesive formulations.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid contributes to the adhesive's ability to bond to various surfaces.
Analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), are often employed to identify and quantify 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid in different samples.
While 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is not known for extreme toxicity, appropriate precautions should be taken when handling it.

As with any chemical, its impact on biological systems and the environment should be considered in industrial applications.
The production and market demand for 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can vary across regions and industries.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is produced on a commercial scale and is an important chemical in the manufacturing sector.

Ongoing research may focus on optimizing the synthesis of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, exploring new applications, or developing more environmentally friendly production methods.
The chemical compatibility of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid with other compounds is an important consideration in various applications, such as in the formulation of complex mixtures like coatings, inks, and adhesives.

Uses:
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
For example, tin 2-ethylhexanoate is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.
Further, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.
In addition to this, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.

As a reactant in esterification , decarboxylative alkynylation , and preparation of alkyl coumarins via decarboxylative coupling reactions.
In the organocatalytic medium for the preparation of various 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid by Biginelli reaction.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acids of light metals are used to convert some mineral oils to greases.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is esters are used as plasticizers.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used to produce corrosion inhibitors for lubricants and automotive coolants.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid also serves as wood preservatives and makes lubricant additives as well as synthetic lubricants.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also used in the production of PVC heat stabilizers, PVB film plasticizers, metal soaps for paint driers, and other chemicals.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is commonly used in esters in Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film plasticizers and as a raw material for polyesters applied in synthetic oils.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid’s metal salts are used to prepare synthetic lubricant additives used in various industrial lubricant applications.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely used in coating applications to enhance performance and resistance.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid produces alkyd resins that help improve yellowing resistance better than ordinary fatty acids.
This monomer is ideal for stoving enamels and 2-component coatings.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can also be used in other applications, including the catalyst for polyurethane, wood preservatives, and pharmaceuticals.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is sometimes used in the formulation of inks, particularly in the production of printing inks.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is properties contribute to the ink's adhesion and printability on various surfaces.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be involved in the production of certain detergents, where its surfactant properties may be advantageous in enhancing cleaning performance.
In the textile industry, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may be used as an auxiliary agent in processes like dyeing or finishing to achieve specific textile properties.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is utilized as a flotation agent in mineral processing, helping to separate minerals from ores during the flotation process.

Some derivatives of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may find applications in the formulation of herbicides and pesticides in agriculture.
In the construction industry, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may be used in the formulation of certain construction materials, including sealants and caulks.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be found in certain cleaning products, contributing to their formulation for effective removal of dirt, grease, or other contaminants.

Certain food-grade derivatives of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may be used in the production of food contact materials, such as coatings for packaging materials.
In the cosmetic industry, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid or its derivatives may be used in the formulation of cosmetic and personal care products such as lotions, creams, and hair care products.
In the production of solar panels, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be used in certain processes related to the fabrication of photovoltaic cells.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may find application in the oil and gas industry as a component in certain oilfield chemicals used for drilling, production, or enhanced oil recovery processes.
In biomedical research, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid or its derivatives may be explored for potential applications, such as in drug delivery systems or biomaterials.
The chemicals in 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid are reported to have cosmetic use to produce emollients and skin conditioners.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is widely used in hair care products, hand creams, face creams, body lotions, and make-up products like foundation, concealer, and hair care products.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also used in manufacturing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilizers and Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) plasticizers in the form of metal salts.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid reacts with metallic components like manganese and cobalt to produce metallic salt derivatives.

Bisley International has been the leading chemical raw material supplier in the United States and worldwide for over half a century.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid contains metal salts that serve as corrosion inhibitors in coolants.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also used to make polyol ester which acts as a lubricant for refrigerant appliances.

In the rubber industry, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is sometimes used as a vulcanization aid.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can contribute to the cross-linking of rubber polymers, enhancing the strength and elasticity of rubber products.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is employed as an additive in certain paint formulations to improve characteristics such as flow properties, drying time, and adhesion to surfaces.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used as an additive in fuel formulations to improve combustion properties and reduce engine deposits.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid finds application in the textile industry, where it may be used in the processing of fibers and fabrics, contributing to certain desirable properties.
Due to its lubricating properties, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be incorporated into metalworking fluids to enhance their performance in cutting, grinding, and machining operations.

In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can serve as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be involved in the production of surfactants, which are compounds that lower the surface tension between two phases (such as between a liquid and a solid).
In laboratories, researchers may use 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid as a building block in the development of new materials, catalysts, or processes.

Some derivatives of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may find application in the flavor and fragrance industry.
In electroplating processes, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be used in the formulation of certain electrolyte solutions.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be used: As a reactant in esterification , decarboxylative alkynylation , and preparation of alkyl coumarins via decarboxylative coupling reactions.

In the organocatalytic medium for the preparation of various 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones by Biginelli reaction.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is a versatile carboxylic acid that is commonly used in a variety of industrial applications.
When reacted with certain metals, it forms salts that are widely used as additives in paint and plasticizer formulations, as well as in the production of paint and lacquer dryers and PVC stabilizers.

The esters of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, particularly those obtained by glycols, tri glycols, and polyethylene glycols, are known for their lubricant properties.
They are excellent plasticizers for PVC, nitrocellulose, chlorinated rubber, and polypropylene.
These properties make 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid a popular choice in producing various chemicals and materials in the industry.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
For example, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.
Further, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.
In addition to this, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used as a chemical intermediate and for manufacture of resins used for baking enamels, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, and corrosion inhibitors; also used as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming, for solvent extraction, and for dye granulation.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used as a chemical intermediate for many products; Approximately 400 workers in US manufacturing are potentially exposed; Used in alkyd resins; Used in the mid-1980s as a wood preservative to replace chlorophenols; [ACGIH] Used to make plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors, and alkyd resins; Also used as a co-solvent and defoamer in pesticides, as the active ingredient in the wood preservative Sinesto B (not used in the US), in paint dryers, heat stabilizers for PVC, and as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming, solvent extraction, and dye granulation; [HSDB] Not found in any pesticide products registered in the US.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used as a starting material to produce polyol ester oil which is mainly used as a synthetic lubricant in refrigerant systems.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid and its metal salts are used to produce a variety of functional fluids including polymer production catalysts, plasticizers in PVC production, corrosion inhibitors in coolants stabilizers, wood preservatives and to produce lubricant additives.
The zinc salt of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used as a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and hydrogen sulfide scavenger.

One of the primary uses of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is in the production of plasticizers.
Plasticizers are additives that increase the flexibility and durability of plastics.
Esters derived from 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid, such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dioctyl adipate (DOA), are commonly used in the production of flexible PVC (polyvinyl chloride) products, including cables, flooring, and synthetic leather.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is utilized in the synthesis of metal carboxylates, which serve as catalysts in various chemical processes.
These catalysts find applications in the production of polyurethanes, coatings, and other polymerization reactions.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is employed in the formulation of coatings, resins, and inks.

The chemical's properties contribute to adhesion, durability, and flexibility in coatings, making it valuable in the paint and coatings industry.
Due to its adhesive properties, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid helps enhance the bonding characteristics of these products.

In the lubricant industry, 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is sometimes used as an additive to improve the lubricating properties and thermal stability of oils.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is involved in the synthesis of various polymers.
The chemical can be used as a monomer or a reactant in polycondensation reactions, contributing to the formation of polymeric materials with specific properties.

2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is used in the extraction of certain metals from ores.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid is ability to form stable metal complexes is utilized in processes related to metal extraction and purification.
Metal carboxylates derived from 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid act as catalysts in chemical reactions, facilitating processes such as esterification and transesterification.

Health Hazard:
Harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Material is extremely destructive to tissues of mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, eyes and skin.

Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx, bronchii, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema.
Symptoms of exposure may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting.

Safety Profile:
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
An experimental teratogen.
A skin and severe eye irritant.

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid and irritating fumes.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.

Direct contact with the skin or eyes may cause irritation, and inhalation of vapors or mists may irritate the respiratory tract.
Swallowing 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid can cause irritation to the digestive tract.
Ingestion is not a common route of exposure in industrial settings, but accidental ingestion should be avoided.

Prolonged or repeated exposure to 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may lead to sensitization in some individuals, resulting in allergic reactions upon subsequent exposure.
There is a potential aspiration hazard if the substance is swallowed.
Aspiration into the lungs during ingestion can lead to chemical pneumonia, which can be serious.

Improper disposal or release of 2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid into the environment can have adverse effects.
2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid may be harmful to aquatic life and can contribute to pollution if not handled and disposed of responsibly.

2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is found in fruits.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is found in grapes 2-Ethylhexanoic acid belongs to the family of Branched Fatty Acids.
These are fatty acids containing a branched chain.


CAS Number: 149-57-5
72377-05-0 S enantiomer
56006-48-5 R enantiomer
EC Number: 205-743-6
MDL number: MFCD00002675
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H
Chemical formula: C8H16O2


2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a branched-chain fatty acid.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Artemisia arborescens with data available.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid is found in fruits.


2-Ethylhexanoic acid is found in grapes 2-Ethylhexanoic acid belongs to the family of Branched Fatty Acids.
These are fatty acids containing a branched chain.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is slightly soluble in water.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a versatile carboxylic acid that is commonly used in a variety of industrial applications.
When reacted with certain metals, 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid forms salts that are widely used as additives in paint and plasticizer formulations, as well as in the production of paint and lacquer dryers and PVC stabilizers.


The esters of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid, particularly those obtained by glycols, tri glycols, and polyethylene glycols, are known for their lubricant properties.
They are excellent plasticizers for PVC, nitrocellulose, chlorinated rubber, and polypropylene.


These properties make 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid a popular choice in producing various chemicals and materials in the industry.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is found in fruits.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is found in grapes 2-Ethylhexanoic acid belongs to the family of Branched Fatty Acids.


These are fatty acids containing a branched chain.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is a colorless, high boiling liquid having a mild odor.
The metallic salts of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid are used as driers for odorless paints, inks, varnishes, and enamels.
Cobalt and manganese are the most important driers.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is a versatile monocarboxylic acid chemical intermediate.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid, also known as 2-EHA, is an industrial chemical.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is one of the flagship products within Perstorp Group which has the largest production capacity in the world.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is a colorless liquid with one carboxylic group based on a C8 carbon chain.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is a colorless viscous oil.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is supplied as a racemic mixture.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used to make lubricants, detergents and polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used intermediate for metal soap, plasticizer, detergent, alkyd resin, acid chloride and cosmetics.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid has various industrial applications, such as coolant in automotive synthetic lubricant wetting agent co-solvent drying of paints defoaming agent in pesticides.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used in the production of corrosion inhibitors for automotive coolants.


Lubricants: 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is a major raw material for polyolesters used in synthetic lubricants.
Personal Care: In cosmetics, 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used to produce emollients.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used the production of polyvinylbutyral (PVB) plasticizers and polyvinylchloride (PVC) stabilizers in the form of metal salts.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid can be used as an intermediate for paint and coating driers, as an alkyd resin modifier, as a catalyst for the production of peroxides and as a stabilizer for lubricating oil esters and PVC, etc., and has a wide range of market applications.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is widely used in esters for PVB film plasticizers and synthetic lubricants, in production of metal soaps for paint driers, in automotive coolants and PVC stabilizers.


Other application areas of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid include wood preservatives, catalyst for polyurethane and in pharmaceuticals.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used for synthesis.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used Auto OEM, Cosmetic and personal care intermediate, Paints & coatings, Pharmaceutical chemicals, and Product description.


Other applications of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid include, catalyst for polymer production, raw material for acid chloride, and fragrances.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used as a chemical intermediate and for manufacture of resins used for baking enamels, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, and corrosion inhibitors; also used as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming, for solvent extraction, and for dye granulation.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.
Other release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used in the following products: coating products.
Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.


2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


-Coatings:
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is used in the synthesis of alkyd resins provides improved yellowing resistanct than the standard fatty acids.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is particularly suitable for stoving enamels and two-component coatings.
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is also used as a raw material for metal based paint driers.



HOW IS 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID USED?
A major use of 2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is in the preparation of metal salts and soaps used as drying agents in paint and inks, and as thermal stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is also used in the manufacture of resins used in automobile windshields and vinyl flooring.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
*Branched fatty acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Branched fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



COMPOUND TYPE OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID
*Food Toxin
*Metabolite
*Natural Compound
*Organic Compound
*Plant Toxin



PRODUCTION OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-ethylhexenal, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.



METAL ETHYLHEXANOATES:
2-Ethyl Hexanoic Acid forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.
They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents.

They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.
These metal complexes are often described as salts.
They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes.

Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.
Examples of metal ethylhexanoates:
Hydroxyl aluminium bis(2-ethylhexanoate), used as a thickener

Tin(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 301-10-0), a catalyst for polylactide and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).[4]
Cobalt(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 136-52-7), a drier for alkyd resins
Nickel(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 4454-16-4)



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
Chemical formula: C8H16O2
Molar mass: 144.214 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 903 mg mL−1
Melting point: −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point: 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K
log P: 2.579
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 4.819
Basicity (pKb): 9.178
Refractive index (nD): 1.425
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −635.1 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): -4.8013–4.7979 MJ mol−1
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.89300 to 0.91300 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.431 to 7.597
Refractive Index: 1.42000 to 1.42600 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -59.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 220.00 to 223.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.030000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 4.98 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 244.00 °F. TCC ( 117.78 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.640
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 2000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Molecular Weight: 144.21 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1

Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 144.115029749 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.115029749 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 99.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Water Solubility: 2.07 g/L
logP: 2.61
logP: 2.8
logS: -1.8
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 5.14
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 40.25 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 16.99 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes

MDDR-like Rule: No
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -59 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 228 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,7 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: 114 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 3 at 1,4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 2,7 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure 13 hPa at 115 °C: < 0,01 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,903 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapo density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,98 - (Air = 1.0)



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
149-57-5
2-Ethylcaproic acid
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-
Ethylhexanoic acid
Ethylhexoic acid
2-Ethylhexoic acid
Butylethylacetic acid
2-Butylbutanoic acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
Ethyl hexanoic acid
2-ethyl-hexoic acid
2-ethyl hexanoic acid
alpha-Ethylcaproic acid
(+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
.alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid
.alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid
01MU2J7VVZ
125804-07-1
149-57-5
18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547
2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID
2-Butylbutanoic acid
2-ethyl hexanoic acid
2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID,AR
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
2-ethyl-hexanoic acid
2-ethyl-hexoic acid
2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylcapronic acid
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID [HSDB]
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, >=99%
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 99%
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, analytical standard
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Inhalable
2-ethylhexanoicacid
2-Ethylhexansaeure
2-Ethylhexoic acid
27648-EP2298767A1
27648-EP2314587A1
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
54213-EP2272832A1
54213-EP2292592A1
54213-EP2295438A1
54213-EP2308510A1
54213-EP2308562A2
54213-EP2374787A1
61788-37-2
AI3-01371
AKOS009031416
alpha-ethyl caproic acid
alpha-Ethylcaproic acid
alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid
AT29893
BRN 1750468
Butylethylacetic acid
C8H16O2.1/2Cu
CAS-149-57-5
CCRIS 3348
CHEBI:89058
CHEMBL1162485
CS-CY-00011
CS-W016381
DTXCID805293
DTXSID9025293
E0120
EC 205-743-6
EHO (CHRIS Code)
EINECS 205-743-6
EINECS 262-971-9
EN300-20410
Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-
Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-
(Butyl ethyl acetic acid)
Ethylhexanoic acid
Ethylhexoic acid
F0001-0703
FT-0612273
FT-0654390
Hexanoic acid, 2- ethyl- , tridecyl ester
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, copper(2++) salt
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester
HMS2267F21
HSDB 5649
LMFA01020087
LS-869
MFCD00002675
MLS002415695
NCGC00091324-01
NCGC00091324-02
NCGC00091324-03
NCGC00253985-01
NCGC00258957-01
NSC 8881
NSC-8881
NSC8881
Q209384
SB44987
SB44994
SCHEMBL25800
SMR001252268
STR05759
Tox21_201406
Tox21_300108
UNII-01MU2J7VVZ
W-109079
WLN: QVY4 & 2
Z104478072
α-Ethylcaproic acid
α-Ethylhexanoic acid
Butylethylacetic acid
Ethylhexanoic acid
Ethylhexoic acid
2-Butylbutanoic acid
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylhexanoic acid
2-Ethylhexoic acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova
Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
2-Ethylcapronic acid
NSC 8881
2-Ethylcaproic acid
149-57-5
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-
Ethylhexoic acid
Ethylhexanoic acid
Sinesto B
2-Ethylcaproic acid
Hexanoic acid
Ethylhexanoic acid
2-Ethylhexanoate
Sinesto b
(+/-)-2-ethylhexanoIC ACID
2-Butylbutanoic acid
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
2-Ethyl-hexoic acid
2-Ethyl-hexonic acid
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylcapronic acid
2-Ethylhexoic acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
alpha-Ethylcaproic acid
alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid
Butylethylacetic acid
a-Ethyl caproate
a-Ethyl caproic acid
alpha-Ethyl caproate
Α-ethyl caproate
Α-ethyl caproic acid
2-Ethylhexanoic acid
(±)-2-Ethylhexanoic acid
Ethylhexanoic acid
Octylic acid
α-Ethylcaproic acid
α-Ethylhexanoic acid
α-Ethyl-caproic Acid
(±)-2-Ethylhexanoic Acid
2-Butylbutanoic Acid
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic Acid
2-Ethylcaproic Acid
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid
2-Ethylhexoic Acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic Acid
Butylethylacetic Acid
Ethylhexanoic Acid
NSC 8881
⍺-ethylcaproic acid
⍺-ethylhexanoic acid
2-bubylbutanoic acid
butylethylacetic acid
2-ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
2-ethylcaproic acid
ethylhexanoic acid
ethylhexoic acid
Butylethylacetic acid
2-Butylbutanoic acid
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylhexansaeure
2-Ethylhexoic acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
Ethyl hexanoic acid
Ethylhexanoic acid
Ethylhexoic acid
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-
alpha-Ethylcaproic acid
(+/-)-2-ethylhexanoIC ACID
(+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
(±)-2-Ethylhexanoic acid
2-Butylbutanoic acid
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
2-Ethyl-hexoic acid
2-ethyl-hexoic acid
2-Ethyl-hexonic acid
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylhexansaeure
2-ethyl-hexanoic acid
125804-07-1
Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-
2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID
CCRIS 3348
HSDB 5649
alpha-ethyl caproic acid
NSC 8881
Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova
EINECS 205-743-6
.alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
UNII-01MU2J7VVZ
BRN 1750468
01MU2J7VVZ
Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova
AI3-01371
2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID,AR
61788-37-2
DTXSID9025293
CHEBI:89058
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-
NSC-8881
EINECS 262-971-9
2-ethylhexanoicacid
EC 205-743-6
DTXCID805293
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, >=99%
C8H16O2.1/2Cu
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, analytical standard
CAS-149-57-5
(+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, copper(2++) salt
MFCD00002675
2-Ethylcapronic acid
2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid
alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid
EHO (CHRIS Code)
.alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid
SCHEMBL25800
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 99%
MLS002415695
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Inhalable
CHEMBL1162485
WLN: QVY4 & 2
NSC8881
HMS2267F21
CS-CY-00011
STR05759
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201406
Tox21_300108
LMFA01020087
LS-869
AKOS009031416
AT29893
CS-W016381
SB44987
SB44994
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester
NCGC00091324-01
NCGC00091324-02
NCGC00091324-03
NCGC00253985-01
NCGC00258957-01
SMR001252268
Hexanoic acid, 2- ethyl- , tridecyl ester
E0120
FT-0612273
FT-0654390
EN300-20410
Q209384
Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-
(Butyl ethyl acetic acid)
W-109079
Azilsartan K Medoxomil Impurity-7 (2-EHA Impurities)
F0001-0703
Z104478072
18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard
α-Ethylcaproic acid
α-Ethylhexanoic acid
Butylethylacetic acid
Ethylhexanoic acid
Ethylhexoic acid
2-Butylbutanoic acid
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylhexanoic acid
2-Ethylhexoic acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova
Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
2-Ethylcapronic acid
NSC 8881
2-Ethylcaproic acid; 149-57-5
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-
Ethylhexoic acid
Ethylhexanoic acid
Sinesto B
(+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
2-Butylbutanoic acid
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
2-Ethyl-hexoic acid
2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylcapronic acid
2-Ethylhexanoate
2-Ethylhexoic acid
α-Ethylcaproic acid
α-Ethylhexanoic acid
2 Ethyl hexanoic acid
2-Butylbutanoic acid
2-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylhexansaeure
2-Ethylhexoic acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
Butylethylacetic acid
Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-
Ethylhexoic acid
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester
Iso-octanoic acid
2-EHA
2-EHA
2 EH acid
2-Ethyl hexanoic acid
Octanoic acid


2-ETHYL HEXANOL
2-Ethyl Hexanol appears as a dark brown liquid with an aromatic odor.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group at position 2.
2-Ethyl Hexanol has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite.


CAS Number: 104-76-7
EC Number: 203-234-3
MDL number: MFCD00004746
Molecular Formula: C8H18O / CH3(CH2)3CH(CH2CH3)CH2OH


2-Ethyl Hexanol is miscible with common organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is immiscible with water.
2-Ethyl Hexanol's ester, 2-ethylhexyl ester is a component of sunscreen octocrylene.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkalies, strong bases and strong acids.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a clear liquid with characteristic odor.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a clear solvent made up of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-Ethylhexyl Alcohol, Isooctanol, and Octyl Alcohol.


2-Ethyl Hexanol has a high boiling point and a characteristic odour.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is miscible with most organic solvents but has only limited miscibility in water.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a low-volatility solvent which will readily form esters with a broad range of acids.


2-Ethyl Hexanol’s key advantages are that it is a non-HAP (Hazardous Air Pollutant) solvent, and gives enhanced flow and gloss in baking finishes.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is insoluble in water and less dense than water.
The flash point of 2-Ethyl Hexanol is between 140 - 175 °F.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is a natural product found in Vitis rotundifolia, Lonicera japonica, and other organisms with data available.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
2-Ethyl Hexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is an organic compound with formula C8H18O.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is produced on a large scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is encountered in plants, fruits, and wines.
The odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is a versatile solvent featuring excellent reactivity as a chemical intermediate.
2-Ethyl Hexanol serves as a chain terminator in synthesizing condensation polymers and as an intermediate for plasticizers.
2-Ethyl Hexanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.
2-Ethyl Hexanolis an 8-carbon higher alcohol species.


2-Ethyl Hexanol, also called octanol, is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is hardly soluble in water, but is soluble in almost all organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a dark brown liquid with an aromatic odor. Insoluble in water and less dense than water.


2-Ethyl Hexanol has one primary hydroxyl group.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a colorless liquid.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is a versatile solvent featuring excellent reactivity as a chemical intermediate.
2-Ethyl Hexanol serves as a chain terminator in synthesizing condensation polymers and as an intermediate for plasticizers.
2-Ethyl Hexanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is a clear, uniform, nontoxic liquid with a characteristic odor, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvent.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is obtained indirectly in OXO synthesis from propylene and synthesis gas.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a high production chemical that is widely used yet
lacks a complete toxicological database.


2-Ethyl Hexanol can be emitted from carpets and some plastics.
Occupational or non-occupational standards do not exist for this constituent.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a fatty alcohol, an organic compound is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is produced on a massive scale for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as “heavy, earthy, and slightly floral” for the R enantiomer and “a light, sweet floral fragrance” for the S enantiomer.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a clear, high-boiling point and low volatility solvent with a characteristic odor.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is miscible with most organic solvents but has very limited miscibility with water.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a clear high-boiling point and low volatility solvent, uniform, nontoxic liquid with a characteristic odor, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvent.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is obtained indirectly in OXO synthesis from propylene (C3H6) and synthesis gas (CO + H2)
Solubility of 2-Ethyl Hexanol is less than 1 mg/mL at 64° F ;0.01 M; In water, 880 mg/L at 25 °C.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is miscible with most organic solvents.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is soluble in about 720 parts water, in many organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol's solubility in water, g/100ml at 20 °C is 0.11 (poor).
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a dark brown liquid with an aromatic odor.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is insoluble in water and less dense than water.
2-Ethyl Hexanol, also known as 2-ethylhexyl alcohol or octyl alcohol, is a member of the class of compounds known as fatty alcohols.
Fatty alcohols are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms.
Thus, 2-Ethyl Hexanol is considered to be a fatty alcohol lipid molecule.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is practically insoluble (in water) and an extremely weak acidic compound (based on its pKa).
2-Ethyl Hexanol can be found in a number of food items such as tea, cereals and cereal products, fats and oils, and alcoholic beverages, which makes 2-Ethyl Hexanol a potential biomarker for the consumption of these food products.


2-Ethyl Hexanol can be found primarily in feces and saliva.
2-Ethyl Hexanol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans.
2-Ethyl Hexanol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols.


These are aliphatic alcohols consisting of a chain of a least six carbon atoms.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a combustible liquid above 60°C.
2-Ethyl Hexanol acts as a non-HAP and low volatility oxygenated solvent having a high boiling point.


2-Ethyl Hexanol enhances flow and gloss in baking finishes.
2-Ethyl Hexanol shows miscibility with most organic solvents but limited miscibility with water.
2-Ethyl Hexanol readily forms esters with various acids.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and is slightly soluble in water.
However, 2-Ethyl Hexanol dissolves well in most other organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also referred to as octanol.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a solvent with a low volatility.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the following products: fuels, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and lubricants and greases.


Other release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanol is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanol can occur from industrial use: industrial abrasion processing with low release rate (e.g. cutting of textile, cutting, machining or grinding of metal).
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the following products: coating products, lubricants and greases, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, hydraulic fluids, fuels, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and washing & cleaning products.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction, health services and scientific research and development.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.


Other release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanol is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids), indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).


2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, lubricants and greases and plant protection products.
2-Ethyl Hexanol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and manufacturing of the substance.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the following products: coating products, lubricants and greases, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and hydraulic fluids.


2-Ethyl Hexanol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the following areas: mining.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.


Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and formulation of mixtures.
Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl Hexanol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).


2-Ethyl Hexanol is used as a flavor, fragrance and plasticizer.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used to prepare diesters bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
2-Ethyl Hexanol reacts with nitric acid and used as an octane booster.


Further, 2-Ethyl Hexanol is used as a low volatility solvent for resins, animal fats, waxes, vegetable oils and petroleum derivatives.
In addition to this, 2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in plasticizer, dioctyl phthalate, which is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride products.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is utilized in the manufacture of: Soap detergents, Protective coats, Lubricants, Herbicides, and Paints.


2-Ethyl Hexanol’s also used: in processing other solvents, as a food additive.
2-Ethyl Hexanol can be used as a Plating agent and surface treating agent, Adhesive and sealant, Corrosion inhibitor and anti-scaling agent, Intermediate industrial fuel, and General industrial coating.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent.
2-Ethylhexanol can also be used as a cetane improver when reacted with nitric acid.
2-Ethyl Hexanol also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce 2-Ethylhexyl glycidyl ether which is then used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications.


2-Ethyl Hexanol can be used in the development of photos, production of rubber and extraction of oil and gas.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used to make the vinyl chloride plasticizer, bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is also used to make 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for adhesives and paints.
Cosmetic Uses of 2-Ethyl Hexanol: perfuming agents
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is widely used in the production of dioctyl phthalate (vinyl applications), acrylates, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate, lubrication oil additives, mining chemicals, special plasticizers, herbicides and ester oils (non-vinyl application areas).
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used for synthesis.


2-Ethyl Hexanol has very low-level impurities and may be used as a raw material for a wide variety of chemicals.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used to make plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride.
Reaction with phthalic anhydride gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DOP, DEHP).


Reaction with adipic acid gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate.
Moreover, esterification with acrylic acid gives 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for use in adhesives and paints.
On the other hand, because 2-Ethyl Hexanol can dissolve many organic materials well, 2-ethyl hexanol is widely used as a low-volatility solvent.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is used 4-d, Adhesives/sealants-B&C, Ag chem solvents, Agriculture intermediates, Architectural coatings, Auto OE, Auto refinish, Automotive parts & accessories, Building materials, Construction chemicals, Diesel imed, and Equipment & machinery.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used Gasoline intermediates, General industrial coatings, Graphic arts, Herbicides - intermediate for 2, Herbicides - intermediate for other Industrial fuel imeds, Lubricants, Marine, Paints & coatings, and Pipe non-food contact.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is used Plasticizer, Process solvents, Protective coatings, Soap/detergents, Wetting agent, Wood coatings
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used for in numerous application such as fragrances, flavours and solvents.
Most commonly 2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in the production of other chemicals.


Almost all 2-Ethyl Hexanol manufactured is used as a precursor for the synthesis of the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer.
Because 2-Ethyl Hexanol is a fatty alcohol, its esters tend to have emollient properties.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used Stabilizers, Plasticizers, Coatings additives, Lubricants, Pharmaceuticals, Pesticides, Perfumes, Food additives, Preservatives, and Chemical intermediates.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent.
2-Ethyl Hexanol can also be used as an octane booster when reacted with nitric acid.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is used in coatings.


2-Ethyl Hexanol, or isooctanol, is a fatty alcohol, an organic compound used in the manufacture of a variety of products.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a branched, eight-carbon alcohol.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a clear, colorless liquid that is nearly insoluble in water, but well soluble in most organic solvents.


2-Ethyl Hexanol can be readily converted into esters that have a variety of uses.
The primary use of 2-Ethyl Hexanol is in the manufacture of the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer.
Because it is a fatty alcohol, esters of 2-Ethyl Hexanol tend to have emollient properties.


For example, the sunscreen octocrylene contains a 2-ethylhexyl ester for this purpose.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is primarily used in the production of plasticizers and also of 2-ethyl hexylacrylate, a monomer which is used to modify acrylic and methacrylic polyesters, as a diesel additive and in lubrication oil.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is also used in the manufacture of low-volatility esters such as dioctylphthalate, in ethoxylates, coatings and herbicides, as a solvent for resins, animal fats, vegetable oil, wax and petroleum derivatives and in extractant production for heavy metal mining.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also used in inks, rubber, paper, lubricants, photography, and dry cleaning.


2-Ethyl Hexanol is used as a plasticizer, defoaming agent, wetting agent, solvent (nitrocellulose, paints, lacquers, and baking finishes), and textile finishing compound.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent.



INDUSTRIAL USES OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
Industries may use 2-Ethylhexanol in the,
*Extraction of oil and gas
*Production of cosmetics
*Manufacture of plastics and rubber products
*Development of photos and film
*Making of anti-foam agents used in the textiles and paper industries.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
The average molecular weight of 2-Ethyl Hexanol is approximately 130.23g/mol.
2-Ethyl Hexanol belongs to a class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols, and it’s a colorless liquid that is less soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
2-Ethyl Hexanol melts at -76° C and boils between 183-185° C and has an intense and unpleasant taste with a characteristic odor.
2-Ethyl Hexanol reacts violently with oxidants and strong bases while it readily forms esters with various acids.
When heated or burned, 2-Ethyl Hexanol decomposes by emitting acrid smoke and fumes.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is a low-volatile solvent and the heat of combustion of 2-ethylhexanol is -1263.81 kcal/mol at 25° C while the heat of vaporization is about 10.8 kcal/mol at boiling point.



PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
The branching in 2-Ethyl Hexanol inhibits crystallization.
Esters of 2-ethylhexanol are similarly affected, which together with low volatility, is the basis of applications in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points.
Because 2-ethylhexanol is a fatty alcohol, its esters have emollient properties.
Representative is the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), commonly used in PVC.
The triester tris (2-Ethylhexyl) trimellitate (TOTM) is another common plasticizer produced via the esterification of three 2-ethylhexanol per trimellitic acid.



FUNCTION OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
2-Ethyl Hexanol is produced on a massive scale for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the Renantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the Senantiomer.



FORMULA OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
2-Ethyl Hexanol is an organic compound that derives its name from a primary alcohol known as hexan-o-l with an ethyl group at position 2.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is synonymously known as 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol or xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol.
The molecular formula of 2-Ethyl Hexanol is C8H18O and this compound is commonly abbreviated as 2-EH or 2EH.
2-Ethyl Hexanol is naturally found in corns, olive oil, tobacco, tea, blueberries and alcoholic beverages.



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
*Primary alcohols
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
*Fatty alcohol
*Organic oxygen compound
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Primary alcohol
*Organooxygen compound
*Alcohol
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



KEY ATTRIBUTES OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
*Defoaming, wetting, and dispersing characteristics
*Excellent reactivity as an intermediate
*Improves flow and gloss in baking finishes
*Inert - Food use with limitations
*Inert - Nonfood use
*Inherently biodegradable
*Non-HAP
*Non-SARA
*REACH compliant
*Slow evaporation rate
*Very low water miscibility



INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
2-Ethyl Hexanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde.
About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually.



PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
The branching in 2-Ethyl Hexanol inhibits its crystallization due to packing disruption; this results in a very low freezing point.
Esters of 2-Ethyl Hexanol are similarly affected and it therefore finds application as a feedstock in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points.



SYNTHESIS OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
The n-butyraldehyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility.
Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-Ethyl Hexanol.
Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols.
The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced.



BENEFITS OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
*Low molecular weight
*Water-soluble
*Provide proper balance of desired properties in a formulation.



NOMENCLATURE OF 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
Although isooctanol (and the derived isooctyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-Ethyl Hexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC naming conventions dictate that this name is properly applied to another isomer of octanol, 6-methylheptan-1-ol.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
Molecular Weight: 130.23 g/mol
XLogP3: 3.1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 130.135765193 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 130.135765193 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 20.2Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 52.5
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1

Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 104-76-7
EC number: 203-234-3
Hill Formula: C₈H₁₈O
Chemical formula: CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH(C₂H₅)CH₂OH
Molar Mass: 130.23 g/mol
HS Code: 2905 16 85
Boiling point: 184 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.833 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 1.1 - 12.7 %(V)
Flash point: 75 °C DIN 51758
Ignition temperature: 270 - 330 °C DIN 51794
Melting Point: -89 °C
pH value: 7 (1 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.93 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 1.1 g/l
Chemical formula: C8H18O
Molar mass: 130.231 g·mol−1

Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 833 mg mL−1
Melting point: −76 °C (−105 °F; 197 K)
Boiling point: 180 to 186 °C; 356 to 367 °F; 453 to 459 K
log P: 2.721
Vapor pressure: 30 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.431
Thermochemistry
Heat capacity (C): 317.5J K−1 mol−1
Std molar entropy (S⦵298): 347.0 J K−1 mol−1
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −433.67–−432.09 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): −5.28857–−5.28699 MJ mol−1
Water Solubility: 0.81 g/L
logP: 3.01
logP: 2.5
logS: -2.2
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 17.7
pKa (Strongest Basic): -1.6
Physiological Charge: 0

Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 1
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 20.23 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 40.41 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 17.02 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid (est)
Assay: 96.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.83200 to 0.83500 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 6.931 to 6.956
Refractive Index: 1.42900 to 1.43300 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -76.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 184.00 to 186.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg

Vapor Pressure: 0.207000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Vapor Density: 4.49 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 171.00 °F. TCC ( 77.22 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.820 (est)
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 1379 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 880 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
Physical description: A dark brown liquid with an aromatic odor.
Boiling point: 363-365°F
Molecular weight: 130.23
Freezing point/melting point -105°F
Vapor pressure: 0.05 mmHg
Flash point: 178°F
Vapor density: 4.49
Specific gravity: 0.834
Ionization potential
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 0.88%
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 9.7%
NFPA health rating: 2
NFPA fire rating: 2

Storage: Sealed in dry, Room Temperature
Assay: 0.997
EINECS: 203-234-3
Hazard Codes: Xn
HS Code: 2905199090
Log P: 2.19510
MDL: MFCD00004746
PSA: 2.23
Refractive Index: 1.43-1.433
Risk Statements: R21; R36
RTECS: MP0350000
Safety Statements: S26-S36/37/39
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Density: 4.49
Vapor Pressure: 0.2 mm Hg ( 20 °C)



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Remove container from danger zone and cool with water.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 30 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Advice on protection against fire and explosion:
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ETHYL HEXANOL:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .



SYNONYMS:
2-Ethylhexan-1-ol
2-Ethylhexanol
104-76-7
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL
2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-
Ethylhexanol
2-ETHYL HEXANOL
Alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl
FEMA No. 3151
xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
2-Aethylhexanol
Ethylhexanol, 2-
CCRIS 2292
HSDB 1118
NSC 9300
EINECS 203-234-3
UNII-XZV7TAA77P
XZV7TAA77P
BRN 1719280
AI3-00940
DTXSID5020605
CHEBI:16011
NSC-9300
EC 203-234-3
4-01-00-01783 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID10605
2-Ethyl-hexan-1-ol
CAS-104-76-7
2-ethyhexanol
2-etilhexanol
2-ethyl-hexanol
thyl-2 hexanol
Guerbet C8
2-ethyl1-hexanol
2-ethylhexylalcohol
2-etil-1-hexanol
Exxal 8N
2-ethyl 1-hexanol
MFCD00004746
Conol 10WS
2-ethyl hexyl alcohol
1-hexanol, 2-etil-
alcohol de 2-etilhexilo
Ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-
2-etil-1-hexil alcohol
2-ethyl-1-hexyl alcohol
(+/-)-2-ethylhexanol
(+-)-2-etil-1-hexanol
SCHEMBL16324
(+-)-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
MLS002415694
CHEMBL31637
2 - ethylhexan - 1 - ol
2-ETHYLHEXANOL [INCI]
Alcohols,c7-9-iso-,c8-rich
2-ETHYL HEXANOL [FCC]
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, >=99%
FEMA 3151
NSC9300
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL [MI]
HMS2268N10
WLN: Q1Y4 & 2
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL [FHFI]
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL [HSDB]
AMY11009
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, >=99.6%
EINECS 295-250-2
Tox21_202071
Tox21_300019
LMFA05000703
LS-380
STL453673
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, >=99%, FG
2-ETHYLHEXAN-1-OL [USP-RS]
AKOS000120105
AKOS016843836
(+/-)-2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOL-
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, analytical standard
NCGC00091294-01
NCGC00091294-02
NCGC00091294-03
NCGC00254215-01
NCGC00259620-01
SMR000112222
CS-0016002
E0122
FT-0612231
FT-0627437
EN300-19353
C02498
D72516
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, puriss., >=99.0% (GC)
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, SAJ first grade, >=99.0%
Q209388
W-109057
91994-92-2
2-Ethylhexan-1-ol
isooctyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexanol
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
2-Ethylhexan-1-ol
2-Ethylhexanol
Ethylhexanol
2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
2-Ethyl-hexanol-1
Ethylhexyl alcohol
2-EH
Hexanol, 2-ethyl-
Hexan-1-ol, 2-ethyl
NSC 9300
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl alcohol
Ethyl-1-hexanol,2-
Octyl alcohol (Related)
2-EH (=2-ethyl hexanol)
2-EH alcohol
2-ethyl 2-hexan-1-ol
2-ethyl hexyl alcohol
ethylhexanol, EXXAL 8
1-hexanol, 2-ethyl-
2-EH (=2-ethyl hexanol)
2-EH alcohol
2-ethyl 2-hexan-1-ol
2-ethyl hexanol
2-ethyl hexyl alcohol
2-ethylhexan-1-ol
2-ethylhexanol
alcohol C8
corexit 8814
ethylhexanol
EXXAL 8
FORMULA No 91270
isooctanol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol)
isooctyl alcohol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol)
octyl alcohol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol)
octyl alcohol(2-EH)(=2-ethyl-1-hexanol)
C8-H18-O
CH3(CH2)3CHC2H5CH2OH
2-ethyl hexanol; ethylhexanol
2-ethyl hexylalcohol
2-ethyl hexyl alcohol
2-ethyl-1-hexanol
1-hexanol, 2-ethyl
octyl alcohol
iso-octyl alcohol
2-EH
isooctanol
iso-octanol
alcohols C7-9-iso, C8 rich (CAS RN: 68526-83-0)
alcohols C8-10-iso, C9
rich (CAS RN: 68526-84-1)
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
2-Ethylhexyl alcohol
Alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl
Ethylhexanol
Octyl alcohol
2-Ethyl Hexanol
Ethylhexyl Alcohol
2-Ethyl-hexanol-1
Ethylhexyl alcohol
2-EH
Aerofroth 88
Octyl alcohol
Surfynol 104A
Hexanol, 2-ethyl-
Ethyl-1-hexanol,2-
Hexan-1-ol, 2-ethyl, Ethylhexanol
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol
2-Ethylhexan-1-ol
Alcohol c8
1-ethyl-n-amylcarbinol
2-ethylhexyl alcohol
2-ethyl-1-hexanol
2EH
isooctanol, octyl alcohol, ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-
FEMA 3151



2-ETHYL HEXANOL
2-ETHYL HEXANOL 2-Ethyl hexanol 2-Ethyl hexanol Skeletal formula of 2-ethylhexanol2-Ethyl hexanol molecule Names IUPAC name 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol[1] Identifiers CAS Number 104-76-7 check 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image Beilstein Reference 1719280 ChEBI CHEBI:16011 check ChEMBL ChEMBL31637 check ChEMBL1229918 check ChemSpider 7434 check 5360145 R check 5360146 S check ECHA InfoCard 100.002.941 EC Number 203-234-3 KEGG C02498 ☒ MeSH 2-ethylhexanol PubChem CID 7720 6991979 R 6991980 S UNII XZV7TAA77P check CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID5020605 InChI[show] SMILES[show] Properties Chemical formula C8H18O Molar mass 130.231 g·mol−1 Appearance Colourless liquid Density 833 mg mL−1 Melting point −76 °C (−105 °F; 197 K) Boiling point 180 to 186 °C; 356 to 367 °F; 453 to 459 K log P 2.721 Vapor pressure 30 Pa (at 20 °C) Refractive index (nD) 1.431 Thermochemistry Heat capacity (C) 317.5J K−1 mol−1 Std molar entropy (So298) 347.0 J K−1 mol−1 Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) −433.67–−432.09 kJ mol−1 Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) −5.28857–−5.28699 MJ mol−1 Hazards GHS pictograms GHS05: Corrosive GHS07: Harmful GHS Signal word Danger GHS hazard statements H312, H315, H318, H335 GHS precautionary statements P261, P280, P305+351+338 Flash point 81 °C (178 °F; 354 K) Autoignition temperature 290 °C (554 °F; 563 K) Explosive limits 0.88–9.7% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): LD50 (median dose) 1.97 g kg−1 (dermal, rabbit) 3.73 g kg−1 (oral, rat) NIOSH (US health exposure limits): PEL (Permissible) none[2] REL (Recommended) TWA 50 ppm (270 mg/m3) [skin][2] IDLH (Immediate danger) N.D.[2] Related compounds Related alkanol Propylheptyl alcohol Related compounds 2-Methylhexane 3-Methylhexane Valnoctamide 2-Methylheptane 3-Methylheptane Valpromide 2-Ethylhexanoic acid Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). ☒ verify (what is check☒ ?) 2-Ethyl hexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a massive scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.[3] It is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer.[4] Properties and applications The branching in 2-ethylhexanol inhibits its crystallization due to packing disruption; this results in a very low freezing point. Esters of 2-ethylhexanol are similarly affected and it therefore finds application as a feedstock in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points. A significant portion of 2-ethylhexanol manufactured is used as a precursor for the synthesis of the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer. Because it is a fatty alcohol, its esters tend to have emollient properties. It is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent. 2-Ethylhexanol can also be used as a cetane number booster when reacted with nitric acid. It also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce the glycidyl ether of the molecule which is used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications. It can be used in the development of photos, production of rubber and extraction of oil and gas.[5] Industrial production2-Ethyl hexanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde. About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually.[6][7] Synthesis of 2-Ethylhexanol The n-butyraldeheyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility. Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-ethylhexanol. Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols. The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced.[8] Health effects2-Ethyl hexanol exhibits low toxicity in animal models, with LD50 ranging from 2-3 g/kg (rat).[3] 2-Ethylhexanol has been identified as a cause of indoor air quality related health problems, such as respiratory system irritation, as a volatile organic compound. 2-Ethylhexanol is emitted to air from a PVC flooring installed on concrete that had not been dried properly.[9][10] Nomenclature Although isooctanol (and the derived isooctyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-ethylhexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC naming conventions[11] dictate that this name is properly applied to another isomer of octanol, 6-methylheptan-1-ol. The Chemical Abstracts Service likewise indexes isooctanol (CAS# 26952-21-6) as 6-methylheptan-1-ol. 2-ethyl hexanol appears as a dark brown liquid with an aromatic odor. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Flash point between 140 - 175°F. Contact may irritate skin, eyes and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. 2-ethylhexan-1-ol is a primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. Molecular Weight of 2-ethyl hexanol 130.23 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) XLogP3 3.1 Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Donor Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 1 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 1 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Rotatable Bond Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 5 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Exact Mass of 2-ethyl hexanol 130.135765 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Monoisotopic Mass of 2-ethyl hexanol 130.135765 g/mol Computed by PubChem 2.1 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Topological Polar Surface Area of 2-ethyl hexanol 20.2 Ų Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Heavy Atom Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 9 Computed by PubChem Formal Charge of 2-ethyl hexanol 0 Computed by PubChem Complexity of 2-ethyl hexanol 52.5 Computed by Cactvs 3.4.6.11 (PubChem release 2019.06.18) Isotope Atom Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 0 Computed by PubChem Defined Atom Stereocenter Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 1 Computed by PubChem Defined Bond Stereocenter Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 0 Computed by PubChem Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 0 Computed by PubChem Covalently-Bonded Unit Count of 2-ethyl hexanol 1 Computed by PubChem Compound of 2-ethyl hexanol Is Canonicalized Yes 2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a massive scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.It is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer. The branching in 2-ethylhexanol inhibits its crystallization due to packing disruption; this results in a very low freezing point. Esters of 2-ethylhexanol are similarly affected and it therefore finds application as a feedstock in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points. Almost all 2-ethylhexanol manufactured is used as a precursor for the synthesis of the diester bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a plasticizer. Because it is a fatty alcohol, its esters tend to have emollient properties. It is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent. 2-Ethylhexanol can also be used as a cetane number booster when reacted with nitric acid. It also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce the glycidyl ether of the molecule which is used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications. 2-Ethylhexanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde. About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually. The n-butyraldeheyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility. Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-ethylhexanol. Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols. The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced.2-Ethylhexanol exhibits low toxicity in animal models, with LD50 ranging from 2-3 g/kg (rat).Although isooctanol (and the derived isooctyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-ethylhexanol and its derivatives, IUPAC naming conventions dictate that this name is properly applied to another isomer of octanol, 6-methylheptan-1-ol. The Chemical Abstracts Service likewise indexes isooctanol (CAS# 26952-21-6) as 6-methylheptan-1-ol. 2-ethylhexan-1-ol is a primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group at position 2. It has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite. xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is found in alcoholic beverages. xi-2-Ethyl-1-hexanol occurs in corn, olive oil, tobacco, tea, rice, tamarind, grapes, blueberries etc. 2-Ethylhexanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate. It is a versatile solvent featuring excellent reactivity as a chemical intermediate. It serves as a chain terminator in synthesizing condensation polymers and as an intermediate for plasticizers. 2-Ethylhexanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels. It is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol is suitable for use in a study to compare its susceptibilities of dynamic heat capacity and dielectric polarization under isothermal conditions.It may be used to study lipase-catalyzed transesterification (alcoholysis) of rapeseed oil and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in the absence of solvent. 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol may be used in broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies of the polyalcohols- glycerol, xylitol and sorbitol. It may be used in the preparation of porous beads. 2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a fatty alcohol, an organic compound is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a massive scale for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers. It is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer. Solvent used below 10% in organic coating formulations when a late evaporating polar tail solvent is required. Also called isooctanol or isooctyl alcohol. 2-Ethyl hexanol 2-Ethyl hexanol 2-Ethyl hexanol is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species. It is used to make the vinyl chloride plasticizer, bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate. It is also used to make 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for adhesives and paints. CAS: No. 104-76-7 (T) EINECS: No. 203-234-3 Characteristics 1.2-Ethyl hexanol (2EH), also called octanol, is an 8-carbon higher alcohol species. 2.2-Ethyl hexanol is hardly soluble in water, but is soluble in almost all organic solvents. Our 2-Ethyl hexanol has very low-level impurities and may be used as a raw material for a wide variety of chemicals. Common Names 2-Ethyl hexanol, 2-Ethyl hexyl alcohol, 2EH Structure 2-Ethyl hexanol CAS No. 104‐76‐7 Appearance Clear, colorless liquid Odor Characteristic smell Boiling Point (℃) 184.6(101.3kPa) Formula C8H18O Molecular Weight 130.2 Applications [close] 2-Eethyl hexanol is used to make plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride. Reaction with phthalic anhydride gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate (DOP, DEHP). Reaction with adipic acid gives bis(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate. Moreover, esterification with acrylic acid gives 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate for use in adhesives and paints. On the other hand, because it can dissolve many organic materials well, 2-ethyl hexanol is widely used as a low-volatility solvent. Bis(2-ethyl hexyl) phthalate Tris(2-ethyl hexyl) trimellitate Bis(2-ethyl hexyl) adipate 2-Ethyl hexyl methacrylate 2-Rthyl hexyl acrylate 2-Ethyl hexanol High-boiling point, low-volatility solvent for fats, waxes, dyes and insecticides. Starting material for the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants and other chemical products such as raw materials for paints and coatings. Properties 2-ethylhexanol is a clear, mobile and neutral liquid with a characteristic odour. It is miscible with most common organic solvents but its miscibility with water is very limited. 2-ethylhexanol enters into the reactions that are typical of primary alcohols. For instance, it readily forms esters with various acids. 2-ETHYL HEXANOL 2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a fatty alcohol, an organic compound is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol. It is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents. It is produced on a massive scale for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers. It is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as “heavy, earthy, and slightly floral” for the R enantiomer and “a light, sweet floral fragrance” for the S enantiomer. Substance name:2-ethyl-1-hexanol Trade name:Ethyl Hexanol EC no:203-234-3 CAS no:104-76-7 HS code:29051685 KH product code:100118 Formula:C8H18O Synonyms:1-hexanol, 2-ethyl- / 2-EH (=2-ethyl hexanol) / 2-EH alcohol / 2-ethyl 2-hexan-1-ol / 2-ethyl hexanol / 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol / 2-ethylhexan-1-ol / 2-ethylhexanol / alcohol C8 / corexit 8814 / ethylhexanol / EXXAL 8 / FORMULA No 91270 / isooctanol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol) / isooctyl alcohol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol) / octyl alcohol (=2-ethyl-1-hexanol) / octyl alcohol(2-EH)(=2-ethyl-1-hexanol) / Substances with a flash-point above 60 °C and not more than 100 °C / Substances with a flash-point above 60 °C and not more than 100 °C, which do not belong to another class) 2-Ethyl hexanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate. It is a versatile solvent featuring excellent reactivity as a chemical intermediate. It serves as a chain terminator in synthesizing condensation polymers and as an intermediate for plasticizers. 2-Ethyl hexanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels. It is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes. Applications/uses Adhesives/sealants-B&C Agriculture intermediates Architectural coatings Auto OEM Auto refinish Automotive parts & accessories Building materials Construction chemicals Diesel imed Equipment & machinery Gasoline intermediates General industrial coatings Graphic arts Herbicides - intermediate for 2,4-d Herbicides - intermediate for other Industrial fuel imeds Lubricants Marine Paints & coatings Pipe non-food contact Plasticizer Process solvents Protective coatings Soap/detergents Wetting agent Wood coatings Key attributes Defoaming, wetting, and dispersing characteristics Excellent reactivity as an intermediate Improves flow and gloss in baking finishes Inert - Food use with limitations Inert - Nonfood use Inherently biodegradable Non-HAP Non-SARA REACH compliant Slow evaporation rate Very low water miscibility
2-ETHYL HEXANOL (2-EH)

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is a branched-chain, eight-carbon alcohol.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is classified as an organic compound and is often used as a versatile solvent in various industries.
The chemical formula for 2-Ethylhexanol is C8H18O, and its molecular structure includes a straight carbon chain with a branch on the second carbon atom.

CAS Number: 104-76-7
EC Number: 203-234-3

2-Ethylhexanol, Isooctanol, 2-EH, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol, Octanol-2, Octanol (2), Capryl alcohol, 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl, alpha-Ethylhexanol, 2-Ethylhexyl alcohol, Caprylic alcohol, Octyl alcohol, Ethylhexanol, 2-Ethyl-hexanol, 2-Ethylhexyl, Octyl alcohol, sec-, Sec-octyl alcohol, Ethylhexyl alcohol, Iso-octyl alcohol, 2-Ethyl-1-hexyl alcohol, Octyl alcohol (2-), Sec-n-octyl alcohol, Isooctyl alcohol, 2-Ethyl-hexyl alcohol, 2-Hexyl alcohol, 1-Ethyl-1-hexanol, 2-Hexyl-1-ol, Ethylhexanol-2, Ethylhexyl alcohol, sec, sec-Octyl alcohol, Octyl alcohol, 2nd, Isooctyl alcohol, 2nd, Sec-octanol, Sec-octyl alcohol, 2nd, Caprylic alcohol, 2nd, 1-Hexyl alcohol, 2-Ethyl-, 2-Hexanol, 1-Ethyl-2-hexanol, 2-Ethyl-1-hexyl alcohol, Iso-octanol, sec-Octanol, sec-Octyl alcohol, 2nd, 2-Ethyl-1-hexyl alcohol, 2-Hexyl-1-ol, Octyl alcohol, Isooctyl alcohol, Octanol (2), Iso-Octanol, Iso-Octyl alcohol, sec-, Sec-Octyl alcohol, 2nd, 1-Hexyl alcohol



APPLICATIONS


2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is extensively used in the formulation of paints and coatings, where it contributes to pigment dispersion and film formation.
In the printing ink industry, it is a valuable component, enhancing stability and consistency in ink formulations.
Its solvency properties make it a preferred choice in the creation of cleaning solutions for industrial and household applications.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) serves as a degreasing agent, effectively removing oily substances and contaminants from surfaces.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) finds application in the electronics industry for formulating cleaning solutions used on delicate electronic components and circuit boards.
In the adhesive and sealant industry, it enhances the performance of formulations, acting as a plasticizer and modifier.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is employed in varnishes, contributing to their application properties and durability.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) acts as a coalescing agent in paint formulations, ensuring uniform film formation and improved coating characteristics.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is used in the production of rust removers, aiding in the removal of rust and corrosion from metal surfaces.

In hydraulic fluids, 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) contributes to lubricating properties, enhancing the efficiency of hydraulic systems.
Metalworking fluids benefit from its inclusion, providing cooling and lubrication during machining processes.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is utilized in the formulation of conveyor belt lubricants, ensuring smooth operation and longevity of belts.

Its compatibility with elastomers makes it valuable in the formulation of rubber products with specific performance requirements.
Automotive refinishing applications benefit from its use in paint formulations, contributing to high-quality and durable coatings.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is incorporated into specialty cleaning products used for the maintenance and cleaning of machinery and equipment.
Its mild odor makes it suitable for formulations where minimal or no fragrance is desired, such as certain cleaning products.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is employed in the production of environmentally friendly industrial products, aligning with sustainable practices.
The textile industry utilizes it in dyeing processes, aiding in the dispersion and fixation of dyes on fabrics.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) plays a role in the creation of transparent coatings, providing visual clarity and colorless properties.

In the production of lubricity improvers, it enhances the lubricating properties of various formulations.
Certain specialty applications benefit from derivatives of 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH), tailored to achieve specific industrial needs.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) contributes to the formulation of water-based and solvent-based products, showcasing its versatility.
Its application in the creation of ink removers highlights its efficiency in cleaning solutions for printing equipment.

The chemical is used in the formulation of household cleaning products, contributing to their effectiveness in removing stains and dirt.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) serves as a valuable component in the creation of high-performance industrial products across diverse sectors.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is a key ingredient in the production of industrial degreasers, effectively removing grease and grime from machinery and surfaces.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) finds application in the formulation of brake fluids for the automotive industry, contributing to the stability and performance of braking systems.
In the creation of fuel additives, 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) enhances fuel stability and combustion efficiency in engines.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is used in the formulation of certain inkjet printer inks, ensuring the proper dispersion of color pigments for high-quality printing.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is employed in the production of defoamers, assisting in the control of foam in various industrial processes.

In the cosmetic and personal care industry, it is found in certain skincare formulations, acting as a solubilizer and stabilizer.
The creation of certain pesticide formulations involves the use of 2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH), improving the dispersion and effectiveness of active ingredients.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) contributes to the production of specialty lubricants, ensuring effective lubrication in precision machinery and equipment.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is utilized in the formulation of insect repellents, aiding in the dispersion of active repellent ingredients.

Certain wood preservatives contain this chemical, protecting wood from decay and insect damage.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) plays a role in the formulation of certain floor polishes, providing gloss and protection to various flooring surfaces.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is applied in the creation of certain cutting fluids for metal machining processes, ensuring cooling and lubrication.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) contributes to the formulation of certain fuel system cleaners, assisting in the removal of deposits and improving engine performance.
In the creation of air fresheners, it aids in the dispersion of fragrances, enhancing indoor environments.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is used in the production of certain photographic chemicals, contributing to the development and processing of photographs.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is found in certain leather conditioners, contributing to the softness and protection of leather surfaces.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is applied in the creation of anti-fogging agents, improving visibility on surfaces prone to fogging.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is used in the formulation of certain resin-based dental materials, aiding in achieving proper consistency and handling properties.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is incorporated into certain heat transfer fluids, enhancing the efficiency of heat exchange systems.
In the creation of industrial floor coatings, it helps achieve durable and chemically resistant finishes for high-traffic areas.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is employed in the production of certain sealant primers, ensuring proper adhesion to various substrates.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is used in the formulation of specialty inks for flexographic and gravure printing, ensuring precise and consistent printing on various substrates.
Its compatibility with epoxy resins makes it valuable in the production of epoxy-based adhesives, providing strong and durable bonds.

In the electronics industry, it is incorporated into the formulation of solder fluxes, aiding in the soldering process by reducing oxidation.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is found in the creation of cutting-edge nanomaterials and nanoparticles, showcasing its versatility in advanced materials science.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is utilized in the production of specialty coatings for electronic displays, contributing to anti-glare and anti-scratch properties.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) plays a crucial role in the formulation of certain cosmetic products, contributing to the solubilization of various ingredients.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is found in the creation of certain hair care products, assisting in the even distribution of active components.
In the formulation of certain industrial detergents, it aids in the removal of grease and stains from surfaces.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is applied in the production of certain anti-corrosion coatings, providing protection to metal surfaces.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is utilized in the creation of specialty inks for digital printing, delivering high-quality prints with vibrant colors.
In the manufacturing of certain hydraulic brake fluids, it contributes to the fluid's stability and performance.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is employed in the production of specialty adhesives, ensuring proper bonding in various applications.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is used in the creation of specialty industrial cleaners, effective in removing tough contaminants.
In the formulation of certain specialty resins, it aids in achieving specific properties for diverse applications.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is found in the production of certain airbrushing solutions, ensuring smooth application and color dispersion.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) contributes to the formulation of certain anti-tarnish coatings, protecting metal surfaces from oxidation.

In the creation of certain ink removers and cleaning solutions, it efficiently dissolves and removes ink stains.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is applied in the production of certain wood stains and finishes, enhancing the appearance and durability of wood surfaces.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is employed in the creation of certain cooling tower water treatment chemicals, aiding in the prevention of scale and corrosion.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is used in the formulation of certain resin-based casting materials, ensuring proper flow and curing characteristics.
In the production of certain floor strippers and cleaners, it assists in the removal of old coatings and residues.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is found in certain mold release agents, ensuring easy release of molded products from molds.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) plays a role in the formulation of certain heat-resistant coatings, providing protection in high-temperature environments.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is utilized in the creation of certain specialty inks for textile printing, ensuring colorfastness and durability.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is applied in the production of certain paint removers, facilitating the stripping of old paint from surfaces.

In the manufacturing of certain rubber cements and adhesives, it contributes to bonding and tackiness.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is employed in the formulation of certain automotive cleaning and detailing products, providing effective cleaning and shine.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is found in certain cutting fluids for machining operations, ensuring cooling and lubrication.
In the creation of certain industrial waxes and polishes, it contributes to the formulation's spreadability and gloss.



DESCRIPTION


2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is a branched-chain, eight-carbon alcohol.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is classified as an organic compound and is often used as a versatile solvent in various industries.
The chemical formula for 2-Ethylhexanol is C8H18O, and its molecular structure includes a straight carbon chain with a branch on the second carbon atom.

2-Ethylhexanol (2-EH) is a versatile and widely used organic compound.
Also known as Isooctanol, it is characterized by its clear, colorless liquid state.
With a mild and characteristic odor, 2-Ethylhexanol is a vital component in various industrial processes.

Its chemical structure includes a branched eight-carbon chain, contributing to its unique properties.
Recognized for its low volatility, it is favored as a solvent in the production of coatings and paints.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) exhibits limited solubility in water, making it suitable for certain hydrophobic applications.
Known for its role as a plasticizer, it enhances the flexibility of PVC and other polymers.
Used as an intermediate in the synthesis of diverse chemicals, 2-Ethylhexanol plays a crucial role in various industries.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is an important precursor in the creation of esters, adding functionality to a range of chemical formulations.
In the field of paints and coatings, it is valued for its ability to dissolve and disperse pigments effectively.
Its compatibility with resins makes it a preferred choice in adhesive formulations, ensuring strong and durable bonds.

2-Ethylhexanol is employed in the electronics industry, particularly in the production of cleaning solutions for delicate components.
Widely utilized in the textile industry, it aids in dyeing processes by promoting the dispersion and fixation of dyes.
With its clear appearance, it is often incorporated into transparent coatings where visual clarity is essential.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH)'s low foaming properties make it suitable for applications requiring minimal foam, such as in certain cleaning products.
Its balanced hydrophilic and hydrophobic nature allows for versatile use in both water-based and solvent-based formulations.
Recognized for its mild odor, 2-Ethylhexanol is advantageous in formulations where a minimal or neutral fragrance is desired.
Found in hydraulic fluids and metalworking fluids, it contributes to lubricating properties and overall efficiency in various applications.

2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is known for its stability in moderate water hardness and electrolyte conditions, enhancing its versatility.
Used in the automotive refinishing industry, it aids in the formulation of high-quality coatings for vehicles.
As a degreasing agent, it is effective in the removal of oily substances from surfaces, making it valuable in cleaning formulations.

In the production of rust removers, it demonstrates its efficiency in removing rust and corrosion from metal surfaces.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH) is utilized in the creation of environmentally friendly industrial products, aligning with sustainable practices.

Its solvency properties make it indispensable in the formulation of inks, coatings, and cleaning solutions across diverse industries.
2-ethyl hexanol (2-EH)'s versatility and compatibility with various materials underscore its significance in industrial processes and formulations.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Formula: C8H18O
Common Name: 2-Ethylhexanol (2-EH)
Molecular Structure: CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CH2OH
Chemical formula: C8H18O
Molar mass: 130.231 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colourless liquid
Density: 833 mg mL−1
Melting point: −76 °C (−105 °F; 197 K)
Boiling point: 180 to 186 °C; 356 to 367 °F; 453 to 459 K
log P: 2.721
Vapor pressure: 30 Pa (at 20 °C)
Refractive index (nD): 1.431



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, move the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing difficulties persist, seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is not breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Keep the affected person warm and at rest.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water.
If skin irritation or rash develops, seek medical attention.
Launder contaminated clothing before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Flush the eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting upper and lower eyelids.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation or redness persists.
Remove contact lenses if present and easy to do; continue rinsing.


Ingestion:

Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel.
Rinse the mouth thoroughly with water.
Seek immediate medical attention.
If the person is conscious, give small sips of water to drink.


Note to Physicians:

Treat symptomatically.
No specific antidote.
Provide supportive care.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protection:
Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or face shield, and protective clothing.
Use respiratory protection if ventilation is insufficient or if exposure limits are exceeded.

Ventilation:
Ensure adequate ventilation in the working area to control airborne concentrations below occupational exposure limits.
Use local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to minimize exposure.

Avoidance:
Avoid direct skin contact and inhalation of vapors.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling the substance.
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Spill and Leak Procedures:
Use appropriate personal protective equipment.
Contain spills to prevent further release and minimize exposure.
Absorb spills with inert materials (e.g., sand, vermiculite) and collect for disposal.

Storage:
Store in a cool, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials (see SDS for specific details).
Keep containers tightly closed when not in use to prevent evaporation and contamination.
Store away from heat sources, direct sunlight, and ignition sources.

Handling Cautions:
Avoid generating aerosols or mists.
Ground and bond containers during transfer operations to prevent static electricity buildup.
Use explosion-proof electrical equipment in areas where vapors may be present.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store at temperatures recommended by the manufacturer.
Avoid exposure to extreme temperatures.

Containers:
Use approved containers made of compatible materials.
Check for leaks or damage in storage containers regularly.

Separation:
Store away from incompatible materials, including strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents, and reducing agents.

Handling Equipment:
Use dedicated equipment for handling to avoid cross-contamination.
Ensure all handling equipment is in good condition.

Security Measures:
Restrict access to storage areas.
Follow all applicable local regulations regarding the storage of hazardous materials.

Emergency Response:
Have emergency response equipment and materials readily available, including spill cleanup materials, fire extinguishers, and emergency eyewash stations.
2-ETHYL HEXYL ACRYLATE

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H18O2.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is an acrylate ester, which means it is derived from acrylic acid and forms a part of the acrylate family of chemicals.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is also known by its IUPAC name, which is "2-ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate."

CAS Number: 103-11-7
EC Number: 203-080-7



APPLICATIONS


2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in many industries:

Adhesives:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used as a key monomer in the production of acrylic adhesives, which are known for their strong bonding properties in various applications.

Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is widely employed in the formulation of coatings, paints, and varnishes to enhance their adhesion, flexibility, and durability.

Synthetic Polymers:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate serves as a vital comonomer in the synthesis of synthetic polymers and copolymers with tailored properties.

Emulsion Polymers:
In emulsion polymerization, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used to create water-based polymer dispersions for coatings, textiles, and paper.

Acrylic Resins:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is a key component in the production of acrylic resins, which find applications in paints, adhesives, and coatings.

Synthetic Rubbers:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is crucial in the manufacturing of synthetic rubbers, including acrylic rubber, which is used in various rubber products.

Sealants:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate contributes to the formulation of sealants used in construction and automotive applications for sealing joints and gaps.

Textiles:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used to impart water repellency and durability to textiles and fabrics.

Plastics:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in the production of plastic materials, including transparent plastics and impact-resistant plastics.

Inks:
In the printing industry, it is used in ink formulations to improve adhesion and flexibility on various surfaces.

Paper Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is applied to paper surfaces to enhance printability and reduce ink absorption.

Film and Foil Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in coatings for films and foils, offering protection and flexibility.

Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is a key component in pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations, used in tapes, labels, and stickers.

Wood Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in wood coatings to improve resistance to moisture, chemicals, and abrasion.

Automotive Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate contributes to automotive coatings, providing corrosion resistance and a glossy finish.

Flooring:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in the formulation of floor coatings for protection and aesthetics.

Electronics:
In the electronics industry, it is used in coatings for printed circuit boards (PCBs) and electronic components.

Construction:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in construction materials such as waterproofing membranes and concrete sealers.

Medical Adhesives:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in medical adhesives for applications like wound dressings and transdermal patches.

Packaging:
In the packaging industry, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in coatings for flexible packaging materials.

Agricultural Films:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in the production of agricultural films for crop protection and greenhouse applications.

Dental Materials:
In the dental field, it is used in the formulation of dental adhesives and restorative materials.

Textile Printing:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in textile printing inks to improve adhesion and colorfastness.

Automotive Interiors:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is employed in coatings and adhesives for automotive interior components, ensuring durability and aesthetics.

Marine Coatings:
The compound is used in marine coatings to protect ships and vessels from corrosion and fouling.

Textile Coatings: It is used in textile coatings to create water-resistant and protective finishes on fabrics and garments.

Inkjet Printing Inks: 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is utilized in inkjet printing inks to improve adhesion to printing substrates.

Plastic Films:
In the production of plastic films, it is used to enhance flexibility and durability, making the films suitable for packaging and wrapping applications.

Roof Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is an ingredient in roof coatings to provide weather resistance and extend the lifespan of roofing materials.

Caulks and Sealants:
In the construction industry, it is employed in caulks and sealants for filling gaps and joints, offering weatherproofing and flexibility.

Printing Plates:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in flexographic and gravure printing plates to enhance their durability and extend their service life.

Emulsion Adhesives:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in the formulation of emulsion adhesives for bonding various substrates, including paper, cardboard, and wood.

Wood Adhesives:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is added to wood adhesives for improved bonding strength and resistance to environmental factors.

Coating Additives:
In the coatings industry, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate serves as an essential additive to adjust the properties of coatings, including viscosity and flow characteristics.

Molded Products:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in the production of molded products, such as automotive parts and plastic containers, to improve their impact resistance.

Film Adhesives:
In aerospace and automotive applications, it is used in film adhesives for bonding composite materials.

Electroplating:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is employed in electroplating processes to enhance the adhesion of metal coatings to various substrates.

UV-Cured Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in UV-cured coatings, which offer rapid curing times and high-performance properties.

Screen Printing Inks:
In the screen printing industry, it is used in ink formulations to create durable prints on textiles, ceramics, and plastics.

Textured Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is added to textured coatings to provide a non-slip surface on walkways, decks, and industrial flooring.

Laminating Adhesives:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in laminating adhesives to bond multiple layers of materials, such as films and foils.

Packaging Adhesives:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is employed in packaging adhesives to seal cartons, boxes, and packaging materials securely.

Metal Coatings:
In the automotive and aerospace industries, it is used in metal coatings to provide corrosion resistance and durability.

Corrosion Inhibitors:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is included in corrosion inhibitor formulations to protect metal surfaces from corrosion.

Construction Sealants:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in construction sealants for sealing expansion joints and gaps in buildings and infrastructure.

Cable Compounds: 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in cable compounds to provide flexibility and resistance to environmental stress cracking.

Furniture Coatings:
In the furniture industry, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in wood coatings to enhance the appearance and durability of furniture pieces.

Foam Stabilizers:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is included in foam stabilizers to control the cell structure and stability of foam products.

Waterborne Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is employed in waterborne coatings, which are environmentally friendly alternatives to solvent-based coatings.

Industrial Flooring:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in industrial flooring systems to provide chemical resistance and durability in high-traffic areas.

Flexible Packaging:
In the flexible packaging industry, it is used to enhance the performance of films and laminates, providing barrier properties and flexibility.

Photopolymer Plates:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in photopolymer plates for flexographic printing, creating raised printing surfaces for various packaging applications.

Automotive Coating Additive:
In automotive coatings, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is added as an additive to improve adhesion, gloss, and weather resistance.

Architectural Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in architectural coatings for exterior and interior surfaces, providing durability and color retention.

Printing Blankets:
In the printing industry, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in the production of printing blankets to ensure consistent and high-quality prints.

Leather Finishes:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is applied in leather finishes to improve resistance to wear and abrasion, enhancing the appearance and durability of leather products.

Textile Sizing:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in textile sizing formulations to provide stiffness and ease of handling during weaving and subsequent processing.

Plasticizer Replacement:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate serves as a plasticizer replacement in PVC (polyvinyl chloride) formulations, reducing the environmental impact.

Metalworking Fluids:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is included in metalworking fluids as a lubricity additive to improve machining and cutting performance.

Electrical Insulation:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in electrical insulation materials, providing dielectric properties and flexibility.

Polymer Dispersions:
In the production of polymer dispersions, it aids in creating stable and uniform polymer particles.

Rubber Gloves:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in the manufacturing of rubber gloves, providing flexibility and resistance to chemicals.

Coating for Electronics:
In the electronics industry, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in conformal coatings to protect printed circuit boards (PCBs) and electronic components.

Anti-Graffiti Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is applied in anti-graffiti coatings to make surfaces easier to clean and maintain.

Pressure-Sensitive Tapes:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in the adhesive formulation for pressure-sensitive tapes, ensuring strong and long-lasting adhesion.

Aerospace Sealants:
In the aerospace industry, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in sealants to provide resistance to extreme temperature fluctuations and vibration.

Metal Adhesion Promoter:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate acts as an adhesion promoter in metal-to-metal bonding applications.

Automotive Interiors:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in automotive interior materials, such as dashboards and door panels, to enhance durability and aesthetics.

Waterproofing Membranes:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is included in waterproofing membranes for construction applications to prevent water infiltration.

Marine Sealants:
In the marine industry, it is used in sealants for boat and shipbuilding to provide water and weather resistance.

Thermal Insulation:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in thermal insulation materials for buildings and appliances, providing energy efficiency.

Anti-Corrosion Coatings:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is employed in anti-corrosion coatings for industrial equipment, pipelines, and structures.

Concrete Admixtures:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is included in concrete admixtures to improve workability and reduce water permeability.

Automotive Sound Deadening:
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in automotive sound deadening materials to reduce noise and vibrations inside vehicles.

Oilfield Chemicals:
In the oil and gas industry, it is used in oilfield chemicals for drilling and well stimulation applications.



DESCRIPTION


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H18O2.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is an acrylate ester, which means it is derived from acrylic acid and forms a part of the acrylate family of chemicals.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is also known by its IUPAC name, which is "2-ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate."

2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a clear, colorless liquid with a characteristic acrid odor.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is commonly used as a monomer in the production of various polymers and copolymers, particularly in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers and coatings.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate plays a significant role in the production of adhesives, paints, and coatings due to its ability to polymerize and form crosslinked networks, imparting desirable properties to these materials.
Additionally, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used in some chemical reactions and industrial processes.

2-Ethyl hexyl acrylate is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H18O2.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is a clear, colorless liquid at room temperature.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate has a characteristic acrid odor.
2-Ethyl hexyl acrylate belongs to the acrylate family and is derived from acrylic acid.

2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is also known by its IUPAC name, "2-ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate."
The chemical structure of 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate includes a prop-2-enoate functional group.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is commonly referred to by its abbreviation, "2-EHA."
2-Ethyl hexyl acrylate is a versatile monomer used in polymerization reactions.

2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is often used as a comonomer in the production of synthetic polymers and copolymers.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is particularly important in the production of synthetic rubbers.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate plays a key role in the manufacturing of adhesives, sealants, and coatings.

In the field of coatings, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate is used to improve paint and coating formulations.
2-ethyl hexyl acrylate contributes to the adhesion, flexibility, and durability of coatings.

2-ethyl hexyl acrylate can undergo polymerization reactions to form crosslinked polymer networks.
These networks impart desirable properties such as resilience and toughness.



PROPERTIES


Physical Properties:

Molecular Formula: C10H18O2
Molecular Weight: Approximately 170.25 g/mol
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Odor: Characteristic acrid odor
Density: About 0.88-0.90 g/cm³ at 20°C
Melting Point: -75°C (-103°F)
Boiling Point: Approximately 215-220°C (419-428°F)
Flash Point: 87°C (188.6°F) (closed cup)
Solubility: Insoluble in water; miscible with most organic solvents
Refractive Index: Approximately 1.433-1.438 at 20°C


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Structure: Contains a prop-2-enoate functional group
Monomer: It is commonly used as a monomer in polymerization reactions.
Polymerization: Undergoes polymerization to form crosslinked polymer networks.
Flammability: Flammable liquid; forms flammable vapor-air mixtures.
Vapor Pressure: Low vapor pressure.



FIRST AID


Inhalation:

If inhaled, immediately remove the affected person to fresh air.
If the person is not breathing or experiencing difficulty breathing, administer artificial respiration.
Seek medical attention promptly, even if symptoms seem mild, as delayed symptoms can occur.


Skin Contact:

Remove contaminated clothing and footwear.
Wash the affected skin area thoroughly with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If skin irritation, redness, or chemical burns develop, seek medical attention.
Discard contaminated clothing or wash it before reuse.


Eye Contact:

Rinse the eyes gently but thoroughly with lukewarm, clean water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek immediate medical attention if irritation, redness, pain, or visual disturbances persist.


Ingestion:

If swallowed, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth with water, but do not swallow.
Seek immediate medical attention or contact a poison control center.
Do not give anything by mouth to an unconscious or convulsing person.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, wear appropriate PPE, including chemical-resistant gloves, safety goggles or a face shield, a lab coat or chemical-resistant clothing, and chemical-resistant footwear.
Ensure that all PPE is in good condition.

Ventilation:
Use local exhaust ventilation or ensure good general ventilation to control airborne concentrations.
Avoid inhaling vapors.
Work in a well-ventilated area, and if working indoors, ensure the presence of an exhaust system to remove vapors and fumes.

Avoid Contact:
Avoid all skin and eye contact with the chemical.
In case of skin contact, promptly remove contaminated clothing and wash the affected area thoroughly with soap and water.
In case of eye contact, rinse eyes immediately with copious amounts of clean water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.

Storage Containers:
Store 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate in tightly sealed containers made of materials compatible with the chemical (e.g., glass, stainless steel, or polyethylene).
Ensure that containers are labeled with the appropriate hazard information and that they are properly sealed to prevent leaks or spills.

Avoid Mixing:
Avoid mixing 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate with incompatible substances, including strong acids, strong bases, and strong oxidizers.
Store chemicals separately to prevent accidental reactions.

Grounding and Bonding:
Use grounding and bonding procedures when transferring the chemical to prevent static electricity buildup, which could potentially cause ignition.


Storage:

Temperature:
Store 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from heat sources, open flames, and direct sunlight.
The storage temperature should be below the compound's boiling point, typically around room temperature.

Flammables Storage:
Store the chemical away from other flammable materials and combustibles.
Comply with local fire codes and regulations when storing flammable substances.

Separation:
Keep the chemical separated from strong oxidizers, strong acids, and incompatible substances to prevent chemical reactions and potential hazards.

Chemical Compatibility:
Ensure that the storage containers and materials used for handling and transfer are compatible with 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate to avoid chemical interactions.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the chemical's name, hazard information, and handling precautions. Use appropriate hazard labels and warnings.

Emergency Equipment:
Have appropriate emergency equipment on hand, such as eyewash stations, safety showers, and fire extinguishing equipment, in case of accidental exposure or fires.

Security:
Limit access to storage areas to authorized personnel only and ensure that they are aware of the hazards associated with the chemical.



SYNONYMS


Octyl acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate
Octyl 2-propenoate
EHA
Ethylhexyl acrylate
Octyl acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl ester of acrylic acid
Acrylic acid octyl ester
Acrylate C-8
2-EHA
Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate
2-Octyl acrylate
Octyl ester of acrylic acid
2-Octyl propenoate
Ethylhexyl acrylate
Caprylic acid acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl ethanoate
Octyl propenoate
Octyl 2-propenoate
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate ester
Octyl acrylic acid ester
Acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
Octyl α,β-unsaturated carboxylate
Octyl α,β-unsaturated acid ester
Ethylhexyl ester of acrylic acid
Acrylic acid octyl ester
Acrylate of 2-ethylhexanol
2-Ethylhexyl ester of propenoic acid
Octyl 2-propenoic acid ester
Octyl ester of 2-propenoic acid
Octyl ester of acrylate acid
2-Ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate
2-Ethylhexyl ester of 2-propenoic acid
Octyl 2-propenoate ester
Octyl α,β-unsaturated ester
Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate
Octyl acrylate ester
Octyl acrylic ester
Ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate
Octyl prop-2-enoate
2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate
Octyl α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid ester
2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoic acid ester
Ethylhexyl ester of 2-propenoic acid
Octyl ester of acrylic acid
Octyl ester of ethyl acrylate
Ethylhexyl α,β-unsaturated ester
Octyl propenoate
Octyl ester of vinyl carboxylic acid
Ethylhexyl 2-propenoic acid ester
Octyl 2-propenoic ester
2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate ester
Ethylhexyl ester of propenoic acid
Octyl 2-propenoate ester
Octyl α,β-unsaturated carboxylate ester
2-Ethylhexyl ester of acrylic acid
Octyl ethanoate
Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate ester
Octyl α,β-unsaturated carboxylic ester
2-Ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate ester
Octyl ester of 2-propenoic acid
Ethylhexyl ester of 2-propenoate acid
Octyl 2-propenoate ethyl ester
Octyl ester of ethenyl carboxylic acid



2-ETHYL HEXYL ACRYLATE
N° CAS : 29806-73-3; Nom INCI : ETHYLHEXYL PALMITATE; Nom chimique : Hexadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester; Octyl palmitate; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 249-862-1 Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau.Agent parfumant : Utilisé pour le parfum et les matières premières aromatiques2-EHP, Le 2-Ethyl Hexyl Palmitate est produit à partir d’acide palmitique dérivé de d’huile végétale et de 2-ethyl hexyl alcool.. Nom INCI : 2-ethyl hexyl palmitate. Liquide huileux incolore conforme aux normes :USP, BP & Ph Eur.. Il est composé d’esters de 2-éthylhexyle d’un mélange sélectionné d’acides gras, contenant principalement de l’ester de palmitate, conjointement avec des quantités moindres de myristate et stéarate. Les proportions spécifiques donnent des caractéristiques physiques similaires à celles de l’IPP (palmitate d’isopropyle).2-Ethylhexyl hexadecanoate. 2-ethylhexyl palmitate, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester; Ceraphyl 368; Ethylhexyl palmitate; hexadecanoic acid, 2-ethlhexyl ester; LINCOL 40; OP 2-ethylhexyl palmitate; 29806-73-3; Noms français : Palmitate d'octyle Palmitate de 2-éthylhexyle Noms anglais : 2-Ethylhexyl palmitate HEXADECANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER Octyl palmitate PALMITIC ACID, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER Utilisation et sources d'émission 1 Le palmitate d'octyle est principalement utilisé comme émollient dans l'industrie des cosmétiques.
2-Ethyl Hexyl Palmitate 
ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE; N° CAS : 22047-49-0; Nom INCI : ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE; N° EINECS/ELINCS : 244-754-0. Ses fonctions (INCI): Emollient : Adoucit et assouplit la peau2- EHS, Le 2-Ethyl Hexyl Stearate est produit à partir d’acide stéarique dérivé d’huile végétale et de 2-ethyl hexyl alcool.Nom INCI : 2-ethyl hexyl stearate. Liquide huileux incolore conforme aux normes :USP, BP & Ph Eur. Cet ester a des caractéristiques physiques similaires à celles de l’IPM (Myristate d’isopropyle).2-ethylhexyl stearate; Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester; 2-ethylhexyl octadecanoate
2-Ethyl Hexyl Stearate
SYNONYMS 2-Ethylcaproic acid; alpha-Ethylcaproic acid; Ethylhexanoic acid;Butyl(ethyl)acetic acid; 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid;CAS NO. 149-57-5
2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, with the chemical formula C8H16O2 and CAS registry number 149-57-5, is a compound widely used in various industrial applications.
Also known as 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.



CAS Number: 149-57-5
72377-05-0 S enantiomer
56006-48-5 R enantiomer
EC Number: 205-743-6
MDL number: MFCD00002675
Molecular Formula: C8H16O2 / CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)COOH
Chemical formula: C8H16O2



SYNONYMS:
⍺-ethylcaproic acid, ⍺-ethylhexanoic acid, 2-bubylbutanoic acid, butylethylacetic acid, 2-ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 2-ethylcaproic acid, ethylhexanoic acid, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, α-Ethylcaproic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, Hexonic acid, 2-ethyl-, ethylhexoic acid, (+/-)-2-ethylhexanoIC ACID, (+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID, (±)-2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 2-Ethyl-hexoic acid, 2-ethyl-hexoic acid, 2-Ethyl-hexonic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, 2-Ethylhexanoate, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID, 149-57-5, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-hexoic acid, 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, alpha-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-, alpha-ethyl caproic acid, .alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 61788-37-2, 01MU2J7VVZ, 2-EHA, 2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID,AR, DTXSID9025293, CHEBI:89058, NSC-8881, MFCD00002675, 2-ethylhexanoicacid, 2-Ethylhexansaeure, DTXCID805293, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, >=99%, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, analytical standard, CAS-149-57-5, 2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID, CCRIS 3348, HSDB 5649, NSC 8881, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, EINECS 205-743-6, (+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID, UNII-01MU2J7VVZ, α-Ethylcaproic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, NSC 8881, 2-ethylhexyl 2-ethylhexanoate, ETHYLHEXYL ETHYLHEXANOATE, 2-Ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexanoat, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, Dragoxate EH, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester, DRAGOXAT EH, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, Caproic acid,α-ethyl-, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, α-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Ethylhexanoic acid, α-Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, (±)-2-Ethylhexanoic acid, NSC 8881, Octylic acid, 83829-68-9, 202054-39-5 Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, Ethylhexanoic acid, 2-ETHYLCAPROIC ACID, 2-ethylhexanoic, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, CAPRYLIC ACID(SG), 2-ETHYLCAPRONIC ACID, (RS)-2-Ethylhexansαure, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, BRN 1750468, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, AI3-01371, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-, EINECS 262-971-9, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, 2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid, alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid, .alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid, EC 205-743-6, SCHEMBL25800, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 99%, MLS002415695, CHEMBL1162485, WLN: QVY4 & 2, NSC8881, HMS2267F21, STR05759, 2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID [HSDB], Tox21_201406, Tox21_300108, LMFA01020087, AKOS009031416, AT29893, CS-W016381, SB44987, SB44994, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester, NCGC00091324-01, NCGC00091324-02, NCGC00091324-03, NCGC00253985-01, NCGC00258957-01, SMR001252268, E0120, FT-0612273, FT-0654390, NS00010660, EN300-20410, Q209384, W-109079, F0001-0703, Z104478072, 18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material,



2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid will burn though 2-Ethylhexanoic acid may take some effort to ignite.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless viscous oil.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is supplied as a racemic mixture.
Other applications of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid include, catalyst for polymer production, raw material for acid chloride and fragrances.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, also called 2-EHA, is a commonly used organic compound, mainly to make lipophilic metal by-products that can dissolve in nonionic organic solvents.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid with the formula C8H16O2 with a generally high boiling point and mild odor.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a viscous and colorless oil with one carboxylic class found on a C8 carbon chain and is immiscible in water.
Industrially, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is manufactured using propylene, often generated from fossil fuels and other sources which are renewable.
In other words, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid can be more effectively manufactured than naphthenic acid.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid produces metallic compounds that undergo stoichiometry in the form of metal acetates.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid will burn though 2-Ethylhexanoic acid may take some effort to ignite.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, with the chemical formula C8H16O2 and CAS registry number 149-57-5, is a compound widely used in various industrial applications.
Also known as 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless viscous oil.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is supplied as a racemic mixture.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is found in grapes.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid belongs to the family of Branched Fatty Acids.


These are fatty acids containing a branched chain.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a branched-chain fatty acid.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
This carboxylic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, is widely used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid will burn though it may take some effort to ignite. It is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a branched-chain fatty acid.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a natural product found in Vitis vinifera and Artemisia arborescens with data available.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is found in fruits.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, also known as 2-ethylhexanoate or alpha-ethylcaproic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, also known as 2-ethylhexanoate or sinesto b, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
These are fatty acids with an aliphatic tail that contains between 4 and 12 carbon atoms.


Based on a literature review a small amount of articles have been published on 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is found in fruits.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is found in grapes.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 000 to < 100 000 tonnes per annum.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless, high boiling liquid having a mild odor.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colourless liquid.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a branched-chain fatty acid.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, also known as 2-ethylhexanoic acid or 2-EHA, is an industrial chemical.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid belongs to the family of Branched Fatty Acids.
These are fatty acids containing a branched chain.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
Automotive, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the production of corrosion inhibitors for automotive coolants.
Lubricants use of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid: 2-EHA is a major raw material for polyolesters used in synthetic lubricants.
Personal CareIn cosmetics, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to produce emollients.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.
Further, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.
In addition to this, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used as a reactant in esterification , decarboxylative alkynylation , and preparation of alkyl coumarins via decarboxylative coupling reactions.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used the production of polyvinylbutyral (PVB) plasticizers and polyvinylchloride (PVC) stabilizers in the form of metal salts.


Other applications of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid include, catalyst for polymer production, raw material for acid chloride and fragrances.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the production of corrosion inhibitors for automotive coolants.
Lubricants uses of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid: 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a major raw material for polyolesters used in synthetic lubricants.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.
Personal Care uses of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid: In cosmetics, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to produce emollients.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
For example, tin 2-ethylhexanoate is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).


Other release to the environment of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid, indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the following products: coating products.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.


Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).


Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and of substances in closed systems with minimal release.
Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the organocatalytic medium for the preparation of various 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones by Biginelli reaction.
P2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used paint and varnish driers (metallic salts).
Ethylhexoates of light metals are used to convert some mineral oils to greases.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid's esters are used as plasticizers.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the following products: anti-freeze products, laboratory chemicals and metal working fluids.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used Auto OEM


Cosmetic and personal care intermediate, Paints & coatings, and Pharmaceutical chemicals.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used the production of polyvinylbutyral (PVB) plasticizers and polyvinylchloride (PVC) stabilizers in the form of metal salts.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is primarily utilized as a precursor in the production of esters for artificial flavors and perfumes.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid serves as a plasticizer in the manufacturing of PVC and other polymers, enhancing their flexibility and durability.
Additionally, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid finds application as a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids and as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
Its versatile nature and compatibility with numerous materials make 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid a valuable ingredient in many formulations across industries such as cosmetics, paints, and lubricants.


2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid can be used as a substitute for naphthenic acid in some applications.
In most cases, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid derivatives are used in industrial and organic chemical applications.
The ethyl hexanoate complexes also serve as catalysts in oxidation reactions and polymerizations (as oil drying agents).


As a versatile chemical intermediate, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid has multiple applications, including the following.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used intermediate for metal soap, plasticizer, detergent, alkyd resin, acid chloride and cosmetics.


-Coatings use of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the synthesis of alkyd resins provides improved yellowing resistanct than the standard fatty acids.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is particularly suitable for stoving enamels and two-component coatings.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is also used as a raw material for metal based paint driers.


-Automotive uses of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used to produce corrosion inhibitors for lubricants and automotive coolants.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid also serves as a wood preservative and makes lubricant additives as well as synthetic lubricants.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is also used in the production of PVC heat stabilizers, PVB film plasticizers, metal soaps for paint driers, and other chemicals.


-Coatings uses of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is used in the synthesis of alkyd resins provides improved yellowing resistanct than the standard fatty acids.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is particularly suitable for stoving enamels and two-component coatings.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is also used as a raw material for metal based paint driers.


-Lubricants use of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is commonly used in esters in Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film plasticizers and as a raw material for polyesters applied in synthetic oils.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid’s metal salts are used to prepare synthetic lubricant additives used in various industrial lubricant applications.


-Coatings use of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is widely used in coating applications to enhance performance and resistance.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid produces alkyd resins that help improve yellowing resistance better than ordinary fatty acids.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is ideal for stoving enamels and 2-component coatings.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid can also be used in other applications, including the catalyst for polyurethane, wood preservatives, and pharmaceuticals.


-Plastics use of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is also used in manufacturing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilizers and Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) plasticizers in the form of metal salts.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid reacts with metallic components like manganese and cobalt to produce metallic salt derivatives.


-Cosmetics use of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid:
The chemicals in 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid are reported to have cosmetic use in producing emollients and skin conditioners.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is widely used in hair care products, hand creams, face creams, body lotions, and make-up products like foundation, concealer, and hair care products.



PRODUCTION OF 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-ethylhexenal, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.



METAL ETHYLHEXANOATES OF 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.
They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents."

They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.
These metal complexes are often described as salts.
They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes.

Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.
Examples of metal ethylhexanoates
Hydroxyl aluminium bis(2-ethylhexanoate), used as a thickener

Tin(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 301-10-0), a catalyst for polylactide and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
Cobalt(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 136-52-7), a drier for alkyd resins Nickel(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 4454-16-4).



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
*Branched fatty acids
*Fatty acids containing a branched chain.
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives
*Carbonyl compounds



SUBSTITUENTS OF 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
*Medium-chain fatty acid
*Branched fatty acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Carbonyl group
*Aliphatic acyclic compound



PREPARATION OF 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
In a dry 1L three-neck bottle, Add isooctyl aldehyde (80g, 0.62mol) And the solvent 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid (240g, 1.66mol), ligand L8 (5.24mg, 0.007mmol), cesium carbonate (18.24mg, 0.056mmol), potassium acetate 160mg, placed in a water bath, mechanical under nitrogen atmosphere Stir, after the temperature rises to 30 ° C, Air flow was started at a flow rate of 11.9 g/h, and the reaction temperature was maintained at 30-35 ° C by adding cooling water to the water bath.

After 6 hours of reaction, the conversion of isooctyl aldehyde was calculated to be 99.6%.
The selectivity of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid was 99.5%, and the yield was 99.10%.



HOW IS 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID USED?
A major use of 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is in the preparation of metal salts and soaps used as drying agents in paint and inks, and as thermal stabilizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is also used in the manufacture of resins used in automobile windshields and vinyl flooring.
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is not manufactured in Canada, but it is imported into Canada.



PRODUCTION OF 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-ethylhexenal, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.

Metal ethylhexanoates:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.

They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents."
They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.
These metal complexes are often described as salts.

They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes.
Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.

Examples of metal ethylhexanoates:
Hydroxyl aluminium bis(2-ethylhexanoate), used as a thickener
Tin(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 301-10-0), a catalyst for polylactide and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).

Cobalt(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 136-52-7), a drier for alkyd resins
Nickel(II) ethylhexanoate (CAS# 4454-16-4)



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.
They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.

Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.
Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.

Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
The pH of solutions of carboxylic acids is therefore less than 7.0.
Many insoluble carboxylic acids react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

Carboxylic acids in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid carboxylic acids as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

Carboxylic acids, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids. Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.
Carboxylic acids, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.

Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Like other organic compounds, carboxylic acids can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.
These reactions generate heat.

A wide variety of products is possible.
Like other acids, carboxylic acids may initiate polymerization reactions; like other acids, they often catalyze (increase the rate of) chemical reactions.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
Chemical formula: C8H16O2
Molar mass: 144.214 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 903 mg/mL
Melting point: -59.00 °C; -74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point: 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K
log P: 2.579
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 4.819
Basicity (pKb): 9.178
Refractive index (nD): 1.425
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): -635.1 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): -4.8013–4.7979 MJ/mol
Flash point: 260°F

Specific gravity: 0.903
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 1.04% at 275°F
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 8.64% at 370.4°F
Water Solubility: 2.07 g/L
logP: 2.61
logP: 2.8
logS: -1.8
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 5.14
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2
Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 40.25 m³·mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 16.99 ų

Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Chemical Formula: C8H16O2
IUPAC name: 2-ethylhexanoic acid
InChI Identifier: InChI=1S/C8H16O2/c1-3-5-6-7(4-2)8(9)10/h7H,3-6H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10)
InChI Key: OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Isomeric SMILES: CCCCC(CC)C(O)=O
Average Molecular Weight: 144.2114
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight: 144.115029756

Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.89300 to 0.91300 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est): 7.431 to 7.597
Refractive Index: 1.42000 to 1.42600 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -59.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 220.00 to 223.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.030000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 4.98 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 244.00 °F. TCC ( 117.78 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.640
Soluble in alcohol and water, 2000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
Insoluble in water

Chemical formula: C8H16O2
Molar mass: 144.214 g•mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 903 mg mL−1
Melting point: −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point: 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K
log P: 2.579
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 4.819
Basicity (pKb): 9.178
Refractive index (nD): 1.425
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −635.1 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): -4.8013–4.7979 MJ mol−1
Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.89300 to 0.91300 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.431 to 7.597

Refractive Index: 1.42000 to 1.42600 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -59.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 220.00 to 223.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.030000 mmHg @ 20.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 4.98 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: 244.00 °F. TCC ( 117.78 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.640
Soluble in: alcohol, water, 2000 mg/L @ 20 °C (exp)
Insoluble in: water
Molecular Weight: 144.21 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Exact Mass: 144.115029749 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.115029749 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 37.3Ų

Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 99.4
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Water Solubility: 2.07 g/L
logP: 2.61
logP: 2.8
logS: -1.8
pKa (Strongest Acidic): 5.14
Physiological Charge: -1
Hydrogen Acceptor Count: 2

Hydrogen Donor Count: 1
Polar Surface Area: 37.3 Ų
Rotatable Bond Count: 5
Refractivity: 40.25 m³•mol⁻¹
Polarizability: 16.99 ų
Number of Rings: 0
Bioavailability: Yes
Rule of Five: Yes
Ghose Filter: No
Veber's Rule: Yes
MDDR-like Rule: No
Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: -59 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range: 228 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Upper explosion limit: 6,7 %(V)
Lower explosion limit: 0,9 %(V)
Flash point: 114 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 3 at 1,4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 2,7 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure 13 hPa at 115 °C: < 0,01 hPa at 20 °C

Density: 0,903 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapo density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 4,98 - (Air = 1.0)
Chemical formula: C8H16O2
Molar mass: 144.214 g•mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 903 mg mL−1
Melting point: −59.00 °C; −74.20 °F; 214.15 K
Boiling point: 228.1 °C; 442.5 °F; 501.2 K

log P: 2.579
Vapor pressure: Acidity (pKa): 4.819
Basicity (pKb): 9.178
Refractive index (nD) 1.425
Melting point: -59 °C
Boiling point: 228 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.906
vapor density: 4.98 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.425(lit.)
Flash point: 230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 1.4g/l
form: Liquid

pka: pK1:4.895 (25°C)
color: Clear
PH: 3 (1.4g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Mild odour
PH Range: 3 at 1.4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity: 7.73 cps
explosive limit: 1.04%, 135°F
Water Solubility: 2 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1750468
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable.
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.7 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 149-57-5(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 2

FDA UNII: 01MU2J7VVZ
NIST Chemistry Reference: Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-(149-57-5)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (149-57-5)
Molecular Weight:293.40
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:6
Rotatable Bond Count:11
Exact Mass:293.22022309
Monoisotopic Mass:293.22022309
Topological Polar Surface Area:101
Heavy Atom Count:20
Complexity:155
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:2
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent and neutralising material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Viton
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 240 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ETHYL-1-HEXANOIC ACID:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available

2-ETHYL-1-OCTANOL
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is an organic compound with formula C8H18O.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.

CAS Number: 20592-10-3
Molecular Formula: C10H22O
Molecular Weight: 158.28
EINECS Number: 243-898-1

2-Ethyloctan-1-ol, 20592-10-3, 1-Octanol, 2-ethyl-, EINECS 243-898-1, (-)-2-ethyl-1-octanol, SCHEMBL503146, DTXSID10942780, HTRVTKUOKQWGMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N, AKOS015401177, NS00050106, E76345, EN300-7354157.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is produced on a large scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is encountered in plants, fruits, and wines.
The odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer.

The branching in 2-Ethyl-1-octanol inhibits crystallization.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol are similarly affected, which together with low volatility, is the basis of applications in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a fatty alcohol, its esters have emollient properties.

Representative is the diester 2-Ethyl-1-octanol, commonly used in PVC.
The triester 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is another common plasticizer produced via the esterification of three 2-ethylhexanol per trimellitic acid.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol can also be used as a cetane improver when reacted with nitric acid.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce 2-Ethyl-1-octanol which is then used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol can be used in the development of photos, production of rubber and extraction of oil and gas.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde.
About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually.
The 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility.

Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-Ethyl-1-octanol.
Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols.
The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor and is slightly soluble in water.
However, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol dissolves well in most other organic solvents.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is also referred to as octanol.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a solvent with a low volatility.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used as a flavor, fragrance and plasticizer.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used to prepare diesters bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol reacts with nitric acid and used as an octane booster.
Its ester, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a component of sunscreen octocrylene.
Further, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used as a low volatility solvent for resins, animal fats, waxes, vegetable oils and petroleum derivatives.

In addition to this, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in plasticizer, dioctyl phthalate, which is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride products.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol, also known as n-octanol, is an organic compound that is colorless and transparent oily liquid with a strong greasy and citrus smell.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is immiscible with water, but miscible with ethanol.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is mainly used to prepare dioctyl phthalate, dioctyl terephthalate, octyl acrylate, dioctyl azelaate, dioctyl sebacate and other products; Plasticizers, antifreeze agents, lubricants, extractants, dispersants, stabilizers, fragrances and other products are used in refined oil, plastics, coatings, printing and dyeing, food processing, cosmetics and other fields.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a fully synthetic, branched primary alcohol with an alcohol-like smell.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is of little importance as a solvent.
The majority is chemically processed.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol occurs naturally in oregano (Origanum vulgare) and harp bushes (Plecranthus coleoides).

2-Ethyl-1-octanol forms two enantiomers , (R)-2-ethylhexanol and the mirror image (S)-2-ethylhexanol.
If 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is mentioned without a stereochemical descriptor , what is usually meant is the racemate , a 1:1 mixture of both isomers.
The starting material for the production of racemic 2-ethylhexanol is propene , which is produced alongside ethene during steam cracking .

The propene is first reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in a hydroformylation reaction to produce butanal (butyraldehyde).
This in turn reacts in an aldol addition to form 2-ethyl-3-hydroxyhexanal.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes.2-Ethylhexanol (abbreviated 2-EH) is a branched, eight-carbon chiral alcohol.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is produced on a massive scale (>2,000,000,000 kg/y) for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is encountered in natural plant fragrances, and the odor has been reported as "heavy, earthy, and slightly floral" for the R enantiomer and "a light, sweet floral fragrance" for the S enantiomer.

The branching in 2-Ethyl-1-octanol inhibits its crystallization due to packing disruption; this results in a very low freezing point.
Esters of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol are similarly affected and it therefore finds application as a feedstock in the production of plasticizers and lubricants, where its presence helps reduce viscosity and lower freezing points.
Almost all 2-Ethyl-1-octanol manufactured is used as a precursor for the synthesis of the diester bis, a plasticizer.

Because it is a fatty alcohol, its esters tend to have emollient properties.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is also commonly used as a low volatility solvent.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group at position 2.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is an important organic compound that is primarily used as a plasticizer.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol can be used to help manufacturers defoam varnishes, paints, and ceramics, and be used as a low volatility solvent in the production of coatings and lacquer.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is the general name for the aliphatic saturated alcohols with 8 carbon atoms and the chemical formula C8H17OH.
There are 89 isomers, but in the narrower sense the name refers to 2-Ethyl-1-octanol on the linear chain.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a clear, uniform, nontoxic liquid with a characteristic odor, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvent.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is obtained indirectly in OXO synthesis from propylene and synthesis gas.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H22O.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol belongs to the class of organic compounds known as fatty alcohols, which are aliphatic alcohols derived from natural fats or oils.
In the case of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol, it is an eight-carbon alcohol with an ethyl group attached to the second carbon atom.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is often used in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers, which are substances that help stabilize and disperse immiscible liquids.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol can be employed as a component in lubricant formulations due to its chemical properties and low volatility.
In some cases, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used as a plasticizer, a substance added to plastics to increase their flexibility, durability, and ease of processing.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is utilized in various industrial processes, including the manufacturing of cleaning agents, metalworking fluids, and other chemical products.

As with any chemical, it's important to handle 2-Ethyl-1-octanol with care and follow safety guidelines.
This includes using appropriate protective equipment and ensuring proper ventilation when working with the substance.

Melting point: -1.53°C (estimate)
Boiling point: 213.4°C (estimate)
Density: 0.8454 (estimate)
refractive index: 1.4360
pka: 15.09±0.10(Predicted)
LogP: 3.740 (est)

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is suitable for use in a study to compare its susceptibilities of dynamic heat capacity and dielectric polarization under isothermal conditions.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used to study lipase-catalyzed transesterification (alcoholysis) of rapeseed oil and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in the absence of solvent.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used in broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies of the polyalcohols- glycerol, xylitol and sorbitol.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used in the preparation of porous beads.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a colorless, viscous liquid with an odor of ether.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is soluble in water, alcohols and glycerol.

This chemical has a boiling point of 114°C and a molecular weight of 98.18 g/mol.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used as a solvent in pharmaceutical preparations, as well as in wastewater treatment due to its ability to remove organic impurities such as fatty acids, hydrogen sulfide and phenols.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol can also be used to create laminates and polymer films that are resistant to heat and water.

The ester hydrochloride form of this chemical has been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a clear high-boiling point and low volatility solvent, uniform, nontoxic liquid with a characteristic odor, insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvent.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is obtained indirectly in OXO synthesis from propylene (C3H6) and synthesis gas (CO + H2)

2-Ethyl-1-octanol can also be used as a cetane number booster when reacted with nitric acid.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol also used to react with epichlorohydrin and sodium hydroxide to produce the glycidyl ether of the molecule which is used as an epoxy reactive diluent in various coatings, adhesives and sealants applications.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is produced industrially by the aldol condensation of n-butyraldehyde, followed by hydrogenation of the resulting hydroxyaldehyde.

About 2,500,000 tons are prepared in this way annually.
The n-butyraldeheyde is made by hydroformylation of propylene, either in a self-contained plant or as the first step in a fully integrated facility.
Most facilities make n-butanol and isobutanol in addition to 2-Ethyl-1-octanol.

Alcohols prepared in this way are sometimes referred to as oxo alcohols.
The overall process is very similar to that of the Guerbet reaction, by which it may also be produced.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol exhibits low toxicity in animal models, with LD50 ranging from 2-3 g/kg (rat).

Although isooctanol (and the derived isooctyl prefix) is commonly used in industry to refer to 2-Ethyl-1-octanol and its derivatives, IUPAC naming conventions dictate that this name is properly applied to another isomer of octanol, 6-methylheptan-1-ol.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a primary alcohol that is hexan-1-ol substituted by an ethyl group at position 2.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol has a role as a volatile oil component and a plant metabolite.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is found in alcoholic beverages2-Ethylhexanol occurs in corn, olive oil, tobacco, tea, rice, tamarind, grapes, blueberries etc.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is an eight-carbon branched chain oxo alcohol having a high boiling point and slow evaporation rate.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a versatile solvent featuring excellent reactivity as a chemical intermediate.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol serves as a chain terminator in synthesizing condensation polymers and as an intermediate for plasticizers.
2-Ethylhexanol has low volatility and enhances the flow and gloss of baking enamels.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is also used as dispersing agent for pigment pastes.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is suitable for use in a study to compare its susceptibilities of dynamic heat capacity and dielectric polarization under isothermal conditions.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used to study lipase-catalyzed transesterification (alcoholysis) of rapeseed oil and 2-Ethyl-1-octanol in the absence of solvent.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used in broadband dielectric spectroscopy studies of the polyalcohols- glycerol, xylitol and sorbitol.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used in the preparation of porous beads.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a colorless liquid that is poorly soluble in water but soluble in most organic solvents.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is produced on a massive scale for use in numerous applications such as solvents, flavors, and fragrances and especially as a precursor for production of other chemicals such as emollients and plasticizers.

Solvent used below 10% in organic coating formulations when a late evaporating polar tail solvent is required.
Also called isooctanol or isooctyl alcohol.
Reported found 2-Ethylhexanol in papaya, peach, pear, blackberry, strawberry, cabbage, Parmesan and mozzarella cheese, butter, roasted chicken, cognac, sherry, grape wines, tea, avocado, kiwifruit, crab and clam.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is the most important C8 alcohol and is used mainly in manufacturing plasticizers.
Other minor uses include the manufacturing of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, as a dispersing agent and wetting agent, as a solvent for gums and resins, as a cosolvent for nitrocellulose, and in ceramics, paper coatings, rubber latex, textiles, and fragrances.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a dark brown liquid with an aromatic odor.

Insoluble in water and less dense than water.
Flash point between 140 - 175°F. Freezing point: -76 °C . Standard heat of formation = -103.46 kcal/mol at 25 °C.
Separated from strong oxidants and strong bases.

Store in an area without drain or sewer access.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is an alcohol.
Flammable and/or toxic gases are generated by the combination of alcohols with alkali metals, nitrides, and strong reducing agents.

They react with oxoacids and carboxylic acids to form esters plus water.
Oxidizing agents convert them to aldehydes or ketones.
Alcohols exhibit both weak acid and weak base behavior.

They may initiate the polymerization of isocyanates and epoxides.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents and strong acids.
High-boiling point, low-volatility solvent for fats, waxes, dyes and insecticides.

Starting material for the manufacture of plasticizers, lubricants and other chemical products such as raw materials for paints and coatings.
Reactivity with Water No reaction.Stability During Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is a clear, mobile and neutral liquid with a characteristic odour.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is miscible with most common organic solvents but its miscibility with water is very limited.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol can undergo various chemical reactions to produce derivatives.
For example, it can be esterified to form esters, which can have different applications in the chemical industry.

The synthesis of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol typically involves the reaction of octene with ethyl alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst.
This process is a common method for obtaining alcohols with specific structures.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is generally considered to have low toxicity, it's essential to consider its impact on the environment.

Like many organic compounds, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol should be handled and disposed of responsibly to minimize environmental impact.
As with any chemical, regulatory agencies in different regions may have guidelines and regulations regarding the use, production, and disposal of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol's important for industries to comply with these regulations to ensure safety and environmental responsibility.
Ongoing research in the field of chemistry may explore new applications or modifications of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol, driven by the need for more sustainable and efficient processes in various industries.

Uses:
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in the synthesis of biogasoline from ethanol over hydroxyapatite catalyst.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in the following products: fuels, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and lubricants and greases.
Other release to the environment of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid, indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners), indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters) and outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids).

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in the following products: coating products, lubricants and greases, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, hydraulic fluids, fuels, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products) and washing & cleaning products.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, printing and recorded media reproduction, health services and scientific research and development.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.

Other release to the environment of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid, outdoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. hydraulic liquids in automotive suspension, lubricants in motor oil and break fluids), indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and indoor use in close systems with minimal release (e.g. cooling liquids in refrigerators, oil-based electric heaters).
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in the following products: coating products, inks and toners, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, lubricants and greases and plant protection products.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, in processing aids at industrial sites and manufacturing of the substance.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in the following products: coating products, lubricants and greases, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay and hydraulic fluids.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in the following areas: mining.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.
Release to the environment of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, of substances in closed systems with minimal release, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and formulation of mixtures.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used as a flavor, fragrance and plasticizer.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used to prepare diesters bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol reacts with nitric acid and used as an octane booster.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is ester, 2-ethylhexyl ester is a component of sunscreen octocrylene.
Further, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used as a low volatility solvent for resins, animal fats, waxes, vegetable oils and petroleum derivatives.
In addition to this, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used in plasticizer, dioctyl phthalate, which is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride products.

Mainly used in the production of plasticizers, the main products are: dioctyl benzoate (DOP), dioctyl ethylenediate (DOA), trioctyl benzoate (TOTM), esters of binary carboxylic acids such as phthalic acid, nonaric acid and sebacic acid, and cold-resistant auxiliary plasticizers.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol can be used as an antifoaming agent for white latex, but its foam breaking and anti-foaming ability is poor.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used to configure the mixed solvent for nitrocellulose spray painting, can prevent the paint film white.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is an excellent solvent and can be used for paper sizing, latex and photography.
Also used in the production of surfactants, dispersants, lubricants, emulsifiers, antioxidants, mineral processing agents, mercerizing agents and petroleum additives.
As a permitted spice, it is also commonly used in baked goods, frozen dairy products and puddings.

In a few cases, ethylhexanol is used as a solvent for non-polar substances.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is esterified with phthalic acid or adipic acid.
The resulting diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) or diethylhexyl adipate (DEHA) is used as a plasticizer in plastics, mostly PVC.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol is also reacted with ethylene oxide and used as a nonionic surfactant.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol , which is used , for example, as a solubilizer.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol , which is used, for example, as a monomer for polyacrylates.

2-Ethyl-1-octanols are used to internally soften polymers, especially polyacrylates.
The glass transition temperature usually decreases as the molar proportion of 2-ethylhexyesters increases.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is used as a raw material for fragrances, surfactants, plasticizers for synthetic resins, cosmetic solvents and food additives.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol can also be used in rose-based flavors, lubricants, stabilizers, printing ink solvents and ester raw materials such as octyl acetate.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is commonly used in the production of surfactants and emulsifiers.
These compounds play a crucial role in stabilizing and dispersing immiscible liquids, making them useful in a wide range of industries, including cleaning products, agriculture, and oil recovery.

The compound is employed in the formulation of lubricants.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is properties make it suitable for enhancing the performance of lubricating oils, ensuring smoother operation and reduced friction in various machinery and automotive applications.
In some cases, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used as a plasticizer.

Plasticizers are additives incorporated into plastics to improve their flexibility, durability, and ease of processing during manufacturing.
Due to its solvent properties and mild odor, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol is utilized in the formulation of industrial cleaning agents.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol can help dissolve and remove various types of contaminants and residues.

The compound is sometimes incorporated into metalworking fluids, where it can act as a component that improves the cutting and machining processes in metal industries.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol may find applications in the flavor and fragrance industry, contributing to the creation of specific scents or flavors.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other compounds, such as esters, which can have applications in different industries.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is properties can contribute to the adhesive's viscosity and improve its performance.
In the paint and coatings industry, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol can serve as a component to modify the rheological properties of formulations, improving their application and spreading characteristics.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol might find applications in the textile industry, particularly in the production of textile auxiliaries or treatments, where its surfactant properties can be beneficial.
Due to its solubility and compatibility with certain ink formulations, it may be used in the production of inks for printing applications.
In some cases, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used as a component in fuel additives to enhance the performance of fuels, such as improving combustion efficiency or reducing emissions.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol might be included in the formulation of personal care products such as lotions, creams, or hair care products, contributing to the overall texture and feel of the product.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is surfactant properties can be beneficial in water treatment applications, helping to disperse or emulsify certain substances for easier removal.
In the mining industry, 2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used as a flotation agent in mineral processing to separate valuable minerals from ore.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol could potentially serve as an intermediate or additive in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol may be used in the polymer industry as a processing aid or modifier in the production of specific types of polymers.

Health effects:
2-Ethyl-1-octanol exhibits low toxicity in animal models, with LD50 ranging from 2-3 g/kg (rat).
2-Ethyl-1-octanol has been identified as a cause of indoor air quality related health problems, such as respiratory system irritation, as a volatile organic compound.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol is emitted to air from a PVC flooring installed on concrete that had not been dried properly.

2-Ethyl-1-octanol has been linked to developmental toxicity (increased incidence of skeletal malformations in fetuses).
This is thought to be a result of metabolism of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol into 2-ethylhexanoic acid via oxidation of the primary alcohol.
The teratogenicity of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol, as well as similar substances such as valproic acid, has been well established.

When inhaled, coughing, dizziness, headache, sore throat and fatigue may occur.
Skin and eyes may become irritated.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol forms flammable vapor-air mixtures at elevated temperatures.

With a flash point of 73 °C, the substance is considered flame-retardant.
The explosion range is between approx.
The ignition temperature is 270 °C.

The material therefore falls into temperature class T3.
2-Ethyl-1-octanol was included in the Community Rolling Action Plan (CoRAP ) in 2014 by the EU in accordance with Regulation (EC) No.
The effects of the substance on human health and the environment are reassessed and, if necessary, follow-up measures are initiated.

The reasons for the inclusion of 2-Ethyl-1-octanol were concerns regarding consumer use , high (aggregated) tonnage, high risk characterization ratio (RCR) and widespread use, as well as the dangers arising from possible assignment to the group of CMR substances.
The reassessment took place from 2014 and was carried out by Poland.
A final report was then published.

2-Ethylhexanal
2-ethyl hexanal; 2-Ethylcapronaldehyde; 2-Ethylhexylaldehyde; 2-Ethylcapronaldehyde; 2-Ethylhexylaldehyde; 2-ethyl-hexanal; Butyl ethyl acetaldehyde; alpha-Ethylcaproaldehyde; Ethylhexaldehyde; 2-Ethylhexanal; beta-Propyl-alpha-ethylacrolein; a-ethylcaproaldehyde; butyl ethyl acetaldehyde; hexanal, 2-ethyl-; OCTYLALDEHYDE CAS NO:123-05-7
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, ?-Ethylcaproic acid; 2-Ethylcaproic acid; alpha-Ethylcaproic acid; Ethylhexanoic acid; Butyl(ethyl)acetic acid; 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid;propionic acid CAS NO: 149-57-5
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID (2-EHA)
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is a carboxylic acid with the formula C8H16O2 with a generally high boiling point and mild odor.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid is slightly soluble in water.

CAS Number: 149-57-5
Molecular Formula: C8H16O2
Molecular Weight: 144.21
EINECS No: 205-743-6

2-Ethylhexanoic acid, also called 2-EHA, is a commonly used organic compound, mainly to make lipophilic metal by-products that can dissolve in nonionic organic solvents.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) will burn though 2-Ethylhexanoic acid may take some effort to ignite.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid is corrosive to metals and tissue.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a carboxylic acid.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is a clear liquid with a mild odour.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
An organic compound, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is an aliphatic carboxylic acid with uses in both industrial and consumer products.
It is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a colorless viscous oil.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is supplied as a racemic mixture.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.

These 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.
They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents.
They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid is a versatile carboxylic acid that is commonly used in a variety of industrial applications.
When reacted with certain metals, it forms salts that are widely used as additives in paint and plasticizer formulations, as well as in the production of paint and lacquer dryers and PVC stabilizers.

The esters of 2-Ethylhexanoic acid, particularly those obtained by glycols, tri glycols, and polyethylene glycols, are known for their lubricant properties.
They are excellent plasticizers for PVC, nitrocellulose, chlorinated rubber, and polypropylene.
These properties make 2-Ethylhexanoic acid a popular choice in producing various chemicals and materials in the industry.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is a viscous and colorless oil with one carboxylic class found on a C8 carbon chain and is immiscible in water.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can be used as a substitute for naphthenic acid in some applications.
Industrially, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is manufactured using propylene, often generated from fossil fuels and other sources which are renewable.

In other words, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can be more effectively manufactured than naphthenic acid.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) produces metallic compounds that undergo stoichiometry in the form of metal acetates.
In most cases, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) derivatives are used in industrial and organic chemical applications.

The 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) complexes also serve as catalysts in oxidation reactions and polymerizations (as oil drying agents).
As a versatile chemical intermediate, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) has multiple applications, including the following.

Melting point: -59 °C
Boiling point: 228 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.906
vapor density: 4.98 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.425(lit.)
Flash point: 230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 1.4g/l
form: Liquid
pka: pK1:4.895 (25°C)
color:Clear
PH: 3 (1.4g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Mild odour
PH Range:3 at 1.4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity:7.73 cps
explosive limit: 1.04%, 135°F
Water Solubility: 2 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1750468
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
LogP: 2.7 at 25℃

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (EHXA, 2-EHA) is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.
The presence of the branched structure in 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can influence the properties of the products it's used to create, providing specific advantages in terms of viscosity, volatility, and other factors.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA)is considered harmful if ingested, inhaled, or if it comes into contact with skin and eyes.
As with any chemical, proper safety precautions must be followed when handling and working with 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA).
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is regulated by various health and safety agencies due to its potential hazards.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA)'s important to follow the relevant regulations and guidelines when using this compound.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can be synthesized through the reaction of n butyraldehyde with isobutene in the presence of acids or acid catalysts.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA), also known as 2-ethylcaproic acid, is a carboxylic acid with the chemical formula C8H16O2.
It is an organic compound that is commonly used in various industrial applications, particularly in the production of chemicals, polymers, and coatings.

In the production of coatings and resins, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA)-based materials contribute to the formulation of products with diverse properties.
Alkyd resins, for example, are widely used in the paint and coatings industry due to their ability to provide excellent adhesion, gloss, and durability.

The use of 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) in coatings also helps to create formulations with good flow, leveling, and film-forming propertie
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is a saturated carboxylic acid with a branched hydrocarbon chain.
The "2-ethyl" part of its name indicates the presence of an ethyl group (CH3CH2) on the second carbon atom of the hydrocarbon chain.

Production
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-ethylhexenal, which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.

Uses
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
For example, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).
It is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.
Further, it is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.
In addition to this, it serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is used in the following products: coating products, laboratory chemicals, lubricants and greases and metal working fluids.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).

One of the primary applications of 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is as a precursor in the production of plasticizers.
Plasticizers are additives used in the plastics industry to improve the flexibility, durability, and processing characteristics of polymers.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is commonly used to synthesize esters that function as plasticizers in various polymer formulations.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is used as a building block in the production of coatings, paints, and resins.
It can be polymerized to create binders and resins that are utilized in architectural coatings, industrial coatings, and other applications.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can be reacted with various metals to form metal salts, which are used as catalysts in different chemical reactions.
Additionally, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA)s esters have applications in various industries, such as in the production of lubricants and cosmetics.

In some cases, 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) derivatives are used as intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is used to produce corrosion inhibitors for lubricants and automotive coolants.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) also serves as wood preservatives and makes lubricant additives as well as synthetic lubricants.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is also used in the production of PVC heat stabilizers, PVB film plasticizers, metal soaps for paint driers, and other chemicals.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is a crucial precursor for the production of phthalate-free plasticizers.

The esters derived from 2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) are used to make plastic materials more flexible, resilient, and suitable for various applications like PVC products, automotive parts, and construction materials.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA)'s used to create alkyd resins and coatings that find applications in paints, varnishes, inks, and adhesives.
These coatings provide durable protection and glossy finishes for surfaces.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can be converted into metal salts, such as cobalt and manganese salts, which are used as catalysts in various chemical reactions, including polymerization and oxidation processes.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) are used as additives in lubricants to enhance performance by reducing friction, improving wear resistance, and providing thermal stability.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) derivatives are used in personal care products like cosmetics, skincare, and hair care items as emollients, emulsifiers, and conditioning agents.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is commonly used in esters in Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film plasticizers and as a raw material for polyesters applied in synthetic oils.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA)’s metal salts are used to prepare synthetic lubricant additives used in various industrial lubricant applications.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is widely used in coating applications to enhance performance and resistance.
It produces alkyd resins that help improve yellowing resistance better than ordinary fatty acids.
This monomer is ideal for stoving enamels and 2-component coatings.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can also be used in other applications, including the catalyst for polyurethane, wood preservatives, and pharmaceuticals.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) are reported to have cosmetic use to produce emollients and skin conditioners.
It is widely used in hair care products, hand creams, face creams, body lotions, and make-up products like foundation, concealer, and hair care products.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is also used in manufacturing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilizers and Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) plasticizers in the form of metal salts.
It reacts with metallic components like manganese and cobalt to produce metallic salt derivatives.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can be used: As a reactant in esterification , decarboxylative alkynylation , and preparation of alkyl coumarins via decarboxylative coupling reactions.
In the organocatalytic medium for the preparation of various 3,4 dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones/thiones by Biginelli reaction.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) has various industrial applications, such as:coolant in automotivessynthetic lubricantwetting agent co-solventdrying of paintsdefoaming agent in pesticides

Health Hazard
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA), harmful if swallowed, inhaled or absorbed through skin.
Material is extremely destructive to tissues of mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract, eyes and skin.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA), symptoms of exposure may include burning sensation, coughing, wheezing, laryngitis, shortness of breath, headache, nausea and vomiting.

2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) has industrial applications, it is important to note that it's considered toxic, especially in concentrated forms.
Proper handling, storage, and disposal procedures are essential to ensure worker safety and prevent environmental contamination.

Environmental Impact:
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) can vary depending on the specific application and local regulations.
It's important to follow proper waste disposal practices to minimize any potential adverse effects.

Regulatory Considerations
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA) is regulated by health and safety agencies such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) in the United States.
2-Ethylhexanoic acid (2-EHA)'s important to adhere to regulatory guidelines and safety precautions when using this compound.

Synonyms
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
149-57-5
2-Ethylcaproic acid
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-
Ethylhexanoic acid
Ethylhexoic acid
2-Ethylhexoic acid
Butylethylacetic acid
2-Butylbutanoic acid
3-Heptanecarboxylic acid
Ethyl hexanoic acid
2-ethyl-hexoic acid
2-ethyl hexanoic acid
alpha-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethylhexansaeure
2-ethyl-hexanoic acid
125804-07-1
Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-
2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID
CCRIS 3348
HSDB 5649
alpha-ethyl caproic acid
Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova [Czech]
NSC 8881
Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova
EINECS 205-743-6
.alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid
2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid
UNII-01MU2J7VVZ
Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova [Czech]
BRN 1750468
01MU2J7VVZ
Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova
AI3-01371
2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID,AR
61788-37-2
DTXSID9025293
CHEBI:89058
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-
NSC-8881
EINECS 262-971-9
2-ethylhexanoicacid
EC 205-743-6
DTXCID805293
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, >=99%
C8H16O2.1/2Cu
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, analytical standard
CAS-149-57-5
(+/-)-2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID
Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, copper(2++) salt
MFCD00002675
2-Ethylcapronic acid
2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid
alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid
EHO (CHRIS Code)
.alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid
SCHEMBL25800
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, 99%
MLS002415695
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Inhalable
CHEMBL1162485
WLN: QVY4 & 2
NSC8881
HMS2267F21
CS-CY-00011
STR05759
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID [HSDB]
Tox21_201406
Tox21_300108
LMFA01020087
LS-869
AKOS009031416
AT29893
CS-W016381
SB44987
SB44994
Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester
NCGC00091324-01
NCGC00091324-02
NCGC00091324-03
NCGC00253985-01
NCGC00258957-01
SMR001252268
Hexanoic acid, 2- ethyl- , tridecyl ester
E0120
FT-0612273
FT-0654390
EN300-20410
Q209384
Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-; (Butyl ethyl acetic acid)
W-109079
Azilsartan K Medoxomil Impurity-7 (2-EHA Impurities)
F0001-0703
Z104478072
18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547
2-Ethylhexanoic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material
2-ETHYLHEXANOIC ACID (2-ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID)
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is corrosive to metals and tissue.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.

CAS Number: 149-57-5
Molecular Formula: C8H16O2
Molecular Weight: 144.21
EINECS Number: 205-743-6

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , 149-57-5, 2-Ethylcaproic acid, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, Ethylhexanoic acid, Ethylhexoic acid, 2-Ethylhexoic acid, Butylethylacetic acid, 2-Butylbutanoic acid, 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-hexoic acid, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , alpha-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-ethyl-hexanoic acid, Ethyl hexanoic acid, 2-, alpha-ethyl caproic acid, .alpha.-Ethylcaproic acid, 2-Ethyl-1-hexanoic acid, 61788-37-2, 01MU2J7VVZ, 2-EHA, 2-ETHYL HEXOIC ACID, AR, DTXSID9025293, CHEBI:89058, NSC-8881, MFCD00002675, 2-ethylhexanoicacid, 2-Ethylhexansaeure, DTXCID805293, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , >=99%, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , analytical standard, CAS-149-57-5, 2 ETHYL HEXANOIC ACID, CCRIS 3348, HSDB 5649, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova [Czech], NSC 8881, Kyselina 2-ethylkapronova, EINECS 205-743-6, (+/-)-2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , UNII-01MU2J7VVZ, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova [Czech], BRN 1750468, Kyselina heptan-3-karboxylova, AI3-01371, Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, (-)-, EINECS 262-971-9, 2-Ethylcapronic acid, 2-Ethyl-Hexonic acid, alpha-Ethylhexanoic acid, .alpha.-Ethylhexanoic acid, EC 205-743-6, SCHEMBL25800, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , 99%, MLS002415695, CHEMBL1162485, WLN: QVY4 & 2, NSC8881, HMS2267F21, STR05759, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) [HSDB], Tox21_201406, Tox21_300108, LMFA01020087, AKOS009031416, AT29893, CS-W016381, SB44987, SB44994, Hexanoic acid,2-ethyl-, tridecyl ester, NCGC00091324-01, NCGC00091324-02, NCGC00091324-03, NCGC00253985-01, NCGC00258957-01, SMR001252268, E0120, FT-0612273, FT-0654390, EN300-20410, Q209384, W-109079, F0001-0703, Z104478072, 18FEB650-7573-4EA0-B0CD-9D8BED766547, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble in water, and relatively neutral.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a potentially toxic compound.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

These lipophilic metal-containing derivatives are used as catalysts in polymerizations.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is colourless viscous oil.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is supplied as a racemic mixture.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

These lipophilic metal-containing derivatives are used as catalysts in polymerizations.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , also known as 2-EHA or 2-Ethylcaproic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with the chemical formula C8H16O2.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless liquid with a characteristic odor.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely used in various industries, including the production of plasticizers, lubricants, and coatings.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.
Further, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.

In addition to this, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) has various industrial applications, such as:coolant in automotivessynthetic lubricantwetting agent co-solventdrying of paintsdefoaming agent in pesticides
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , also known as 2-ethylhexanoate or sinesto b, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless viscous oil.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is supplied as a racemic mixture.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.
Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.
They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents."

They are highly soluble in nonpolar solvents.
These metal complexes are often described as salts.
They are, however, not ionic but charge-neutral coordination complexes.

Their structures are akin to the corresponding acetates.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless to light yellow, liquid organic compound.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely used in the preparation of metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
The highly toxic, combustible carboxylic acid is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless, transparent liquid with a faint odor.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be industrially produced from propylene which can be renewably produced.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a very hydrophobic molecule, practically insoluble (in water), and relatively neutral.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a potentially toxic compound.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) (2-EHA) is one of the flagship products within Perstorp Group which has the largest production capacity in the world.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless liquid with one carboxylic group based on a C8 carbon chain.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely used in esters for PVB film plasticizers and synthetic lubricants, in production of metal soaps for paint driers, in automotive coolants and PVC stabilizers.
Other application areas include wood preservatives, catalyst for polyurethane and in pharmaceuticals.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) (EHXA, 2-EHA) is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with a mild odor.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) will burn though it may take some effort to ignite.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is slightly soluble in water.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is corrosive to metals and tissue.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used to make paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is produced industrially from propylene, which is hydroformylated to give butyraldehyde.
Aldol condensation of the aldehyde gives 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , which is hydrogenated to 2-ethylhexanal.

Oxidation of this aldehyde gives the carboxylic acid.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) forms compounds with metal cations that have stoichiometry as metal acetates.
These ethylhexanoate complexes are used in organic and industrial chemical synthesis.

They function as catalysts in polymerizations as well as for oxidation reactions as "oil drying agents.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a carboxylic acid primarily used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
Ungraded products supplied by Spectrum are indicative of a grade suitable for general industrial use or research purposes and typically are not suitable for human consumption or therapeutic use.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be used as an intermediate for paint and coating driers, as an alkyd resin modifier, as a catalyst for the production of peroxides and as a stabilizer for lubricating oil esters and PVC, etc., and has a wide range of market applications.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a chiral compound that is synthesized by the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-2-hydroxyacetic acid.
The enantiomers of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) are separated by an injection column, which can be used to determine the enantiomeric purity of racemic mixtures.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also a natural substrate for human enzymes and has been shown to have stereoselective activity in assays.
Enzymes that metabolize 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) include carboxylic acid synthase, which converts it into crotonic acid, and acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, which converts it into 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA.
The stereoselectivity of these enzymes has been investigated using crystallographic techniques.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also a regioselective inhibitor of branched-chain amino acid aminot
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
This carboxylic acid is widely used to prepare metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a synthetic mixture of isomers of tertiary carboxylic acids with ten carbon atoms.
It can be used to replace 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) and most of its salts, which have been reclassified as Reprotoxic Category 1B by the Risk Assessment Committee of ECHA, taking effect November 2023.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , also known as 2-EH Acid, is a colorless to slightly yellow liquid substance with a mildly sweet odor.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is slightly soluble in water and it is flammable, though will not self-ignite.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is considered corrosive to most metals.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is most commonly used in the paint and coatings industry as well as in the manufacturing of various plasticizers.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely used in the production of paint dryers and plasticizers.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is most often used in esters for PVB film plasticizers and in synthetic lubricants.
Other common applications are in automobile coolants as a corrosion inhibitor, in PVC stabilizers and in the production of metal soaps for paint driers.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also a common catalyst in pharmaceuticals and for polyurethane.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is often found as an ingredient in wood preservatives.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is often used as a chemical intermediate in the production of various chemicals and materials.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) has applications in the synthesis of esters, plasticizers, and metal derivatives.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is commonly employed as a raw material in the production of metal carboxylates, which are used as catalysts in various chemical processes.
Additionally, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is utilized as a component in the formulation of certain coatings, adhesives, and sealants.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is unique properties make it suitable for use in these applications, contributing to properties such as adhesion and flexibility.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be synthesized through various methods, including the oxidation of 2-ethylhexanol or the esterification of 2-ethylhexanol with acetic acid, followed by hydrolysis.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is commonly used in the production of plasticizers, which are additives that improve the flexibility and durability of plastics.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) serves as a precursor in the preparation of metal carboxylates, which are used as catalysts in reactions such as the production of polyurethanes.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is utilized in the formulation of coatings, resins, and inks, contributing to the performance and application properties of these materials.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) acts as a versatile intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a valuable industrial chemical with applications in diverse fields such as the production of adhesives, sealants, lubricants, and certain pharmaceuticals.
Like any chemical, proper safety precautions should be taken when handling 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) .
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is important to follow recommended safety guidelines, use appropriate personal protective equipment, and store the compound in accordance with safety regulations.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , also known as 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) or 2-EHA, is a carboxylic acid with the molecular formula C8H16O2.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a branched-chain, eight-carbon organic acid with a carboxyl group (COOH) at one end.
The chemical structure of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is derived from hexanoic acid by adding an ethyl group (C2H5) to the second carbon atom of the chain.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) (EHXA, 2-EHA) is an industrially important aliphatic carboxylic acid.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely employed as a stabilizer and a wood preservative.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , also called 2-EHA, is a commonly used organic compound, mainly to make lipophilic metal by-products that can dissolve in nonionic organic solvents.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a carboxylic acid with the formula C8H16O2 with a generally high boiling point and mild odor.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a viscous and colorless oil with one carboxylic class found on a C8 carbon chain and is immiscible in water.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be used as a substitute for naphthenic acid in some applications.

Industrially, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is manufactured using propylene, often generated from fossil fuels and other sources which are renewable.
In other words, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be more effectively manufactured than naphthenic acid.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) produces metallic compounds that undergo stoichiometry in the form of metal acetates.

In most cases, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) derivatives are used in industrial and organic chemical applications.
The ethyl hexanoate complexes also serve as catalysts in oxidation reactions and polymerizations (as oil drying agents).
As a versatile chemical intermediate, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) has multiple applications, including the following.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is the organic compound with the formula CH3(CH2)3CH(C2H5)CO2H.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a carboxylic acid that is widely used to prepare lipophilic metal derivatives that are soluble in nonpolar organic solvents.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless viscous oil.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is supplied as a racemic mixture.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a colorless, high boiling liquid having a mild odor.
The metallic salts of Eastman™ 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) are used as driers for odorless paints, inks, varnishes, and enamels.

Cobalt and manganese are the most important driers.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , also known as 2-ethylhexanoate or alpha-ethylcaproic acid, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) will burn though 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may take some effort to ignite.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is slightly soluble in water.

Melting point: -59 °C
Boiling point: 228 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.906
vapor density: 4.98 (vs air)
vapor pressure: refractive index: n20/D 1.425(lit.)
Flash point: 230 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 1.4g/l
form: Liquid
pka: pK1:4.895 (25°C)
color: Clear
PH: 3 (1.4g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: Mild odour
PH Range: 3 at 1.4 g/l at 20 °C
Viscosity: 7.73 cps
explosive limit: 1.04%, 135°F
Water Solubility: 2 g/L (20 ºC)
BRN: 1750468
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
Stability: Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents, bases.
InChIKey: OBETXYAYXDNJHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.7 at 25℃

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can undergo various chemical reactions to form derivatives.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) contributes to the adhesive's ability to bond to various surfaces.
Analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography, mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), are often employed to identify and quantify 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) in different samples.

While 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is not known for extreme toxicity, appropriate precautions should be taken when handling it.
For example, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be esterified to produce esters that are used as plasticizers in the manufacturing of flexible plastics.
When used in the synthesis of polymers, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can influence the properties of the resulting materials.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is incorporation can affect factors such as flexibility, adhesion, and thermal stability in the final product.
Due to its ability to enhance adhesion properties, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is sometimes incorporated into adhesive formulations.
As with any chemical, its impact on biological systems and the environment should be considered in industrial applications.

The production and market demand for 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can vary across regions and industries.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is produced on a commercial scale and is an important chemical in the manufacturing sector.
Ongoing research may focus on optimizing the synthesis of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , exploring new applications, or developing more environmentally friendly production methods.

The chemical compatibility of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) with other compounds is an important consideration in various applications, such as in the formulation of complex mixtures like coatings, inks, and adhesives.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is known for forming stable metal complexes.

Metal salts and complexes of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) find applications in various industries, such as in the production of heat stabilizers for PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used in the production of polymeric materials.
For instance, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be involved in the synthesis of polymers through processes like polycondensation reactions.

Certain metal carboxylates derived from 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can act as catalysts in various chemical reactions, including esterification and transesterification reactions.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is sometimes used as an additive in lubricants to enhance their performance.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can contribute to improving the lubricating properties and thermal stability of oils.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) has a characteristic, somewhat unpleasant odor.
This property can be relevant in applications where odor may be a consideration, such as in the formulation of consumer products.
As with any chemical, regulatory standards and guidelines may apply to the production, handling, and use of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) .

Users should be aware of and adhere to relevant safety and environmental regulations.
Ongoing research explores new applications and processes involving 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) .
Researchers may investigate 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is properties for potential advancements in materials science, catalysis, or other fields.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , Europe is a colorless, high boiling liquid having a mild odor.
The metallic salts of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) are used as driers for odorless paints, inks, varnishes, and enamels. Cobalt and manganese are the most important driers.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a clear liquid with a mild odour. An organic compound, this chemical is an aliphatic carboxylic acid with uses in both industrial and consumer products.

In consumer products, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is found in de-icers, car care products, paints, greases and lubricants to name a few.
Industrially, this chemical has applications in stabilisers, preservatives, coolants, wetting agents, pesticides and lubricants.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a chemical intermediate used as a compound for example in the production of synthetic lubricants as well oil additives.

BASF operates a 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) production plant at its Verbund site in Ludwigshafen, Germany.
The first of its kind in the ASEAN region and is expected to be commissioned in Q4 2016, with a total annual capacity of 30,000 metric tons.
The term “backward integration” explains the benefits of BASF’s Verbund concept.

By linking one plant with another, products and by-products from one plant could serve as a precursor in other plants.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a carboxylic acid.
Carboxylic acids donate hydrogen ions if a base is present to accept them.

They react in this way with all bases, both organic (for example, the amines) and inorganic.
Their reactions with bases, called "neutralizations", are accompanied by the evolution of substantial amounts of heat.
Neutralization between an acid and a base produces water plus a salt.

Carboxylic acids with six or fewer carbon atoms are freely or moderately soluble in water; those with more than six carbons are slightly soluble in water.
Soluble carboxylic acid dissociate to an extent in water to yield hydrogen ions.
Many insoluble 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) s react rapidly with aqueous solutions containing a chemical base and dissolve as the neutralization generates a soluble salt.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) s in aqueous solution and liquid or molten carboxylic acids can react with active metals to form gaseous hydrogen and a metal salt.
Such reactions occur in principle for solid 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) s as well, but are slow if the solid acid remains dry.
Even "insoluble" carboxylic acids may absorb enough water from the air and dissolve sufficiently in 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) to corrode or dissolve iron, steel, and aluminum parts and containers.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) s, like other acids, react with cyanide salts to generate gaseous hydrogen cyanide.
The reaction is slower for dry, solid carboxylic acids.
Insoluble carboxylic acids react with solutions of cyanides to cause the release of gaseous hydrogen cyanide.

Flammable and/or toxic gases and heat are generated by the reaction of carboxylic acids with diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates, isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) s, especially in aqueous solution, also react with sulfites, nitrites, thiosulfates (to give H2S and SO3), dithionites (SO2), to generate flammable and/or toxic gases and heat.

Their reaction with carbonates and bicarbonates generates a harmless gas (carbon dioxide) but still heat.
Like other organic compounds, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) s can be oxidized by strong oxidizing agents and reduced by strong reducing agents.

Uses Of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid):
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is a versatile carboxylic acid that is commonly used in a variety of industrial applications.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) and its metal salts are used to produce a variety of functional fluids including polymer production catalysts, plasticizers in PVC production, corrosion inhibitors in coolants stabilizers, wood preservatives and to produce lubricant additives.
The zinc salt of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used as a corrosion inhibitor in lubricants and hydrogen sulfide scavenger.

One of the primary uses of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is in the production of plasticizers.
Plasticizers are additives that increase the flexibility and durability of plastics.
Esters derived from 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , such as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and dioctyl adipate (DOA), are commonly used in the production of flexible PVC (polyvinyl chloride) products, including cables, flooring, and synthetic leather.

When reacted with certain metals, it forms salts that are widely used as additives in paint and plasticizer formulations, as well as in the production of paint and lacquer dryers and PVC stabilizers.
The esters of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) , particularly those obtained by glycols, tri glycols, and polyethylene glycols, are known for their lubricant properties.
They are excellent plasticizers for PVC, nitrocellulose, chlorinated rubber, and polypropylene.

These properties make 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) a popular choice in producing various chemicals and materials in the industry.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
For example, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.
Further, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.

In addition to this, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used as a chemical intermediate and for manufacture of resins used for baking enamels, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, and corrosion inhibitors; also used as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming, for solvent extraction, and for dye granulation.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used as a chemical intermediate for many products; Approximately 400 workers in US manufacturing are potentially exposed; Used in alkyd resins; Used in the mid-1980s as a wood preservative to replace chlorophenols; [ACGIH] Used to make plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors, and alkyd resins; Also used as a co-solvent and defoamer in pesticides, as the active ingredient in the wood preservative Sinesto B (not used in the US), in paint dryers, heat stabilizers for PVC, and as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming, solvent extraction, and dye granulation; [HSDB] Not found in any pesticide products registered in the US.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used as a starting material to produce polyol ester oil which is mainly used as a synthetic lubricant in refrigerant systems.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is utilized in the synthesis of metal carboxylates, which serve as catalysts in various chemical processes.
These catalysts find applications in the production of polyurethanes, coatings, and other polymerization reactions.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is employed in the formulation of coatings, resins, and inks.

The chemical's properties contribute to adhesion, durability, and flexibility in coatings, making it valuable in the paint and coatings industry.
Due to its adhesive properties, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used in the formulation of adhesives and sealants.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) helps enhance the bonding characteristics of these products.
In the lubricant industry, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is sometimes used as an additive to improve the lubricating properties and thermal stability of oils.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is involved in the synthesis of various polymers.

The chemical can be used as a monomer or a reactant in polycondensation reactions, contributing to the formation of polymeric materials with specific properties.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used in the extraction of certain metals from ores.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is ability to form stable metal complexes is utilized in processes related to metal extraction and purification.

Metal carboxylates derived from 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) act as catalysts in chemical reactions, facilitating processes such as esterification and transesterification.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used in the preparation of metal derivatives, which act as a catalyst in polymerization reactions.
For example, tin 2-ethylhexanoate is used in the manufacturing of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid).

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also used as a stabilizer for polyvinyl chlorides.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also involved in solvent extraction and dye granulation.
Further, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used to prepare plasticizers, lubricants, detergents, flotation aids, corrosion inhibitors and alkyd resins.

In addition to this, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) serves as a catalyst for polyurethane foaming.
As a reactant in esterification , decarboxylative alkynylation , and preparation of alkyl coumarins via decarboxylative coupling reactions.
In the organocatalytic medium for the preparation of various 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) by Biginelli reaction.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) s of light metals are used to convert some mineral oils to greases.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is esters are used as plasticizers.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used to produce corrosion inhibitors for lubricants and automotive coolants.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) also serves as wood preservatives and makes lubricant additives as well as synthetic lubricants.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also used in the production of PVC heat stabilizers, PVB film plasticizers, metal soaps for paint driers, and other chemicals.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is commonly used in esters in Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) film plasticizers and as a raw material for polyesters applied in synthetic oils.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) ’s metal salts are used to prepare synthetic lubricant additives used in various industrial lubricant applications.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely used in coating applications to enhance performance and resistance.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) produces alkyd resins that help improve yellowing resistance better than ordinary fatty acids.

This monomer is ideal for stoving enamels and 2-component coatings.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can also be used in other applications, including the catalyst for polyurethane, wood preservatives, and pharmaceuticals.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is sometimes used in the formulation of inks, particularly in the production of printing inks.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is properties contribute to the ink's adhesion and printability on various surfaces.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be involved in the production of certain detergents, where its surfactant properties may be advantageous in enhancing cleaning performance.
In the textile industry, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may be used as an auxiliary agent in processes like dyeing or finishing to achieve specific textile properties.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is utilized as a flotation agent in mineral processing, helping to separate minerals from ores during the flotation process.
Some derivatives of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may find applications in the formulation of herbicides and pesticides in agriculture.
In the construction industry, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may be used in the formulation of certain construction materials, including sealants and caulks.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be found in certain cleaning products, contributing to their formulation for effective removal of dirt, grease, or other contaminants.
Certain food-grade derivatives of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may be used in the production of food contact materials, such as coatings for packaging materials.
In the cosmetic industry, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) or its derivatives may be used in the formulation of cosmetic and personal care products such as lotions, creams, and hair care products.

In the production of solar panels, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be used in certain processes related to the fabrication of photovoltaic cells.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may find application in the oil and gas industry as a component in certain oilfield chemicals used for drilling, production, or enhanced oil recovery processes.
In biomedical research, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) or its derivatives may be explored for potential applications, such as in drug delivery systems or biomaterials.

The chemicals in 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) are reported to have cosmetic use to produce emollients and skin conditioners.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is widely used in hair care products, hand creams, face creams, body lotions, and make-up products like foundation, concealer, and hair care products.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also used in manufacturing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) stabilizers and Polyvinyl butyral (PVB) plasticizers in the form of metal salts.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) reacts with metallic components like manganese and cobalt to produce metallic salt derivatives.
Bisley International has been the leading chemical raw material supplier in the United States and worldwide for over half a century.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) contains metal salts that serve as corrosion inhibitors in coolants.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is also used to make polyol ester which acts as a lubricant for refrigerant appliances.
In the rubber industry, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is sometimes used as a vulcanization aid.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can contribute to the cross-linking of rubber polymers, enhancing the strength and elasticity of rubber products.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is employed as an additive in certain paint formulations to improve characteristics such as flow properties, drying time, and adhesion to surfaces.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) is used as an additive in fuel formulations to improve combustion properties and reduce engine deposits.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) finds application in the textile industry, where it may be used in the processing of fibers and fabrics, contributing to certain desirable properties.

Due to its lubricating properties, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be incorporated into metalworking fluids to enhance their performance in cutting, grinding, and machining operations.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can serve as an intermediate in the synthesis of certain pharmaceutical compounds.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be involved in the production of surfactants, which are compounds that lower the surface tension between two phases (such as between a liquid and a solid).

In laboratories, researchers may use 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) as a building block in the development of new materials, catalysts, or processes.
Some derivatives of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may find application in the flavor and fragrance industry.

In electroplating processes, 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be used in the formulation of certain electrolyte solutions.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be used: As a reactant in esterification , decarboxylative alkynylation , and preparation of alkyl coumarins via decarboxylative coupling reactions.

Safety Profile Of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid):
Moderately toxic by ingestion and skin contact.
Direct contact with the skin or eyes may cause irritation, and inhalation of vapors or mists may irritate the respiratory tract.
Swallowing 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can cause irritation to the digestive tract.

Ingestion is not a common route of exposure in industrial settings, but accidental ingestion should be avoided.
An experimental teratogen.
A skin and severe eye irritant.

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.
When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid and irritating fumes.

2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) can be irritating to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system.
Prolonged or repeated exposure to 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may lead to sensitization in some individuals, resulting in allergic reactions upon subsequent exposure.
There is a potential aspiration hazard if the substance is swallowed.

Aspiration into the lungs during ingestion can lead to chemical pneumonia, which can be serious.
Improper disposal or release of 2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) into the environment can have adverse effects.
2-Ethylhexanoic Acid (2-Ethyl hexanoic Acid) may be harmful to aquatic life and can contribute to pollution if not handled and disposed of responsibly.

2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE
2- Ethylhexyl Acrylate is a colorless, transparent liquid.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is an important raw material for many chemical syntheses.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a colorless liquid acrylate with a pleasant odor, used in the making of paints, plastics, and adhesives.


CAS Number: 103-11-7
EC Number: 203-080-7
MDL number: MFCD00009495
Chemical formula: C11H20O2
Molecular Formula: C11H20O2 / CH2=CHCOOC8H17


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is insoluble in water.
2-ethylhexyl acrylate appears as a clear colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's less dense than water and insoluble in water.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's Vapors are heavier than air.
Flash point of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is 180 °F.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 000 to < 1 000 000 tonnes per annum.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a colorless liquid acrylate with a pleasant odor, used in the making of paints, plastics, and adhesives.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a transparent, colorless, clear liquid.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can be copolymerized for instance with acrylic acid and its salts, esters, and acrylamide, with methacrylic acid, methacrylates, acrylonitrile, styrene, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters etc.


In order to prevent spontaneous polymerization, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate must always be stored under air, never under inert gases.
Growth in paints & coatings, adhesives & sealants, printing inks, and superabsorbent polymers are driving the global 2-Ethylhexyl acrylatemarket.
As a higher alkyl acrylate comonomer, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate imparts a glass transition temperature that is well below room temperature (homopolymer Tg is – 65 °C), flexibility and elasticity, and a hydrophobic nature.


Unique features contributed to copolymer compositions include low temperature flexibility, water resistance, good weathering characteristics, and UV (sunlight) resistance.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is also a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses because it readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a building block for polymer manufacturing and a feedstock for chemical synthesis.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is available as a liquid packaged in drum quantities.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate imparts excellent flexibility, great UV resistance, and high water resistance to polymers.


By managing the comonomer ratios and the glass transition temperatures, the chemist can balance hardness and softness, tackiness and block resistance, adhesive and cohesive properties, low-temperature flexibility, strength and durability, and other key properties to facilitate end-use goals.
Functional monomers like diacetone acrylamide, (meth)acrylic acid, glycidyl acrylates and maleic anhydride can be incorporated as crosslinking agents and/or as cure accelerators.


Monomers like acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylamide, can improve solvent and oil resistance.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate serves as a fundamental monomer for creating an array of polymers and copolymer materials.
This colorless, low viscosity liquid, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate emits a sweet aroma and boasts a boiling point of 146°C.


With a molecular weight of 146.20 g/mol, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate demonstrates its versatility across numerous applications.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's applications span various industries, finding use in coatings, adhesives, sealants, and elastomers.
Notably, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate plays a crucial role in the production of plastics and rubber items, catering to diverse manufacturing needs.


In the realm of scientific research, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate remains a favored choice for synthesizing polymers and copolymers materials.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's involvement in creating polyurethanes, polyamides, polyesters, polycarbonates, polyacrylates, and polyolefins underscores its importance as a building block in the realm of chemical synthesis.


What makes 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate particularly fascinating is its highly reactive nature.
The monomer engages in an assortment of chemical reactions, paving the way for polymerization processes such as radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, cationic polymerization, and coordination polymerization.


Beyond that, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate readily engages in copolymerization reactions with other monomers, resulting in the formation of copolymer materials.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate stands as a key player in the creation of polymers and copolymers, driving advancements in a wide range of industries and scientific pursuits.


Its adaptability and ability to participate in various chemical reactions make 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate an invaluable component in modern materials synthesis.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is an ester of enoic acid.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate has water white liquid with a characteristic odor.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is supplied inhibited to prevent polymerization.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a stable product, with only negligible solubility in water.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is readily polymerized and displays a range of properties dependent upon the selection of the monomer and reaction conditions.


2-Ethylhexylacrylate is a colorless liquid above its freezing point of -90°C (-130°F).
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate's homopolymer glass transition temperature is -70°C (-94°F).
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can be polymerized with each other and copolymerized with other monomers to produce polymers having the optimal properties for your application.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is an acrylate monomor with a molecular formula of CH2=CHCOOC8H17.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a clear liquid which is completely soluble in alcohols and ethers but not soluble in water.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not a very flammable liquid with a flashpoint between 75 – 90° C and has a characteristic acrylic odour.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
2-ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the production of homopolymers and copolymers.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a very versatile acrylate that can be used as a chemical building block to produce a variety of coatings, resins, adhesives and sealants.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate also finds use in the plastics and textiles industries as an additive to improve water resistance, resistance to sunlight, and weatherability of the final product.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the composition of copolymers, with various industrial applications.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used Resins and emulsion polymers or dispersions for non-woven fabrics, inks, glues
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used pressure sensitive adhesive, textiles, paper
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used Cleaning and floor waxing products


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used Synthetic rubbers and latexes
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used Plastics and synthetic resins
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used Additives for fuel oils and lubricating oils.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is able to addition reaction to the double bond and to polymerize and copolymerize.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used as a monomer for plastics, protective coatings, and paper treatment, in copolymerization of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride, and in the manufacture of water-based paints, adhesives, printing inks, impregnating agents, and reactive diluent/cross-linking agents.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used to make polymers and copolymers that are usually further processed to aqueous polymer dispersions--used mainly in adhesives and paints.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is also used for coating raw materials, in the plastics industry, and as a monomer in construction industry chemicals (concentrations of 0.1-21%).


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is primarily used for manufacturing homopolymers and copolymers.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is also used in adhesives applications.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


Other release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can be found in products with material based on: fabrics, textiles and apparel (e.g. clothing, mattress, curtains or carpets, textile toys), paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper) and plastic (e.g. food packaging and storage, toys, mobile phones).


Release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can occur from industrial use: of articles where the substances are not intended to be released and where the conditions of use do not promote release.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used for the manufacture of: plastic products.
Other release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is likely to occur from: indoor use and outdoor use resulting in inclusion into or onto a materials (e.g. binding agent in paints and coatings or adhesives).


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the following products: adhesives and sealants, coating products and polymers.
Release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the following products: polymers, adhesives and sealants, coating products and laboratory chemicals.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the following areas: building & construction work and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used for the manufacture of: chemicals and plastic products.


Release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can occur from industrial use: for thermoplastic manufacture, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).
Release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance, for thermoplastic manufacture and as processing aid.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is an enoate ester.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in making of paints and plastics.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate and butyl acrylate are the major base monomers for the preparation of acrylate adhesives.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can react by free-radical polymerization to form macromolecules having a molecular weight of up to 200,000 g/mol.
Other monomers such as vinyl acetate, methyl acrylate, and styrene may be copolymerized to modify the properties of the resulting polymer.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used as a raw material to make adhesives, coatings, construction materials, acrylic rubber, and emulsions.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used as a raw material to make adhesives, coatings, construction materials, acrylic rubber, and emulsions.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a highly versatile building block that readily copolymerizes with a wide variety of other acrylic and vinyl monomers to tailor specific high molecular weight copolymer properties for a diverse range of non-rigid applications.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is the ester of acrylic acid and 2-ethyl hexanol.
Primary applications that take advantage of these characteristics include multiple adhesives, especially pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA), paint & coatings, caulks & sealants, textile & paper finishes, and printing inks.


Because 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate contributes to clarity, toughness, light & weather resistance, and chemical resistance, manufacturers can use acrylic copolymers containing 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate in interior, exterior, basecoat and topcoat paint & coating formulations, and other related products.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used (stabilised with hydroquinone monomethyl ether) for synthesis.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is an ester of Acrylic acid and is used as a raw material component in the synthesis of polymers.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a difunctional monomer with a characteristic high reactivity of methacrylates and a branched hydrophobic moiety.
Copolymers of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, and with (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the preparation of solid polymers, dispersions, and polymer solutions, which are used as binders, film formers, adhesives , and sealants, coatings in various industries.
Particularly widespread use of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate was in the production of pressure-sensitive adhesives and hydrophobic coatings and binders.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is commonly used to lower the Tg of polymers containing MMA, styrene, vinyl acetate, and other hard monomers.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is most frequently used to manufacture polymers for paints, coatings, and pressure-sensitive adhesives.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate may also be used as a feedstock for chemical syntheses via addition reactions.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is an acrylic acid ester monomer commonly used to manufacture polymers for coatings and adhesives.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate may also be used to lower the glass transition temperature (Tg) of acrylic polymers.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used in the production of homopolymers.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can also be used in the production of co-polymers, for example acrylic acid and its salts, esters, amides, methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleates, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene as well as unsaturated polyesters.
2-ethylhexyl acrylate is a monomer for plastics, protective coating, paper treatment, water-based paints, UV-curable coatings, and inks; in so me acrylicbased adhesive tapes.


2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is commonly used as a plasticizing co-monomer in the production of resins, which are utilized in various applications such as adhesives, latex, paints, textile and leather finishes, and coatings for paper.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is used Adhesives, Leather finishing materials, Plastics, Textiles, Sealants, Fibers


The major current use of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is in acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives.
An adhesive for general purpose tape typically contains about 75% 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.


Other uses of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is in the production of plastics, latex, paints, textile and leather finishes, coatings for paper and industrial metal finishing.
In Denmark, the principal use of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate is in UV curable inks, lacquers and varnishes.


-2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is applied in the production of:
*Automotive Coatings
*Industrial Coatings
*Adhesives
*Plastics
*UV Curables



PRODUCTION AND USE OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
Direct, acid-catalysed esterification of acrylic acid with 2-ethylhexanol is the principal method for the manufacture of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate.
A polymerisation inhibitor is added.



BENEFITS OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
Toughness, flexibility, durability, elasticity, clarity
Weather resistance, moisture resistance, chemical resistance
Good low temperature properties, can be copolymerized with other acrylates
Low volatility and low odor



ATTRIBUTES OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE AS A COMONOMER INCLUDE:
*A low Tg -65 °C and low temperature flexibility
*Facilitates design of softness and tackiness in copolymers
*Excellent copolymerization characteristics
*Entanglement of the C8 side chain facilitates macromolecular entanglement (Me)
*Improves water resistance and weathering; suitable for external applications.
*A low order of toxicity
*Availability and commodity economics
The performance profile of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate has led to a strong growth rate in commercial applications.



INDUSTRIES OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
*Adhesives
*Agriculture
*Building & Construction
*Coatings
*Elastomers
*Inks
*Lubricant Formulation
*Metal Processing & Fabrication
*Plastics



FEATURES AND BENEFITS OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
*Chemical resistance
*Chemical crosslinking
*Scratch resistance:
*Adhesion
*Low VOC
*Rheology modifier
*Weatherability



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a colorless and transparent liquid that is nearly insoluble in water but can be mixed with alcohol and ether.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate was present in a surgical tape and caused allergic contact dermatitis in a patient.



PREPARATION OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
Racemic 2-ethylhexyl acrylate can be prepared with a high yield by esterification of acrylic acid with racemic 2-ethylhexanol in the presence of hydroquinone as a polymerization inhibitor and a strong acid such as methanesulfonic acid by reactive distillation using toluene as an azeotroping agent.



PROPERTIES OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate polymerizes easily.
The polymerization can be initiated by light, peroxides, heat, or contaminants.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate can react violently when combined with strong oxidants and can form explosive mixtures with air at temperatures above 82 °C (180 °F).
The chemical, physical, and toxicological properties, however, can be greatly modified by additives or stabilizers.



THE VERSATILITY OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is a key monomer in a wide range of copolymer compositions.
Free-radical polymerization techniques afford high monomer conversions and very high macromolecule molecular weights (>200,000).
The ease of handling and co-polymerization of 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate allow for use in emulsion, solvent, suspension and bulk polymerizations.

Acrylate esters in general, which include 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate, BA, MMA and GAA, represent a versatile family of building blocks for thousands of copolymer compositions.
Copolymerization can lead to well-designed properties required in a broad range of end-use applications.

Styrene monomer and the short-chain acrylic monomers like methyl methacrylate produce harder, more brittle polymers, with high cohesion and strength characteristics.
The long-chain monomers like 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate and BA enable soft, flexible, tacky polymers with lower strength characteristics.



PREPARATION OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is obtained by esterifying acrylic acid and 2-ethylhexanol with sulfuric acid as a catalyst, and subsequently neutralizing, dealcoholizing and rectifying the mixture.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
Reactivity Profile
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate polymerizes readily in the presence of heat and light generating much heat; reacts with strong oxidants



STORAGE AND HANDLING OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
In order to prevent polymerization, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate must always be stored under air, and never under inert gases.
The presence of oxygen is required for the stabilizer to function effectively.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate has to contain a stabilizer and the storage temperature must not exceed 35 °C.

For extended storage periods over 4 weeks, 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is advisable to replenish the dissolved oxygen content.
Under these conditions, the storage stability of one year can be expected.
In order to minimize the likelihood of over storage, the storage procedure should strictly follow the “first-in-first-out” principle.

Storage tanks and pipes should be made of stainless steel or aluminum.
Although 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate does not corrode carbon steel, there is a risk of contamination if corrosion does occur.
Storage tanks, pumps, and pipes must be earthed.



ENVIRONMENTAL FATE OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
AIR, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to exist almost entirely in the vapour phase based on its vapour pressure. It may photolyse in sunlight. It will react with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone with an estimated half-life of 10.3 hours.



WATER, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is not expected to adsorb to sediment or suspended particulate matter.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate may hydrolyse, especially in alkaline waters based upon hydrolysis data for the structurally similar ethyl acrylate.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate may photolyse in sunlight.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate may biodegrade based upon the biodegradability of butyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate will significantly volatise from water with an estimated half-life of between 7.3 hours and 2.7 days.



SOIL, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate is expected to exhibit moderate mobility in soil.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate may hydrolyse, especially in alkaline soils based upon hydrolysis data for the structurally similar ethyl acrylate.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate may biodegrade based upon the biodegradability of butyl acrylate.
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate may volatilise from near surface soil and other surfaces.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
Chemical formula: C11H20O2
Molar mass: 184.279 g·mol−1
Density: 0.885 g/mL
Melting point: −90 °C (−130 °F; 183 K)
Boiling point: 215–219 °C (419–426 °F; 488–492 K)
Molecular Formula: C11H20O2
Molecular Weight: 184.28
MDL Number: MFCD00009495
MOL File: 103-11-7.mol
Molecular Weight: 184.27 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 3.8
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 184.146329876 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 184.146329876 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 13
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 152
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Melting point: -90°C

Boiling point: 215-219 °C(lit.)
Density: 0.885 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
vapor density: 6.4 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.15 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.436(lit.)
Flash point: 175 °F
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 0.1g/l
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Odor: Ester like odour
Viscosity: 1.7 mPa.s ( 20 °C)
explosive limit: 0.9-6.0%(V)
Water Solubility: BRN: 1765828
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 5 mg/m3
Stabilit: Stability Stable,
but polymerizes readily, so is usually inhibited with hydroquinone or its monomethyl ether.
Susceptible to hydrolysis.
Incompatible with oxidizing agents.
InChIKey: GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 4 at 20℃
CAS No.: 103-11-7
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Odor: Strong ester smell
Boiling Point (℃): 213.5(101325Pa)

Appearance: clear, colorless
Physical form: liquid
Odor: sweet
Molecular weight: 184.3 g/mol
Density: 0.885 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Boiling Point: 91 °C at 13 mbar
Freezing Point: approx. – 90 °C
Viscosity: 1.7 mPa ∙ s at 20 °C
Vapor Point: 0.1 mbar at 20 °C
CAS number: 103-11-7
EC index number: 607-107-00-7
EC number: 203-080-7
Hill Formula: C₁₁H₂₀O₂
Chemical formula: CH₂=CHCOOCH₂CH(C₂H₅)(CH₂)₃CH₃
Molar Mass: 184.27 g/mol
HS Code: 2916 12 00

Boiling point: 229 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 0.887 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 0.9 - 6.0 %(V)
Flash point: 86 °C
Ignition temperature: 230 °C
Melting Point: -90 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.12 hPa (20 °C)
Solubility: 0.1 g/l
Appearance: colorless to pale yellow clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.88500 to 0.88800 @ 20.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 7.373 to 7.398
Refractive Index: 1.43300 to 1.43700 @ 20.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 213.50 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.100000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 175.00 °F. TCC ( 79.44 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.330 (est)
Soluble in: water, 100 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)
water, 16.8 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Description: Colourless liquid with a sharp and musty odour.
Purity: 99.5%
Melting point: -90° C
Boiling point: 213-218° C
Density: 0.887 g/ml (at 20° C)
Vapour pressure: 0.14 mmHg (19 Pa) at 20° C
Concentration of saturated vapours: 184 ppm (calculated) at 20° C and 760 mmHg.
Vapour density: 6.35 (air = 1)
Conversion factor: 1 ppm = 7.66 mg/m3 20° C
1 mg/m3 = 0.130 ppm 1 atm
Flash point: 82-92° C (open cup), 86° C (closed cup)
Flammable limits: 0.8-6.4 (v/v% in air)
Autoignition temp.: 252° C
Solubility: Water 0.1g/l (at 20° C).
Soluble in alcohols, ethers, and many organic solvents
(acetone, benzene, ethyl ether, heptane, methanol, carbon tetrachloride).
logPoctanol/water: 3.67 - 4.32
Henry’s constant: 3.54 x 10-4 (atm x m3)/mole at 20° C.
pKa-value: -
Stability: Polymerises readily unless inhibited.
Reacts readily with electrophilic, free-radical, and nucleophilic agents.

Physical state: liquid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point: No data available
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 215 - 219 °C - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: at 25 °C soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 4,1 at 25 °C - Potential bioaccumulation, (Lit.)
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 0,885 g/cm3 at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

Physical description: Clear liquid with a pleasant odor.
Boiling point: 417-424°F
Molecular weight: 184.3
Freezing point/melting point: -130°F
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mmHg
Flash point: 180°F
Vapor density: 6.35
Specific gravity: 0.885
Ionization potential:
Lower explosive limit (LEL): 0.8%
Upper explosive limit (UEL): 6.4%
NFPA health rating: 1
NFPA fire rating: 2
NFPA reactivity rating: 1
Physical State (20°C): Liquid
Physical State (25°C): Liquid
Density (kg/m3): 885 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 20°C
897 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 5°C
891.8 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 10°C
886.1 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 20°C
Kinematic viscosity (cSt):
4.4482 [cSt] at a temperature of 5°C
4.1826 [cSt] at a temperature of 10°C
6.2634 [cSt] at a temperature of 20°C
Molar mass (g/mol): 184.2

Density of gas (kg/m3): 8.192
Solubility (g/L):
100 [g/L] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 0‰
36 [g/L] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 0‰
35 [g/L] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 5‰
21 [g/L] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 30‰
Boiling Point (°C): 214
Melting Point (°C): -90
Surface tension (mN/m):
26 [mN/m] at a temperature of 20°C
27.91 [mN/m] at a temperature of 5.4°C
27.68 [mN/m] at a temperature of 11.3°C
26.82 [mN/m] at a temperature of 19.3°C
Interfacial tension (mN/m):
30 [mN/m] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 0‰
Vapour Pressure (Pa):
13 [Pa] at a temperature of 20°C
24 [Pa] at a temperature of 25°C
Ignition Temperature (°C): 384
Flash Point (°C): 82
Flash Point (Pensky-Martens closed cup) (°C): 87.5
Lower explosivity limit (LEL) (volume %): 0.87
Upper explosivity limit (UEL) (volume %): 6.4
Combus enthalpy (J/Kg): 33800000
Combustion efficiency (%): 96
Mass flow rate of the combustion surface (Kg/(m²·s)): 0.05
Rad fraction (%): 23
Henry's constant (mol/(m³·Pa)): 45



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Light sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE:
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-Ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
2-EHA
2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE
103-11-7
2-ethylhexyl prop-2-enoate
2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate
2-ETHYLHEXYLACRYLATE
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl acrylate
2-Propenoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, acrylate
2-ethylexyl acrylate
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) acrylate
NSC 4803
CCRIS 3430
9003-77-4
HSDB 1121
2EHA
ethylhexylacrylate
UNII-HR49R9S6XG
EINECS 203-080-7
HR49R9S6XG
BRN 1765828
acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
DTXSID9025297
AI3-03833
2-Ethylhexanol acrylate
JC BASE ACRYLATE
NORSOCRYL 2-EHA
NSC-4803
DTXCID405297
CHEBI:82465
EC 203-080-7
EINECS 215-330-2
2EHA
EHA
JR 910
NSC 4803
Norsocryl 2-EHA
2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE (IARC)
2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE [IARC]
CAS-103-11-7
2-ethylhexylacrylat
1-Hexanol, acrylate
Octyl Acrylate Monomer
2-ethylhexyl propenoate
Acrylic Acid 2-Ethylhexyl Ester Monomer
EAI (CHRIS Code)
Acrylate d'thyl-2 hexyle
Acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl
2-ethylhexyl-2-propenoate
2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Resin
SCHEMBL14869
2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Monomer
Acrylic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester
Ethylhexyl acrylate (2-isomer)
CHEMBL1574328
Acrylic Acid Octyl Ester Monomer
NSC4803
ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE [INCI]
LS-89
2-Ethylhexyl ester of acrylic acid
Tox21_202053
Tox21_303227
WLN: 4Y2 & 1OV1U1
MFCD00084372
AKOS015894409
(+/-)-Acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
NCGC00091115-01
NCGC00091115-02
NCGC00091115-03
NCGC00256960-01
NCGC00259602-01
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate, analytical standard
LS-123641
A0144
FT-0612226
2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Monomer, stab. w/MEHQ
C19420
A896619
Q209383
Q-200277
2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate Monomer (stabilized with MEHQ)
Ethylhexyl acrolate, 2-
(Acrylic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester)
Ethylhexyl acrolate, 2-
(Acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester)
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate, 98%, contains >=0.001-<=0.11% monomethyl ether hydroquinone as stabilizer
2-EHA;EHA;2-ethyl
2-ETHYLHEXYL ACRYLATE extrapure
Acrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl
2-ETHYLHEXYL 2-PROPENOATE
OCTYL ACRYLATE
2-Ethylhexyl propenoate
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl acrylate
ACRYLIC ACID 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER
2-Propenoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate
2-Ethylhexanol acrylate
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, acrylate
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl acrylat
2-Ethylhexylester kyseliny akrylove
2-Ethylhexyl ester of acrylic acid
2EHA; NSC 4803; ethylhexyl acrylate
Acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
1-Acryloyloxy-2-ethyl-hexan
3-Acryloyloxymethyl-heptan
2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, acrylate
Octyl-acrylate
2-Propenoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, octyl ester
ACRYLIC ACID
2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER
2-Ethyl-1-Hexyl Acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl 2-Propenoate
2-Propenoic Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester
Acrylic Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester
Ethylhexyl Acrylate
2-Ethylhexylprop-2-Enoate
2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate
Acrylate D'Ethyl 2-Hexyle
EHA
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, acrylate
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate;
2-Propenoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Acrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Octyl acrylate
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) acrylate
2-EHA
2-Propenoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl 2-propenoate

2-ETHYLHEXYL COCOATE

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is an ester compound commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is formed by the reaction between 2-ethylhexanol and coconut oil fatty acids.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate serves as an emollient, providing a smooth and soft texture to various formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate helps improve the spreadability and glide of products, making them easier to apply on the skin and hair.

CAS Number: 85379-89
EC Number: 287-085-0



APPLICATIONS


2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate finds extensive application in skincare products, including moisturizers, lotions, and creams, due to its emollient and skin-conditioning properties.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is commonly used in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product while maintaining its UV protection benefits.
The compound contributes to the formulation of lightweight body oils, providing a non-greasy and easily absorbed texture for a luxurious body care experience.

In hair care, 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is employed to create conditioning products that add shine and manageability without weighing down the hair.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is incorporated into lip balms and lipsticks to improve the application and spreadability of these products on the delicate lip area.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate serves as a key component in facial cleansers and makeup removers, gently lifting away impurities while leaving the skin feeling soft and nourished.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is a valuable ingredient in massage oils, contributing to a smooth glide and enhanced sensory experience during massages.
The compatibility of 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate with various fragrances makes it a suitable addition to perfumed body oils, enhancing both scent and skin feel.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in the formulation of bath oils, contributing to a luxurious bathing experience and promoting skin hydration.

The compound is used in aftershave lotions and balms, providing a soothing and moisturizing effect to calm freshly shaved skin.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is employed in cosmetic primers to create a smooth base for makeup application, enhancing the overall finish and longevity of makeup.
The compatibility of 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate with color cosmetics makes it a valuable ingredient in foundations, blushes, and eyeshadows, ensuring even application and adherence.

The ability of 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate to enhance product spreadability makes it suitable for self-tanning lotions, ensuring uniform coverage and a streak-free tan.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to the formulation of cuticle oils, aiding in softening and nourishing the cuticles for healthier-looking nails.
The moisturizing properties of 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate make it a favorable choice for hand creams, protecting and hydrating the skin on the hands.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is found in body scrubs and exfoliating products, contributing to a smoother texture while maintaining the skin's moisture balance.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is incorporated into antiperspirant and deodorant formulations to improve the application experience and enhance skin comfort.
In baby care products, 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate helps maintain the delicate skin's hydration and suppleness.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in cosmetic products targeted at mature skin, contributing to a youthful appearance by providing hydration and softening fine lines.
The compound is included in facial serums to enhance their spreadability and absorption, ensuring the effective delivery of active ingredients.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is utilized in body washes and shower gels to create a luxurious lather while keeping the skin moisturized.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in foot care products, contributing to creams and lotions that soften rough skin and soothe tired feet.

The compatibility of 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate with natural and synthetic ingredients makes it versatile for formulating products with various benefits and textures.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to the formulation of makeup setting sprays, enhancing the longevity and wear of makeup throughout the day.
The widespread use of 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate in a range of personal care products underscores its importance in enhancing the sensory experience, efficacy, and overall performance of cosmetic formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is a common ingredient in body lotions and creams, providing a soft and non-greasy texture that absorbs easily into the skin.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in baby oils and balms to maintain the delicate skin's moisture barrier and prevent dryness.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to the formulation of cuticle creams and oils, promoting healthy and nourished nails.
The compound is utilized in hand sanitizers to counteract the drying effect of alcohol and keep hands moisturized.
In cold weather skincare, 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate helps protect the skin from harsh environmental conditions by forming a barrier.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate can be found in body mists and sprays, providing a lightweight and refreshing moisturizing effect on the skin.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is incorporated into makeup removers, aiding in the gentle removal of makeup while leaving the skin hydrated.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in tattoo aftercare products, contributing to the healing process and maintaining skin comfort.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in formulations aimed at addressing dry, flaky, or irritated skin, providing relief and comfort.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to the formulation of hand washes and liquid soaps, preventing the skin from feeling overly dry after cleansing.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in sunless tanning products, ensuring an even and natural-looking tan without the risk of streakiness.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate can be found in shaving creams and gels, providing a smooth surface for the razor while moisturizing the skin.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is included in body powders to create a silky texture that glides easily on the skin.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in beard oils and balms, softening facial hair and conditioning the underlying skin.

The compound is employed in post-procedure skincare products, aiding in skin recovery and minimizing discomfort.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in anti-aging formulations to help retain moisture and promote a youthful complexion.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate can be found in makeup setting powders, contributing to a velvety finish that minimizes shine without drying out the skin.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is utilized in massage candles, where the melted wax transforms into a moisturizing massage oil upon application.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to the formulation of intimate care products, ensuring comfort and moisturization in sensitive areas.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is included in foot creams and lotions, helping to soothe and soften rough heels and dry skin.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in fragrance sprays and body splashes, enhancing the longevity of the scent while providing a hydrating effect.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in makeup primer formulations, creating a smooth canvas for foundation application.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is utilized in natural skincare products, aligning with clean beauty principles to provide effective hydration.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to the formulation of anti-chafing products, preventing friction-related discomfort in various body areas.

The compound is found in bath oils and salts, creating a nourishing and relaxing bathing experience that leaves the skin soft and supple.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is a preferred choice in body butters and creams, providing long-lasting hydration and a luxurious skin-feel.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in makeup primers to create a smooth base that helps foundation adhere evenly and last throughout the day.

The compound is included in hand exfoliants, enhancing the efficacy of exfoliation while preventing over-drying.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is a staple in body scrubs, contributing to a gentle exfoliation process while maintaining skin moisture.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is employed in massage creams and lotions, allowing for effortless gliding during massages while nourishing the skin.

The ingredient is used in beard grooming products to condition facial hair and moisturize the skin beneath.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is found in cosmetic products designed for active lifestyles, providing hydration during workouts and outdoor activities.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to the formulation of hand sanitizing gels, preventing the skin from becoming overly dry and uncomfortable.

The compound is utilized in body masks, providing an added layer of hydration and nourishment during masking routines.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is incorporated into body bronzing products, offering a sun-kissed glow with a lightweight texture.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in hair conditioning sprays, adding shine and softness without making the hair feel heavy.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is found in cuticle conditioners, helping to maintain healthy-looking nails by preventing dryness.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to body mousse formulations, providing a light and airy texture that absorbs quickly.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is included in makeup setting balms, extending the wear of makeup while maintaining a comfortable skin feel.
The compound is used in body washes and shower gels, contributing to a rich lather and a moisturized post-shower sensation.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is employed in soothing creams for irritated or sensitive skin, promoting relief and comfort.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate can be found in tattoo inks to provide a smooth application and to keep the skin hydrated during the tattooing process.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in natural and organic skincare products, aligning with clean beauty principles while delivering hydration.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is incorporated into cuticle pens for convenient and targeted cuticle care.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to makeup remover wipes, efficiently dissolving makeup while maintaining skin moisture.
The compound is utilized in body frostings and whips, creating a decadent texture that moisturizes and indulges the skin.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is found in after-sun care products, providing soothing hydration to sun-exposed skin.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in lip scrubs, aiding in the removal of dry and flaky skin while nourishing the lips.

The ingredient is included in body balms for pregnant women, helping to alleviate stretchiness and maintain skin comfort.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is employed in cuticle masks, allowing for intense hydration and replenishment of the cuticle area.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is an essential component of body oils, contributing to a luxurious and silky texture that deeply moisturizes the skin.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in facial serums, enhancing the spreadability and absorption of active ingredients for targeted skincare benefits.
The compound is incorporated into hand creams with anti-aging properties, providing both hydration and rejuvenation for the hands.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in body polishes, exfoliating the skin while leaving a nourishing residue that hydrates and soothes.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is employed in body wash oils, transforming into a gentle cleansing foam that maintains the skin's moisture balance.
The ingredient is used in nighttime skincare products, helping to restore and nourish the skin while you sleep.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is included in cuticle revitalizers, promoting healthier nails by preventing dry and brittle cuticles.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to hand masks and treatments, providing an intensive hydration boost for overworked and dry hands.
The compound is utilized in body shimmer oils, enhancing the skin's natural glow while delivering nourishment.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is found in post-workout skincare products, soothing and moisturizing the skin after physical activity.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in tattoo care balms, maintaining the vibrancy of tattoos and promoting skin healing.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in hair serums, providing a lightweight and non-greasy solution for adding shine and controlling frizz.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to cuticle oils with a roll-on applicator, offering convenient and precise cuticle care.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is employed in body gel lotions, providing a cooling and refreshing sensation while keeping the skin hydrated.
The compound is included in hand masks with warming properties, promoting relaxation and intense hydration.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is used in bath bombs and bath melts, releasing moisturizing oils into the bathwater for a nourishing soak.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in makeup remover balms, gently dissolving makeup while moisturizing the skin.
The ingredient is found in foot masks and treatments, softening rough areas and providing comfort to tired feet.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is incorporated into cuticle creams with a brush applicator, allowing for precision cuticle care.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to leave-on hair conditioners, providing a lightweight and non-greasy way to nourish and detangle the hair.
The compound is used in post-shave balms for men, soothing the skin and preventing irritation after shaving.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is included in body soufflés, offering a light and airy texture that deeply moisturizes the skin.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate plays a role in pre-tanning oils, preparing the skin for sun exposure while keeping it hydrated.
The ingredient is employed in lip masks, revitalizing and moisturizing the lips for a soft and smooth texture.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is found in scalp serums, nourishing the scalp while promoting healthy hair growth.



DESCRIPTION


2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is an ester compound commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is formed by the reaction between 2-ethylhexanol and coconut oil fatty acids.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate serves as an emollient, providing a smooth and soft texture to various formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate helps improve the spreadability and glide of products, making them easier to apply on the skin and hair.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is often found in moisturizers, lotions, creams, sunscreens, and hair care products due to its moisturizing and skin-conditioning properties.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate contributes to enhancing the overall sensory experience of cosmetic products by imparting a pleasant feel and reducing the greasiness of formulations.
Additionally, the compatibility of 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate with other ingredients makes it a versatile choice for various formulations, contributing to the efficacy and user experience of the final products.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is an ester compound derived from the reaction of 2-ethylhexanol and coconut oil fatty acids.
This chemical is characterized by its clear or slightly yellowish appearance, adding a touch of elegance to cosmetic formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is valued in the cosmetic industry for its emollient properties, contributing to a smooth and soft texture in various products.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate serves as a versatile ingredient in skincare products, offering moisturization and enhancing the overall skin-feel upon application.

The compound's ability to spread easily on the skin makes it a preferred choice for lotions, creams, and body oils.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is known to improve the spreadability of cosmetic formulations, ensuring even coverage and application on the skin's surface.
With a pleasant and non-greasy feel, 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate helps to reduce the heavy or oily sensation sometimes associated with emollient-rich products.

Its compatibility with other ingredients allows for the creation of innovative and effective cosmetic solutions.
This ester contributes to the sensory appeal of personal care products, providing a luxurious and indulgent experience.
Due to its skin-conditioning attributes, 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is often found in moisturizers, contributing to the skin's hydration and suppleness.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate can be included in sunscreens to enhance the spreadability of the product while maintaining its protective properties.
In hair care formulations, 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate offers a lightweight, non-greasy way to condition and add shine to hair strands.

Its consistency and texture make it suitable for both leave-on and rinse-off products, catering to various formulation preferences.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is considered gentle and suitable for a wide range of skin types, including sensitive skin.
The ingredient is valued for its ability to create products with a luxurious feel without compromising functionality.
Its inclusion in cosmetics contributes to enhancing the overall aesthetics and efficacy of the final products.
This ester's versatility extends to its use in cosmetic color formulations, where it helps disperse pigments evenly.

2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate's molecular structure contributes to its stability and compatibility with different ingredients and pH levels.
The compound's ability to reduce the greasiness of products is particularly beneficial for formulations intended for warm and humid climates.
Its non-comedogenic properties make it a favorable choice in formulations designed for facial care.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate's mild scent makes it suitable for fragranced products without overpowering the desired aroma.

In skincare products, 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate helps lock in moisture, creating a protective barrier that prevents excessive moisture loss.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate can be incorporated into body washes, cleansers, and shower gels to contribute to a pleasant skin-cleansing experience.
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate's reputation as a well-tolerated ingredient reinforces its role in promoting skin health and comfort.
Its widespread use across various cosmetic and personal care products underscores its importance in enhancing product performance, texture, and overall user satisfaction.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Structure: 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate is an ester compound formed by the reaction between 2-ethylhexanol and coconut oil fatty acids.
Physical State: Typically appears as a clear or slightly yellowish liquid.
Odor: Often has a mild, characteristic odor.
Solubility: Soluble in many organic solvents, including oils and alcohols.
Emollient: Acts as an emollient, providing a smooth and soft texture when applied to the skin.
Spreadability: Improves the spreadability of cosmetic formulations, ensuring even coverage and application.



FIRST AID



Inhalation:

If inhaled, remove the affected person to fresh air immediately.
If breathing is difficult, seek medical attention promptly.


Skin Contact:

In case of contact with skin, gently remove contaminated clothing.
Wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes.
If irritation or redness persists, seek medical attention.
Avoid using harsh chemicals or solvents to remove the substance from the skin.


Eye Contact:

In case of contact with eyes, gently lift the eyelids and rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, holding the eyelids open.
Seek medical attention if irritation, redness, or discomfort persists.
Do not rub the eyes, as this can cause further irritation.


Ingestion:

If ingested accidentally, do not induce vomiting.
Rinse the mouth with water if the person is conscious and able to swallow.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):
When handling 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize skin and eye contact.
This includes safety goggles, gloves, and protective clothing.

Ventilation:
Work in a well-ventilated area to prevent the buildup of vapors.
Use local exhaust ventilation if handling the substance in an enclosed space.

Avoid Skin Contact:
Avoid direct skin contact by wearing appropriate gloves.
In case of contact, wash the affected area with plenty of soap and water.
Remove contaminated clothing promptly.

Avoid Eye Contact:
Wear safety goggles to protect your eyes from potential splashes.
In case of eye contact, rinse with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Avoid Inhalation:
Avoid inhaling vapors or mists. If working in an area with potential inhalation exposure, wear a suitable respiratory protective device.

Hygiene Practices:
Wash hands and any exposed skin thoroughly after handling.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working with the substance.


Storage:

Store in a Cool, Dry Place:
Keep containers of 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate tightly closed in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames.

Temperature:
Store the substance within the recommended temperature range specified on the product's safety data sheet (SDS) to maintain its stability.

Incompatible Materials:
Keep away from strong oxidizing agents and acids, as these materials may react with the substance.

Segregation:
Store 2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate separately from incompatible materials to prevent cross-contamination and potential reactions.

Proper Labeling:
Ensure that containers are clearly labeled with the substance's name, CAS number, and any hazard symbols or precautionary statements as required by regulations.

Protection from Damage:
Store containers on shelves or pallets to prevent them from being damaged or punctured.

Keep Out of Reach:
Store out of reach of children, unauthorized personnel, and animals.



SYNONYMS


Octyl Cocoate
Octyl Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Coconut Oil Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid
Coconut Oil Octyl Ester
Coconut Fatty Acid Octyl Ester
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride Cocoate
Coconut Acid Octyl Ester
Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride from Coconut
Coco-Caprylate
Coco-Caprylate/Caprate
Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid and 2-Ethylhexanol
Caprate and Caprylate from Coconut Oil
Octyl Ester of Coconut Acid
Coconut Acid Ester of 2-Ethylhexanol
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Oil Acid
Coconut Ester of 2-Ethylhexanol
Coco-Caprylate/Caprate from Coconut Oil
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Coconut Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Cocoate Ester
Coco Ester of 2-Ethylhexanol
Coconut Acid Ester of Octanol
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Oil Acid
Coco Acid Ester of 2-Ethylhexanol
2-Ethylhexyl Coconutate
Coconut Oil Ester of 2-Ethylhexanol
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Coconut Acid
Cocoate of Octyl Ester
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Fatty Acid
Coconut Fatty Acid Ester of Octanol
Octyl Ester of Coconut Acid
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid
Coconut Acid Ester of Octyl Alcohol
Ester of Octanol and Coconut Acid
Octyl Ester of Coconut Oil Acid
Coconut Acid Octyl Ester
Coconut Acid Ester of Octyl Alcohol
Octyl Cocoate Ester
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Coconut Acid and Octanol
Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid and Octanol
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Oil Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Acid
Octyl Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid
Octyl Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid and 2-Ethylhexanol
Coconut Oil Ester of Octanol
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Fatty Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Oil Acid
Coconut Acid Ester of Octyl Ester
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Fatty Acid
Octyl Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Coconut Acid
Coconut Oil Ester of Octanol
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Fatty Acid
Coconut Acid Ester of Octyl Alcohol
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Oil Acid
Octyl Ester of Coconut Oil Acid
Coconut Acid Octyl Ester
Octyl Cocoate Ester
Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid and Octanol
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Acid
Coconut Fatty Acid Ester of Octanol
Octyl Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid and 2-Ethylhexanol
Coconut Oil Ester of 2-Ethylhexanol
Octyl Ester of Coconut Acid and 2-Ethylhexanol
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid
Coconut Acid Ester of Octyl Ester
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Oil Acid
Ester of Octanol and Coconut Acid
Octyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Acid
2-Ethylhexyl Ester of Cocos Nucifera Fatty Acid
Coconut Acid Ester of Octyl Fatty Acid
Octyl Ester of Coconut Acid and Octanol
Coconut Fatty Acid Ester of Octyl Fatty Acid
Ester of Coconut Fatty Acid and Coconut Acid
2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE
2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE = 2-EHMA


CAS Number: 688-84-6
EC Number: 211-708-6
MDL number: MFCD00009494
Molecular Formula: C12H22O2 / CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH(C2H5)(CH2)3CH3
Product type: Methacrylate monomer


2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is an acrylic monomer with molecular formula C12H22O2 and a molecular weight of 198,3.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is also known as 2-EHMA; Octyl Methacrylate; Ethylhexyl Methacrylate; 2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate; Ethyl-2-Hexylmethacrylate; 2-Propenoic acid 2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester; Methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester; 2-Ethyl-1-hexyl methacrylate.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is blend of methyl methacrylate and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is a monofunctional monomer and is a colorless liquid with characteristic strong, acrid odor.


2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate (2-EHMA) is a monofunctional monomer consisting of a methacrylate group with a characteristic high reactivity and a cyclic branched hydrophobic group.
2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate is a high grade reagent.


2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is also known as methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, this compound is an acrylate.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is available as a liquid which is immiscible in water.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate has a melting point of -50 C and a boiling point of 218 C.
While it is stable under general conditions, this reagent is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is a main methacrylic ester and polymerizable monomer.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate finds several applications in the synthesis of various organic derivatives.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate functions as a monomer in the preparation of polymethacrylate polymers.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is suitable for the industrial synthesis of products and research applications.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is produced for the use as a building block to make a wide range of polymer based products that we see and use every day from paints and coatings, toners and inks, oil additives to dental and medical products to name but a few.


2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is classified as hazardous (skin irritant and sensitizing) but has been handled safely by industry and professionals for over 60 years.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is widely used in acroletic coating , adhestive, lube, fabric auxiliary, plastic improver and oil additive etc.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate can improve the plasticity of plexiglass.It is also used in coatings, resins, adhesives, lubricants, textile additives, paper, fiber industry and other industries.


2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is used as a copolymer for improving the plasticity of organic glass.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is also used in coatings, adhesives, lubricants, textile Auxiliaries, papermaking, fiber industry and other industries.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is a colourless liquid with a ester like odour, hardly soluble in water and is used as a raw material component in the synthesis of polymers.


Copolymers of 2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, and with (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate (2-EHMA) is also a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses because it readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.


2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate (2-EHMA) is mainly used for Coating resins, Plastic improver, Reactive Systems, Textile treating agents, Fabric auxiliary, Paper & Water, Lubricating oil additives, Adhesives and also Dental materials.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is used in manufacture of plastics.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.


2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate can be used as a release coating composition.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is an acrylic monomer used to manufacture polymers and for use as a feed stock for syntheses.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate (2-EHMA) is also a very useful feedstock for chemical syntheses because it readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is used as a comonomer for organic glass, which can improve the plasticity of organic glass.


2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is also used in coating resin, adhesives, lubricants, Textile Auxiliaries, paper, fiber industry and other industries.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate can be used to make plastics and resins, are also used to make coatings, lubricant additives, fiber treatment agent, adhesives, dispersing agent and plasticizers.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is produced for use as a building block to make a wide range of polymer based products that we see and use every day from paints and coatings, toners and inks, oil additives to dental and medical products to name but a few.
Cosmetic Uses of 2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate: film formers


Main Applications of 2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate:
*Coating compounds
*adhesive agent
*fiber treatment agent



PRODUCTION OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate (2-EHMA) is an ester of Methacrylic acid.



STABILITY OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate (2-EHMA) is stable but may polymerize upon exposure to light.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate’s stabilized with hydroquinone monomethyl ether.
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate is heat sensitive and incompatible with strong acids, strong oxidizing agents and strong bases.



REACTIVITY OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate forms homopolymers and copolymers.



FEATURES & BENEFITS OF 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
*Chemical resistance
*Hydrophobicity
*Flexibility
*Scratch resistance
*Adhesion
*Heat resistance
*High solids
*Weatherability
*It is applied in the production of:
*Coating resins
*Textile treating agents
*Lubricating oil additives
*Adhesives
*Dental materials
*Chemical resistance
*Hydrophobicity
*Flexibility
*Scratch resistance
*Adhesion
*Heat resistance
*High solids
*Weatherability



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
Molecular Weight: 198.30
XLogP3: 4.5
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 8
Exact Mass: 198.161979940
Monoisotopic Mass: 198.161979940
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 14
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 185
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0

Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Density: 0.8840g/mL
Color: Undesignated
Melting Point: -50.0°C
Boiling Point: 120°C (18.0mmHg)
Flash Point: 92°C
Assay Percent Range: 98.5% min. (GC)
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Linear Formula: H2C=C(CH3)CO2CH2CH(C2H5)(CH2)3CH3
Refractive Index: 1.4370 to 1.4390
Solubility Information: Solubility in water: 0.0031g/L

Specific Gravity: 0.884
Formula Weight: 198.31
Physical Form: Liquid
Percent Purit: 99%
Stabilizer: 40 to 60ppm MEHQ
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate
Molecular Weight: 198
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Odor: Distinctive odor
Refractive Index (25℃): 1.4367
Boiling Point (℃ 760mmHg): 229
Freezing Point (℃ 760mmHg): -60 or less
Flash Point (℃) 101: (Cleveland open-cup flash test)

Ignition Temperature (℃): No data
Flammability Limits/Range: No data
Vapour Pressure: No data
Viscosity (CP 25℃): 1.68
Solubility: Hardly soluble in water
Stability& Reactivity: Polymerize under sunlight and heat
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Specific Gravity: 0.88500 @ 25.00 °C.
Boiling Point: 234.84 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 0.100000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C.
Flash Point: 198.00 °F. TCC ( 92.22 °C. )
logP (o/w): 4.540
Soluble in: water, 5.922 mg/L @ 25 °C

Physical state: clear, liquid
Color: colorless
Odor: ester-like
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: < -50 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 120 °C at 24 hPa - lit.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 92 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: 250 °C at 1.010 - 1.013 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: 2,12 mm2/s at 20 °C
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,0031 g/l at 20 °C

Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: log Pow: 4,95 at 20 °C
Vapor pressure: ca.0,065 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 0,885 g/mL at 25 °C - lit.
Relative density: 0,88 at 20 °C - DIN 51757
Relative vapor density: 7,94
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Relative vapor density: 7,94
Molecular Formula: C12H22O2
Molar Mass: 198.3
Density: 0.885g/mLat 25°C(lit.)
Melting Point: -50 °C

Boling Point: 218 °C
Flash Point: 198°F
Water Solubility: Solubility: <0.1g/l
Vapor Presure: 0.13 hPa (20 °C)
Vapor Density: 6.9 (vs air)
Appearance: Liquid
Specific Gravity: 0.885
Color: Colorless
Odor: Ester like odour
BRN: 1769420
Storage Condition: Store at +2°C to +8°C.
Stability: Stable, but may polymerize upon exposure to light.
Explosive Limit: 0.6%(V)
Refractive Index: n20/D 1.438(lit.)



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Foam
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: butyl-rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,7 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,4 mm
Break through time: 120 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
*Contains the following stabilizer(s):
hydroquinone monomethyl ether (0,005 %)



SYNONYMS:
2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE
688-84-6
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Methacrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl methacrylate
2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
2-Ethylhexyl methacryate
25719-51-1
Methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Ethylhexylmethacrylate
8Q7XLQ325N
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester, homopolymer
NSC-24173
NSC-32647
DSSTox_CID_7293
DSSTox_RID_78391
DSSTox_GSID_27293
WLN: 4Y2&1OVYU1
Methacrylate, 2-ethylisohexy
CAS-688-84-6
HSDB 5440
EINECS 211-708-6
NSC 24173
NSC 32647
BRN 1769420
UNII-8Q7XLQ325N
AI3-03266
2-Ethylhexyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
ACRYESTER EH
EC 211-708-6
Methacrylic Acid Octyl Ester
SCHEMBL16772
4-02-00-01528
Methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate Resin
poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate)
CHEMBL1871010
DTXSID3027293
WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-
2-Ethylhexyl 2-methylacrylate #
AMY4083
(+/-)-2-ethylhexyl methacrylate
NSC24173
NSC32647
Tox21_201535
Tox21_303072
MFCD00009494
MFCD00084373
ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE
AKOS015894410
2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE
NCGC00164407-01
NCGC00164407-02
NCGC00257177-01
NCGC00259085-01
AS-75460
1-HEXANOL, 2-ETHYL-, METHACRYLATE
DB-055200
2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE, (+/-)-
FT-0632809
M0591
E78302
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate (stabilized with MEHQ)
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate, (stabilized with MEHQ)
W-104653
Q27270894
2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate, 99%, contains 40 - 60 ppm MEHQ as stabilizer
2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate, 98%, contains ~50 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as stabilizer
2-ethylhexyl methacrylate
2-ethyl-1-hexyl methacrylate
2-ethylhexyl methacryate
2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-
2-ethylhexyl ester
methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
methacrylic acid
2-ethylhexyl ester
methacrylate
2-ethylisohexy
2-ethylhexylmethacrylate
dsstox_cid_7293
dsstox_rid_78391
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate
EHMA
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate
2-EHMA
OCTYL METHACRYLATE
Ethylhexyl Methacrylat
ETHYLHEXYLMETHACRYLATE
2-ethylhexylmethacryate
2-Ethylhexylmethacrylat
2-Ethylhexyl methacryate
2-ethvlhexvlmethacrvlate
2-ETHYLHEXYL METHACRYLATE
ETHYL-2-HEXYLMETHACRYLATE
EHMA
H 22
NSC 32647
NSC 24173
AI3-03266
HSDB 5440
NSC 24173
NSC 32647
BRN 1769420
Acryester EH
Light Ester EH
Blemmer EHMA 25
H 22(methacrylate)
2-ethylhexylmethacryate
2-Ethylhexyl methacryate
2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate
methacrylate,2-ethylisohexy
2-ethyl-1-hexylmethacrylate
Methacrylate, 2-ethylisohexy
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl methacrylate
2-Ethylhexyl 2-methylacrylate
Methacrylic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, methacrylate(6CI)
(2R)-2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
(2S)-2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
2-methyl-2-propenoicaci2-ethylhexylester
2-Propenoicacid,2-methyl-,2-ethylhexylester
4-02-00-01528 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Methacrylicacid, 2-ethylhexyl ester (6CI,7CI,8CI)
2-Propenoic acid
2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Methacrylicacid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-, methacrylate
2-Ethylhexyl Methacrylate
Acryester EH
Blemmer EHMA 25
H 22
Light Ester EH
NSC 24173
NSC 32647
Octyl methacrylate
Methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl methacrylate
2-Ethylhexyl methacryate
2-Ethylhexyl methacrylate
Methacrylic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester
2-Ethyl-1-hexyl methacrylate
2-Ethylhexyl methacryate
2-Ethylhexyl 2-methylacrylate
2-ETHYLHEXYL OCTADECANOATE
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is again one member of the groups called stearate esters which are obtained by reacting stearic acid with an alkyl group containing alcohol.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a clear, almost colorless (or slightly yellowish) oily liquid (an ester to be precise) that's used as a medium spreading emollient.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate gives skin a nice and smooth after-feel and it's very good at reducing oiliness or greasiness coming from other heavier oils in the formula.

CAS Number: 22047-49-0
EC Number: 244-754-0
Molecular Formula: C26H52O2
Molecular Weight: 396.6899

Synonyms: 22047-49-0 [RN], 244-754-0 [EINECS], 2-ethylhexyl octadecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Ethylhexylstearat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE, Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester [ACD/Index Name], Stéarate de 2-éthylhexyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], [22047-49-0], 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, mixture of stearate and palmitate (7:3), 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, mixture of stearate and palmitate (7:3), Technical grade, 2-Ethylhexyloctadecanoate, 2-ETHYLHEXYLSTEARATE, AGN-PC-00L26C, CHEMBL3184927, DSSToxCID27178, DSSToxGSID47178, DSSToxRID82175, ethyl 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate, MFCD00072275 [MDL number], SCHEMBL153398, stearic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, octyl ester [ACD/Index Name], octyl octadecanoate, Octyl stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name], Octylstearat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Stéarate d'octyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], Stearic acid, octyl ester, 22047-49-0 [RN], 244-754-0 [EINECS], 2-ethylhexyl octadecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate [ACD/IUPAC Name], 2-Ethylhexylstearat [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name], ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE, Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester [ACD/Index Name], Stéarate de 2-éthylhexyle [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name], [22047-49-0] [RN], 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, mixture of stearate and palmitate (7:3), 2-Ethylhexyloctadecanoate, 2-ETHYLHEXYLSTEARATE, AGN-PC-00L26C, CHEMBL3184927,, DSSToxCID27178, DSSToxGSID47178, DSSToxRID82175, ethyl 4-hydroxycyclohexane-1-carboxylate, MFCD00072275 [MDL number], SCHEMBL153398, stearic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, 22047-49-0, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate, Ethylhexyl stearate, Cetiol 868, Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, EG3PA2K3K5, DTXSID9047178, Stearic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester, C26H52O2, ethyl hexyl stearate, CRODAMOL OS, TEGOSOFT OS, ETHOX EHS, PELEMOL OS, EXCEPARL EH-S, UNII-EG3PA2K3K5, SCHEMBL153398, ?2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE, ESTOL 1545, CHEMBL3184927, DTXCID7027178, OPJWPPVYCOPDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N, ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE [INCI], Tox21_302619, ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE [WHO-DD], MFCD00072275, AKOS015901877, NCGC00256861-01, CAS-22047-49-0, CS-0152204, FT-0756635, E78095, EC 244-754-0, W-110539, Q27277167, OCTADECANOIC ACID, 2-ETHYLHEXYL ESTER, (+/-)-, 2-Ethylhexyl stearate, mixture of stearate and palmitate (4:6)

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is commonly used as an emollient to deliver skin-softening properties and a smooth afterfeel.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a medium spreading emollient for all kind of cosmetic applications.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate or octyl stearate is an ester of stearic acid with octanol.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is again one member of the groups called stearate esters which are obtained by reacting stearic acid with an alkyl group containing alcohol.

Stearate esters all have unique properties of oily nature, but low viscosity and lighter feel.
That’s why they are the choice of solvents in makeup related products.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is obtained from various animal and plant source.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate comes as clear to slightly yellowish liquid.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate, also known as Ethylhexyl Stearate or Octyl Stearate, is a renewable palm derivative with a variety of uses in both personal care and cosmetics manufacturing.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a stearate ester with similar properties to Isopropyl Myristate.
As with all stearate personal care esters, the 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate manufacturing process entails a reaction between 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate and alcohols such as cetyl, butyl, isopropyl or myristyl alcohol.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a fatty acid derived from animal fat.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate acts as a lubricant that softens the skin and gives 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate a smooth appearance.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is excellent liquid emollient and thickening agent for cosmetic formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate provides a soft barrier to the skin to impart moisturization and a smooth feel.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a clear, almost colorless (or slightly yellowish) oily liquid (an ester to be precise) that's used as a medium spreading emollient.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate gives skin a nice and smooth after-feel and it's very good at reducing oiliness or greasiness coming from other heavier oils in the formula.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used an emollient derived from plant oil that prevents water loss
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is also known as Octyl Stearate

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also known as 2-Ethylhexyl stearate or Octyl stearate is a palm derivative which is renewable in nature and is extensively used in personal care industry.
The stearate esters are prepared by the reaction between 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate and alcohol such as isopropyl, ethylhexyl, myistyl alcohol, cetyl, butyl among others.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can be obtained form from animal origin as well as vegetable fats.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is prepared by the reaction between 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate and ethylhexyl alcohol.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a clear ester liquid which is free of suspended matter and is available in colourless liquid form.
Ethylhexyl alcohol possess unique property of low viscosity and oily nature owing to which when applied on skin or lips 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate forms an hydrophobic film.
Thereby, softens the skin and imparts smooth appearance.

With rising consumer concern towards personal health, demand for personal care serices and products are witnessing a substantial growth.
Thereby, boosting the market growth of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate as 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is commonly used ester in personal care products.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is commonly used as an emollient which prevents the water loss.
Hence, is extensively used as emulsion, bath oils and as solvent in cosmetic products.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is widely used in the manufacturing of formulations for skin make up, lipstick, eye liner and other skin care products.
Apart from personal care industry, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also widely used as an intermediate, lubricating agent and surface active agent.

Owing to these properties ethtylhexyl stearate is commonly used in the manufacturing of metal working fluids.
Also, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate offers good thermal stability and hence finds application in aluminium rolling, also is used in manufacturing of ink additives and paints.
Hence, broad spectrum of application provides an opportunistic platform for the robust growth of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate market over the period of time.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a special emollient ester in cosmetic formulations.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a softening, thickening agent, dispersant and solvent.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is often used as a base for skin care agents.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is suitable for use in lotions, sunscreens, hair care, lip care, eye care, antiperspirant and bath oils.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is oil soluble and supplied as a whitish clear liquid.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate, also known as Ethylhexyl Stearate or Octyl Stearate, is a renewable palm derivative that has a variety of uses in both personal care and cosmetic manufacturing.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a stearate ester with similar properties to Isopropyl Myristat.

As with all stearate personal care esters, the 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate manufacturing process causes a reaction between 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate and alcohols such as cetyl, butyl, isopropyl or myristyl alcohol.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate acts as a lubricant that softens the skin and gives 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate a smooth appearance.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate or Octyl stearate, is a date derivative that is renewable in nature and widely used in the personal care industry.
Stearate esters are prepared by the reaction between 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate and alcohol such as isopropyl, ethylhexyl, myistyl alcohol, cetyl, butyl, among others.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can be obtained from vegetable oils as well as from animal origin.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is prepared by the reaction between 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate and ethylhexyl alcohol.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a clear ester liquid with no suspended matter and available in colorless liquid form.
Ethylhexyl alcohol has a unique property of low viscosity and oily nature, as 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate forms a hydrophobic film when applied to the skin or lips.
Thus, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate softens the skin and gives 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate a smooth appearance.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is an excellent moisturizer with low comedogenicity and medium spreading properties.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance while preventing water loss.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is very suitable for use in sun screen formulations.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a renewable palm derivative with a variety of uses in both personal care and industrial applications.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in cosmetic formulations as a solvent, carrying agent, wetting agent, emollient, and used mostly in the formulation of, eye/skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also widely used in metal working fluids, textile auxiliaries and lube & grease.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a chemical compound that belongs to the family of esters.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is commonly used in various industries, including cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and plastics.
This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate, including 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate method of synthesis or extraction, chemical structure, biological activity, biological effects, applications, future perspectives, and challenges.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a low odor product with resistance to extraction by water, oils and solvents.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is the least effective costabilizer on 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate range due to 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate lower oxirane value but is good at reducing viscosity in plastisols and remains liquid down to -20°C.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in cosmetics to provide a barrier between skin and the elements, and to soften and smooth the skin.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and emollient.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate used as plasticizer for natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate used as release agent.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate used as lubricating agent for process aluminium foil; creates plasticity.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate used in the pharmaceutical industry and in plastics; oil agent of textile; additive for leather.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a light ester with low viscosity (7-10,5 cSt) and emollient properties.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate improves the spreadability of preparations, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate easily absorbed and leaves a non-greasy, non-occlusive protective film on the skin, which feels silky and smooth.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is ideal on makeup formulations such as lipsticks and mascaras.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is an ester of stearic acid and 2-ethylhexanol.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a clear, colorless liquid with a faint odor and a low viscosity.

The chemical formula of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is C26H52O2, and 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate has a molecular weight of 368.64 g/mol.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is commonly used in the cosmetic industry as an emollient and a solvent.

As an emollient, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate has a softening and smoothing effect on the skin and hair, making them feel less greasy and more comfortable.
As a solvent, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can dissolve other ingredients and help them spread more evenly on the skin or hair.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is considered safe for use in cosmetics, and 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate low toxicity makes 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate an attractive ingredient for a variety of personal care products.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is also known as Octyl stearate, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can be used as a lubricant in all kinds of cosmetic products.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is an IPM alternative.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate has a medium-low lubrication feel.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can be used in products where oiliness is not desired.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate will also reduce the oiliness of other oils.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a cream-type cleansing cosmetic compound containing large amount of oil phase and 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate manufacturing method.
In cosmetics and personal care products, stearate esters are used most frequently in the formulation of eye makeup, skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in personal care applications and and in can lubes.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a palm dervied product made from Stearic Acid and 2-Ethylhexanol.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can be considered a protector of the skin.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is an emollient derived from plant oil.

The lipide prevents water loss and therefore helps the skin to efficiently store moisture.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is acts as a good moisturizer and emollient for skin creams, lotions and sunscreen.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a cationic polymerization that is used in the production of polyvinyl chloride.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate has been shown to be an effective additive for hydrophobic effects, and 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate has very high values for surface methodology.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is also clinically proven to have skin cell penetration properties and can be used as a carrier agent for other ingredients.
The fatty acid portion of this molecule provides hydroxyl groups, which may help with the function of dimethyl fumarate.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also contains a potassium hexafluorophosphate group in 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate structure, which can be used as an emulsifier or dispersant.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is mainly a skin conditioning ingredient and 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate acts primarily as lubricant on the skin's surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.
In our products, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used as hair conditioner.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate helps to increase the softness and smoothness of hair, reduce tangles and surface roughness.

Use and Benefits of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is also linked to skin’s natural fatty acid content, so 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is ideal for skin preparation.
Moreover, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate imparts the right amount of viscosity to 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate acts as a thickening agent as well.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also forms a film over the skin, a hydrophobic barrier which does not let the moisture pass through and escape from the skin.
And without any greasy feel, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate moisturizes the skin.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also nourishes the skin and provides a protective barrier; moist skin is healthy enough to fight any external inflammation.
After regular application, resultant skin may become softer and smoother.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is most frequently used in skincare products, lipstick, skin makeup, and eye makeup.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a surfactant with a wide variety of applications and can be found, for example, as a solvent in lubricants and lubricant additives, surface treatment agents.
The following consumer products may contain 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate: fabrics, textiles and leather products, detergents, dishwashing liquids, lubricants, oils (excluding food oils) and others.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is often used as an emollient to prevent water loss.
For this reason, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is widely used as a solvent in emulsions, bath oils and cosmetic products.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is widely used in the production of formulations for skin make-up, lipstick, eyeliner and other skin care products.
Besides the personal care industry, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is also used as an intermediate, lubricant and surfactant oris widely used.

Because of these properties, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is widely used in the production of metalworking fluids.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also offers good thermal stability and therefore finds application in aluminum rolling, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is also used in the manufacture of ink additives and paints.
Therefore, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate wide range of applications provides an opportunistic platform for the 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate market to grow strongly over time.

However, with the increasing demand for organic and natural personal care products, various natural-based ingredients are used in the production of personal care products.
Thus, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate limits the market growth of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate.

Moreover, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is derived from animal fat, which is hindering the growth of the 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate market with the increasing adoption of vegan-based products.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also causes mild eye irritation and produces a mild odor, which may affect the adoption of ethyl stearate-based products among consumers.

Usage Areas of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in cosmetic Softener, Dispersant, Solvent and Thickener.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in metalworking lubricant.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is branched chain softener ester specially developed for personal care and pharmaceutical applications.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is non-occlusive with good spreading properties.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is excellent super lubricant in detergent systems and soaps.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is increases hair shine.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in bath oils, skin cleansers, shampoos and conditioners.

Cosmetic use:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in oil-based with low viscosity, high penetration and spreading effect.

Uses at industrial sites:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, metal surface treatment products, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes and pH regulators and water treatment products.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used for the manufacture of: textile, leather or fur.
Release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as processing aid, as processing aid and as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates).

Industry Uses:
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)
Surface active agents
Emulsifier
Hydraulic fluids
Intermediate
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Other
Solubility enhancer
Surface modifier
Surfactant (surface active agent)

Consumer Uses:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, adhesives and sealants, lubricants and greases, polymers, textile treatment products and dyes, plant protection products, polishes and waxes and fertilisers.
Release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles and in processing aids at industrial sites.
Other release to the environment of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Other consumer Uses:
Fabric, textile, and leather products not covered elsewhere
Laundry and dishwashing products
Lubricants and greases
Non-TSCA use
Personal care products
Emulsifier
Hydraulic fluids
Intermediate
Lubricants and lubricant additives
Lubricating agent
Other
Solubility enhancer
Surfactant (surface active agent)

Applications of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate acts as a good moisturizer and emollient in personal care formulations like skin creams, lotions and sunscreens.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is also finds use in color cosmetics like eyebrow pencil, concealer, lipstick etc.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used as an oil component for bath oils, bath emulsions, and as a solvent for active substances in cosmetics.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a variety of resin processing of the lubricant, non-toxic, with water resistance and good thermal stability.
Mainly used for PVC transparent soft and hard extrusion, injection molding, calendering products, the amount of 0.5-1 copies.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate of the modified vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer, polystyrene, nitrile rubber and other processing performance is also very effective.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can also be used as a lubricant for fabrics, waterproofing agents, lubricants additives, cosmetics base material and so on.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a specialty emollient ester.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a superior emollient, thickening agent, dispersant, and solvent.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate properties allow use as a cleaner or diluent for lipophilic systems; cosmetic emollient and dispersant; plastic additive as external lubricant; industrial lubricant or separator; substitution of mineral, vegetable and selected silicone oils; and pigment binding and dispersing coagent.

Categories: Thickeners / Emulsifiers, Texture Enhancer, Softeners
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is often used as an emollient for 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate skin softening properties and smooth feel.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is often used as the base for skin conditioning agents.
Suitable for use in lotions, sunscreens, hair care, lip care, eye care, antiperspirants, and bath oils.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoates serve as intermediates, surface active agents and lubricants/lubricant additives.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is functions include the following.
CASE: Paint and Ink Additive
Lube and Grease: Oil Base Fluid
Metal Working Fluids: Lubricant with Excellent Adhesion to Metals and Good Thermal Stability. Also Used in Aluminum Rolling
Plastics: Lubricant
Rubber: Processing Agent
Textiles: Oiling Agent
Personal Care: Thickening Agent, Skin Conditioning Agent and Emollient in Skin Care Products
Cosmetics: Used as a Base, a Thickening Agent, a Pigment Wetting Agent, a Dispersant, a Solvent and an Emollient in Skin and Eye Make-Up and in Lipstick.
Personal care products/cosmetics using 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate: Lipstick, eye makeup, skin care and makeup products, moisturizers, anti-wrinkle creams and lotions, anti-aging products, hair conditioners and styling products, baby lotions and eye shadow

Industry Based 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate Applications:
Personal care
Textile
Chemicals

Applications of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate based on functionality:
Lubrication
Processing
Darkening
Distributor

Other Applications:
After sun
Baby Care and Cleaning
Body care
Color Care
Facial Facial
Personal Cleaner
Care Wipes
Self Tanning
Sun protection
Bath, Shower & Soaps
Eye Colour
Face / Neck Skin Care
Face Colour
Facial Cleansers
Hair Conditioners - Rinse off
Lip Colour
Shampoos
Sun Protection
Tanning

Method of Synthesis or Extraction of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can be synthesized by the esterification of stearic acid with 2-ethylhexanol.
The reaction is catalyzed by an acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid or p-toluenesulfonic acid.

The efficiency and yield of this method depend on the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and reaction time.
The yield of this method is typically high, ranging from 80% to 95%.
However, this method may have environmental and safety considerations, such as the use of hazardous chemicals and the generation of waste.

Chemical Structure and Biological Activity of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate has a chemical formula of C24H48O2 and a molecular weight of 368.64 g/mol.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a colorless to pale yellow liquid with a faint odor.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate has been shown to have various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate acts by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, scavenging free radicals, and disrupting the cell membrane of microorganisms.

Biological Effects of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate has been shown to have potential therapeutic effects on various diseases, such as acne, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can improve skin hydration, reduce skin irritation, and enhance the penetration of active ingredients.

However, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate may also have potential toxic effects, such as skin sensitization, eye irritation, and reproductive toxicity.
The toxicity of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate depends on the dose, exposure route, and duration.

General Manufacturing Information of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Electrical Equipment, Appliance, and Component Manufacturing
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Machinery Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Petroleum Lubricating Oil and Grease Manufacturing
Printing Ink Manufacturing
Printing and Related Support Activities
Soap, Cleaning Compound, and Toilet Preparation Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Functions of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
According to Chemiplast, a Belgian researcher, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is used as an oil component for emulsions, bath oils, and as a solvent for active substances in cosmetics.
Stearate esters are used most frequently in the formulation of eye makeup, skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.

Properties of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is a clear liquid ester that is free of suspended matter, although 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate may also be a waxy solid.
Colorless in its liquid form, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate produces a faint odor.

2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is soluble in many organic solvents, although 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is insoluble in water and 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can also dissolve other substances.
When applied to the skin, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate will leave a thin coating upon drying.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate also reduces the thickness of lipsticks.

Storage of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate at normal temperatures and provide adequate ventilation.
Keep 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate from contacting oxidizing agents and observe all local regulations regarding safe product disposal.

Safety of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
The 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate safety sheet indicates this chemical product is not hazardous.
However, 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate can cause irritation to the eyes or when ingested, although 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate is unlikely to cause skin irritation.
2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate will remain stable under typical handling and working conditions.

Safety Measures/Side Effects:
The CIR Expert Panel notes that the safety of the stearate esters has been assessed in a number of studies.
They have low acute oral toxicity and are essentially non-irritating to the eyes.
At cosmetic use concentrations, the stearate esters were, at most, minimally irritating to skin.

Identifiers of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
CAS No.: 22047-49-0
Chemical Name: 2-ETHYLHEXYL STEARATE
CBNumber: CB8120607
Molecular Formula: C26H52O2
Molecular Weight: 396.69
MDL Number: MFCD00072275

Properties of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
Appearance @ 20°C: Clear to light yellow liquid
Acid value (MGKOH/G): 1 Maximum
Saponification value: 142-156
Iodine value (WIJS): 1 Maximum
Hydroxyl value (MGKOH/G): 3 Maximum
Refractive index @ 25°C: 1.445-1.448
Specific gravity @25°C: 0.850-0.860

Density: 0.86g/cm3
Boiling Point: 438.7ºC at 760mmHg
Molecular Formula: C26H52O2
Molecular Weight: 396.69000
Flash Point: 225.6ºC
Exact Mass: 396.39700
PSA: 26.30000
LogP: 9.15160
Vapour Pressure: 6.79E-08mmHg at 25°C
Index of Refraction: 1.451

Boiling point: 420.33°C (rough estimate)
Density: 0.8789 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.4563 (estimate)
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: Chloroform (Slightly), Hexanes (Slightly)
form: Oil
color: Colourless
Specific Gravity: 0.826
InChI: InChI=1S/C26H52O2/c1-4-7-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-20-21-23-26(27)28-24-25(6-3)22-8-5-2/h25H,4-24H2,1-3H3
InChIKey: OPJWPPVYCOPDCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES: C(OCC(CC)CCCC)(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC
LogP: 11.994 (est)

Molecular Weight: 396.7 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: 11.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 23
Exact Mass: 396.396730897 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 396.396730897 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 28
Complexity: 314
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Related Products of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:
(2'S)-Nicotine 1-Oxide-d4
rac-Nicotine 1-Oxide-d4
1,7-Dimethyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-g]quinoxalin-2-amine
Disulfoton Sulfone
Disulfoton

Names of 2-Ethylhexyl octadecanoate:

IUPAC names:
2-ethylhexyl octadecanoate
2-Ethylhexyl Stearate
2-Ethylhexyl stearate
2-ethylhexyl stearate
2-ethylhexyl stearate
LINCOL 60 LINCOL OS
octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
Octadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester + Hexadecanoic acid, 2-ethylhexyl ester
octyl octadecanoate
Viscostatic E20
2-Ethylhexyl stearate
SYNONYMS Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester, sodium salt;Tergitol 08;2-Ethylhexylsulfate sodium;Sodium octyl sulfate, iso;Tergitol anionic 08;Propaste 6708;Sodium Ethasulfate [USAN];Sodium (2-ethylhexyl)alcohol sulfate CAS NO:126-92-1
2-Ethylhexyl Sulfate
2-Ethyl-1-hexanol sulfate; [(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]sulfonic acid; Sulfuric acid, mono(2-ethylhexyl) ester; Arw-7; Tc-ETS; TC-EHS; sipexbos; Niaproof; sulfirol8; tergemist; tergimist; emcold5-10; nci-c50204 cas no :126-92-1
2-ETHYLHEXYL,SODIUM SALT
Ethylhexanol; Octyl Alcohol; 2-EH; 2-Ethylhexanol; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-Ethyl-hexanol-1; Ethylhexyl alcohol; cas no: 104-76-7
2-ETIL HEKZANOL
SYNONYMS 2-Benzothiazolethiol; captax; Rotax; Dermacid; MBT; Mercaptobenzothiazole; Mertax; Nocceler M; Thiotax; 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione; Pennac MBT; Rokon; Sulfadene; Benzothiazolethiol; Bbenzothiazole-2-thiol; 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione; Accelerator M; Vulkacit M; Vulkacit mercapto; CAS NO. 149-30-4
2-HEPTANONE
2-Heptanone is a colorless liquid with a strong, sweet odor and has a molecular formula of C7H14O.
2-Heptanone is widely used in industrial applications as a solvent for paints, coatings, adhesives, and inks, due to its high solvency power and relatively low toxicity compared to other ketones.
Additionally, 2-Heptanone is employed in the production of fragrances and flavors, and has potential use as an alternative local anesthetic due to its unique properties.

CAS Number: 110-43-0
EC Number: 203-767-1
Molecular Dormula: C7H14O
Molar Weight: 114.185

Synonyms: 2-HEPTANONE, Heptan-2-one, 110-43-0, Methyl pentyl ketone, Butylacetone, Amyl methyl ketone, Methyl amyl ketone, Methyl n-amyl ketone, n-Amyl methyl ketone, n-Pentyl methyl ketone, Heptanone, Pentyl methyl ketone, Methyl n-pentyl ketone, Ketone, methyl pentyl, Amyl-methyl-cetone, Methyl-amyl-cetone, Ketone C-7, FEMA No. 2544, NSC 7313, CHEMBL18893, CHEBI:5672, DTXSID5021916, 89VVP1B008, NSC-7313, Methyl-n-amylketone, DTXCID601916, 2-Heptanone (natural), FEMA Number 2544, Amyl-methyl-cetone [French], Methyl-amyl-cetone [French], CAS-110-43-0, HSDB 1122, EINECS 203-767-1, UN1110, BRN 1699063, UNII-89VVP1B008, AI3-01230, CCRIS 8809, 1-Methylhexanal, 2-Ketoheptane, heptanone-2, methylpentylketone, 2-heptanal, 2-Oxoheptane, Nat. 2-Heptanone, 2-Heptanone, 98%, 2-Heptanone, 99%, 2-HEPTANONE [MI], EC 203-767-1, n-C5H11COCH3, 2-HEPTANONE [FCC], 2-HEPTANONE [FHFI], 2-HEPTANONE [HSDB], SCHEMBL29364, 4-01-00-03318 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), 2-heptanone_GurudeebanSatyavani, SCHEMBL1122991, WLN: 5V1, 2-Heptanone, analytical standard, 2-Heptanone(Methyl Amyl Ketone), NSC7313, 2-Heptanone, natural, 98%, FG, Methyl n-Amyl Ketone Reagent Grade, ZINC1531087, Tox21_202164, Tox21_302935, BBL011381, BDBM50028842, LMFA12000004, MFCD00009513, STL146482, 2-Heptanone, >=98%, FCC, FG, Methyl Amyl Ketone (Fragrance Grade), AKOS000120708, UN 1110, NCGC00249180-01, NCGC00256611-01, NCGC00259713-01, VS-02935, FT-0612484, H0037, EN300-21047, C08380, A802193, Q517266, J-509557, n-Amyl methyl ketone [UN1110] [Flammable liquid], Ick, MAK, hICK, LCK2, fj04c02, KIAA0936, kinase ICK, 2-Heptanal, 2-Heptanon, 2-Heptanone, heptan-2-one, 2-Oxoheptane, 2-Ketoheptane, 1-Methylhexanal, Methyl amyl ketone, Amyl-methyl-cetone, n-Amyl methyl ketone, Methyl n-pentyl ketone, Intestinal cell kinase, Laryngeal cancer kinase 2, amyl-methyl-cetone(french)

2-Heptanone, also known Heptan-2-one, is a ketone with the molecular formula C7H14O.
2-Heptanone is a colorless, water-like liquid with a banana-like, fruity odor.
2-Heptanone has a neutral formal charge, and is only slightly soluble in water.

2-Heptanone is a natural product found in Aloe africana, Zingiber mioga, and other organisms with data available.
2-Heptanone is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

2-Heptanone is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
2-Heptanone is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing and at industrial sites.

2-Heptanone is listed by the FDA as a "food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption" (21 CFR 172.515), and 2-Heptanone occurs naturally in certain foods (e.g., beer, white bread, butter, various cheeses and potato chips).

The mechanism of action of 2-Heptanone as a pheromone at odorant receptors in rodents has been investigated.
2-Heptanone is present in the urine of stressed rats and believe that 2-Heptanone is used as a means to alert other rats.

Certain species of worms are attracted to 2-Heptanone and bacteria can use this as a means of pathogenesis.
2-Heptanone has also been found to be excreted by honey bees when they bite small pests within the colony such as wax moth larvae and Varroa mites.

Though 2-Heptanone was historically believed to be an alarm pheromone, 2-Heptanone has been shown to act as an anaesthetic on the pests, enabling the honey bee to stun the pest and eject 2-Heptanone from the hive.
The work could lead to the use of 2-Heptanone as an alternative local anaesthetic to lidocaine, which although well established for clinical use, has the disadvantage of provoking allergic reactions in some people.

2-Heptanone was one of the metabolites of n-heptane found in the urine of employees exposed to heptane in shoe and tire factories.
This commonly occurs from exposure to plasticisers.

2-Heptanone can be absorbed through the skin, inhaled and consumed.
Exposure to 2-Heptanone can cause irritation of skin/eyes, respiratory system, headaches, vomiting, and nausea.

In mice 2-H is a urinary component and pheromone.
2-Heptanone has a high affinity for the main olfactory epithelium.
Gaillard et al 2002 found that 2-Heptanone agonizes one specific olfactory receptor, and that that OR only binds 2-H.

2-Heptanone is a colorless liquid with a strong, sweet odor.
2-Heptanone is a member of the ketone family of organic compounds and has a molecular formula of C6H12O.
2-Heptanone is commonly used as a solvent in various industrial applications due to 2-Heptanone unique properties and advantages.

One of the key advantages of 2-Heptanone is its high solvency power.
2-Heptanone is a very effective solvent for many organic compounds, particularly those that are insoluble in water.

This makes 2-Heptanone useful in applications such as paint and coating formulations, adhesives, and inks.
2-Heptanone is also used as a solvent in the production of various chemicals, such as pharmaceuticals and pesticides.

Another advantage of 2-Heptanone is relatively low toxicity compared to other ketones.
2-Heptanone has a lower vapor pressure and boiling point than other ketones, which means that 2-Heptanone is less likely to vaporize and become a hazard in the workplace.

However, 2-Heptanone is still important to handle with care and use in accordance with appropriate safety protocols.
This includes the use of protective equipment, such as gloves and safety goggles, as well as proper ventilation and storage.

2-Heptanone is also used in the production of fragrances and flavors, as well as in the production of resins and polymers.
2-Heptanone is a useful intermediate in the production of other chemicals and is used as a starting material in the production of other ketones.
2-Heptanone is also used as a fuel additive to improve the combustion efficiency of gasoline.

2-Heptanone has a high solvent activity, slow evaporation rate, low density, low surface tension, and high boiling point.
These properties make 2-Heptanone a very good solvent for cellulosic lacquers, acrylic lacquers, and high-solids coatings.
Because regulations limit the weight of solvent per gallon of coating, formulators favor the use of low-density solvents that help reduce the VOC content of a coating.

2-Heptanone is lower in density than ester, aromatic hydrocarbons, and glycol ether solvents with similar evaporation rates.
The low density and high activity of 2-Heptanone are significant advantages when formulating high-solids coatings to meet VOC guidelines.
2-Heptanone is also used as a polymerization solvent for high solids acrylic resins.

The chemical substances for 2-Heptanone are listed as Inert Ingredients Permitted for Use in Nonfood Use Pesticide Products, and in Food Use Pesticide Products with limitations, under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA).

Applications of 2-Heptanone:
Auto OEM
Auto refinish
General industrial coatings
Herbicides int
Paints & coatings
Process solvents

Uses of 2-Heptanone:
2-Heptanone is used for the synthesis of industrial solvents and fragrances, such as the components used to make caryophyllum oil.

Micro-amounts are suitable for carnation or other octyl fragrance types, which can be shared with Artemisia or basil, seashell oil in herb fragrance types, the formation of a new head fragrance.
With the spice, fruit flavor can coordinate and good synthesis.

In the food flavor, for the banana type food flavor can increase the milk fat flavor, also suitable for coconut, cream, cheese flavor food flavor.
GB 2760-96 provides for the permitted use of flavorants.

2-Heptanone is mainly used in the preparation of cheese, banana, cream and coconut flavor.
2-Heptanone is used for the synthesis of industrial solvents and fragrances, such as the components used to make caryophyllum oil.

2-Heptanone is widely used in industrial solvent, fiber, medicine, pesticide, perfume chemical industry and other fields
2-Heptanone is used in organic synthesis; Trace suitable for carnation or other octanoaromatic type, in the herb fragrance can be shared with the grass Artemisia or basil, Sea oil, the formation of new head fragrance.

With the spice, fruit flavor can coordinate and good synthesis.
In the food flavor, for the banana type food flavor can increase the milk fat flavor, also suitable for coconut, cream, cheese flavor food flavor; For industrial solvents, fiber, medicine, pesticide, perfume and Chemical Industry.

2-Heptanone is used as a solvent for resins and lacquers, a fragrance for cosmetics, and a flavor for foods.
2-Heptanone is solvent for nitrocellulose lacquers.

2-Heptanone is used in perfumery as constituent of artificial carnation oils; as industrial solvent
2-Heptanone is used as a solvent in metal roll coatings and in synthetic resin finishes and lacquers, as a flavoring agent, and in perfumes.

2-Heptanone can be used in the following industries:
Food & Feed, Pharma & Life Science, Other Industries, Cosmetics & Personal Care

2-Heptanone can be applied as:
Oleochemicals, Fragrances, Food Additives

Consumer Uses:
2-Heptanone is used in the following products: plant protection products, adhesives and sealants, coating products, fillers, putties, plasters, modelling clay, cosmetics and personal care products, air care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), perfumes and fragrances, polishes and waxes and washing & cleaning products.
Other release to the environment of 2-Heptanone is likely to occur from: indoor use as processing aid and outdoor use as processing aid.

Other Consumer Uses:
Binder
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Solvent
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Widespread uses by professional workers:
2-Heptanone is used in the following products: washing & cleaning products, fertilisers, plant protection products, coating products, cosmetics and personal care products, polishes and waxes, laboratory chemicals and polymers.
2-Heptanone is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing.

2-Heptanone is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles.
Other release to the environment of 2-Heptanone is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.

Uses at industrial sites:
2-Heptanone is used in the following products: coating products, photo-chemicals, laboratory chemicals and semiconductors.
2-Heptanone is used in the following areas: scientific research and development.

2-Heptanone is used for the manufacture of: machinery and vehicles, chemicals and electrical, electronic and optical equipment.
Release to the environment of 2-Heptanone can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, in the production of articles, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

Industry Uses:
Cleaning agent
Intermediates
Paint additives and coating additives not described by other categories
Solvent
Solvents (which become part of product formulation or mixture)

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Painting (Solvents)
Plastic Composites Manufacturing

Key attributes of 2-Heptanone:
Excellent solvent activity
High dilution ratio
Inert - Food use with limitations
Inert - Nonfood use
Low density
Low surface tension
Non-HAP
Non-SARA
REACH compliant
Readily Biodegradable
Slow evaporation rate
Urethane grade

Nature of 2-Heptanone:
2-Heptanone is colorless, fragrant, stable liquid.
2-Heptanone is slightly soluble in water.

2-Heptanone is melting Point -35 °c.
2-Heptanone is boiling point 151.5 °c.

2-Heptanone is relative density 0.8166.
2-Heptanone is refractive index 4067.

2-Heptanone is viscosity (25 °c) 0.766MPA.
2-Heptanone is flash point 47.
2-Heptanone is very slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether.

Preparation Method of 2-Heptanone:
The extraction method is obtained by extracting clove oil or cinnamon oil.
2-heptanol method is prepared by dehydrogenation of 2-heptanol.
n-butyl acetoacetate method.

Production Method of 2-Heptanone:
1. Obtained by saponification of ethyl butyl acetoacetate.
Ethyl butyl acetoacetate was added to 5% sodium hydroxide solution and stirred at room temperature for 4H.

The layers were allowed to stand and separated.
The aqueous layer reacts with 50% sulfuric acid, and as the reaction becomes moderate to the release of carbon dioxide, the reaction is slowly heated to boil, distilling from 0.33 to 0.5% of the original total volume.

The distillate was made alkaline with solid sodium hydroxide and then distilled off 80-90%.
The distillate is layered, the ketone is separated into layers, and the water layer is distilled out for one third.

After the ketone is removed from the distilled material, the water layer is further distilled out for one third, which is repeated in this way, the resulting 2-Heptanone was collected as far as possible.
The resulting 2-Heptanone was combined and washed with calcium chloride solution.
After drying, 2-Heptanone was obtained by distillation with a yield of 50-60%.

2. The extraction method is obtained by extracting clove oil or cinnamon oil.

3. 2-heptanol method from 2-heptanol dehydrogenation.
At room temperature with sodium hydroxide saponification of butyl acetyl ethyl acetate, then add sulfuric acid, heating distillation, distillate with sodium hydroxide neutralization, distillation, plus calcium chloride concentrated solution to remove residual ethanol, after drying and distillation.

Manufacturing Methods of 2-Heptanone:
Produced industrially by reductive condensation of acetone with butyraldehyde in one or two steps.

General Manufacturing Information of 2-Heptanone:

Industry Processing Sectors:
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
Computer and Electronic Product Manufacturing
Construction
Furniture and Related Product Manufacturing
Miscellaneous Manufacturing
Non-metallic Mineral Product Manufacturing (includes clay, glass, cement, concrete, lime, gypsum, and other non-metallic mineral product manufacturing)
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Transportation Equipment Manufacturing

Handling and Storage of 2-Heptanone:

Nonfire Spill Response:
ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames) from immediate area.
All equipment used when handling 2-Heptanone must be grounded.

Do not touch or walk through spilled material.
Stop leak if you can do 2-Heptanone without risk.

Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas.
A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers.
Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material.

LARGE SPILL:
Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal.
Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces.

Storage
Keep in tightly closed container in a cool and dry place, protected from light.
When stored for more than 24 months, quality should be checked before use.
We believe the above information to be correct but we do not present 2-Heptanone as all inclusive and as such should be used as a guide.

Chemical Reactivity of 2-Heptanone:

Reactivity Profile:
2-Heptanone reacts exothermically with many acids and bases to produce flammable gases (e.g., H2).
The heat may be sufficient to start a fire in the unreacted portion.

Reacts with reducing agents such as hydrides, alkali metals, and nitrides to produce flammable gas and heat.
Incompatible with isocyanates, aldehydes, cyanides, peroxides, and anhydrides.

Incompatible with many oxidizing agents including nitric acid, nitric acid/hydrogen peroxide mixture, and perchloric acid.
May form peroxides.

Reactivity with Water:
No reaction

Reactivity with Common Materials:
Will attack some forms of plastic.

Stability During Transport:
Stable

Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics:
Not pertinent

Polymerization:
Not pertinent

Inhibitor of Polymerization:
Not pertinent

First Aid Measures of 2-Heptanone:

Eye:
IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids.
Get medical attention immediately.

Skin:
SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.

Breathing:
FRESH AIR - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once.
Other measures are usually unnecessary.

Swallow:
MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately.

Fire Fighting of 2-Heptanone:
The majority of these products have a very low flash point.
Use of water spray when fighting fire may be inefficient.

For fire involving UN1170, UN1987 or UN3475, alcohol-resistant foam should be used.
Ethanol (UN1170) can burn with an invisible flame.
Use an alternate method of detection (thermal camera, broom handle, etc.).

SMALL FIRE:
Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or alcohol-resistant foam.

LARGE FIRE:
Water spray, fog or alcohol-resistant foam.
Avoid aiming straight or solid streams directly onto 2-Heptanone.
If it can be done safely, move undamaged containers away from the area around the fire.

FIRE INVOLVING TANKS OR CAR/TRAILER LOADS:
Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out.

Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank.
ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire.

For massive fire, use unmanned master stream devices or monitor nozzles.
If this is impossible, withdraw from area and let fire burn.

Fire Hazards of 2-Heptanone:

Flash Point:
117°F O.C. 102°F C.C.

Flammable Limits in Air: 1.11%-7.9%

Fire Extinguishing Agents:
Dry chemical, alcohol foam, carbon dioxide

Fire Extinguishing Agents Not to Be Used:
Water may be ineffective.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products:
Currently not available

Behavior in Fire:
Currently not available

Auto Ignition Temperature:
740°F

Spillage Disposal of 2-Heptanone:

Personal protection:
Filter respirator for organic gases and vapours adapted to the airborne concentration of 2-Heptanone.
Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable metal containers as far as possible.

Absorb remaining liquid in dry sand or inert absorbent.
Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Identifiers of 2-Heptanone:
CAS Number: 110-43-0
ChEBI: CHEBI:5672
ChEMBL: ChEMBL18893
ChemSpider: 7760
ECHA InfoCard: 100.003.426
KEGG: C08380
PubChem CID: 8051
UNII: 89VVP1B008
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID5021916
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H14O/c1-3-4-5-6-7(2)8/h3-6H2,1-2H3
Key: CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI=1/C7H14O/c1-3-4-5-6-7(2)8/h3-6H2,1-2H3
Key: CATSNJVOTSVZJV-UHFFFAOYAO
SMILES: O=C(C)CCCCC

Substance: 2-Heptanone
CAS: 110-43-0
EC number: 203-767-1
REACH compliant: Yes
Min. purity / concentration: 100%
Appearance: Liquid
Grades: Cosmetic, Pharma, Technical

IUPAC name: 2-Heptanone
Molecular formula: C7H14O
Molar Weight [g/mol]: 114.185

EC / List no.: 203-767-1
CAS no.: 110-43-0
Mol. formula: C7H14O

Synonyms: Methyl pentyl ketone, 2-Heptanone
Linear Formula: CH3(CH2)4COCH3
CAS Number: 110-43-0
Molecular Weight: 114.19
EC Number: 203-767-1

Properties of 2-Heptanone:
Chemical formula: C7H14O
Molar mass: 114.18 g/mol
Appearance: Clear liquid
Odor: banana-like, fruity
Density: 0.8 g/mL
Melting point: −35.5 °C (−31.9 °F; 237.7 K)
Boiling point: 151 °C (304 °F; 424 K)
Solubility in water: 0.4% by wt
Vapor pressure: 3 mmHg (20°C)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): -80.50·10−6 cm3/mol

Appearance: colorless clear liquid (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: Yes
Specific Gravity: 0.81400 to 0.81900 @ 25.00 °C.
Pounds per Gallon - (est).: 6.773 to 6.815
Refractive Index: 1.40800 to 1.41500 @ 20.00 °C.
Melting Point: -26.90 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 149.00 to 150.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 151.00 °C. @ 2.60 mm Hg
Acid Value: 2.00 max. KOH/g
Vapor Pressure: 4.732000 mmHg @ 25.00 °C. (est)
Flash Point: 117.00 °F. TCC ( 47.22 °C. )
logP (o/w): 1.980

Formula: C7H14O / CH3(CH2)4COCH3
Molecular mass: 114.18
Boiling point: 151°C
Melting point: -35.5°C
Relative density (water = 1): 0.8
Solubility in water: poor
Vapour pressure, kPa at 25°C: 0.2
Relative vapour density (air = 1): 3.9
Relative density of the vapour/air-mixture at 20°C (air = 1): 1.01
Flash point: 39°C
Auto-ignition temperature: 393°C
Explosive limits, vol% in air: 1-5.5

Molecular Weight: 114.19
XLogP3: 2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 114.104465066
Monoisotopic Mass: 114.104465066
Topological Polar Surface Area: 17.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 8
Complexity: 66.8
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Related Products of 2-Heptanone:
Nivalenol
(R)-Ochratoxin α
Di-N-heptytin Dichloride-D30
Ergosinine
3-Ethyl-2-methylpentane

Alternate Chemical Names:
BUTYLACETONE
2-HEPTANONE
2-KETOHEPTANE
METHYL (N-AMYL) KETONE
METHYL AMYL KETONE
METHYL N-AMYL KETONE
METHYL N-PENTYL KETONE
METHYL PENTYL KETONE
METHYLAMYL KETONE
1-METHYLHEXANAL
N-AMYL METHYL KETONE
N-PENTYL METHYL KETONE
2-OXOHEPTANE
PENTYL METHYL KETONE

Names of 2-Heptanone:

Regulatory process names:
2-Heptanone
2-Heptanone (natural)
Amyl methyl ketone
Amyl-methyl-cetone
Butylacetone
Heptan-2-one
Heptan-2-one
heptan-2-one
heptan-2-one; methyl amyl ketone
Ketone C-7
Ketone, methyl pentyl
Methyl amyl ketone
methyl amyl ketone
Methyl n-amyl ketone
Methyl n-pentyl ketone
Methyl pentyl ketone
Methyl-amyl-cetone
n-AMYL METHYL KETONE
n-Amyl methyl ketone
n-Pentyl methyl ketone
Pentyl methyl ketone

Translated names:
2-heptanon (no)
2-heptanon (sv)
2-heptanonas (lt)
2-heptanoni (fi)
eptan-2-one (it)
heptaan-2-on (nl)
Heptaan-2-oon (et)
heptan-2-on (cs)
heptan-2-on (da)
Heptan-2-on (de)
heptan-2-on (hr)
heptan-2-on (no)
heptan-2-on (pl)
heptan-2-on (sl)
heptan-2-on (sv)
heptan-2-ona (es)
heptan-2-ona (ro)
heptan-2-one; méthylamylcétone (fr)
heptan-2-oni (fi)
heptano-2-ona (pt)
heptanons-2 (lv)
heptán-2-on (hu)
heptán-2-ón (sk)
keton metylowo-n-amylowy (pl)
keton metylowo-pentylowy (pl)
methyl(pentyl)keton (cs)
methylpentylketon (da)
Methylpentylketon (de)
metil amil chetone (it)
metil amil keton (sl)
metil amil ketona (ro)
metil-amil-keton (hr)
metil-amil-keton (hu)
metilamilketonas (lt)
metilamilketons (lv)
metyl(pentyl)ketón (sk)
metyloamyloketon (pl)
metylpentylketon (no)
metylpentylketon (sv)
metyyliamyyliketoni (fi)
Metüülamüülketoon (et)
méthyl-n-amylcétone (fr)
επταν-2-όν (el)
метил амил кетон (bg)
хептан-2-oн (bg)

CAS name:
2-Heptanone

IUPAC names:
2-HEPTANONE
2-Heptanone
2-heptanone
2-Heptanoneheptane-2-onheptane-2-oneheptane-2-one methyl amyl ketoneMETHYL AMYL KETONEMethyl N Amyl KetoneMETHYL N-AMYL KETONEMethyl N.A Ketone (2-heptanone)
heptan-2-on
Heptan-2-one
heptan-2-one
Heptan-2-one
heptan-2-one
heptan-2-one methyl amyl ketone
METHYL AMYL KETONE
Methyl Amyl Ketone
Methyl amyl ketone
methyl amyl ketone
Methyl N Amyl Ketone
METHYL N-AMYL KETONE
Methyl N.A Ketone (2-Heptanone)

Preferred IUPAC name:
Heptan-2-one

Trade names:
EH2350PTA-1128(M)
EH2350PTA-2260(M)
EH2350PTA-RAL9002(M)
MAK

Other names:
Amyl methyl ketone
Butyl acetone
Methyl n-amyl ketone
Methyl pentyl ketone

Other identifiers:
110-43-0
606-024-00-3
2-HEXOXYETHANOL
2-Hexoxyethanol or 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol is a glycol ether that has a chemical formula of C8H18O2.
2-hexoxyethanol is used as solvents in speciality printing inks and coalescing aids in surface coatings, coupling agent, rust remover, adhesives and surface cleaners.
Colorless liquid.

CAS: 112-25-4
MF: C8H18O2
MW: 146.23
EINECS: 203-951-1

Synonyms
2-(hexyloxy)-ethano;N-HEXYLMONOOXYETHYLENE;N-HEXYL CELLOSOLVE;C6E1;ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOHEXYL ETHER;ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONO-N-HEXYL ETHER;ETHYLENE GLYCOL N-HEXYL ETHER;HEXYLGLYCOL
2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol;Ethanol, 2-(hexyloxy)-, 2-(HEXYLOXY)ETHANOL, 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol C6E1 Hexylglycol, Hexyl Cellosolve, Ethylene Glycol Monohexyl Ether, 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol, n-Hexylglycol, Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, Ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether, 2-(Hexyloxy) ethanol, Ethylenglykolmonohexylether, 2-Hexyloxyethanol, 2-(Hexyloxy)ethanol, HEXYL GLYCOL, 2-Hexyloxyethanol, Hexoxyethylene glycol, 2-hexyloxyethanol, Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, 2-hexyloxyethanol;112-25-4;Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether;2-Hexyloxyethanol;Ethanol, 2-(hexyloxy)-;2-HEXOXYETHANOL;Hexyl cellosolve;n-Hexyl cellosolve;Glycol monohexyl ether;Cellosolve, N-hexyl-;2-Hexyloxy-1-ethanol;Ethylene glycol n-hexyl ether;DTXSID1026908;7P0O8282NR;Ethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether;MFCD00045997;31726-34-8;DTXCID606908;Ethanol, 2-hexyloxy-;2-(hexyloxy)ethan-1-ol;CAS-112-25-4;Ethylene glycol-n-monohexyl ether;HSDB 5569;2-n-(Hexyloxy)ethanol;EINECS 203-951-1;BRN 1734691;Hexylglycol;UNII-7P0O8282NR;2-hexyloxy-ethanol;2-(n-Hexyloxy)ethanol;Ethylenglykolmonohexylether;2-(1-Hexyloxy) ethanol;EC 203-951-1;SCHEMBL24741;4-01-00-02383 (Beilstein Handbook Reference);C6E1;CHEMBL3188016;Tox21_202105;Tox21_300545;AKOS009156771;NCGC00248089-01;NCGC00248089-02;NCGC00254448-01;NCGC00259654-01;LS-13544;FT-0631642;H0343;NS00007590;EN300-114321;F71224;W-109065;Q27268660;Ethylene glycol monohexyl ether, BioXtra, >=99.0% (GC)

2-hexoxyethanol is a cleaning agent, or "surfactant," that we use in our products to remove dirt and deposits.
2-hexoxyethanol does this by surrounding dirt particles to loosen them from the surface they're attached to, so they can be rinsed away.
2-hexoxyethanol is an ether that is used in the production of polyester resins.
2-hexoxyethanol is also a solvent and a film-forming polymer.
2-hexoxyethanol has been shown to have genotoxic effects on mammalian cells, with malonic acid as the main metabolite.
The linear calibration curve of 2-hexoxyethanol was developed using fatty acid as the standard and methyl ethyl as the internal standard.
2-hexoxyethanol also has detergent compositions that are used for wastewater treatment.

2-hexoxyethanol Chemical Properties
Melting point: -45.1℃
Boiling point: 98-99°C 0,15mm
Density: 0.888 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
Vapor pressure: 10Pa at 20℃
Refractive index: n20/D 1.431
Fp: 98-99°C/0.15mm
Storage temp.: -15°C
pka: 14.44±0.10(Predicted)
Form: clear liquid
Color: Colorless to Light yellow
Water Solubility: Soluble in alcohol and ether, water (9.46 g/L ).
BRN: 1734691
LogP: 1.97 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 112-25-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-hexoxyethanol (112-25-4)

Uses
2-hexoxyethanol is used by professional workers (widespread uses), consumers, in re-packing or re-formulation, in manufacturing, and at industrial sites.
2-hexoxyethanol is used as high-boiling solvent.
2-hexoxyethanol also serves as an intermediate for neopentanoate and hexyloxyethyl phosphate.
2-hexoxyethanol serves as a coalescing agent in cleaners and latex paints.
2-hexoxyethanol is used as solvents in specialty printing inks and coalescing aids in surface coatings, coupling agent, rust remover, adhesives and surface cleaners.

Other uses of 2-Hexoxyethanol are:
Sealants
Adhesives
Coating products
Finger Paints
Fillers
Anti-freeze products
Plasters
Putties
Lubricants
Modelling Clay
Greases
Automotive care products
Machine wash liquids/detergents
Air fresheners
Fragrances
Other outdoor use

Hazards
According to the European Chemicals Agency, 2-hexoxyethanol is classified as harmful when in contact with skin and when swallowed.
2-hexoxyethanol can also cause skin burns and serious eye damage.
2-Hexoxyethanol was also known to cause kidney injury and depression.
2-hexoxyethanol is also a severe respiratory tract irritant.
2-hexoxyethanol may also have blood effects.
2-hexoxyethanol may enter the body through ingestion, aerosol inhalation, and through the skin.
2-hexoxyethanol may form explosive peroxides.
2-hexoxyethanol can react violently with strong oxidants.
2-hexoxyethanol is classified as a green circle product EPA Safer Choice meaning it is of low concern.
2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA)
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a colorless to light yellow liquid with an odor reminiscent of acetic acid.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is soluble in water and organic solvents.


CAS Number: 23783-26-8
EC Number: 405-710-8
Molecular Formula: C2H5O6P



alpha.-hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, SCHEMBL560738, 2-hydroxy phosphonoacetic acid, 2-hydroxy phosphono acetic acid, 2-(Hydroperoxy(hydroxy)phosphoryl)acetic acid, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxy phosphono acetic acid, HPA, HPAA, hydroxyphosphono-aceticaci, 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID, Acetic acid, hydroxyphosphono-, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPA), HYDROXYPHOSPHONEACETICACID, HPA, HPAA, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, HPAA, HPA, Acetic acid,2-hydroxy-2-phosphono-, Glycolic acid,phosphono-, Acetic acid,hydroxyphosphono-, 2-Hydroxy-2-phosphonoacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, α-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, Phosphonoglycolic acid, Hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, Belcor 575, Phosphonohydroxyacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic acid, HPPA (scale inhibitor), 115469-15-3, 153733-51-8, HPA, HPAA, hpaa, hexylphosphonate, hexylphosphonic acid, LABOTEST-BB LT00408920, N-HEXYLPHOSPHONIC ACID, hydroxyphosphono-aceticaci, HYDROXYPHOSPHONEACETICACID, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic Acid, 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID, Acetic acid, hydroxyphosphono-, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid, 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPA), 2-Hydroxy Phosphonic Acetic AcidStructure, HPAA, HPA, Acetic Acid, Hydroxyphosphono, Glycolic Acid, Phosphono, Alpha-, hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, 2-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, Phosphonogylcolic Acid, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, N-HEXYLPHOSPHONIC ACID, LABOTEST-BB LT00408920, hpaa, n-Hexylphosphonicacid, 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonic Acetic Acid,hexylphosphonic acid, hexylphosphonate, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxy-2-phosphonoacetic acid, HPA, HPAA, 2-Hydroxy phosphonoacetic acid HPAA,HPA, 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, HPA, N-HEXYLPHOSPHONIC ACID, LABOTEST-BB LT00408920, hpaa, n-Hexylphosphonicacid,min.97%, 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonic Acetic Acid, 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID, HPAA, HPA, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid, 2-Hydroxyphosphonocarboxylic Acid, Hydroxyphosphono-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxy-2-phosphono-acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-phosphonoacetic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-phosphono-ethanoic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxyphosphono-, alpha.-Hydroxyl phosphonoacetic acid, alpha.-Hydroxyphosphonoacetic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-phosphono-acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-phosphonoacetic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-phosphono-ethanoic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxyphosphono-, alpha.-hydroxyl phosphonoacetic acid,



2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a white crystals with a phosphorus content of 19.8% and a melting point of 165-167.5 °c.
The pH value of 1% aqueous solution of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is 1, which can be miscible with water in any proportion.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a water-soluble organophosphorus compound.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has applications in various industries such as water treatment, detergents, and textile auxiliaries.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to be hydrolyzed, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safety in use, no toxicity, no pollution.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition ability is 5-8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMP.
When built with low molecular polymers, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition effect is even better.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to be hydrolyzed, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safety in use, no toxicity, no pollution.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition ability is 5-8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMP.
When built with low molecular polymers, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition effect is even better.
The organic corrosion inhibitors of which 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) combines with low molecular weight polymer have excellent performance.


When built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to be hydrolyzed, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safety in use, no toxicity, no pollution.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition ability is 5-8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMP.
When built with low molecular polymers, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition effect is even better.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as cathode corrosion inhibitor in oilfield refill water system in fields such as steel & iron, petrochemcal, power plant and medical industries.
When built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable,hard to be hydrolyzed,hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali,safety in use,no toxicity,no pollution.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.Its corrosion inhibition ability is 5-8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMP.


When built with low molecular polymers,its corrosion inhibition effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to be hydrolyzed, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safety in use, no toxicity, no pollution.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a pale yellow acidic liquid, easily chelating with di- and trivalent ion such as Fe2-, Mg2-, Ca2-, Ba2-, etc.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition ability is 5-8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMP.


When built with low molecular polymers, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has good chemical stability, hard to be hydrolyzed, and hard to be damaged by acid or alkali, safe and reliable to use, non-toxic and pollution-free.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has good chemical stability, hard to be hydrolyzed, and hard to be damaged by acid or alkali, safe and reliable to use, non-toxic and pollution-free.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve the solubility of zinc, with strong inhibition, HPAA has better inhibition performance than HEDP, EDTMP.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) comes in a 1g quantity and should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources or incompatible materials.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can cause eye irritation and skin sensitization; thus, appropriate personal protective equipment must be worn when handling it.


The environmental impact of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is low, but its disposal should follow local regulations to avoid contamination of water bodies or soil.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is an organic corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in cooling water treatment programs.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has low volatility and a high boiling point.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) finds use in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to be hydrolyzed, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safety in use, no toxicity, no pollution.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition ability is 5-8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMP.
When built with low molecular polymers, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has good chemical stability, is not easily hydrolyzed, and is not easily destroyed by acid and alkali.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is safe and reliable to use, non-toxic and pollution-free.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve the solubility of zinc and has a strong corrosion inhibition effect.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition performance is higher than that of HEDP and EDTMP.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to be hydrolyzed, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safety in use, no toxicity, no pollution.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition ability is 5-8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMPA.Na5.
When built with low molecular polymers, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to be hydrolyzed, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safety in use, no toxicity, no pollution.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility. Its corrosion inhibition ability is 5-8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMP.
When built with low molecular polymers, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a highly effective and reliable chemical compound with many beneficial properties.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, meaning it is not easily broken down by acids or bases, making it safe for human use with no toxicity or pollutants.
In addition, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has superior zinc solubility and corrosion-inhibiting abilities that are five to eight times better than HEDP and EDTMP.


When combined with low molecular polymers, the corrosion-inhibiting effect of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can be significantly improved.
All this makes 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) an ideal choice for industrial applications requiring increased safety and efficacy.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is used as corrosion inhibitor.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has excellent corrosion inhibition performance, especially in low hardness, low alkalinity, and strong corrosive water, it shows extremely strong corrosion inhibition effect.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has a good chelation with divalent ions.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can be used as a metal ion stabilizer to effectively stabilize Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Al3+ plasma in water to reduce corrosion and scaling; HPAA can significantly reduce the deposition of calcium carbonate and silica.


Good scale inhibition performance, but 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has slightly worse scale inhibition performance for calcium sulfate scale.
In order to avoid the decomposition of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) by the oxidizing bactericide, a protective agent can be used, but it is less affected by residual chlorine (0.5-1.0 mg/L) in the cooling water system of intermittent chlorination.


The combined use of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) and zinc salt has obvious synergistic corrosion inhibition effect.
The recommended concentration of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is generally 5 ~ 30mg/L.
Dosing equipment should be resistant to acid corrosion.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as a metal cathode corrosion inhibitor.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is widely used in the corrosion and scale inhibition of circulating cooling water systems in steel, petrochemical, power, medicine and other industries.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is suitable for use as a corrosion inhibitor for low hardness, easily corrodible water quality in southern China.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) The compounding effect with zinc salt is better.
Organic corrosion and scale inhibitors composed of low molecular weight polymers have excellent performance.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is used corrosion inhibitors and anti-scaling agents.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is used water treatment products.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as a cathode corrosion inhibitor in the oilfield refill water system in steel & iron, petrochemical, power plant, and medical industries.


When built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.
As a corrosion inhibitor, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly applied in the cooling water/industrial water system of oilfields, petrochemical plants, and power plants.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is also used for metal surface treatment in steel.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is considered being a mild steel corrosion inhibitor and is mainly used in the water treatment industry.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) shows superior performance in all organic formulations compared to commonly used Phosphonates.


In certain formulations 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can replace Molybdate or its derivatives.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is used cooling water systems / industrial water treatment.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is used metal surface treatment as corrosion inhibitor for steel.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is an environmentally acceptable corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in cooling water systems.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) gives better corrosion protection for carbon steel when used in conjunction with zinc or other phosphonates.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) reduces iron fouling, thus improving heat transfer efficiency and reducing system maintenance costs.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is biodegradable and especially suitable in applications where the molybdate discharge is regulated OR all organic cooling water treatment is desired.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is expected to be susceptible to halogen attack.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as cathode corrosion inhibitor in oilfield refill water system in fields such as steel & iron, petrochemcal, power plant and medical industries.
When built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is primarily used as scale inhibitor in water treatment, pipeline.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has the best corrosion inhibiting ability among phosphonates, suitable for high-corrosion water;
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is compatible with zinc salt;


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has good heat-stability, high temperature resistance is 200 deg.C
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) contents lower phosphorus, lower impact on environment.
The organic corrosion inhibitors of which 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) combines with low molecular weight polymer have excellent performance.


When built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as the cathodic corrosion inhibitor for metals, but also widely used to realize corrosion inhibition and scale inhibition in circulating cooling water system of steel, petrochemical, electric power, pharmaceutical and other industries.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is specially suitable for low hardness and easy-corrosive water quality.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is primarily used as scale inhibitor in water treatment,
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has the best corrosion inhibiting ability among phosphonates, suitable for high-corrosion water


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is compatible with zinc salt; it has good heat-stability, high temperature resistance is 200 deg.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as cathode corrosion inhibitor in oilfield refill water system in fields such as steel & iron, petrochemcal, power plant and medical industries.


When built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is widely used in steel, petrochemical, electric power, pharmaceutical and other industries of circulating cooling water system scale inhibition, corrosion inhibition, suitable for low hardness water quality in southern China.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can be widely used in steel, petrochemical, electric power, the scale inhibition and corrosion inhibition of circulating cooling water system in medicine and other industries are generally compounded with zinc salt to form corrosion inhibitor.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as cathode corrosion inhibitor in circulating cool water systems in fields such as steel & iron, petrochemcal, power plant and medical industries, suitable for low hardness and easily corrosive water quality.


When 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as a cathode corrosion inhibitor for metals, and is widely used in circulating cooling water systems in iron and steel, petrochemical, electric power, medicine and other industries.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is suitable to be used as a corrosion inhibitor for low hardness and easy to corrode water quality in southern China, and has better compound effect with zinc salt.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is widely used in the scale and corrosion inhibition of circulating cooling water systems in steel, petrochemical, electric power, medicine and other industries, and is suitable for low-hardness water quality in southern my country.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can be widely used in steel, petrochemical, electric power, medicine and other industries
The scale and corrosion inhibition of the circulating cooling water system is generally compounded with zinc salt to form a corrosion inhibitor, which is suitable for low-hardness water quality in southern my country and has a scale inhibition effect.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is used as corrosion inhibitor.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has excellent corrosion inhibition performance, especially for low hardness, low alkalinity, strong corrosive water, showing a strong corrosion inhibition.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has a good chelating effect with divalent ions, which can be used as a metal ion stabilizer to effectively stabilize Fe2, Fe3, Mn2 and Al3 plasma in water and reduce corrosion and scaling.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can significantly reduce the deposition of calcium carbonate and silicon dioxide, and has good scale inhibition performance, but the scale inhibition performance of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) on calcium sulfate scale is slightly poor.


In order to avoid the decomposition of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) by the oxidizing bactericide, the protective agent can be used, but the residual chlorine (0.5~1-0 mg/L) is less affected in the intermittent chlorination cooling water system.
The combination of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) and zinc salt has obvious synergistic corrosion inhibition effect.


The recommended concentration of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is generally 5 to 30mg/L.
Acid corrosion resistance shall be provided for each medicine.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is commonly used as a chelating agent for metal ions and a dispersant for calcium carbonate and other mineral scales.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a versatile and reliable compound, making it ideal for cathode corrosion inhibitors in oilfield refill water systems.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has been popularly used in industries such as steel & iron, petrochemical, power plant, and medical fields with superior efficacy.


When combined with zinc salt, the corrosion protection effect of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can be significantly enhanced, making it an even more attractive option for these areas.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as cathode corrosion inhibitor in oilfield re injection water system in fields such as steel & iron, petrochem i cal, power plant and medical industries.


When built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as a cathodic corrosion inhibitor for metals.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is widely used for corrosion and scale inhibition in circulating cooling water systems in steel, petrochemical, electric power, pharmaceutical and other industries.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is suitable for use as a corrosion inhibitor for low-hardness, easily corrosive water in southern my country.
Organic corrosion and scale inhibitor that composed by 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) and low molecular weight polymer has excellent performance.
And effect will be more better when combined with zinc salt.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as cathode corrosion inhibitor in oilfield refill water system in fields such as steel & iron, petrochemical, power plant and medical industries.
When built with zinc salt, the effect is even better.


2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as cathode corrosion inhibitor in oilfield refill water system in fields such as steel & iron, petrochemcal, power plant and medical industries.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as a cathodic corrosion inhibitor for metals.



PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to be hydrolyzed, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safe in use, non-toxic and pollution-free.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility. Its corrosion inhibition efficiency is 5-8 times higher than that of HEDP and EDTMP.
When built with low molecular polymers, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition effect is even better.



PREPARATION OF 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can be obtained by reaction between glyoxylic acid and phosphorus trichloride: C2H2O3+PCl3+3H2O→C2H5O6P+3HCl



FEATURES OF 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a powerful mild steel corrosion inhibitor for all-organic cooling water formulations.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) reduces iron fouling which improves heat transfer efficiency.

Good biodegradability of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) makes it suitable in areas where the molybdenum discharge rate is regulated at very low levels.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can be easily monitored by a standard organophosphonate test kit.



PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is hard to be hydrolyzed and to be destroyed by acid or alkali.
So 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) water treatment chemical is safe to use.

2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) also has no toxicity and no pollution.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s corrosion inhibition ability is 5~8 times better than that of HEDP and EDTMP.

When built with low molecular polymers, its corrosion inhibition effect is even better.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has good chemical stability, hard to be hydrolyzed, and hard to be damaged by acid or alkali, safe and reliable to use, non-toxic and pollution-free.

2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has good chemical stability, hard to be hydrolyzed, and hard to be damaged by acid or alkali, safe and reliable to use, non-toxic and pollution-free.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve the solubility of zinc, with strong inhibition, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid has better inhibition performance than HEDP, EDTMP.

2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is mainly used as the cathodic corrosion inhibitor for metals, but also widely used to realize corrosion inhibition and scale inhibition in circulating cooling water system of steel, petrochemical, electric power, pharmaceutical and other industries.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is specially suitable for low hardness and easy-corrosive water quality.



PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
The 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is present in [HPAA]2- and [HPAA]3- in water at pH 7-9.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) forms a protective film on the metal surface with a chelate formed by Ca2+ and Zn2+.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s solubility product is ZnHPAA

2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has good compatibility and synergy with some commonly used water stabilizers.
For example, when 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is combined with Zn2+, it only needs to add 5-10 mg/L, Zn2+ 1-2mg/L can provide good corrosion inhibition in different water systems.

In addition, the phosphorus content of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) corrosion inhibitor is lower than that of conventional organic phosphorus water stabilizers, and meets the requirements of environmentally friendly “low phosphorus”.
At the same time, its thermal stability is good, and 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can be measured by differential scanning calorimeter up to 160°C.

Even at a high temperature of 200 °C, the decomposition rate is only 8%, so 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) fully meets the requirements of heat exchange equipment in the steel, petrochemical, electric power, medicine, and other industries.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) products have low toxicity, compared with traditional scale inhibition.
Corrosion inhibitors are more acceptable for environmental protection.

Conclusion
In summary, the 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a cathodic corrosion inhibitor widely used in ferrous metals in water treatment and is especially suitable for low-hardness water quality and high-temperature heat exchangers.



PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) has good chemical stability, is not easy to hydrolyze, is not easy to be damaged by acid and alkali, is safe and reliable to use, is non-toxic and pollution-free, can improve the solubility of zinc, has strong corrosion inhibition effect, and its corrosion inhibition performance is 5-8 times higher than HEDP and EDTMP.
The organic corrosion and scale inhibitor composed of low molecular weight polymers has excellent performance.



METHODS FOR PREPARING 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is a good scale inhibitor.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s appearance is a dark brown liquid with a molecular formula of C2H5O6P and a relative molecular mass of 156.03.
The preparation method of 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) generally has the following three methods.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
*Method One:
16.3 parts (0.11 mol/L) 50% aqueous solution of dihydroxyacetic acid (hydrated glyoxylic acid) and 8.2 parts (0.1 mol/L) of phosphorous acid were heated at 98°C-100°C for 24 hours with stirring.
24.5 parts of a 60% aqueous solution of HPAA.
150 parts of this solution were subjected to distillation under reduced pressure (2kPa) to obtain 104 parts of a brown viscous oily liquid.


*Method Two:
From dimethyl phosphite and butyl glyoxylate, under the catalysis of sodium methoxide, according to the ratio of the amount of 1:(0.95-1), react at 25°C-120°C for several hours.
The phosphinyl hydroxy acetate can be used to prepare HPAA in three different routes.

A simpler route is to carry out a saponification reaction of dimethoxyphosphinyl hydroxy acetate with hydrochloric acid under the following conditions: The ratio of the amount of the dimethoxyphosphinyl hydroxy acetate butyl acetate to the hydrochloric acid is 1: (8-15), temperature 90°C-110°C, reaction time 10-20 hours.


*Method Three:
The di-sodium salt of phosphonoformaldehyde is formed by synthesizing dimethoxymethanephosphonic acid and sodium hydroxide solution at 80°C-90°C for 1-3 hours.

Then, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is reacted with hydrocyanic acid at 25°C-30°C for 0.25-3 hours to form a disodium salt of phosphonohydroxyacetonitrile.
Hydrolysis with hydrochloric acid gives 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA).



PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is chemically stable, hard to hydrolyze, hard to be destroyed by acid or alkali, safe in use, and has no toxicity and pollution.
In addition, 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can improve zinc solubility.

2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) performs better than commonly used phosphonates like HEDP and EDTMP (5~8 times better).
Sometimes 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) can even replace molybdate and its derivatives.
The good efficiency at low concentrations enables 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA), usually used at the PPM level.

2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) is water-soluble and can increase Zn solubility.
2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA)'s effect can be further improved when built with Zn salts or polymer.
Phosphorus acid solution reacts with glyoxylic at 100~110℃ for 4~10 hours.

And then input water to prepare 2-Hydroxy Phosphonoacetic Acid (HPAA) aqueous solution.
This reaction can be 1-step forward and starts from PCl3 hydrolysis.
Some research studies use microwave irradiation to replace heating to reduce energy consumption and reaction time.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
Molecular Weight: 172.03100
Exact Mass:156.03
HScode:2931900090
PSA:134.10000
XLogP3:-1.50130
Appearance:Dark brown liquid
Density:2.131 g/cm3
Melting Point:108-110ºC
Boiling Point:557.7ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point:291.1ºC
Refractive Index:1.569
Vapor Pressure:0.000278mmHg at 25°C
Molecular Weight:156.03
XLogP3:-2.6
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:4
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:6

Rotatable Bond Count:2
Exact Mass:155.98237487
Monoisotopic Mass:155.98237487
Topological Polar Surface Area:115
Heavy Atom Count:9
Complexity:156
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
Appearance: Liquid
Color: Dark brown
Specific Gravity: @ 25oC 1.32-1.42
pH (1%) solution: < 2
Active Content: Approx. 50%

Solubility: Miscible in water
Appearance: Dark umber liquid
Solid content %: 50.0 min
Total phosphonic acid(as PO43-)%: 25.0 min
Phosphoric acid (as PO43- )%: 1.5 max
Density (20℃) g/cm3: 1.30 min
pH(1% water solution): 3.0 max
Molecular Weight: 156.03 g/mol
XLogP3-AA: -2
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
Rotatable Bond Count: 3
Exact Mass: 155.98237487 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 155.98237487 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 104Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 9
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 151

Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance: Dark umber liquid
Solid content %: 50.0 min
Total phosphonic acid(as PO43-)%: 25.0 min
Phosphoric acid (as PO43- )%: 1.5 max
Density (20℃) g/cm3: 1.30 min
pH(1% water solution): 3.0 max
Appearance: Dark umber liquid
Solid content %: 50.0 min
Phosphorous acid(as PO33-)%: 4.0 max

Density (20℃)g/cm3: 1.30 min
pH(1% solution): 1.0-3.0
Physical State: Not available.
Molecular Formula: C2H5O7P
Molecular Weight: 172.029
Odor: Not available.
pH: Not available.
Boiling Point Range: Not available.
Freezing/Melting Point: Not available.
Flash Point: Not available.
Evaporation Rate: Not available.
Flammability(solid,gas): Please see section 2.
Explosive limits: Not available.
Vapor Pressure: Not available.
Vapor Density: Not available.
Solubility: Not available.
Relative Density: Not available.

Refractive Index: Not available.
Volatility: Not available.
Auto-ignition Temperature: Not available.
Decomposition Temperature: Not available.
Partition Coefficient: Not available.
Appearance: Dark umber liquid
Solid content: % 50.0 min
Total phosphonic acid(as PO43-)%: 25.0 min
Phosphoric acid (as PO43- )%: 1.5 max
Density (20℃) g/cm3: 1.30 min
pH(1% water solution): 3.0 max
CAS: 23783-26-8
4721-24-8
EINECS: 405-710-8
InChI: InChI=1/C6H15O3P/c1-2-3-4-5-6-10(7,8)9/h2-6H2,1H3,(H2,7,8,9)/p-2

Molecular Formula: C2H5O6P
Molar Mass: 156.03
Density: 1.37 (50% aq.)
Boling Point: 557.7±60.0 °C(Predicted)
Flash Point: 135°C
Vapor Presure: 0.000278mmHg at 25°C
pKa: 2.05±0.10(Predicted)
Storage Condition: -20°C
Physical and Chemical Properties:
Density: 1.37 (50% aq.)
Appearance: Dark umber liquid
Solid content %: 50.0 min
Total phosphonic acid(as PO43-)%: 25.0 min
Phosphoric acid (as PO43- )%: 1.5 max
Density (20℃) g/cm3: 1.30 min
pH(1% water solution): 3.0 max



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
-General Information:
Immediately remove any clothing contaminated by the product.
*Inhalation:
Move person to fresh air.
Obtain medical aid.
*Skin contact:
Immediately flush skin with running water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.
Wash clothing before reuse.
Obtain medical aid immediately.
*Eye contact:
Immediately flush open eyes with running water for at least 15 minutes.
Obtain medical aid immediately.
*Ingestion:
Rinse mouth with water.
Obtain medical aid immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No further information available.



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
-Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:
Wear protective equipment and keep unprotected personnel away.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Prevent further leak or spill if safe to do so.
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains, other waterways, or soil.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Prevent further leak or spill if safe to do so.
Vacuum, sweep up, or absorb with inert material and place into a suitable disposal container.
Consult local regulations for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
-Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or chemical foam.
-Advice for firefighters:
As in any fire, wear a NIOSH-approved or equivalent, pressure-demand, self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
-Appropriate engineering controls:
Wash hands before breaks and immediately after handling the product.
Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash fountain.
-Personal protection:
*Eyes:
safety glasses or goggles with side protection.
A face shield may be appropriate in some workplaces.
*Hands:
Wear gloves
*Skin and body:
Protective clothing
At the minimum, wear a laboratory coat and close-toed footwear.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
-Precautions for safe handling:
Wash hands thoroughly after handling.
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection.
Keep container tightly closed.
Open and handle container with care.
Do not eat, drink, or smoke while handling.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Store in a tightly-closed container when not in use.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-HYDROXY PHOSPHONOACETIC ACID (HPAA):
-Reactivity:
Not available.
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended temperatures and pressures.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
Not available.


2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID)
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is an antiinflammatory inhibitor of cyclooxygenase activity
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), also known as 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, is a highly versatile chemical compound that is widely used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture.


CAS-Number: 69-72-7
EC Number: 200-712-3
MDL number: MFCD00002439
Chemical Name: 2 – Hydroxybenzoic Acid
Linear Formula: 2-(HO)C6H4CO2H
Molecular Formula: C7H6O3



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2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a versatile compound with widespread applications, particularly in the fields of skincare, medicine, and the chemical industry.
Known for its use in treating various skin conditions, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) has become a staple ingredient in skincare and personal care products.


With its remarkable attributes, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) has become an essential ingredient in many products.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) belongs to the class of organic compounds known as salicylic acids.
These are ortho-hydroxylated benzoic acids.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), also known as 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, is a highly versatile chemical compound that is widely used in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and agriculture.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), also known as 2-carboxyphenol or 2-hydroxybenzoate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)s.


These are ortho-hydroxylated benzoic acids.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to plants to humans.
Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid).


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a natural product extract from Willow bark, well known as an antiinflammatory and antinociceptive agent and a close structural relative to acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a ubiquitous plant hormone with many regulatory functions involved in local disease resistance mechanisms and systemic acquired resistance.


The antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects produced by 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) and its derivatives in animals are due to inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase) enzyme activity and suppression of prostaglandin biosynthesis.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is also of interest as a starting material for the organic synthesis of more elaborate COX suppressors and other chemical structures.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is many organic compounds are found in plants.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) can be made from methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate which is obtained as oil of wintergreen by distillation from the leaves of Gaultheria procunbers.


Oil of wintergreen is 98% methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate.
This oil can be hydrolysed by boiling with aqueous sodium hydroxide for about 30 minutes.
The reaction produces sodium 2-hydroxybenzoate, which can be converted into 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) by adding hydrochloric acid.


Both oil of wintergreen (methyl 2-hydroxybenzoate) and 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)) are widely used as pharmaceuticals.
The manufacture of aspirin from 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is of major importance.
Industrially, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is manufactured at high temperature and pressure from the phenol sodium salt and carbon dioxide, with an annual worldwide production of about 50,000 tonnes.


The alkaline hydrolysis of esters is the basis of saponification (soap making) from natural oils and water cremation – a less environmentally harmful alternative to cremation by heat.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a white solid first isolated from the bark of willow trees (Salix spp.), from which it gets its name.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) also occurs as the free acid or its esters in many plant species.
In an early (1966) biosynthetic process, researchers at Kerr-McGee Oil Industries (now part of Andarko Petroleum) prepared 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) via the microbial degradation of naphthalene.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is now commercially biosynthesized from phenylalanine.
Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), a prodrug to 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), is made by an entirely different process.
Curiously, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is also a metabolite of aspirin.


In 2015, J. L. Dangl, S. L. Lebeis, and co-workers at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, discovered that native 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) plays a role in determining which microbes are in the root microbiome of Arabidopsis thaliana, a weed that grows in Europe and Asia.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is lipophilic monohydroxybenzoic acid.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) a type of phenolic acid and a beta-hydroxy acid (BHA).
Beta hydroxy acid is found as a natural compound in plants.
This colourless crystalline organic acid, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), is broadly in use in organic synthesis.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is derived from the metabolism of salicin.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a crystalline organic carboxylic acid and has keratolytic, bacteriostatic and fungicidal properties.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) can be in use as an antiseptic and as a food preservative when consumed in small quantities.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) has a carboxyl group attached to it i.e., COOH.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is odourless and is colourless.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is probably known for its use as an important ingredient in topical anti-acne products.


The salts and esters of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) are salicylates.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is the safest and most effective medicines needed in a health system.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is particularly in use in the pharmaceutical industry.
The most common use of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is in the preparation of an analgesic, aspirin, which is an acetylated derivative of salicylic acid.


Another analgesic formed from 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is methyl salicylate, an esterified product of salicylic acid.
Both of these analgesics are in use to treat headache and other body aches.
Plant Growth Regulation: As a plant growth regulator, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) promotes fruit formation, enhances crop yield, and improves the plant's resistance to diseases.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) exhibits a high standard of purity, ensuring its effectiveness and dependability across various applications.
Plant Cell Culture Test Approval: Through intensive testing, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) has been approved as safe and suitable for plant cell culture applications, meeting stringent quality standards.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s significance spans multiple industries, from its prominent role in skincare and medicine to its applications in the chemical and agricultural sectors.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s diverse properties and applications underscore its versatility and ongoing relevance in various scientific and industrial domains.


In the realm of skincare, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is used for its keratolytic properties, meaning it helps to exfoliate and remove dead skin cells.
This makes 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) an effective ingredient in products designed for acne treatment and prevention, as it can unclog pores and reduce the occurrence of blemishes.


In medicine, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is the precursor to acetylsalicylic acid, commonly known as aspirin.
Aspirin is widely used for its analgesic (pain-relieving), anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic (fever-reducing) properties.
The discovery of these therapeutic effects has positioned 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) as a foundational compound in the development of various pharmaceuticals.


Beyond skincare and medicine, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) has applications in the chemical industry.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) serves as a key intermediate in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including fragrances, dyes, and rubber chemicals.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s versatility in chemical processes highlights its importance as a building block for the production of a range of industrial products.
In agriculture, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) and its derivatives are explored for their potential uses in plant growth regulation and stress response.


Research continues to uncover ways in which 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) may contribute to enhancing crop yield and resilience.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is an organic compound with the formula HOC6H4COOH.
A colorless, bitter-tasting solid, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a precursor to and a metabolite of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid).


The name is from Latin salix for willow tree, from which it was initially identified and derived.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is an ingredient in some anti-acne products.
Salts and esters of salicylic acid are known as salicylates.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is in use in the treatment of wart infections.
The mechanism by which professionals treats warts infection is similar to its keratolytic action.
Firstly, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) dehydrates the skin cells that are affected by warts and thereby it gradually leads to its shedding off from the body.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) also activates the immune reaction of the body towards the viral wart infection by initiating a mild inflammatory reaction.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is one of the major components of anti-dandruff shampoos.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) also helps in clearing away the dead and flaky skin cells from your scalp.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) also in use as a mild antiseptic effect known as a bacteriostatic agent.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) does not kill the existing bacteria and hence not an antibacterial agent but prevent the growth of bacteria wherever applied.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is used as a food preservative, a bactericide, and an antiseptic.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is used in the production of other pharmaceuticals, including 4-aminosalicylic acid, sandulpiride, and landetimide (via salethamide).


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) has long been a key starting material for making acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).
Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid or ASA) is prepared by the esterification of the phenolic hydroxyl group of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) with the acetyl group from acetic anhydride or acetyl chloride.


ASA is the standard to which all the other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are compared.
In veterinary medicine, this group of drugs is mainly used for treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal disorders.
Bismuth subsalicylate, a salt of bismuth and 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), "displays anti-inflammatory action (due to salicylic acid) and also acts as an antacid and mild antibiotic".


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is the active ingredient in stomach-relief aids such as Pepto-Bismol and some formulations of Kaopectate.
Other derivatives include methyl salicylate used as a liniment to soothe joint and muscle pain and choline salicylate used topically to relieve the pain of mouth ulcers.


Aminosalicylic acid is used to induce remission in ulcerative colitis, and has been used as an antitubercular agent often administered in association with isoniazid.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), when applied to the skin surface, works by causing the cells of the epidermis to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up, and allowing room for new cell growth.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) inhibits the oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) competitively with NADH and noncompetitively with UDPG.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) also competitively inhibits the transferring of glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid to the phenolic acceptor.


The wound-healing retardation action of salicylates is probably due mainly to its inhibitory action on mucopolysaccharide synthesis.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) and its esters are used as food preservatives, in skin-care products and other cosmetics, and in topical medicines.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is an acid used to treat acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts.


2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a compound obtained from the bark of the white willow and wintergreen leaves, and also prepared synthetically.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) has bacteriostatic, fungicidal, and keratolytic actions.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s salts, the salicylates, are used as analgesics.


-Pharmacodynamics:
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) treats acne by causing skin cells to slough off more readily, preventing pores from clogging up.
This effect on skin cells also makes 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) an active ingredient in several shampoos meant to treat dandruff.
Use of straight 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) solution may cause hyperpigmentation on unpretreated skin for those with darker skin types
(Fitzpatrick phototypes IV, V, VI), as well as with the lack of use of a broad spectrum sunblock.

Subsalicylate in combination with bismuth form the popular stomach relief aid known commonly as Pepto-Bismol.
When combined the two key ingredients help control diarrhea, nausea, heartburn, and even gas.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is also very mildly anti-biotic.


-Exfoliating Properties:
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is widely recognized for its excellent exfoliating capabilities.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) effectively removes dead skin cells, unclogs pores, and improves skin complexion.


-Anti-Inflammatory Effects:
With its anti-inflammatory properties, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a perfect solution for acne and other skin conditions.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) reduces redness, swelling, and irritation associated with these conditions.


-Anti-Fungal Activity:
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) possesses potent anti-fungal attributes, making it highly effective in treating conditions like dandruff and other fungal infections.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) controls fungal growth and alleviates related symptoms.


-Pharmaceutical Industry:
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is extensively used in the pharmaceutical industry for topical medications, including skincare applications such as acne treatments, wart removers, and callus removal products.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is also used in oral medications for pain and fever relief.


-Cosmetic Industry:
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a key component in many cosmetic items, especially those focused on skincare.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is commonly found in cleansers, toners, serums, and spot treatments, improving skin texture, unclogging pores, and reducing blemishes.


-Agricultural Industry:
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is highly beneficial in agriculture.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) promotes plant growth, enhances crop yield, and protects plants from diseases.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) can be applied directly to plants or used in seed treatments.


-Medicine:
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) as a medication is commonly used to remove the outer layer of the skin.
As such, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is used to treat warts, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, ringworm, dandruff, and ichthyosis.
Similar to other hydroxy acids, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is an ingredient in many skincare products for the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis, acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, acanthosis nigricans, ichthyosis, and warts.



METHODS OF PREPARATION OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
There are two most common methods in use for the preparation of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) are as follows –
From Phenol:
When phenol is reacted with sodium hydroxide, it forms sodium phenoxide.
Sodium phenoxide then undergoes distillation and dehydration.

This process is followed by a carboxylation reaction with carbon dioxide, which results in the formation of sodium salicylate i.e., salt of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid).
This salt then further reacted with an acid or hydronium ion or any species that denotes a proton to obtain the 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid).

From Methyl Salicylate:
Methyl salicylate also known as oil of wintergreen is commonly called analgesic in the pharmaceutical industry.
It is in use for the preparation of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid).

In this reaction, methyl salicylate is reacted with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to lead to the formation of a sodium salt intermediate of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid).
This acid is named disodium salicylate, which upon undergoing further reaction with sulphuric acid leads to the formation of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid).



ALTERNATIVE PARENTS OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
*Benzoic acids
*Benzoyl derivatives
*1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
*Vinylogous acids
*Monocarboxylic acids and derivatives
*Carboxylic acids
*Organooxygen compounds
*Organic oxides
*Hydrocarbon derivatives



SUBSTITUENTS OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
*Salicylic acid
*Benzoic acid
*Benzoyl
*1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
*1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
*Phenol
*Vinylogous acid
*Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
*Carboxylic acid
*Carboxylic acid derivative
*Organic oxygen compound
*Organic oxide
*Hydrocarbon derivative
*Organooxygen compound
*Aromatic homomonocyclic compound



PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a colourless, odourless and needle-shaped crystals at room temperature.
The taste of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is acrid.
The boiling point and melting point of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) are 211oC and 315oC respectively.

The 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) molecule has two hydrogen bond donors and three hydrogen bond acceptors.
The flashpoint of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is 157oC.
Due to its lipophilic nature, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s solubility in water is very poor i.e., 1.8 g/L at 25oC.

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is soluble in organic solvents like carbon tetrachloride, benzene, propanol, ethanol and acetone.
The density of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is 1.44 at 20oC.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s vapour pressure is 8.2×105mmHg at 25oC.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a tendency to undergo discolouration when exposed to direct sunlight due to its photochemical degradation.

Upon degradation, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) emits irritating fumes and acrid smelling smoke.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s heat of combustion is3.026mj/mole at 25oC.
The pH of a saturated solution of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is 2.4.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s pka value i.e., dissociation constant is 2.97.



CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
*Formation of aspirin:
In the pharmaceutical industry, the most important reaction associated with the use of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is the production of aspirin i.e., acetylsalicylic acid.

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is one of the most commonly used analgesics and blood-thinning agent.
In this reaction, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is reacting with acetic anhydride.
It leads to the acetylation of the hydroxyl group present in the 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), thereby resulting in the production of acetylsalicylic acid i.e., aspirin.

Acetic acid is manufactured as a byproduct of this reaction.
This is also present as one of the impurities during large scale production of aspirin.
These impurities must be removed from the resulting product mixture by several refining processes.

*Esterification Reaction:
Since 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is an organic acid, it undergoes a reaction with organic alcohol groups to produce a new organic chemical class alike ester.

When 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is reacting with methanol in an acidic medium preferably sulphuric acid in the presence of heat, a dehydration reaction occurs with the loss of water −OH− ion.
This ion is lost from the carboxylic acid functional group present in the 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) molecule and the H+ ion is lost from the deprotonation of the methanol molecule, resulting in the formation of methyl salicylate (an ester).



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) modulates COX-1 enzymatic activity to decrease the formation of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins.
Salicylate may competitively inhibit prostaglandin formation. Salicylate's antirheumatic (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory) actions are a result of its analgesic and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.



STRUCTURE OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
The structural formula of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is C6H4(OH)COOH.
The chemical formula can also be written as C7H6O3 in the condensed form.
The IUPAC name of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is 2-hydroxybenzoic acid.

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) has a hydroxyl group i.e., -OH group attached at the ortho position with respect to the carboxylic acid.
This COOH group is present on the benzene ring.
The molecular weight or molar mass of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is 138.12 g/mol.

All carbon atoms present in the benzene ring of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) are sp2 hybridized.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) forms an intramolecular hydrogen bond.

In an aqueous solution, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) dissociates to lose a proton from the carboxylic acid.
The resulting carboxylate ion i.e., −COO− undergoes intermolecular interaction with the hydrogen atom of the hydroxyl group i.e., -OH.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) leads to the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond.



MECHANISM OF ACTION OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) directly irreversibly inhibits COX-1 and COX-2 to decrease conversion of arachidonic acid to precursors of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
Salicylate's use in rheumatic diseases is due to it's analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a key ingredient in many skin-care products for the treatment of acne, psoriasis, calluses, corns, keratosis pilaris, and warts.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) allows cells of the epidermis to more readily slough off.

Because of its effect on skin cells, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is used in several shampoos used to treat dandruff.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is also used as an active ingredient in gels which remove verrucas (plantar warts).
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) competitively inhibits oxidation of uridine-5-diphosphoglucose (UDPG) with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD) and non-competitively with UDPG.

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) also competitively inhibits the transferring of the glucuronyl group of uridine-5-phosphoglucuronic acid (UDPGA) to a phenolic acceptor.
Inhibition of mucopoly saccharide synthesis is likely responsible for the slowing of wound healing with salicylates.



PRODUCTION AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
Biosynthesis
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is biosynthesized from the amino acid phenylalanine.
In Arabidopsis thaliana, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) can be synthesized via a phenylalanine-independent pathway.



CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
Commercial vendors prepare sodium salicylate by treating sodium phenolate (the sodium salt of phenol) with carbon dioxide at high pressure (100 atm) and high temperature (115 °C) – a method known as the Kolbe-Schmitt reaction. Acidifying the product with sulfuric acid gives 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid):

At the laboratory scale, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) can also be prepared by the hydrolysis of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) or methyl salicylate (oil of wintergreen) with a strong acid or base; these reactions reverse those chemicals' commercial syntheses.



REACTIONS OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
Upon heating, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) converts to phenyl salicylate:
2 HOC6H4CO2H → C6H5O2C6H4OH + CO2 + H2O

Further heating gives xanthone.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) as its conjugate base is a chelating agent, with an affinity for iron(III).
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) slowly degrades to phenol and carbon dioxide at 200–230 °C:
C6H4OH(CO2H) → C6H5OH + CO2



DIETARY SOURCES OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) occurs in plants as free salicylic acid and its carboxylated esters and phenolic glycosides.
Several studies suggest that humans metabolize 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) in measurable quantities from these plants.
High-salicylate beverages and foods include beer, coffee, tea, numerous fruits and vegetables, sweet potato, nuts, and olive oil.

Meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, sugar, breads and cereals have low salicylate content.
Some people with sensitivity to dietary salicylates may have symptoms of allergic reaction, such as bronchial asthma, rhinitis, gastrointestinal disorders, or diarrhea, so may need to adopt a low-salicylate diet.



PLANT HORMONE, 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is a phenolic phytohormone, and is found in plants with roles in plant growth and development, photosynthesis, transpiration, and ion uptake and transport.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is involved in endogenous signaling, mediating plant defense against pathogens.

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) plays a role in the resistance to pathogens (i.e. systemic acquired resistance) by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins and other defensive metabolites.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid)'s defense signaling role is most clearly demonstrated by experiments which do away with it: Delaney et al. 1994, Gaffney et al. 1993, Lawton et al. 1995, and Vernooij et al. 1994 each use Nicotiana tabacum or Arabidopsis expressing nahG, for salicylate hydroxylase.

Pathogen inoculation did not produce the customarily high 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) levels, SAR was not produced, and no PR genes were expressed in systemic leaves.
Indeed, the subjects were more susceptible to virulent – and even normally avirulent – pathogens.

Exogenously, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) can aid plant development via enhanced seed germination, bud flowering, and fruit ripening, though too high of a concentration of salicylic acid can negatively regulate these developmental processes.
The volatile methyl ester of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), methyl salicylate, can also diffuse through the air, facilitating plant-plant communication.

Methyl salicylate is taken up by the stomata of the nearby plant, where it can induce an immune response after being converted back to 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid).



SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
A number of proteins have been identified that interact with SA in plants, especially 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) binding proteins (SABPs) and the NPR genes (nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes), which are putative receptors.



HISTORY OF 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
Willow has long been used for medicinal purposes.
Dioscorides, whose writings were highly influential for more than 1,500 years, used 'Itea' (which was possibly a species of willow) as a treatment for 'painful intestinal obstructions,' birth control, for 'those who spit blood,' to remove calluses and corns and, externally, as a 'warm pack for gout.'

William Turner, in 1597, repeated this, saying that willow bark, 'being burnt to ashes, and steeped in vinegar, takes away corns and other like risings in the feet and toes.'
Some of these cures may describe the action of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid), which can be derived from the salicin present in willow.

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) is, however, a modern myth that Hippocrates used willow as a painkiller.
Hippocrates, Galen, Pliny the Elder, and others knew that decoctions containing salicylate could ease pain and reduce fevers.
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) was used in Europe and China to treat these conditions.
This remedy is mentioned in texts from Ancient Egypt, Sumer, and Assyria.

The Cherokee and other Native Americans use an infusion of the bark for fever and other medicinal purposes.
In 2014, archaeologists identified traces of 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) on seventh-century pottery fragments found in east-central Colorado.
The Reverend Edward Stone, a vicar from Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, England, reported in 1763 that the bark of the willow was effective in reducing a fever.

An extract of willow bark, called salicin, after the Latin name for the white willow (Salix alba), was isolated and named by German chemist Johann Andreas Buchner in 1828.
A larger amount of the substance was isolated in 1829 by Henri Leroux, a French pharmacist.
Raffaele Piria, an Italian chemist, was able to convert the substance into a sugar and a second component, which on oxidation becomes 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid).

2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) was also isolated from the herb meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria, formerly classified as Spiraea ulmaria) by German researchers in 1839.
Their extract caused digestive problems such as gastric irritation, bleeding, diarrhea, and even death when consumed in high doses.

In 1874 the Scottish physician Thomas MacLagan experimented with salicin as a treatment for acute rheumatism, with considerable success, as he reported in The Lancet in 1876.
Meanwhile, German scientists tried sodium salicylate with less success and more severe side effects.

In 1979, salicylates were found to be involved in induced defenses of tobacco against tobacco mosaic virus.
In 1987, 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid (Salicyclic Acid) was identified as the long-sought signal that causes thermogenic plants, such as the voodoo lily, Sauromatum guttatum, to produce heat.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
Formula : C7H6O3
Molecular weight : 138,12 g/mol
CAS-No. : 69-72-7
EC-No. : 200-712-3
Physical state: powdercrystalline
Color: white
Odor: odorless
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 158 - 160 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 211 °C at 27 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Lower explosion limit: 1,1 %(V)
Flash point 157 °C - closed cup
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 2,4 at 20 °C

CAS number: 69-72-7
Weight Average: 138.1207
Monoisotopic: 138.031694058
InChI Key: YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10)
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name: salicylic
Chemical Formula: C7H6O3
SMILES: OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 2,25 at 25 °C - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa at 114 °C
Density: 1,44 g/cm3 at 20 °C

Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available
Chemical Name : 2 – Hydroxybenzoic Acid
Molecular Formula : C7H6O3
Molecular Weight : 138.1
Description : White / colourless, crystalline powder / acicular crystals
Solubility: Solubility (weight percent):
carbon tetrachloride 0.262 (25 °C);
benzene 0.775 (25 °C); propanol 27.36 (21 °C);
absolute ethanol 34.87 (21 °C); acetone 396 (23 °C)
Appearance: White poder
Storage: Store at RT.

EINECS: 200-712-3
Hazard Codes: Xn
HS Code: 2918211000
Log P: 1.09040
MDL: MFCD00002439
pH: pH of saturated solution: 2.4
PSA: 57.53
Quality Standard: Enterprise Standard
Refractive Index: 1.565
Risk Statements: R22; R36/37/38; R41
CAS No. : 69-72-7
CAS: 69-72-7
MF: C7H6O3
MW: 138.12
EINECS: 200-712-3
Mol File: 69-72-7.mol
Salicylic acid: Chemical Properties

Melting point: 158-161 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 211 °C(lit.)
density: 1.44
vapor density: 4.8 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 114 °C)
refractive index: 1,565
FEMA: 3985 | 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
Fp: 157 °C
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: ethanol: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: 2.98(at 25℃)
Iron: 2 ppm (max.) I.P.
Molecular Weight: 138.12 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 138.031694049 g/mol

Monoisotopic Mass: 138.031694049 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 133
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
form: Solid
color: White to off-white
PH Range: Non0 uorescence (2.5) to dark blue 0 uorescence (4.0)
Odor: at 100.00 %. faint phenolic nutty
PH: 3.21(1 mM solution);2.57(10 mM solution);2.02(100 mM solution);
Odor Type: nutty

Water Solubility: 1.8 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
λmax: 210nm, 234nm, 303nm
Merck: 148,332
JECFA Number: 958
Sublimation: 70 ºC
BRN: 774890
Stability: Stable.
InChIKey: YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.01
CAS DataBase Reference: 69-72-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-(69-72-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Salicylic acid (69-72-7)
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid
Molecular Weight: 138.12
Molecular Formula: C7H6O3
Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)O

InChI: InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10)
InChIKey: YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Boiling Point: 211 ℃ (20 mmHg)
Melting Point: 154-156 ℃
Flash Point: 157ºC
Purity: > 98 %
Density: 1.44 g/cm3
RTECS: VO0525000
Safety Statements: S26-S37/39
Stability: Stable.
Vapor Density: 4.8
Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 114 °C)
Odour: Almost Odourless.
Melting Range: 158.5°C to 161.0°C.
Appearance of Solution/
Clarity & Colour of Solution: Passes test as per B.P./I.P.
Heavy Metals: 20 ppm (max)
Sulphated Ash/Residue on Ignition: 0.1% w/w (I.P./B.P.Limit) / 0.05% w/w (U.S.P. Limit)

Chloride: 125 ppm (max.) I.P./100 ppm (max.) B.P.
Sulphate: 0.02% (max.) I.P./140 ppm U.S.P.
Related Substance: Complies with the B.P. test.
Loss of Drying: 0.5% (max.) B.P.
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
CAS number: 69-72-7
EC number: 200-712-3
Hill Formula: C₇H₆O₃
Chemical formula: HOC₆H₄COOH
Molar Mass: 138.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 21 10
Boiling point: 211 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.44 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 157 °C
Ignition temperature: 500 °C

Melting Point: 158 - 160 °C
pH value: 2.4 (H₂O, 20 °C) (saturated solution)
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa (114 °C)
Bulk density: 400 - 500 kg/m3
Solubility: 2 g/l
Chemical formula: C7H6O3
Molar mass: 138.122 g/mol
Appearance: Colorless to white crystals
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: ethanol: 1 M at 20 °C, clear, colorless
pka: 2.98(at 25℃)
form: Solid
color: White to off-white
PH Range: Non0 uorescence (2.5) to dark blue 0 uorescence (4.0)
Odor: at 100.00 %. faint phenolic nutty
PH: 3.21(1 mM solution);2.57(10 mM solution);2.02(100 mM solution);

Odor Type: nutty
Water Solubility: 1.8 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
λmax: 210nm, 234nm, 303nm
Merck: 148,332
JECFA Number: 958
Sublimation: 70 ºC
BRN: 774890
Stability:: Stable. S
ubstances to be avoided include oxidizing agents, strong bases, iodine, fluorine.
Sensitive to light.
Odor: Odorless
Density: 1.443 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: 158.6 °C (317.5 °F; 431.8 K)
Boiling point: 211 °C (412 °F; 484 K) at 20 mmHg
Sublimation conditions: Sublimes at 76 °C

Solubility in water:
1.24 g/L (0 °C)
2.48 g/L (25 °C)
4.14 g/L (40 °C)
17.41 g/L (75 °C)
77.79 g/L (100 °C)
Solubility: Soluble in ether, CCl4, benzene, propanol,
acetone, ethanol, oil of turpentine, toluene
Solubility in benzene:
0.46 g/100 g (11.7 °C)
0.775 g/100 g (25 °C)
0.991 g/100 g (30.5 °C)
2.38 g/100 g (49.4 °C)
4.4 g/100 g (64.2 °C)
InChIKey: YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

LogP: 2.01
CAS DataBase Reference: 69-72-7(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-(69-72-7)
EPA Substance Registry System: Salicylic acid (69-72-7)
IUPAC: SALICYLICACID
CAS Number: 69-72-7
Molecular Weight: 138.122
Formula: C7H6O3
SMILES: OC(=O)C1=C(O)C=CC=C1
Preferred IUPAC Name: 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
InChIKey: InChIKey=YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Melting Point: 158°C
Color: White
pH: 3.6
Boiling Point: 211°C
Formula Weight: 138.12g/mol
Vapor Pressure: 0.3mbar 95

Physical Form: Solid
Thermochemistry:
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298): −589.9 kJ/mol
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): -3.025 MJ/mol
CAS: 69-72-7
MF: C7H6O3
MW: 138.12
EINECS: 200-712-3
Mol File: 69-72-7.mol
Salicylic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 158-161 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 211 °C(lit.)
density: 1.44
vapor density: 4.8 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 114 °C)
refractive index: 1,565
FEMA: 3985 | 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
Fp: 157 °C

Solubility in chloroform:
2.22 g/100 mL (25 °C)
2.31 g/100 mL (30.5 °C)
Solubility in methanol:
40.67 g/100 g (−3 °C)
62.48 g/100 g (21 °C)
Solubility in olive oil: 2.43 g/100 g (23 °C)
Solubility in acetone: 39.6 g/100 g (23 °C)
log P: 2.26
Vapor pressure: 10.93 mPa
Acidity (pKa):
2.97 (25 °C)
13.82 (20 °C)
UV-vis (λmax): 210 nm, 234 nm, 303 nm (4 mg/dL in ethanol)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ): −72.23·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD): 1.565 (20 °C)
Dipole moment: 2.65 D
InChI: InChI=1S/C7H6O3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10)
IUPAC Name: 2-hydroxybenzoic acid

Traditional IUPAC Name: salicylic
Chemical Formula: C7H6O3
SMILES: OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O
Appearance: white powder (est)
Assay: 99.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 158.00 to 161.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 211.00 °C. @ 20.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 336.00 to 337.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Vapor Pressure: 1.000000 mmHg @ 114.00 °C.
Vapor Density: 4.8 ( Air = 1 )
Flash Point: > 212.00 °F. TCC ( > 100.00 °C. )
logP (o/w): 2.260
Soluble in: alcohol
water, 3808 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)
water, 2240 mg/L @ 25 °C (exp)

CAS number: 69-72-7
EC number: 200-712-3
Hill Formula: C₇H₆O₃
Chemical formula: HOC₆H₄COOH
Molar Mass: 138.12 g/mol
HS Code: 2918 21 10
Boiling point: 211 °C (1013 hPa)
Density: 1.44 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flash point: 157 °C
Ignition temperature: 500 °C
Melting Point: 158 - 160 °C
pH value: 2.4 (H₂O, 20 °C) (saturated solution)
Vapor pressure: 1 hPa (114 °C)
Bulk density: 400 - 500 kg/m3
Solubility: 2 g/l
CAS number: 69-72-7
Weight Average: 138.1207
Monoisotopic: 138.031694058
InChI Key: YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Tightly fitting safety goggles
*Skin protection:
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Store at Room Temperature.
Light sensitive



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID (SALICYCLIC ACID):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


2-HYDROXYBUTANEDIOIC ACID

2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, also known as tartronic acid or hydroxymalonic acid, is a simple organic compound with the chemical formula C4H6O5.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, meaning it contains two carboxylic acid functional groups (-COOH) in its structure.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid gets its name from its chemical structure, which consists of a four-carbon chain with two hydroxyl (-OH) groups and two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.

CAS Number: 87-69-4
EC Number: 201-778-2



APPLICATIONS


2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid is a fascinating organic compound characterized by its distinctive chemical structure.
The chemical formula of 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid, C4H6O5, illustrates a molecule with four carbon atoms, two carboxyl (-COOH) groups, and two hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid is classified as a dicarboxylic acid due to the presence of two carboxyl groups in its molecular structure.
Typically, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid exists in the form of white crystalline granules or a fine powder, devoid of any noticeable odor.

The name "2-hydroxybutanedioic acid" reflects its relationship to tartaric acid, another well-known organic acid with a comparable structure.
One of the distinguishing features of 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is its water solubility, and it readily dissolves in polar solvents thanks to its hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups.

Although it contains carboxyl groups, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is considered a weak organic acid with relatively mild acidity compared to strong mineral acids.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid finds applications in various chemical and biochemical processes, although it is not as ubiquitous as some other organic acids.
In nature, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid can be found in certain plants and is formed as a byproduct in certain biological reactions.

2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid is relatively uncomplicated chemically, making it an object of interest in specific chemical research endeavors.
Its hydroxyl and carboxyl groups grant 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid the ability to partake in chemical reactions as both an acid and an alcohol.

Hydrogen bonding capabilities arise from the hydroxyl groups in 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid and its interaction with other molecules.
The molecular weight of 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is approximately 134.09 grams/mol.
While used sparingly, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid has some limited applications in the realms of food and pharmaceutical industries, mostly in research and development contexts.
In culinary applications and common consumer products, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is not a well-known or widely used ingredient.

Its role in taste and aroma is negligible, as it is not typically encountered in everyday foods or beverages.
In chemical terminology, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is often referred to as 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid to underscore its chemical structure.
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid can contribute to the acidity of a water-based solution when dissolved, albeit to a limited degree.
Its water solubility makes it easily incorporable into various laboratory solutions and experimental setups.

While less renowned than some other organic acids, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid has its niche in chemical research and laboratory work.
Its relatively straightforward structure renders it a valuable model compound for investigating specific chemical reactions and processes.
Due to its mild acidity, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is less reactive and corrosive than potent mineral acids.

Chemists and researchers may encounter 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid in various chemical reactions, particularly those involving organic acids.
In scientific investigations and organic chemistry, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid plays a specific role thanks to its unique structure and chemical properties.
Overall, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid stands as an intriguing compound, offering insights and utility in various scientific pursuits.

2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid is commonly used in the food and beverage industry as an acidity regulator and flavor enhancer.
It finds application in pH control in food processing, helping maintain the desired acidity levels in products like canned vegetables and soft drinks.

Cosmetic products often incorporate 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid for its exfoliating and skin-renewing properties.
In chemical synthesis, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid serves as a versatile reagent and starting material for the preparation of various compounds.

Biotechnology laboratories use 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid in enzymatic assays and biochemical research due to its mild acidity.
Cleaning products may contain 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid as a chelating agent to remove mineral deposits.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is effective in cleaning and descaling metals, including the removal of rust from iron and steel surfaces.

In photography, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid plays a role in developing solutions used for black and white film processing.
Some dental products incorporate 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid for its mild acidic properties in dental treatments.
In pharmaceutical formulations, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is occasionally used for specific medicinal purposes.

Analytical chemistry relies on 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid as a reagent in various chemical tests and analyses.
Laboratories frequently use 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid in chemical research and experiments due to its availability and compatibility.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid can be employed in water treatment as a chemical for pH adjustment and metal removal.
Household cleaning products use it to remove rust stains from various surfaces.

The production of fertilizers may involve 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid as a component in certain formulations.
Buffer solutions in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories rely on 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid as a key component.
In educational settings, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is used for chemistry demonstrations, illustrating acid-base reactions and titrations.
Researchers use 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid in chemical investigations and studies across various fields.

Electroplating processes may employ it to prepare metal surfaces for plating.
The textile industry uses 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid for dyeing and finishing processes.
Pharmaceutical research often involves 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid as a reagen in drug development.

In the paper and pulp industry, it helps control pH levels during processing.
Agriculture applications may include 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid in soil treatments and agricultural chemicals.
Metalworking industries use it for removing scale and rust from metal surfaces

Chemistry laboratories utilize 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid for educational purposes, demonstrating various chemical principles.
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid is employed in the food industry to adjust and enhance the acidity of various food products, such as jams and jellies.
In the beverage industry, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is used to control the tartness and acidity of fruit juices, soft drinks, and sports drinks

Some pharmaceutical formulations utilize 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid as a pH-adjusting agent to maintain the stability and effectiveness of medications.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is commonly used in the production of effervescent tablets and powders, contributing to their fizziness when dissolved in water.
In the wine industry, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is found naturally in grapes and is important for the fermentation process

2-hydroxybutanedioic acid serves as a key component in the manufacturing of baking powder, where it acts as a leavening agent to make baked goods rise.
In the cleaning and descaling of household appliances such as coffee makers and dishwashers, it helps remove mineral deposits.
The textile and dyeing industry relies on 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid for dye fixation and color fastness in fabrics.
Some personal care products, including shampoos and conditioners, incorporate it for its water-softening properties

In the field of analytical chemistry, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is used as a titrant in acid-base titrations to determine the concentration of other substances.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid plays a role in the preparation of laboratory reagents and solutions used in various scientific experiments.
Water treatment facilities use 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid to prevent the buildup of scale and corrosion in pipes and equipment.
The automotive industry employs 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid in coolant formulations to inhibit rust and corrosion in car engines.

Metalworking operations often use it for pickling and descaling metals before further processing.
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid is involved in the production of detergents and cleaning agents, aiding in the removal of hard water stains.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is a component of some antifreeze solutions used in radiators to prevent freezing and corrosion.
Horticulturists may use it in soil treatments to adjust pH levels for optimal plant growth.

In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used as a stabilizing agent in certain drug formulations.
Water softeners for residential and industrial use utilize 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid to remove hardness ions like calcium and magnesium.


Some industries 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid used in:

Food and Beverage Industry:
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid is utilized as an acidity regulator and flavor enhancer in the food and beverage industry.

pH Control:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid serves as a buffering agent in food processing to maintain or adjust pH levels in products like canned vegetables and soft drinks.

Cosmetic Products:
In cosmetics and skincare products, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid may be used for its exfoliating and skin-renewing properties.

Chemical Synthesis:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid finds applications in chemical synthesis as a starting material or reagent in the preparation of various compounds.

Biotechnology:
In biotechnology, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is employed in enzymatic assays and biochemical research due to its mild acidity.

Cleaning Products:
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid can be used in cleaning products as a chelating agent to bind and remove mineral deposits.

Metal Cleaning:
It is used to clean and descale metals, such as removing rust from iron and steel surfaces.

Photography:
In photography, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is used in developing solutions for black and white film processing.

Dentistry:
Some dental products use 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid for its mild acidic properties in dental treatments.

Medicine:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is occasionally used in pharmaceutical formulations for specific medicinal purposes.

Chemical Analysis:
In analytical chemistry, 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid can serve as a reagent in various chemical tests and analyses.

Laboratory Research:
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid is used in laboratories for its availability and compatibility with many chemical reactions.

Water Treatment:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid can be used as a water treatment chemical for pH adjustment and metal removal.

Cleaning Rust Stains:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is used in household cleaning products to remove rust stains from various surfaces.

Fertilizer Manufacturing:
In the production of fertilizers, it may be employed as a component in certain formulations.

Buffer Solutions:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is a key component in buffer solutions used in biochemical and molecular biology laboratories.

Chemical Education:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is used in educational settings to demonstrate acid-base reactions and titrations.

Chemical Research:
Researchers use 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid in chemical investigations and studies.

Electroplating:
In electroplating processes, it can be used to prepare metal surfaces for plating.

Textile Industry:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is used in the textile industry for dyeing and finishing processes.

Pharmaceutical Research:
Pharmaceutical researchers may use 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid as a reagent in the development of new drugs.

Paper and Pulp Industry:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid can be used to control pH levels in paper and pulp processing.

Agriculture:
In agriculture, it may be employed in soil treatments and as a component in agricultural chemicals.

Metalworking:
In metalworking, it can be used to remove scale and rust from metal surfaces.

Laboratory Demonstrations:
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is used for educational purposes in chemistry laboratory experiments to illustrate chemical principles.



DESCRIPTION


2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, also known as tartronic acid or hydroxymalonic acid, is a simple organic compound with the chemical formula C4H6O5.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid is a dicarboxylic acid, meaning it contains two carboxylic acid functional groups (-COOH) in its structure.
2-hydroxybutanedioic acid gets its name from its chemical structure, which consists of a four-carbon chain with two hydroxyl (-OH) groups and two carboxyl (-COOH) groups.



PROPERTIES


Chemical Properties:

Chemical Formula: C4H6O5
Molar Mass: Approximately 134.09 grams/mol
Chemical Structure: It contains a four-carbon chain with two carboxyl (-COOH) groups and two hydroxyl (-OH) groups.
Functional Groups: It has two carboxyl groups and two hydroxyl groups, making it a dicarboxylic acid.
Solubility: It is soluble in water and polar solvents due to its hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups.
Acidity: It is a weak organic acid due to the carboxyl groups but has relatively mild acidity compared to strong mineral acids.
Melting Point: Approximately 150-155°C (302-311°F)
Boiling Point: Decomposes before boiling.


Physical Properties:

Physical State: Typically found as a white crystalline solid.
Odor: Generally odorless.
Taste: Tasteless.
Density: The density of a saturated aqueous solution at 20°C is approximately 1.53 g/cm³.
pH: In solution, it can contribute to acidity, lowering the pH.
Hydrogen Bonding: It can form hydrogen bonds with other molecules due to its hydroxyl groups.
Crystal Structure: Crystals of 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid can exhibit different crystal forms, including monoclinic and orthorhombic.



HANDLING AND STORAGE


Handling:

Personal Protective Equipment:
When handling 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid, wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including laboratory gloves, safety goggles, and a lab coat to prevent skin and eye contact.

Ventilation:
Use chemical fume hoods or work in well-ventilated areas to minimize exposure to airborne dust and vapors. Avoid inhaling the substance.

Avoid Skin and Eye Contact:
In case of accidental contact with the skin or eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Avoid Ingestion:
Do not ingest 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid. Wash hands thoroughly after handling the compound and before eating, drinking, or using the restroom.

Spills and Leaks:
In the event of a spill, promptly clean up the spilled material using appropriate spill control measures. Wear protective gear and use absorbent materials to contain and absorb the substance.

Chemical Compatibility:
Be aware of the chemical compatibility of 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid with other substances and equipment to avoid unintended reactions or damage.


Storage:

Storage Location:
Store 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible materials.

Temperature:
Maintain storage temperatures within the specified range, which is typically at or below room temperature. Check the manufacturer's recommendations for precise storage conditions.

Container:
Keep the substance in a tightly sealed container, such as a chemical-resistant glass or plastic container, to prevent contamination and moisture absorption.

Labeling:
Clearly label storage containers with the name, chemical formula, hazard information, and appropriate handling precautions for easy identification.

Separation:
Store 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid away from incompatible materials, including strong bases, strong acids, and oxidizing agents.

Fire Precautions:
Although it does not have a specific fire hazard, store it away from open flames and potential sources of ignition.

Access Control:
Restrict access to storage areas and ensure that only authorized personnel with proper training handle the substance.



SYNONYMS


Tartronic acid
Hydroxymalonic acid
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxyethanedicarboxylic acid
Dihydroxybutanedioic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
α-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxybutanedioate
Hydroxysuccinate
alpha-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Malic acid, hydroxy-
Hydroxybutanedioate
Malic acid, 2-hydroxy-
2-Hydroxybutanedioate
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Dihydroxysuccinic acid
alpha-Hydroxymalonic acid
Tartronate
2-Hydroxysuccinate
2-Hydroxymalonic acid
Hydroxyethylsuccinic acid
Malonic acid, 2-hydroxy-
2-Hydroxymalic acid
Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-Hydroxybutanedioate
alpha-Hydroxyethanedicarboxylic acid
2-Hydroxyethanedicarboxylic acid
2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
Hydroxymalic acid
Malonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (S)-
L-Tartronic acid
2-Hydroxymalonic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
L-Malic acid
Hydroxysuccinate
L-Hydroxymalonic acid
L-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxybutanedioate
Hydroxylmalonic acid
L-2-Hydroxymalonic acid
(S)-Malic acid, hydroxy-
(S)-Malic acid, 2-hydroxy-
(S)-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Hydroxyethylsuccinic acid
Hydroxysuccinic acid (S)-
Hydroxyethanedioic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxymalonic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxyethanedicarboxylic acid
Malic acid hydroxy-
Hydroxysuccinate
Hydroxyethanedicarboxylic acid
L-alpha-Hydroxymalonic acid
L-2-Hydroxyethanedicarboxylic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioate
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-
L-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
(S)-2-Hydroxyethanedicarboxylic acid
L-Malic acid, hydroxy-
Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-
L-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, (S)-
(S)-Malic acid, 2-hydroxy-
L-(+)-Tartronic acid
Malonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (R)-
(S)-Hydroxyethanedioic acid
2-Hydroxyethanedioic acid, (S)-
(R)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid
Malic acid, 2-hydroxy-, (S)-
(S)-2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, monosodium salt
(S)-2-Hydroxysuccinic acid, monosodium salt
2-Hydroxybutanedioic acid, monosodium salt
(S)-2-Hydroxyethanedicarboxylic acid, monosodium salt
(S)-Hydroxymalonic acid, monosodium salt
2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT (SODIUM ISETHIONATE)
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is a colorless, syrupy, strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is an organic salt and an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and daily chemicals.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is an organosulfur compound.

CAS Number: 1562-00-1
Molecular Formula: C2H5NaO4S
Molecular Weight: 148.11
EINECS Number: 216-343-6

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is a drug that is used to treat metabolic disorders such as cystinuria and hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is also used for the treatment of water-vapor related respiratory problems and cataracts, as well as for the prevention of renal stone formation.
This drug is made through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of taurine in reaction solution with phosphorus pentoxide.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) has been shown to increase locomotor activity in rats by improving their biochemical properties.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) binds to the chloride ion receptor site on the Na+/K+ ATPase, causing an inhibition of the enzyme's function.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate), is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C2H5NaO4S.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is the sodium salt of isethionic acid.

The chemical structure of isethionic acid includes a hydroxyl group (OH) and a sulfonic acid group (SO3H).
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is commonly used in cosmetic and personal care products, particularly in soap and detergent formulations.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) functions as a surfactant, which means it helps to reduce the surface tension of liquids and allows them to spread more easily.

In skincare products, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can contribute to the formation of a stable lather and enhance the cleansing properties of the product.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate), short chain alkane sulfonate containing hydroxy group, is a water soluble, strongly acidic liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable and high foaming anionic surfactants which provides gentle cleansing and soft skin feel.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is the trivial name for 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid which is the parent compound of sodium isethionate.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is prepared by the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite solution.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is the sodium salt of 2-hydroxyethane sulfonic acid (isethionic acid), it is used as a hydrophilic head group in washing-active surfactants, known as isethionates (acyloxyethanesulfonates) due to its strong polarity and resistance to multivalent ions.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is being studied as a high production volume chemical in the "High Production Volume (HPV) Chemical Challenge Program" of the US Environmental Protection Ministry EPA.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is an organosulfur compound containing an alkylsulfonic acid located beta to a hydroxy group.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate)s discovery is generally attributed to Heinrich Gustav Magnus, who prepared it by the action of solid sulfur trioxide on ethanol in 1833.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is a white water-soluble solid used in the manufacture of certain surfactants and in the industrial production of taurine.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is most commonly available in the form of its sodium salt (sodium isethionate).
Spectrum Chemical manufactures and distributes fine chemicals with quality can count on including those with CAS number 1562-00-1, Whether call it Isethionic Acid Sodium Salt, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic Acid Sodium Salt or Sodium Isethionate can be assured the Isethionic Acid Sodium Salt products offered by Spectrum, meet or exceed the grade requirements or specifications for each individual product.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.
Mammals are able to endogenously synthesize 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can be found in both human plasma and urine.
Higher plasma levels of 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

Melting point: 191-194 °C(lit.)
Density: 1762.7[at 20℃]
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear, colorless
form: Fine Powder
color: White
PH: 7.0-11.0 (20g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
BRN: 3633992
Stability: Stable. Hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.
LogP: -4.6 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 1562-00-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
EWG's Food Scores: 1

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) for synthesis is a high-quality product widely used in various industries.
Known for its superior quality and excellent performance, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is extensively used in the production of chemicals and pharmaceuticals for its exceptional properties and wide range of applications.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can have antistatic properties, which are beneficial in hair care products.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) helps reduce static electricity, making hair more manageable and less prone to frizz.
Some surfactants may not perform well in hard water, but 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) tends to be more compatible.
This makes 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) suitable for formulations in areas where hard water is prevalent.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate)'s versatility extends to its compatibility with various formulation types, such as liquid cleansers, solid bars, shampoos, and other personal care products.
In addition to its cleansing properties, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can contribute to a pleasant skin feel in cosmetic formulations, enhancing the overall sensory experience of the product.
As consumer demand for sustainable and eco-friendly products increases, there may be ongoing efforts within the industry to explore and develop more sustainable alternatives or production methods for ingredients like sodium isethionate.

The production of 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) involves the reaction of ethylene oxide with sodium bisulfite.
Understanding the manufacturing process is crucial for ensuring the quality and purity of the final ingredient.
Ongoing research in the cosmetic and personal care industry may lead to the exploration of alternative ingredients with similar or improved properties compared to 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate).

As consumers become more informed about the ingredients in personal care products, there may be an increased emphasis on providing transparent information about the purpose and safety of ingredients like 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate).
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) contributes to the stability of formulations by preventing phase separation or changes in texture over time, enhancing the overall shelf life of the product.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is recognized by its International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients (INCI) name, which is the standardized system for naming cosmetic ingredients globally.

Formulators may need to consider the compatibility of 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) with different packaging materials to ensure the stability and integrity of the product during storage and use.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is an organosulfur compound containing a short chain alkane sulfonate linked to a hydroxyl group.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is a water-soluble liquid used in the manufacture of mild, biodegradable, and high-foaming anionic surfactants.

These surfactants provide gentle cleansing and a soft skin feel.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) forms a colourless, syrupy, and strongly acidic liquid that can form detergents with oleic acid.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is frequently used in the industrial production of taurine.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) via taurine through a possible enzymatic deamination process.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can be found in both human plasma and urine.
Higher plasma levels of 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) have been shown to be protective against type 2 diabetes.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is an organosulfur compound.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is widely distributed in animal species and in a few red algal species.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can be used as an anionic detergent and has anti-settlement activity against Balanus amphitrite.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is commonly found in shampoos and hair care products.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate)s surfactant properties help in removing oils and dirt from the hair and scalp, contributing to the overall cleansing performance of the product.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is often used in the formulation of syndet bars, which are synthetic detergent bars.

These bars are considered milder than traditional soap bars and are popular for cleansing without causing excessive dryness.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is generally considered to be biodegradable.
Biodegradability is an important consideration in the formulation of personal care products to minimize environmental impact.

In some formulations, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is included in toothpaste.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is foaming and cleansing properties can contribute to the effectiveness of toothpaste in removing plaque and debris from the teeth.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can help to adjust and stabilize the pH of a formulation.

Maintaining the appropriate pH is crucial for the stability and performance of many cosmetic and personal care products.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate), may be subject to regulations and guidelines set by health authorities in different countries.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate)'s important for manufacturers to ensure that their formulations comply with relevant regulations.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is commercially available and is used by cosmetic and personal care product manufacturers worldwide.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is availability contributes to its widespread use in various formulations.
Ongoing research and development in the cosmetic industry may lead to the discovery of new applications or formulations involving 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate), as well as potential improvements in its performance or environmental impact.

Uses:
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is an amphoteric detergent used in detergent bar soaps.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) makes a dense lather in addition to the lather made by the soap.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is mild on the skin, and non-drying.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) works equally well in soft or hard water.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is also an anti-static agent in shampoos.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) works as an amphoteric detergent and can also be used as an intermediate in preparing surfactants derived from fatty acid sulfoalkyl esters (acyloxy ethane sulfonate).

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) increases the formulation's stability, improves the detergency in hard water, and is smooth to the skin.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is used in cleaning/washing agents, disinfectants, cosmetics, surface-active agents, shampoos, and bubble baths.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is used as a key raw material in the manufacturing of Igepon type surfactants which are ethanesulfonated detergent bars.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, pH regulators and water treatment products, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.
Release to the environment of 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is used in the following products: metal surface treatment products, pH regulators and water treatment products, pharmaceuticals, polymers and textile treatment products and dyes.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals, textile, leather or fur and metals.
Release to the environment of 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can also be used as the intermediate of shampoo, paste shampoo & detergent in daily chemical industry.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is used as the pharmaceutical raw materials, the intermediate of fine chemical products.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is a surfactant, so it is frequently used in cleansing products such as facial cleansers, body washes, and hand soaps.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) helps in emulsifying oils and removing dirt from the skin.
Due to its mild cleansing properties, sodium isethionate is used in hair care products, including shampoos and conditioners.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) contributes to the formation of a rich lather and aids in cleaning the hair and scalp.

Syndet bars, short for synthetic detergent bars, often contain sodium isethionate.
These bars are milder than traditional soap bars and are popular for use in sensitive skin products.
In some toothpaste formulations, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) may be included to contribute to the foaming action and cleaning properties.

Its antistatic properties make 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) suitable for use in hair care products designed to reduce static electricity, making hair more manageable.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can be used to adjust and stabilize the pH of formulations.
This is important in maintaining the effectiveness and stability of various cosmetic products.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can act as a stabilizing agent in certain formulations, contributing to the overall stability and shelf life of the product.
The hydroxyl group in 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can contribute to the hydrating properties of formulations, making it suitable for use in moisturizing products.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is compatible with a wide range of cosmetic ingredients, making it a versatile component in various formulations.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is often used in baby care products, such as baby shampoos and body washes, to provide a gentle cleansing experience for delicate skin.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can be included in facial cleansers and exfoliating scrubs to help cleanse the face and remove dead skin cells, contributing to a smoother complexion.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is sometimes used in combination with other surfactants to achieve specific performance characteristics.

This synergistic effect allows formulators to tailor the properties of the final product.
In addition to cleansers, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) may be included in creams and lotions to contribute to their emulsifying properties and enhance the spreadability of the product on the skin.
In hair care formulations, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can act as a pH adjuster, helping to maintain the desired pH level for optimal performance of the product.
As consumer demand for sulfate-free products increases, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) can be part of formulations designed to be sulfate-free while still providing effective cleansing.

2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate)is generally considered biodegradable, which is an important factor for formulators and consumers concerned about the environmental impact of cosmetic ingredients.
In some formulations, 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) may be included in hand sanitizers to contribute to the cleansing properties of the product.
Ongoing research in the cosmetic industry may lead to the discovery of new applications or improved formulations involving 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate).

Manufacturers need to ensure that products containing 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) comply with relevant regulations and safety guidelines established by health authorities in different regions.
As consumer preferences evolve, sodium isethionate may find new applications in response to trends such as natural and organic formulations, cruelty-free products, and other emerging market demands.

Safety Profile:
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is known for its mildness, but like any cosmetic ingredient, it has the potential to cause irritation in some individuals, particularly those with sensitive skin.
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate)'s advisable to conduct patch tests before widespread use, especially in products intended for sensitive areas like the face.
Care should be taken to avoid contact with eyes.

If contact occurs, rinsing with plenty of water is recommended.
Eye irritation can be a concern with many surfactants, so formulations containing sodium isethionate should be tested for ocular safety.
While 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) is generally well-tolerated, some people may be allergic or sensitive to specific ingredients.

Manufacturers should list all ingredients on product labels, allowing consumers to identify and avoid products containing substances to which they may be sensitive.
Products containing 2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Sodium Isethionate) are not intended for ingestion.
Ingesting cosmetic products can be harmful, and precautions should be taken to keep them out of reach of children.

Synonyms:
SODIUM ISETHIONATE
1562-00-1
Isethionic acid sodium salt
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid sodium salt
Sodium hydroxyethylsulfonate
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, monosodium salt
Sodium beta-hydroxyethanesulfonate
2-Hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, sodium salt
DTXSID7027413
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt (1:1)
3R36J71C17
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate; Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate; Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulphonate
HSDB 5838
NSC-124283
Sodium 1-hydroxy-2-ethanesulfonate
Sodium 2-hydroxy-1-ethanesulfonate
C2H5NaO4S
EINECS 216-343-6
MFCD00007534
NSC 124283
sodium;2-hydroxyethanesulfonate
UNII-3R36J71C17
Ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxy-, sodium salt
2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate
EC 216-343-6
sodium hydroxyethyl sulfonate
Isethionic acid, sodium salt
SCHEMBL125497
CHEMBL172191
DTXCID007413
ISETHIONATE, SODIUM SALT
Sodium 2-Hydroxy-Ethanesulfonate
SODIUM ISETHIONATE [HSDB]
SODIUM ISETHIONATE [INCI]
LADXKQRVAFSPTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Isethionic acid sodium salt, 98%
HY-Y1173
2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid; sodium
Tox21_200227
AKOS015912506
NCGC00257781-01
CAS-1562-00-1
SODIUM 2-HYDROXYETHANESULFONIC ACID
CS-0017163
FT-0627314
H0241
A809723
J-009283
Q1969744
F1905-7166
2-HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a type of alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is commonly used in skincare products and cosmetic treatments.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a deliquescent crystals that occur naturally as a component in sugarcane.

CAS Number: 79-14-1
EC Number: 201-180-5
Molecular Formula: C2H4O3
Molecular Weight: 76.05

Synonyms: glycolic acid, 2-Glycolic acid, Glycolic acid, 79-14-1, Glycollic acid, Hydroxyethanoic acid, Acetic acid, hydroxy-, glycolate, Polyglycolide, Caswell No. 470, Kyselina glykolova, alpha-Glycolic acid, Kyselina hydroxyoctova, 2-Hydroxyethanoic acid, HOCH2COOH, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 000101, HSDB 5227, NSC 166, Kyselina glykolova [Czech], AI3-15362, Kyselina hydroxyoctova [Czech], C2H4O3, Glycocide, GlyPure, BRN 1209322, NSC-166, Acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-, EINECS 201-180-5, UNII-0WT12SX38S, MFCD00004312, GlyPure 70, 0WT12SX38S, CCRIS 9474, DTXSID0025363, CHEBI:17497, Glycolic acid-13C2, .alpha.-Glycolic acid, GLYCOLLATE, DTXCID105363, NSC166, EC 201-180-5, 4-03-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), GLYCOLIC-2,2-D2 ACID, GOA, Glycolic acid (MART.), Glycolic acid [MART.], C2H3O3-, glycolicacid, Glycolate Standard: C2H3O3- @ 1000 microg/mL in H2O, Hydroxyethanoate, a-Hydroxyacetate, hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-Hydroxyaceticacid, alpha-Hydroxyacetate, a-Glycolic acid, 2-hydroxy acetic acid, 2-hydroxy-acetic acid, 2-hydroxyl ethanoic acid, HO-CH2-COOH, Glycolic acid solution, bmse000245, WLN: QV1Q, Glycolic acid [MI], Glycolic acid (7CI,8CI), Glycolic acid [INCI], Glycolic acid [VANDF], Glycolic acid, p.a., 98%, Acetic acid, hydroxy- (9CI), CHEMBL252557, Glycolic acid [WHO-DD], Glycolic acid, Crystal, Reagent, Glycolic acid [HSDB], BCP28762, Glycolic acid, >=97.0% (T), STR00936, Tox21_301298, s6272, STL197955, AKOS000118921, Glycolic acid, ReagentPlus(R), 99%, CS-W016683, DB03085, HY-W015967, SB83760, CAS-79-14-1, USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 000101, NCGC00160612-01, NCGC00160612-02, NCGC00257533-01, FT-0612572, FT-0669047, G0110, G0196, Glycolic acid 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile, EN300-19242, Glycolic acid, SAJ special grade, >=98.0%, C00160, C03547, D78078, Glycolic acid, Vetec(TM) reagent grade, 98%, Glycolic acid; HYDROXYETHANOIC ACID, Glycolic acid, BioXtra, >=98.0% (titration), Q409373, J-509661, F2191-0224, Glycolic acid; Hydroxyethanoic acid; Glycollic acid, Z104473274, 287EB351-FF9F-4A67-B4B9-D626406C9B13, Glycolic acid, certified reference material, TraceCERT(R), InChI=1/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5, Glycolic acid, anhydrous, free-flowing, Redi-Dri(TM), ReagentPlus(R), 99%, Glycolic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, O7Z

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is derived from sugar cane and belongs to a family of naturally occurring acids that are known for their exfoliating and skin-renewing properties.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is mainly supplemented to various skin-care products to improve the skin’s appearance and texture.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation. In textile industry, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be used as a dyeing and tanning agent.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid, CH20HCOOH, is composed of colorless deliquescent leaflets that decompose at approximately 78° C (172 OF).

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is also known as Glycolic acid, and its IUPAC name is hydroxyethanoic acid.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid that has antibacterial, antioxidant, keratolytic, and anti-inflammatory properties.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is soluble in water, alcohol and ether.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a colorless, odorless and hygroscopic crystalline solid, highly soluble in water.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in various skin-care products.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is widespread in nature.
A glycolate (sometimes spelled "glycollate") is a salt or ester of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in dyeing, tanning, electropolishing,and in foodstuffs.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is functionally related to acetic acid and is slightly stronger than it.

The salts or esters of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid are called glycolates.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is widespread in nature and can be separated from natural sources like sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe, and unripe grapes.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is produced by oxidizing glycol with dilute nitric acid.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in various skin-care products.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in processing and dyeing textiles and Leather.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is also used for cleaning, polishing, and soldering metals.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a colorless, odourless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid with the chemical formula C2H4O3.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is widespread in nature.

A glycolate (sometimes spelled "glycollate") is a salt or ester of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid, or 2-hydroxyethanoic acid, is a weak acid.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is sold commercially as a 70% solution.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is widely used in the skincare and cosmetic industry due to 2-hydroxyethanoic acid ability to exfoliate the skin, promote skin cell turnover, and improve the overall texture and appearance of the skin.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid, also known as 2-hydroxyacetate or glycolate, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as alpha hydroxy acids and derivatives.

These are organic compounds containing a carboxylic acid substituted with a hydroxyl group on the adjacent carbon.
This could make 2-hydroxyethanoic acid a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods.
Once applied, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a potentially toxic compound.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as transurethral resection of the prostate and biliary atresia; 2-hydroxyethanoic acid has also been linked to several inborn metabolic disorders including glutaric acidemia type 2, 2-hydroxyethanoic aciduria, and d-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria.

2-hydroxyethanoic and oxalic acid, along with excess lactic acid, are responsible for the anion gap metabolic acidosis.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans.
In humans, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is involved in rosiglitazone metabolism pathway.

Outside of the human body, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as sourdocks, pineappple sages, celeriacs, cloves, and feijoa.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on 2-hydroxyethanoic acid pKa).
2-hydroxyethanoic acid works by breaking down the bonds between dead skin cells on the surface of the skin, allowing them to be sloughed off more easily.

This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid proton.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid addresses skin issues by exfoliating dead skin cells that accumulate on the surface of the epidermis and contribute to dull, discolored, and uneven looking skin.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can make the skin more sensitive in the sunlight, hence always use sunscreen and protective clothing before you step outdoors.

Plants produce 2-hydroxyethanoic acid during photorespiration.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is recycled by conversion to glycine within the peroxisomes and to tartronic acid semialdehyde within the chloroplasts.
Common side effects of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid include dry skin, erythema (skin redness), burning sensation, itching, skin irritation, and skin rash.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA).
This colourless, odourless, and hygroscopic crystalline solid is highly soluble in water.
Due to its excellent capability to penetrate skin, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is often used in skin care products, most often as a chemical peel.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid may reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation and improve many other skin conditions, including actinic keratosis, hyperkeratosis, and seborrheic keratosis.
Acute doses of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid on skin or eyes leads to local effects that are typical of a strong acid (e.g. dermal and eye irritation).
Glycolate is a nephrotoxin if consumed orally.

A nephrotoxin is a compound that causes damage to the kidney and kidney tissues.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid's renal toxicity is due to its metabolism to oxalic acid.

2-hydroxyethanoic and oxalic acid, along with excess lactic acid, are responsible for the anion gap metabolic acidosis.
Oxalic acid readily precipitates with calcium to form insoluble calcium oxalate crystals.

Once applied, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.
This allows the outer skin to dissolve, revealing the underlying skin.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is thought that this is due to the reduction of calcium ion concentrations in the epidermis and the removal of calcium ions from cell adhesions, leading to desquamation.
Renal tissue injury is caused by widespread deposition of oxalate crystals and the toxic effects of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid does exhibit some inhalation toxicity and can cause respiratory, thymus, and liver damage if present in very high levels over long periods of time.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent in food processing as a flavoring agent and as a preservative, and in the pharmaceutical industry as a skin care agent.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is also used in adhesives and plastics.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is often included in emulsion polymers, solvents and additives for ink and paint in order to improve flow properties and impart gloss.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in surface treatment products that increase the coefficient of friction on tile flooring.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a known inhibitor of tyrosinase.

This can suppress melanin formation and lead to a lightening of skin colour.
This process can help with various skin concerns, including acne, fine lines and wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and uneven skin tone.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is the active ingredient in the household cleaning liquid.

Physician-strength peels can have a pH as low as 0.6 (strong enough to completely keratolyze the epidermis), while acidities for home peels can be as low as 2.5.
The process converts glycolate into glycerate without using the conventional BASS6 and PLGG1 route.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid works by speeding up cell turnover 2-hydroxyethanoic acid helps dissolve the bonds that hold skin cells together, allowing dead skin cells to slough off more rapidly than they would on their own.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid also stimulates your skin to create more collagen.

Collagen is the protein that gives skin its firmness, plumpness, and elasticity.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is an incredibly popular treatment because of the many benefits 2-hydroxyethanoic acid has for the skin.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid has effective skin-renewing properties, so 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is often used in anti-aging products.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can help smooth fine wrinkles and improve the skin's tone and texture.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a water-soluble alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) that is derived from sugar cane.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is one of the most well-known and widely used alphahydroxy acids in the skincare industry.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid plumps the skin and helps boost hydration levels.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid provides far greater solubility than silicafluorides or hydrofluosilicic acid.

Electrochemical Energy Systems permits higher concentrations of acid in solution than citric acid for greater neutralizing efficiency while avoiding salting or rust discoloration problems.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid reaches a final pH of 5-6 more quickly than silicafluorides, especially at lower wash temperatures.

High solubility means a lower possibility of damaged fabric—even if it’s ironed while wet.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid fulfills many roles across a wide range of industries, thanks to 2-hydroxyethanoic acid low odor and toxicity, biodegradability, phosphate-free composition, and ability to chelate metal salts.

A glycolate or glycollate is a salt or ester of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid.
(C6H5C(=O)OCH2COOH), which they called "benzo2-hydroxyethanoic acid" (Benzoglykolsäure; also benzoyl 2-hydroxyethanoic acid).
They boiled the ester for days with dilute sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining benzoic acid and 2-hydroxyethanoic acid.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid liquid doesn’t cake in storage and measures easily out of automatic dispensing equipment.
Once applied, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid reacts with the upper layer of the epidermis, weakening the binding properties of the lipids that hold the dead skin cells together.

This allows the stratum corneum to be exfoliated, exposing live skin cells.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.

Other alpha-hydroxy acids include lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid has the smallest sized molecules of all the alpha-hydroxy acids Because of these super tiny molecules, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid can easily penetrate the skin.

This allows 2-hydroxyethanoic acid to exfoliate the skin more effectively than other AHAs.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used as a monomer in the preparation of poly2-hydroxyethanoic acid and other biocompatible copolymers (e.g. PLGA).

Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl and ethyl esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid.
The butyl ester (b.p. 178–186 °C) is a component of some varnishes, being desirable because 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is nonvolatile and has good dissolving properties.

Many plants make 2-hydroxyethanoic acid during photorespiration.
2-hydroxyethanoic acids role consumes significant amounts of energy.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid penetrates the skin effectively due to its small molecular size, helping to remove dead skin cells and debris from the surface.
This can lead to a smoother, brighter complexion.
The use of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid in skincare products is associated with several benefits, including reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, improving skin texture, minimizing the appearance of pores, and fading hyperpigmentation and acne scars.

The concentration of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid in these products can vary, with higher concentrations generally being available in professional treatments.
While 2-hydroxyethanoic acid can benefit many skin types, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid may not be suitable for everyone, especially those with very sensitive or reactive skin.
In 2017 researchers announced a process that employs a novel protein to reduce energy consumption/loss and prevent plants from releasing harmful ammonia.

Sun protection helps prevent sunburn and further skin damage.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be found in a range of skincare products, including cleansers, toners, serums, and creams.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be used as part of an acne treatment regimen.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid helps to unclog pores, reduce the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), and promote the shedding of dead skin cells that can contribute to acne.
Dermatologists often use 2-hydroxyethanoic acid in chemical peels, which are cosmetic procedures designed to improve the skin's appearance.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a simple organic compound with a hydroxyl group (-OH) and a carboxylic acid group (-COOH) on adjacent carbon atoms in its chemical structure.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is known for its exfoliating properties.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is an Alpha Hydroxy Acid (AHA).
The word acid might scare, but 2-hydroxyethanoic acid usually comes in lower concentrations for at-home use.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid works as an exfoliant to turn over dead skin cells and reveal new skin cells.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid’s also one of the smallest AHAs, meaning that 2-hydroxyethanoic acid can penetrate deeply to give the best results.

Applications of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.

Organic synthesis:
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis, in a range of reactions including: oxidation-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used as a monomer in the preparation of poly2-hydroxyethanoic acid and other biocompatible copolymers.

Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl and ethyl esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid.
The butyl ester is a component of some varnishes, being desirable because 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is nonvolatile and has good dissolving properties.

Occurrence:
Plants produce 2-hydroxyethanoic acid during photorespiration.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is recycled by conversion to glycine within the peroxisomes and to tartronic acid semialdehyde within the chloroplasts.

Because photorespiration is a wasteful side reaction in regard to photosynthesis, much effort has been devoted to suppressing its formation.
One process converts glycolate into glycerate without using the conventional BASS6 and PLGG1 route; see glycerate pathway.

Uses of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
2-hydroxyethanoic acid acts by dissolving the internal cellular cement responsible for abnormal keratinization, facilitating the sloughing of dead skin cells.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is also the AHA that scientists and formulators believe has greater penetration potential largely due to its smaller molecular weight.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is mildly irritating to the skin and mucous membranes if the formulation contains a high 2-hydroxyethanoic acid concentration and/ or a low pH.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid proves beneficial for acne-prone skin as 2-hydroxyethanoic acid helps keep pores clear of excess keratinocytes.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is naturally found in sugarcane but synthetic versions are most often used in cosmetic formulations.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used as a monomer in the preparation of poly2-hydroxyethanoic acid and other biocompatible copolymers (e.g. PLGA).
2-hydroxyethanoic acid also improves skin hydration by enhancing moisture uptake as well as increasing the skin’s ability to bind water.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is also used for diminishing the signs of age spots, as well as actinic keratosis.

However, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is most popularly employed in anti-aging cosmetics because of its hydrating, moisturizing, and skin-normalizing abilities, leading to a reduction in the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
Commercially, important derivatives include the methyl and ethyl esters which are readily distillable (boiling points 147–149 °C and 158–159 °C, respectively), unlike the parent acid.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be used with hydrochloric or sulfamic acids to prevent iron precipitation in cleaning operations or water flooding.

Regardless of the G skin type, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid use is associated with softer, smoother, healthier, and younger looking skin.
This occurs in the cellular cement through an activation of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid and the skin’s own hyaluronic acid content.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid also effectively eliminates harmful deposits while minimizing corrosion damage to steel or copper systems.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid reacts more slowly and thus penetrates more deeply into formations before fully reacting.

That characteristic leads to enhanced worm holing, because 2-hydroxyethanoic acid dissolves the equivalent amount of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) as hydrochloric acid without the resulting corrosion.
One of the primary uses of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid in skincare is as an exfoliant.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid helps remove dead skin cells from the surface of the skin, resulting in a smoother and more radiant complexion.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used to treat acne by unclogging pores, reducing the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), and promoting the shedding of dead skin cells that can contribute to acne.

In addition to over-the-counter products, dermatologists and skincare professionals often use 2-hydroxyethanoic acid in more concentrated forms for in-office treatments like chemical peels and microdermabrasion.
These treatments can provide more immediate and dramatic results but require professional oversight.

Hyaluronic acid is known to retain an impressive amount of moisture and this capacity is enhanced by 2-hydroxyethanoic acid.
As a result, the skin’s own ability to raise its moisture content is increased.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is the simplest alpha hydroxyacid (AHA).

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.

In the processing of textiles, leather, and metals; in pH control, and wherever a cheap organic acid is needed, e.g. in the manufacture of adhesives, in copper brightening, decontamination cleaning, dyeing, electroplating, in pickling, cleaning and chemical milling of metals.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and several reactions, such as oxidation-reduction, esterification, and long chain polymerization.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used as a monomer in the preparation of Poly(lactic-co-2-hydroxyethanoic acid) (PLGA).
2-hydroxyethanoic acid reacts with lactic acid to form PLGA using ring-opening co-polymerization.,

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is commonly used in anti-aging products to stimulate collagen production, which can improve skin elasticity and reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can help fade dark spots, sunspots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation by promoting even skin tone.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid can improve skin texture, making it feel smoother and look more youthful.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can minimize the appearance of enlarged pores.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in chemical peels, both at home and in dermatologist's offices or skincare clinics.
Chemical peels with 2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be tailored to address various skin concerns, including wrinkles, uneven skin tone, and acne scars.

Poly2-hydroxyethanoic acid (PGA) is prepared from the monomer 2-hydroxyethanoic acid using polycondensation or ring-opening polymerization.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is widely used in skin care products as an exfoliant and keratolytic.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the textile industry as a dyeing and tanning agent.
These peels involve the application of a higher concentration of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid to the skin, followed by exfoliation and skin rejuvenation.

While 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is commonly associated with facial skincare, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid can also be used on other parts of the body to address issues like keratosis pilaris, rough skin on elbows and knees, and body acne.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid may be used to adjust the pH level of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid.

This can help optimize the effectiveness of other active ingredients.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can also act as a humectant, meaning 2-hydroxyethanoic acid can attract and retain moisture in the skin, which is beneficial for individuals with dry or dehydrated skin.

However, it's essential to use moisturizers alongside 2-hydroxyethanoic acid products to prevent excessive dryness.
In industrial and household applications, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is sometimes used to remove stains and scale deposits, such as those caused by hard water, rust, or mineral buildup.

When using 2-hydroxyethanoic acid-containing products in your skincare routine, be cautious about mixing them with other active ingredients, especially strong acids like salicylic acid or vitamin C.
Combining certain active ingredients can lead to skin irritation or reduce effectiveness, so it's advisable to consult with a skincare professional for guidance.

In medicine, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid has been used in wound care products to help promote the healing of minor cuts, abrasions, and surgical incisions.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be used to manage keratosis pilaris, a common skin condition characterized by small, rough bumps on the skin, often found on the arms and thighs.

Some over-the-counter products containing 2-hydroxyethanoic acid are used to soften and help remove calluses and corns on the feet.
In some hair care products, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid may be included to help exfoliate the scalp, remove product buildup, and improve hair texture.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid can help repair sun-damaged skin by promoting the shedding of damaged skin cells and stimulating the production of healthier, more youthful-looking skin.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is often used in products designed for sun-damaged or aging skin.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be used to prevent and treat ingrown hairs, particularly in areas prone to razor bumps and irritation, such as the beard area in men.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is sometimes combined with other skincare ingredients like salicylic acid, hyaluronic acid, and retinol to create more comprehensive skincare products that address multiple concerns, such as acne, aging, and hydration.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used in the processing of textiles, leather, and metals.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and several reactions, such as oxidation-reduction, esterification, and long chain polymerization.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid (2-hydroxyethanoic acid) reduces corenocyte cohesion and corneum layer thickening where an excess buildup of dead skin cells can be associated with many common skin problems, such as acne, dry and severely dry skin, and wrinkles.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid can also be used as a flavoring agent in food processing, and as a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can also be added into emulsion polymers, solvents and ink additives to improve flow properties and impart gloss.
Moreover, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis including oxidative-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.

Preparation of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be synthesized in various ways.
The predominant approaches use a catalyzed reaction of formaldehyde with synthesis gas (carbonylation of formaldehyde), for 2-hydroxyethanoic acid low cost.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid is also prepared by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium hydroxide followed by re-acidification.

Other methods, not noticeably in use, include hydrogenation of oxalic acid, and hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin derived from formaldehyde.
Some of today's 2-hydroxyethanoic acids are formic acid-free.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarcane, sugar beets, pineapple, cantaloupe and unripe grapes.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid can also be prepared using an enzymatic biochemical process that may require less energy.

Typical Properties of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is slightly stronger than acetic acid due to the electron-withdrawing power of the terminal hydroxyl group.
The carboxylate group can coordinate to metal ions, forming coordination complexes.

Of particular note are the complexes with Pb2+ and Cu2+ which are significantly stronger than complexes with other carboxylic acids.
This indicates that the hydroxyl group is involved in complex formation, possibly with the loss of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid proton.

History of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
The name "2-hydroxyethanoic acid" was coined in 1848 by French chemist Auguste Laurent (1807–1853).
He proposed that the amino acid glycine—which was then called glycocolle—might be the amine of a hypothetical acid, which he called "2-hydroxyethanoic acid" (acide glycolique).

2-hydroxyethanoic acid was first prepared in 1851 by German chemist Adolph Strecker (1822–1871) and Russian chemist Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov (1826–1877).
They produced 2-hydroxyethanoic acid by treating hippuric acid with nitric acid and nitrogen dioxide to form an ester of benzoic acid and 2-hydroxyethanoic acid (C6H5C(=O)OCH2COOH), which they called "benzo2-hydroxyethanoic acid" (Benzoglykolsäure; also benzoyl 2-hydroxyethanoic acid).
They boiled the ester for days with dilute sulfuric acid, thereby obtaining benzoic acid and 2-hydroxyethanoic acid (Glykolsäure).

Safety Profile of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
2-hydroxyethanoic acid can cause skin irritation, especially for individuals with sensitive skin.
This may manifest as redness, burning, itching, or stinging.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid's essential to perform a patch test before using 2-hydroxyethanoic acid products.

2-hydroxyethanoic acid can make the skin more sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun.
This increased sensitivity can lead to a higher risk of sunburn and skin damage.
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is crucial to use sunscreen and protective clothing when using 2-hydroxyethanoic acid products and avoid excessive sun exposure.

As an exfoliant, 2-hydroxyethanoic acid can cause dryness and peeling, especially when used in high concentrations or too frequently.
This can be managed by using moisturizers and reducing the frequency of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid application.

While rare, some individuals may be allergic or hypersensitive to 2-hydroxyethanoic acid, leading to more severe skin reactions.
In cases where high concentrations of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid are used without proper supervision or inappropriately, chemical burns can occur.
This is more common in professional treatments like chemical peels and should only be administered by trained professionals.

First aid measures of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:

General advice:
First aiders need to protect themselves.
Show 2-hydroxyethanoic acid safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.

If inhaled:

After inhalation:
Immediately call in physician.

If breathing stops:
Immediately apply artificial respiration, if necessary also oxygen.

In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.

In case of eye contact:

After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.

If swallowed:

After swallowing:
Make victim drink water (two glasses at most), avoid vomiting (risk of perforation).
Call a physician immediately. Do not attempt to neutralise.

Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available

Firefighting measures of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:

Suitable extinguishing media:
Water Foam Carbon dioxide (CO2) Dry powder

Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.

Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Carbon oxides
Combustible.

Vapors are heavier than air and may spread along floors.
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
Development of hazardous combustion gases or vapours possible in the event of fire.

Advice for firefighters:
Stay in danger area only with self-contained breathing apparatus.
Prevent skin contact by keeping a safe distance or by wearing suitable protective clothing.

Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.

Accidental release measures of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures:

Advice for non-emergency personnel:
Avoid inhalation of dusts.
Avoid substance contact.

Ensure adequate ventilation.
Evacuate the danger area, observe emergency procedures, consult an expert.

Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.

Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.

Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.
Avoid generation of dusts.

Handling and storage of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:

Precautions for safe handling:

Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
Do not inhale substance/mixture.

Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Apply preventive skin protection.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:

Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.

Storage class:
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Stability and reactivity:

Reactivity of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
Forms explosive mixtures with air on intense heating.
A range from approx. 15 Kelvin below the flash point is to be rated as critical.

The following applies in general to flammable organic substances and mixtures:
In correspondingly fine distribution, when whirled up a dust explosion potential may generally be assumed.

Chemical stability:
2-hydroxyethanoic acid is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).

Possibility of hazardous reactions:

Violent reactions possible with:
Oxidizing agents
Reducing agents

Conditions to avoid:
Strong heating.

Incompatible materials:
Gives off hydrogen by reaction with metals.

Identifiers of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
CAS Number: 79-14-1
ChEBI: CHEBI:17497
ChEMBL: ChEMBL252557
ChemSpider: 737
DrugBank: DB03085
ECHA InfoCard: 100.001.073
EC Number: 201-180-5
KEGG: C00160
PubChem CID: 757
RTECS number: MC5250000
UNII: 0WT12SX38S
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID0025363
InChI: InChI=1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
Key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N check
InChI=1/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
Key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYAR
SMILES: OC(=O)CO

Synonym(s): Hydroxyacetic acid
Linear Formula: HOCH2COOH
CAS Number: 79-14-1
Molecular Weight: 76.05
Beilstein: 1209322
EC Number: 201-180-5
MDL number: MFCD00004312
eCl@ss: 39021303
PubChem Substance ID: 24847624
NACRES: NA.21

Properties of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
Chemical formula: C2H4O3
Molar mass: 76.05 g/mol
Appearance: White powder or colorless crystals
Density: 1.49 g/cm3
Melting point: 75 °C (167 °F; 348 K)
Boiling point: Decomposes
Solubility in water: 70% solution
Solubility in other solvents: Alcohols, acetone, acetic acid and ethyl acetate
log P: −1.05
Acidity (pKa): 3.83

Quality Level: 200
product line: ReagentPlus®
Assay: 99%
form: solid
mp: 75-80 °C (lit.)
solubility: H2O: 50 mg/mL, clear, colorless
SMILES string: OCC(O)=O
InChI: 1S/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)
InChI key: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Melting point: 75-80 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 112 °C
Density: 1.25 g/mL at 25 °C
vapor pressure: 10.8 hPa (80 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.424
Flash point: 112°C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: H2O: 0.1 g/mL, clear
pka: 3.83(at 25℃)
form: Solution
color: White to off-white
PH: 2 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor: at 100.00 %. odorless very mild buttery
Odor Type: buttery
Viscosity: 6.149mm2/s
Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
Merck: 14,4498
BRN: 1209322
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with bases, oxidizing agents and reducing agents.
InChIKey: AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -1.07 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: 2-hydroxyethanoic acid
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105

Specifications of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
Color according to color reference solution Ph.Eur.: colorless liquid
Assay (acidimetric): 69.0 - 74.0 %
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C): 1.260 - 1.280
Heavy metals (as Pb): ≤ 3 ppm
Refractive index (n 20°/D): 1.410 - 1.415
pH-value: 0.0 - 1.0

Related compounds of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:
Glycolaldehyde
Acetic acid
Glycerol

Related α-hydroxy acids:
Lactic acid

Names of 2-hydroxyethanoic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
Hydroxyacetic acid

Other names:
Hydroacetic acid
Glycolic acid
2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE (HEA)
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) forms homopolymers and copolymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is used mainly either as a co-monomer in the manufacture of polymers or as a chemical reactant in the manufacture of chemical intermediates.
Co-reactants with 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) include aromatic and aliphatic isocyanates, anhydrides, and epoxides.

CAS: 818-61-1
MF: C5H8O3
MW: 116.12
EINECS: 212-454-9

Synonyms
2-(Acryloyloxy)ethanol;2-Hydroxyethylester kyseliny akrylove;2-hydroxyethylesterkyselinyakrylove;2-Propenoicacid,2-hydroxyethylester;beta-Hydroxyethyl acrylate;beta-hydroxyethylacrylate;Bisomer 2HEA;bisomer2hea;2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE
;818-61-1;Hydroxyethyl acrylate;2-hydroxyethyl prop-2-enoate;2-Propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester;Ethylene glycol monoacrylate;Bisomer 2HEA;Acrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester
;2-hydroxyethylacrylate;2-(Acryloyloxy)ethanol;Ethylene glycol, acrylate;Acrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester;Ethylene glycol, monoacrylate;CCRIS 3431;HSDB 1123;EINECS 212-454-9
;2-Hydroxyethylester kyseliny akrylove;UNII-25GT92NY0C;BRN 0969853;25GT92NY0C;26022-14-0
;DTXSID2022123;MFCD00002865;DTXCID202123;HEA;EC 212-454-9;HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE, 2-;26403-58-7
;MFCD00081878;CAS-818-61-1;2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate(7.56 cp(15.5 degrees c));2-Hydroxyethylester kyseliny akrylove [Czech];hydroxyethylacrylate;hydroxylethyl acrylate
;2-hydroxylethylacrylate;Ethyleen glycol acrylaat;Ethylene glycol acrylate;2-hydroxy-ethyl acrylate;beta-Hydroxyethyl acrylate;Ethandiol-1,2-monoacrylate;2-Hydroxyethyl-2-propenoate
;.beta.-Hydroxyethyl acrylate;SCHEMBL14875;MLS002174257;Acrylic acid hydroxyethyl ester
;CHEMBL1330518;2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate,97.5%;acrylic acid 2-hydroxy-ethyl ester;Tox21_201430
;Tox21_302968;2-propenoic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester;2-Propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethylester
;AKOS015856805;2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE [HSDB];2-HYDROXYETHYL ACRYLATE [INCI];CS-W013616
;NCGC00090958-01;NCGC00090958-02;NCGC00256462-01;NCGC00258981-01;LS-13051;SMR001253953
;A0743;NS00006157;2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (stabilized with MEHQ);D78194;2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate, (stabilized with MEHQ);A840207;J-521472;Q27253959;InChI=1/C5H8O3/c1-2-5(7)8-4-3-6/h2,6H,1,3-4H;2-Hydroxyethyl acrylate, 96%, contains 200-650 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor

The polymers and chemical intermediates made with 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) find applications in automotive top coatings, architectural coatings, photocure resins, and adhesives.
Globally about half of the 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) produced is used in the production of acrylic enamels for the automotive industry, where a clear topcoat is applied to a pigmented base coat to increase corrosion protection and durability.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is a functional monomer for the manufacture of thermosetting acrylic resins.
A clear colorless liquid.
Less dense than water.
Vapors heavier than air.
Corrosive to tissue.
Flash point 120°F.

May polymerize exothermically if heated or contaminated.
If the polymerization takes place inside a container, the container may rupture violently.
Used to make plastics.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is a monomer that belongs to the class of acrylates.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is used in the synthesis of polymers, such as glycol ethers and polyacrylates.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) has a high molecular weight and low reactivity, which makes it an excellent candidate for use in medical devices.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) has been shown to have anti-bacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Clostridium perfringens.
The antimicrobial activity may be due to its ability to bind with bacterial membranes, leading to cell death by lysis.

2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) can also form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, which may contribute to its antimicrobial properties.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is an organic chemical and an aliphatic compound.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) has the formula C5H8O3 and the CAS Registry Number 818–61–1.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is REACH registered with an EU number of 212–454–9.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) has dual functionality containing a polymerizable acrylic group and a terminal hydroxy group.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is used to make emulsion polymers along with other monomers and the resultant resins are used in coatings, sealants, adhesives and elastomers and other applications.
The toxicity of the material has been studied and is fairly well understood.

In the manufacture of polymers, 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) can be co-polymerized with acrylic acid, acrylates, methacrylates, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, and the like.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is an acrylate monomer.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) forms homopolymers and copolymers.
Exhibits scratch resistance, weatherability and has low VOC.
Copolymers of 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) can be prepared with acrylic acid and its salts, amides and esters, and with methacrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, unsaturated polyesters and drying oils, etc.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) readily undergoes addition reactions with a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds.

2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) Chemical Properties
Melting point: -60 °C
Boiling point: 90-92 °C12 mm Hg(lit.)
Density: 1.106 g/mL at 20 °C
Vapor density: >1 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: n20/D 1.45(lit.)
Fp: 209 °F
Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Form: Oily Liquid
pka: 13.85±0.10(Predicted)
Color: Yellow to brown
Water Solubility: soluble
Sensitive: Light Sensitive
BRN: 969853
Exposure limits ACGIH: TWA 5 mg/m3
NIOSH: TWA 5 mg/m3
InChIKey: OMIGHNLMNHATMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.17 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 818-61-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA)(818-61-1)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) (818-61-1)

2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is a clear colorless liquid.
miscible with water, soluble in general organic solvents.
The commodity generally contains 400ppm of hydroquinone methylether, a polymerization inhibitor.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is a difunctional acrylate monomer with the characteristic high reactivity.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is used in a crylics for coatings, adhesives and UV reacitve oligomers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) can be used for crosslinking with isocyantes or melamines.
The material is a clear water-white liquid with a mild but pungent ester like odor.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) has a low freezing point.

Uses
As a reactive monomer 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is used as a crosslinking agent for resins, plastics and rubber modifiers.
Further, 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is used in the synthesis of amphilic block copolymers by nitroxide mediated living radical polymerization.
In addition to this, 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is used to prepare tuned poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is an acrylic monomer for use in UV inks, adhesives, lacquers, artificial nails, etc.

The most common use for the material is to be copolymerized with other acrylate and methacrylate monomers to make emulsion and other polymers including hydrogels.
Modification of rubbers and similar compounds is also a use for the material.
The resultant polymers may be used to manufacture pressure-sensitive adhesives.
2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) is mainly used for heat-curing acrylic coating resin, light-curing acrylic coating resin, photosensitive coating resin, water-soluble electroplating coating resin, adhesive, textile treatment agent, ester processing and polymer modifier, polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent In other aspects, 2-Hydroxyethyl Acrylate (HEA) has the characteristics of less dosage, but can significantly improve the performance of the product.

Synthesis
There are a number of patents and synthesis papers to produce the material mostly aimed at reducing or removing heavy metals as catalysts.
The traditional manufacturing process calls for the reaction of ethylene oxide with acrylic acid in the presence of a metal catalyst.
2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (2-HEMA)
DESCRIPTION:

2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) (also known as glycol methacrylate) is the organic compound with the chemical formula H2C\dC(CH3)CO2CH2CH2OH.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is a colorless viscous liquid that readily polymerizes.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is a monomer that is used to make various polymers.

CAS Number: 868-77-9
EC Number 212-782-2
Molecular Weight: 130.14
Linear Formula: CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2OH


SYNONYM(S) OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (2-HEMA):
1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate), Glycol methacrylate, HEMA,HEMA; hydroxyethylmethacrylate; glycol methacrylate; glycol monomethacrylate; hydroxyethyl methacrylate; ethylene glycol methacrylate; 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanol,2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate,glycol methacrylate,HEMA,Historesin,hydroxyethyl methacrylate,2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE,868-77-9,Glycol methacrylate,Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,HEMA,Glycol monomethacrylate,Ethylene glycol methacrylate,2-Hydroxyethylmethacrylate,2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethanol,2-hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate,Mhoromer,Methacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester,Monomer MG-1,Ethylene glycol monomethacrylate,2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA),beta-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,NSC 24180,2-Hydroxyethyl methylacrylate,2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl ester,PHEMA,CCRIS 6879,CHEBI:34288,Ethylene glycol, monomethacrylate,HSDB 5442,12676-48-1,EINECS 212-782-2,UNII-6E1I4IV47V,BRN 1071583,Monomethacrylic ether of ethylene glycol,6E1I4IV47V,DTXSID7022128,PEG-MA,1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methyl)-2-propenoate,NSC-24180,2-hydroxyethylmethylacrylate,ethyleneglycol monomethacrylate,DTXCID202128,.beta.-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (hema),EC 212-782-2,4-02-00-01530 (Beilstein Handbook Reference),NSC24180,2-2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA),MFCD00002863,MFCD00081879,2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (stabilized with MEHQ),Bisomer HEMA,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,ophthalmic grade,hydroxyethylmethacrylate,1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate),hydroxyehtyl methacrylate,hydroxylethyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyetyl methacrylate,2-HEMA,Epitope ID:117123,2-hydroxylethyl methacrylate,2-hydroxyethyl(methacrylate),SCHEMBL14886,WLN: Q2OVY1&U1,2-methacryloyloxyethyl alcohol,BIDD:ER0648,CHEMBL1730239,CHEBI:53709,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 98%,2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylacrylate #,Tox21_200415,AKOS015899920,Methacrylic,Acid 2-Hydroxyethyl Ester,CS-W013439,DS-9647,HY-W012723,NCGC00166101-01,NCGC00166101-02,NCGC00257969-01,CAS-868-77-9,PD167321,SY279104,2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE [HSDB],2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate,low acid grade,1,2-Ethanediol, mono(2-methyl)-2-propenyl,2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE [WHO-DD],M0085,NS00008941,EN300-98188,D70640,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(hema),technical grade,2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester,Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(5.9cp(30 degrees c)),2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-,2-hydroxiethyl ester,A904584,Hydroxyethyl methacrylate(>200cp(25 degrees c)),Q424799,2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, (stabilized with MEHQ),J-509674,2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, Stabilized with 250 ppm MEHQ,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, embedding medium (for microscopy),InChI=1/C6H10O3/c1-5(2)6(8)9-4-3-7/h7H,1,3-4H2,2H,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, >=99%, contains <=50 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor,2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, contains <=250 ppm monomethyl ether hydroquinone as inhibitor, 97%


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA), Normal Grade, in the form of a colorless, clear liquid, is an industrial solvent that can be used in automotive coatings and primers.
Because of its vinyl double bond, this product can copolymerize with other monomers to produce copolymers with hydroxy groups.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is an enoate ester that is the monomethacryloyl derivative of ethylene glycol.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) has a role as a polymerisation monomer and an allergen.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is functionally related to an ethylene glycol and a methacrylic acid.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is a hydroxyester compound and a resin monomer used in desensitizing dentin.
By applying 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate locally to sensitive teeth, sensitive areas in the teeth get sealed and block the dentinal tubules at the dentin surface from stimuli that cause pain.
This prevents excitation of the tooth nerve and relieves pain caused by tooth hypersensitivity.




2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is an ester of Methacrylic acid and is used as a raw material component in the synthesis of polymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) forms a homopolymer and copolymers.
Copolymers of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, as well as (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, and other monomers.

2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA), easily entering into the reaction of accession with a wide range of organic and inorganic substances, is used for the synthesis of organic low molecular weight substances.



Clear colorless, easily flowable liquid monomer with a pungent, sweet odor.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) comprises of a polymerizable methacrylate functional group in one end and a reactive hydroxyl group at the other end.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) easily dissolves in water and has relatively low volatility.

2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-link sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance as well as contribute to low odor, color, and volatility.





SYNTHESIS OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (2-HEMA):
Hydroxyethylmethacrylate was first synthesized around 1925.
Common methods of synthesis are:[5]
reaction of methacrylic acid with ethylene oxide;
esterification of methacrylic acid with a large excess of ethylene glycol.

Both these methods give also some amount of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
During polymerization of hydroxyethylmethacrylate, it works as crosslinking agent.[5]


PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (2-HEMA):
Hydroxyethylmethacrylate is completely miscible with water and ethanol, but its polymer is practically insoluble in common solvents.
Its viscosity is 0.0701 Pa⋅s at 20°C[6] and 0.005 Pa⋅s at 30°C.[3]
During polymerization, it shrinks by approximately 6%.[6]


APPLICATIONS OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (2-HEMA):
Contact lenses[edit]
In 1960, O. Wichterle and D. Lím[7] described its use in synthesis of hydrophilic crosslinked networks, and these results had great importance for manufacture of soft contact lenses.

Polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate is hydrophilic: it is capable of absorbing from 10 to 600% water relative to the dry weight.
Because of this property, it was one of the first materials to be used in the manufacture of soft contact lenses.

Use in 3D printing
Hydroxyethylmethacrylate lends itself well to applications in 3D printing as it cures quickly at room temperature when exposed to UV light in the presence of photoinitiators.
It may be used as a monomeric matrix in which 40nm silica particles are suspended for 3D glass printing.[9]
When combined with a suitable blowing agent such as BOC anhydride it forms a foaming resin which expands when heated.[10]

Other
In electron microscopy, later in light microscopy, hydroxyethylmethacrylate serves as an embedding medium.
When treated with polyisocyanates, polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate makes a crosslinked polymer, an acrylic resin, that is a useful component in some paints.


FEATURES & BENEFITS OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (2-HEMA)
Chemical resistance
Hydraulic stability
Flexibility
Impact resistance
Adhesion
Weatherability


APPLICATIONS AREAS:
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is used in the preparation of solid polymers, acrylic dispersions, and polymer solutions, which are used in various industries.

2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is applied in the production of:
Coating Resins
Automotive coatings
Architectural coatings
Paper coatings
Industrial coatings
Plastics
Hygiene products
Adhesives & Sealants
Textile finishes
Printing inks
Contact lens
Modifiers
Photosensitive materials
Additives for oil production and transportation








CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (2-HEMA):
Chemical formula C6H10O3
Molar mass 130.143 g•mol−1
Appearance Colourless liquid
Density 1.07 g/cm3
Melting point −99 °C (−146 °F; 174 K)[2]
Boiling point 213 °C (415 °F; 486 K)[2]
Solubility in water miscible
log P 0.50[1]
Vapor pressure 0.08 hPa
Molecular Weight
130.14 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
XLogP3
0.5
Computed by XLogP3 3.0 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
1
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
3
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Rotatable Bond Count
4
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Exact Mass
130.062994177 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Monoisotopic Mass
130.062994177 g/mol
Computed by PubChem 2.2 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Topological Polar Surface Area
46.5Ų
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Heavy Atom Count
9
Computed by PubChem
Formal Charge
0
Computed by PubChem
Complexity
118
Computed by Cactvs 3.4.8.18 (PubChem release 2021.10.14)
Isotope Atom Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Computed by PubChem
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
1
Computed by PubChem
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
CAS number 868-77-9
EC index number 607-124-00-X
EC number 212-782-2
Hill Formula C₆H₁₀O₃
Chemical formula CH₂=C(CH₃)COOCH₂CH₂OH
Molar Mass 130.14 g/mol
HS Code 2916 14 00
Assay (GC, area%) ≥ 97.0 % (a/a)
Density (d 20 °C/ 4 °C) 1.069 - 1.072
Identity (IR) passes test
Molecular Weight 130
Appearance Colorless transparent liquid
Odor Aromatic odor
Refractive Index (25℃) 1.451
Boiling Point (℃ 760mmHg) 205
Freezing Point (℃ 760mmHg) -12
Flash Point (℃) 107 (Cleveland open-cup flash test)
Viscosity (CP 25℃) 6.1
Solubility Readily soluble in water
Stability&
Reactivity Polymerize under sunlight and heat
Chemical Properties:
Purity
min. 98.0 %
Acid Value
max. 1.0 %
Water content
max. 0.3 %
Color APHA
max. 30
Physical Properties:
Appearance
colorless
Physical form
Liquid
Odor
Aromatic
Molecular weight
130.14 g/mol
Polymer Tg
Tg 25 °C
Tg
- 6 °C
Density
1.073 g/mL at 25°C
Boiling Point
211 °C
Freezing Point
- 12 °C
Flash point
96 °C
Melting Point
- 60 °C
Viscosity
6.8 (mPa.s) at 20 °C
Vapor Point
0.065 hPa
pH
4 (500 g/l in water)
Alternative names:
1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate); Glycol methacrylate; HEMA
Application:
2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate is wide applications for drug delivery
CAS number :
868-77-9
Purity :
97%
Molecular weight :
130.14
Molecular Formula :
C 6 H 10 O 3


SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (2-HEMA):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product.



2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA)
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) (also known as glycol methacrylate) is the organic compound with the chemical formula H2C\dC(CH3)CO2CH2CH2OH.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a colorless viscous liquid that readily polymerizes.



CAS Number: 868-77-9
EC Number: 212-782-2
MDL number: MFCD00002863
Linear Formula: CH2=C(CH3)COOCH2CH2OH
Chemical formula: C6H10O3



SYNONYMS:
1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate), Glycol methacrylate, HEMA, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate, 2-propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, 1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methyl)-2-propenoate, 1,2-Ethanediol mono(2-methylpropenoate), 1,2-Ethanediol, mono(2-methyl)-2-propenyl, 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethanol, 2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester, Bisomer HEMA, Ethylene glycol methacrylate, ethylene glycol monomethacrylate, Glycol methacrylate, Glycol monomethacrylate, GMA, HEMA, Methacrylic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester, HEMA, hydroxyethylmethacrylate, glycol methacrylate, glycol monomethacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, ethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethanol, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, Methacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, β-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Ethylene glycol methacrylate, Ethylene glycol monomethacrylate, Glycol methacrylate, Glycol monomethacrylate, Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Monomer MG-1, 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethanol, Mhoromer, 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, Bisomer HEMA, GMA, HEMA, 1,2-Ethanediol, mono(2-methyl)-2-propenyl, NSC 24180, 1,2-Ethanediol, mono(2-methyl)-2-propenoate-, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycol methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, glycol monomethacrylate, hema, ethylene glycol methacrylate, 2-methacryloyloxy ethanol, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, mhoromer, monomer mg-1, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-methyl-2-propenoic acid 2-hydroxyethyl ester, beta-hydroxyethylmethacrylate, ethylene glycol methacrylate, ethylene glycol monomethacrylate, glycol methacrylate, HEMA, metacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, methylpropenoic acid, hydroxyethyl ester, 2-Hydroxyethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate, 2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethanol, 2-HEMA, 2-Hydroxyethyl ester, methacrylic acid, 2-Hydroxyethyl-2-methyl-2-propenoate, 2-Methyl-2-propenoic acid-2-hydroxyethyl ester, 2-Methyl-acrylic acid 2-hydroxy-ethyl ester, 2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, CHINT: Methacrylic (EG)E, Ethylene glycol methacrylate, Ethylene glycol monomethacrylate, Glycol methacrylate, Glycol monomethacrylate, HEMA, Hydroxyethyl methacrylate, Methacrylate de 2-hydroxyethyle (French), Methacrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl, Methacrylic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl ester, Methacrylic acid-(2-hydroxy-ethyl ester), Methylpropenoic acid, hydroxyethyl ester, Phase I REACH Kandidat, ROCRyL(TM) 400 (HEMA-LA), beta-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate



2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is perhaps the most widely studied and used neutral hydrophilic monomer.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is soluble, its homopolymer is water-insoluble but plasticized and swollen in water.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a clear, colourless liquid with a sweet odour which is soluble in water.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an ester of methacrylic acid used to make the polymer polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate, which was one of the first materials to be used successfully in flexible contact lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) copolymerizes readily with a wide range of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups provide improved adhesion to surfaces, hydrophilicity, resistance to corrosion, fogging, and abrasion, incorporate cross-link sites, and reduce odour, colour, and volatility.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) (also known as glycol methacrylate) is the organic compound with the chemical formula H2C\dC(CH3)CO2CH2CH2OH.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a colorless viscous liquid that readily polymerizes.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a monomer that is used to make various polymers.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a neutral hydrophilic monomer useful in UV curing polymer systems & durable high gloss coatings.
Other industrial applications of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) include nails, dental, hydrogels (such as contact lens), UV inks & adhesives.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) provides scratch, solvent & weather resistance, control of hydrophobicity &/or can introduce reactive sites.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is perhaps the most widely studied and used neutral hydrophilic monomer.
This bifunctional monomer, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), which contains both acrylate and hydroxyl functionality, is produced from the esterification of methacrylic acid by ethylene glycol or from ethylene oxide via a ring-opening process.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an ester of methacrylic acid, soluble in water and has relatively low volatility.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) copolymerizes easily with a variety of monomers, incorporates cross-link sites, imparts corrosion, fogging and abrasion resistance, and the hydroxyl group improves adhesion.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is also a key raw material for acrylic polyols.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)'s copolymers can be prepared with (meth)acrylic acid and its salts, amides, and esters, as well as with (meth)acrylates, acrylonitrile, maleic acid esters, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, styrene, butadiene, and other monomers.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the monomer that is used to make the polymer polyhydroxyethylmethacrylate.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is hydrophobic; however, when the polymer is subjected to water it will swell due to the molecule’s hydrophilic pendant group.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an ester of methacrylic acid.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) easily dissolves in water, relatively low volatility, non-toxic and non-yellowing.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-linking sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, as well as contribute to low odour, colour, and volatility.
The 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is water soluble, while its homopolymer is water-insoluble but plasticized and swollen in water.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers which in turn are used in a range of commercial applications such as adhesives, paint resins, performance products, reactive systems, printing inks, coatings for automotive, appliance, and metal applications and as an intermediate for chemical syntheses.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the basis for many hydrogel products such as soft contact lenses, as well as polymer binders for controlled drug release, absorbents for body fluids and lubricious coatings.
As a co-monomer with other ester monomers, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be used to control hydrophobicity or introduce reactive sites.


Main Applications of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA): Coating compounds, photosensitive resins, contact lens.
Application of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA): Adhesives, Adhesives-PSA, Automotive coatings, Coatings for Plastics, Emulsion Polymers, Metal Coatings, Radiation Cure, and Resins.


2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is a monomer used in the synthesis of various polymers, and the polymer PHEMA of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate is widely used in the synthesis of dental composite materials.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a well-known biocompatible product of high interest for medical applications in dentistry, bone cements, and biomaterials.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is an ester of Methacrylic Acid and is used as a raw material in the synthesis of polymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can form homopolymers and copolymers.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (2-HEMA) is used in the preparation of solid polymers, acrylic dispersions, and polymer solutions used in various industries.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is often used to increase the hydrophobicity or surface adhesion of polymers and polymer-based materials such as specialty coatings, resins, adhesives, printing inks, and acrylic plastics.
As a co-monomer with other acrylic ester monomers, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be used to control hydrophobicity or introduce reactive sites.


In biomedical applications, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is the basis for many hydrogel products such as soft contact lenses, polymer binders for controlled drug release, absorbents for body fluids, and for lubricious coatings.


The 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in certain contact lenses where it has the additional advantage of being rigid and easy to shape with grinding tools when it is dry and then becomes flexible
when it absorbs water.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers for adhesives, printing inks, coatings and metal applications.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is also widely used as reactive diluent and alternative to styrene in unsatured polyester (UPR).
Depending on the physical and chemical structure of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), it is capable of absorbing from 10 to 600% water relative to the dry weight.


Because of this property, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was one of the first materials to be successfully used in the manufacture of flexible contact lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is mainly used for hot curing acrylic coating, UV-curable acrylic materials, photosensitive coating, water soluble plating coating, adhesive, textile treatment agent, ester polymer, modifier polymer, and stem acid water reducing agent, etc.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the manufacture of paint, car paint and primer with resin, polymer resin can be applied to the light, playing board, printing ink, gel (contact lenses) and tinned material coating, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and optical microscope (LM) embedding reagent, samples used for "sensitive antigen sites" of hydration.


2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is mainly used for resin and coating modification.
Plastic industry, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is used in the manufacture of containing active hydroxyl acrylic resin.


-Optical lenses uses of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA):
The main application of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) hydrogels is the preparation of contact and intraocular lenses used after cataract extraction.
Also, the vision decrement associated with deposit accumulation on 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) contact lenses was assessed.


-Dentistry uses of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA):
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was found to be highly biocompatible and resorbable for primary teeth endodontic filling.
However, due to its hydrophilicity, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) appeared more useful in dentistry as a bonding reagent between dentine and other types of restorative resions.


-Contact lenses uses of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA):
In 1960, O. Wichterle and D. Lím described its use in synthesis of hydrophilic crosslinked networks, and these results had great importance for manufacture of soft contact lenses.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is hydrophilic: it is capable of absorbing from 10 to 600% water relative to the dry weight.
Because of this property, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was one of the first materials to be used in the manufacture of soft contact lenses.


-Use of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) in 3D printing:
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) lends itself well to applications in 3D printing as it cures quickly at room temperature when exposed to UV light in the presence of photoinitiators.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) may be used as a monomeric matrix in which 40nm silica particles are suspended for 3D glass printing.
When combined with a suitable blowing agent such as BOC anhydride 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) forms a foaming resin which expands when heated.


-Other use of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA):
In electron microscopy, later in light microscopy, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) serves as an embedding medium.
When treated with polyisocyanates, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) makes a crosslinked polymer, an acrylic resin, that is a useful component in some paints.



IT IS APPLIED IN THE PRODUCTION OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is applied in the productıon of Coating resins, automotive coatings, architectural coatings,
paper coatings, industrial coatings, Plastics, hygiene products, adhesives and sealants, textile processes, printing inks, contact lenses, modifiers, photosensitive materials, and additives for petroleum production and transportation.



SYNTHESIS OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) was first synthesized around 1925.
Common methods of synthesis are:

*reaction of methacrylic acid with ethylene oxide;
*esterification of methacrylic acid with a large excess of ethylene glycol.

Both these methods give also some amount of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate.
During polymerization of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), it works as crosslinking agent.



PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is completely miscible with water and ethanol, but its polymer is practically insoluble in common solvents.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)'s viscosity is 0.0701 Pa⋅s at 20°C and 0.005 Pa⋅s at 30°C.
During polymerization, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) shrinks by approximately 6%.



FUNCTION OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
*Abrasion Resistance
*Adhesion
*Cross-linker
*Low Color
*Low Odor
*Low Volatility
*Scratch Resistance



PROPERTIES OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
*Chemical resistance
*hydraulic stability
*flexibility
*impact resistance
*adhesion
*weather resistance



PREPARATION OF 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is a commercially important and widely used monomer.
2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is commonly prepared in a one-step reaction from methyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid.

Specifically, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be synthesized by the following two methods:
i. the first method involved the transesterification of ethylene glycol1;
ii. the second is the reaction between ethylene oxide and methacrylic acid2.

Several procedures were developed in order to remove the impurities in the production of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA), such as soaking, extraction and ion-exchange.
As the major methacrylic derivative, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) can be polymerized by radical initiators or by various methods (γ-ray, UV, plasma, et. al).

2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)'s primary –OH group allows the substitution reactions with the monomer or the corresponding polymer.
By adopting various techniques, the grafting of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA)and copolymers prepared with HEMA as a comonomer has been performed with natural polymers such as cellulose, dextran, and starch.

In addition, synthetic polymers, polyethylene, polyurethanes, poly vinylic alcohol, blends of acrylic networks and polyvinylic alcohol, and polyesters also give grafting reactions whose aim is to improve the mechanical and physical properties of the initial products.

2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is inert, water-stable, and nondegradable with high transparency.
Because of its hydroxyethyl pendant groups, 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is widely prepared in the form of hydrogel to manufacture soft contact lenses.

Hydrogels generally absorb a large amount of water, and this swelling is responsible for the rubbery and soft properties of hydrogel.
Hydrogels have found applications in environmental, biomedical, food, etc., fields.

The physical properties of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) (e.g., swelling, stiffness, and rheology) can be tuned by varying cross-linking density, incorporating different chemistries through copolymerization, and introducing mesoscopic pores.

Specifically, a reduction in cross-linking density results in a softer, more malleable hydrogel that may be better suited for soft tissue regeneration.
Moreover, copolymerization with acetic acid, methylmethacrylate, or dextran can adjust the permanence, hydrophilicity, and cellular adhesion in vivo.
Finally, the introduction of mesoscopic porogens can facilitate vascular ingrowth, improve cellular attachment, and overcome limited permeability.

Although 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) is considered nondegradable (which makes it ideally suited for long-term applications in vivo), degradable pHEMA copolymers have been fabricated by the integration of enzymatically susceptible monomers (e.g., dextran) or cross-linking agents.
These degradable materials show promise for controlled release of pharmaceuticals and proteins.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
CAS Number: 868-77-9
Molecular Weight: 130.14
Beilstein: 1071583
MDL number: MFCD00002863
Physical state: Clear liquid
Color: Colorless
Odor: Ester-like
Melting point/freezing point: Melting point/range: -12 °C (lit.)
Initial boiling point and boiling range: 67 °C at 4.7 hPa (lit.)
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: 106 °C - closed cup

Autoignition temperature: 375 °C at 1.024 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity:
Kinematic viscosity: 6.36 mm2/s at 20 °C, 3.42 mm2/s at 40 °C
Dynamic viscosity: 9 mPa.s at 20 °C
Water solubility: 100 g/l at 20 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water log Pow: 0.42 at 25 °C
Vapor pressure: 0.08 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1.073 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available

Oxidizing properties: None
Other safety information: No data available
Chemical formula: C6H10O3
Molar mass: 130.143 g·mol−1
Appearance: Colorless liquid
Density: 1.07 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting point: -12 °C
Boiling point: 250 °C (1013 hPa)
Solubility in water: Miscible
log P: 0.50
Vapor pressure: 0.08 hPa (20 °C)
CAS number: 868-77-9
EC index number: 607-124-00-X
EC number: 212-782-2
Hill Formula: C₆H₁₀O₃

HS Code: 2916 14 00
Flash point: 107 °C (Cleveland open-cup flash test)
Refractive Index (25℃): 1.451
Appearance: Colorless transparent liquid
Odor: Aromatic odor
Boiling Point (℃ 760mmHg): 205
Freezing Point (℃ 760mmHg): -12
Ignition Temperature (℃): No data
Flammability Limits/ Ranges (vol%): No data
Viscosity (CP 25℃): 6.1
Solubility: Readily soluble in water
Stability & Reactivity: Polymerize under sunlight and heat
Substance name: 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate
EC no: 212-782-2
CAS no: 868-77-9
Formula: C6H10O3



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with
water/ shower. Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up with liquid-absorbent material.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water
system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Full contact
Material: Chloroprene
Minimum layer thickness: 0,65 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:KCL 720 Camapren®
Splash contact:
Material: Latex gloves
Minimum layer thickness: 0,6 mm
Break through time: 10 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter A-(P2)
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-HYDROXYETHYL METHACRYLATE (HEMA):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available


2-HYDROXYETHYL PHENYL ETHER (PHENOXYETHANOL)
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is the organic compound with the formula C6H5OC2H4OH.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless oily liquid.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) can be classified as a glycol ether and a phenol ether.

CAS: 122-99-6
MF: C8H10O2
MW: 138.16
EINECS: 204-589-7

2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a common preservative in vaccine formulations.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is an organic chemical compound, a glycol ether often used in dermatological products such as skin creams and sunscreen.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless oily liquid.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a bactericide (usually used in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds).
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is used in many applications such as cosmetics, vaccines and pharmaceuticals as a preservative.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is an aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) has a role as an antiinfective agent and a central nervous system depressant.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a primary alcohol, a glycol ether and an aromatic ether.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is functionally related to a phenol.

2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is an aromatic ether that is phenol substituted on oxygen by a 2-hydroxyethyl group.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) has a role as an antiinfective agent and a central nervous system depressant.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a primary alcohol, a glycol ether and an aromatic ether.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is functionally related to a phenol.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a glycol ether used as a perfume fixative, insect repellent, antiseptic, solvent, preservative, and also as an anesthetic in fish aquaculture.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is an ether alcohol with aromatic properties.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is both naturally found and manufactured synthetically.
Demonstrating antimicrobial ability, phenoxyethanol acts as an effective preservative in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants.

2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of polyols.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless liquid with a strong odor and has a molecular weight of 198.22 g/mol.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is used in the production of polyester, polyurethane, and cellulose acetate butyrate.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) also has an anti-oxidant effect that can be utilized in industrial processes such as oxidation polymerization, dyeing, and curing agents.
The synthesis methods for resorcinol bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ether include acetaldehyde condensation with glycerol or ethylene oxide followed by hydrolysis.

2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) Chemical Properties
Melting point: 11-13 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 247 °C (lit.)
Density: 1.102 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Vapor density: 4.8 (vs air)
Vapor pressure: 0.01 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Refractive index: n20/D 1.539
FEMA: 4620 | 2-PHENOXYETHANOL
Fp: >230 °F
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: soluble, clear, colorless to very faintly yellow
pka: 14.36±0.10(Predicted)
Form: Liquid
Color: Clear colorless
Specific Gravity: 1.109 (20/4℃)
Odor: Faint aromatic odor
PH Range: 7 at 10 g/l at 23 °C
PH: 7 (10g/l, H2O, 23℃)
Explosive limit: 1.4-9.0%(V)
Odor Type: floral
Water Solubility: 30 g/L (20 ºC)
Merck: 14,7257
BRN: 1364011
InChIKey: QCDWFXQBSFUVSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 1.2 at 23℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 122-99-6(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) (122-99-6)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) (122-99-6)

2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a colorless, slightly viscous liquid with a faint pleasant odor and burning taste.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a tried-and-tested preservative, which is welltolerated by the skin and has a low allergy risk.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) can be used over a wide pH range.
This means that other preservatives can lose their effectiveness if the product is not within the right pH range.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) does not smell unpleasant or change the color of the product, which can be the case when using natural antimicrobial substances.

Use
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) has germicidal and germistatic properties.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is often used together with quaternary ammonium compounds.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a perfume fixative; an insect repellent; an antiseptic; a solvent for cellulose acetate, dyes, inks, and resins; a preservative for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and lubricants; an anesthetic in fish aquaculture; and in organic synthesis.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is an alternative to formaldehyde-releasing preservatives.
In Japan and the European Union, its concentration in cosmetics is restricted to 1%.

2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a broad-range preservative with fungicidal, bactericidal, insecticidal, and germicidal properties.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) has a relatively low sensitizing factor in leave-on cosmetics.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) can be used in concentrations of 0.5 to 2.0 percent, and in combination with other preservatives such as sorbic acid or parabens.
In addition, 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a solvent for aftershaves, face and hair lotions, shampoos, and skin creams of all types.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) can be obtained from phenol.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) at a 1.0% level acts as a preservative in personal care products.

2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a preservative used in consumer and health care products, including vaccines, pen inks, ear drops, shampoos, skin cleansers, moisturizers, sun care products, and topical medicaments.
The preservative 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) also contains 2-phenoxyethanol, in combination with methyldibromoglutaronitrile.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is commonly used in cosmetics for its antibacterial and antifungal properties.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is increasingly being used in vaccines as a substitute for thiomersal and is also a component of pen inks and, more rarely, ear drops.
Reactions to 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) have rarely been reported.

Three cases of CoU induced by phenoxyethanol in cosmetics have been reported.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a single agent and in combination with other preservatives such as 1,2-dibromo-2,4-dicyanobutane (Euxyl K 400) and parabens, or in conjunction with quaternary ammonium compounds.
The possibility of immunological IgE-mediated reaction could not be confirmed because specific IgE against 2-phenoxyethanol was negative.
Antimicrobial preservative; also used topically in treatment of bacterial infections.

Pharmaceutical Applications
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is an antimicrobial preservative used in cosmetics and topical pharmaceutical formulations at a concentration of 0.5–1.0%; it may also be used as a preservative and antimicrobial agent for vaccines.
Therapeutically, a 2.2% solution or 2.0% cream has been used as a disinfectant for superficial wounds, burns, and minor infections of the skin and mucous membranes.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) has a narrow spectrum of activity and is thus frequently used in combination with other preservatives.

Industrial Uses
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is used as a preservative in cosmetic formulations at a maximum concentration of 1.0%.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is a broad spectrum preservative which has excellent activity against a wide range of Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria, yeast and mould.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is also used as a solvent and, because of its properties as a solvent, it is used in many blends and mixtures with other preservatives.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is not registered as a food additive in the EU.
Scognamiglio et al. reported that 2-phenoxyethanol is a fragrance ingredient used in many fragrance mixtures (see discussion).
An ester of 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol), 2-Phenoxyethyl isobutyrate and 2-Phenoxyacetic acid, the main metabolite of 2-Phenoxyethanol, were mentioned in a WHO publication where 43 flavouring agents in food were evaluated (WHO 2003, AR4), however at intakes assessed to be very low in Europe (around 1 µg/kg bw/day).

Production
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is produced by the hydroxyethylation of phenol (Williamson synthesis), for example, in the presence of alkali-metal hydroxides or alkali-metal borohydrides.
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) has a long history of use, with its discovery credited to the German chemist Otto Schott in the early 20th century.
Since then, 2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) has been extensively studied and applied in various industries.

Contact Allergens
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether (Phenoxyethanol) is an aromatic ether-alcohol used mainly as a preservative, mostly with methyldibromoglutaronitrile (in Euxyl K 400) or with parabens.
Sensitization to this molecule is very rare.

Synonyms
2-PHENOXYETHANOL
Phenoxyethanol
122-99-6
Ethylene glycol monophenyl ether
Phenyl cellosolve
Phenoxethol
Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-
Phenoxytol
Ethylene glycol phenyl ether
Phenoxetol
2-Phenoxyethan-1-Ol
Phenoxyethyl alcohol
1-Hydroxy-2-phenoxyethane
Rose ether
Phenylmonoglycol ether
Arosol
Dowanol EP
2-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
Glycol monophenyl ether
2-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
Phenylglycol
Fenyl-cellosolve
2-Fenoxyethanol
Dowanol EPH
2-Phenoxy-ethanol
Emery 6705
Emeressence 1160
Fenylcelosolv
beta-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
EGMPE
NSC 1864
Fenylcelosolv [Czech]
MFCD00002857
PHE-G
.beta.-Hydroxyethyl phenyl ether
2-Fenoxyethanol [Czech]
Fenyl-cellosolve [Czech]
Marlophen P
Plastiazan-41 [Russian]
NSC-1864
Plastiazan-41
Marlophen P 7
Spermicide 741
Tritonyl 45
Ethylan HB 4
Phenoxyethanol [NF]
.beta.-Phenoxyethanol
HSDB 5595
EINECS 204-589-7
9004-78-8
UNII-HIE492ZZ3T
.beta.-Phenoxyethyl alcohol
BRN 1364011
2-Phenoxyethyl--d4 Alcohol
HIE492ZZ3T
AI3-00752()C
CCRIS 9481
Ethylene glycol-monophenyl ether
DTXSID9021976
FEMA NO. 4620
CHEBI:64275
NSC1864
FR 214
Phenoxyethanol (NF)
NCGC00090731-01
NCGC00090731-05
(2-Hydroxyethoxy)benzene
EC 204-589-7
4-06-00-00571 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
DTXCID401976
Erisept
beta-Phenoxyethanol
CAS-122-99-6
PHE-S
phenylcellosolve
Dalpad A
Phnoxy-2 thanol
Phenoxy -Ethanol
2-phenyloxyethanol
Newpol EFP
2- phenoxyethanol
2-phenoxy ethanol
?-Hydroxyphenetole
2 - phenoxyethanol
2-(phenoxy)ethanol
beta-Hydroxyphenetole
Etanol, 2-fenoxi-
2-phenoxy-1-ethanol
beta-phenoxyethylalcohol
starbld0047047
EPE (CHRIS Code)
2-Phenoxyethanol, 9CI
2-Phenoxyethanol, 99%
ETHANOL,2-PHENOXY
WLN: Q2OR
PHENOXYETHANOL [II]
SCHEMBL15708
2-Phenoxyethanol, >=99%
PHENOXYETHANOL [HSDB]
PHENOXYETHANOL [INCI]
MLS002174254
ethyleneglycol monophenyl ether
Euxyl K 400 (Salt/Mix)
2-PHENOXYETHANOL [MI]
PHENOXYETHANOL [MART.]
PHENOXYETHANOL [USP-RS]
PHENOXYETHANOL [WHO-DD]
2-PHENOXYETHANOL 500ML
CHEMBL1229846
AMY9420
2-HYDROXYPROPANOIC ACID
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, is an organic acid with applications in beer production as well as the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is commonly used as a preservative and antioxidant.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid also has uses as a fuel additive, chemical intermediate, acidity regulator, and disinfectant.

CAS Number: 50-21-5
EC Number: 200-018-0
Molecular Formula: C3H6O3
Molar Mass: 90.078 g·mol−1

Synonyms: lactic acid, 2-hydroxypropanoic acid, DL-Lactic acid, 50-21-5, 2-hydroxypropionic acid, Milk acid, lactate, Tonsillosan, Racemic lactic acid, Ordinary lactic acid, Ethylidenelactic acid, Lactovagan, Acidum lacticum, 26100-51-6, Milchsaeure, Lactic acid, dl-, Kyselina mlecna, Lacticum acidum, DL-Milchsaeure, Lactic acid USP, (+/-)-Lactic acid, Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, Aethylidenmilchsaeure, 598-82-3, 1-Hydroxyethanecarboxylic acid, alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid, Lactic acid (natural), (RS)-2-Hydroxypropionsaeure, FEMA No. 2611, Milchsaure, Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova, Lurex, Propionic acid, 2-hydroxy-, Purac FCC 80, Purac FCC 88, Cheongin samrakhan, FEMA Number 2611, CCRIS 2951, HSDB 800, Cheongin Haewoohwan, Cheongin Haejanghwan, SY-83, 2-Hydroxypropionicacid, (+-)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, Biolac, NSC 367919, Lactic acid, tech grade, Propanoic acid, hydroxy-, Chem-Cast, alpha-Hydroxypropanoic acid, AI3-03130, HIPURE 88, DL- lactic acid, EINECS 200-018-0, EINECS 209-954-4, EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 128929, Lactic acid,buffered, NSC-367919, UNII-3B8D35Y7S4, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylacetic acid, BRN 5238667, INS NO.270, DTXSID7023192, (+/-)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, CHEBI:78320, INS-270, 3B8D35Y7S4, E 270, MFCD00004520, LACTIC ACID (+-), .alpha.-Hydroxypropanoic acid, .alpha.-Hydroxypropionic acid, DTXCID003192, E-270, EC 200-018-0, NCGC00090972-01, 2-hydroxy-propionic acid, (R)-2-Hydroxy-propionic acid;H-D-Lac-OH, C01432, Milchsaure [German], Lactic acid [JAN], Kyselina mlecna [Czech], D(-)-lactic acid, CAS-50-21-5, 2 Hydroxypropanoic Acid, 2 Hydroxypropionic Acid, Kyselina 2-hydroxypropanova [Czech], Lactic acid [USP:JAN], lactasol, 1-Hydroxyethane 1, carboxylic acid, acido lactico, DL-Milchsaure, (2RS)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, L- Lactic acid, Lactate (TN), 4b5w, Propanoic acid, (+-), DL-Lactic Acid, Racemic, LACTIC ACID (II), (.+/-.)-Lactic acid, Lactic acid (7CI,8CI), Lactic acid (JP17/USP), Lactic acid, 85%, FCC, Lactic Acid, Racemic, USP, NCIOpen2_000884, (+-)-LACTIC ACID, DL-LACTIC ACID [MI], LACTIC ACID [WHO-IP], (RS)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid, LACTIC ACID, DL-(II), LACTICUM ACIDUM [HPUS], 1-hydroxyethane carboxylic acid, 33X04XA5AT, DL-Lactic Acid (90per cent), CHEMBL1200559, Lactic acid, natural, >=85%, BDBM23233, L-lactic acid or dl-lactic acid, Lactic Acid, 85 Percent, FCC, LACTIC ACID, DL- [II], DL-Lactic acid, ~90% (T), DL-Lactic acid, AR, >=88%, DL-Lactic acid, LR, >=88%, DL- LACTIC ACID [WHO-DD], LACTIC ACID (EP MONOGRAPH), Lactic Acid, 10 Percent Solution, HY-B2227, LACTIC ACID (USP MONOGRAPH), Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy- (9CI), Tox21_111049, Tox21_202455, Tox21_303616, BBL027466, NSC367919, STL282744, AKOS000118855, AKOS017278364, Tox21_111049_1, ACIDUM LACTICUM [WHO-IP LATIN], AM87208, DB04398, SB44647, SB44652, Propanoic acid,2-hydroxy-,(.+/-.)-, 2-Hydroxypropionic acid, DL-Lactic acid, NCGC00090972-02, NCGC00090972-03, NCGC00257515-01, NCGC00260004-01, 26811-96-1, Lactic Acid, 85 Percent, Reagent, ACS, CS-0021601, FT-0624390, FT-0625477, FT-0627927,, FT-0696525, FT-0774042, L0226, EN300-19542, Lactic acid, meets USP testing specifications, D00111, F71201, A877374, DL-Lactic acid, SAJ first grade, 85.0-92.0%, Q161249, DL-Lactic acid, JIS special grade, 85.0-92.0%, F2191-0200, Z104474158, BC10F553-5D5D-4388-BB74-378ED4E24908, Lactic acid, United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard, Lactic acid, Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material, DL-Lactic acid 90%, synthetic, meets the analytical specifications of Ph. Eur., 152-36-3

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was discovered in 1780 by Swedish chemist, Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who isolated the 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid from sour milk as an impure brown syrup and gave 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid a name based on its origins: 'Mjölksyra'.
The French scientist Frémy produced 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid by fermentation and this gave rise to industrial production in 1881.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced by the fermentation of sugar and water or by chemical process and is commercially usually sold as a liquid.
Pure and anhydrous racemic 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a white crystalline solid with a low melting point.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has two optical forms, L(+) and D(-).
L(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the biological isomer as 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is naturally present in the human body.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be produced naturally or synthetically.
Commercial 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced naturally by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or lactose.

Wih the addition of lime or chalk, the raw materials are fermented in a fermenter and crude calcium lactate is formed.
The gypsum is separated from the crude calcium lactate, which results in crude 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
The crude 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is purified and concentrated and L(+) 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the result.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, is an organic acid with applications in beer production as well as the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, food and chemical industries.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is commonly used as a preservative and antioxidant.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid also has uses as a fuel additive, chemical intermediate, acidity regulator, and disinfectant.

One specific use of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is in I.V solutions, where 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an electrolyte to help replenish the bodies fluids.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also used in dialysis solutions, which results in a lower incidence of side effects compared to Sodium Acetate which can also be used.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid comes in both R (D-) and S (L+) enantiomers which can be manufactured individually to near perfect optical purity.
This means 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is great in the production of other products which require a specific stereochemistry.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used frequently in the cosmetic industry due to the effect of promoting collagen production, helping to firm the skin against wrinkles and sagging.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can also cause micro peeling, which can help reduce various scars and age spots.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a great solution for people with sensitive or dry skin where exfoliants don’t work.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used as a food preservative, curing agent, and flavoring agent.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an ingredient in processed foods and is used as a decontaminant during meat processing.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced commercially by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or lactose, or by chemical synthesis.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, also named ‘milk acid’, is an organic acid with the following chemicalformula: CH3CH(OH)CO2H.
The official name given by the International Union ofPure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is Lactic acid.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be naturally produced, but 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid importanceis correlated with synthetic productions.
Pure 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a colourless andhydroscopic liquid; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be defined a weak acid because of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid partial dissociationin water and the correlated acid dissociation constant (Ka= 1.38 10−4).

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a chiral compound with a carbon chain composed of a central (chiral) atomand two terminal carbon atoms.
A hydroxyl group is attached to the chiral carbon atom while oneof the terminal carbon atoms is part of the carboxylic group and the other atom is part of the methylgroup.

Consequently, two optically active isomeric forms of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid exist: L(+) form, alsonamed (S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, and D(−) form, or (R)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
L(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the biological isomer.

Antibacterial mechanism of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid on physiological and morphological properties of Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes:
Pathogens could be completely inactivated after exposure to 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid resulted in great leakage of protein of three pathogens.

Bacterial protein bands of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid-treated cells got fainter or disappeared.
Z-Average sizes of pathogens were changed to smaller after 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid treatment.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid caused collapsed or even broken cells with obvious pits and gaps.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is widely used to inhibit the growth of important microbial pathogens, but 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid antibacterial mechanism is not yet fully understood.
The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial mechanism of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid on Salmonella Enteritidis, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes by size measurement, TEM, and SDS-PAGE analysis.

The results indicated that 0.5% 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid could completely inhibit the growth of Salmonella Enteritidis, E. coli and L. monocytogenes cells.
Meanwhile, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid resulted in leakage of proteins of Salmonella, E. coli and Listeria cells, and the amount of leakage after 6 h exposure were up to 11.36, 11.76 and 16.29 μg/mL, respectively.

Fifty strains each of Staphylococcus aureus, beta haemolytic Streptococci, Proteus species, Esch coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were subjected to 2%, 1 % and 0. 1 % 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid in peptorie water.
Minimum inhibitory concentration of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid for all the strains of each of these organisms was 0.1% or 1%.

Depending upon 2-Hydroxypropanoic acids concentration, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid added to peptone water brings down the PH to 2.5-4 which by itself has some inhibitory effect on the microorganisms.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid however, retains 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid inhibitory effect even if the Ph of the peptone water is brought back to 7.3.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a nontoxic and non-sensitizing agent because 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a normal metabolite of the body.
Thus, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used as a safe and effective antibacterial agent for local application.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is conversion to glucose via gluconeogenesis in the liver and release back into the circulation

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an organic acid occurring naturally in the human body and in fermented foods.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in a wide range of food, beverages, personal care, healthcare, cleaners, feed & pet food and chemical products as a mild acidity regulator with flavour enhancing and antibacterial properties.

The commercial production of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is typically done by fermentation.
Because the L(+) form is preferred for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid better metabolisation, Jungbunzlauer has chosen to produce pure L(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid by traditional fermentation of natural carbohydrates.

L(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a colourless to yellowish, nearly odourless, syrupy liquid with a mild acid taste.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is commercially available as aqueous solutions of various concentrations.

These solutions are stable under normal storage conditions.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is non-toxic to humans and the environment, but concentrated solutions of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can cause skin irritation and eye damage.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is readily biodegradable.

Due to the high hygroscopicity of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid concentrated aqueous solutions are usually used - syrupy, colorless, odorless liquids.
Oxidation of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is usually accompanied by decomposition.

Under the action of HNO 3 or O 2 of air in the presence of Cu or Fe, HCOOH, CH 3 COOH, (COOH) 2 , CH 3 CHO, CO 2 and pyruvic acid are formed.
Reduction of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid HI leads to propionic acid, and reduction in the presence of Re-mobile leads to propylene glycol.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid dehydrates to acrylic acid, when heated with HBr, forms 2-bromopropionic acid, when the Ca salt reacts with PCl 5 or SOCl 2 -2-chloropropionyl chloride.
In the presence of mineral acids, self-esterification of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid occurs with the formation of lactone, as well as linear polyesters.

When 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid interacts with alcohols, hydroxy acids RCH 2 CH (OH) COOH are formed, and when 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid salts react with alcohol esters.
The salts and esters of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid are called lactates.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is formed as a result of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid fermentation (with sour milk, sauerkraut, pickling vegetables, ripening cheese, ensiling feed); D- 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is found in tissues of animals, plants, and also in microorganisms.
In industry, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is obtained by hydrolysis of 2-chloropropionic acid and 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid salts (100 ° C) or lactonitrile CH 3 CH (OH) CN (100 ° C, H 2 SO 4 ), followed by the formation of esters, the isolation and hydrolysis of which leads to a high quality.
Other methods of producing 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid are known: the oxidation of propylene with nitrogen oxides (15-20 ° C) followed by treatment with H 2 SO 4 , the interaction of CH 3 CHO with CO (200 ° C, 20 MPa).

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in the food industry, in mordant dyeing, in leather production, in fermentation shops as a bactericidal agent, for the production of medicines, plasticizers.
Ethyl and butyl lactates are used as solvents for cellulose ethers, drying oils, vegetable oils; butyl lactate - as well as a solvent for some synthetic polymers.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an organic acid.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has a molecular formula CH3CH(OH)COOH.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is white in the solid state and 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is miscible with water.
When in the dissolved state, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid forms a colorless solution.

Production includes both artificial synthesis as well as natural sources.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) due to the presence of a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used as a synthetic intermediate in many organic synthesis industries and in various biochemical industries.
The conjugate base of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is called lactate.

In solution, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can ionize, producing the lactate ion CH3CH(OH)CO−2.
Compared to acetic acid, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acids pKa is 1 unit less, meaning 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is ten times more acidic than acetic acid.
This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is chiral, consisting of two enantiomers.
One is known as l-(+)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid or (S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid and the other, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid mirror image, is d-(−)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid or (R)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.

A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called dl-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, or racemic 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is hygroscopic.

dl-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid melting point, which is around 16, 17 or 18 °C.
d-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid and l-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid have a higher melting point.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid produced by fermentation of milk is often racemic, although certain species of bacteria produce solely (R)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
On the other hand, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid produced by anaerobic respiration in animal muscles has the (S) configuration and is sometimes called "sarcolactic" acid, from the Greek "sarx" for flesh.

In animals, l-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues.

The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mM at rest, but can rise to over 20 mM during intense exertion and as high as 25 mM afterward.
In addition to other biological roles, l-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the primary endogenous agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).

In industry, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid fermentation is performed by 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid bacteria, which convert simple carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or galactose to 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
These bacteria can also grow in the mouth; the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as caries.

In medicine, lactate is one of the main components of lactated Ringer's solution and Hartmann's solution.
These intravenous fluids consist of sodium and potassium cations along with lactate and chloride anions in solution with distilled water, generally in concentrations isotonic with human blood.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is most commonly used for fluid resuscitation after blood loss due to trauma, surgery, or burns.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a hydroxycarboxylic acid CH3CH(OH)COOH with two stereoisomers (D(-) and L(+)) and 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has several applications in food, chemical, pharmaceutical and health care industries.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is primarily used for food and pharmaceutical applications, preferentially the L(+) isomer, since 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the only 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid isomer produced in the human body.

Around 20 to 30% of the 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production is used to obtain biopolymers (poly2-Hydroxypropanoic acid).
Other uses of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid include fibers and green solvents.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is fully commercially available and largely (90%) produced by bacteria through anaerobic fermentation of sugars.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can also be commercially produced by chemical synthesis.

The chemical production pathway gives an optical inactive racemic mixture (with the same quantity of L and D isomers), while the anaerobic fermentation pathway mostly yieldsone of the two stereoisomers, depending on the microorganism chosen.
The biotechnological option is widely available due to 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid renewable origin.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be produced via fermentation of sugars from different biomass, such as: starch crops, sugar crops, lignocellulosic materials and also from whey (a residue from cheese production).

The bulk of world production is based on homoplastic fermentation of sugars (from starch or sugar crops) where 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced as sole product.
Conventional production systems require the addition of calcium hydroxide to control the fermentation pH.

This procedure results in calcium lactate as final product.
Several steps are required to ultimately obtain and purify 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid: filtration, acidification, carbon adsorption, evaporation, esterification, hydrolysis and distillation.

The conventional process is associated with high costs (due to the complex purification procedure) and poor environmental performance due to the production of large amounts of chemical effluents (e.g. calcium sulphate).
New separation technologies are being developed, such as bipolar electrodialysis with promising results.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, the most fundamental natural ingredient in the dairy industry
In dairy products, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is one of the most common ingredients.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acids purpose is generally as an acid regulator and in terms of flavouring.
The slightly sour taste observed in yogurts, cheeses and other milk products is generally the result of fermentation from 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.

The signature flavour of sourdough bread is also a result of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid during the baking process.
With the addition of this versatile supplement, the product can be acidified with ease to reach proper pH levels, while leaving the natural flavours undisturbed.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, DL- is the racemic isomer of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, the biologically active isoform in humans.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid or lactate is produced during fermentation from pyruvate by lactate dehydrogenase.
This reaction, in addition to producing 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, also produces nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that is then used in glycolysis to produce energy source adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid appears as a colorless to yellow odorless syrupy liquid.
Corrosive to metals and tissue.
Used to make cultured dairy products, as a food preservative, and to make chemicals.

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar.
The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation.

Sodium lactate is the sodium salt of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, and has a mild saline taste.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced by fermentation of a sugar source, such as corn or beets, and then, by neutralizing the resulting 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid to create a compound having the formula NaC3H5O3.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was one of active ingredients in Phexxi, a non-hormonal contraceptive agent that was approved by the FDA on May 2020.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (chemically, alpha or 2-Hydroxypropionic acid) takes roles in metabolic processes in the body; in red blood and in skeletal muscle tissues as a product of glucose and glycogen metabolism.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an "alpha hydroxy acid: which has a hydroxyl group on the carbon atom next to the acid group.

If the hydroxy group is on the second carbon next to the acid group, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is called beta-hydroxy acid.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is converted in vivo to pyruvic acid (an alpha keto acid) which occurs as an intermediate product in carbohydrate and protein metabolism in the body.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid occurs as two optical isomers since the central carbon atom is bound to four different groups; a dextro and a levo form ( or an inactive racemic mixture of the two); only the levo form takes part in animal metabolism. 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is present in sour milk and dairy products such as cheese, yogurt, and koumiss, leban, wines.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid causes tooth decay since 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid bacteria operates in the mouth.

Although 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be prepared by chemical synthesis, production of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid by fermentation of glucose and other sugar substances in the presence of alkaline such as lime or calcium carbonate is a less expensive method.
The six-carbon glucose molecule is broken down to two molecules of the three-carbon compounds (2-Hydroxypropanoic acid), during this anaerobic condition.

Synthetic 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used commercially in tanning leather and dyeing wool; as a flavouring agent and preservative in food processing and carbonated beverages; and as a raw material in making plastics, solvents, inks, and lacquers; as a catalyst in numerous chemical processes.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is available as aqueous solutions of various concentrations, usually 22 - 85 percent (pure 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a colourless, crystalline substance.)

Although 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is usually associated with milk and dairy products, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can also be found in many other fermented food products, including confectionery products, jams, frozen desserts, and pickled vegetables.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid bacteria (LAB) are heterogenous group of bacteria which plays a significant role in a variety of fermentation processes.

They ferment food carbohydrates and produce 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid as the main product of fermentation.
In addition, degradation of proteins and lipids and production of various alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and sulphur compounds contribute to the specific flavour development in different fermented food products.

The main application of LAB is as starter cultures, with an enormous variety of fermented dairy (ie. cheese, yoghurt, fermented milks), meat, fish, fruit, vegetable and cereal products.
Besides, they contribute to the flavour, texture and nutritional value of the fermented foods, and thus they are used as adjunct cultures.

Acceleration of cheese maturation, enhancement of yoghurt texture with the production of exo polysaccharides and control of secondary fermentations in the production of wine are some examples.
The production of bacteriocins and antifungal compounds has lead to the application of bio-protective cultures in certain foods.
Moreover, the well-documented health-promoting properties of certain LAB have lead to the addition of selected strains, in combination with bifidobacteria, as probiotic cultures with various applications in food industry.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an organic acid generated by microbial fermentation.
Several studies have tested a 2% concentration of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid as a sanitizer, either by itself or in combination with a surface-active agent.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid–based sanitizers interfere with cell membrane permeability and cell functions such as nutrient transport.
These sanitizers are very promising and research is ongoing regarding their uses.

For example, in a recent study, ten commercially available sanitizers were tested for their effectiveness against Listeria monocytogenes on high-density polyethylene cutting boards.
Of all the products tested, which included QACs and sodium hypochlorite, a lactic-based sanitizer was the most effective against biofilm cells.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used since 1990s as a fine chemical (production 60 000–80 000 tons yr−1).
A major share (25 000 tons yr−1) is used as additive in the food industry.

The second main application is as building block for green polymers, solvents, and plasticizers.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is chemically produced by hydrocyanation followed by hydrolysis of the cyanohydrin.

The main drawbacks are the manipulation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), the production of (NH4)2SO4 (1 eq), and the complex purification steps to obtain food-grade 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid because the racemic acid is obtained.
To overcome these difficulties, the anaerobic fermentation from carbohydrates using Lactobacillus delbrueckii is a good alternative because only (S)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is obtained in only one step.
The fermentation is performed at 50 °C over 2–8 days with a yield of 85–95% and the product concentration is 100 g l−1.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid bacteria (LAB) play an important role in food, agricultural, and clinical applications.
The general description of the bacteria included in the group is gram-positive, nonsporing, nonrespiring cocci or rods, which produce 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid as the major end product during the fermentation of carbohydrates.

The common agreement is that there is a core group consisting of four genera; Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Streptococcus.
Recent taxonomic revisions have proposed several new genera and the remaining group now comprises the following: Aerococcus, Alloiococcus, Carnobacterium, Dolosigranulum, Enterococcus, Globicatella, Lactococcus, Oenococcus, Tetragenococcus, Vagococcus, and Weissella.

Their importance is associated mainly with their safe metabolic activity while growing in foods utilising available sugar for the production of organic acids and other metabolites.
Their common occurrence in foods along with their long-lived uses contributes to their natural acceptance as GRAS (Generally Recognised as Safe) for human consumption.

The three main pathways which are involved in the manufacture and development of flavour in fermented food products are as follows:
1) glycolysis (fermentation of sugars)
2) lipolysis (degradation of fat) and
3) proteolysis (degradation of proteins)

Lactate is the main product generated from the metabolism of carbohydrates and a fraction of the intermediate pyruvate can alternatively be converted to diacetyl, acetoin, acetaldehyde or acetic acid (some of which can be important for typical yogurt flavours).
The contribution of LAB to lipolysis is relatively little, but proteolysis is the key biochemical pathway for the development of flavour in fermented foods.

Degradation of such components can be further converted to various alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters and sulphur compounds for specific flavour development in fermented food products.
The genetics of the LAB have been reviewed and complete genome sequences of a great number of LAB have been published since 2001, when the first genome of LAB was sequenced and published.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid Adjunct cultures:
Secondary cultures, or adjunct cultures or adjuncts, are defined as any cultures that are deliberately added at some point of the manufacture of fermented foods, but whose primary role is not acid production.
Adjunct cultures are used in cheese manufacture to balance some of the biodiversity removed by pasteurisation, improved hygiene and the addition of defined-strain starter culture.
These are mainly non-starter LAB which have a significant impact on flavour and accelerate the maturation process.

Extracellular polysaccharides (EPSs) are produced by a variety of bacteria and are present as capsular polysaccharides bound to the cell surface, or are released into the growth medium.
These polymers play a major role in the production of yogurt, cheese, fermented cream and milk-based desserts where they contribute to texture, mouth-feel, taste perception and stability of the final products.

In addition, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has been suggested that these EPSs or fermented milks containing these EPSs are active as prebiotics, cholesterol-lowering and immunomodulants.
EPS-producing strains of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbreuckii ssp. bulgaricus have been shown to enhance the texture and viscosity of yogurt and to reduce syneresis.
For the production of wine, LAB are involved in the malolactic fermentation, that is a secondary fermentation, which involves the conversion of L-malate to L-lactate and CO2 via malate decarboxylase, also known as the malolactic enzyme, resulting in a reduction of wine acidity, providing microbiological stabilization and modifications of wine aroma.

Antifungal activities of LAB have been reported.
In addition; LAB strains also have the ability to reduce fungal mycotoxins, either by producing anti-mycotoxinogenic metabolites, or by absorbing them.
For LAB to be used as bio-protective starter cultures, they must possess a range of physical and biochemical characteristics, and most importantly, the ability to achieve growth and sufficient production of antimicrobial metabolites, which must be demonstrated in the specific food environment.

Probiotic culture:
LAB are considered as a major group of probiotic bacteria; probiotic has been defined by Fuller as "a live microbial feed supplement which beneficially affects the host animal by improving 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid intestinal microbial balance".
Salminen et al. proposed that probiotics are microbial cell preparations or components of microbial cells that have a beneficial effect on the health and well-being of the host.

Commercial cultures used in food applications include mainly strains of Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Propionibacterium spp. Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Lb. reuteri, Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lb. plantarum are the most used LAB in functional foods containing probiotics.
Argentinean Fresco cheese, Cheddar and Gouda are some examples of applications of probiotic LAB, in combination with bifidobacteria, in cheeses.

Apparently, these effects are species and strain specific, and the big challenge is the use of probiotic cultures composed of multiple species.
In addition, LAB, as part of gut microbiota ferment various substrates such as biogenic amines and allergenic compounds into short-chain fatty acids and other organic acids and gases.

In recent years, the genomes of several probiotic species have been sequenced, thus paving the way to the application of ‘omics’ technologies to the investigation of probiotic activities.
Moreover, although recombinant probiotics have been constructed, the industrial application of genetically engineered bacteria is still hampered by legal issues and by a rather negative general public opinion in the food sector.

Conclusion:
LAB are the most commonly used microorganisms for the fermentation and preservation of foods.
Their importance is associated mainly with their safe metabolic activity while growing in foods utilising available sugar for the production of organic acids and other metabolites.

Advances in the genetics, molecular biology, physiology, and biochemistry of LAB have provided new insights and applications for these bacteria.
Bacterial cultures with specific traits have been developed during the last 17 years, since the discovery of the complete genome sequence of Lc. lactis ssp. lactis IL1403 and a variety of commercial starter, functional, bio-protective and probiotic cultures with desirable properties have marketed.

However, the great challenge for food industry is to produce multiple strain cultures with multiple functions for specific products from specific regions of the world.
Also 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a challenge to produce foods, which are similar in sensory characteristics and nutritional value to the traditional products, even with special health-promoting properties, in a standardized, safe and controlled process.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid and Lactate:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a weak acid, which means that 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid only partially dissociates in water.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid dissociates in water resulting in ion lactate and H+.

This is a reversible reaction and the equilibrium is represented below.
CH3CH(OH)CO2H H+ + CH3CH(OH)CO2-Ka= 1.38 x 10-4

Depending on the environmental pH, weak acids such as 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid are either present as the acid in 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid undissociated form at low pH or as the ion salt at higher pH.
The pH at which 50% of the acid is dissociated is called the pKa, which for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is 3.86.

Under physiological circumstances the pH is generally higher than the pKa, so the majority of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid in the body will be dissociated and present as lactate.
In the undissociated (unionized) form the substrates are able to pass through the lipid membranes, unlike the dissociated (ionized) form which cannot.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (2-hydroxypropionic acid) is one of the large-scale chemical that is produced via fermentation.
The commonly used feedstocks are carbohydrates obtained from different sources like corn starch, sugarcane, or tapioca starch – depending on local availability.

The carbohydrates are hydrolyzed into monosaccharides and then fermented under the absence of oxygen by microorganisms into 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the building block for poly2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, but 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also used in a broad variety of food and cosmetic applications.
Bio-based 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is optically active, and the production of either l-(+)- or d-(–)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be directed with bioengineered microorganisms.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (2-hydroxypropionic acid) ranks among the high-volume chemicals produced microbially, with an annual world production volume in the range of 370 000 MT.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid fermentation is among the oldest industrial fermentations, with industrial production via fermentation starting in the 1880s.

Seventy-five percent of the current world 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production occurs in the fermentation facilities of Galactic, PURAC Corporation, Cargill Incorporated, Archer Daniels Midland Company, and the joint ventures derived from these companies.
Historically, the primary use of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has been in food for acidulation and preservation, and 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has been granted GRAS (generally recognized as safe) status by the FDA.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid also finds uses in leather tanning, cosmetics, pharmaceutical applications, as well as various other niches.

World 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production has expanded 10-fold in the last decade due, in large part, to increased demand for green products derived from 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, including ethyl lactate and poly2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (PLA).
Ethyl lactate can be utilized in a variety of green solvents, and although 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid low human toxicity relative to hydrocarbon alternatives is attractive, price is cited as the primary reason for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid limited market use.

PLA is a polymer that is considered a green alternative to petroleum-derived plastics due to 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid biodegradability and reduced carbon footprint.
PLA products are on the market in a wide range of applications including packaging, fibers, and foams.
The world’s major producer of PLA is NatureWorks LLC, currently wholly owned by Cargill Incorporated.

The primary cost in the production of PLA and ethyl lactate is the cost of raw material, that is, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
The key parameters that determine the cost of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid are rate, titer, and yield, in both fermentation and downstream product recovery unit operations.

Furthermore, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production accounts for a large fraction of the energy input and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid-derived products.
These carbon costs can be of great concern in the marketing and viability of a green product.

As discussed previously, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production has occurred for over 100 years, with only modest changes to conditions or host organisms.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced via fermentation, traditionally carried out by bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Enterococcus.

For the recent applications of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid as a green chemical intermediate, for example, for PLA, the cost of production via traditional process is too high.
As a result, a production strain for industrial 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid must fit the following criteria: production of > 100 g l−1 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid at yields near theoretical (0.9 g 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid per gram of dextrose), high chiral purity of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid produced (> 99%) with rates, media, and recovery costs able to meet the above cost targets.
Lowering this production cost holds the potential to expand the market for both 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid and 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid green derivatives.

The primary costs associated with fermentation are the nutrients and sugars required for cell growth and 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production along with the downstream recovery and purification process.
In addition to a sugar source, traditional bacterial lactic fermentations typically require an organic nitrogen source (such as yeast extract or corn steep liquor) along with B vitamin supplementation.

Furthermore, these fermentations require that the pH be maintained in the range of 5–7, well above the pKa of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
Maintaining the pH in this range requires neutralization of the 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid during fermentation, followed by costly downstream steps or acidulation to regenerate free 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
This greatly increases the cost of fermentation.

In 2008, Cargill implemented a new-to-the-world fermentation technology involving genetically modified yeast capable of producing 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid at industrially relevant rates, titers, and yields at pH values ≤ 3.0, which is well below the pKa of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
The low-pH fermentation process results in improved product quality and downstream processing, reduced chemical usage and nutrient costs, and a 35% reduction in the GHG emissions associated with 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production by fermentation.

Additionally, the potential for product loss due to bacteriophage attacks and microbial contamination that can occur in the traditional bacterial process are eliminated or greatly reduced with the low-pH yeast process.
This increased process robustness contributes to reduction in the overall cost of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production and subsequently has helped to grow the market for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid and 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid derivatives.

Future advances in the low-pH yeast process are expected to lower the cost of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production even more by reducing the cost of the carbon source fermented to 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
To achieve this, low-pH yeasts need to be further developed to efficiently ferment low-cost carbon sources to free 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was estimated by life cycle analysis that through the use of cellulosic feedstocks derived from biomass and the use of wind power to produce 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid and PLA, the overall GHG emissions could be calculated as a net negative

Applications of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:

Pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also employed in pharmaceutical technology to produce water-soluble lactates from otherwise-insoluble active ingredients.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid finds further use in topical preparations and cosmetics to adjust acidity and for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid disinfectant and keratolytic properties.

Foods:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is found primarily in sour milk products, such as koumiss, laban, yogurt, kefir, and some cottage cheeses.
The casein in fermented milk is coagulated (curdled) by 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also responsible for the sour flavor of sourdough bread.

In lists of nutritional information 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid might be included under the term "carbohydrate" (or "carbohydrate by difference") because this often includes everything other than water, protein, fat, ash, and ethanol.
If this is the case then the calculated food energy may use the standard 4 kilocalories (17 kJ) per gram that is often used for all carbohydrates.

But in some cases 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is ignored in the calculation.
The energy density of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is 362 kilocalories (1,510 kJ) per 100 g.

Some beers (sour beer) purposely contain 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, one such type being Belgian lambics.
Most commonly, this is produced naturally by various strains of bacteria.

These bacteria ferment sugars into acids, unlike the yeast that ferment sugar into ethanol.
After cooling the wort, yeast and bacteria are allowed to “fall” into the open fermenters.

Brewers of more common beer styles would ensure that no such bacteria are allowed to enter the fermenter.
Other sour styles of beer include Berliner weisse, Flanders red and American wild ale.

In winemaking, a bacterial process, natural or controlled, is often used to convert the naturally present malic acid to 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, to reduce the sharpness and for other flavor-related reasons.
This malolactic fermentation is undertaken by 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid bacteria.
While not normally found in significant quantities in fruit, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the primary organic acid in akebia fruit, making up 2.12% of the juice.

As a food additive 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is approved for use in the EU, USA and Australia and New Zealand; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is listed by 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid INS number 270 or as E number E270.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used as a food preservative, curing agent, and flavoring agent.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is an ingredient in processed foods and is used as a decontaminant during meat processing.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced commercially by fermentation of carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or lactose, or by chemical synthesis.
Carbohydrate sources include corn, beets, and cane sugar.

Forgery:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has historically been used to assist with the erasure of inks from official papers to be modified during forgery.

Cleaning products:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in some liquid cleaners as a descaling agent for removing hard water deposits such as calcium carbonate, forming the lactate, Calcium lactate.
Owing to 2-Hydroxypropanoic acids high acidity, such deposits are eliminated very quickly, especially where boiling water is used, as in kettles.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid also is gaining popularity in antibacterial dish detergents and hand soaps replacing Triclosan.

Uses of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used as a solvent and acidulant in the production of foods, drugs, and dyes.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also used as a mordant in woolen goods printing, a soldering flux, a dehairing agent, and a catalyst for phenolic resins.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also used in leather tanning, oil well acidizing, and as a plant growth regulator.

The fastest growing use for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid use as a monomer for the production of poly2-Hydroxypropanoic acid or polylactide (PLA).
Applications for PLA include containers for the food and beverage industries, films and rigid containers for packaging, and serviceware (cups, plates, utensils).
The PLA polymer can also be spun into fibers and used in apparel, fiberfill (pillows, comforters), carpet, and nonwoven applications such as wipes.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in metal plating, cosmetics, and the textile and leather industry.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in dyeing baths, as mordant in printing woolen goods, solvent for water-insoluble dyes (alcohol-soluble induline, nigrosine, spirit-blue).
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in reducing chromates in mordanting wool.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in manufacturing cheese, confectionery.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in component of babies' milk formulas; acidulant in beverages; for acidulating worts in brewing.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in in preparation of sodium lactate injections.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in ingredient of cosmetics.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in component of spermatocidal jellies.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in for removing Clostridium butyricum in manufacturing of yeast; dehairing, plumping, and decalcifying hides.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in solvent for cellulose formate.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in flux for soft solder.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in manufacturing lactates which are used in food products, in medicine, and as solvents.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in plasticizer, catalyst in the casting of phenolaldehyde resins.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid in Food:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is naturally present in many foodstuffs.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is formed by natural fermentation in products such as cheese, yogurt, soy sauce, sourdough, meat products and pickled vegetables.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also used in a wide range of food applications such as bakery products, beverages, meat products, confectionery, dairy products, salads, dressings, ready meals, etc.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid in food products usually serves as either as a pH regulator or as a preservative.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also used as a flavoring agent.

Meat, Poultry & Fish:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used in meat, poultry and fish in the form of sodium or potassium lactate to extend shelf life, control pathogenic bacteria (improve food safety), enhance and protect meat flavor, improve water binding capacity and reduce sodium.

Beverages:
Because of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid mild taste, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used as an acidity regulator in beverages such as soft drinks and fruit juices.

Pickled vegetables:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is effective in preventing the spoilage of olives, gherkins, pearl onions and other vegetables preserved in brine.

Salads & dressings:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid may be also used as a preservative in salads and dressings, resulting in products with a milder flavor while maintaining microbial stability and safety.

Confectionery:
Formulating hard-boiled candy, fruit gums and other confectionery products with 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid results in a mild acid taste, improved quality, reduced stickiness and longer shelf life.

Dairy:
The natural presence of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid in dairy products, combined with the dairy flavor and good antimicrobial action of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, makes 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid an excellent acidification agent for many dairy products.

Baked Goods:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a natural sourdough acid, which gives the bread 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid characteristic flavor, and therefore 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used for direct acidification in the production of sourdough.

Savory Flavors:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used to enhance a broad range of savory flavors.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acids natural occurrence in meat and dairy products makes 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid an attractive way to enhance savory flavors.

Pharmaceutical:
The primary functions for the pharmaceutical applications are: pH-regulation, metal sequestration, chiral intermediate and as a natural body constituent in pharmaceutical products.

Biomaterials:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a valuable component in biomaterials such as resorbable screws, sutures and medical devices.

Detergents:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid well known for 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid descaling properties and is widely applied in household cleaning products.
Also, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used as a natural anti-bacterial agent in disinfecting products.

Technical:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in a wide variety of industrial processes where acidity is required and where 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid properties offer specific benefits.
Examples are the manufacture of leather and textile products and computer disks, as well as car coating.

Animal Feed:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a commonly used additive in animal nutrition.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid has health promoting properties, thus enhancing the performance of farm animals.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be used as an additive in food and/or drinking water.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid in biodegradable plastics

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the principal building block for Poly 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (PLA).
PLA is a biobased and bio-degradable polymer that can be used for producing renewable and compostable plastics.

Industry Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Intermediate
Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable
Plating agents and surface treating agents
Process regulators
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Consumer Uses:
Agricultural chemicals (non-pesticidal)
Intermediate
Preservative
Processing aids, not otherwise listed

Industrial Processes with risk of exposure:
Petroleum Production and Refining
Soldering
Farming (Pesticides)
Leather Tanning and Processing
Fur Dressing and Dyeing
Textiles (Printing, Dyeing, or Finishing)

Biology of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
l-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is the primary endogenous agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 (HCA1), a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).

Exercise and lactate:
During power exercises such as sprinting, when the rate of demand for energy is high, glucose is broken down and oxidized to pyruvate, and lactate is then produced from the pyruvate faster than the body can process it, causing lactate concentrations to rise.
The production of lactate is beneficial for NAD+ regeneration (pyruvate is reduced to lactate while NADH is oxidized to NAD+), which is used up in oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate during production of pyruvate from glucose, and this ensures that energy production is maintained and exercise can continue.
During intense exercise, the respiratory chain cannot keep up with the amount of hydrogen ions that join to form NADH, and cannot regenerate NAD+ quickly enough.

The resulting lactate can be used in two ways:
Oxidation back to pyruvate by well-oxygenated muscle cells, heart cells, and brain cells
Pyruvate is then directly used to fuel the Krebs cycle

Conversion to glucose via gluconeogenesis in the liver and release back into circulation; see Cori cycle
If blood glucose concentrations are high, the glucose can be used to build up the liver's glycogen stores.

However, lactate is continually formed even at rest and during moderate exercise.
Some causes of this are metabolism in red blood cells that lack mitochondria, and limitations resulting from the enzyme activity that occurs in muscle fibers having high glycolytic capacity.

In 2004, Robergs et al. maintained that 2-Hydroxypropanoic acidosis during exercise is a "construct" or myth, pointing out that part of the H+ comes from ATP hydrolysis (ATP4− + H2O → ADP3− + HPO2− 4 + H+), and that reducing pyruvate to lactate (pyruvate− + NADH + H+ → lactate− + NAD+) actually consumes H+.
Lindinger et al. countered that they had ignored the causative factors of the increase in [H+].

After all, the production of lactate− from a neutral molecule must increase [H+] to maintain electroneutrality.
The point of Robergs's paper, however, was that lactate− is produced from pyruvate−, which has the same charge.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is pyruvate− production from neutral glucose that generates H+:
C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP3− + 2 HPO2−4 → 2 CH3COCO−2 + 2 H+ + 2 NADH + 2 ATP4− + 2 H2O

Subsequent lactate− production absorbs these protons:
2 CH3COCO−2 + 2 H+ + 2 NADH → 2 CH3CH(OH)CO−2 + 2 NAD+

Overall:
C6H12O6 + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP3− + 2 HPO2−4 → 2 CH3COCO−2 + 2 H+ + 2 NADH + 2 ATP4− + 2 H2O→ 2 CH3CH(OH)CO−2 + 2 NAD+ + 2 ATP4− + 2 H2O
Although the reaction glucose → 2 lactate− + 2 H+ releases two H+ when viewed on 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid own, the H+ are absorbed in the production of ATP.

On the other hand, the absorbed acidity is released during subsequent hydrolysis of ATP: ATP4− + H2O → ADP3− + HPO2−4 + H+.
So once the use of ATP is included, the overall reaction is C6H12O6 → 2 CH3COCO−2 + 2 H+.
The generation of CO2 during respiration also causes an increase in [H+].

Metabolism of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
Although glucose is usually assumed to be the main energy source for living tissues, there are some indications that 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is lactate, and not glucose, that is preferentially metabolized by neurons in the brain of several mammalian species (the notable ones being mice, rats, and humans).
According to the lactate-shuttle hypothesis, glial cells are responsible for transforming glucose into lactate, and for providing lactate to the neurons.
Because of this local metabolic activity of glial cells, the extracellular fluid immediately surrounding neurons strongly differs in composition from the blood or cerebrospinal fluid, being much richer with lactate, as was found in microdialysis studies.

Some evidence suggests that lactate is important at early stages of development for brain metabolism in prenatal and early postnatal subjects, with lactate at these stages having higher concentrations in body liquids, and being utilized by the brain preferentially over glucose.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was also hypothesized that lactate may exert a strong action over GABAergic networks in the developing brain, making them more inhibitory than 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was previously assumed,acting either through better support of metabolites, or alterations in base intracellular pH levels, or both.

Studies of brain slices of mice show that β-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, and pyruvate act as oxidative energy substrates, causing an increase in the NAD(P)H oxidation phase, that glucose was insufficient as an energy carrier during intense synaptic activity and, finally, that lactate can be an efficient energy substrate capable of sustaining and enhancing brain aerobic energy metabolism in vitro.
The study "provides novel data on biphasic NAD(P)H fluorescence transients, an important physiological response to neural activation that has been reproduced in many studies and that is believed to originate predominately from activity-induced concentration changes to the cellular NADH pools."

Lactate can also serve as an important source of energy for other organs, including the heart and liver.
During physical activity, up to 60% of the heart muscle's energy turnover rate derives from lactate oxidation.

Blood testing:
Blood tests for lactate are performed to determine the status of the acid base homeostasis in the body.
Blood sampling for this purpose is often arterial (even if 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is more difficult than venipuncture), because lactate levels differ substantially between arterial and venous, and the arterial level is more representative for this purpose.

Polymer precursor:
Two molecules of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid can be dehydrated to the lactone lactide.
In the presence of catalysts lactide polymerize to either atactic or syndiotactic polylactide (PLA), which are biodegradable polyesters.
PLA is an example of a plastic that is not derived from petrochemicals.

Production of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is produced industrially by bacterial fermentation of carbohydrates, or by chemical synthesis from acetaldehyde.
In 2009, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was produced predominantly (70–90%) by fermentation.

Production of racemic 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid consisting of a 1:1 mixture of d and l stereoisomers, or of mixtures with up to 99.9% l-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, is possible by microbial fermentation.
Industrial scale production of d-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid by fermentation is possible, but much more challenging.

As a starting material for industrial production of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, almost any carbohydrate source containing C5 and C6 sugars can be used.
Pure sucrose, glucose from starch, raw sugar, and beet juice are frequently used.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid producing bacteria can be divided in two classes: homofermentative bacteria like Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis, producing two moles of lactate from one mole of glucose, and heterofermentative species producing one mole of lactate from one mole of glucose as well as carbon dioxide and acetic acid/ethanol.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was the first organic acid produced with microbes, carried out in 1880.
In the twenty-first century, synthetic processes for the production of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (e.g., from lactonitrile) are competitive at the same costs as biological processes; 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid production is divided about equally between the two processes.
The major supply of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid in Europe is produced by fermentation using strains of L. bulgaricus when whey is used as the substrate, and other lactobacilli when different substrates are used.

According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administrating (FDA), 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) additive for miscellaneous or general purpose uses.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was one of the earliest organic acids used in foods.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used by the food industry in a number of ways:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used in packing Spanish olives, where 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid inhibits spoilage and further fermentation.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid aids in the stabilization of dried-egg powder.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid improves the taste of certain pickles when added to vinegar.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is used to acidify the grape juice (must) in winemaking.
In frozen confections, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid imparts a milky tart taste and does not mask other natural flavors.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also used in the production of the emulsifiers calcium and sodium stearoyl lactylates, which function as dough conditioners.
The sodium and potassium salts of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid have significant antimicrobial properties, including in meat products against toxin production by Clostridium botulinum, and against Listeria monocytogenes in chicken, beef, and smoked salmon

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is present in many foods both naturally and as a product of in situ fermentation, as in sauerkraut, yogurt, and many other fermented foods.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is also a principal metabolic intermediate in most living organisms.

Sodium and potassium lactates are produced commercially by neutralization of natural or synthetic 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (FDA 184.1768, 1639).
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid to be used as a food additive can be obtained either by fermentation of carbohydrates or by a chemical procedure involving formation of lactonitrile from acetaldehyde and hydrogen cyanide and subsequent hydrolysis (FDA 184.1061).

The microbiological and chemical procedures to obtain 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid are very competitive, with similar production costs.
One method of biosynthesis in common use starts with glucose and produces pyruvate, which can be converted to both the l(+) and d(−) isomers using a stereospecific lactate dehydrogenase; however, only the l(+) form is produced commercially.

The racemic mixture is always obtained by chemical synthesis.
Synthetic 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is free of the contaminants normally found in the product obtained by fermentation, and so 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is completely colorless and probably more stable.

2-Hydroxypropanoic acid and its salts are highly hygroscopic, and therefore are usually handled in concentrated solutions (60–80% by weight) rather than in solid form.
These solutions are colorless and odorless, and have a mild saline taste

Chemical production:
Racemic 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid is synthesized industrially by reacting acetaldehyde with hydrogen cyanide and hydrolysing the resultant lactonitrile.
When hydrolysis is performed by hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride forms as a by-product; the Japanese company Musashino is one of the last big manufacturers of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid by this route.
Synthesis of both racemic and enantiopure 2-Hydroxypropanoic acids is also possible from other starting materials (vinyl acetate, glycerol, etc.) by application of catalytic procedures.

General Manufacturing Information of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting
All Other Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
All Other Chemical Product and Preparation Manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing
Oil and Gas Drilling, Extraction, and Support activities
Paint and Coating Manufacturing
Pesticide, Fertilizer, and Other Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing
Plastics Material and Resin Manufacturing
Plastics Product Manufacturing

History of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele was the first person to isolate 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid in 1780 from sour milk.
The name reflects the lact- combining form derived from the Latin word lac, which means milk.

In 1808, Jöns Jacob Berzelius discovered that 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid (actually l-lactate) also is produced in muscles during exertion.
2-Hydroxypropanoic acids structure was established by Johannes Wislicenus in 1873.

In 1856, the role of Lactobacillus in the synthesis of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid was discovered by Louis Pasteur.
This pathway was used commercially by the German pharmacy Boehringer Ingelheim in 1895.
In 2006, global production of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid reached 275,000 tonnes with an average annual growth of 10%.

Identifiers of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
CAS Number:
50-21-5
79-33-4 (l)
10326-41-7 (d)

3DMet: B01180
Beilstein Reference: 1720251
ChEBI: CHEBI:422
ChEMBL: ChEMBL330546
ChemSpider: 96860
ECHA InfoCard: 100.000.017
EC Number: 200-018-0
E number: E270 (preservatives)
Gmelin Reference: 362717
IUPHAR/BPS: 2932
KEGG: C00186
PubChem CID: 612
RTECS number: OD2800000

UNII:
3B8D35Y7S4
F9S9FFU82N (l)
3Q6M5SET7W (d)

UN number: 3265
CompTox Dashboard (EPA): DTXSID7023192
InChI: InChI=1S/C3H6O3/c1-2(4)3(5)6/h2,4H,1H3,(H,5,6)/t2-/m0/s1
Key: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N
SMILES: CC(O)C(=O)O

Properties of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
Chemical formula: C3H6O3
Molar mass: 90.078 g·mol−1
Melting point: 18 °C (64 °F; 291 K)
Boiling point: 122 °C (252 °F; 395 K) at 15 mmHg
Solubility in water: Miscible
Acidity (pKa): 3.86, 15.1

Boiling point: 122 °C (20 hPa)
Density: 1.21 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 18 °C
pH value: 2.8 (10 g/l, H₂O, 20 °C)
Vapor pressure: 0.1 hPa (25 °C)

Molecular Weight: 90.08 g/mol
XLogP3: -0.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 1
Exact Mass: 90.031694049 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 90.031694049 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 57.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6
Complexity: 59.1
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
Assay (alkalimetric): 88.0 - 92.0 %
Assay (stereochemical purity of (S)-lactic acid): ≥ 95.0 %
Identity (IR-spectrum): passes test
Identity (pH): passes test
Identity (Density): passes test
Identity (Lactat): passes test
Identity (assay): passes test
Appearance: clear, oily liquid, not more intense in color than reference solution Y₆
Ether-insoluble substances: passes test
Citric, oxalic and Phosphoric acids: passes test
Density (d 20/20): 1.20 - 1.21
Chloride (Cl): ≤ 0.2 %
Sulfate (SO₄): ≤ 200 ppm
As (Arsenic): ≤ 3 ppm
Ca (Calcium): ≤ 200 ppm
Fe (Iron): ≤ 10 ppm
Hg (Mercury): ≤ 1 ppm
Pb (Lead): ≤ 2 ppm
Ethanol: ≤ 5000 ppm
Acetic acid: ≤ 5000 ppm
Methanol: ≤ 50 ppm
Other residual solvents (ICH Q3C): excluded by manufacturing process
Sugars and other reducing substances: passes test
Sulfated ash (600 °C): ≤ 0.10 %
Total aerobic microbial count (TAMC): ≤ 10²
Total combined yeasts/moulds count (TYMC): ≤ 10²
Bacterial endotoxins: ≤ 5 I.U./g

Thermochemistry of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298): 1361.9 kJ/mol, 325.5 kcal/mol, 15.1 kJ/g, 3.61 kcal/g

Pharmacology of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
ATC code: G01AD01 (WHO) QP53AG02 (WHO)

Related compounds of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:
1-Propanol
2-Propanol
Propionaldehyde
Acrolein
Sodium lactate
Ethyl lactate

Other anions:
Lactate
Related carboxylic acids:
Acetic acid
Glycolic acid
Propionic acid
3-Hydroxypropanoic acid
Malonic acid
Butyric acid
Hydroxybutyric acid

Some examples of lactates (salts or esters of lactic acid) are:
Ammonium Lactate (NH4C3H5O3, CAS RN: 515-98-0): clear to yellow, syrupy liquid used in in electroplating, in finishing leather and as humectant for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics.
Butyl Lactate (CH3CHOHCOOC4H9, CAS RN:138-22-7): a clear liquid: nontoxic, miscible with many solvents; used as a solvent for varnish, lacquers, resins and gums, used in making paints, inks, dry cleaning fluid, flavoring and as a chemical intermediate.
Calcium Lactate Pentahydrate [Ca(C3H5O3)2·5H2O, CAS RN: 814-80-2] : white crystals; soluble in water; used as a calcium source; administered orally in the treatment of calcium deficiency; as a blood coagulant.
Ethyl Lactate (CH3CHOHCOOC2H5, CAS RN: 97-64-3): clear liquid with mild odur; boiling point 154 C; miscible with alcohols, ketones, esters, and hydrocarbons as well as with water; used in pharmaceutical preparations, feed additive, as a flavoring ( odor description: sweet butter, coconut, fruity, creamy dairy, butterscotch) and as a solvent for cellulose compounds such as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and cellulose ethers.
Magnesium Lactate Trihydrate [Mg(C3H5O3)2·3H2O, CAS RN: 18917-93-6 ]: white crystals with bitter taste; soluble in water, slightly soluble in alcohol; used in medicine and as an electrolyte replenisher.
Manganese Lactate Trihydrate [Mn(C3H5O3)2·3H2O]: pale red crystals; insoluble in water and alcohol; used in medicine.
Mercuric Lactate [Hg(C3H5O3)2]: poisonous white powder that decomposes when heated; soluble in water; used in medicine.
Methyl Lactate (CH3CHCHCOOCH3): clear liquid with mild odur; boiling point 145 C; miscible with alcohols, ketones, esters, and hydrocarbons as well as with water; used in pharmaceutical preparations, feed additive, as a flavoring and as a solvent for cellulose compounds such as nitrocellulose, cellulose acetate, and cellulose ethers.
Sodium Lactate (CH3CHOHCOONa, CAS RN: 72-17-3) clear to yellow, hygroscopic syrupy liquid; soluble in water; melting point 17 C; used in medicine, in antifreeze, and hygroscopic agent and as a corrosion inhibitor.
Zinc Lactate (Zn(C3H5O3)2·2H2O, CAS RN: 16039-53-5): white crystals; used as an additive in toothpaste and food; preparation of drugs.

Names of 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid:

Preferred IUPAC name:
2-Hydroxypropanoic acid

Other names:
Lactic acid
Milk acid
2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA)
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is the monomer used to make the polymer poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide).
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is water-soluble (highly hydrophilic), non-immunogenic and non-toxic, and resides in the blood circulation well.


CAS Number: 27813-02-1 / 923-26-2
EC Number: 248-666-3
Chemical formula: C7H12O3


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) appears as white liquid with a light unpleasant odor.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) may float or sink in water.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a crystals or white crystalline solid.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is an enoate ester that is the 1-methacryloyl derivative of propane-1,2-diol.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) has a role as a polymerisation monomer.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is functionally related to a propane-1,2-diol and a methacrylic acid.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a chemical substance with the chemical formula C7H12O3.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is soluble in general organic solvents, still soluble in water.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a colorless liquid.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a clear, colorless liquid with a light unpleasant odor with molecular formula C7H12O3.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) may float or sink in water.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) contains small amounts of methacrylic acid and propylene oxide.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) copolymerizes readily with a wide range of monomers.
The hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-link sites, impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, color, and volatility.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is the monomer used to make the polymer poly(N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide).


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is water-soluble (highly hydrophilic), non-immunogenic and non-toxic, and resides in the blood circulation well.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is an ester of methacrylic acid.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a single functional group monomer.
As a special acrylic ester, 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a colorless and transparent liquid with two functional groups: carbon-carbon double bond and hydroxyl group.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is relatively non-volatile, non-toxic and non-yellowing.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) compared to HEMA is more suitable when a better water resistance is required, together with a better shrinkage resistance.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-linking sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, as well as contribute to low odour, colour, and volatility.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a methacrylic hydroxy monomer and is clear liquid in appearance.


The properties are extremely active, the curing rate is slightly lower than HPA, skin irritation and toxicity is lower than the range of HPA, application is quite extensive, usually used to improve 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) adhesion to polar substrates, is the most commonly used single functional group monomer.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is non-toxic and non-yellowing monomer.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is suitable for use in paints.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a hydroxy functional monomer used to make acrylic polyols and other hydrophilic polymers.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a clear, colourless liquid with a characteristic odour.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is relatively non-volatile, non-toxic and non-yellowing.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) copolymerizes readily with a wide variety of monomers, and the added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-linking sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance, as well as contribute to low odour, colour, and volatility.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) monomer for special polymers.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used extensively in the production of acrylic polyols for automotive OEM and refinish coatings as well as industrial coatings.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) has another character that has low proportion in the chedirection or formula, its functionis remarkable.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is an enolate, a 1-methacryloyl derivative of propane-1,2-diol.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) has the role of a polymerizing monomer.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) has a molecular weight (av) 144g/mol, a diester (PGDMA) of 0.2% max., and a colour number of 10 Pt/Co max.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a hydrophobic hydroxyl-bearing monomer that is particularly useful in the production of vacuum impregnated sealants for cast aluminum compositions and is also widely used in the production of flexible, UV-curable photopolymer printing plates.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a clear, colorless liquid with a pungent, sweet odor.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) contains low levels of a polymerization inhibitor along with small amounts of methacrylic acid, and propylene oxide.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a clear colorless liquid.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a white liquid with a light unpleasant odor. May float or sink in water.
The boiling point of 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is 96°C (1.33kPa), 57°C (66.7Pa), the relative density is 1.066 (25/16°C), the refractive index is 1.4470, and the flash point is 96°C.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a functional monomer for the preparation of hot solid acrylic coatings, styrene-butadiene latex modifiers, acrylic modified polyurethane coating ,water-soluble plating coatings , adhesives ,textile finishing agent ,paper coating , photosensitive paint and polyurethane vinyl resin modified agent.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is an enoate ester that is the 1-methacryloyl derivative of propane-1,2-diol.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) has a role as a polymerisation monomer.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is functionally related to a propane-1,2-diol and a methacrylic acid.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is non-toxic and non-yellowing.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is soluble in general organic solvents, still soluble in water.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a colorless liquid.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is Hydroxypropyl methacrylate.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is non-toxic and non-yellowing monomer.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is white liquid with a light unpleasant odor.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) may float or sink in water.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is an ester of methacrylic acid.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a monofunctional methacrylic monomer used in UV-curable inks/coatings, in the manufacture of thermosetting acrylic polyols, butadiene styrene rubber latex modifier, acrylic acid modified polyester coating, adhesives, printing inks, caprolactone monomers, coatings for automotive, water-soluble electroplate coating binder, textile treatment agent, fiber finishing agent, paper coating, appliances, sealants, Napp printing plates, photoprepolymer printing plates, detergent lubricating-oil additives, binders and metals applications.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used as active diluent and crosslinking agent in radiation curing system, and can also be used as resin crosslinking agent, plastic and rubber modifier.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used Acrylic resin, acrylic paint, textile adhesive and decontamination lubricant additive.


Application of 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) such as artificial fingernail (acrylic nail) applications, dental composites adhesives, dental prosthetics, or for any application that would result in implantation or prolonged contact within the human body need a specific grade.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) can be copolymerized with other acrylic monomers to produce acrylic resins containing active hydroxyl groups.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also used as an adhesive for synthetic textiles and as an additive for decontamination lubricating oil.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers for adhesives, inks, and coatings for automotive, appliance and metal applications.


The added hydroxyl groups improve adhesion to surfaces, incorporate cross-link sites, and impart corrosion, fogging, and abrasion resistance.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) can be used as a modifier for the production of thermosetting coatings, adhesives, fiber treatment agents and synthetic resin copolymers, and can also be used as one of the main cross-linking functional group monomers used in acrylic resins.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also extensively used in the production of flexible, UV curable photopolymer printing plates.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used Monomer for acrylic resins, nonwoven fabric binders, detergent lubricating-oil additives.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is mainly used in the manufacture are active groups of hydroxyl acrylic resin.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used in reactive diluent and cross-linking agent in the UV curing system.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is particularly useful as a hydrophobic hydroxy monomer in the manufacture of sealants for vacuum impregnation of cast aluminum components.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also widely used in the production of flexible UV-curable photopolymer printing plates.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is mainly used for hot curing acrylic coating, UV-curable acrylic materials, photosensitive coating, water soluble plating coating, adhesive, textile treatment agent, ester polymer, modifier polymer, and stem acid water reducing agent, etc.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is mainly used for hot curing acrylic coatings, UV-curable acrylic materials, photosensitive coating, water soluble plating coating, adhesive, textile treatment agent, ester polymer modifier polymer processing and stem acid water reducing agent, etc.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) has the advantages of indeed can significantly improve product performance characteristics with less usage amount.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used Dental composites, Napp printing plates, Photoprepolymer printing plates, Sealants, and UV-curable inks and coatings
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is a monofunctional methacrylic monomer used in UV-curable inks and coatings.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used Methacrylic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) can be copolymerized with acrylic acid and ester, acrolein, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, styrene and many other monomers.


Application of 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA): Auto Refinish Coating, Auto/Trans OEM Coating, Circuit Board Coating, General Industrial Adhesive, General Industrial Coating, Industrial Composite, Industrial Sealant, Leather/Fabric Coating, Printing - Litho/Offset/Heatset Inks, Resin Producer, Transportation Coatings, UV Coatings


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) can be used to treat the fiber, improve the water resistance, solvent resistance, wrinkle resistance and water resistance of the fiber.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) can also be used to make thermosetting coating with excellent performance, synthetic rubber, lubricating oil additive, etc.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) can be used as active diluent and crosslinker in radiation curing system, resin crosslinker, plastic and rubber modifier.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used monomer for acrylic resins, nonwoven fabric binders, detergent lubricating-oil additives.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also used as a co-monomer in styrene based unsaturated polyesters, PMMA based acrylic resins and vinyl ester formulations in anchor bolts and chemical fixings.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also extensively used in the production of flexible, UV curable photopolymer printing plates.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also used as reactive diluent and alternative to styrene in unsatured polyester (UPR).
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used as active diluent and crosslinking agent in radiation curing system, also as resin crosslinking agent, plastic and rubber modifier.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) may also be used in the production of emulsion polymers in combination with other commodity methacrylates and acrylates, notably for textile coatings and textile sizes.
In the aspect of adhesive, copolymerization with vinyl monomers can improve adhesive strength.


In paper processing, acrylic emulsion used for coating can improve 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA)'s water resistance and strength.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is particularly useful as a hydrophobic hydroxy monomer in the production of vacuum impregnation sealants for cast aluminium components.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used Appliance Paint, Building Coating, Car Paint, Paper Coating, Rubber Coating
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is mainly employed to fabricate acrylic resin, acrylic coatings, textile agent, adhesive and the additive of decontaminating and lubricant.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used as a co-monomer in styrene based unsaturated polyesters, PMMA based acrylic resins as well as vinyl ester formulations in anchor bolts and chemical fixings.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used in acrylic polyol synthesis to introduce hydroxyl functionality, used for automotive and industrial coatings.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used in the manufacturing of thermosetting acrylic coating,acrylic acid modified polyester coating, water-soluble electroplate coating binder, paper coating, photosensitive coating agent, etc.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used comonomer in paint resins and plastics.


Applications of 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA): Acrylic Resins, Adhesives & Sealants, Architectural Coatings ,Automotive & Industrial Coatings, Composites, Polyester Resins, Polyurethane Dispersions, UV Cured Systems, and Wood & Leather Finishes.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used in emulsion and resin by aqueous or solvent, taking use of its hydrophilic property and corsslinking property.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers for adhesives, printing inks, coatings and metal applications.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is widely used in the production of polyhydroxyacrylic acid for automotive coatings and refinish coatings as well as for industrial coatings.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also an active raw material to occur chemical syntheses and prone to bring addition reactions with a wide variety of organic inorganic compounds.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used in the manufacture of acrylic polymers for adhesives, printing inks, coatings and metal applications.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is non-toxic, non-yellowing and can also be used as a comonomer in styrenic unsaturated polyester, polymethylmethacrylate acrylic and vinyl ester formulations for anchor bolts and chemical bonding.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) can also be blended with other commercial methacrylates and acrylates to produce emulsion polymers, especially fabric coatings and fabric sizing.


Thus, 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is frequently used as macromolecular carrier for low molecular weight drugs (especially anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents) to enhance therapeutic efficacy and limit side effects.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also used as a scaffold for iBodies, polymer-based antibody mimetics.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also used as reactive diluent and alternative to styrene in unsatured polyester (UPR).
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used as a replacement for styrene or MMA in unsaturated polyesters, PMMA based acrylic resins and vinyl ester formulations for applications such as gel coats, 2k peroxide cure flooring and composites.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also used as a capping agent in urethane methacrylate oligomers for various applications including chemical anchors, structural and anaerobic adhesives.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used Modifying agent of glass fiber,binder and lube.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA)-drug conjugate preferably accumulates in tumor tissues via the passive-targeting process (or so-called EPR effect).
Due to its favorable characteristics, 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) polymers and copolymers are also commonly used to produce synthetic biocompatible medical materials such as hydrogels.


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is used for automotive and industrial coatings, Reactive diluent for unsaturated polyesters, PMMA based acrylic resins, Vinyl ester formulations for anchor bolts and chemical fixings, Acrylic emulsion polymers, Vacuum impregnation sealants for cast aluminium components, and Photopolymer printing plates


2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) used in the preparation of solid and emulsion polymers, acrylic dispersions in combination with other (meth) acrylates, which are used in various industries, especially for textile coatings and dressings.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is widely used in the production of acrylic polyols for automotive components, refurbishment coatings, and industrial coatings.


Applications of 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA): Acrylic Resins, Adhesives & Sealants, Architectural Coatings, Automotive & Industrial Coatings, Composites, Polyester Resins, Polyurethane Dispersions, UV Cured Systems, and Wood & Leather Finishes
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is also used as a comonomer in styrene-based unsaturated polyesters, PMMA-based acrylic resins, and vinyl ester formulations in anchor bolts and chemical anchors.



PRODUCTION OF 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) monomer is manufactured by reacting methacrylic acid with propylene oxide.



REACTIVITY PROFILE OF 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate polymerization:
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA)may polymerize when hot or when exposed to ultraviolet light and free-radical catalysts



USER OF 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
*Acrylic polyols for automotive and industrial coatings
*Reactive diluent for unsaturated polyesters
*PMMA based acrylic resins
*Vinyl ester formulations for anchor bolts and chemical fixings
*Acrylic emulsion polymers
*Vacuum impregnation sealants for cast aluminium components
*Photopolymer printing plates



BENEFITS OF 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
*Adhesion
*Hardness
*Heat Stability
*High Tg
*Hydrophobic
*Hydroxyl Functional
*Low Viscosity
*Multi Functional
*Reactive Diluent
*UV Stable
*Water Resistance



FEATURES OF 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
*Hydroxyl functional monomer
*Hydrophobic
*Non toxic
*Non yellowing
*REACH compliant



PRODUCTION METHOD OF 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) is derived from the reaction of methacrylic acid and propylene oxide.



POLYMERIZATION OF 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) may polymerize when hot and burst container.
2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate (HPMA) may polymerize ... when exposed to ultraviolet light and free-radical catalysts.



MARKET OF 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
*Adhesives
*Coatings-Industrial
*Coatings-Transportation
-Composites
*Industrial Processing & Specialty
*Printing Ink
*Sealants



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
Formula: C7H12O3
Formula Weight: 144.17
CAS #: 27813-02-1
Boiling Point: 70°C/1mmHg
Specific Gravity @25°C: 1.028
Solubility in Water: 13%
Appearance: White odorless crystals
Physical state: solid
Color: No data available
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 70 °C
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available

Appearance: Clear liquid, free of particles
Water content, % (mass): 0.1 max
Inhibitor (MEHQ) content, ppm (mass): 200 - 300
Acid number, mgKOH/g: 1.0 max.
Colour number, Pt/Co: 10 max
Assay, % (mass): 97.0 min
Diester (PGDMA), % (mass): 0.2 max
Molecular weight (av), g/mol: 144
PSA: 46.53000
XLogP3: 0.48650
Appearance: Crystals or white crystalline solid.
Density: 1.066 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point: -89 °C
Boiling Point: 96 °C
Flash Point: 206 °F
Refractive Index: 1.447
Water Solubility: less than 1 mg/mL at 73° F
Storage Conditions: 0-6ºC
Vapor Pressure: 0.05 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density: >1 (vs air)Odor: Slight acrylic odor

Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: ca.1,002 g/cm3
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available
Particl characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: No data available
Other safety information: No data available
Molecular Weight: 144.17 g/mol
XLogP3: 1
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 3
Rotatable Bond Count: 4
Exact Mass: 144.078644241 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 144.078644241 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 46.5Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 140
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 1
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Empirical Formula: C7H12O3
CAS No.: 27813-02-1
Color: max.30 (Pt-Co)
Stabilization: 200±20ppm MEHQ
Appearance: Clear, colorless liquid
Molecular weight: 144.7 g/mol
Density: 1.066 g/cm3 (25ºC)
Refractive index: 1.447(25ºC)
Boiling point: 92ºC
Flashpoint: 96ºC
Solubility: Soluble in : Organic Solvent, Water

Melting point: -58°C
Boiling point: 57 °C/0.5 mmHg (lit.)
Density: 1.066 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
vapor density: >1 (vs air)
vapor pressure: 0.05 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
refractive index: n20/D 1.447(lit.)
Flash point: 206 °F
storage temp.: 2-8°C
solubility: 107g/l
form: Liquid
color: Clear
Specific Gravity: 1.066
PH: 6 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Viscosity: 8.88mm2/s
Water Solubility: Soluble in water.
BRN: 1752228
InChIKey: GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 0.97 at 20℃
Indirect Additives used in Food Contact Substances: HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE
FDA 21 CFR: 175.105
CAS DataBase Reference: 27813-02-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
FDA UNII: UKW89XAX2X
EPA Substance Registry System: Hydroxypropyl methacrylate (27813-02-1)



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Consult a physician.
*If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
Consult a physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
Flush eyes with water as a precaution.
*If swallowed:
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Sweep up and shovel.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
-Further information:
No data available



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
*Respiratory protection:
Respiratory protection is not required.
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Hygiene measures:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Store in cool place.
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
*Storage stability:
Recommended storage temperature: 2 - 8 °C
Handle under nitrogen, protect from moisture.
Store under nitrogen.
Heat- and airsensitive.
Moisture sensitive.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE (HPMA):
-Reactivity:
No data available
-Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)-2-methylprop-2-enamide
N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide
2-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate
27813-02-1
923-26-2
2-Hydroxypropylmethacrylate
HPMA
Acryester HP
beta-Hydroxypropyl methacrylate
2-Hydroxypropyl 2-methylacrylate
2-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate
25703-79-1
2-Hydroxypropyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate
2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, 2-hydroxypropyl ester
Propylene glycol monomethacrylate
2-HPMA
METHACRYLIC ACID, 2-HYDROXYPROPYL ESTER
CHEBI:53440
2HPMA
methacrylic acid 2-hydroxypropyl ester
V9B8S034AW
2-hydroxy-n-propyl methacrylate
2-hydroxy-3-propyl methacrylate
DTXSID1029629
.beta.-hydroxypropyl methacrylate
DSSTox_CID_5934
EINECS 213-090-3
BRN 1752228
UNII-V9B8S034AW
BLEMMER P
2-hydroxyproyl methacrylate
Epitope ID:131322
DSSTox_RID_77971
DSSTox_RID_78619
DSSTox_GSID_25934
DSSTox_GSID_27936
SCHEMBL19017
DTXCID805934
CHEMBL1873783
1,2-Propanediol, 1-methacrylate
2-Hydroxypropyl 2-methylacrylate #
CBA81302
Tox21_200694
Tox21_201232
Tox21_202531
AKOS015899917
CS-W011008
HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE [INCI]
NCGC00090806-01
NCGC00090806-02
NCGC00090806-03
NCGC00258248-01
NCGC00258784-01
NCGC00260080-01
AS-59279
CAS-923-26-2
CAS-25703-79-1
CAS-27813-02-1
FT-0694519
M0512
Hydroxypropyl methacrylate, mixture of isomers
D93082
2-Propenoic acid,2-methyl-,2-hydroxypropyl ester
W-100292
Q27124054
HPMA, 2-HPMA
HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE
METHACRYLIC ACID 2-HYDROXYPROPYL ESTER
methacrylic acid, monoester with propane-1,2-diol
rocryl410
Photomer 2317
2-Hydroxypropyl meth
Dimethicone 9006-65-9
Hydroxy propyl ethacrylate
2-HYDROXYPROYL METHACRYLATE
2-HYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE


2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE
2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE = N,N′-ETHYLENEUREA = ETHYLENEUREA


CAS Number: 120-93-4
EC Number: 204-436-4
MDL number: MFCD00005257
Molecular Formula: C3H6N2O


2-Imidazolidinone is a member of ureas and an imidazolidinone.
2-Imidazolidinone is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 100 to < 1 000 tonnes per annum.
2-Imidazolidinone is white to off-white solid


2-Imidazolidinone is a metabolite of ethylenethiourea (ETU), a decomposition product of the ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides.
2-Imidazolidinone is an organic compound that is used in the synthesis of glycol ethers.
2-Imidazolidinone has also been shown to inhibit the production of proinflammatory cytokines and reduce light emission.
2-Imidazolidinone is a structural analog of imidazolidinones, which are known to possess antiinflammatory activity.


2-Imidazolidinone can be synthesized by reacting trifluoroacetic acid with an aromatic hydroxyl group and two nitrogen atoms.
The major metabolic pathways for 2-Imidazolidinone include oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and conjugation with glucuronic acid.
2-Imidazolidinone reacts with water molecules to form hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen gas.
This reaction is catalyzed.


2-Imidazolidinone is a metabolite of ethylenethiourea (ETU), a decomposition product of the ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides.
2-Imidazolidinone is a largely obsolete insecticide.
2-Imidazolidinone is a metabolite of ethylenethiourea (ETU), a decomposition product of the ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (EBDC) fungicides.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
Cosmetic Uses of 2-Imidazolidinone: fragrance, and perfuming agents
2-Imidazolidinone is used as formaldehyde capture agent, fine chemicals intermediates, also used in the preparation of resin and the preparation of plasticizers, paint, adhesives, etc
2-Imidazolidinone is used as formaldehyde capture agent to remove formaldehyde remaining in fabrics after finishing with 2D-resin, KB resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, etc.


2-Imidazolidinone is also used as an intermediate for fine chemicals, used to make resins, plasticizers, paints, adhesives, etc.
2-Imidazolidinone is used as a formaldehyde capture agent, an intermediate for fine chemicals, and also used to make resins and formulate plasticizers, spray paints, adhesives, etc.
2-Imidazolidinone is used to synthesize chiral microporous materials prepared from achiral precursors.
2-Imidazolidinone is used to prepare aryl and heteroaryl N-acylurea through microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed carbonylation reaction.


2-Imidazolidinone is used to synthesize a highly water-soluble peptide based on human neutrophil elastase inhibitors.
2-Imidazolidinone formed by cyanoacetylation reaction used to synthesize antibacterial heterocyclic rings.
2-Imidazolidinone is used for Pd-catalyzed reaction to form C- N bonds with heteroaromatic toluene sulfonate; used to activate the oxidative amidation reaction of alkenes.


2-Imidazolidinone is mainly used in various kinds of formaldehyde removing reagent eg. For resinous product, 2-Imidazolidinone is used high effect formaldehyde removing detergent, long-term formaldehyde dissolution intermediate, formaldehyde removing for , leather, rubber, textile coating, and photocatolyst etc, In addition, it can be used in textile anti – crease finish, anti tearing finish.
2-Imidazolidinone is used as a raw material, it can be used in pharmaceutics industrial such as azlocillin sodium, anti-schistosomiasis, pesticide etc.


In pharmaceutical industry, 2-Imidazolidinone can be used as many kinds of antibiotics intermediate such as Mezlocillin, Azlocillin.
2-Imidazolidinone also can be used as intermediate of medicine for snail fever and basic material for 3G penicillin
2-Imidazolidinone serves mainly as a formaldehyde scavenger and chemical building block.
Apart from the textile industry 2-Imidazolidinone is used in construction and coatings industry applications.


2-Imidazolidinone is used by consumers, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2-Imidazolidinone is used in the following products: inks and toners.
Other release to the environment of 2-Imidazolidinone is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use.


Other release to the environment of 2-Imidazolidinone is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
2-Imidazolidinone can be found in products with material based on: paper (e.g. tissues, feminine hygiene products, nappies, books, magazines, wallpaper).


2-Imidazolidinone widespread uses by professional workers.
2-Imidazolidinone is used in the following products: inks and toners. 2-Imidazolidinone is used in the following areas: printing and recorded media reproduction.
2-Imidazolidinone is used as thiadiazole pharmaceutical intermediate
2-Imidazolidinone can be used as reactant for synthesis of Chiral microporous materials from achiral precursors.


2-Imidazolidinone is mainly used in various kinds of formaldehyde removing reagent, eg.: for resinous products, high effect formaldelhyde removing detergent, long-term formaldehyde dissolution intermediate, formaldehyde removing for rubber, leather, textile, coating, and photocatolyst etc.
In addtion, 2-Imidazolidinone can be used in textile anti-crease finish, anti tearing finish.
In pharmaceutical industry, 2-Imidazolidinone can be used as many kinds of antibiotics intermediate, such as Mezlocillin, Azlocillin.


2-Imidazolidinone also can be used as intermediated of medicine for snail fever and basic material for 3G penicillin.
In biological industry, 2-Imidazolidinone can be used for producing growth regulator for plants, disinfectant, inhibitors, herbicide etc.
E 1546 (OTTO) 2-Imidazolidinone, 96% Cas 120-93-4 - used as Aryl and heteroaryl N-acylureas via microwave-assisted palladium-catalyzed carbonylation.
E 1546 (OTTO)2-Imidazolidinone, 96% Cas 120-93-4 - used as a highly water-soluble peptide based human neutrophil elastase inhibitor.
2-Imidazolidinone, 96% Cas 120-93-4 - used as Chiral microporous materials from achiral precursors.



PRODUCTION METHOD OF 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
2-Imidazolidinone is obtained by a hot pressing reaction of ethylenediamine and carbon dioxide.
Ethylenediamine, urea and water can also be condensed to make the product.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
Molecular Formula / Molecular Weight: C3H6N2O = 86.09
Physical State (20 deg.C): Solid
Molecular Weight: 86.09
XLogP3: -1.3
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 86.048012819
Monoisotopic Mass: 86.048012819
Topological Polar Surface Area: 41.1 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 6

Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 63.2
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Appearance Form: solid
Odor: No data available
Odor Threshold: No data available

pH: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 129 - 132 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Evaporation rate: No data available
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Vapor pressure: No data available
Vapor density: No data available
Density: No data available

Relative density: No data available
Water solubility: No data available
Partition coefficient:
n-octanol/water: No data available
Autoignition temperature: No data available
Decomposition temperature: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information: No data available

ΔfG°: 71.47 kJ/mol
ΔfH°gas: -86.51 kJ/mol
ΔfusH°: [3.80; 13.20] kJ/mol
ΔsubH°: [83.70; 96.60] kJ/mol
ΔvapH°: 40.60 kJ/mol
IE: [8.90; 9.55] eV
log10WS: -0.10
logPoct/wat: -0.701
McVol: 63.800 ml/mol
Pc: 6852.77 kPa
Tboil: 452.91 K
Tc: 696.51 K
Tfus: 416.99 K
Ttriple: [346.60; 404.80]K
Vc: 0.227 m3/kmol


Molecular Formula: C3H6N2O
Molar Mass: 86.09
Density: 1.1530 (rough estimate)
Melting Point: 129-132 °C (lit.)
Boling Point: 158.75°C (rough estimate)
Flash Point: 265°C
Water Solubility: soluble
Vapor Presure: 0.002Pa at 20℃
Appearance: White needle crystal
Color: White to off-white
Merck: 14,4914
BRN: 106252

pKa: 14.58±0.20(Predicted)
Storage Condition: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
Refractive Index: 1.5110 (estimate)
Appearance: white powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Melting Point: 131.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg
Boiling Point: 358.70 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)
Flash Point: 397.00 °F. TCC ( 202.50 °C. ) (est)
logP (o/w): -1.230 (est)
Soluble in: water, 2.646e+004 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)

Melting point: 129-132 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 158.75°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.1530 (rough estimate)
vapor pressure: 0.002Pa at 20℃
refractive index: 1.5110 (estimate)
Flash point: 265°C
storage temp.: Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
form: Powder or Crystalline Powder
pka: 14.58±0.20(Predicted)
color: White to off-white
Water Solubility: soluble
Merck: 14,4914
BRN: 106252
LogP: -1.16 at 25℃



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture:
Nature of decomposition products not known.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature).
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
2-Imidazolidone
imidazolidin-2-one
120-93-4
2-Imidazolidinone
ETHYLENEUREA
imidazolidinone
Ethylene urea
N,N'-Ethyleneurea
2-Oxoimidazolidine
1,3-Ethyleneurea
Imidazolid-2-one
Monoethyleneurea
2-Oxomidazolidine
Urea, 1,3-ethylene-
SD 6073
2-imidazolidinon
Urea, N,N'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-
NSC 21314
CHEBI:37001
Urea,3-ethylene-
NSC-21314
WLN: T5MVMTJ
2K48456N55
Urea,N'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-
HSDB 4021
EINECS 204-436-4
imidazolidone
2-imidazolinone
AI3-22151
imidazolin-2-one
UNII-2K48456N55
Imidazoliden-2-one
2-oxo-imidazolidine
MFCD00005257
2-Imidazolidone, 96%
DSSTox_CID_602
EC 204-436-4
ETHYLENEUREA
DSSTox_RID_75683
DSSTox_GSID_20602
CHEMBL12034
IMIDAZOLIDINONE
2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE
DTXSID0020602
NSC3338
NSC-3338
NSC21314
ZINC1666720
Tox21_200783
AKOS000121325
7-Benzyloxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylicacid
NCGC00248832-01
NCGC00258337-01
AS-13128
BP-21148
CAS-120-93-4
DB-021217
DB-021218
AM20080146
CS-0075560
FT-0626340
FT-0668259
I0005
EN300-21266
D71145
2-Imidazolidinon 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile
A804620
2-Imidazolidone, PESTANAL(R), analytical standard
Q-200290
Q2813813
F0001-0335
Z104494954
Ethylenurea
Ethyleneurea
Imidazolidone
Ethylene urea
2-Imidazolidone
1,3-Ethyleneurea
Imidazolid-2-one
1,3-ethylene-ure
2-Imidazaolidone
2-Imidazolidinone
2-oxomidazolidine
Imidazolidin-2-on
2-Oxoimidazolidine
Imidazoliden-2-one
imidazolidin-2-one
Ethyleneurea hemihydrate
2-Imidazolidinone, Pract.
2-Imidazolidone hemihydrate
2-IMIDAZOLIDINON
2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE
2-IMIDAZOLIDONE
3-IMIDAZOLIDINONE
ETHYLENEUREA
N,N'-ETHYLENEUREA
1,3-ethylene-ure
1,3-Ethyleneurea
2-Oxoimidazolidine
2-oxomidazolidine
Ethylenurea
Imidazolid-2-one
Imidazoliden-2-one
Imidazolidin-2-on
imidazolidine-2-one
Imidazoline-2-one
n,n\’-(1,2-ethanediyl)-ure
N,N-Ethylenurea
SD 6073
sd6073
2-Imidazolidone
2-Imidazolidinone
ETHYLENEUREA
Ethylene urea
Monoethyleneurea
N,N'-Ethyleneurea
2-Oxoimidazolidine
imidazolidin-2-one
1,3-Ethyleneurea
2-Oxomidazolidine
2-IMIDAZOLIDINONE
IMIDAZOLIDIN-2-ONE
ETHYLENEUREA
Imidazolidone
idone
Ethylenurea
1,3-ethylene-ure
2-Oxoimidazolidine
sd6073
SD 6073
2-Imidazolidinone, Pract.
Ethyleneurea hemihydrate
2-Imidazolidone
2-Imidazolidinone
Ethyleneurea
2-Imidazaolidone
Imidazolidone
Ethylene urea
imidazolidin-2-one
1,3-Ethyleneurea
2-Imidazolidone
2-Oxoimidazolidine
CY 100
Ethyleneurea
Imidazolidinone
N,N’-Ethyleneurea
NSC 21314
NSC 3338
SD 6073
N,N’-(1,2-Ethanediyl)urea
2-Imidazolidinone, Pract.
Ethyleneurea hemihydrate
2-Imidazolidone
2-Imidazolidinone
Ethyleneurea
2-Imidazaolidone
Imidazolidone
Ethylene urea
imidazolidin-2-one
urea - ethene (1:1)
1,3-(ethane-1,2-diyl)urea
2-Imidazolidinone
2-Oxoimidazolidine
ethylene urea
Ethyleneurea
Ethylenurea
Imidazolid-2-one
imidazolidin-2-one
Imidazolidinone
Imidazolidone
MFCD00005257
N,N'-ethyleneurea
N,N-Ethylenurea
oxoimidazolidine
SD 6073
urea,ethylene
imidazolidinone
2-Imidazolidinone
urea,ethylene
1,3-(ethane-1,2-diyl)urea
Ethyleneurea
N,N'-ethyleneurea
Imidazolidin-2-one
N,N-Ethylenurea
Ethylenurea
Ethylene urea
2-IMIDAZOLIDONE
2-Oxoimidazolidine
Imidazolid-2-one
Imidazolidone
Ethylene urea
Imidazolidin-2-one
2-Imidazolidinone
120-93-4
2-Imidazolidinone (Ethylene urea)
2-Imidazolidinone
1,3-Ethyleneurea
2-Imidazolidon
2-imidazolidona
2-Imidazolidone
2-Oxoimidazolidine
Ethyleneurea
IMIDAZOLID-2-ONE
Imidazolidinone
N,N'-AETHYLENHARNSTOFF
N,N'-Ethyleneurea
NSC 21314
NSC 3338
Urea, ethylene-
Urea, N,N'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-
EINECS 204-436-4
Urea, 1,3-ethylene-
UNII-2K48456N55
2-oxomidazolidine
monoethyleneurea
imidazolidin-2-one
76895-63-1




2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H4(NH)SC=S.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a beige or light yellow powder with a faint odor.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.


CAS Number: 149-30-4
EC Number: 205-736-8
MDL number: MFCD00005781
Chemical formula: C7H5NS2
Molecular Formula: C7H5NS2 / C6H4SNCSH


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is slightly odorous, bitter taste, non-toxic, specific gravity 1.42-1.52, initial melting point above 170℃, easily soluble in ethyl acetate in the dilute solution of ester, acetone, sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is soluble in ethanol, insoluble in benzene, insoluble in water and gasoline.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a beige or light yellow powder with a faint odor.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has a pale yellow to tan crystalline powder with a disagreeable odor.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a pale yellow powder or granule.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has an unpleasant smell.
The melting point of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is above 173.0°C.


The relative density of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is 1.41 to 1.48.
2-mercaptobenzothiazole is poorly soluble in water and n-hexane.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is easily soluble in acetone.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is soluble in ethanol.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is slightly soluble in benzene.
2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is acidic.


Vulcanization promotes strong.
The vulcanization curve is relatively flat.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole also can be added to silver cyanide baths.


2-mercaptobenzothiazole is a pale yellow to tan crystalline powder with a disagreeable odor.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is 1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a member of benzothiazoles and an aryl thiol.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a natural product found in Bos taurus with data available.
2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an important variety of thiazole rubber vulcanization accelerators.
At the same time, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is also an important auxiliary agent for oxidation and corrosion resistance.


In addition, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is also a reagent for chemical analysis.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is low in toxicity and has a stimulating effect on skin and mucous membranes.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is one of the effective corrosion inhibitors for copper or copper alloys.


When the cooling system contains copper equipment and the raw water contains a certain amount of copper ions, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole can be added.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can prevent corrosion of copper.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an intermediate of the herbicide mefenacet and is also a rubber accelerator and an intermediate thereof.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is mainly used for manufacturing tires, inner tubes, tape, rubber shoes, and other industrial rubber products.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is one of the effective corrosion inhibitors for copper or copper alloys.
When copper equipment and raw water contain a certain amount of copper ions in the cooling system, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can be added to prevent copper corrosion.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an intermediate of the herbicide benzothiazole, as well as a rubber promoter and intermediate.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is widely used in various rubbers.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has a rapid promoting effect on natural rubber and synthetic rubber usually vulcanized with sulfur.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is often used in combination with other accelerator systems, such as dithiocarbamate and tellurium dithiocarbamate, as accelerators for butyl rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used in combination with tribasic lead succinate, it can be used for light colored and water resistant chlorosulfonated polyethylene adhesive.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is easily dispersed and non polluting in rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an intermediate of promoters MZ, DM, NS, DIBS, CA, DZ, NOBS, MDB, etc.
For water treatment, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole's sodium salt is generally used.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is easy to be oxidized in water, such as chlorine, chloramine and chromate.
When chlorine is used as a bactericide, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole should be added first, and then the bactericide should be added to prevent it from being oxidized and losing its slow release effect.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can be made into an alkaline solution and used in conjunction with other water treatment agents.
The mass concentration used of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is usually 1-10mg/L.
When the pH value is below about 7, the minimum dose is 2mg/L.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used as an additive for bright sulfate copper plating, it has good leveling effect and can also be used as a brightener for cyanide silver plating.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used for tire manufacturing, rubber belt, rubber overshoes and other industrial rubber products accelerator currently and a medium fast primary accelerator.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole imparts excellent aging properties when used both alone and in combination with DM, TMTD and many other basic accelerators for higher activity. Its accelerative temperature is low and easily be dispersed with lower pollution.
ainly used in the manufacture of tires, tubes, foot wear rubber belts and hoses etc.


A white solid, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used in the sulfur vulcanization of rubber.
Using 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, rubber vulcanizes with less sulfur and at milder temperatures, both factors give a stronger product.
In polymerization, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole finds use as a radical polymerization inhibitor, chain transfer agent, reforming agent, and additive for photoinitiators.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has also been used in the past in the gold-mining industry for the froth flotation of gold from ore residue as part of the extraction process.
Sodium salt is used as a biocide and preservative in adhesives (especially based on latex, starch, casein, and animal glues), paper, textiles.


Often found together with sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate as e.g. Vancide 51.
Zinc salt is used as a secondary accelerator in latex foam vulcanization.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can be added to oil-based hydraulic fluids, heat-transfer fluids (oils, antifreezes), cutting fluids and other mixtures as a corrosion inhibitor, effective for copper and copper alloys.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used for tire manufacturing, rubber belt, rubber overshoes and other industrial rubber products accelerator currently and a medium fast primary accelerator.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is also used in veterinary dermatology.


In electroplating 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used as a brightener for copper sulfate baths, at about 50-100 milligrams/liter.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Inhibits dopamine beta-hydroxylase.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is an intermediate of the herbicide benzothiazide, as well as a rubber accelerator and its intermediate.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a general-purpose vulcanization accelerator widely used in various rubbers.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has a rapid promotion effect on natural rubber and synthetic rubber usually vulcanized with sulfur.
However, the use of zinc oxide, fatty acid and other activation is required.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is often used in combination with other accelerator systems, such as dithiothiuram and tellurium dithiocarbamate can be used as an accelerator for butyl rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used in combination with a tribasic lead maleate chemicalbook, can be used for light colors.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is water-resistant chlorosulfonated polyethylene compound.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is often used in combination with dithiocarbamate in latex, and can be vulcanized at room temperature when used with diethyldithiocarbamate diethylamine.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is easy to disperse in rubber and does not pollute.
However, due to its bitter taste, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is not suitable for food contact rubber products.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole with 1-amino-4-nitroanthraquinone and potassium carbonate in dimethyl Reflux in formamide for 3h to prepare dye-dispersed brilliant red S-GL.


This dye is used for dyeing polyester and its blended fabrics.
When 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used as an electroplating additive, it is also called acid copper plating brightener M, and it is used as a spreading brightener in bright copper plating with copper sulfate as the main salt.


In addition, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is also used to prepare pesticide fungicides, nitrogen fertilizer synergists, oil removal and lubrication additives, organic anti-ashing agents in photographic chemistry, metal corrosion inhibitors, etc.
In addition, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a reagent for chemical analysis.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has low toxicity and has a stimulating effect on the skin and mucous membranes.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (Benzothiazole-2-thiol, 2-MBT, Mercapto-2-benzothiazole) is an exceptionally potent inhibitor of banana polyphenoloxidase and can significantly delay the onset of substrate oxidation at concentrations as low as 100 nM.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been used in the synthesis of MBT functionalized mesoporous silica which can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can also be used as a: Reference compound in photocatalytic activity tests under UV or visible light irradiation.


Starting material for the synthesis of conjugates of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used for antitubercular activity studies.
Starting material for the synthesis of 4-thiazolidinones.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole MBT(M) (Refined) is a fast and nonpolluting accelerator suitable for rubbers and latex.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole's available as either as a light yellow powder or granule and can achieve good cold vulcanization when used together with secondary accelerator such as TMTD, TETD or DPG.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can impart anti-aging properties to vulcanized rubbers and is mainly used in the manufacturing of tires, adhesive tapes, rubber overshoes and other rubber products.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used Mining - Salts & Metals, Plastic, Resin & Rubber, Rubber Additives, Accelerators, Polymers.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is a general-purpose vulcanization accelerator and is widely used in various rubbers.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has a vulcanization-promoting effect on natural rubber and synthetic rubber which is usually vulcanized with sulfur.


However, activation of zinc oxide, fatty acid, etc. is required before use. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is often used in combination with other accelerator systems.
For example, in combination with dithiothiuram and bismuth dithiocarbamate, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can be used as a vulcanization accelerator for butyl rubber.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can be used together with tribasic cis-butyl succinate for use in light-colored, water-resistant chlorosulfonated polyethylene compounds.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is often used in combination with dithiocarbamate in latex.


When used in combination with diethyldithiocarbamate diethylamine, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can be vulcanized at room temperature.
2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is easily dispersed and not contaminated in rubber.
However, due to its bitter taste, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is not suitable for rubber products that come into contact with food.


The dye S-GL was prepared by refluxing 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with 1-amino-4-nitroindole and potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide for 3 h.
This dye is used for the dyeing of polyester and its blended fabrics.
When 2 mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used as an electroplating additive, it is also called an acid copper plating brightener.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used as a paving brightener when bright copper plating with copper sulfate as the main salt.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is mainly used as a brightener for bright copper sulfate.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has a good leveling effect.


2-Mercaptobenzothiazole can also be used as a brightener for cyanide silver plating.
After adding 0.5 g/L, the cathode polarization was increased.
Thereby, the silver ion crystals are aligned to form a bright silver plating layer.


In addition, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is also used in the preparation of pesticide fungicides, nitrogen fertilizer synergists, cut-off oils and lubricant additives, organic anti-ashing agents in photographic chemistry, metal corrosion inhibitors, and the like.



PROPERTIES OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is Light yellow or off-white powder, granules.
The relative density of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is 1.42(20%), the specific gravity is 1.49±0.03, the melting point is above 180.02~181.7℃
(For the industrial products, it is above 170.0℃).

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole will burn when meet with naked flame, the flash point is 515~520℃.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is easily soluble in acetic ether, acetone, soluble in dichloromethane, diethyl ether, some other organic solvent and alkali carbonate solution.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is slightly soluble in benzene. Insoluble in water and gasoline.
Lower explosion limit of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is 21g/m3.
The storage stability period of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is two years.



WHERE IS 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE FOUND?
You are most likely to contact 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole when using, wearing, or handling natural or synthetic rubber products at work or at home.
Work shoes and athletic shoes are often made with rubber components that contain mercaptobenzothiazole or related substances.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole may be used as anti-corrosion agent in cooling oils, drilling and cutting oils, antifreeze, and fungicides.



STRUCTURE OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
The molecule is planar with a C=S double bond, so the name mercaptobenzothiazole is a misnomer, a more appropriate name could be benzothiazoline-2-thione.
Solution measurements by NMR spectroscopy could not measure the presence of the thiol tautomer that the name implies, instead it exists as a thione/dithiocarbamate and the hydrogen appears on the nitrogen in the solid state, gas-phase, and in solution.

Theory indicates that the thione tautomer is about 39 kJ/mol lower in energy than the thiol, and a hydrogen-bonded dimer of the thione has even lower energy.
At alkaline pH greater than 7 the deprotonated thiolate form is most abundant.
A protonated form could not be observed in the pH range 2-11.



SYNTHESIS OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole has been produced by many methods.
The industrial route entails the high temperature reaction of aniline and carbon disulfide in the presence of sulfur, which proceeds by this idealized equation:
C6H5NH2 + CS2 + S → C6H4(NH)SC=S + H2S

The traditional route is the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and carbon disulfide:
C6H4(NH2)SH + CS2 → C6H4(NH)SC=S + H2S
This method was developed by the discoverer of the compound, A. W. Hoffmann.

Other routes developed by Hoffmann include the reactions of carbon disulfide with 2-aminophenol and of sodium hydrosulfide with chlorobenzothiazole.
Further synthetic advances were reported in the 1920s that included demonstration that phenyldithiocarbamates pyrolyze to benzothiazole derivative.



REACTIONS OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is insoluble in water but dissolves upon the addition of base, reflecting deprotonation.
Treatment with Raney nickel results in monodesulfurization, giving benzothiazole:

C6H4(NH)SC=S + Ni → C6H4(N)SCH + NiS
The benzo ring undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution at the position para to nitrogen.

Oxidation gives mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide.
This disulfide reacts with amines to give sulfenamide derivatives such 2-morpholinodithiobenzothiazole.
These compounds are used in sulphur vulcanization, where they act as accelerators.



WHAT IS 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE AND WHERE IS 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE FOUND?
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is used as an additive to rubber products such as shoes, gloves, undergarments, swimwear, clothing, condoms, diaphragms, medical devices, toys, tires and tubes.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole is also used in cutting oils, antifreeze mixtures, greases, adhesives, photographic film emulsions, detergents, and in veterinary products such as tick and flea powders and sprays.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
Chemical formula: C7H5NS2
Molar mass: 167.24 g·mol−1
Appearance: white solid
Melting point: 177–181 °C (351–358 °F; 450–454 K)
Molecular Weight: 167.3 g/mol
XLogP3: 2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 166.98634151 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass: 166.98634151 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area: 69.4Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 10
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 158
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Physical state: crystalline
Color: light yellow
Odor: pungent
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 177 - 181 °C - lit.
Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 260 °C Decomposes on heating.
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits:
Lower explosion limit: 15 %(V)
Flash point: 200 °C - closed cup - ISO 1523
Autoignition temperature: does not ignite
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: No data available
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: 0,118 g/l at 25 °C
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: 2,42 - Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: No data available
Density: 1,42 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Relative density: No data available
Relative vapor density: No data available

Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Dissociation constant: 7,03 at 20,5 °C
CAS number: 149-30-4
EC index number: 613-108-00-3
EC number: 205-736-8
Hill Formula: C₇H₅N S₂
Molar Mass: 167.25 g/mol
HS Code: 2934 20 20
Boiling point: >260 °C decomposes
Density: 1.42 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Explosion limit: 15 %(V)
Flash point: 200 °C
Ignition temperature: 465 °C
Melting Point: 177 - 181 °C
pH value: 7 (0.12 g/l, H₂O, 25 °C)
Vapor pressure: Bulk density: 390 kg/m3
Solubility: 0.12 g/l
Appearance: Light yellow or off-white powder or granule
Initial Melting Point(℃≥): 170

Molecular Formula: C7H5NS2
Molecular Weight: 167.25
Melting Point: 185°F / 85°C
Boiling Point: N/A
Flash Point: 500°F / 260°C
Appearance: pale yellow to tan crystalline powder (est)
Assay: 95.00 to 100.00
Food Chemicals Codex Listed: No
Soluble in: water, 120 mg/L @ 24C (exp)
Melting Point: 172.0°C to 182.0°C
Color: Yellow
Flash Point: 243°C
Infrared Spectrum: Authentic
Beilstein: 27, II, 233
Merck Index: 15, 5935
Solubility Information: yellow solution
Formula Weight: 167.24
Percent Purity: 97%
Physical Form: Powder
Chemical Name or Material: 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, 98%
Molecular Weight: 167.25100
Exact Mass: 167.25
EC Number: 205-736-8
HScode: 29342020

PSA: 79.93000
XLogP3: 2.58500
Appearance: 2-mercaptobenzothiazole is a pale yellow to tan crystalline powder with a disagreeable odor.
Density: 1.42 g/cm3
Melting Point: 180.2-181.7 °C
Boiling Point: 305ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 243ºC (dec.)
Refractive Index: 1.783
Water Solubility: Solubility in water, g/100ml at 20°C: 0.01 (very poor)
Storage Conditions: Store in a tightly closed container.
Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances.
Vapor Pressure: 0.000844mmHg at 25°C
Explosive limit: vol% in air: 15
Odor: Disagreeable odor
Taste: Bitter taste
Molecular Weight:167.3
XLogP3:2.4
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:1
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:2
Exact Mass:166.98634151
Monoisotopic Mass:166.98634151
Topological Polar Surface Area:69.4
Heavy Atom Count:10
Complexity:158
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes

Appearance :Powder
Physical State :Solid
Storage :Store at room temperature
Melting Point :177-181° C (lit.)
Boiling Point :>260° C (dec.)
Density :1.42 g/cm3 at 20° C
Appearance: complying
Identity (IR): complying
Assay (alkalimetric): Min. 98 %
Melting point: 178 - 181 °C
Colour of the solution: complying
Clearness of the solution: complying
Boiling Point/Range: No data available
Color: Light Yellow
Density: 1.42 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Flashpoint: 200 °C
Form: Powder
Grade: Indicators
Incompatible Materials: Oxidizing agents
Lower Explosion Limit: No data available
Melting Point/Range: 180-182 °C
Partition Coefficient: 2.42.7
Purity Percentage: 99.00
Purity Details: >=99.00%
Solubility in Water: 0.118 g/l (25 °C)
Upper Explosion Limit: No data available
Vapor Pressure: No data available
Viscosity: No data available
pH-Value: No data available
Storage Temperature: Ambient



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Consult a physician.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
After swallowing:
Immediately make victim drink water (two glasses at most).
Consult a physician.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Observe possible material restrictions.
Take up dry.
Dispose of properly.
Clean up affected area



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Suppress (knock down) gases/vapors/mists with a water spray jet.
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Safety glasses
*Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Wash and dry hands.
Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Splash contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0,11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
*Body Protection:
protective clothing
*Respiratory protection:
Recommended Filter type: Filter type P2
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE:
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Incompatible materials:
No data available



SYNONYMS:
1,3-Benzothiazole-2(3H)-thione
Mercapto-2-benzothiazole; 2-MBT
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
149-30-4
2-Benzothiazolethiol
Benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione
Captax
Benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol
Benzothiazolethiol
MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE
1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thiol
2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione
Benzothiazole-2-thiol
118090-09-8
Dermacid
2-MBT
Sulfadene
Kaptax
Mertax
Thiotax
Rokon
Rotax
Accelerator M
Vulkacit M
Ekagom G
Accel M
Mebetizole
Mebithizol
Kaptaks
Nuodeb 84
Soxinol M
Vulkacit Mercapto
Pneumax MBT
2-Mercaptobenzthiazole
Royal MBT
Mercaptobenzothiazol
Mercaptobenzthiazole
Vulkacit Mercapto/C
2-Mercptobenzothiazole
Pennac mbt powder
Benzothiazole-2-thione
2-Benzothiazolinethione
mebetizol
MBT
Nuodex 84
Usaf gy-3
Nocceler M
Usaf xr-29
Benzothiazole, mercapto-
1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl hydrosulfide
2-Benzothiazolyl mercaptan
2-Merkaptobenzotiazol
2-Merkaptobenzthiazol
AG 63
benzothiazolyl mercaptan
Perkacit MBT
2-thiobenzothiazole
3H-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thione
2-Benzothiazolethiol(9CI)
Mercaptobenzothiazole (VAN)
C7H5NS2
Caswell No. 541
2-sulfanyl-1,3-benzothiazole
pennac mbt
CHEBI:34292
Thiot ax
NCI-C56519
Accelerator mercapto
CCRIS 891
DTXSID1020807
2-Sulfanylbenzothiazole
HSDB 4025
2-Mercaptobenzothioazole
2-mercapto-benzothiazole
captax, zinc salt
NSC 2041
EINECS 205-736-8
captax, sodium salt
MFCD00005781
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051701
UNII-5RLR54Z22K
AI3-00985
5RLR54Z22K
NSC2041
1,3-benzothiazole-2(3H)-thione
NSC-2041
NCGC00091643-07
NCGC00091643-08
EC 205-736-8
DTXCID90807
2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, potassium salt
CAS-149-30-4
captax, potassium salt
2-Mercapto benzothiazole
captax, lead(+2) salt
captax, cobalt(+2) salt
captax, copper(+2) salt
captax, silver(+1) salt
captax, bismuth(+3) salt
captax, mercury (+2) salt
Drmacid
Sanceler M
Wobezit M
Nonflex NB
Oricel M
Captax MBT
Nocceler M-P
Sanceler M-G
2-Benzotiazoletiol
MBT, captax
2-benzothiazolthiol
benzothiazol-2-thiol
2-mercaptobenzotiazol
mercapto-benzothiazole
2-Benzothiazolethione
2-Benzotiazolinetiona
Vulkacit Mercapto/MG
2-mercaptobenzothiazol
Aero Promoter 412
2-mercapto-benzthiazole
Spectrum_001669
SpecPlus_000728
Vulkacit Mercapto MG/C
Aero 407
Vulkafil ZN 94TT01
155-04-4
57948-09-1
Spectrum2_001666
Spectrum3_001665
Spectrum4_000628
Spectrum5_001400
2(3H-Benzothiazolethione
1,3-benzotiazol-2-tiol
Mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-
2 (3H)-Benzotiazoltiona
2(3H)-Benzothiazoletione
2-mercaptano Benzotiazolil
1,3-benzotiazol-2-tiona
benzo[d]thiazole-2-thione
13-Benzothiazole-2-thiol
2-mercapto-1H-benzotiazol
Epitope ID:116044
Benzothiazole, 2-mercapto-
1 3-Benzothiazole-2-thiol
2-Benzothiazolethiol (8CI)
2-Mercapto-1H-benzothiazole
SCHEMBL23237
1 3-Benzothiazole-2-thione
1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thione
BSPBio_003449
KBioGR_001216
KBioSS_002149
BIDD:ER0373
DivK1c_006824
SPECTRUM1504225
2-MercaptobenzothiazoleDermacid
SPBio_001851
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, 97%
2-Sulphanyl-1,3-benzothiazole
CHEMBL111654
RU 3
155-04-4 (zinc salt)
MBT (vulcanization accelerator)
WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSH
2,3-Dihidrobenzotiazol-2-tiona
Vulkacit M, vulkacit merkapto/c
Benz-1 3-thiazolidine-2-thione
KBio1_001768
KBio2_002149
KBio2_004717
KBio2_007285
KBio3_002669
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT)
7778-70-3 (potassium salt)
C7-H5-N-S2
LS-61
2 3-Dihydrobenzothiazole-2-thione
2-Benzothiazolinethione (6CI7CI)
AMY23224
MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [HSDB]
2-Benzothiazolinethione (6CI 7CI)
Tox21_113450
Tox21_400016
1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl hydrosulphide
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [MI]
BDBM50444459
c1019
CCG-39092
DT 402
STK499589
MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [WHO-DD]
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [IARC]
AKOS000119128
AKOS002337495
1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl hydrosulfide #
CS-W017829
DB11496
FS-1801
HY-W017113
4162-43-0 (copper(+2) salt)
NCGC00091643-01
NCGC00091643-02
NCGC00091643-04
NCGC00091643-05
NCGC00091643-06
NCGC00091643-09
NCGC00091643-10
NCGC00091643-12
AC-11606
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [GREEN BOOK]
FT-0612758
FT-0699702
M0055
M0247
EN300-21479
D70518
F71266
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, technical, >=90% (T)
AB00053232-04
A808877
A927195
AE-641/31369054
Mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-
(2-Benzothiazolethiol)
Mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-
(2-Benzothiazolthiol)
Q904160
Q-200294
BRD-K55160477-001-02-1
BRD-K55160477-001-03-9
F3066-0005
Z104499140
27157-85-3
XO9
2-Benzothiazolethiol, MBT
2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione
2-Benzothiazolethiol
Accel M
Accelerator M
Benzothiazole, mercapto-
Benzothiazolethiol
Captax
Dermacid
Ekagom G
Kaptaks
Kaptax
Mebetizole
Mebithizol
Mercaptobenzothiazol
Mercaptobenzothiazole
Mercaptobenzthiazole
Mertax
MBT
Nuodeb 84
Pneumax MBT
Rotax
Royal MBT
Soxinol M
Thiotax
Vulkacit M
Vulkacit Mercapto
Vulkacit Mercapto/C
2-Benzothiazolinethione
2-Mercaptobenzthiazole
2-MBT
AG 63
Sulfadene
USAF GY-3
USAF XR-29
2-Mercptobenzothiazole
2-Merkaptobenzotiazol
2-Merkaptobenzthiazol
NCI-C56519
Pennac mbt powder
Rokon
Benzothiazole-2-thione
2-Benzothiazolyl mercaptan
Nocceler M
Accelerator Mercapto
Perkacit MBT
Benzothiazole, 2-mercapto-
1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thione
Benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT)
benzothiazole-2-thiol
2-Thiocarbamidothiophenol
2-Benzothiazolethiol
2-Benzothiazolthiol
2-MBT
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
MBT
Mercapto(2-)Benzothiazole
Mercaptobenzothiazole
2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione
2-Benzothiazolethiol
2-Benzothiazolinethione
Captax
MBT
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
2-Mercaptobenzthiazole
Mertax
Nuodeb 84
Rotax
Royal MBT
Thiotax
Mercaptobenzothiazole
Pneumax MBT
Mercaptobenzthiazole
Soxinol M
Vulkacit Mercapto
Ekagom G
Vulkacit M
Kaptax
Dermacid
Accelerator M
Kaptaks
2-MBT
Mebetizole
Mebithizol
Vulkacit Mercapto/C
Accel M
2-Benzothiazolyl mercaptan
Nocceler M
MBT (vulcanization accelerator)
Aero Promoter 412
Sanceler M
Vulkacit Mercapto/MG
2,3-Dihydrobenzothiazole-2-thione
Mebetizol
Wobezit M
Nonflex NB
Benz-1,3-thiazolidine-2-thione
1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thione
Vulkafil ZN 94TT01
2-Sulfanylbenzothiazole
Nocceler M-P
Perkacit MBT
1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thiol
NSC 2041
Vulkacit Mercapto MG/C
Aero 407
Sanceler M-G
Benzothiazolethiol
Benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol
2-Mercapto-1H-benzothiazole
Oricel M
RU 3
Captax MBT
DT 402
OCID
M 2
M 2 (rust inhibitor)
accelerator MBT
NB
Rubator MBT
MBT-2
Accelerant M
Rhenogran MBT 80
MBT 80
2,3-Dihydro-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thione
2-Mercaptobenzo[d]thiazole
Rhenogran MBT
1321-08-0
4464-58-8
12640-90-3
55199-93-4
81605-65-4
112242-83-8
119170-41-1
885216-62-6
2213445-86-2
MBT
Mercaptobenzothiazole
2-Benzothiazolethione
2-Benzothiazolethiol
Benzothiazole-2-thione
2-Benzothiazolethiol
Mercapto-2 benzothiazole
Benzothiazole-2-thiol
Benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione
MBT



2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE (MBT)
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is a slightly foul odor and bitter taste, non-poisonous.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is easy to soluble in ethyl acetone, acetone, a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be soluble in ethyl alcohol, not easily soluble in benzene, and insoluble in water and gasoline.

CAS Number: 149-30-4
Molecular Formula: C7H5NS2
Molecular Weight: 167.25
EINECS Number: 205-736-8

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is a rubber chemical, an accelerant of vulcanization.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is contained in the "mercapto mix".
The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, building industries, and shoemakers.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in cutting fluids or in releasing fluids used in the pottery industry.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is a 1,3-Benzothiazole substituted at the 2-position with a sulfanyl group.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used as a vulcanisation accelerator in the crosslinking of rubber.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) pale yellow monoclinic needle-like or flaky crystals with a disagreeable odor.
Insoluble in water and gasoline, soluble in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone, ethyl acetate, benzene, chloroform and dilute alkali solution.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C7H5NS2.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is a member of the benzothiazole class of organic compounds and is known for its applications in various industries.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H4(NH)SC=S. A white solid, it is used in the sulfur vulcanization of rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)s are an important class of bioactive and industrially important organic compounds.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is produced by reacting aniline, carbon disulfide, and sulfur at high temperature and pressure; the product is then purified by dissolution in a base to remove the dissolved organics.
Re-precipitation is achieved by the addition of acid (Kirk-Othmer, 1982; NTP, 1988).
Refined 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) was produced by recrystallization from 2-mercaptobenzothiazole with industrial grade and oxidized to 2,2'-dithiobis(benzothiazole), using oxygen as an oxidant, nitric oxide as a oxygen carrier and alcohols as solvents, in a circulating fluidized reactor under one-step oxidation.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) was thus obtained with high purity up to 99 %, melting point at 183 oC, high yield over 98 %, through the optimization of reaction parameters as reaction time, temperature, reactants ratio, with less waste generation and emission during the production process.
Alcohol solvents can be reused after purification.
The molecule is planar with a C=S double bond, so the name 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is a misnomer, a more appropriate name could be benzothiazoline-2-thione.

Solution measurements by NMR spectroscopy could not measure the presence of the thiol tautomer that the name implies, instead it exists as a thione/dithiocarbamate and the hydrogen appears on the nitrogen in the solid state, gas-phase, and in solution.
Theory indicates that the thione tautomer is about 39 kJ/mol lower in energy than the thiol, and a hydrogen-bonded dimer of the thione has even lower energy.
At alkaline pH greater than 7 the deprotonated thiolate form is most abundant.

A protonated form could not be observed in the pH range 2-11.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been produced by many methods.
The industrial route entails the high temperature reaction of aniline and carbon disulfide in the presence of sulfur, which proceeds by this idealized equation:
C6H5NH2 + CS2 + S → C6H4(NH)SC=S + H2S

The traditional route is the reaction of 2-aminothiophenol and carbon disulfide:
C6H4(NH2)SH + CS2 → C6H4(NH)SC=S + H2S
This method was developed by the discoverer of the compound, A. W. Hoffmann.

Other routes developed by Hoffmann include the reactions of carbon disulfide with 2-aminophenol and of sodium hydrosulfide with chlorobenzothiazole.
Further synthetic advances were reported in the 1920s that included demonstration that phenyldithiocarbamates pyrolyze to benzothiazole derivative.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been used in the synthesis of MBT functionalized mesoporous silica which can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is found widely in a variety of rubber articles in the modern environment both at home and at work.
Examples of such articles are rubber tires and tubes for car, rubber boots and shoes, rubber soles, gloves, garden hoses, elastic and rubberized clothing such as brassieres, girdles, support stockings, swimwear, swim caps and elastic bands as well as in rubber pillows, sponge makeup applicators, toys, balloons, baby bottle nippers, latex condoms, examination and surgical gloves, dental dams and rubber handles on tools such as tennis racquets and golf club handles.
Industrially 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is found in rubber products such as the lining for fuel tanks, caulking, electrical cords, plugs, gas masks, safety goggles, conveyor belts, shock absorbers, springs, mats, aprons, earphones, stethoscopes, rubber bands, erasers, rubber sheeting, non-slip waistbands, mattresses and anti-slip carpet backing.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also found in glue for leather and plastic, cutting oils, antifreeze, greases, anticorrosive agents, detergents, cements and adhesives, fungicides, veterinary tick and flea sprays and powders and film emulsions.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an organosulfur compound with the formula C6H4NSCSH.
The molecule consists of a benzene ring fused to a 2-Mercaptothiazole ring.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) chemical has a slightly foul odor and bitter taste, non-poisonous.
Easily soluble in ethyl acetone, acetone, a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide and sodium carbonate, soluble in ethyl alcohol, not easily soluble in benzene, and insoluble in water and gasoline.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is light yellow monoclinic needle or leaf crystal or powder.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is still soluble in glacial acetic acid, alkali and carbonate solution, but insoluble in water.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has a bitter, unpleasant odor.
As a general vulcanization accelerator, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is widely used in various rubber.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can promote the vulcanization of natural rubber and synthetic rubber vulcanized with sulfur.
However, zinc oxide and fatty acid are needed to be activated before use.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is often used in combination with other accelerator systems, such as thiourea thiuram and tellurium dithiocarbamate, as vulcanization accelerators for butyl rubber, and with lead trisalt maleate, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be used in light water-resistant chlorosulfonated polyethylene compound.

In the latex, it is often used with dithiocarbamate, but 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be vulcanized at room temperature when it is used with diethyldithiocarbamate diethylamine.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is easy to disperse in rubber and does not pollute.
But because of its bitter taste, it is not suitable for rubber products in food contact.

Promoter M is the intermediate of promoter MZ, DM, NS, DIBS, CA, DZ, NOBS, MDB, etc. 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and 1-amino-4-nitroanthraquinone and potassium carbonate can be refluxed in dimethylformamide for 3 hours to produce dye Disperse brilliant red S-GL.
This dye is used for dyeing polyester and its blended fabrics.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also called acid copper plating brightener M when it is used as electroplating additive.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used as paving brightener when copper sulfate is used as main salt for copper plating.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also used to produce pesticide fungicides, nitrogen fertilizer synergists, cutting oil and lubricating additives, organic ashing inhibitors in photographic chemistry, metal corrosion inhibitors, etc.
Moreover, it 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) also a reagent for chemical analysis.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is low toxic and has irritating effect on skin and mucosa.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used as a sensitive reagent and rubber accelerator for the determination of gold, bismuth, cadmium, cobalt, mercury, nickel, lead, thallium and zinc.
As the most famous China 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) supplier in China, Fengchen Group’s Product is well packed with the newest and the safest package.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is mainly used in manufacturing tyres, inner tubes, belts, rubber shoes and other industrial rubber products.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is one of the effective corrosion inhibitors for copper or copper alloy.
When the cooling system contains copper equipment and a certain amount of copper ions in raw water, this product can be added to prevent copper corrosion.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an intermediate of herbicide benzothiazole, and also a rubber accelerator and its intermediate.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an organic compound that belongs to the family of benzothiazoles.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has the molecular formula C7H5NS2 and a molecular weight of 167.25 g/mol.MBT is used in the production of rubber and latex as a vulcanization accelerator, which means it helps to speed up the process of crosslinking the polymer chains in rubber and latex to make them more durable and resistant to heat, chemicals, and other environmental factors.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also used in the manufacture of various other products, such as pesticides, water treatment chemicals, and corrosion inhibitors.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also employed as an accelerator in the synthesis of various chemicals, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) facilitates certain chemical reactions by increasing the rate at which they occur.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been investigated for its biocidal properties.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may exhibit fungicidal and bactericidal activities, and as a result, it has found applications in some biocidal formulations.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been used as a copper corrosion inhibitor.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can form complexes with copper ions, helping to prevent corrosion in systems where copper is present.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) serves as a building block or intermediate in the synthesis of other organic compounds.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is thiol group makes it reactive and useful in various chemical transformations.

Like many chemical compounds, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) should be handled with care. It can cause skin and eye irritation, and prolonged or repeated exposure may lead to sensitization.
Safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, are recommended when working with MBT.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)s are subject to regulations and guidelines regarding its production, handling, and disposal.

Compliance with safety data sheets (SDS) and relevant regulations is important to ensure workplace safety and environmental protection.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is one of the earliest and most widely used vulcanization accelerators in the rubber industry.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) promotes the cross-linking of polymer chains during vulcanization, leading to the formation of a network structure in rubber, which imparts improved mechanical properties.

In the vulcanization process, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) participates in the formation of sulfur cross-links between polymer chains.
The thiol (mercapto) group in MBT reacts with sulfur, contributing to the creation of a stronger and more durable rubber matrix.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is synthesized industrially, and its production involves reactions between aniline, carbon disulfide, and sulfur.

The resulting compound is then used as an accelerator in various industrial processes.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) tends to have a moderate rate, providing a good balance between processing time and the development of desirable rubber properties.
This characteristic makes it suitable for a range of rubber applications.

The use of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) in rubber formulations can influence the aging properties of the final product.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is known for its resistance to heat and aging, contributing to the longevity of rubber goods.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is employed in the manufacturing of various rubber products, including tires, belts, hoses, shoe soles, and other molded rubber items.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is role in vulcanization enhances the performance and durability of these products.
In certain applications, there may be concerns about the migration of MBT from rubber products.
Migration of chemicals from rubber articles to external surfaces or to other materials in contact with rubber can be a consideration in specific applications, such as in food packaging.

Ongoing research in the rubber industry explores alternative accelerators with improved safety profiles and reduced environmental impact.
This is part of a broader effort to develop sustainable and eco-friendly rubber processing techniques.

Melting point: 177-181 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: 223°C (rough estimate)
Density: 1.42
vapor pressure: refractive index: 1.6100 (estimate)
Flash point: 243 °C
storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
solubility: 0.12g/l
form: Powder
pka: 9.80±0.20(Predicted)
color: Yellow
PH: 7 (0.12g/l, H2O, 25℃)
Odor: Odorless
explosive limit 15%(V)
Water Solubility: Sensitive: Air Sensitive
λmax: 325nm(MeOH)(lit.)
Merck: 14,5868
BRN: 119484
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Flammable.
InChIKey: YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: 2.86

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is insoluble in water but dissolves upon the addition of base, reflecting deprotonation.
Treatment with Raney nickel results in monodesulfurization, giving benzothiazole:
C6H4(NH)SC=S + Ni → C6H4(N)SCH + NiS

The benzo ring undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution at the position para to nitrogen.
Oxidation gives mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide.
This disulfide reacts with amines to give sulfenamide derivatives such 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT).

These compounds are used in sulphur vulcanization, where they act as accelerators.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) in contact with your skin may result in dermatitis.
Brief or occasional contact may not pose a problem.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an additive used as an accelerator in the manufacture of both natural and synthetic rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an effective copper or copper alloy corrosion inhibitor.
When the cooling system contains copper equipment and raw water contains a certain amount of copper ions, it can be added to prevent copper corrosion.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also an intermediate of the herbicide benzothiachlor.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is often used in combination with other accelerators in rubber formulations to achieve specific curing characteristics and optimize the properties of the final product.
Combinations with accelerators like sulfenamides or thiurams are common.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is employed in latex compounding, contributing to the vulcanization of latex-based products.
Latex formulations, which include liquid rubber, are used in the production of items such as gloves, foams, and adhesives.
The effectiveness of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) as an accelerator can be influenced by the pH of the rubber compound.

In some cases, pH adjustments may be necessary to optimize the vulcanization process.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is compatible with many rubber polymers, it may not be suitable for all types.
In some instances, alternative accelerators are chosen based on the specific requirements of the polymer and the intended application.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), particularly in combination with secondary amines, has been associated with the potential formation of nitrosamines.
Nitrosamines are compounds that can be carcinogenic, and efforts are made to minimize their formation in rubber products.
The production and use of MBT have raised environmental concerns due to its persistence and potential impact on ecosystems.

Efforts are ongoing to develop alternative accelerators that are more environmentally friendly.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) involves the reaction of aniline with carbon disulfide and sulfur.
The resulting compound is then used as an accelerator in various applications, as mentioned earlier.

Industries using 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) need to be aware of and comply with regulations regarding its production, handling, and disposal.
Regulatory standards may vary by country, and adherence to these standards is critical for workplace safety and environmental protection.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is predominantly known for its role in the rubber industry, it may find applications in other industries, such as in certain chemical processes and as a chemical intermediate.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is known for its effectiveness at relatively low vulcanization temperatures.
This characteristic can be advantageous in certain applications where high temperatures during processing are a concern.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be influenced by factors such as temperature and exposure to air.

Proper storage conditions, including avoiding prolonged exposure to air and maintaining a cool, dry environment, contribute to preserving its shelf life.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used as an accelerator in the vulcanization of specialty rubbers, including butyl rubber and neoprene.
The choice of accelerator depends on the specific properties required for the end-use application.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) contributes to the curing characteristics of rubber compounds, influencing parameters such as scorch time, cure time, and the rate of vulcanization.
These factors are crucial for controlling the processing of rubber products.
Analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography, are employed to determine residual accelerators, including 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), in rubber products.

This is important for quality control and ensuring compliance with safety standards.
In certain dynamic applications, such as high-speed tire applications, the use of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may face challenges due to its potential to generate heat during vulcanization.
Tire manufacturers may explore alternative accelerators for such applications.

Industries may explore alternative accelerators or make adjustments to formulations to address specific challenges associated with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), such as concerns about nitrosamine formation or environmental impact.
Regulatory trends in the chemical and rubber industries may influence the use of certain compounds.
For instance, regulatory restrictions on certain substances may drive the exploration of alternative accelerators or modification of formulations.

Ongoing research focuses on developing safer and more sustainable vulcanization systems.
This includes the exploration of alternative accelerators and the development of processes with reduced environmental impact.

Uses:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an industrial chemical that is used principally in the manufacture of rubber.Vulcanization accelerator for type of rubber usually used in the production of household rubber gloves rather than medical rubber gloves; corrosion inhibitor in metal-working fluids, detergents, antifreeze, and photographic emulsions.
In addition, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is formed as a reaction product from some vulcanisation accelerators in elastomer production.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is an accelerator, retarder, and peptizer for natural and other rubber products, but is also used as a corrosion inhibitor in soluble cutting oils and antifreeze mixtures; in greases, adhesives, photographic-film emulsions; detergents; veterinary products, such as tick and flea powders and sprays.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is added to polyether polymers as a stabilizer to resist damage by air and ozone, and is a component approved in the USA in some skin medications for dogs (HSDB, 2015).
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also used as an intermediate in the production of pesticides such as 2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole (Azam & Suresh, 2012), and sodium and zinc salts of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) are approved for use as pesticides by the EPA (1994).

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is extensively used in the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is mainly used to manufacture rubber tires, rubber belts, rubber shoes, and other technical rubber goods.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is primarily used as a rubber vulcanization accelerator.

In the vulcanization process, sulfur compounds are added to rubber to cross-link the polymer chains, leading to improved strength, elasticity, and other desirable properties.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) promotes the vulcanization reaction, enhancing the efficiency of the process.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), rubber vulcanizes with less sulfur and at milder temperatures, both factors give a stronger product.

In polymerization, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) finds use as a radical polymerization inhibitor, chain transfer agent, reforming agent, and additive for photoinitiators.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has also been used in the past in the gold-mining industry for the froth flotation of gold from ore residue as part of the extraction process.
Other release to the environment of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)).

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used in the following products: polymers.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products.
Other release to the environment of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).

Release to the environment of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures, formulation in materials, in the production of articles, as processing aid and as processing aid.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been used in the synthesis of MBT functionalized mesoporous silica which can be used as an adsorbent for the removal of Hg(II) from aqueous solution.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can also be used as a:Reference compound in photocatalytic activity tests under UV or visible light irradiation.Starting material for the synthesis of conjugates of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) for antitubercular activity studies.

This chemical is used as an additive to rubber products such as shoes, gloves, undergarments, swimwear, clothing, condoms, diaphragms, medical devices, toys, tires and tubes.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also used in cutting oils, antifreeze mixtures, greases, adhesives, photographic film emulsions, detergents, and in veterinary products such as tick and flea powders and sprays.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used in the following products: polymers and biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products).
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates).
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products, plastic products, fabricated metal products and.
Release to the environment of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in the production of articles, as processing aid, as processing aid and formulation in materials.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) using mercaptobenzothiazole, rubber vulcanizes with less sulfur and at milder temperatures.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used as a cooling tower biocide.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) chemical has also been used in the gold-mining industry to “float” the gold from ore residue as part of the extraction process.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is a Hemi-ultra accelerator extensively used in the vulcanization of natural and synthetic rubbers.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is mainly used to manufacture rubber tires, rubber belts, rubber shoes, and other technical rubber goods.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also used to prepare pesticide fungicides, nitrogenous fertilizer synergists, cutting oil and lubricating additives, photographic chemistry in the machine anti ash agent, metal corrosion inhibitors, etc.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also a reagent used in chemical analysis.

The primary and most significant use of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is as a vulcanization accelerator in the rubber industry.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) promotes the cross-linking of polymer chains during the vulcanization process, resulting in improved mechanical properties of rubber, such as strength, elasticity, and heat resistance.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is commonly used in the production of tires, belts, hoses, shoe soles, and various other rubber products.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is employed as an accelerator in the synthesis of various chemicals, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) facilitates specific chemical reactions by increasing reaction rates.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been used as a copper corrosion inhibitor.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can form complexes with copper ions, helping to prevent corrosion in systems where copper is present.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been investigated for its biocidal properties.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may exhibit fungicidal and bactericidal activities, leading to its use in some biocidal formulations.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used in latex compounding, contributing to the vulcanization of latex-based products.
Latex formulations, which include liquid rubber, are used in the production of items such as gloves, foams, and adhesives.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) serves as a chemical intermediate in the synthesis of other organic compounds.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is thiol (mercapto) group makes it reactive and useful in various chemical transformations.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used as a biocide and preservative in adhesives (especially based on latex, starch, casein, and animal glues), paper, textiles.
Often found together with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) as e.g. Vancide 51. Zinc salt is used as a secondary accelerator in latex foam vulcanization.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be added to oil-based hydraulic fluids, heat-transfer fluids (oils, antifreezes), cutting fluids and other mixtures as a corrosion inhibitor, effective for copper and copper alloys.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is also used in veterinary dermatology.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is used as a brightener for copper sulfate baths, at about 50-100 milligrams/liter. Also can be added to silver cyanide baths.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may find applications in the adhesive industry, where it can be used to accelerate the curing or cross-linking of rubber-based adhesives.
This property is beneficial in the production of durable and high-performance adhesives.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) might be incorporated into polymer blends and composites to modify the curing characteristics and improve the overall performance of the resulting materials.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is reactivity makes it a valuable component in certain polymer formulations.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can act as a catalyst or accelerator to facilitate reactions that lead to the production of specific organic compounds.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is role in chemical synthesis extends beyond rubber-related applications.

In the manufacturing of vibration control products, such as mounts and isolators, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may be used to enhance the properties of rubber components.
The vulcanization process improves the durability and performance of these products.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is often employed in research and development efforts within the rubber and chemical industries.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) serves as a reference or benchmark accelerator in studies aimed at developing new rubber formulations or exploring alternative accelerators.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may find applications in the textile industry, particularly in the production of rubberized fabrics.
The vulcanization process enhances the strength and resilience of rubber-coated textiles used in various applications.

Certain rubber components used in the oil and gas industry, such as seals and gaskets, may undergo vulcanization with accelerators like 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT).
This is to ensure that these rubber parts can withstand the demanding conditions encountered in oil and gas applications.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) need to adhere to regulatory standards and guidelines related to its production, handling, and disposal.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)might be used to enhance the properties of retreaded tires.
Vulcanization during retreading is crucial for maintaining the performance and safety of the tire.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may be used in the formulation of metalworking fluids to inhibit the corrosion of copper components.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) acts as a corrosion inhibitor in such applications.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may find applications in the construction industry, particularly in the production of rubberized materials used for seals, gaskets, and other components in construction projects.
The vulcanization process enhances the durability and performance of these rubber products.

In the manufacturing of foam rubber products, such as cushions and padding,
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) may be used as an accelerator in the vulcanization process to impart the necessary properties for comfort and resilience.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be used in the footwear industry to accelerate the vulcanization of rubber soles and components.

This ensures the production of durable and long-lasting footwear, particularly in the case of shoe soles.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is often used as a model compound in research studies focused on understanding the vulcanization mechanisms in rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) serves as a representative example in investigations into the complex chemistry of rubber curing.

Rubber components used in the automotive industry, such as seals, gaskets, and engine mounts, may undergo vulcanization with accelerators like 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT).
This is to enhance the mechanical properties and longevity of these components.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can be employed in the modification of certain polymers to enhance their properties.

This may include the improvement of thermal stability, mechanical strength, or other characteristics in specific applications.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has been investigated for its potential role as a corrosion inhibitor.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) can form complexes with metal ions and contribute to reducing corrosion in certain systems.

Ongoing research focuses on developing sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives to traditional rubber accelerators like 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT).
The aim is to reduce the environmental impact of rubber processing.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), such as footwear and consumer goods, must adhere to regulatory standards to ensure the safety of consumers.

Compliance with regulations is essential, especially in applications where there is direct contact with end-users.
Rubber components in agricultural equipment, such as conveyor belts and seals, may undergo vulcanization using accelerators like 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT).
This ensures that the rubber parts can withstand the harsh conditions of agricultural operations.

Health Hazard:
Thiazoles cause allergic skin reactions of type IV.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
The physiologic effect of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity.

Safety Profile:
Suspected carcinogen withexperimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data.
Poisonby ingestion and intraperitoneal routes.
Experimentalteratogenic and reproductive effects.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has a low toxicity in mice, with LD50 of >960 mg/kg.
Studies have identified it as a potential human carcinogen.
In 2016, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) was identified by the World Health Organization as probably carcinogenic to humans.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) causes allergic contact dermatitis.
The derivative morpholinylmercaptobenzothiazole is a reported allergen in protective gloves, including latex, nitrile, and neoprene gloves.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) becomes air-borne as a result of wear on car tires, and is able to be inhaled.

Toxicology:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) has a sensitizing effect, and with chronic exposure (e.g., through the use of rubber gloves) it may induce skin reactions.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)displays teratogenic effects in humans, and it is suspected of being a carcinogen.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) derivatives influence cell division, and have been employed as cytostatic agents.

They have been found to be teratogenic in animal studies.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)s, which are used as herbicides, are only slightly toxic.
Similar values have been established for a 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) that is the active ingredient in the herbicide Sencor.

Synonyms:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
149-30-4
2-Benzothiazolethiol
Benzo[d]thiazole-2(3H)-thione
Captax
Benzothiazolethiol
Benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol
MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE
1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thiol
2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione
Dermacid
Benzothiazole-2-thiol
Sulfadene
118090-09-8
2-MBT
Thiotax
Kaptax
Mertax
Rokon
Rotax
Accelerator M
Vulkacit M
Ekagom G
Accel M
Mebetizole
Mebithizol
Kaptaks
Nuodeb 84
Soxinol M
Vulkacit Mercapto
Pneumax MBT
2-Mercaptobenzthiazole
Royal MBT
Mercaptobenzothiazol
Mercaptobenzthiazole
Vulkacit Mercapto/C
2-Mercptobenzothiazole
Pennac mbt powder
mebetizol
Benzothiazole-2-thione
2-Benzothiazolinethione
Nuodex 84
Usaf gy-3
Nocceler M
Usaf xr-29
MBT
Benzothiazole, mercapto-
2-Benzothiazolyl mercaptan
2-Merkaptobenzotiazol
2-Merkaptobenzthiazol
1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl hydrosulfide
benzothiazolyl mercaptan
AG 63
Caswell No. 541
2-sulfanyl-1,3-benzothiazole
Perkacit MBT
CHEBI:34292
3H-1,3-benzothiazole-2-thione
2-Benzothiazolethiol(9CI)
NCI-C56519
Mercaptobenzothiazole (VAN)
CCRIS 891
DTXSID1020807
HSDB 4025
NSC 2041
EINECS 205-736-8
UNII-5RLR54Z22K
Accelerator mercapto
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051701
5RLR54Z22K
AI3-00985
2-Mercaptobenzothioazole
2-mercapto-benzothiazole
NSC-2041
MFCD00005781
1,3-Benzothiazole-2-thione
DTXCID90807
2-Sulphanyl-1,3-benzothiazole
NSC2041
EC 205-736-8
1,3-benzothiazole-2(3H)-thione
1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl hydrosulphide
NCGC00091643-07
NCGC00091643-08
Kaptax [Czech]
2-thiobenzothiazole
2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, potassium salt
C7H5NS2
pennac mbt
Thiot ax
Sanceler M
Wobezit M
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE (IARC)
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [IARC]
Nonflex NB
captax, zinc salt
CAS-149-30-4
captax, sodium salt
2-Merkaptobenzthiazol [Czech]
2-Merkaptobenzotiazol [Polish]
Vulkacit Mercapto/MG
Aero Promoter 412
captax, potassium salt
2-Sulfanylbenzothiazole
2-Mercapto benzothiazole
Vulkafil ZN 94TT01
captax, lead(+2) salt
captax, cobalt(+2) salt
captax, copper(+2) salt
captax, silver(+1) salt
captax, bismuth(+3) salt
captax, mercury (+2) salt
Drmacid
MBT (vulcanization accelerator)
Skin Balm
MBT, captax
2-benzothiazolthiol
mercapto-benzothiazole
2-Benzothiazolethione
2-mercaptobenzothiazol
2-mercapto-benzthiazole
Spectrum_001669
SpecPlus_000728
155-04-4
Spectrum2_001666
Spectrum3_001665
Spectrum4_000628
Spectrum5_001400
2(3H)-Benzothiazoletione
Epitope ID:116044
Benzothiazole, 2-mercapto-
SCHEMBL23237
BSPBio_003449
KBioGR_001216
KBioSS_002149
Sulfodene Medication for Dogs
BIDD:ER0373
DivK1c_006824
SPECTRUM1504225
2-MercaptobenzothiazoleDermacid
SPBio_001851
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, 97%
CHEMBL111654
155-04-4 (zinc salt)
WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSH
Vulkacit M, vulkacit merkapto/c
KBio1_001768
KBio2_002149
KBio2_004717
KBio2_007285
KBio3_002669
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (2-MBT)
7778-70-3 (potassium salt)
AMY23224
MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [HSDB]
Tox21_113450
Tox21_400016
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [MI]
BDBM50444459
c1019
CCG-39092
MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [WHO-DD]
AKOS000119128
AKOS002337495
1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yl hydrosulfide #
CS-W017829
DB11496
FS-1801
HY-W017113
4162-43-0 (copper(+2) salt)
BENZ-1,3-THIAZOLIDINE-2-THIONE
NCGC00091643-01
NCGC00091643-02
NCGC00091643-04
NCGC00091643-05
NCGC00091643-06
NCGC00091643-09
NCGC00091643-10
NCGC00091643-12
AC-11606
2,3-DIHYDROBENZOTHIAZOLE-2-THIONE
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [GREEN BOOK]
FT-0612758
FT-0699702
M0055
M0247
EN300-21479
D70518
F71266
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, technical, >=90% (T)
AB00053232-04
A808877
A927195
AE-641/31369054
Q904160
Q-200294
BRD-K55160477-001-02-1
BRD-K55160477-001-03-9
F3066-0005
Z104499140
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULFIDE (MBTS)
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is a useful compound in the rubber industry as a vulcanization accelerator.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS), also known as 2,2'-Dibenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) or 2,2'-benzothiazyl disulphide, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.

CAS Number: 120-78-5
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4
Molecular Weight: 332.49
EINECS Number: 204-424-9

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) can be used as accelerator for general rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is also used as plasticizer in chloroprene rubbes1.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) was marketed to the rubber industry under the tradename Altax(TM) by the R. T. Vanderbilt Company, Inc. and was originally developed for safe processing of rubber compounds cured at above 142° C.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is widely used in compounds of all types for many major commercial applications.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) may be carcinogenic for human.
The mortality and cancer morbidity experience of a cohort of 363 male production workers exposed to MBT while employed at a chemical factory in north Wales showed a significant excess mortality for cancers of the large intestine.

These are organic compounds containing a benzene fused to a thiazole ring (a five-membered ring with four carbon atoms, one nitrogen atom and one sulfur atom).
Based on a literature review very few articles have been published on 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS).
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) has been identified in human blood as reported by (PMID: 31557052 ).

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen.
The physiologic effect of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is by means of Increased Histamine Release, and Cell-mediated Immunity2.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is industry uses also include fillers, fuels and fuel additives, intermediates, process regulator, propels and blowing agents.

The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and building industries.
Technically 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is part of the human exposome.
The exposome can be defined as the collection of all the exposures of an individual in a lifetime and how those exposures relate to health.

An individual's exposure begins before birth and includes insults from environmental and occupational sources.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is approved for use within allergenic epicutaneous patch tests which are indicated for use as an aid in the diagnosis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) in persons 6 years of age and older.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to achieve synergistic effects.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is commonly paired with primary accelerators like sulfenamides or thiurams to enhance the efficiency of the vulcanization process.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is primarily known for its role in the rubber industry, it has also found applications in other areas.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is sometimes used as a fungicide and biocide in agriculture and as a reagent in organic synthesis.
Regulations regarding the use, handling, and disposal of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) may vary by region.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS)'s important for industries and individuals working with MBTS to be aware of and comply with relevant safety and environmental regulations.

In some cases, alternative accelerators may be used instead of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS), depending on specific requirements and considerations.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is usage includes tires, hoses, rubber mats, tarpaulins, unveiled silk goods, wires, cables, and other ‘non-food’ use of rubber products.
Further research may identify additional product or industrial usages of this chemical.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is a Standardized Chemical Allergen as labeled by US Food and Drug Administration and can cause an allergic contact dermatitis.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is physiologic effect is by means of increased histamine release, and cell-mediated immunity.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is a rubber chemical used as a vulcanization accelerant.

As with any chemical, it is important to consider the environmental impact of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS).
Efforts are often made to minimize the release of chemicals into the environment and to explore environmentally friendly alternatives in the manufacturing processes.
Ongoing research and development efforts in the field of rubber chemistry aim to improve the efficiency of vulcanization processes and reduce the environmental impact of rubber production.

This includes exploring new accelerators and formulations that provide enhanced performance with fewer environmental concerns.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) undergoes reactions during the vulcanization process.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) linkage in MBTS can break, leading to the formation of reactive sulfur species.

These reactive sulfur species participate in cross-linking reactions with polymer chains, contributing to the formation of a network structure in vulcanized rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is compatible with a variety of rubber polymers, including natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), butyl rubber (IIR), and others.
The choice of accelerator can influence the properties of the final rubber product.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is known for its relatively moderate vulcanization rate.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to control the vulcanization process and achieve the desired balance of processing time and properties in the finished rubber product.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is not a naturally occurring metabolite and is only found in those individuals exposed to this compound or its derivatives.

Like many chemical compounds, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight and incompatible substances.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is essential to follow proper storage guidelines to maintain its stability and effectiveness.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is produced on a commercial scale, and there is global trade in this chemical.
Different manufacturers may produce MBTS, and it may be available under various brand names.
Ongoing research in the field of rubber additives and accelerators includes the development of novel compounds with improved performance, reduced toxicity, and enhanced environmental sustainability.

Vulcanization is a crucial process that imparts desirable properties such as strength, elasticity, and heat resistance to rubber products.
The optimal dosage of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) in rubber formulations depends on various factors, including the type of rubber, the presence of other accelerators or additives, and the desired properties of the final product.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) formulations are carefully designed to meet specific performance requirements.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) influences the cure characteristics of rubber compounds.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) affects parameters such as scorch time, cure time, and cure rate, which are critical in determining the processing window during manufacturing.
The vulcanization mechanism involves the cleavage of the sulfur-sulfur (S-S) bonds in 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS), generating reactive sulfur species.

These reactive species form cross-links between polymer chains, transforming the rubber from a thermoplastic to a thermosetting material.
Researchers explore ways to optimize vulcanization processes and improve the overall efficiency of rubber manufacturing.
Individuals working with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) should be aware of safety guidelines, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and adherence to occupational exposure limits.

Safety data sheets (SDS) provided by manufacturers contain important information regarding the safe handling, storage, and disposal of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS).
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is classified as a thiazole accelerator and is widely used in the rubber industry to accelerate the vulcanization of rubber compounds.

Melting point: 177-180 °C (lit.)
Boiling point: 532.5±33.0 °C(Predicted)
Density: 1.5
vapor pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
refractive index: 1.5700 (estimate)
Flash point: 271°C
storage temp.: Keep in dark place,Sealed in dry,Room Temperature
solubility: 0.01g/l
form: powder to crystal
pka: -0.58±0.10(Predicted)
color: Cream to pale-yellow powder
Odor: gray-wh. to cream powd. or pellets, sl. odor
Water Solubility: Merck: 14,3370
LogP: 4.5 at 20℃

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) need to be aware of and comply with regulations related to its production, handling, and disposal.
This includes the use of personal protective equipment, proper ventilation, and adherence to recommended exposure limits.
The handling and disposal of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) should be in accordance with relevant regulations and guidelines to minimize potential health and environmental risks.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) during rubber vulcanization enhances various physical properties of the final product, including tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, and resistance to abrasion and aging.
While 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) offers many benefits in rubber processing, there can be challenges associated with its use, such as the possibility of over-vulcanization, which may lead to reduced flexibility.
Balancing the concentration of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) and other additives is crucial to achieving the desired performance characteristics.

Regulatory standards may vary by country, and 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS)'s essential to follow industry best practices to ensure safety and environmental responsibility.
An organic disulfide resulting from the formal oxidative coupling of the thiol groups of two molecules of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS).
Accelerators are substances that, when added to rubber, increase the speed of vulcanization and improve the properties of the final product.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) facilitates the formation of sulfur cross-links between polymer chains in the rubber.
This cross-linking creates a three-dimensional network within the rubber matrix, imparting desirable properties such as increased strength, elasticity, and resistance to heat and aging.
The rubber industry relies on various accelerators, and 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is often used in combination with other accelerators to achieve specific performance characteristics in the final rubber product.

The choice of accelerator depends on factors such as the type of rubber being used, the desired properties of the finished product, and the processing conditions.
As with any chemical substance, safety precautions should be taken when handling 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS).
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used as an accelerator in the rubber industry.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) of the mercaptobenzothiazole group is used as a vulcanization accelerant.
The most frequent occupational categories are metal industry, homemakers, health services and laboratories, and the building industry.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is a non-staining, primary thiazole accelerator for use in natural and synthetic rubbers.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is very active at temperatures above 280°F.
Activation requires the addition of zinc oxide, a fatty acid and sulfur for cure development.
Secondary accelerators used in conjunction with 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) such as aldehyde amines, dithiocarbamates, guanidines, and thiurams will increase cure rates.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is also used as a retarder in polychloroprene cure systems, as well as a retarder for peroxide cures.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) and BBTS are often employed in tire vulcanization cure systems.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is a chemical compound that belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzothiazoles.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is commonly used as an accelerator in the rubber industry, particularly in the production of tires.

Uses:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is primarily used as a rubber vulcanization accelerator in the production of tires and other rubber products.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator used in the processing process for natural and synthetic rubber and plastic regeneration.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is also a known allergen and dermatological sensitizer.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products.

Other release to the environment of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment) and indoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. release from fabrics, textiles during washing, removal of indoor paints).
The vulcanization process is essential for transforming raw rubber into a more durable and elastic material, suitable for various applications.
In the context of rubber recycling, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) and other accelerators used in the original rubber formulation can affect the reprocessing of rubber materials.

The presence of these additives may influence the properties of recycled rubber products.
Ongoing research focuses on developing sustainable alternatives to traditional rubber accelerators, including 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS).
This involves exploring eco-friendly options that maintain or enhance performance while reducing environmental impact.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) plays a role in quality control in rubber manufacturing.
Monitoring and adjusting the concentration of accelerators, including 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS), is critical to ensuring consistent product quality and performance.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) may be incorporated into rubber composite materials, where rubber is combined with other materials to create composites with specific properties.

This can be relevant in industries such as automotive, construction, and aerospace.
In research and development within the rubber and polymer industries, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) may be utilized as a reference or benchmark accelerator in studies investigating new formulations, curing systems, or alternative accelerators.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS), along with other accelerators, may be used in the production of rubber soles for shoes.

Vulcanization improves the durability and wear resistance of the rubber, making it suitable for use in footwear.
In some adhesive formulations, particularly those involving rubber bonding, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) might be employed to modify curing characteristics and enhance the performance of the adhesive.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is a crucial component in rubber vulcanization.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) accelerates the cross-linking of polymer chains in the rubber matrix, leading to the formation of a three-dimensional network.
This network structure enhances the mechanical properties of rubber, including strength, elasticity, and resistance to wear and aging.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is commonly employed in the production of tires.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) has the potential to combat HPV, acting as a zinc-ejecting inhibitor.
The vulcanization process, facilitated by 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS), is essential for transforming raw rubber into a durable and resilient material suitable for use in vehicle tires.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the manufacturing of various rubber products, including hoses, belts, seals, gaskets, and other molded rubber items.
The improved properties obtained through vulcanization contribute to the longevity and performance of these products.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) has been used as a biocide and fungicide in agriculture.

However, its primary and more significant application remains in the rubber industry.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) may find applications in organic synthesis for the preparation of certain organic compounds.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) also can act as radical polymerization photo-initiators or co-initiators.

Other release to the environment of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials), outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)) and indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment).
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is an accelerator for natural rubber, nitrile-butadiene, butyl and styrene-butadiene rubber; a retarder for chloroprene rubber.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used as rubber accelerator, polychloroprene plasticizer/retarder, and neoprene retarder; Also used for general mechanicals and white stocks.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) may find applications in the textile industry, particularly in the production of rubberized fabrics and materials where vulcanization is required for improved strength and resilience.
In certain oil and gas applications, rubber components such as seals and gaskets may be vulcanized using accelerators like 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) to withstand harsh environmental conditions.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) usage is subject to regulatory compliance and standards in the industries where it is employed.
Compliance with regulations ensures the safety of workers, consumers, and the environment.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is widely used, industries are constantly exploring alternative accelerators and formulations to meet specific requirements, improve processing efficiency, and address environmental concerns.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers and adhesives and sealants.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following areas: formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used for the manufacture of: rubber products and plastic products.
Release to the environment of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) can occur from industrial use: in the production of articles, as processing aid, formulation in materials and as processing aid.
The vulcanization process involving 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is known for providing rubber products with good temperature stability.

This is essential for applications where the material will be exposed to varying temperatures or extreme conditions.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS)s that require enhanced vibration damping properties, such as mounts and isolators in automotive applications, can benefit from the use of MBTS in the vulcanization process.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is often included in tire tread compounds to improve wear resistance and traction.

The vulcanization process strengthens the rubber, making it suitable for the demanding conditions experienced by vehicle tires.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) adhere to industry standards and specifications to ensure the compatibility and performance of rubber products.
Standards may vary, and compliance with these standards is crucial for product reliability and safety.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is part of the global supply chain for rubber additives, and its availability can be influenced by factors such as raw material sourcing, manufacturing processes, and market demand.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used as cure modifier for neoprene type W and as oxidation cure activator in butyl; Used for extruded and molded products, tires, tubes, wire, cable, and sponge; [Hawley] Workers may be exposed in metals, home, health, laboratory, and building industries.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is used in the following products: polymers.
Other release to the environment of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is likely to occur from: indoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. flooring, furniture, toys, construction materials, curtains, foot-wear, leather products, paper and cardboard products, electronic equipment), outdoor use in long-life materials with low release rate (e.g. metal, wooden and plastic construction and building materials) and outdoor use in long-life materials with high release rate (e.g. tyres, treated wooden products, treated textile and fabric, brake pads in trucks or cars, sanding of buildings (bridges, facades) or vehicles (ships)). This substance can be found in complex articles, with no release intended: vehicles, machinery, mechanical appliances and electrical/electronic products (e.g. computers, cameras, lamps, refrigerators, washing machines) and electrical batteries and accumulators. This substance can be found in products with material based on: rubber (e.g. tyres, shoes, toys).

Safety Profile:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) slightly toxic by ingestion.Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is important to use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and safety goggles when handling MBTS.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) dust or vapors may cause respiratory irritation.
Adequate ventilation should be provided in areas where MBTS is used, and respiratory protection should be employed if necessary.

Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenicdata.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) is generally considered to have low acute toxicity, exposure to high concentrations or large amounts may have adverse effects.
When heated todecomposition 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) emits ver.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Disulfide (MBTS) may cause irritation to the skin and eyes upon contact.
Direct skin contact or exposure to airborne particles can lead to irritation, redness, or discomfort.

Synonyms:
120-78-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole
Thiofide
Dibenzothiazyl disulfide
Benzothiazyl disulfide
Altax
Benzothiazole disulfide
MBTS
Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM
Bis(2-benzothiazyl) disulfide
Pneumax DM
Vulcafor MBTS
Dibenzoylthiazyl disulfide
Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
Dibenzothiazolyl disulphide
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE
Bis(2-benzothiazolyl) disulfide
Ekagom GS
Accel TM
2-Benzothiazolyl disulfide
Vulkacit DM/C
1,2-bis(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
Royal MBTS
Benzothiazole, 2,2'-dithiobis-
Dibenzthiazyl disulfide
MBTS rubber accelerator
dibenzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
Vulkacit dm/mgc
2,2'-Dibenzothiazolyl disulfide
2-Benzothiazyl disulfide
2,2'-Bis(benzothiazolyl) disulfide
2-Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
BTS-SBT
Di-2-benzothiazolyl disulfide
2,2-dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
Mercaptobenzthiazyl ether
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazole
Naugex MBT
Benzothiazole, dithiobis-
USAF CY-5
2,2'-Dithiobis(1,3-benzothiazole)
USAF EK-5432
CHEBI:53239
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu
Benzothiazol-2-yl disulfide
di(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
2,2'-Dithiobis-benzothiazole
2,2'-Dithiobis[benzothiazole]
NSC-2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazoyl disulfide
DTXSID1020146
BI-87F4
6OK753033Z
NCGC00091238-02
DTXCID70146
Caswell No. 408A
NSC 2
2,2'-Dibenzothiazyldisulfide
CAS-120-78-5
Benzthiazole disulfide
CCRIS 4637
HSDB 1137
Di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Dwusiarczek dwubenzotiazylu [Polish]
EINECS 204-424-9
EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 009202
BRN 0285796
Mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide
AI3-07662
2,2'-Dithio(bis)benzothiazole
Sanceler DM
UNII-6OK753033Z
Perkacit MBTS
DBTD
dibenzothiazyl disulphide
Dibenzothiazole disulfide
dibenzo thiazyl disulfide
NSC2
Epitope ID:138947
Mercaptobenzothiazolyl ether
2,2'-dithiobisbenzthiazole
EC 204-424-9
Benzothiazole,2'-dithiobis-
Mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide
SCHEMBL23527
4-27-00-01862 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
2,2'-Dithio-bis-benzothiazole
2,2?-Dithiobis(benzothiazole)
CHEMBL508112
di(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
bis(benzothiazole-2-yl)disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl)disulphide
Di-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-disulfide
Bis(benzothiazole-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulfide
bis-(benzothiazol-2-yl) disulphide
Tox21_111106
BDBM50444458
MFCD00022874
MBTS (2,2'-Dithiobisbenzothiazole)
AKOS001022311
BIS(2-BENZOTHIAZYL) DISULPHIDE
Tox21_111106_1
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZOLE DISULFIDE
2,2'-Dithiobis(benzothiazole), 99%
AM91095
CS-W009852
DB14201
NSC-677459
1,2-di(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)disulfane
DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [VANDF]
NCGC00091238-01
NCGC00091238-03
2,2'-DITHIOBISBENZOTHIAZOLE [MI]
AC-11588
LS-14263
WLN: T56 BN DSJ CSS-CT56 BN DSJ
D0538
FT-0609300
2,2'-DIBENZOTHIAZYL DISULFIDE [HSDB]
D77699
EN300-7399114
SR-01000944767
2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yldithio)-1,3-benzothiazole
Q2795423
SR-01000944767-1
W-200947
Z56754489
F0900-0449
2-(1,3-Benzothiazol-2-yldisulfanyl)-1,3-benzothiazol
2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE ZINC SALT ( ZMBT)
DESCRIPTION:
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt ( ZMBT) can be dispersed easily in water using common dispersing agents.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) can also be used in dry rubber compounds as semi ultra accelerator.


CAS: 155-04-4
European Community (EC) Number: 205-840-3
Molecular Formula: C14H8N2S4Zn
IUPAC Name:zinc;1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate


SYNONYMS OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE ZINC SALT (ZMBT):
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt ,155-04-4,Bantex,2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt,OXAF,Zinc 2-benzothiazolethiolate,Zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazolate,2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLEZINCSALT,2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, zinc salt,Zenite,Zetax,Zenite special,ZINC MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE,Vulkacit ZM,Hermat Zn-mbt,Pennac ZT,ZnMB,HMM5IX9Q3B,Tisperse MB-58,ZMBT,zinc bis(1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate),2,Mercaptobenzothiazole, zinc,Zinc benzothiazolethiolate,USAF GY-7,Zinc mercaptobenzothiazolate,Zinc benzothiazolylmercaptide,Bis(2-benzothiazolylthio)zinc,Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt,Zinc benzothiazol-2-ylthiolate,Zinc benzothiazyl-2-mercaptide,Zinc mercaptobenzothiazole salt,Zinc bis(mercaptobenzothiazole),Bis(mercaptobenzothiazolato)zinc,Zinc bis(2-mercaptobenzothiazole),Zinc, bis(2-benzothiazolethiolato)-,2-Benzothiazolethiol, zinc salt (2:1),Caswell No. 917,NSC-285168,UNII-HMM5IX9Q3B,2-Benzothiazolethiol zinc salt,HSDB 5419,Bis(benzothiazole-2-thiolato)zinc,EINECS 205-840-3,EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 051705,EC 205-840-3,SCHEMBL410383,DTXSID6020808,zinc;1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiolate,Zinc(II) benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiolate,NSC 285168,ZINC MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE [HSDB],CS-0188512,Z0033,2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, zinc salt (2:1),E77122,zinc(2+) bis((1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)sulfanide),Q27094435 , 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione,zinc salt (2:1);2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione,zinc salt;Benzothiazole,2-mercapto-,zinc salt;2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt;OXAF;Pennac ZT;Tisperse MB 58;Zenite;Zenite Special;Zetax;Zinc mercaptobenzothiazolate;2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt ;Zinc mercaptobenzothiazole;ZMBT;Zinc benzothiazolylmercaptide;Zinc 2-benzothiazolethiolate;Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt;Bis(2-benzothiazolylthio)zinc;Zinc benzothiazol-2-ylthiolate;Zinc mercaptobenzothiazole salt;Zinc bis(mercaptobenzothiazole);Bis(mercaptobenzothiazolato)zinc;Zinc bis(2-mercaptobenzothiazole);Zinc benzothiazolethiolate;2-Benzothiazolethiol zinc salt;Hermat Zn-MBT;Vulkacit ZM;Bis(benzothiazole-2-thiolato)zinc;Soxinol MZ;Nocceler MZ;Sanceler MZ;Perkacit ZMBT;MZ;Accelerator MZ;Curekind ZMBT 15;Zinc 2(3H)-benzothiazolethione;96380-91-5;12564-44-2;16529-10-5, ZMBT; Bantex; Zinc Salt of 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, Zetax; 2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione, zinc salt; Benzothiazolethiol, zinc salt; ZNMB; Zinc Bis(mercaptobenzothiazole); Benzothiazolethione, zinc salt; Zinc 2-mercaptobenzothiazolate; Zinc benzothiazolethiolate; Zinc benzothiazolylmercaptide; Zinc Bis(mercaptobenzothiazole); Zinc mercaptobenzothiazole;



Sulfur combines with nearly all elements.
Sulfur forms ring and chain structures as it is the second only to carbon in exhibiting catenation.
The 8-membered ring and shorter chain structure of sulfur molecule is important in vulcanization process which individual polymers are linked to other polymer molecules by atomic bridges.


This process produces thermoset materials which are cross-linked and irreversible substances.
The term thermoplastic is for high molecular weight polymers which can undergo melting-freezing cycle.
Thermosets are not melted and re-molded on heating after cured.

The split of sulfur 8-membered ring structure into shorter chains provides rubber vulcanization process.
The split are liked with cure sites (some of the solid bonds in the molecule) on rubber molecules, resulting in forming sulfur bridges typically between 2 and 10 atoms long.

Vulcanization makes rubber harder, more durable and more resistant to heating, aging and chemical attacks.
The number of sulfur atoms in the sulfur bridges varies physical properties of the end products.
Short bridges containing one or two sulfur atoms offer heat resistance and long bridges offer flexible property.

Vulcanization can also be accomplished with certain peroxides, gamma radiation, and several other organic compounds.
The principal classes of peroxide cross-linking agents are dialkyl and diaralkyl peroxides, peroxyketals and peroxyesters.
Other vulcanizing agents include amine compounds for the cross-linking of fluorocarbon rubbers, metal oxides for chlorine-containing rubbers (notably zinc oxide for chloroprene rubber) and phenol-formaldehyde resins for the production of heat-resistant butyl rubber vulcanizates.

Accelerator, in the rubber industry, is added with a curing agent to speed the vulcanization.
Accelerators contain sulfur and nitrogen like derivatives of benzothiazole and thiocarbanilides.
The popular accelerators are sulfenamides (as a delayed-action accelerators), thiazoles, thiuram sulfides, dithocarbamates and guanidines.


There are some types of rubber accelerators.
They are used in combination with each other in accordance with vulcanizing and/or acid-base conditions.
Some examples classified by chemical structure are as below;

Thiazole
• 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (CAS #: 149-30-4)
• Dibenzothiazole disulfide (CAS #: 120-78-5)
• 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Zinc salt (CAS #: 155-04-4)


Sulphenamide
• N-Cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CAS #: 95-33-0)
• N-Oxydienthylene-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CAS #: 102-77-2)
• N-tert-butyl-2-benzothiazyl sulfenamide (CAS #: 95-31-8)


Guanidine
• Diphenyl guanidine (CAS #: 102-06-7)
• Di-o-tolylguanidine (CAS #: 97-39-2)


Thiuram
• Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (CAS #: 137-26-8)
• Tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (CAS #: 97-77-8)
• Tetramethyl thiuram monosulfide (CAS #: 97-74-5)
• Isobutyl thiuram disulfide (CAS #: 3064-73-1)
• Tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide (CAS #: 10591-85-2)
• Dipentamethylene thiuramtetrasulfide (CAS #: 120-54-7)


Dithiocarbamate
• Zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 137-30-4)
• Zinc diethyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 14324-55-1)
• Zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 136-23-2)
• Zinc N-ethyl-dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 14634-93-6)
• Zinc dibenzyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 14726-36-4)
• Copper dimethyl dithiocarbamate (CAS #: 137-29-1)


Thiourea
• Ethylene thiourea (CAS #: 96-45-7)
• N,N'-Diethylthiourea (CAS #: 105-55-5)
• N-N'-Diphenylthiourea (CAS #: 102-08-9)




APPLICATIONS OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE ZINC SALT (ZMBT):
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) is a semi-ultrafast accelerator widely used in NR/SBR latex compounds along with Qureacc ZDC/ZDBC.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) improves state of cure in NR based compounds even at 120oC and also improves ageing properties.

2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) can be dispersed easily in water using common dispersing agents.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) can also be used in dry rubber compounds as semi ultra accelerator.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) in combination with Qureacc ZDC at 1 phr levels is widely used in NR/SBR latex compounds for the manufacture of latex threads, foams and dipped goods.

It's main application is in sulfur cured latex as a secondary accelerator in combination with Zinc Diethyldithiocarbamate or Zinc Dimethyldithiocarbamate.
Higher moduli in latex films are obtained than Dithiocarbamates alone and a better compression set resistance in latex foam can be achieved without increasing the cure time.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) is used also as an fast accelerator in dry rubber applications (almost similar to 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, but with a slight scorch improvement).




USES OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE ZINC SALT (ZMBT):
The zinc salt of 2-thiol benzothiazole has the characteristics of fast vulcanization acceleration, low vulcanization flatness and no early vulcanization during mixing.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) is widely used in the rubber processing industry and is an indispensable high-efficiency rubber for natural rubber and synthetic rubber.
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole zinc salt (ZMBT) is used as Vulcanization accelerator.




CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE ZINC SALT (ZMBT)
Molecular Weight
397.9 g/mol
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count
0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count
6
Rotatable Bond Count
0
Exact Mass
395.886175 g/mol
Monoisotopic Mass
395.886175 g/mol
Topological Polar Surface Area
84.3Ų
Heavy Atom Count
21
Formal Charge
0
Complexity
129
Isotope Atom Count
0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count
0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count
0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count
3
Compound Is Canonicalized
Yes
Melting point, 330 °C
Density, 1.7 g/cm3(Temp: 25 °C)
storage temp., Refrigerator
solubility, Acidic Methanol (Slightly, Heated)
form, Solid
pka, 7.03[at 20 ℃]
color, White to Off-White
Water Solubility, 20.6mg/L at 20℃
LogP, 2.42 at 20℃
Molecular Weight:
397.88
Exact Mass:
395.886169
EC Number:
205-840-3
UNII:
HMM5IX9Q3B
DSSTox ID:
DTXSID6020808
Color/Form:
LIGHT YELLOW POWDER
HScode:
2934999090
PSA:
132.86000
XLogP3:
5.70290
Appearance:
DryPowder; Liquid
Density:
1.7 g/cm3 @ Temp: 25 °C
Melting Point:
330 °C
Boiling Point:
281.3ºC at 760 mmHg
Toxicity:
Oral-rat LD50: 540 mg/kg; Abdominal cavity-mouse LD50: 200 mg/kg
Flammability characteristics:
Flammable; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and zinc oxide fumes
Molecular Weight:397.9
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:6
Exact Mass:395.886175
Monoisotopic Mass:395.886175
Topological Polar Surface Area:84.3
Heavy Atom Count:21
Complexity:129
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:3
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
Molecular Formula, C14H8N2S4Zn
Molar Mass, 397.88
Density, 1.7 g/cm3(Temp: 25 °C)
Melting Point, 330 °C
Water Solubility, 20.6mg/L at 20℃
Solubility, Acidic Methanol (Slightly, Heated)
Appearance, Solid
Color, White to Off-White
pKa, 7.03[at 20 ℃]
Storage Condition, Refrigerator
Use, Used as natural rubber, General synthetic rubber and latex accelerator



SAFETY INFORMATION ABOUT 2-MERCAPTOBENZOTHIAZOLE ZINC SALT (ZMBT):
First aid measures:
Description of first aid measures:
General advice:
Consult a physician.
Show this safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
Move out of dangerous area:

If inhaled:
If breathed in, move person into fresh air.
If not breathing, give artificial respiration.
Consult a physician.
In case of skin contact:
Take off contaminated clothing and shoes immediately.
Wash off with soap and plenty of water.
Consult a physician.

In case of eye contact:
Rinse thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes and consult a physician.
Continue rinsing eyes during transport to hospital.

If swallowed:
Do NOT induce vomiting.
Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person.
Rinse mouth with water.
Consult a physician.

Firefighting measures:
Extinguishing media:
Suitable extinguishing media:
Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas

Advice for firefighters:
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.
Accidental release measures:
Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Use personal protective equipment.

Avoid breathing vapours, mist or gas.
Evacuate personnel to safe areas.

Environmental precautions:
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste.
Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handling and storage:
Precautions for safe handling:
Avoid inhalation of vapour or mist.

Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.
Containers which are opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage.
Storage class (TRGS 510): 8A: Combustible, corrosive hazardous materials

Exposure controls/personal protection:
Control parameters:
Components with workplace control parameters
Contains no substances with occupational exposure limit values.
Exposure controls:
Appropriate engineering controls:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.

Personal protective equipment:
Eye/face protection:
Tightly fitting safety goggles.
Faceshield (8-inch minimum).
Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).

Skin protection:
Handle with gloves.
Gloves must be inspected prior to use.
Use proper glove
removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product.
Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices.
Wash and dry hands.

Full contact:
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
Splash contact
Material: Nitrile rubber
Minimum layer thickness: 0.11 mm
Break through time: 480 min
Material tested:Dermatril (KCL 740 / Aldrich Z677272, Size M)
It should not be construed as offering an approval for any specific use scenario.

Body Protection:
Complete suit protecting against chemicals, The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.
Respiratory protection:
Where risk assessment shows air-purifying respirators are appropriate use a fullface respirator with multi-purpose combination (US) or type ABEK (EN 14387) respirator cartridges as a backup to engineering controls.

If the respirator is the sole means of protection, use a full-face supplied air respirator.
Use respirators and components tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or CEN (EU).
Control of environmental exposure
Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so.
Do not let product enter drains.
Discharge into the environment must be avoided.

Stability and reactivity:
Chemical stability:
Stable under recommended storage conditions.
Incompatible materials:
Strong oxidizing agents:
Hazardous decomposition products:
Hazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions.
Carbon oxides, Nitrogen oxides (NOx), Hydrogen chloride gas.

Disposal considerations:
Waste treatment methods:
Product:
Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company.
Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material.
Contaminated packaging:
Dispose of as unused product





2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
2-Ethylcaproic acid; alpha-Ethylcaproic acid; Ethylhexanoic acid; Butyl(ethyl)acetic acid; 3-Heptanecarboxylic acid; cas no :149-57-5
2-MERCAPTOETHANOL
2-Mercaptoethanol Properties of 2-Mercaptoethanol Chemical formula C2H6OS Molar mass 78.13 g·mol−1 Odor Disagreeable, distinctive Density 1.114 g/cm3 Melting point −100 °C (−148 °F; 173 K) Boiling point 157 °C; 314 °F; 430 K log P -0.23 Vapor pressure 0.76 hPa (at 20 °C) 4.67 hPa (at 40 °C) Acidity (pKa) 9.643 Basicity (pKb) 4.354 Refractive index (nD) 1.4996 Production of 2-Mercaptoethanol 2-Mercaptoethanol is manufactured industrially by the reaction of ethylene oxide with hydrogen sulfide. Thiodiglycol and various zeolites catalyze the reaction. Reaction of ethylene oxide with hydrogen sulfide to form 2-mercaptoethanol in the presence of thiodiglycol as solvent and catalyst. Reactions of 2-Mercaptoethanol 2-Mercaptoethanol reacts with aldehydes and ketones to give the corresponding oxathiolanes. This makes 2-mercaptoethanol useful as a protecting group, giving a derivative whose stability is between that of a dioxolane and a dithiolane. Reaction scheme for the formation of oxathiolanes by reaction of 2-mercaptoethanol with aldehydes or ketones. Applications of 2-Mercaptoethanol Reducing proteins Some proteins can be denatured by 2-mercaptoethanol, which cleaves the disulfide bonds that may form between thiol groups of cysteine residues. In the case of excess 2-mercaptoethanol, the following equilibrium is shifted to the right: RS–SR + 2 HOCH2CH2SH ⇌ 2 RSH + HOCH2CH2S–SCH2CH2OH Reaction scheme for the cleavage of disulfide bonds by 2-mercaptoethanol By breaking the S-S bonds, both the tertiary structure and the quaternary structure of some proteins can be disrupted. Because of its ability to disrupt the structure of proteins, it was used in the analysis of proteins, for instance, to ensure that a protein solution contains monomeric protein molecules, instead of disulfide linked dimers or higher order oligomers. However, since 2-mercaptoethanol forms adducts with free cysteines and is somewhat more toxic, dithiothreitol (DTT) is generally more used especially in SDS-PAGE. DTT is also a more powerful reducing agent with a redox potential (at pH 7) of −0.33 V, compared to −0.26 V for 2-mercaptoethanol. 2-Mercaptoethanol is often used interchangeably with dithiothreitol (DTT) or the odorless tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) in biological applications. Although 2-mercaptoethanol has a higher volatility than DTT, it is more stable: 2-mercaptoethanol's half-life is more than 100 hours at pH 6.5 and 4 hours at pH 8.5; DTT's half-life is 40 hours at pH 6.5 and 1.5 hours at pH 8.5. Preventing protein oxidation 2-Mercaptoethanol and related reducing agents (e.g., DTT) are often included in enzymatic reactions to inhibit the oxidation of free sulfhydryl residues, and hence maintain protein activity. It is often used in enzyme assays as a standard buffer component. Denaturing ribonucleases 2-Mercaptoethanol is used in some RNA isolation procedures to eliminate ribonuclease released during cell lysis. Numerous disulfide bonds make ribonucleases very stable enzymes, so 2-mercaptoethanol is used to reduce these disulfide bonds and irreversibly denature the proteins. This prevents them from digesting the RNA during its extraction procedure. Safety of 2-Mercaptoethanol 2-Mercaptoethanol is considered toxic, causing irritation to the nasal passageways and respiratory tract upon inhalation, irritation to the skin, vomiting and stomach pain through ingestion, and potentially death if severe exposure occurs. Molar Mass: 78.13 g/mol CAS #: 60-24-2 Hill Formula: C₂H₆OS Chemical Formula: HSCH₂CH₂OH EC Number: 200-464-6 General description of 2-Mercaptoethanol 2-mercaptoethanol is a thiol compound, commonly used as a reducing agent in organic reactions. Packaging 1, 2.5 L in glass bottle 10, 100, 250, 500 mL in glass bottle Application 2-mercaptoethanol is widely used for retarding oxidation of biological compounds in solution. Description of 2-Mercaptoethanol Gibco 2-Mercaptoethanol (also known as beta-mercaptoethanol or BME) is a potent reducing agent used in cell culture media to prevent toxic levels of oxygen radicals. 2-Mercaptoethanol is not stable in solution, so most protocols require daily supplementation. Gibco 2-Mercaptoethanol contains 2-mercaptoethanol at a concentration of 55 mM in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS). hipping Condition: Room Temperature Cell Type: Mammalian Form: Liquid Reagent Type: Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline Shelf Life: 36 Months Solution Type: 2-Mercaptoethanol pH: 6 to 8 Product Type: Supplement Description of 2-Mercaptoethanol Thermo Scientific Pierce 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME), also called beta-mercaptoethanol (b-ME), is a mild reducing agent for cleaving protein disulfide bonds. Features of 2-mercaptoethanol: • Also known as β-mercaptoethanol, beta-mercaptoethanol, bME, b-ME • Mild but effective reducing agent, often included in enzyme solutions to protect against catalytic site inactivation due to cysteine sulfhydryl oxidation/disulfide formation; added at final concentrations of 5 and 20 mM, with or without EDTA, as an additional protectant About 2-mercaptoethanol 2-mercaptoethanol is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 1 000 to < 10 000 tonnes per annum. 2-mercaptoethanol is used by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing. Consumer Uses ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which 2-mercaptoethanol is most likely to be released to the environment. Article service life ECHA has no public registered data on the routes by which 2-mercaptoethanol is most likely to be released to the environment. ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or into which articles the substance might have been processed. Widespread uses by professional workers 2-mercaptoethanol is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and laboratory chemicals. 2-mercaptoethanol is used in the following areas: health services and scientific research and development. Other release to the environment of 2-mercaptoethanol is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners). Formulation or re-packing ECHA has no public registered data indicating whether or in which chemical products the substance might be used. Release to the environment of 2-mercaptoethanol can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures. Uses at industrial sites 2-mercaptoethanol is used in the following products: pH regulators and water treatment products and metal surface treatment products. 2-mercaptoethanol has an industrial use resulting in manufacture of another substance (use of intermediates). 2-mercaptoethanol is used in the following areas: mining and formulation of mixtures and/or re-packaging. 2-mercaptoethanol is used for the manufacture of: chemicals. Release to the environment of 2-mercaptoethanol can occur from industrial use: as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates), in processing aids at industrial sites, as processing aid and as processing aid. Manufacture Release to the environment of 2-mercaptoethanol can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance. Base-catalyzed cleavage of epoxides with hydrogen sulfide gives mercaptoalcohols. Symmetrical bis(1-hydroxyalkyl) sulfides are formed as byproducts. Inorganic bases, amines and anion exchange resins, zeolites, or guanidine can be used as catalysts. In industry, preparation of mercaptoethanol by addition of H2S to ethylene oxide is catalyzed by either a cation exchange resin or the byproduct thiodiglycol. Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of 2-mercaptoethanol. The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of 2-mercaptoethanol stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact), exposure to this water-white liquid, with a strong disagreeable odor, may occur from its use as a solvent for dyestuffs and as a chemical intermediate in the production of pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, flotation agents, biochemical reagents, insecticides, plasticizers, reducing agents, PVC stabilizers, and agricultural chemicals. Effects from exposure may include irritation of the eyes, nose, and skin, headache, dizziness, urinary disturbances, pulmonary edema, and respiratory distress or failure. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, and protective clothing. If contact should occur, irrigate exposed eyes with copious amounts of tepid water for at least 15 minutes, and wash exposed skin thoroughly with soap and water. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be removed at the site. While 2-mercaptoethanol does not ignite easily, it may burn with the production of poisonous gases. For fires involving this substance, extinguish withdry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, or regular foam. Small spills of this substance may be taken up with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and placed into containers for later disposal. Large spills should be diked far ahead of the spill for later disposal. A reduction in SCE frequency was observed when cells were cultured with 20 microM 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME )and IL-2 compared to interleukin-2 (IL-2) alone. Three nuclear proteins, with relative molecular masses of approximately 13,000-18,000, 20,000, and 80,000, were phosphorylated in IL-2-exposed G1-phase nuclei. Elicitation of these nuclear proteins in IL-2-exposed cells was not affected by exposure to 2-ME. 2-Mercaptoethanol induced arteriosclerosis and endothelial cell cytotoxicity in baboons were inhibited by sulfinpyrazone. Acute Exposure/ 2-Mercaptoethanol applied undiluted to the rabbit eye is toxic to the conjunctiva and causes long-lasting moderately severe corneal opacity. Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ Female RLEF1/Lati rats were chronically treated with 2-mercaptoethanol in a dose of 13 micrograms/100 g bw-1/day-1 dissolved in drinking water. During a 48-h experiment 15N-labelled glycine was given orally in a dose of 5 mg 15N.kg bw-1 and urine samples were collected and analysed by an emission spectrometric isotope method. Protein synthesis and nitrogen excretion rate constants were calculated according to the three-pool model, and 3-methylhistidine excretion rates were also determined. 2-Mercaptoethanol appears to influence protein metabolism; however, the slower rates of protein synthesis proved to be apparent in almost all groups of treated rats. Protein synthesis and nitrogen excretion rate constants have exceptionally high values in 2-year-old rats, possibly explained by the occurrence of hypercompensation mechanisms in old age. These were reflected by the excretion rates of 3-methylhistidine which were reduced as a result of sulphhydryl group interactions in age-dependent cellular metabolic changes. Chronic Exposure or Carcinogenicity/ In old CBA/Ca mice the effect of cigarette smoke was compared with that of 2-mercaptoethanolrcaptoethanol (2-ME) treatment. It could be stated that spontaneous death was more frequent in animals kept in cigarette smoke than in the control animals. Prevalence of hepatocellular carcinoma was higher in animals kept in cigarette smoke than in the controls. After 2-mercaptoethanol treatment the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma was significantly lower and animals without disorders were more frequent than in smokers. Body weights were lower in animals kept in cigarette smoke and differences in organ indices could be observed, too. Immunological changes were also demonstrated: in mice kept in cigarette smoke the reactivity against a foreign antigen such as sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) was lower, while after 2-mercaptoethanol treatment it was higher than in their controls using direct plaque formation technique. The ratio of normal reactivity (against SRBC) and autoreactivity (against mouse erythrocytes) showed a decrease in smoker animals, and an increase in the 2-mercaptoethanol-treated ones. The experiments showed a deleterious effect of cigarette smoke and a beneficial effect of 2-mercaptoethanol on age-related alterations. 2-Mercaptoethanol's production and use as solvent for dyestuffs, intermediate for producing dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, flotation agents, insecticides, plasticizers, water-soluble reducing agent, biochemical reagent, PVC stabilizers, agricultural chemicals, and textile auxiliary may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. It is a hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent mustard gas. 2-Mercaptoethanol is formed through the decomposition of naturally occurring products such as swine manure and proteins (produced by marine algae and other marine plants). If released to air, an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.76 mm Hg at 25 °C indicates 2-mercaptoethanol will exist solely as a vapor. Vapor-phase 2-mercaptoethanol will be degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.5 hours. 2-Mercaptoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. If released to soil, 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to have very high mobility based upon an estimated Koc of 1.3. Volatilization from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole. 2-Mercaptoethanol may volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. A 29% biomineralization after 55 days under methanogenic conditions indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in anoxic environments. If released into water, 2-mercaptoethanol is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment based upon the estimated Koc. Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process based upon this compound's estimated Henry's Law constant. An estimated BCF of 3.0 suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions. Occupational exposure to 2-mercaptoethanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-mercaptoethanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-mercaptoethanol via dermal contact with this compound and other products containing 2-mercaptoethanol. 2-Mercaptoethanol has been identified as one of volatile substances evolved from aerobic and anaerobic microbial decomposition of liquid swine manure. 2-Mercaptoethanol's production and use as a solvent for dyestuffs, intermediate for producing dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, flotation agents, insecticides, plasticizers, water-soluble reducing agent, biochemical reagent, PVC stabilizers, agricultural chemicals, and textile auxiliary may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams. 2-Mercaptoethanol is a hydrolysis product of the chemical warfare agent mustard gas. Based on a classification scheme, an estimated Koc value of 1.3, determined from a structure estimation method, indicates that 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil. Volatilization of 2-mercaptoethanol from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole, derived from its extrapolated vapor pressure, 1.76 mm Hg, and an assigned value for water solubility of 1.00X10+6 mg/L (miscible). 2-Mercaptoethanol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its vapor pressure. A 29% biomineralization after 55 days under methanogenic conditions(5) indicates that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in anoxic soil environments. According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere, 2-mercaptoethanol, which has an extrapolated vapor pressure of 1.76 mm Hg at 25 °C, is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2-mercaptoethanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals; the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 8.5 hours, calculated from its rate constant of 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C that was derived using a structure estimation method. 2-Mercaptoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. 2-Mercaptoethanol, was shown to be biomineralized under methanogenic conditions. 2-Mercaptoethanol, present at 100 mg/L reached 29% biodegradation in 55 days using 120 mL flasks containing sludge from an upflow anaerobic blanket reactor treating liquid hen manure at 1 g volatile suspended solids (VSS)/L, 0.4 g Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), basal medium, and incubated at 30 °C. Therefore, this compound is not expected to biodegrade rapidly under anaerobic conditions. Addition of cosubstrates, glucose or a combination of propionic or butyric acids, did not affect the rate of degradation. The compound is moderately toxic to microorganisms. The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2-mercaptoethanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.6X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C using a structure estimation method. This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 8.5 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm. The rate constant for the reaction between hydroxyl radicals and 2-mercaptoethanol in aqueous solution at pH 6.5 has been experimentally determined to be 6.8X10+9/M-sec; assuming that the hydroxyl radical concentration of brightly sunlit natural water is 1X10-17 M, the half-life for this reaction would be 118 days. 2-Mercaptoethanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups. 2-Mercaptoethanol does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight. An estimated BCF of 3.0 was calculated for 2-mercaptoethanol, using an estimated log Kow of -0.20 and a regression-derived equation. According to a classification scheme, this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices, the Koc of 2-mercaptoethanol can be estimated to be 1.3. According to a classification scheme, this estimated Koc value suggests that 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The Henry's Law constant for 2-mercaptoehtanol is estimated as 1.8X10-7 atm-cu m/mole derived from its vapor pressure, 1.76 mm Hg, and an assigned value for water solubility of 1.00X10+6 mg/L (miscible). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2-mercaptoethanol is expected to be essentially nonvolatile from water surfaces. 2-Mercaptoethanol's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur. 2-Mercaptoethanol is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon its extrapolated vapor pressure. NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 14,140 workers (4,607 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2-mercaptoethanol in the US. Occupational exposure to 2-mercaptoethanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2-mercaptoethanol is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to 2-mercaptoethanol via dermal contact with this compound and other products containing 2-mercaptoethanol. 2-Mercaptoethanol concentrations of 0.01 ppb or less were detected in samples of German wines. 2-Mercaptoethanol and other thiol concentrations of less than 100 uM were detected in intertidal marine sediments from Biscayne Bay, FL; the presence of the thiols was attributed to protein degradation, where the protein source was marine algae and other higher plants. 2-Mercaptoethanol solution has a concentration of approx. 14.3 M. Quality Level 200 vapor density 2.69 (vs air) vapor pressure 1 mmHg ( 20 °C) assay ≥99.0% expl. lim. 18 % concentration 14.3 M (pure liquid) refractive index n20/D 1.500 (lit.) bp 157 °C (lit.) density 1.114 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) storage temp. 2-8°C SMILES string OCCS InChI 1S/C2H6OS/c3-1-2-4/h3-4H,1-2H2 InChI key DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Show Fewer Properties Description General description 2-mercaptoethanol is a thiol compound, commonly used as a reducing agent in organic reactions. Packaging of 2-Mercaptoethanol 1, 2.5 L in glass bottle 10, 100, 250, 500 mL in glass bottle Application of 2-Mercaptoethanol 2-mercaptoethanol is widely used for retarding oxidation of biological compounds in solution. 2-Mercaptoethanol is suitable for reducing protein disulfide bonds prior to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and is usually included in a sample buffer for SDS-PAGE at a concentration of 5%. Cleaving intermolecular (between subunits) disulfide bonds allows the subunits of a protein to separate independently on SDS-PAGE. Cleaving intramolecular (within subunit) disulfide bonds allows the subunits to become completely denatured so that each peptide migrates according to its chain length with no influence due to secondary structure. 2-Mercaptoethanol (also known as beta-mercaptoethanol or BME) is a potent reducing agent used in cell culture media to prevent toxic levels of oxygen radicals. 2-Mercaptoethanol is not stable in solution, so most protocols require daily supplementation. 2-Mercaptoéthanol 2-Mercaptoethanol contains 2-mercaptoethanol at a concentration of 55 mM in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (DPBS). cGMP manufacturing and quality system 2-Mercaptoéthanol Reducing Agent is manufactured at a cGMP compliant facility, located in Grand Island, New York. The facility is registered with the FDA as a medical device manufacturer and is certified to ISO 13485 standards. Background 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) is a clear colorless to very faint yellow liquid that boils at 157–158 °C and has a concentration of 14.3 M (mol l−1). The bulk product decomposes slowly in air. If kept sealed at room temperature, it will remain pure (more than 99%) up to 3 years. 2-Mercaptoéthanolis miscible in water in all proportions, and miscible in alcohol, ether, and benzene. Solution of 2-Mercaptoéthanolis readily oxidized in air to a disulfide, particularly at high pH values. It should be remembered that its reaction with strong acids or alkali metals will release flammable hydrogen gas, and it is combustible as a liquid or vapor. 2-Mercaptoéthanolcan be toxic if ingested, and fatal if inhaled or absorbed through the skin. 2-Mercaptoéthanol was found to be more toxic than ethanol to all tissues but showed a significant diminished toxicity upon dilution. Human Embryonic Stem Cell Culture Rodolfo Gonzalez, ... Philip H. Schartz, in Human Stem Cell Manual, 2007 2-Mercaptoethanol 2-Mercaptoethanol (2-ME) has been used in ESC culture media since the first derivation of mouse ESCs in 1981. Originally included as a reducing agent because of concern about oxidation of culture components, it continues to be used in hESC media. Since the final concentration is 0.1 mM, and the pure solutions of 2-Mercaptoéthanolare 14.3 M, it is necessary to start ith a stock solution. Several companies sell diluted solutions of 2-ME; the 55 mM solution in PBS (Invitrogen catalog no. 21985-023) is a convenient concentration for a stock. If you ish to make your on stock, e suggest that you make a 1000× stock from the generally available concentrated solution (14.3 M). For 1000× stock: dilute 35 μL of 14.3 M 2-Mercaptoéthanol(Sigma catalog no. M7522) into 5 mL of PBS to make a 0.1 M stock solution. Filter before use. Properties Related Categories: Antioxidants and Reducing Agents for Protein Stabilization, Biochemicals and Reagents, Building Blocks, Chemical Synthesis, HIS Select Supporting Products and Reagents, HIS-Select, Molecular Biology, Organic Building Blocks, Protein Modification, Protein Structural Analysis, Proteins and Derivatives, Proteomics, Purification and Detection, Reagents and Products for use with HIS-Select, Reagents for Protein Stabilization, Reagents for reduction of proteins, Recombinant Protein Expression and Analysis, Reduction and Oxidation, Sulfur Compounds, Thiols/Mercaptans Molecular Formula:C2H6OS or HSCH2CH2OH Molecular Weight:78.129 g/mol InChI Key:DGVVWUTYPXICAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N vapor density:2.69 (vs air) vapor pressure:1 mmHg ( 20 °C) expl. lim. :18 % concentration:14.3 M (pure liquid) refractive index: n20/D 1.500(lit.) bp: 157 °C(lit.) density: 1.114 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.) storage temp.: 2-8°C 2-Mercaptoethanol (also ß-mercaptoethanol, BME, 2BME, 2-ME or ß-met) is the chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH2SH. ME or ßME, as it is commonly abbreviated, is used to reduce disulfide bonds and can act as a biological antioxidant by scavenging hydroxyl radicals (amongst others). It is widely used because the hydroxyl group confers solubility in water and lowers the volatility. Due to its diminished vapor pressure, its odor, while unpleasant, is less objectionable than related thiols. 2-Mercaptoethanol 2-Mercaptoethanol is one of the most common agents used for disulfide reduction. Sometimes referred to as ß-mercaptoethanol, it is a clear, colorless liquid with an extremely strong odor. All operations with this chemical should be performed in a well-ventilated fume hood. The reduction of protein disulfides with 2-mercaptoethanol proceeds rapidly via a two-step process involving an intermediate mixed disulfide. Due to its strong reducing properties, the reagent is used most often when complete disulfide reduction is required. It can also be used to cleave disulfide-containing crosslinking agents. Usually a concentration of 0.1-M 2-mercaptoethanol will cleave a disulfide-containing crosslinker and liberate conjugated proteins Reducing proteins Some proteins can be denatured by 2-mercaptoethanol, which cleaves the disulfide bonds that may form between thiol groups of cysteine residues. In the case of excess 2-mercaptoethanol, the following equilibrium is shifted to the right: RS-SR + 2 HOCH2CH2SH ? 2 RSH + HOCH2CH2S-SCH2CH2OH Reaction scheme for the cleavage of disulfide bonds by 2-mercaptoethanol By breaking the S-S bonds, both the tertiary structure and the quaternary structure of some proteins can be disrupted.Because of its ability to disrupt the structure of proteins, it was used in the analysis of proteins, for instance, to ensure that a protein solution contains monomeric protein molecules, instead of disulfide linked dimers or higher order oligomers. However, since 2-mercaptoethanol forms adducts with free cysteines and is somewhat more toxic, dithiothreitol (DTT) is generally more used especially in SDS-PAGE. DTT is also a more powerful reducing agent with a redox potential (at pH 7) of -0.33 V, compared to -0.26 V for 2-mercaptoethanol. Molecules of 2-mercaptoethanol (ME) were spontaneously chemisorbed on silver, copper, and gold surfaces. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering investigation revealed that, as for unsubstituted alkanethiols, the average orientation of the "molecular chain" of ME is the most perpendicular to the metal surface for ME molecules adsorbed on silver. Immersion of an ME-modified electrode in diluted ME solution leads to quick desorption of a portion of the monolayer and an increase in the relative surface concentration of the gauche conformer. The time constant of this rearrangement (below 1 min) is more than 1 order of magnitude shorter than that of monolayers formed from analogous thiols (HS-(CH2)2-X) with X = CH3, NH2, COOH, or SO3Na. The structure of the ME monolayer is highly pH-sensitive, but it is independent of the presence of neutral salts in solutions. In acidic solutions, the surface concentration of a gauche conformer considerably increases. Since protonation of a significant number of hydroxyl groups is unlikely under the conditions used, it is likely that in acidic solutions the kinetics of the desorption and the desorption/adsorption equilibrium are changed. It is probable that desorption of ME as thiol molecules is facilitated because some of the sulfur atoms of ME adsorbed as thiolate are protonated. We also found an analogous effect, although less pronounced, for monolayers self-assembled from propanethiol. This indicates that this mechanism, so far not considered, can also be important for some other (especially short-chain) thiols. In basic solutions, the concentration of a trans conformer increases and probably some of the hydroxyl groups dissociate. For all investigated solutions, the structure of the ME monolayer on gold was found to be less affected by its surroundings than that of monolayers on silver or copper. 2-Mercaptoethanol (also called Thioglycol) is a clear, colorless liquid with disagreeable odor.Beta mercaptoethanol is miscible in water and nearly all common organic solvents.Beta merkapto ethanol is used as a intermediate for the synthesis of PVC heat stabilizers and as a chain transfer agent in the manufacture of PVC. Beta mercapto ethanol is used as a building block to produce corp protection products, dispersants, fibers, textiles, .dyes, and pharmaceuticals. 2 Mercaptoethanol is used as a component of corrosion inhibitors and ore floatation agent. 2 mercaptoethyl alcohol is used in as a raw material for leather and fur industry, cosmetics, hair removal. 2-Mercaptoethanol is often used interchangeably with dithiothreitol (DTT) or the odorless tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) in biological applications Consumer & Industrial Applications Ink & Dye Additives: We offer hydrocarbon compounds that serve as ink carriers as well as sulfur chemicals that are effective solvents in digital image processing. Food & Nutrition Applications To help the agricultural industry flourish in its efforts to maintain fertile land, grow crops and raise healthy livestock, produces agrochemical intermediates such as 2-mercaptoethanol. Petroleum & Refinery 2-Mercaptoethanol or BME is a highly volatile, yet water soluble material that is widely used in cleaning agents, as a corrosion inhibitor for performance material (pipe) and as a tin stabilizer in PVC production. Polymers and Rubber Applications Normal mercaptans are used as reactants in the synthesis of antioxidants, which minimize undesirable effects from processes such as the stabilization of tin. 2-mercaptoethanol is also used as a chain transfer agent in processes where control of molecular weight is critical. Water Treatment Applications 2-Mercaptoethanol or BME is a highly volatile, yet water soluble material that is widely used in cleaning agents, as a corrosion inhibitor for performance material (pipe) and as a tin stabilizer in PVC production.
2-Methyl Quinoline
Ethylhexanol; Octyl Alcohol; 2-EH; 2-Ethylhexanol; 2-Ethyl-1-hexanol; 2-Ethylhexan-1-ol; 2-Ethyl-hexanol-1; Ethylhexyl alcohol; cas no: 104-76-7
2-METHYL-2-(PROP-2-ENAMIDO)PROPANE-1-SULFONICACID
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is an organosulfonic acid.

CAS: 15214-89-8
MF: C7H13NO4S
MW: 207.25
EINECS: 239-268-0

Synonyms
1-Propanesulfonicacid,2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino]-;2-ACRYLAMIDE-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYL-1-PROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULFONIC ACID;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANESULPHONIC ACID
;15214-89-8;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;2-Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;27119-07-9;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonate;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid;AtBS;acryloyldimethyltaurine
;DTXSID5027770;LUBRIZOL AMPS;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulfonic acid;TBAS-Q;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-;490HQE5KI5;DTXCID207770;tert-butylacrylamidosulfonic acid;2-methyl-2-[(1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino]-1-propanesulfonic acid;acrylamide tert-butylsulfonic acid;acrylamidomethylpropanesulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methylpropylsulfonic acid;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propenyl)amino)-;2-(acryloylamino)-2-methylpropane-1-sulfonic acid;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2,2-DIMETHYLETHANESULFONIC ACID;1-Propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-((1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)amino)-;CAS-15214-89-8;EINECS 239-268-0;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPANE SULFONIC ACID;UNII-490HQE5KI5;EC 239-268-0;2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS);SCHEMBL19490;2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer;CHEMBL1907040;CHEBI:166476;Tox21_201781;Tox21_303523;MFCD00007522;AKOS015898709;CS-W015266;5165-97-9 (mono-hydrochloride salt);NCGC00163969-01;NCGC00163969-02;NCGC00257492-01;NCGC00259330-01;2-acrylamido-2-methyl propanesulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methyl propyl;sulfonic acid;2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonicacid;2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid;A0926;NS00005061;2-ACRYLAMIDO-2-METHYLPROPIONESULFONATE;E76045;Q209301;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic;acid, 8CI;2-Acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 99%;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid;J-200043;2-(Acryloylamino)-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid #;2-methyl-2-(prop-2-enoylamino)propane-1-sulonic acid;82989-71-7;InChI=1/C7H13NO4S/c1-4-6(9)8-7(2,3)5-13(10,11)12/h4H,1,5H2,2-3H3,(H,8,9)(H,10,11,12

2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid was a Trademark name by The Lubrizol Corporation.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is a reactive, hydrophilic, sulfonic acid acrylic monomer used to alter the chemical properties of wide variety of anionic polymers.
In the 1970s, the earliest patents using 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid were filed for acrylic fiber manufacturing.
Today, there are over several thousands patents and publications involving use of 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid in many areas including water treatment, oil field, construction chemicals, hydrogels for medical applications, personal care products, emulsion coatings, adhesives, and rheology modifiers.
Lubrizol discontinued the production of this monomer in 2017 due to copy-cat production from China and India destroying the profitability of this product.

Appearance:- White crystalline powder or granular particles Molar Mass:- g/mol Density:- 1.1 g/cm3 (15.6 °C) Melting Point:- 195 °C (383 °F; 468 K) Solubility in Water:- 150 gAMPS/100 g solvent Vapour Pressure:- 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is prepared by a ritter reaction between acrylonitrile and Isobutene in the presence of Sulfuric acid and water.
Addition of 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid improves thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives and increases its strength, Hence 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is widely used in manufacturing of coatings and adhesives.
Due to high capacity of dye receptivity, moisture absorbency and static resistant 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is widely used in manufacturing of acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibres.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid increases the washing performance of surfactants and provides lubricant characteristics to skin care products.

2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical Properties
Melting point: 195 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Density: 1.45
Vapor pressure: Refractive index: 1.6370 (estimate)
Fp: 160 °C
Storage temp.: Store below +30°C.
Solubility: >500g/l soluble
pka: 1.67±0.50(Predicted)
Form: solution
Color: White
Water Solubility: 1500 g/L (20 ºC)
Sensitive: Hygroscopic
BRN: 1946464
Stability: Light Sensitive
InChIKey: HNKOEEKIRDEWRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -3.7 at 20℃ and pH1-7
Surface tension: 70.5mN/m at 1g/L and 20℃
Dissociation constant: 2.4 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 15214-89-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (15214-89-8)

2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is a white crystals.
The melting point is 195°C (decomposition). Soluble in water, the solution is acidic.
Soluble in dimethylformamide, partially soluble in methanol, ethanol, insoluble in acetone.

Uses
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid has good complexion, adsorption, biological activity, surface activity, hydrolysis stability and thermal stability.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid can be used in oil chemical, water treatment, synthetic fiber, printing and dyeing, plastics, water absorbing coatings, paper, bio-medical, magnetic materials and cosmetics industries.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is an important monomer.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid's copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc. because of 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid's unique formular structure ontaining sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.

2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid has polymerizable vinyl group and hydrophilic sulfonic acid group in the molecule, which can be copolymerized with water-soluble monomers such as acrylonitrile and acrylamide, and water-insoluble monomers such as styrene and vinyl chloride.
The hydrophilic sulfonic acid group is introduced into the polymer to make the fiber, film, etc. have moisture absorption, water permeability and conductivity.
Can be used in paper industry and wastewater treatment. Used as coating modifier, fiber modifier and medical polymer.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid can be homopolymerized or copolymerized.
The average polymerization heat of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid in water is 22 kcal/kuramide, which can be used as a polymerization medium.
Generally, water-soluble ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. are used as initiators.

Commonly used monomers with 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid include acrylonitrile,
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid has polymerizable vinyl group and hydrophilic sulfonic acid group in the molecule, which can be copolymerized with water-soluble monomers such as acrylonitrile and acrylamide, and water-insoluble monomers such as styrene and vinyl chloride.
The hydrophilic sulfonic acid group is introduced into the polymer to make the fiber, film, etc. have moisture absorption, water permeability and conductivity.
Can be used in paper industry and wastewater treatment. Used as coating modifier, fiber modifier and medical polymer.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid can be homopolymerized or copolymerized.
The average polymerization heat of 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid in water is 22 kcal/kuramide, which can be used as a polymerization medium.
Generally, water-soluble ammonium persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, etc. are used as initiators. Commonly used monomers with 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid include acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, acrylamide, styrene, ethyl acetate, etc.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is a homopolymer and comonomer, widely used in oil fields, textiles, papermaking, water treatment, synthetic fibers, printing and dyeing, plastics, water-absorbing coatings, biomedicine, etc.

Applications
Acrylic fiber: A number of enhanced performance characteristics are imparted to acrylic, modified-acrylic, polypropylene and polyvinylidene fluoride fibers: dye receptivity, moisture absorbency, and static resistance.
Coating and adhesive: 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid's sulfonic acid group gives the monomers ionic character over a wide range of pH. Anionic charges from AMPS fixed on polymer particles enhance the chemical and shear stabilities of polymer emulsion and also reduce the amount of surfactants leaching out of paint film.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid improves the thermal and mechanical properties of adhesives, and increases the adhesive strength of pressure-sensitive adhesive formulations.
Detergents: Enhances the washing performance of surfactants by binding multivalent cations and reducing dirt attachment.
Personal care: Strong polar and hydrophilic properties introduced to a high molecular weight 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid homopolymer are exploited as a very efficient lubricant characteristic for skin care.

Medical hydrogel: High water-absorbing and swelling capacity when 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is introduced to a hydrogel are keys to medical applications.
Hydrogel with 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid showed uniform conductivity, low electrical impedance, cohesive strength, appropriate skin adhesion, and biocompatible and capable of repeated use and have been used to electrocardiograph (ECG) electrodes, defibrillation electrode, electrosurgical grounding pads, and iontophoretic drug delivery electrodes.
In addition, polymers derived from 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid are used as the absorbing hydrogel and the tackifier component of wound dressings.
Is used due to its high water absorption and retention capability as a monomer in superabsorbents e. g. for baby diapers.
Oil field applications: Polymers in oil field applications have to stand hostile environments and require thermal and hydrolytic stability and the resistance to hard water containing metal ions.
For example, in drilling operations where conditions of high salinity, high temperature and high pressure are present, 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid copolymers can inhibit fluid loss and be used in oil field environments as scale inhibitors, friction reducers and water-control polymers, and in polymer flooding applications.

Water treatment applications: The cation stability of the 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid-containing polymers are very useful for water treatment processes.
Such polymers with low molecular weights cannot only inhibit calcium, magnesium, and silica scale in cooling towers and boilers, but also help corrosion control by dispersing iron oxide.
When high molecular weight polymers are used, they can be used to precipitate solids in the treatment of industrial effluent stream.
Crop protection: increases in dissolved and nanoparticulate polymer formulations bioavailability of pesticides in aqueous-organic formulations.
Membranes: 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid increases water flow, retention and fouling resistance of asymmetric ultrafiltration and microfiltration membranes and is being studied as an anionic component in polymer fuel cell membranes.
Construction applications: Superplasticizers with 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid are used to reduce water in concrete formulations. Benefits of these additives include improved strength, improved workability, improved durability of cement mixtures.
Redispersible polymer powder, when 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is introduced, in cement mixtures control air pore content and prevent agglomeration of powders during the spray-drying process from the powder manufacturing and storage.
Coating formulations with 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid-containing polymers prevent calcium ions from being formed as lime on concrete surface and improve the appearance and durability of coating.

Preparation
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid can be synthesized by one step and two steps.
The one-step method is to react the raw materials acrylonitrile, isobutylene and oleum together.
The two-step method is to sulfonate isobutylene in the presence of a reaction solvent to obtain a sulfonated intermediate, and then react with acrylonitrile in the presence of sulfuric acid.
One-step method is more economical.

2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is an important monomer.
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid's copolymers or homopolymers with different molecular weight can be widely used in textile, oil drilling, water treatment, papermaking, dying, coating, cosmetics, electronics, etc.
because of 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid's unique formular structure—containing sulfonic acid group and unsaturated radical, thus showing excellent properties in many aspects.

Production
2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid is made by the Ritter reaction of acrylonitrile and isobutylene in the presence of sulfuric acid and water.
The recent patent literature describes batch and continuous processes that produce 2-Methyl-2-(prop-2-enamido)propane-1-sulfonic acid in high purity (to 99.7%) and improved yield (up to 89%, based on isobutene) with the addition of liquid isobutene to an acrylonitrile / sulfuric acid / phosphoric acid mixture at 40°C.
2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT)
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), Methylisothiazolinone, MIT, or MI, is the organic compound with the formula S(CH)2C(O)NCH3.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a white solid.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is an antimicrobial.


CAS Number: 2682-20-4
EC Number: 220-239-6
MDL number: MFCD01742315
Molecular Formula: C4H5NOS


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is available in transparent or yellowish liquid form.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) has distinctive smell.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)'s specific gravity ranges between 1.02 to 1.30.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) contains methanol free content. Its solidification point is -1 degree C and its stable ph range is between 2.5 to 9.0.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is soluble in water and lower amount of C2H5OH.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (CAS# 2682-20-4) is a useful research chemical.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is colorless solid.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is registered under the REACH Regulation and is manufactured in and / or imported to the European Economic Area, at ≥ 10 to < 100 tonnes per annum.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a new fungicide introduced from Europe.
Isothiazolinone organic compounds can inhibit the growth and reproduction of various microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, etc.), and are widely used broad-spectrum fungicides.


Compared with other types of fungicides, isothiazolinone fungicides have obvious effect and fast action speed in controlling the growth and metabolism of microorganisms and preventing the formation of biofilm.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), Methylisothiazolinone, MIT, or MI, is the organic compound with the formula S(CH)2C(O)NCH3.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a white solid.
Isothiazolinones, a class of heterocycles, are used as biocides in numerous personal care products and other industrial applications. 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and related compounds have attracted much attention for their allergenic properties, e.g. contact dermatitis.


The effective dosage is small, non-toxic and non-polluting, and 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is easy to mix in various formulas.
The PH of 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) has a wide range of applications.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a clear, colourless liquid that is soluble in water.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) enhances the safety and shelf-life of products by preventing the growth of bacteria and yeasts.
Without preservatives like 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), products could start to smell unpleasant, change colour or grow moulds which can produce toxins which are harmful to health.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) has a role as an antifouling biocide, an antimicrobial agent and an antifungal agent.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a powerful biocide.
That means 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)’s a chemical substance that can control or kill harmful microorganisms.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) works well as a preservative in products like shampoo and body care products, helping them to last a long time on the shelf and in your bathroom cabinets without becoming contaminated with unwanted bugs, bacteria, and fungi.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (MI) is an isothiazolinone-derived biocide used for controlling microbial growth in industrial and household products, often in a mixture with 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolone (MCI).


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and yeast with MIC values of 0.0045, 0.0015, >0.01, and 0.0065% (w/w) for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. niger, and C. albicans, respectively, when used alone.
MIC values are 7 to 200-fold lower when 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used in combination with MCI.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), also known as MI, is added to substances containing water to stop the growth of microorganisms.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) simply prevents the product from rotting and aging.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is commonly found in cosmetics, hygiene products, and other body care products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), MIT, or MI, is the organic compound with the formula S(CH)2C(O)NCH3.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (MI) is a preservative.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (also called 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one), is a powerful synthetic biocide and preservative within the group of isothiazolinones.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a synthetic chemical used in consumer products for its antimicrobial properties.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is most often applied to cleaning products as a synthetic preservative.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)decreases neurite outgrowth of rat cortical neurons when used at concentrations of 0.1-3 μM and inhibits Src family kinases in cell-free assays.


There are no known interactions with other ingredients.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (MIT) is a chemical substance that is effective in eliminating and controlling the growth of potentially harmful bacteria,.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a white solid.


Isothiazolinones, a class of heterocycles, are used as biocides in numerous personal care products and other industrial applications.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and related compounds have attracted much attention for their allergenic properties, e.g. contact dermatitis.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (MI) is a preservative that' super efficient against bacteria at surprisingly low concentrations.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) was first used in Europe in the 1970s and the United States in the 1980s.
The original European recommendation was to use 0.003% concentration or 30 parts per million (ppm).
In 2000, companies started using 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) in industrial products.
By 2005 some cosmetic companies were using as much as 50 to 100 ppm.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a component in Kathon and Grotan preservatives.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a colorless,clear liquid with amild odor that is completely soluble in water; mostly soluble in acetonitrile, methanol, and hexane; and slightly soluble in xylene.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)is a heterocyclic organic compound used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products in concentrations up to 0.01%.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) belongs to a group of similar compounds called “isothiazolinones,” which also include the following chemicals:
*Chloro2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (CMIT)
*Benzisothiazolinone (BIT)
*Octylisothiazolinone (OIT)
*Dichlorooctylisothiazolinone (DCOIT)


After diluting the concentration, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is easy to be biodegraded into non-toxic and non-polluting substances.
Low toxicity, no residue, good compatibility with various emulsifiers, surfactants and protein components.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can effectively kill a variety of bacteria at low concentrations, especially suitable for the preservation of cosmetics and personal care preparations.
The applicable pH range is pH2.0-12.0, miscible with water, can be added in any process, and is easy to operate.



USES and APPLICATIONS of 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is generally used as a preservative in bath, shampoo and washing liquid, industrially used in cooling water, circulating water, papermaking and paint coatings.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is an efficient antimicrobial drug with broad-spectrum bacteriostatic ability, used for sterilization and anticorrosion of papermaking coatings, oil field water injection, daily chemical industry, etc.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a widely used sterilization preservative, can effectively kill algae, bacteria and fungi.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can be widely used in industrial cooling water, oil field return tank water, paper industry, pipeline, coating, paint, rubber, cosmetics, photosensitive film and washing products and other industries.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals and pH regulators and water treatment products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used in the following areas: scientific research and development and health services.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used for the manufacture of: chemicals.


Release to the environment of 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can occur from industrial use: in processing aids at industrial sites, as an intermediate step in further manufacturing of another substance (use of intermediates) and as processing aid.
Release to the environment of 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can occur from industrial use: manufacturing of the substance.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used by consumers, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites and in manufacturing.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is approved for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: preservation for liquid systems, controlling slimes, preservation for working / cutting fluids.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is being reviewed for use as a biocide in the EEA and/or Switzerland, for: product preservation.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used in the following products: cosmetics and personal care products, fertilisers, plant protection products and perfumes and fragrances.


Other release to the environment of 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is likely to occur from: outdoor use as processing aid and indoor use as processing aid.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used in the following products: fertilisers, laboratory chemicals, plant protection products, perfumes and fragrances, cosmetics and personal care products and pH regulators and water treatment products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used in the following areas: agriculture, forestry and fishing, health services and scientific research and development.


Other release to the environment of 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is likely to occur from: indoor use (e.g. machine wash liquids/detergents, automotive care products, paints and coating or adhesives, fragrances and air fresheners) and outdoor use as processing aid.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used in the following products: laboratory chemicals, cosmetics and personal care products, biocides (e.g. disinfectants, pest control products), fertilisers, plant protection products and perfumes and fragrances.


Release to the environment of 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can occur from industrial use: formulation of mixtures and formulation in materials.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solutions.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is typically used in a formulation with 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), in a 3:1 mixture (CMIT:MIT).


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is supplied to manufacturers as a concentrated stock solution containing from 1.5–15% of CMIT/MIT.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) also has been used to control slime in the manufacture of paper products that contact food.
In addition, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) serves as an antimicrobial agent in latex adhesives and in paper coatings that also contact food.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a synthetic biocide and preservative that can be widely used in both industrial and consumer products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a preservative in cosmetic and toiletrie products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a widely used antiseptic, which can effectively kill algae, bacteria and fungi.


The active monomer can be widely used in industrial cooling water, oil field return tank water, paper industry, pipeline, coating, paint, rubber, cosmetics, photographic film and washing products and other industries.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can effectively kill a variety of bacteria at low concentrations, especially for the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a preservative that is found in a wide array of liquid cosmetics, personal care products and cleaning products on the market today.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)2's function is to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a powerful antimicrobial and antifungal agent which is widely used in personal care products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used in industrial applications as a preservative and antifouling agent.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a broad range of bactericidal preservatives, can effectively kill algae, bacteria and fungi.
The active single agent, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), can be widely used in industrial cooling water, oil field back tank water, paper industry, pipeline, paint, paint, rubber and cosmetics, photographic film and washing products and other industries.


The effective dosage is small, non-toxic and pollution-free, and 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is easy to mix in various formulations, and the PH is widely used.
After dilution and use concentration, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is easy to be biodegradable into non-toxic and pollution-free substances.
Low toxicity, no residual emissions, and a variety of emulsifiers, surfactants and protein ingredients with good compatibility.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can effectively kill a variety of bacteria at low concentrations, especially suitable for the preservation of cosmetics and personal care products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is applicable pH range pH2.0-12.0, miscible with water, can be added in any process, easy to operate.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used to control slime-forming bacteria, fungi and algae in cooling water systems, fuel storage tanks, pulp, and paper mill water systems, oil extraction systems, and other industrial settings.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is frequently used in personal care products.
Such as shampoos and other hair care products, as well as certain paint formulations.
Moreover, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) biocide is often used in combination with either Chloromethylisothiazolinone (known as Kathon CG when paired with Methylisothiazolinone) or Benzisothiazolinone (an added antiseptic).


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used to control the growth of mold, mildew, and sapstain on wood products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a biocide and preservative in cosmetics, paints, and glues; it is present in Kathon KG, MCI/MI, and Euxyl K100.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as an antimicrobial in cosmetics, hygiene products, paints, emulsions, cutting oils, paper coatings, and water storage and cooling units.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a biocide in textile production.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a preservative in pesticide products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a biocide in pulp/paper mills, industrial process and cooling water systems, oil field operations, and air cleaner systems, and as a preservative in adhesives, coatings, fuels, metalworking fluids, resin emulsions, paints, and wood products.


This adsorbent type chemical, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), has unique anti bacterial properties that help to kill 99.99% germs.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)'s application can be noticed in water treatment field.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used as surfactant, auxiliary agent in textile field and also as chemical in electronics arena.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as antimicrobial agent, antibacterial agent, preservative.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (MCI) is a preservative that’s active against bacteria, yeast, and fungi.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)’s used in the manufacture of water-based cosmetics and personal care products.


Even though MIT doesn't have direct benefits for hair, it does have a number of benefits in a product formulation.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)protects products at a very low-use level.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)'s also water soluble, making it very easy to mix in, It's also stable over a broad pH range, making it suitable for many types of formulas like shampoos and conditioners.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) was initially used occupationally, in paints, adhesives/glues and cleaners etc, as a mixture with methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI).
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), better known by the acronym MIT, is used as a synthetic preservative in cosmetic products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) has been used as a substitute for parabens in so-called "paraben-free" products by a number of brands.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) hydrochloride is an isothiazolinone based biocide and preservative used in personal care products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solutions.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used to studying the effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity in the development of neural axons and dendrites.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) hydrochloride (2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) hydrochloride) is a common preservative used in industrial products, owing to its strong biocide effect.
You’ll find 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and chemicals like it at low concentrations in “rinse-off” products like shampoos, conditioners, hair colors, body washes, laundry detergents, liquid hand soaps, bubble bath, hand dishwashing soaps, and shampoo/conditioner combinations.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), or MIT as it is sometimes known, is a preservative used in cosmetics and beauty products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a powerful biocide, or “chemical substance capable of killing living organisms, usually in a selective way.
Biocides are a general term that includes antimicrobial, germicide, antibiotic, and antifungal.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used for controlling microbial growth in water-containing solutions.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is typically used in a formulation with 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT), in a 3:1 mixture (CMIT:MIT) sold commercially.
In addition, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) serves as an antimicrobial agent in latex adhesives and in paper coatings that also contact food.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), along with other isothiazolinones, is a biocide widely used as a preservative in personal care products.
Ultimately, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used to prevent a wide variety of bacteria and fungi from growing in cosmetics and beauty products, most often in shampoo.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a preservative that can also be found in shampoos, skin care products and makeup.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) helps maintain product quality and performance over time.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a widely-used preservative.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used preservative to keep home and personal care products in good condition: without them, they could be spoiled by bacteria, yeasts and moulds.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is only approved for use in rinse-off formulas and at low concentrations.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used to control slime-forming bacteria, fungi, and algae in pulp/paper mills, cooling water systems, oil field operations, industrial process waters, and air washer systems.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a biocide in pulp/paper mills, industrial process and cooling water systems, oil field operations, and air cleaner systems, and as a preservative in adhesives, coatings, fuels, metalworking fluids, resin emulsions, paints, and wood products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a biocide and is used to control microbial growth in water containing solutions.
And 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is incorporated into adhesives, coatings, fuels, metal working fluids, resin emulsions, paints, and various other specialty industrial products as a preservative.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can be found in liquid construction products such as Ingredients will also be disclosed in such products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) functions as a biocide and preservative within the group of isothiazolinones and is widely used in cosmetics, shampoos, soaps and body care products, cooling fluids, etc.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a preservative used in personal hygiene products (such as shampoos, lotions, emulsions, and sun screens), and in industrial cooling oils, cutting oils, and paper finishes. It is also commonly added to household cleaners as a substitute for formaldehyde.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used to control the growth of mold, mildew, and sapstain on wood products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is generally recommended for use only in rinse-off and leave-on cosmetic products (maximum concentration of 100 ppm) as preservative such as shampoo, conditioner, hair color, body wash, lotion, sunscreen, mascara, shaving cream, baby lotion, baby shampoo, hairspray, makeup remover, liquid soaps, and detergents.


Although 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) may be used in cosmetics and personal care products alone, it is often used as a mixture with Methylchloroisothiazolinone [(MCI).
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (MI or MIT) is part of a family of chemical preservatives which also includes benzisothiazolinone (BIT or BI), methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI, CMI or CMIT), and octylisothiazolinone (OIT or OI).


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used in air fresheners and may be a preservative component of a product.
Specifically, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can be found in cleansers such as liquid dish soap, liquid laundry soap, all purpose spray cleaners and window cleaning solutions.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (MIT) is a preservative that is found in a wide array of liquid cosmetics, personal care products and cleaning products on the market today.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)'s function is to inhibit the growth of bacteria.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used in many industrial processes, such as paint and paper manufacturing, metalworking, mining, and sanitizing.


In cosmetics and personal care products historically, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT), or the mixture, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and Methylchloroisothiazolinone, was used in various rinse-off and leave-on formulations including hair products, shampoos, skin care products, bath products, eye and facial makeup, wet wipes and suntan products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a widely used preservative and biocide.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is often found in antibacterial and cleaning products and is used as a preservative.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a synthetic ingredient that is commonly found in many household cleaners, including many so called "green cleaners" despite existing science that proves it causes harm to human health and aquatic life.


Since 2005, it has been widely used in cosmetics and household products, such as moist wipes, shampoos, cleaners and liquid laundry products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a biocide and preservative in cosmetics, paints, and glues.
Since 2005, they have become widely used in cosmetics and household products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a widely-used preservative in many personal care products, specifically many hair care products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is Preservative that’s generally recommended for use only in rinse-off products such as cleansers or shampoos.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) or MIT is a preservative used in many consumer goods including cosmetic products, to preserve product quality and ensure consumer safety by preventing the growth of microbes.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as an antimicrobial in cosmetics, hygiene products, paints, emulsions, cutting oils, paper coatings, and water storage and cooling units.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a biocide in textile production.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a isothiazolinone based biocide and preservative used in personal care products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used for controlling microbial growth in water-c ontaining solution.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a preservative used in personal care products to stop fungus, bacteria and other microbes from growing in water solutions.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) helps maintain product quality and performance over time.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a biocide, a chemical substance that controls or kills microorganisms.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a preservative in pesticide products.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a chemical used in skin care products, household cleaners, and industrial products as a preservative. It is usually mixed with 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and the combination is sometimes called Kathon CG or Euxyl K 100.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) was first registered in the U.S. in 1977 and initially used in paints, adhesives/glues and cleaners, especially in a mixture with methylchloroisothiazolinone.


2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a common preservative used in the personal care industry.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is also used, for example, in dishwashing liquids, liquid cleaning products, paint, glue, etc.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used as a preservative that’s generally recommended for use only in rinse-off products such as cleansers or shampoos.


Isothiazolinones are often used to extend a product’s shelf life and protect you against exposure to bacteria and fungi by inhibiting the growth of those organisms (collectively known as microbes or as we like to call them “bugs”).
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used to extend a product’s shelf life and protect consumers against exposure to bacteria and mold by inhibiting the growth of those organisms.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is used to protect products from contamination by potentially pathogenic microbes (fungi and bacteria).


-Hair Type Considerations:
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can be used by all hair types.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is more important to be conscious of any allergies or skin you might have before using products containing the ingredient.


-2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)’s also used in industrial processes, including the manufacture of:
*paper coatings
*detergents
*paints
*glue
*cutting oils



WHAT ARE SOME PRODUCTS THAT MAY CONTAIN 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT)?
*Body Washes/Hand Soaps/Moisturizers
*Cleaners
*Hair Products
• Hair Dyes
• Shampoos
• Conditioners
*Paint
*Pet Care
*Yard Care Products



What does METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE do in a formulation?
*Preservative



BENEFITS OF 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT) FOR HAIR:
MIT does not have any benefits specifically for your hair.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) won't make it shiny, more manageable, thicker, or stronger.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is strictly used in cosmetics as a preservative and bacteria-inhibitor, which is obviously an important thing we all want in a product we're keeping in a warm, damp place like the bathroom.



2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT) IS FOUND IN:
*Shampoo
*Conditioner
*Hair color
*Body wash
*Lotion
*Sunscreen
*Mascara
*Shaving cream
*Baby lotion
*Baby shampoo
*Hairspray
*Makeup remover
*Liquid soaps and detergents.



FUNCTIONS OF 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
*Preservative:
Inhibits the development of micro-organisms in cosmetic products



WHAT PRODUCTS IS 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT) IN?
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is found in a multitude of products, including those claiming to be “natural”.
The list includes cleaning products, detergents, lotions, sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, hair coloring, body washes, mascara, shaving cream, make-up remover, liquid soaps, and baby products including wipes, lotions and shampoos.



PROPERTIES OF 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT)
2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-One is sometimes called methylisothiazolinone.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a powerful biocide and preservative within the group of isothiazolinones.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) (CAS No. 2682-20-4) is widely used in cosmetics, shampoos, and body care products.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) has a pH range of 2.0-12.0 and is miscible with water.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT)'s chemical structure is similar to formaldehyde.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) biocide (CAS No. 2682-20-4) is cytotoxic and affects a wide variety of cells.



PREPARATION OF 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is prepared by cyclization of cis-N-methyl-3-thiocyanoacrylamide:
NCSCH = CHC(O)NHCH3⟶SCH = CHC(O)NCH3 + HCN



WHAT PRODUCTS CAN CONTAIN 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT)?
*Household cleaning products
*Foundations/concealer
*Sunscreens, moisturizers, creams/lotions/gels
*Detergents/cleaners
*Bronzers/self-tanners
*Shampoo/conditioners
*Fabric softeners/ washing detergents
*Eye shadows, mascaras, makeup removes
*Bubble baths
*Polishes
*Soaps/hand washes/body washes
*Baby wet wipes



WHAT PRODUCTS IS 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT) IN?
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is found in a multitude of products, including those claiming to be “natural”.
The list includes cleaning products, detergents, lotions, sunscreens, shampoos, conditioners, hair coloring, body washes, mascara, shaving cream, make-up remover, liquid soaps, and baby products including wipes, lotions and shampoos.



HOW TO TELL IF A PRODUCT HAS 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) may be listed as other names on product labels including: Methylisothiazolinone 3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-methyl- 2-Methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone



WHY IS 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT) USED IN COSMETICS AND PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS?
Why is it used in cosmetics and personal care products?
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) are preservatives.
Preservatives are natural or man-made ingredients designed to help ensure the safety and quality of products by protecting them against the growth of microorganisms during storage and, most importantly, during use by consumers.

Any product that contains water is particularly susceptible to being spoiled by microbial growth, causing problems such as discoloration, unpleasant odors or breakdown.
Under certain conditions, microorganisms can even grow to potentially harmful levels.
Preservatives are designed to help prevent these problems.



SYNTHESIS METHOD OF 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
230 grams of mixed chloride (chlorine ratio 3:l) is dispersed into ethyl acetate to obtain 1000 grams of solution, neutralized with ammonia and filtered.
The organic layer of ethyl acetate is distilled to obtain CMI, which is prepared with ethylene glycol to form a 10% solution; the water layer is an aqueous solution of methyl isothiazolinone.

Referring to similar documents, our experiment gives the following results: l chocolate mixed chlorinated material is added to 150g of 5% magnesium chloride solution, heated to 30 ℃ for dissolution, a certain amount of organic solvent is added, stirred for 30 minutes, and left to layer.
Take the upper water solution, add a small amount of organic solvent, fully stir and extract to obtain 180 grams of aqueous solution, adjust the PH to 55 with magnesium oxide, and obtain colorless and transparent methyl isothiazolinone aqueous solution.



MECHANISM OF 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) is a water treatment agent with excellent performance, good miscibility, and can be mixed with various corrosion inhibitors such as chlorine, scale inhibitor and dispersant, Most anion, cationic and non-ionic surfactants are miscible, commodities circulating on the market are usually composed of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMI) and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI)

At the same time, metal nitrite or metal nitrate will be added to improve stability and prevent decomposition, the mechanism of action of isothiazolinone is to kill by breaking the bonds between bacteria and algae proteins.
After contact with microorganisms, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) can quickly and irreversibly inhibit its growth, resulting in the death of microbial cells.

Bacteria (sulfate reducing bacteria, mud forming bacteria), fungi (iron oxidizing bacteria, mold, yeast), algae, etc. have strong inhibitory and killing effects.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) has the characteristics of high killing efficiency, good degradability, no residue, safe operation, good compatibility, strong stability, low use cost, etc.

At high doses, 2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) has a significant effect on biological slime peeling.
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) has been widely used in steel smelting, oilfield water injection, thermal power generation, papermaking, oil refining, chemical industry, textile, industrial cleaning, pesticides, cutting oil water-based coatings, daily chemicals, Ink, dyes, leather and other fields.



WHAT ARE 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT) and METHYLCHLOROISOTHIAZOLINONE?
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one (MIT) and Methylchloroisothiazolinone (CMIT) are widely used preservatives found in liquid cosmetic and personal care products.
Both chemicals inhibit bacterial growth in cosmetic products on their own, but they are most commonly used as a mixture in products.



PHYSICAL and CHEMICAL PROPERTIES of 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
Molecular Weight: 115.16
XLogP3-AA: 0
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 0
Exact Mass: 115.00918496
Monoisotopic Mass: 115.00918496
Topological Polar Surface Area: 45.6 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 7
Formal Charge: 0
Complexity: 121
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes
Physical state: Powder with lumps
Color: dark yellow
Odor: No data available
Melting point/freezing point:
Melting point/range: 46,7 - 48,3 °C

Initial boiling point and boiling range: > 130 °C at 16 hPa
Flammability (solid, gas): No data available
Upper/lower flammability or explosive limits: No data available
Flash point: Not applicable
Autoignition temperature: 396 °C at 1.012 hPa
Decomposition temperature: No data available
pH: 2,58 at 50 g/l at 25 °C
Viscosity
Viscosity, kinematic: No data available
Viscosity, dynamic: No data available
Water solubility: soluble
Partition coefficient: n-octanol/water:
log Pow: -0,34 at 30 °C Bioaccumulation is not expected.
Vapor pressure: 0,0099 hPa at 20 °C
Density: 1,39 g/cm3 at 20 °C

Relative density: 1,39 at 20 °C
Particle characteristics: No data available
Explosive properties: No data available
Oxidizing properties: none
Other safety information:
Surface tension: 68,8 mN/m at 1g/l at 19,5 °C
Dissociation constant: > 2,81 at 21 °C
Boiling Point: 182.8 ℃ at 760 mmHg
Melting Point: 254-256 ℃
Flash Point: 64.3°C
Purity: 98 %
Density: 1.25 (14% aq.) g/cm3
Solubility: In water, 5.367X10+5 mg/L at 25 °C (est)
Appearance: White to yellow powder
Assay: 0.98
Log P: 0.44680
MDL: MFCD01742315
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions
Vapor Pressure: 0.062 mm Hg at 25 °C

Melting Point: 254-256ºC
Boiling Point: 182.8ºC at 760 mmHg
Flash Point: 64.3ºC
Molecular Formula: C4H5NOS
Molecular Weight: 115.15400
Density: 1.25 (14% aq.)
Molecular Formula: C4H5NOS
Molar Mass: 115.15
Density: 1.25 (14% aq.)
Melting Point: 254-256°C(lit.)
Boling Point: bp 0.03 93°
Water Solubility: 489g/L at 20℃
Solubility: Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate
Vapor Presure: Appearance: neat
Color: Yellow Low melting
BRN: 606203
pKa: -2.03±0.20(Predicted)
Storage Condition: 2-8°C
Sensitive: Sensitive to air
MDL: MFCD01742315



FIRST AID MEASURES of 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
-Description of first-aid measures:
*General advice:
Show this material safety data sheet to the doctor in attendance.
*If inhaled:
After inhalation:
Fresh air.
Immediately call in physician.
*In case of skin contact:
Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
Rinse skin with water/ shower.
Call a physician immediately.
*In case of eye contact:
After eye contact:
Rinse out with plenty of water.
Immediately call in ophthalmologist.
Remove contact lenses.
*If swallowed:
Give water to drink (two glasses at most).
Seek medical advice immediately.
-Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed:
No data available



ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES of 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
-Environmental precautions:
Do not let product enter drains.
-Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up:
Cover drains.
Collect, bind, and pump off spills.
Take up carefully.
Dispose of properly.



FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES of 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
-Extinguishing media:
*Suitable extinguishing media:
Water
Foam
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Dry powder
*Unsuitable extinguishing media:
For this substance/mixture no limitations of extinguishing agents are given.
-Further information:
Prevent fire extinguishing water from contaminating surface water or the ground water system.



EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION of 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
-Control parameters:
--Ingredients with workplace control parameters:
-Exposure controls:
--Personal protective equipment:
*Eye/face protection:
Use equipment for eye protection.
Use tightly fitting safety goggles
*Body Protection:
Acid-resistant protective clothing
-Control of environmental exposure:
Do not let product enter drains.



HANDLING and STORAGE of 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
-Precautions for safe handling:
*Advice on safe handling:
Work under hood.
*Hygiene measures:
Immediately change contaminated clothing.
Wash hands and face after working with substance.
-Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
*Storage conditions:
Tightly closed.
Dry.
Keep in a well-ventilated place.
Keep locked up or in an area accessible only to qualified or authorized persons.
Store under inert gas.



STABILITY and REACTIVITY of 2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE (MIT):
-Chemical stability:
The product is chemically stable under standard ambient conditions (room temperature) .
-Possibility of hazardous reactions:
No data available
-Conditions to avoid:
no information available



SYNONYMS:
2-Methyl-1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2682-20-4
Methylisothiazolinone
2-methylisothiazol-3(2h)-one
2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-Methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-methyl-
2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one
N-Methyl-3-oxodihydroisothiazole
2-methyl-3-isothiazolone
N-METHYL-3-OXODIHYDRO ISOTHIAZOLE
MIT
2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one
229D0E1QFA
DTXSID2034259
CHEBI:53620
n-methylisothiazolin-3-one
2682-20-4 (free base)
Neolone
Caswell No. 572A
Microcare MT
Kordek MLX
EINECS 220-239-6
MIT (biocide)
Acticide M 10
Acticide M 20
Bestcide 600
Kordek 50
Kordek 50C
Kordek 573F
Kathon CG 243
2-METHYL-2H-ISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE
UNII-229D0E1QFA
HSDB 8200
MIT 950
2-Methyl-1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE
2-METHYL-3(2H)-ISOTHIAZOLONE
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-on
METHYLISOTHIAZOLONE
Casson preservatives
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLINE-3-ONE
2-Methyl-3-isothiazolone
2-Methyl-2H-isothiazole-3-one
2-Methyl-3-isothiazolone
2-Methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone
2-Methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one
N-Methylisothiazolin-3-one
2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-Methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one calcium chloride
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-methyl-
2-Methyl-2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-one
Neolone 950
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
UN3261
Methylisothiazolinone
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-methyl-
2-Methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
MI
MIT
2-Methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one
Neolone 950 preservative
OriStar MIT
Microcare MT
MT 10
2-Methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone
KB 838
MFCD01742315
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI)
2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone
SCHEMBL17863
SCHEMBL113898
Methylisothiazolinone free base
CHEMBL1620780
DTXCID0014259
2-Methyl 4-Isothiazoline 3-one
METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [II]
METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [MI]
2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone #
METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [INCI]
ZINC1849933
METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [VANDF]
Tox21_303814
BBL104136
METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [MART.]
STL557951
AKOS007930246
AM84857
CS-W011236
HY-W010520
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 95%
NCGC00357093-01
CAS-2682-20-4
2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-3-one
DB-005250
FT-0601044
F21330
EN300-1708622
Q423870
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, analytical standard
W-107150
Z3227502095
2-methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-one
METHYLISOTHIAZOLIN
2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE
METHYLISOTHIAZOLINE
2-methylisothiazolone
2-methylisothiazolin-3-one
METHYLISOTHIAZDINONE
Skycide 100
METHYLISOTHIAZOLONE
KATHONCG
methylisothiazolin-3-one
N-methyl-isothiazole-HCl
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
Isothiazolone,2-methyl
MIT
2-Methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one
2-methyl-3-isothiazolone
2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
2-Methyl-2H-isothiazol-3-one
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one calcium chloride
3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-methyl-
MI
2-Methyl-2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-one
MIT
Neolone 950
2-Methylisothiazol-3(2H)-one
UN3261
MIT
Skycide 100
Methylisothiazolinone
Isothiazolone,2-methyl-
2-Methyl-3-isothiazolone
Isothiazolone, 2-methyl-
2-Methylisothiazol-3-one
Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone
2-Methyl-Isothiazolin-3-one
2-methyl-3(2h)-isothiazolon
2-METHYL-3(2H)-ISOTHIAZOLONE
2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-One
2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE
2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLINE-3-ONE
2-Methyl-4-Isothiazoline-3-one
2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-Ketone
N-METHYL-3-OXODIHYDRO ISOTHIAZOLE
2-Methyl-4-Isothiazoline-3-Ketone
2-Methyl-2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-one
1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)UREA


2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, is a powerful synthetic biocide and preservative within the group of isothiazolinones.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is used to control slime-forming bacteria, fungi, and algae in pulp/paper mills, cooling water systems, oil field operations, industrial process waters, and air washer systems.
And 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is incorporated into adhesives, coatings, fuels, metal working fluids, resin emulsions, paints, and various other specialty industrial products as a preservative.

CAS: 2682-20-4
MF: C4H5NOS
MW: 115.15
EINECS: 220-239-6

Synonyms
1-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-3-(3,4-DICHLOROPHENYL)UREA;2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE;2-METHYL-4-ISOTHIAZOLINE-3-ONE;2-METHYL-3(2H)-ISOTHIAZOLONE;N-METHYL-3-OXODIHYDRO ISOTHIAZOLE;2-methyl-3(2h)-isothiazolon;Isothiazolone,2-methyl-;Methylisothiazolinone;2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
;2682-20-4;Methylisothiazolinone;2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone;2-methylisothiazol-3(2h)-one;2-Methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-one;3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-methyl-;N-Methyl-3-oxodihydroisothiazole;N-METHYL-3-OXODIHYDRO ISOTHIAZOLE;2-methyl-3-isothiazolone;2-METHYL-2HISOTHIAZOL-3-ONE;MIT;2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3(2H)-one;229D0E1QFA;DTXSID2034259;CHEBI:53620;n-methylisothiazolin-3-one;2682-20-4 (free base);MFCD01742315;Neolone;Caswell No. 572A;Microcare MT;Kordek MLX;EINECS 220-239-6;MIT (biocide);Acticide M 10;Acticide M 20;Bestcide 600;Kordek 50;Kordek 50C;2-methyl-1,2-thiazol-3-one;Kordek 573F;Kathon CG 243;UNII-229D0E1QFA;Neolone 950; 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one; 2-Methylisothiazol-3-one;HSDB 8200;MIT 950;MT 10;2-Methyl-4-isothiazoline-3-ketone;KB 838;2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MI);2-methyl-4-isothiazolinone;SCHEMBL17863;SCHEMBL113898;Methylisothiazolinone free base;CHEMBL1620780;DTXCID0014259;METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [II];METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [MI];2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one 100 microg/mL in Acetonitrile;2-Methyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone#;METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [INCI];METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [VANDF];Tox21_303814;METHYLISOTHIAZOLINONE [MART.];AKOS007930246;AM84857;CS-W011236;HY-W010520;2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, 95%;NCGC00357093-01;CAS-2682-20-4;2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,2-thiazol-3-one;NS00003875;F21330;EN300-1708622;Q423870;2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, analytical standard;W-107150;Z3227502095

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is also used to control the growth of mold, mildew, and sapstain on wood products.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is generally recommended for use only in rinse-off and leave-on cosmetic products (maximum concentration of 100 ppm) as preservative such as shampoo, conditioner, hair color, body wash, lotion, sunscreen, mascara, shaving cream, baby lotion, baby shampoo, hairspray, makeup remover, liquid soaps, and detergents.
Nevertheless, methylisothiazolinone is allergenic.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is reported that methylisothiazolinone in rinse-off products causes allergic contact dermatitis.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one has a role as an antifouling biocide, an antimicrobial agent and an antifungal agent.

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is an isothiazolinone-derived biocide used for controlling microbial growth in industrial and household products, often in a mixture with 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolone (MCI).
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, fungi, and yeast with MIC values of 0.0045, 0.0015, >0.01, and 0.0065% (w/w) for S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, A. niger, and C. albicans, respectively, when used alone.
MIC values are 7 to 200-fold lower when MI is used in combination with MCI.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one decreases neurite outgrowth of rat cortical neurons when used at concentrations of 0.1-3 μM and inhibits Src family kinases in cell-free assays.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, alone and as a mixture with MCI, can elicit contact sensitization.

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, MIT, or MI, is the organic compound with the formula S(CH)2C(O)NCH3.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a white solid.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, a class of heterocycles, are used as biocides in numerous personal care products and other industrial applications.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and related compounds have attracted much attention for their allergenic properties, e.g. contact dermatitis.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is prepared by cyclization of cis-N-methyl-3-thiocyanoacrylamide:
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a 1,2-thazole that is 4-isothiazolin-3-one bearing a methyl group on the nitrogen atom.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a powerful biocide and preservative and is the minor active ingredient in the commercial product Kathon(TM).
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one has a role as an antifouling biocide, an antimicrobial agent and an antifungal agent.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one or MIT is a powerful antimicrobial and antifungal agent which is widely used in personal care products.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is also used in industrial applications as a preservative and antifouling agent.

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one Chemical Properties
Melting point: 254-256 °C(lit.)
Boiling point: bp0.03 93°
Density: 1.25 (14% aq.)
Vapor pressure: Storage temp.: 2-8°C
Solubility: Chloroform, Ethyl Acetate
pka: -2.03±0.20(Predicted)
Color: Yellow
Water Solubility: 489g/L at 20℃
BRN: 606203
InChIKey: BEGLCMHJXHIJLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP: -0.486 at 20℃
CAS DataBase Reference: 2682-20-4(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST Chemistry Reference: 3(2H)-isothiazolone, 2-methyl-(2682-20-4)
EPA Substance Registry System: 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (2682-20-4)

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a colorless,clear liquid with amild odor that is completely soluble in water; mostly soluble in acetonitrile, methanol, and hexane; and slightly soluble in xylene.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a heterocyclic organic compound used as a preservative in cosmetics and personal care products in concentrations up to 0.01%.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-onee is a powerful biocide and preservative within the group of Isothiazolinones.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one’s other names have 2-Methyl-4-Isothiazolin-3-one, MIT, and MI.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one products are widely used in cosmetics, shampoos, and body care somethings.

Uses
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, or MIT as it is sometimes known, is a preservative used in cosmetics and beauty products.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-oneis a powerful biocide, or “chemical substance capable of killing living organisms, usually in a selective way.
Ultimately, 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is used to prevent a wide variety of bacteria and fungi from growing in cosmetics and beauty products, most often in shampoo.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is only approved for use in rinse-off formulas and at low concentrations.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a isothiazolinone based biocide and preservative used in personal care products.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is also used for controlling microbial growth in water-c ontaining solution.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a preservative compound widely used in cosmetics.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is a contact allergen and sensitiser.

2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one has recently been identified as a neurotoxin that can damage nerve endings with repeated exposure.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is an antimicrobial used to control slime-forming bacteria, fungi, and algae in cooling water systems, fuel storage tanks, pulp and paper mill water systems, oil extraction systems, and other industrial settings.
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is frequently used in personal care products. Such as shampoos, other hair care products, and specific paint formulations.
And there, 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is often used in combination with either chloromethylisothiazolinone (known as Kathon CG when paired with methylisothiazolinone) or Benzisothiazolinone (an added antiseptic).
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is also used to control the growth of mold, mildew, and sapstain on wood products.

Hazard
2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one is allergenic and cytotoxic, and this has led to some concern over its use.
A report released by the European Scientific Committee on Cosmetic Products and Non-food Products Intended for Consumers (SCCNFP) in 2003 also concluded that insufficient information was available to allow for an adequate risk assessment analysis of 2-Methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one.
Early on, dermatitis may occur only on part of the exposed skin.
Common patterns include: hand dermatitis,perianal dermatitis, perivulval dermatitis, napkin dermatitis, facial dermatitis, eyelid swelling, and scalp dermatitis.
Later, more extensive and severe whole-body contact dermatitis may occur in very sensitive people.
2-Methyl-5-Ethyl Pyridine
5-ethyl-2-methylpyridine; 2,5- aldehydine; 5- ethyl-2-picoline; 3- ethyl-6-methyl pyridine; 2- picoline, 5-ethyl- cas no:104-90-5
2-Methylbutyric acid
2-methylbutanoic acid ; ethyl methyl acetic acid; methyl butyric acid; methyl ethyl acetic acid; 2- methylbutyric acid pure; methylethyl acetic acid CAS NO:116-53-0
2-Methylimidazole
2-ETHYL ANTHRAQUINONE ; 2-Ethyl-9,10-anthracenedione; 2-EAQ; beta-Ethylanthraquinone; 2-Ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone; cas no : 84-51-5
2-METHYLPROPYL ESTER
2-Methylpropyl ester is an ester made from the combination of isobutyl alcohol and stearic acid, found in both animal and vegetable fats.
2-Methylpropyl ester is primarily used in cosmetics and personal care products due to its ability to form a non-greasy hydrophobic film on the skin, providing a soft and smooth appearance.
Additionally, the rising demand for personal care products and bio-lubricants in the metalworking industry is a key driver for the 2-methylpropyl ester market.

CAS Number: 646-13-9
EC Number: 211-466-1
Molecular Formula: C22H44O2
Molecular Weight: 340.58

Synonyms: ISOBUTYL STEARATE, 646-13-9, 2-Methylpropyl octadecanoate, Octadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester, Stearic acid, isobutyl ester, V8DPR6HNX3, Stearic acid isobutyl ester, isobutyl octadecanoate, HSDB 2177, EINECS 211-466-1, UNII-V8DPR6HNX3, BRN 1792857, Uniflex IBYS, Kessco IBS, Stearic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester, Kemester 5415, Octadecanoic acid 2-methylpropyl ester, Emerest 2324, Estol 1476, SCHEMBL33706, 3-02-00-01017 (Beilstein Handbook Reference), Isobutyl stearate, AldrichCPR, ISOBUTYL STEARATE [MI], DTXSID9027285, ISOBUTYL STEARATE [HSDB], ISOBUTYL STEARATE [INCI], STL417837, ZINC95876441, AKOS015901564, FT-0696997, 646I139, Q27291666, (2E)-3-(9-ETHYL-9H-CARBAZOL-3-YL)ACRYLICACID, isobutyl octadecanoate, 2-methyl propyl octadecanoate, 2-methylpropyl octadecanoate, octadecanoic acid 2-methyl propyl ester, octadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester, stearic acid 2-methyl propyl ester, stearic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester, stearic acid, isobutyl ester, HSDB 2177, BRN 1792857, isobutyl stearate, ISOBUTYL STEARATE, Isobutyl stearate, ISOBUTYLOCTADECANOATE, OCTADECANOICACID,2-METHYL-, Stearic acid, isobutyl ester, 2-Methylpropyl octadecanoate, stearic acid, isobutyl ester, Octadecanoic acid isobutyl ester, Stearic acid 2-methylpropyl ester, Stearic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester, 3-02-00-01017, 211-466-1, 646-13-9, Isobutyl stearate, Isobutylstearat, MFCD00072278, Octadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester, Stéarate d'isobutyle, 2-Methylpropyl octadecanoate, 3-02-00-01017, 3-02-00-01017, EINECS 211-466-1, Emerest 2324, Estol 1476, isobutyl octadecanoate, iso-Butyl Stearate, Isobutylstearate, Kemester 5415, Kessco IBS, Octadecanoic acid, octadecanoic acid isobutyl ester, stearic acid isobutyl ester, Stearic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester, Stearic acid, isobutyl ester, Uniflex IBYS

2-methylpropyl ester is a natural product found in Aristolochia baetica, Aristolochia fontanesii, and Aristolochia paucinervis with data available.

2-methylpropyl ester are stearate esters that are oily liquids or waxy solids.
2-methylpropyl ester has molecular weight of 340.592 g/mol.

2-methylpropyl ester is an ester made of combination of isobutyl alcohol and stearic acid.
Stearic acid is found in animal and vegetable fats.
Low viscosity and oily nature of stearate esters helps in the formation of non-greasy hydrophobic film when applied to lips or skin.

2-methylpropyl ester esters are majorly used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Stearate esters primarily act as lubricants on the skin surface due to their oily or waxy property.

This gives skin a soft and smoothening appearance.
2-methylpropyl ester content when applied on skin in form of skin cosmetics forms a thin coating.

Thus, 2-methylpropyl ester acts as a skin conditioning agent.
2-methylpropyl ester is used during the formulation of eye makeup, lipstick, and skin makeup.

2-methylpropyl ester is used in other applications in metalworking and industrial segments due to 2-methylpropyl ester lubricant nature.
Rise in demand for personal care products and bio-lubricants in the metal working industry is one of the key drivers of the 2-methylpropyl ester market.

Based on application, the 2-methylpropyl ester market can be segmented into personal care & cosmetics, metal working, and industrial.
Personal care & cosmetics contributed significant share of the 2-methylpropyl ester market in 2016.

2-methylpropyl ester is likely to remain the dominant segment during the forecast period.
Rise in usage of bio-esters in formulation of personal care and cosmetics products and increase in usage of personal care & cosmetics products across the globe are the prominent factors expected to drive the 2-methylpropyl ester market between 2017 and 2025.

The stearate esters (Butyl Stearate, Cetyl Stearate, Isocetyl Stearate, Isopropyl Stearate, Myristyl Stearate, Ethylhexyl Stearate, 2-methylpropyl ester) are oily liquids or waxy solids.
Ethylhexyl Stearate may also be called Octyl Stearate.
In cosmetics and personal care products, stearate esters are used most frequently in the formulation of eye makeup, skin makeup, lipstick and skin care products.

Stearate esters act primarily as lubricants on the skin’s surface, which gives the skin a soft and smooth appearance.
Butyl Stearate also decreases the thickness of lipsticks, thereby lessening the drag on lips, and imparts water repelling characteristics to nail polishes.

Butyl Stearate and Isopropyl Stearate dry to form a thin coating on the skin.
Isocetyl Stearate can also be used to dissolve other substances, usually liquids.

2-methylpropyl esters are stearate esters that are oily liquids or waxy solids.
2-methylpropyl ester is known with many chemical names such as isobutyl ester, 2-methylpropyl ester, octadecanoic acid, and Kessco IBS.

2-methylpropyl ester has molecular weight of 340.592 g/mol.
2-methylpropyl ester is an ester made of combination of isobutyl alcohol and stearic acid.

Stearic acid is found in animal and vegetable fats.
Low viscosity and oily nature of stearate esters helps in the formation of non-greasy hydrophobic film when applied to lips or skin.

2-methylpropyl ester esters are majorly used in cosmetics and personal care products.
Stearate esters primarily act as lubricants on the skin surface due to their oily or waxy property.

This gives skin a soft and smoothening appearance. 2-methylpropyl ester content when applied on skin in form of skin cosmetics forms a thin coating.
Thus, 2-methylpropyl ester acts as a skin conditioning agent.

2-methylpropyl ester is used during the formulation of eye makeup, lipstick, and skin makeup.
2-methylpropyl ester is used in other applications in metalworking and industrial segments due to 2-methylpropyl ester lubricant nature.

Rise in demand for personal care products and bio-lubricants in the metal working industry is one of the key drivers of the 2-methylpropyl ester market.
However, slow growth of metalworking fluid market which is one of the key applications of IBS and confined production of IBS in limited countries in Europe are the major restraints for the market.

Covid-19 Impact Analysis:
The coronavirus's unfavorable global effects are already evident, and they will have a big impact on the 2-methylpropyl ester in 2020.
The World Health Organization has declared a public health emergency after the COVID-19 virus outbreak in December 2019.

The disease has spread to over 100 nations and resulted in massive deaths all across the world.
Exports & Imports, global manufacturing, tourism, and financial sectors have all been heavily damaged.

The downward pressure on the global economy, which had previously shown signs of improvement, has escalated once more.
The outbreak of the virus has added danger factors to the international economy's already sluggish development.

Many international groups have stated that the global economy is experiencing 2-methylpropyl ester most difficult moment since the financial crisis.
The lockdown has resulted in hampering the imports and exports of various goods.
Also, the uncertainty created in the market in the consumers’ buying pattern has resulted in hampering of the 2-methylpropyl ester.

Top Impacting Factors:
The global 2-methylpropyl ester market is dependent on the supply & demand of end-use industries, and the raw materials.
Stearic acid is the main raw material, which is obtained from vegetable and animal fats, any fluctuations in the supply of steric acid have a direct effect on the 2-methylpropyl ester manufacturers.
Also, the substitutes for 2-methylpropyl ester are butyl stearate itself, which can also be used for the same application wherein 2-methylpropyl ester is used and thus restricts the market to some extent.

The personal care and cosmetic manufacturers are the chief customers for 2-methylpropyl ester chemical and their growth basically drives the 2-methylpropyl ester consumption rate.
Further, the factors which indirectly supports the cosmetic & personal care manufacturers’ growth is the rising disposable income of individuals, urbanization & development of megacities, demographic trends, penetration of premiumization.

Market trends:
The increasing consumption in metalworking fluids and personal care industry drives the global 2-methylpropyl ester market.
2-methylpropyl ester (IBS) is an ester which is primarily used in metalworking, personal care and other industrial activities.

2-methylpropyl ester is a stearate ester which is available in both oily liquid and waxy solid forms.
2-methylpropyl ester due to its less toxicity is widely preferred as an ingredient in personal care products.
Similarly, the use of esters in metal lubricating application has increased over the years due to 2-methylpropyl ester excellent lubricating properties.

2-methylpropyl ester improves the lubricity of different metals like copper, steel and aluminum.
The demand for 2-methylpropyl ester is expected to grow in the coming years, due to 2-methylpropyl ester increasing consumption in metalworking fluids and personal care industry.

Stearate esters have excellent lubricating properties and therefore preferred as metalworking lubricants.
These esters have a low viscosity and are also used in personal care products.

Rising demand for the market in the growing economies is a key driver for the market.
Continuous increase in online beauty spending, expansion of social networks, consumers' interest in new, different, and premium products, acceleration of urbanization worldwide, and growth of the upper-middle classes all over the world and especially in Asia, where consumers are both knowledgeable and enthusiastic about this segment, are some of the major factors that contribute to the steady growth of the cosmetics and personal care market.

Rising demand in various end-use industries like pharmaceuticals and textile is also expected to boost the market growth.
2-methylpropyl ester is also used in topical pharmaceuticals.

The Asia-Pacific pharmaceutical market is the third-largest pharmaceutical market in the world after North America and Europe, owing to the size of the population, especially the older population, GDP per capita, health expenditures, and regulatory systems, among others.
In textile manufacturing, countries such as Vietnam, Bangladesh, China, India and Hong Kong stand out among the top 10 global manufacturers, hence, indicating regular demand for 2-methylpropyl ester to be used as a lubricant for textile processing.

Uses of 2-methylpropyl ester:
2-methylpropyl ester is used in waterproof coatings, polishes, face creams, rouges, ointments, soaps, inks, and lubricants.
2-methylpropyl ester is also used in rubber manufacturing and in dye solutions.

2-methylpropyl ester is used in waterproof coatings, polishes, face creams, rouges, ointments, soaps, rubber mfr, dye soln, inks, lubricants
2-methylpropyl ester is used in cosmetics, inks, coatings, polishes

Construction and building materials:
Materials used for construction (e.g. flooring, tile, sinks, bathtubs, mirrors, wall materials/drywall, wall-to-wall carpets, insulation, playground surfaces).

Personal care:
Moisturizers, lotions, and creams for treating the face (excluding eye-specific products) such as emollient, flavouring, skin conditioning.

Industry Uses:
Finishing agents
Lubricants and lubricant additives

Consumer Uses:
Lubricants and lubricant additives

General Manufacturing Information of 2-methylpropyl ester:

Industry Processing Sectors:
Fabricated Metal Product Manufacturing
Textiles, apparel, and leather manufacturing

Stability and Reactivity of 2-methylpropyl ester:

Chemical Stability:
Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

Hazardous Polymerization:
Will not occur under normal conditions.

Keep Away From:
Sources of ignition.

Handling and Storage of 2-methylpropyl ester:
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing.
Use with adequate ventilation.

Avoid breathing fumes.
Use normal personal hygiene and housekeeping.
Store in a cool dry area away from other incompatible

First Aid Measures of 2-methylpropyl ester:

Skin:
Immediately wash skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes.

Eyes:
Immediately flush with plenty of water for at least 15 mintues, holding eye lids apart.

Inhalation:
Remove to the fresh air.
If not breathing give artificial respiration.
If breathing is difficult, give oxygen.

Ingestion:
Wash out mouth with water.

On All of the Above:
Consult a physician if symptoms persist.

Fire Fighting Measures of 2-methylpropyl ester:
Flash Point: >170C
Flammable Limits: N/A

Extinguishing Media:
Use media that is appropriate to treat surrounding fire.
Water or foam may cause frothing.

Special Fire Fighting Procedures:
Use fire fighting procedure that is appropriate to treat surrounding fire.
All firefighters should use selfcontained breathing apparatus and full fire-fighting turn-out gear.

Auto Ignition Temperature:
N/A

Accidental Release Measures of 2-methylpropyl ester:
Isolate hazard area and deny entry to unnecessary or unprotected personnel.
Contain Spilled liquid with sand or earth.

Place in a disposal Container.
Avoid runnoff into storm sewers and ditches which lead to waterways.

Safety of 2-methylpropyl ester:

Storage class:
10 - 13 Other liquids and solids

WGK:
WGK 1 slightly hazardous to water

Identifiers of 2-methylpropyl ester:
CAS number: 646-13-9
EC number: 211-466-1
Hill Formula: C₂₂H₄₄O₂
Molar Mass: 340.58 g/mol
HS Code: 2915 70 50

CAS Number: 646-13-9
Chem/IUPAC Name: 2-methylpropyl ester
EINECS/ELINCS No: 211-466-1
COSING REF No: 34606

EC / List no.: 211-466-1
CAS no.: 646-13-9
Mol. formula: C22H44O2

Synonym(s): 2-methylpropyl ester
Empirical Formula (Hill Notation): C22H44O2
CAS Number: 646-13-9
Molecular Weight: 340.58
EC Index Number: 211-466-1

Properties of 2-methylpropyl ester:
Density: 0.85 g/cm3 (20 °C)
Melting Point: 28.9 °C

Quality Level: 200
Form: solid
mp: 28.9 °C
Density: 0.85 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Storage temp.: 2-30°C
InChI: 1S/C22H44O2/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18-19-22(23)24-20-21(2)3/h21H,4-20H2,1-3H3
InChI key: ORFWYUFLWUWSFM-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Molecular Formula: C22H44O2
Molar Mass: 340.58
Density: 0.85 g/cm3 (20℃)
Melting Point: about 20°
Boling Point: 381.5°C
Flash Point: 187.7°C
Vapor Presure: 5.07E-06mmHg at 25°C
Storage Condition: Store below +30°C.
Refractive Index: 1.4365 (estimate)

Molecular Weight: 340.6
XLogP3-AA: 9.9
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 2
Rotatable Bond Count: 19
Exact Mass: 340.334130642
Monoisotopic Mass: 340.334130642
Topological Polar Surface Area: 26.3 Ų
Heavy Atom Count: 24
Complexity: 261
Isotope Atom Count: 0
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Atom Stereocenter Count: 0
Defined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Undefined Bond Stereocenter Count: 0
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count: 1
Compound Is Canonicalized: Yes

Specifications of 2-methylpropyl ester:
Saponification value: 170 - 179
Identity (IR): passes test

Names of 2-methylpropyl ester:

Regulatory process names:
Isobutyl stearate
isobutyl stearate

IUPAC names:
2-methylpropyl octadecanoate
2-methylpropyl oktadekanoát
isobutyl octadecanoate
ISOBUTYL STEARATE
Isobutyl stearate
isobutyl stearate
octadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl
Octadecanoic acid, 2-methylpropyl ester

Other identifiers:
646-13-9
2-NİTROBENZENESULFONİC ACİD SODİUM SALT
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is a crystalline solid that is soluble in water.
As a sulfonic acid salt, 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is highly water-soluble and possesses acidic properties.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt consists of a benzene ring (C6H5) with a nitro group (-NO2) and a sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) attached to it.

CAS Number: 25732-79-0
Molecular Formula: C6H4NNaO5S
Molecular Weight: 225.15443
EINECS number: 247-215-8

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, also known as 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt or sodium o-nitrobenzenesulfonate, is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C6H4NO5SNa.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is primarily used as an intermediate in the production of dyes and pigments.
It is often employed in the synthesis of acid dyes, which are widely used in the textile industry for coloring protein fibers such as wool, silk, and nylon.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can be used to introduce the nitrobenzenesulfonic acid group into other compounds during organic synthesis.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can be used as a pH regulator or a buffering agent in certain applications.
Additionally, it may find use as a corrosion inhibitor or a stabilizer in chemical processes.

The sodium ion (Na+) is present to balance the negative charge of the sulfonate group.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can be prepared by the nitration of 2-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid.
The resulting product is then neutralized with sodium hydroxide to form the sodium salt.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid hydrate (2NBS) is a reactive, sulfonated organic compound that has been used for many years as a precursor for pharmaceuticals.
2NBS reacts with sodium carbonate to form a mixture of nitrobenzenesulfonic acids.
This process is known as sulfonation and can be used for biological treatment, such as wastewater treatment.

2NBS is also known to react with styryl dye in an intramolecular hydrogen bond to form the corresponding hydroxyl group.
2NBS also has antiinflammatory activities and has been found to inhibit the inflammatory response in rat models of inflammatory bowel disease.
As a sulfonic acid salt, 2-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is acidic in nature.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can donate a hydrogen ion (H+) in solution, contributing to its acidic properties.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is highly soluble in water due to its ionic nature.
It readily dissolves in aqueous solutions, forming ions of sodium (Na+) and the 2-nitrobenzenesulfonate anion.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is generally stable under normal conditions.
However, like other nitro compounds, it may decompose under high temperatures or in the presence of strong acids or bases.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can participate in chemical reactions typical of sulfonic acid salts.
It may undergo acid-base reactions, redox reactions, or other reactions involving its functional groups.

Some nitro compounds, including 2-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, may exhibit photoreactivity.
They can undergo photochemical reactions when exposed to certain wavelengths of light.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is highly soluble in water.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium saltis generally stable under normal conditions.
However, it may decompose at high temperatures or in the presence of strong acids or bases.
It is important to store and handle the compound appropriately to maintain its stability.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is compatible with a range of other chemicals and materials.
However, it is always advisable to perform compatibility tests when considering its use in specific formulations or applications.
Like other chemicals, 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt should be handled responsibly to minimize its impact on the environment.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt should be disposed of according to local regulations and guidelines.
As a chemical compound, 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt may be subject to various regulations and restrictions in different jurisdictions.
It is essential to comply with applicable laws and regulations regarding its production, handling, storage, and use.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt may also be referred to as sodium o-nitrobenzenesulfonate or sodium ortho-nitrobenzenesulfonate.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is used in the synthesis of quinoline.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is also used in Stabilizer for dyeing of fibers; assistant in discharge printing; oxidizing agent in demetalizers and industrial cleaners.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is also used as an developing agent for electroplating and auxiliary for dying fabrics.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is an acidic compound.
It is a sulfonic acid salt, and when dissolved in water, it can release hydrogen ions (H+), resulting in an acidic pH. The presence of the sulfonic acid group (-SO3H) contributes to its acidic properties.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is highly soluble in water.
This property allows for its easy dissolution and homogeneous distribution in aqueous solutions.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is generally stable under normal conditions.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can participate in various chemical reactions.
It can undergo acid-base reactions, where it can donate a proton (H+) from the sulfonic acid group or accept a proton in the presence of strong bases.
It can also undergo redox reactions, where it can act as an oxidizing or reducing agent.

Some nitro compounds, including 2-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, can exhibit photoreactivity.
When exposed to specific wavelengths of light, they may undergo photochemical reactions, which can result in the formation of reactive intermediates or the generation of radicals.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is an important organic compound used in a variety of scientific research applications.
It is a white crystalline solid with a molecular weight of 197.6 g/mol and a melting point of 160-162 °C.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is widely used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other organic compounds.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is also used in the synthesis of nitro-containing compounds, such as dyes, explosives, and herbicides.

Uses
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is an important intermediate in the synthesis of acid dyes.
Acid dyes are used in the textile industry for dyeing protein fibers such as wool, silk, and nylon.
They have good affinity for these fibers and can form strong bonds, resulting in vibrant and durable colors.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can be used as a reagent in organic synthesis reactions to introduce the nitrobenzenesulfonic acid group into other compounds.
This functional group can modify the properties of organic compounds and make them suitable for specific applications.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is acidic in nature due to the presence of the sulfonic acid group.
Therefore, it can be used as a pH regulator or a buffering agent in various chemical processes and formulations.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is sometimes utilized as a corrosion inhibitor to protect metal surfaces from degradation caused by chemical reactions with substances such as acids or oxygen.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is utilized as an intermediate in the production of dyes and pigments, particularly acid dyes.
Acid dyes are extensively used in the textile industry for coloring protein-based fibers such as wool, silk, and nylon.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt finds application in textile processing, specifically in dyeing and printing processes.
It assists in enhancing the colorfastness and durability of the dyes used in textile applications.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is used in laboratories and research facilities as a reagent in various chemical reactions.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can be employed in organic synthesis, analytical chemistry, and the development of new compounds.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt has been used in the photographic industry as a component in developing solutions.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt aids in the development and fixing of photographic prints by controlling the chemical reactions involved in image formation.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can be employed as a reference standard or reagent in analytical chemistry techniques, such as spectrophotometry or chromatography, for quantitative analysis and determination of specific compounds.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium saltfinds application in research and development activities across various industries, including pharmaceuticals, materials science, and chemical synthesis.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can be used in analytical chemistry techniques, such as spectrophotometry, as a reference standard or as a colorimetric reagent for the quantitative determination of specific compounds.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is used in the synthesis of quinoline.

2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is also used in Stabilizer for dyeing of fibers; assistant in discharge printing; oxidizing agent in demetalizers and industrial cleaners.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is also used as an developing agent for electroplating and auxiliary for dying fabrics.

Safety Considerations
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt should be handled with care as it may have harmful effects if ingested, inhaled, or in contact with the skin or eyes.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt is recommended to follow safety guidelines, wear appropriate protective equipment, and handle the compound in a well-ventilated area.

Health Hazards
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can cause skin irritation upon direct contact.
It may also cause irritation and damage to the eyes.

Inhalation of dust or aerosolized particles of 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium saltcan cause respiratory irritation.
Prolonged or intense exposure may lead to more severe respiratory effects.
Some individuals may develop sensitization or allergic reactions upon repeated or prolonged exposure to the 2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt.

Environmental Hazards:
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt may have harmful effects on aquatic organisms if released into water bodies.
It is important to prevent its release into the environment and to handle and dispose of it appropriately.

Fire and Explosion Hazards:
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium saltis not highly flammable.
However, it may contribute to the intensity of a fire if involved in a fire situation.
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt can decompose at high temperatures, releasing toxic gases and fumes, including nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides.

Synonyms
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
DTXSID80948613
Sodium 2-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonate
Sodium nitrobenzenesulfonate
Ludigol [Russian]
Salstrip-N-1
Ludigol 60
sodium nitrobenzenesulfonate
Benzenesulfonic acid, 2-nitro-, sodium salt (1:1)
nitro-benzenesulfonic aci sodium salt
p-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid,s
ludigol 60
2-Nitrobenzenesulfonic acid sodium salt
salstrip-n-1
Benzenesulfonic acid, 4-nitro-, sodium salt (1:1)
nitrobenzene sodium sulfonate
Sodium 4-nitrobenzenesulfonate
ludigol f
Sodium 2-nitrobenzenesulphonate
EINECS 247-215-8
27215-71-0
Nitrobenzene sodium sulfonate